David, sallinariaid gyda'r pethau sefydlu'n anghylchedd hon oherwydd bod iawn yn ei wneud ar hyn o'r dyfodol. Efallai y byddai'r ddweudio cwymru yn ddiolch. Mae'r drifweld yn fwy oes iddynt yn eu chwansef iawn i ddweud. Am i gyrddiadol o'r maes yw'r nysgrifennu os yw Llywodraethau yn bwynt yn gynau gweithredu, a'n mynd i gychwynwyr yn y maes. I ddod chi'n meddwl gyda'r pan. Gwysig ewch wedi cael se ni wedi gweld eich tîm gwybod, felly wedi i'n meddwl i'n meddylion i gyda'r pan o'r Cyfrin Cymru, hynny yw'r cyfrin cyfan, dyma'r rai eich cyfrin cyfrin cyfrin cyfrin, bobydwn ni'n gweld weithfawr yn gymrattau'r ddweud, felly i'n mynd i'n meddwl iawn i'n meddwl ifanc i ddarparu. No chyfrin cyfrin. Was the intention to give him 120 minutes? No. I didn't think we'd have went that, but I thought the players were fine on it. I don't think there was a high intention again, it was going to take sap a lot of energy, so players are feltin' good. I spoke to Jimmy Small and he said he feels fine, so hopefully now they'll get extra day rest tomorrow and then they said for a massive game in Saturday. And obviously Paul Caddys, I would imagine he'll come back in. Can he bring to the side? Does he offer differently to the team? Yeah, I think he's seen it. Peterborough, he can defend. He's fantastic in the ball, he's a fantastic quality. And his fitness levels are incredible for someone who hasn't played any football for the last three months. I thought he was fantastic in the game at Peterborough. He had that experience and he's very good 1v1 defending, so his experience is all round character and it's something that I think we need to bring more of into the club. But as well as his defensive stability, does he also offer you an option going forward as well? Yeah, of course. I think he's seen last week when he played. He's got a quality delivery. He's a shot and he's left foot within the first four or five minutes in the game. So we know what he brings to the table and as he says, I think he'll answer fans. He'll probably see best him over the next three, four months once we get him up to speed and get him fully fit. Often when you come into a new workplace, you might sort of take a bit of time to warm to everyone the true character to show. Is that what you've seen with him, or is he instantly become an important voice within the dressing room? No, I think he's a quiet character in the dressing room. He's definitely going to pitch in the dressing room this Saturday. No, he's fitted in male, he's an experienced player. He's played championship most of his career. So he knows where he's going to buy clubs and knows where he's going to play and he's composed and I think that's the thing we need. Now he's a calm and influence more than a leader on a shooter. In terms of chance conversion, obviously a lot of opportunities against all the shot, chances created. How do you work on improving that conversion rate? We do it every day, so it's not as if we don't work on it. It's just one of these things that they'll start to come. I was a wee bit frustrated because I looked at it again back and two goals looked onside both of them, in my confidence boost, but he's working hard. We'll get the chances we created the other night and it's the same thing that's how many goals you've scored. So these things will probably come when somebody will come and take one or two chances and then I think that'll be them off and running. In terms of what you do day by day, is it an arm around the shoulder for someone like Owen? Is it a kick up the backside? What sort of method do you look at? I think he's an experienced player. He'll know himself and make some tick. I think he's just maybe getting that stage now where he needs to be a bit of a look in front of a goal. Some of the chances he has had, some have been blocked, some have been off the line. Strike is all known. They just need to keep working hard and the harder you work, the lucker you become. In terms of strikers as well, obviously Kai Brunker came on and played his part in getting the goal. What have you made of Kai since you've come in? I think he's a lot of stick, a lot of unfair criticism. I think anybody that's about training going on knows that he's very likeable. He's one of the most popular boys in the squad. He works extremely hard on training. As I said, since he's come in, I think now he's improving. I think he's come on. He gives us something different we don't have. He gives everything he's got. Every ounce he's got for Bradford City. Even though he might like and call it, he makes up with his iron passion and he's got a passion to play for the club. You've seen, even in your short time here, that he's sort of making strides forward as a player. He's different from what we have, so at this moment in time, he's the only option we have as a target man. So I think he comes in, doesn't mind, works hard, tries to get better, tries to improve. That's all you can ask from players. He's one of the ones that come in with a spell and he's faced every single day trying to improve. Does he have the quality to be starting in a league one game at the moment? That's an unfair question to ask. Well, he's asked that. He's at Bradford, so he's been here. Of course he has. He's been my thoughts all my time. Everybody he has, so I think it's about your unfair question. He has someone out of it, a player. Apologise to Care. I was just wondering, as he gives off as something different of being the only target man, whether you don't have another option in terms of you trying to go in that direction. Well, you've seen me, so I don't see why you're asking a question. He's the only target man to have at a place, so you've asked me questions that it's impossible to answer. OK, no problem. In terms of Jake Reeves, obviously you've mentioned last week about four or five of the lads that are coming back. How far off is he at this point? I don't know. His recoveries and all went as well as we thought. So I just think it's so many of the ones you need to speak to first of all about it because every time we get close to Jake and back then, someone else seems to crop up with another injury, so I think that's something you need to ask if there's your department about it. For the game on Saturday, obviously quite an important one. How are you viewing it in terms of the importance throughout the games you've been in so far? I think every game is important. I think it's going to be a fantastic occasion. I think we've all done fantastically well to do the game for that £1 entry, which is fantastic. We're trying to get as many brads of fans down and hopefully they'll get behind the team because at this moment in time that's what we need. We don't need any negative, we need positive and as I say, we need to stick together and everybody needs to make sure that when they do come, they support the team and the players will respond to that and every time they do, I think we get a really good performance at home and it's a massive game for us and we need to make sure that we're going more competitive and we try and get a result. So every game is important which obviously is because of the extra fans with the one-pounds game because of their league position, does it feel like there is a little bit more on the line in this game? I just think it's one of the games now where everybody's looking forward to it. I think we've a fantastic point at Peterborough. We've won the other night, even though it's against all the short, I thought it was a tough game. The players mentality is changing and these things will help the players. I think the players, the fans who have turned up on Saturday can really spur us on and hopefully get as a victory to the desperate need. Obviously there's going to be quite a challenge with Oxford as well having big nine unbeaten themselves. Does it underline the size of the task for Bradford City, the fact that they have gone nine unbeaten yet still find themselves only a point to drift? Yeah, I think it is. I think it's a tough league. I think they've done miles, you see, of nine games unbeaten and it's going to be a challenge. We know every game is going to be the players are getting there, the strength and mental strength is the biggest thing that I can see now and we need to make sure that if the game is now, now, whatever they find, stay with us and stick with us because we need to make sure that we get a positive result. No problem. Obviously you only look to the game coming up but that bit further ahead is Christmas and not the games coming up. How important is it that you not only get the squad that you've got fit but you do try and get some other players that you've got options? Yeah, it's November now and we're not going to get many players in now. I think the players we do have we need to make sure that they stay fit and we look after them and we know it's going to be a challenge in time between now and Christmas. I have players lined up hopefully to come in in January but we need to make sure that we're still trying to get away from your allegations on as quickly as we can. I think the players are giving it everything but we all know that we're three four players shot every time I pick a team. We're asking players, I keep repeating myself we're playing positions they don't want to play in and they say it's all for the good of how we can get results up until January time and they say we'll assess it and we'll get players in who's going to help the players that we do have of here. Although you weren't here last season the picture's so much better this year that must be a pleasing thing for you that you've got a good surface to play with. I've seen a few games from last season and it was a wee bit muddy, chopy, whatever you want to call it but they're saying that clubs spent money to get it prepared and get it done right and it helps us, I think it helps everyone but they're saying we need to just make sure now we're trying to focus and we concentrate and we need to make sure between now and Christmas that we're very hard to beat, difficult to beat and they're saying you've seen that in the last few games that we've stopped conceding goals and players back, we've midfield players back now and I think over the games that we have played well it's probably a time that we've had a really strong, a loving and a strong bench. Is some of that being patient in games and not chasing it and leaving yourself on the back? I think we've got it, you've got to look where we are in the league I think we've been maybe going out early on trying to win games and then maybe being hit in a counter attack and different things so I think the players are learning and it's the biggest thing, I think you've had to fans, I want to have to get used to something, you have to be a bit more defensive but we need to be harder to break down and they have to be patient because especially at home, I think they're saying it's now and now and they're really passionate and they want you to attack all the time then something you're susceptible because most teams I want to come, I've had for now I want to sit and try and hit in a counter attack so it's been patient now So following on from that you say it's almost a pragmatic scenario you've got a fight for every point now it may not be that you can't go out to say gung-ho and just blow someone away I think it's important now we've got to make sure that we're still engaged as long as we can because we do have players who can score goals I think the fitness level is getting better we're organised now and as I say getting Paul Cadasen gives that a bit of extra cover because we have been struggling for players to play on that side of the pitch You can see more of balance Can you agree to bro? I think it's the first time that I've had I said Adam Chixham was playing and made a back three I went to and also Paul Cadasen so you've got five experienced players and an experienced goalkeeper so the players in front now know that they can maybe drop you a bit more but we still need to make sure that we are difficult to beat because of where we are in the league and as I say these things don't need to probably stay the same until until January or whenever and as I say everybody needs to be patient and stick with it because as I said Peter Bartholty finds that fantastic we went in and done a professional job and maybe that's what we're going to have to do between now and Christmas You touched on that earlier about how in Doyle proven goalscore at this level it must be hugely frustrating for him because he gave a couple of decent opportunities off again the other night I think he must be frustrated that he's only got a couple of goals so far I think all straighters are next to a stone George Millers David Ball scored also against Barnsley so there's other people we need to start sharing them about but I think now that teams are playing against us and they know we do have strikers who can score and they're probably trying that a bit harder every time they play because they probably know what owns a bit of their clubs but I'm sure we keep saying before that we need to take some more players in it to complement players to help them along because he says that these are things where for the next six or seven weeks everybody just need to get their head down and work for a team and hopefully we can pick up the results because that's the main thing there Of course, I say the same thing at Peterborough he's working for a team I think everybody knows now how important it is to pick up points I think people's no selfishness but their own goals is maybe taking a backseat bridge now because they're where they are and I think these things are changing I think once you get a few results you'll probably see a lot more relaxed strikers and probably a more relaxed team playing but I've been happy with how we've competed in nearly every game but it's been a lapse of concentration in some games that's cost us points I think they've naturally put themselves under pressure they'll see their number of goals they've scored and think I've only scored that many from that many games even though they've put them in the performances so mentally they've got a place that's been quite strong in them I think you have but you've got to look at recruitment and the winners so any of your questions people keep asking at OneDoyle they don't get any winners so you don't get any supply so the recruitment's ought to be desired and it says when I'm still picking teams then I'm still three, four players short of how I want to play and I think your fans have got to be patient because they're looking at it now we don't have anybody who can play we've got to try and find systems to fit people who we can play into your team to make sure we can get a structure on the field and that is difficult but these things will change as I say once you're trying to come How long do you think you've got a balance in the squad and you get the squad sort of so it's not January that's certainly not so it's January there's nothing else I can do if you sort of feel I mean I know it's not easy just say flick a switch and I'll go bang but are you sort of keeping constantly on top of them so they're there and bubbling under ready yeah of course of course as I say come January time people make sure that we're ready to come in I'm hoping we play the first game in January first that there's new signings in the team I'm not going to wait until January opened and then trying to get players in it needs to be done so when we play the first game in January first that hopefully there's four or five new faces in the team yeah yeah as I say it's these things now that's what I can do to January I just have to go along and it's not any detriment to your players it's just the recruitment and the way it's been done so these things make it difficult for nothing else David what's your assessment of Oxfords United going into the Saturday's game yeah I think they've been fantastic I think they've went on from really where my league they've got an attacking squad of players and they can hit you in the counter attacking that's one thing that we need to be careful of in Saturday and we spoke about the valley parade sleepout on Tuesday do you have any words of encouragement for those sleeping out tonight yeah I know it's for a great cause I think anybody that's doing it is really positive I think it's great that a club of valley don't begin to do it so it's a fantastic thing and it's for a great charity and I think a lot more people should take a lot more away on the sort


Hi everyone, my name is Axon Gomez. I am a web developer from Paris located in Czech Republic and working for Showmax where I do front-end development. So we have an SDOD service for South Africa, basically catered for the specific needs of the region, mainly the fact that internet there is not unlimited, it's not cheap and we have a service that's adapted for that. Also I'm self-taught, so if you have any questions on what it's like being self-taught developer, you can talk to me after the talk. There's lots of specifics to that and also when I'm not at work, I like to know that about decentralization and that's actually why I'm here today. But first I need to give you a bit of context. So imagine it's 2007, 2008, you have that big global crisis with the subprimes started in the US and it spread out in the whole world and people were fed up by banks. They were fed up by the current economical system at the time and you had a few people that wanted to create an alternative system which would be decentralized. The problem is fundamentally this is really, really, really hard because money is not files. So if we have a file system in peer to peer, I show you a file, so I have the file, you have the file, we both have it, it's not a problem. Now imagine we want to do the same with money, that's fundamentally different because if I give you cash, I'm not supposed to have the cash anymore. So there's this whole notion of memory, you want to avoid double spend, you want to track where the money is going and with computers that's actually really hard because computers seemingly cannot do that and that's why people are relying on third parties. So either banks or PayPal, they have their own proprietary system that takes care of that in some way, we don't know how, but they handle that. And the solution to that was actually blockchain with Bitcoin, so it celebrated its 10 years recently, and it had three characteristics. It was decentralized, immutable, and it was also trustless. And that's what made blockchain, blockchain and that's what made digital money possible. So I want you to actually understand something, is that blockchain and Bitcoin was not about money. I know that everyone would be, wow, that's money revolution, and it was money revolution, but it was mainly a revolution in consensus, which is something that actually never, ever, ever existed with computers as far as I know. Correct me if I'm wrong, but before blockchain, there was no way to achieve consensus in peer-to-peer networks. And so the solution was actually three components, miracle trees, peer-to-peer and a native currency. So miracle trees, they're a very specific form of binary trees, which is basically a hash table. Again, I'm not a computer science guy, so I won't be able to tell you more into details what a miracle tree is, unfortunately, but I can tell you that verifying a hash in miracle trees is very easy. So you basically go through only the leaves that you need to verify, and it makes the verification of a hash easy. However, if you want to calculate what's in the Bitcoin and blockchain system, it's called magic number. It's really, really, really hard to do, and that's called hashing or mining, and that's the notion of proof of work that you have in blockchain systems. Then you have peer-to-peer, which makes the network more secure. As my users are running nodes, censorship is impossible. The whole system is decentralized and is trustless, and it's 100% resilient. So there is zero downtime in these systems. And of course, there is also this native currency notion, and that's what makes Bitcoin money. It's because there is Bitcoin, which is the native currency of Bitcoin as a system. Now, what if I told you that it's actually possible to use this technology not only for money, but for decentralized applications? And that's actually what Ethereum is about. So to quote Vitalik Buterin, the creator of Ethereum, Ethereum is a change in the way we interact with each other. So Bitcoin was actually a revolution for money, and Ethereum intended to be a revolution in digitally enforceable agreements. So it was invented by this guy, Vitalik Buterin. It went live in 2015. This guy was actually very, very active in the Bitcoin community, in the forums. He was invested in it. And at the time, Bitcoin was just Bitcoin, meaning that there were maybe a few folks with change of difficulty. But that was it. He didn't have much more to it. And this guy was like, wait, we have this amazing system. Why should we just do money with it? There's no point in that. And so he had this idea that you could do consensus for everything, anything you can think about. So it's decentralized, the same way Bitcoin is. It has also a native currency, the same way that Bitcoin has, except here it's really a way to pay for computational power. It's not revolving around money, if you will. It's part of a grander thing, grandestack, called a wet tree. I'll talk to you about that later.  So smart contracts, they're actually the main components in Ethereum. They're on a higher level, some digitally enforceable agreements, digitally enforceable contracts that perform transactions with no third party. And when I say transactions, you can think of it as a state machine. So one way I've read on the Internet to name Ethereum was transaction-based state machine. So it's the same thing as a state machine, except you pay for it. And yes, so these smart contracts, it's code that runs on the EVM, a term virtual machine. It's bytecode, and it will be compiled down from some higher level languages, such as Solidity, which is the most popular one. Viper, which is also another one, but it's not very popular. And maybe someday it could be even another language, because there is currently E-wasm under development, which is Web Assembly flavor for Ethereum. So same way in five years, three years from now, we'll be maybe able to write web apps in even Rust, if you want, or any language or go. Maybe you'll be able to do the same with smart contracts. Now, smart contracts, one thing to understand is that the usage is your imagination. That's your imagination. But it shouldn't be used for anything, either. So it can be used to create decentralized autonomous organizations, which are entities that run without any central authority and which are ruled by code. You can create supply chains, so they're actually big retailers in France and in Eastern Europe that track their chicken this way. It's a thing. You can do identity verification, so you have a few services that do that. Also, Estonia has this e-residency program where you can actually be a citizenship of Estonia. You can apply today if you want to. And they use blockchain for verification of identity. Switzerland also did some trails in that, because they're actually really big on the blockchain. And you can also trade cute kittens. That was the thing, and that was very, very big last year. It's actually a thing. There was millions and millions of actual money that went into that. You can trade digital assets. Now you have a whole new kind of decentralized exchange powered by something called ZeroX, which is a set of smart contracts on Ethereum, which allow for decentralized exchange of digital assets. You can do voting if you want. And really, if you have any idea where you need consensus or you need a mutability, then blockchain might be a fit. And Ethereum might be a fit. But again, one thing to understand is that it's only the consensus layer.  And he had all these crazy projects popping out of nowhere. And for the most part, actually, there was no actual use case for blockchain for Ethereum. So Ethereum is amazing, but it's not fit for anything, because currently it's a thousand times slower than current systems. Sorry, it's a million times slower. And there is a change that's in the works. So there is some update planned for this year, actually, that will make it only a thousand times slower. But still, that's really slow. And not only it is slow, but it's also really, really, really expensive to run code there. So the whole idea is that on the blockchain, you will only run what needs to be run on the blockchain, which is usually a very, very tiny part of your logic. You don't want to put your business logic on it. You want to leave that for your, let's say, classical front end or back end. So all of you with this kitten's image. And I'll explain to you in a second what this is about. So actually, CryptoKitties, it's a very good way to understand what should be put on the blockchain. Because if you go to the GitHub and you try to read the CryptoKitties smart contracts, and you see, for example, the struct for Kitty, you will see that it's essentially just some U-ints. So for those, by the way, we don't know CryptoKitties. It went viral last year. You could buy and sell Kitties on the blockchain. And they were unique. They had their own characteristics. And not only that, but there was also a notion of scarcity, meaning they were rare by nature. And they were also unique by nature because they were part of something called ERC 271. It's gibberish to say basically non-fangible token. Meaning that if I send you one ERC 271 token and you send me one back, they will be different. They won't be the same. And so to come back to that, this Kitty, you can see there's just a U-int. So it's a set of U-ints with genes, birth time, generation. And when some guy actually paid a million or something for Generation Zero kitten with a he-boat was literally 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 U-ints. That's it. He paid a million of dollars to buy 8 U-ints. That sounds crazy. And that's because actually currently the way blockchain and Ethereum works is you will have your heavy logic done off-chains on classical systems. And for true decentralization nerds, that might come as a bit of a blocker because essentially what you have is you don't have fully decentralized applications. And let's say CryptoKitties, tomorrow they decide to change their logic. Well, you don't have a kitten anymore. You have just a set of U-ints, which is worth nothing. But that's a limitation at the time. Actually, there are ways to solve that. So WebTree is part, is actually a grander thing. So it's also a name for a stack, which is composed of consensus layers, storage layer, and messaging layer. So this Ethereum swarm and whisper, they're the official stack for WebTree. The idea is to give the data back to the hands of the users. And it represents a total change of paradigm in the way you think of your web apps or mobile apps. You can also have additional services there. For example, if you want to have decentralized DNS, there's something called Ethereum name service, which is actually already production ready and supported by most Ethereum browsers. So you can have decentralized name services. That's also a thing. If you want to change storage, if you want to not use swarm, but use IPFS, for those of you here that know IPFS, you can. No problem. But yeah, one thing to understand again is that Ethereum is just the consensus layer. And probably the reason why you're here is that you want to know how you can interact with the blockchain on your browser. And for that, there's a library called WebTree.js. So it's a client to interact with the Ethereum blockchain. It can be used actually on the browser. Or you can use it with Node.js or anything you want. It's not the only one. You have also clients in Python and lots of languages. But this thing, WebTree.js, actually, as you probably know, browsers, they can only run JavaScript at the moment. So if you want to talk with blockchain on your browser, you'll use this thing, WebTree.js. It's async, which means it's promise-based. So you can use even async await or things like that if you want. It fits perfectly with modern frameworks, like React or Vue. And one thing to consider with this WebTree.js is that you can do anything. You can do read operations, or you can do transactions, which are essentially a state change. However, if you want to do transactions on behalf of the user, you probably should not do it straight from your application with WebTree.js. And the reason for that is actually really simple. It's security. So if user inputs his private key, then your application will have the private key, and that's a potential security threat. Because who's to say, my application is safe? Who's to say I'm not going to steal your private key and possibly millions? So for that, there is actually something that goes with WebTree.js. It's in second layers, if you will. So the most popular is Metamask. It's a Chrome extension. It's very popular. It's under development. It changes really rapidly. So I really advise you to try it. So you will install it on Chrome. Or if you use the Brave browser, it's installed there by default. Otherwise, if you're on mobile, you can use mobile Ethereum browsers. It's the same logic. They will have WebTree.js injected into it. So you have three of them. You have status, cipher, and trust wallet. That's three that I put there, but it's actually many more. There is Opera, which also has WebTree.js into it. So if you go on Opera Mobile, there is Crypto Wallet there. You can interact with smart contracts there. And yeah, so that's it for the presentation. And now I'm going to show you how to actually have a contract, deploy a contract, and interact with a contract. Actually, for those who want to try it live, you can go to this link here, which I'll probably put back like that. So you can go to this link. It will contain a guest, which you can paste on a website called Remix IDE. So remix.etherium.org. And you can paste the content of this guest there, and you can follow live. So also, if you want to try that live, I advise you to install Metamask. I'm not sure what's the connection here if it will allow you to actually install Metamask, but you can try. Otherwise, you can just follow with me. I have it installed on this browser here. So this is a simple hello world contract. So you can see that there's a pragma defining the version of Solidity supported. There is a string, which is hello, which is what we will actually write on the blockchain. There is the address owner, which is something that you would usually do here. We don't use it, but it's always a good idea to track who deployed the contract initially. So if you want to have something like a kill switch or anything retrieving funds, it's a good idea to always know what's the owner. And it has a simple function, say hello, that will just get the hello variable from memory. So when I say from memory, it's actually on the blockchain distributed in lots of miners around the world and lots of virtual machines. And you have another function, set hello, which takes an argument, hello. And it's a string, and it will just set a new hello. So here, we'll actually deploy it. So hi from defconf, and if I click on deploy, I get actually that second layer I told you about. So that's metamask telling me if I want to do that transaction, yes I do. So it's not actual money, by the way, it's on testnet. So it won't cost me anything, and it won't cost you anything. And if you want to try it, if you want to try a testnet, by the way, you have four sets where you can have free money that's not worth anything because it's a testnet. And so here, you can see that my contract is now deployed. I can see the here. And if I want to say hello, so do a read operation. I do it, it should be really fast actually because read operations are a bit faster. And here you go, hi from defconf CZ, that didn't cost me anything. So if you want to do this sort of operation, you can do it from your web apps. You don't even need metamask. However, if you want to do things like, well, set hello, which is do an actual transaction. So an actual state change. So a state change. Then you can see that it's actually a paid operation because it's a transaction. And that's where the second layer metamask will come into play. So I confirm it. So this is actually propagating in the testnetwork. So this is a copy of the actual network and think of it as like a staging for blockchain. And so now I have a new hello on blockchain on this contract and you can see state change. So this is actually on the testnet. And if you take this contract number, this contract address, you can actually get this variable today. You'll be able to read it for free. If you want to set anyone, you'll have to pay for it. So it's on testnet so you can have free money again. Now this was on the remix ID, which is a web ID to write contracts or deploy contracts or interact with contracts. It's actually injected with WebTree. Same way your web apps would be. Now, of course, if you want to use it from a web app, then you will need that WebTree client I told you about. So it would look something like this. So you would import WebTree. So this is JavaScript. You would import WebTree. You would declare in your constant WebTree, which is an instance of WebTree with the current provider in the window, which is MetaMask actually. You would get the account from that MetaMask. And then you would call, and there's actually a typo here, so that wouldn't work, but let's say the E was not capital E. You would actually call the methods on your contracts. You would get the say hello method. You would call it with minimum way. So it's actually some gas. It's money that you will pay for the transaction. The more you pay, the faster your transaction would be. And then you would send that. So you choose to send it from accounts at position zero at index zero, which is the first account in the MetaMask Chrome extension of the user. Again, you don't have to use MetaMask, but that's for security off. If they use, for example, Cypher on mobile status.im, that would be also the first account there. So that's for actually interacting with it on the browser. And if you want to explore that a bit further, I really advise you to first read Vitalik Buterin's talk. The guy is seriously a genius. It's really interesting to read and hear. BlogGigs, it's also a nice resource. Subscription-based, a bit more expensive than Egghead. For those who know about Egghead, base-worth it, in my opinion. Otherwise, if you just want to get started, Stephen Gridder's course on Udemy is really good. It's $10. It's something like 12 hours or even more of resources. And it's probably not up to date. But then if that picked your interest, then you can just explore further and read the Solidity Dogs and really know the latest spec. Another good way to learn about Ethereum is to use Gitcoin. So it's an open-source platform where you can participate on bug bounties. You would work on tasks for open-source projects in the blockchain and you will actually get paid with cryptocurrency. So in my opinion, it's a pretty good way to learn because you will participate on open-source. You will get paid. So it's a win. And that's it for me. So thank you very much for listening. And if you have any questions, you can come and discuss with me after the talk or you can find me on Twitter.


common law marriage But yeah in other states we've looked into it too because every time we go to taxis and we're like Hey, man, are we considered just married by comp? No because because obviously for tax purposes There have been times we wanted to file together because we would have got a bigger return if we if we did And there's there's always like a bonus the first year you file while married Especially if you have kids together Um, I don't know why they give you a bonus I think it's because they want to see the government wants to see People who have children actually end up together because it's best for the kids So I think that's why there's like this extra marriage bonus But the first year Don lewis 999. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah Oh, baby. Oh, this was a 999. So like I kind of wish we'd see 3ds games on switch We're on a so one game. I'd like to see a steel diver sub wars Dude steel diver nice man. We got to call the stream quitzer in a moment. Let me get this shot all the way that I've been avoiding I'm not going to do a shot for years down. I'm sorry. Uh, because I have a I have a big boy. Um Don hulu you're about to hit right now, but I do appreciate the support.  Hopefully you guys had a fun tonight, right tomorrow night. We play a game I know my game streams get less views Oh, well I'm probably probably leaning towards super mario party. But we'll see we'll see. Well, I might do something else. We'll see I also had this itch to like play project triangle try project triangle strategy, but it's not multiplayer So I probably won't do it on live stream But cheers guys Good night, everybody Have a fun Rest of your night. I'm going to drink this and probably try to go to sleep because He'll uh Why it's like poison Why? Oh man, it's like poison That's like poison All right guys have a good night Catch you at my live stream tomorrow. Uh, the video that I was going to have come out tonight is not going to come out tonight It'll come out early morning We'll do a double video tomorrow plus live stream. Uh, the video is already ready. It's already edited and everything So, uh, that video will come out in the morning And I'll have another video come out later in the day and then we'll do our live stream for Playing some games tomorrow night. You guys are great.  No, no carl carl We hit so sometimes I do if we hit a hundred dollars in total super chats I will do it. We had a hundred and eleven dollars and fifty one cents tonight. So That was um, why we why we did that. All right guys. Peace out. Have a good evening Oh, thank you to everyone who super chatted and became members tonight. I guess, um, I eat barrels of farts It's funny. Um Al V Let's see J. Lo lax Our new members Kathy silent. I love you and michael angelo by the way Oh, wait, we have more new members coming the eighth arc nintendo academy Uh new members nintendo academy and switch top rick rubicon eric windsnut stebb and don lewis Those are all the people who super chatted or became members tonight. Thank you so much. I think we're six members away From 50. Uh, so we'll talk about that tomorrow as well because who knows maybe we'll hit our extra six members tomorrow And then we're on our way to to hundo for the next big member only giveaway You guys are sweet and I'll catch you in the next video slash live stream


Thought I'd do a little city park for a change of pace my confluence park here in San Antonio Today we're going to talk about rules of implication and Truth tables are great. They're a nice mechanical way of demonstrating validity But truth tables don't necessarily tell you the steps that you take with some of these premises It looks downright mysterious how you get from the premises to the conclusion Uh We'll use the rules of implication To show the steps these steps of inference from these premises to the conclusion and what these rules tell us to tell us is What sort of? Proposition we can infer From other propositions Well, the first rule we're going to deal with is called modus ponens Monus ponensis is about as straightforward as a rule of implication as it gets um It's you know composed of two Propositions or premises one's a conditional And one is the assertion or the second is the assertion of the antecedent So remember a conditional is composed of the antecedent the consequent and the antecedent is sufficient for the consequent Meaning if the antecedent is true the consequent must be true And when we assert the antecedent we can infer the consequent Like I said very straightforward So uh to use an example we've used repeatedly If my pet is a dog then my pet is a mammal. Let's say that's our first premise My second premise or second proposition is my pet is a dog We can infer from those two propositions. My pet is a mammal And we use the rule modus ponens to make that inference Now in this course, we're going to be Uh creating formalized arguments, right? We're going to label the premises And we're going to show what steps we take to get Uh from the premises to the conclusion in this case, we only have one but don't think that every As a matter of fact, very few of the arguments we're going to look at have only one step But let's just deal with this one right now, right so In formalizing our arguments just like we had rules for our truth tables We're going to have rules for our uh for these for for these uh for the rules of application Okay, so rule 10 Continuing our list rule 10 Provide the sequent first So in our formalization, we're going to write the sequent. Let's just deal with the same argument So the you know we're not getting lost anywhere, right? And our sequent has two premises or the conditional p greater than symbol q that represents a p than q That's the first premise. We have our comma then the second premise is we have the assertion that they've seen That's just quite simply p So we put if p then you know p than q comma p and we have our two vertical lines And we have q That's our argument. All right That's rule 10 rule 11 It's a number each line each proposition in our form in our argument Okay, that's rule 10. So just keep that in mind. We're always going to have line numbers for each each of our uh For our argument for each step Rule 12 says to label or cite provide a citation For our premises and the citation we'll use will be the letter a Could have used p for premise, but that would probably have been more confusing All right, since we have p all over the place. So we'll use letter a and let's say stands for assumption Okay, so line one We have p greater than symbol q And we're going to cite a right this we did and what a means is we didn't infer it from anything We're starting with this Okay line two we have p and again we cite it with a So we fulfilled rules 11 and 12 we've numbered our lines And uh 12 we provide the citation namely the letter a okay Next step is we're going to infer q from our first two premises And this brings us to rule 13 Rule 13 says that we cite in our citation We got q right In citation first we provide the line numbers from which we made that inference and in this case, it's 1 comma 2 comma 1 comma 2 comma and we'll put a space And then we provide the rule that we're using and in this case, it's modus ponens and we're abbreviate modus ponens with mp okay Like I said, you probably think well, this is a no-brainer and it is It's it's about as straightforward as it gets as far as the rule of implications concerned But that's also why I start first Helps us get us helps get us started. So that's modus ponens. Let's take a look at the rest of the rules All right, the next rule of implication that we have is modus tolens and modus tolens Again uses a conditional Fp, thank you. But instead of asserting the antecedent, we deny the consequence Instead of asserting the antecedent, we deny the consequence. So, uh, for instance, we can go back to My pet is a dog and my pet is a mammal Well, let's try something sound this time, right? If my pet is an iguana then my pet is a reptile, right? Okay, so that's still a true condition If my pet is an iguana then my pet is a reptile Well, it you know, it's false that my pet is a reptile It's false. My pet is a reptile. So it's false that my pet is an iguana So as before we're going to follow our rules For a formalization We're going to have line one. Uh, it's the additional fp than q Line two We're going to have the denial of the consequence And remember use that little minus sign on our keyboard for the denial of the consequence for for, you know negation excuse me negation And we label we cite both with a Right. Oh, I forgot about the sequencer. I got to make sure you put the sequence in there You know p than q comma negation of q two vertical lines negation of p Thus line one and two with our citation. We're going to use a is our citation Line three Is where we make our inference of negation of p We have our inference at line three, but we're also going to provide our site or our citation, right? We got we made this inference from line one and two We have comma, you know one comma two comma no space right between the numbers in the comma one comma two comma Then there's a space right space between the last comma and the citation rather than the other rule use and we'll use m t to For abbreviation for modus tolens So that's modus ponens and modus tolens Now I want to offer a little word of caution here. We're talking about an invalid inference Back with modus ponens. We assert the antecedent to infer the consequence and that's just fine but You know, don't think that you can assert the consequent and then infer the antecedent, right? That's an invalid inference Uh, so for instance, let's try this right We'll use the conditional we just talked about if my pet is an iguana. Then my pet is a reptile Okay, or let's try this.  All right Uh, well, let's have the uh assertion of the consequence Yeah, uh, my pet is a mammal By the way, we've got two true premises If my pet's a cat then my pet's a mammal and my pet's a mammal We have two premises and from this we infer that a pet is a cat Well, I think my dog will be very upset about that accusation So no, this this is an invalid inference. We've got two true Propositions We've affirmed, you know by trying to affirm the consequence. We we infer the antecedent We infer the antecedent but then we get something false and then my pet is a cat So this is an invalid inference and it's a classic error in logic called affirming the consequent Now affirming the consequent is not valid affirming the consequent is not valid and then by inferring the antecedent, right? Similarly, right that's affirming the consequent and it kind of looks like modus ponens, but it's a mistake, right? It's a mistake Similarly, we've got denying the antecedent So let's take our true conditional if my pet's a dog I'm sorry, we take that conditional if my pet is a cat then my pet's a mammal. All right That's true Second premise my pet is not a cat This is also true, right? This is also true. My pet's not a cat But then from this we infer that my pet is not a mammal Right, that's another error and reason we've got two true premises and a false conclusion Two true premises and a false conclusion. So that's not going to work Okay, well golly. So we got modus ponens. We got modus tolens These are two good rules of inference And we talked about two errors two formal formal errors and reason affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent Well, let's keep going with our rules of implication We're going to cover two more Okay, so far we've looked at two rules of implication and two errors and reason right two formal fallacies Uh, let's take a look at another rule of implication again using conditional But instead of just one conditional and you know either the assertion of the antecedent or the now the consequent Uh, we're going to have a second conditional Now hypothetical soldierism Allows us to infer a further conditional But you know there's a cat. So we got two conditionals and we infer a third The catch is this the consequent of one conditional has to also be the antecedent of another So Let's stick with my dog My favorite topic for this logic course my favorite topic with logic course my dog Uh, if my pet's a dog then my pet's a mammal That's true. And what's also true is if my pet is a mammal Then my pet is uh endothermic, which means warm-blooded It regulates regulates warm-body temperature Well, so we had those two conditionals and uh, let's by the way, let's formalize these right using our rules that we studied before for formalizing premises We have fp then q is our first premise And then if q then r for our second premise And from this we're going to infer if my pet's a dog then my pet is endothermic all right, so uh We have just setting up our sequent right following our rules to start off our formalization. We have our sequent p, you know greater than symbol q comma Then we have q greater than symbol r We have our two vertical lines and from this we infer p greater than symbol r Well, let's uh, uh, put it into our symbolized argument our formal argument We have fp then we have our line one p greater than symbol q And again following our rules give the citation a Then we have q greater than symbol r And that's line two greater q greater than symbol r again. We have our citation a And then lastly we have our inference once again. We have p greater than symbol r And uh, we have our lines right following rule 13 We get our two lines one comma two comma space and for hypothetical syllogism We cite the rule h a abbreviate the rule h s So as three rules have been for its modus potens modus tolins hypothetical syllogism We got one more to go So the last rule we're going to look at Using a conditional at least for this chapter. We're not more later, but at least for this chapter Is called conditional proof Now conditional proof is a little strange Because you're approving something by assuming something else Now that seems odd I you know, I can't just I can't just go around assuming that You know unicorns exist for the sake of what validating Tokens claims about unicorns if you made any I don't really know if you did That that's a bad idea But uh, well we we can still prove something by making an assumption And you know, believe it or not you already do this, right? So if you've ever had a discussion with somebody And what uh, they were wanting to talk about let's just say bigfoot right say they're talking about bigfoot And you don't think bigfoot exists Um, but you say something like this well assume for the sake of argument that bigfoot exists Well, that you're making an assumption in order to prove something else You say assume for the sake of argument that bigfoot exists Then his feet would be substantially or bigfoot's feet would be substantially bigger than any human beings foot Uh, but it would retain the same bone structure since in all likelihood Uh, this bigfoot is a you know, uh, as a has a common ancestor with uh, homo sapiens Okay Suppose that's what well, you know, then what you're doing there is you're creating a conditional if bigfoot exists then what?  Okay So, uh, you know, you're not saying bigfoot exists, but assume for the sake of argument that bigfoot exists Well, this is this is and you're not saying bigfoot exists, right? You're not saying bigfoot exists All you're doing is saying that certain things follow on the assumption that bigfoot exists certain things are implied On the assumption that bigfoot exists. Okay So we uh, do this in formal reasoning. It's called a conditional proof And then you're you're inferring a conditional right using the rules of implication to infer a conditional We've already seen one rule that does this Well hypothetical syllogism now hypothetical syllogism is great for inferring conditionals But sometimes you don't have the necessary conditionals in the argument In order to make the inference using hypothetical syllogism so, uh You know, maybe you have to create your own And you can create your own conditionals Given what you already have in an argument using conditional proof all right So to do this right, let's try this argument. Let's try this sequent uh fp then q Now From this It's probably pretty clear, but you know, let's say it anyway. This is real simplest simplest thing Let's let's try this you know if my dog if my pet is a dog then my pet's a mammal. We've been using that Well from that conditional another one follows Uh, if my pet is not a mammal then my pet is not a dog Now that that should be pretty straightforward. I mean you're looking over modus tollens and like, yeah, I mean I see that I get that But notice, right? We don't have the denial of the consequence In order to therefore conclude that my pet's not a dog And by the way, that would be an invalid inference, right? If we conclude if my pet's a dog and my pet's a mammal my pet's Not a dog will somehow make that inference. We've done something invalid because like I said my pet's a dog. Okay But we can still conclude that conditional And we do this using conditional proof so Here's what the sequence looks like If p then q It's a one premise argument p greater than simple q double vertical line not q Greater than not p If p then q therefore If not q then not p Now you look at this like whoa, hold on a second Um, that's it. We only get one premise. You only get one premise But we could do this using conditional proof so Um, let's start let's start the argument, right? So we got rule 10 We put our sequence at the top of our formalized argument Rule 11. We're numbering our premises rule 12. We have our single proposition our single piece of evidence of p Then q we place it there and we have the citation a That tells us that it's our premise. Well, what do we do next? Well We want to prove this conditional if not q then not p In order to do this, um, we're gonna have to make an assumption Now you might wonder what assumption can I make can I make just any assumption? Let's assume not r Well, you can't do that. It's supposed to be not going to do much with it right Well, you know, we want to prove the conditional if not q then not p so to do that We assume not q so, you know, here's a little clue if you're going to use conditional proof to prove a conditional Or to infer a conditional you start by assuming the antecedent So we have our line two here We have our antecedent, you know, we It's the antecedent that conditionally you want to prove right not q. That's our assumption Now you don't just assume if not q then not p therefore are proven using conditional proof. No, that's not what's happening You have to make an assumption and infer something from it in order to infer the conditional So we have our assumption not q but we don't cite it as a Right, that would be a mistake. That would list it as one of our premises And we're setting up modus tollans, right? That's not what we're doing We start with uh, we have not q but we cite it as a c p Which is going to be short for assume for the sake of conditional proof Okay So we've assumed it for the sake of conditional proof What now will we draw an inference from it? Well, we're drawing inference from it and Uh, what are we going to infer? We're going to infer not p We're going to infer not p And we'll use lines one and two And our rule would be a modus tollans Okay, so we're using modus tollans with ink conditional proof and in all likelihood you're going to have to I don't know what you could assume or what you could prove just by making an assumption You have to use something else along the way. Okay So, uh, we have we started with an assumption not q We made an inference from it not p All right, so what do we do now? Well, that's our conditional, right? That's going to be our condition was started with the assumption not q So we put our conditional in there not q then we have a greater than symbol Not p All right, and we did this Using our assumption at line two So this is the way the citation for conditional proof works the first number Is the number where you made the assumption? The second number Is the number where you drew your inference? Or the line where you drew your inference? And the rule cited will be c p Now I just a little word of warning It's not going to be always going to be the case that The that what you infer is going to happen immediately after there might be some steps in between Uh, and you might use a variety of different rules, but we're you know so far we're kind of limited. We only have a couple at this point, right? Now you might worry That uh, you know, we could just start concluding You know not q since we made that assumption. Well, you can't right? You can't just do Yeah, if you're going to infer anything From that assumption, it's got to be included You know, it's got to be included in you know in that whole line of reasoning, right? And the last bit of that line of reasoning has always always always got to be the consequent And your inference Your conclusion that it's got to be the uh that conditional where the assumption is the antecedent and that last bit of inference is the consequent Okay, so we've got four Rules of you've got four rules of implication modus ponens modus tollens hypothetical syllogism conditional proof Now you're going to want to use these correctly in order to make valid inferences, right? You have to make valid inferences Um, and we'll go we'll go over some problems in class


And now an Ig Nobel Prize favorite moment with Maria Ferrante and then it began. Hi Ig folk, Maria Ferrante here. I've been with the Ig's for over a decade now and one of my favorite memories is my first time doing it coming on stage. I wasn't feeling so well and I had striped socks on and I was with Ben Sears and the lights went up and the people started cheering and the airplanes and the band and all the different components came together like a ginormous wedding. It was one of the most spectacular moments of theater that I've had and I'll never forget it and I just can't wait till all together and doing it again. The Ig Nobel Prizes honor achievements that make people laugh then think. This historic Ig Nobel favorite moment video stars Maria Ferrante who starred in many of the Ig Nobel operas. The 30th first annual Ig Nobel Prize ceremony will be webcast September 17th, 2020. Details about the Ig Nobel Prizes can be found at www.improbable.com


Hi everybody it's Sam at Mixed Up Craft thank you for watching my tutorial today I've got this really lovely very cute explosion box it's using the free downloadable papers by Trimcraft and on one of the printouts that you can get they've got this lovely A4 sheet of some cutouts and one of them is this one you're the bomb and it's a tag and as soon as I saw it I thought yeah I know what I want to do this you know use it with what project so I've decorated the box with all the other papers you've got the love ones there with the hearts and I've used the holographic dovecraft mirrored cardstocks you can see all the wonderful rainbow colors that it picks up there which is great really nice bow and just a little flower there and then basically you just take the lid off and this happens and they're just so fun now I have done a graduation cap one which I've done a couple of years ago and I'll share the link to that style because again you know you might want to do it a different theme or you know just just have a look at some other you know ways to do them so that one like I said will be linked up there for you but this is my valentine's themed one so really really pleased with it and inside it has a lovely bath bomb gift so this is the wild rose by bomb cosmetics and they do beautiful bath bombs really really nice and I just thought how lovely does this all go together so you can use when we get to that but depending on what size circle you die cut here will depend on the size I guess of your bath bomb so I had some smaller bath bombs which I've made but they just looked a bit lost so these ones here I purchased and I just think it's a really nice way to to obviously give these as a gift and it sits perfectly in there now what I am going to do is pop a couple of glue dots just again I guess if it's being transported just to stop the risk of that falling out but otherwise it sits in there really nicely then you've got your four sides here so this one I've added a little greeting card so this is a two and a half by two and a half small card so you can write your little message in there and it's again using the same holographic cardstock and I just die cut one of my little love dies and then I've just with my hot glue popped a little ball dog clip just there in the pink and then I've just gone around you know that's from the cutouts the free downloads again all the papers in here this is another die it just says all my love and I've just added some flowers on there and again you can see there and then the butterflies again I've died cut three of them so there's the white in between and then there's the base and then the detail and I've got a little gemstone in the middle and then I've done this heart effect on the sides and you just fold up your sides like so and then the lid will fit perfectly on the top and it's a reinforced lid so it's very very strong and again I just think they make lovely gifts and as I've always said you can make this for anything you want so although mine's Valentine's you know happy birthday like I said the graduation one that I've done all kinds of things so let's crack on and make it so this is the other bomb really again like I said this is the the rose wild rose um I'll share links to where I got these from and the the kind of I guess cream in the center there is actually sheer butter and the lady said that when that's in the bath it just becomes really nice and soft and it's like a nice like almost cream for your skin and then you get the rose leaves and petals just floating on the top so yeah really really lovely that one okay so I've already gone ahead and die cut out another one of the tickets there or the tag and what I've just gone ahead and done is kind of you want to create like a wave effect so on the end I just kind of you know curve it one way with my folder here and then in the middle kind of go the opposite way and then on the end go back out again the other way so you just created this kind of wave and I think it just makes that kind of tag look I don't know just just looks quite good and it's kind of how a tag would really sit I guess I'm thinking of like the old school style ones but yeah so I've just done that one and then I've already gone ahead and die cut all those same bits and pieces ready to stick in place so there's my little peg I've put a little bow on this one and again that's already there and I'll show you how to get that stuck down I'll go through the measurements of that card as well so don't worry I've got my little flowers there I've got my bow for the top deces and all the other bits right so for the main actual case you will need one piece of 12 by 12 cardstock so this is the do crafts colossal 216 gsm cardstock and I've just got this really lovely pink color and again it matches and complements really well with the papers that I'm using so that's what you need there I'm going to keep that on there while I go through these measurements for the very top mat so this is actually going on the lid here the mirrored cardstock so the biggest piece is three and three quarters squared and then the piece on top is three and a half inches squared okay so that's for the top of the lid and that's going to have my ticket on the top and my bow and so on all right so decide what you want to do there then you're going to need eight pieces of the measurements I'm going to give you now and this is to mat all the four sides on the outside and all the four sides on the inside so the white piece here is three and three quarters the mirrored cardstock which is the second layer is three and a half inches squared and then the one on top of that so the pattern paper is three inches squared sorry start again they drop down in quarter of an inch increments so the white one is three and three quarters the mirrored cardstock is three and a half inches squared and the smaller one the patterned one is three and a quarter squared so like I said you want eight of them but what I've done is I've done four with the hearts which is going to go inside and then I've done four with the love which will go on the outside okay so again it's up to you if you want to do them all the same you might want to do every one different you might want to put photos on the inside so there's lots and lots of ways to do it then this piece here is to decorate the top of the kind of platform that the bath bomb sits in in the middle this is optional you can keep the card you can keep it plain white which I'll show you in a moment or you can add this piece so if you do decide to add it this is three and a half inches squared okay then for that little like I said platform that the bath bomb sits in this is a piece of five and three quarters by five and three quarters and this is the white um paper mill direct 300 gsm smooth cardstock I'm just using this for everything at the moment but that's that and then to decorate the sides of your lid you'll need four pieces and this is the mirrored cardstock again so it's three quarters of an inch by get this one in here it's because I'm doing it on top of this card by three and three quarters and then the one on top grab my ruler here it is three and a half by half okay so again four of those and then for the little card like I said this was a two and a quarter two and a half by two and a half so it's a piece of five by two and a half and along the five inch side you just want to score at two and a half fold it in half and you'll have that and then on the top here this is two and a quarter by two and a quarter pattern paper and then again I've just finished it off with that little sentiment so that is all the measurements the circle and all that lot I'm going to go through and give you the sizes once we get to it so using our cardstock here grab my stylus so really simple scoring all you want to do is score at four and eight and then rotate your cardstock and again score at four and eight okay remove your scoreboard now you can do this next bit you can either fold freehand or you can use your ruler and stylus I prefer to use my ruler and stylus just because I think you get a much crisper nicer score line as opposed to just folding it freehand and what we're going to do is we're going to concentrate on the four outer squares and we're going to score from here to the outside and then here to the outside and then here to the outside and here to the outside so the middle square all four corners of that middle square that's where you're starting from and just scoring out so we're going to create a score line through the half you know of these squares here so if I just show you you want to make sure that you get it from point to point so it's always best to put your stylus down and then your ruler but can you see now so there's my middle square top right of that one I've gone all the way up to the top right of that outer square okay so top right of this square which is the bottom left of this one you can see what you're doing you're just going right across you just want to do that in every one so again this one here okay so that's what you should have and just pick up the light there there we go so this is the top one and then if I rotate and you've got the same with those ones all right let's see there just where they're coming out so now what we want to do is burnish all of our score lines so just go along doing all the straight ones first okay and then these outer ones here this is basically going to be the box coming in so these ones you want to bring up so you can just see your score line coming through you just want to fold them like so and then what I do is I fold them back out that way as well okay but do it outwards first it might help you better so you're just doing just that square on the outside you can see how easy it is to to do it because the other ones just want to kind of come up so if you fold it over and then fold that back this just automatically all comes up with it which is fine again just burnish it and then fold it out the other way just make sure you're getting really nice crisp score lines and just bring them back in just try and do them on both sides okay like so so you've kind of got this almost like a weird shaped bowl coming together like so because now this bit's optional so on my other one that I've shared up here you can now if you can remove these these four outer squares and not have them at all and you just bring up these four here so that's how I do it on the other one whereas with this one I wanted to create a heart shape so the easiest way to do it is if you fold it like this grab a pencil and you just want to roughly draw a heart half a heart so because we're folding it in half like this you can see what I'm working on and I mean you might want to download a heart you might you might be doing this on your digital cutting machines but all I'm kind of doing is coming down about one inch along this score line here and then just kind of kind of sketching that kind of effect because you've got to imagine that this is one half of your heart okay so if I just I think I'm kind of happy with that actually I'm not even going to faff about too much with it because in a minute we're going to make a template but you do kind of have to have to do this first one yourself you might have an object that you want to draw around I mean I've got a punch here just at hand but you know what I mean just as an example you're just going to just roughly do something like that all right you may just want to do a curve and just have it because what happens when you cut it that would then be just like that a half kind of circle effect it's just to create a pattern really in the corner so now if I grab my my snips holding the two together pinching the two together then you're just going to really neatly just cut this out and you're just cutting up to the score line there and then you're going to actually cut down you can just pinch it together but you're going to cut down both we can go and tidy this all up again in a minute it's like so and now when I open it I've got this heart now I've gone a bit too straight there so what I can do now because this is the one that you're kind of playing around with but I can come in a little bit more there and a little bit more there you see what I've just done you can see how that's going to look more like a heart now so again with my snips I can just just give it more of that kind of rounded heart shape because it was looking a bit straight before I'm much much happier with that okay now what you do is grab some paper pop it underneath making sure it kind of covers that whole area like so and you're going to draw around this one and basically now that means that you don't have to do this on the same one every single one okay and then cut this out so I'm just going to go in anywhere like that just cut this out you can if you want just draw it on each one you know if you want to just you know go for it and you're quite happy to do them then that's fine but if you do want to just make a little template so you know you've got an exact this is the way I found easiest to do it and again just kind of go off so you can just see what I've done now I can take this to the next one and you just want to marry up the two kind of ends here to the sides of this one so just bring them down until they meet the score line here and here which that has and then I'm just going to draw around it and the middle here should line up with the middle score line there so you just got to make sure that you get all that in the right place get any pencil marks you can rub out but now there's that one all ready to be cut go around to this one here so it's just getting that first one right and the good thing is you're using a pencil so you can rub it out so don't cut it the first one don't cut it until you're really you know 100% sure you're happy with it so you might have a heart shaped die you can pop that in there if you've got something that's big enough you just want it to go over the width of this you know kind of square there we go like so now again you can fold this in half like so and cut it out if you want but I'm going to just do it as one just because I feel a bit better doing it that way so I'm just going to go ahead and cut this all out okay so there you have it all cut out how cool does that look and I just like that I know that they're all the same now one other thing I also do as well is around all these when you cut it remove any score line that you've got on these pieces here these flat pieces get rid of any of that bulky score line because it will help when we go to close the box and put the lid on see I've got a bit there you still see where I've got the lip of that score line so I'm just going to come in just ever so slightly it's only a tiny little slither but you'll be surprised what a difference that will make when you know we go to put the lid on there we go okay it just looks much much neater so now it's just the fun part of decorating so like I said I'd already gone ahead and done all these I'm going to work from the inside first so that's my outside ones so that is going to go in there and you will have a perfect border now I've done it so that my print is facing up the right way as if you were sat in the middle here and you were to look out to all of the sides they'd all be facing you if you want to have them that way you can but I've done them so they all face in that way okay so they're going to go there we're going to make the platform for that piece and also I've just realized I haven't cut my lid there was another piece missing so I'll give you the measurement for that one in a minute anyway um so yeah so I'm going to go ahead and get these ones stuck down then if you flip it over and this is now the outside so these ones here are going to go like so again all facing that way because when we go to put it up then they'll be facing up the right way okay so you want them all going in to the center you know all the hearts you can see are all pointing down so it's going to face upright like so when we put it together so again I'm going to stick them all down okay so that's now stuck down so if I flip it back over again bring up your heart so just kind of start to work them into you know where they want to go so you're going to bring them in keep them on one side you might want to have one on one on the other fold those in you can see now when it comes up all of your outer sides are facing up the right way okay right next we want to do this platform for our little you know uh bath bomb to sit on so let's just pop that pop that behind me for the moment so you are going to need your scoreboard and you're going to score at a quarter of an inch one inch four and three quarters and five and a half then rotate your card stock and score exactly the same so quarter of an inch one inch four and three quarters and five and a half okay and then you just want to burnish all of those score lines so just be careful with your little quarter inch ones I'm just going to do those one inch ones first and then I'll go back in the ones and these are just enough just to stick it you know to the center of that explosion box plus I've done it this size so that it will fit through your smaller big shock because not everybody has the A4 machine so I try to do it so that you know everybody this will fit in your um show you my one here the six inch width plates okay okay so now we've done all of that then we want to I mean to be honest you can burnish before or after we've ran it through the machine it doesn't make too much of a difference because it's going to be stuck down I'd say if I was doing a gift box I wouldn't burnish I'd die cut first but it's not so bad in this case so I have here a circle die which has a diameter of two and three quarters but this is to fit this size bath bomb so again it's it's entirely up to you but you can see there it just sits inside all right bearing in mind it's going to be slightly thicker than that because the cut line for the die is you know on more towards the outer part than the inner part so the bath bomb will sit in a little bit more but basically I'm going to grab my bring in my plates here that sits perfectly you want to sit it centered to this white piece of cardstock here the center square you want to pop it right in the middle there so actually I'm just having a thought you want to do it on this bit of paper first so this is my patterned piece that I told you earlier that's going to sit inside there okay like so you actually want to die cut this piece first because we use this then to trace around that to make sure we get it all nice and centered so again you want to make sure you get it smack rang in the middle on this piece and then run that through this piece here is the measurement was four by four square so it's three and three quarters by three and three quarters that plain piece that I showed you so let me just check yeah I'll know three and a half so this piece here is three and a half by three and a half and now that will go back in here and then with your pencil like so and now it means that you'll get this bang in the middle and that will all match up nicely so make sure you get it like there and then the plates again this is when your magnetic base plate comes in handy which is what this is here so this actually stays here already it's kind of stuck it's where I need it to stay which is there get that one die cut okay and now that one will go perfectly over the top but still be nice and centered and gather nice little white border around there so this piece we can now stick down it's a bit easier to do while it's all um flat so I'm just going to pop some wet glue like so okay next we need to do some cutting so pick a side it doesn't matter and you're going to cut up if I just show you here because it's a bit easier because this is white you can't really see it that well but you've got this little piece and then you've got that bigger piece you want to just cut down past this little quarter inch score line down to this main line here okay this outer one you're going to remove completely and you're going to remove that piece there so now we've just got this tab and if you just take some wedges off it's my snips I think I've got something on them again but that's what you want to have okay then go along again here cut all the way down that one and that one remove that very small side one and then that base there and again take little wedges out okay so you can see now what you've got then rotate the whole thing around and do the same again so cut all the way down okay so that is now what you should have next we want to glue this down so I'm just going to bring in my wet glue here and you just want to cover the tab don't go crazy as I always say with the glue you only need a little amount bring that one down and under and this one's going to go over the top you can kind of see now how it's all going to work these are going to be our tabs to attach this piece to the actual explosion box so you just want to make sure you've got a really nice crisp angle there on the corner and it's all stuck in inside okay go across the next one again pop a bit of glue on the top fold it down and bring around that other one like so and then you're going to do the same with these two here so okay so that's now what you should have with these little quarter inch ones so if you go and fold them all in inside like so and you'll see you'll get little corners that overlap each other like that and you just want to pop a little bit of glue just on the very very end there just put a little bit of glue and just fold that piece over okay and you can just pinch inside there between your finger and your thumb you just want to create a little surface now that we can run our tape around so can you see now that's stuck down so just do that on all of the corners just pop a little bit of glue just doesn't matter which one's over which one or under as long as they're all attached okay so that is now what we've got this tiny little lip that goes around and now we can put glue all around that so I'm going to use my other glues this is just got that high attack on it and it dries quicker and you don't need loads like so okay move everything out the way make sure you're working on the right side because obviously that's my outside of the love writing turn it over and you're going to sit this inside the square and you should have a nice like one eighth of an inch border all the way around and then what you can do is with your any of your kind of tools or even a ruler as you can get in you can actually push down on that little lip inside making sure it's all nice and stuck down like so now it's intelligent if you want to decorate inside so that one there I can just put a bit of glue on and we'll sit I line up the hearts like so so I can have it the same but you're not really going to see that but I did up this one I think I'm going to do that one instead inside there but anyway you can see what I mean you can put anything in there disguise in fact I might just keep it empty but now that will sit perfectly inside like I said put a couple of glue dots and pop it in there but I'm undecided whether I'm going to add them in or not so for now I'm just going to leave it like so so next we need to make the lid okay so this is a piece of eight by eight cardstock and it's really simple we're making this reinforced so you just want to score it one and two inches and just do that on all four sides so one and two and that will give us a four by four centered square in the middle here which will form the top of our lid so just get rid of that and again just go along and burnish all of the score lines okay and just the same as any other reinforced lid or box we need to cut as I always say you've got these four squares in either the bottom left or bottom right hand corners you'll want to cut down both of them always pass the first score line down to the bottom it's very much a similar cutting that we've just done with that little platform that we've just put in the middle remove the outer two like so and remove that top one okay so we've got that tab again and then just tidy up all of the edges so the top one you're going to take a little wedge off you're going to take bigger little bigger little bigger wedges off of that one and again take a wedge off of that one so you've got a really tidy corner there go along here and do the same so cut down pass these two remove the outer two completely and remove that one and again just go around like so okay rotate the whole thing and do exactly the same again okay so that's now what you should have and we're going to glue it exactly the same way again so the four top bits of the tabs four the top four tabs is where you're going to add your glue or the top of the four tabs even because I say the same thing over and over a lot of the time sometimes think god I'm not even making any sense so you can see that I'm sticking it exactly the same way so I've got the glue on the top hold that down and bring that around it's very hard to you know teach and do at the same time which is obviously what I'm doing when I'm recording and I'm always thinking about this rather than what I'm saying sometimes so the amount of times I look back and when I go to edit I'm like my god you know what am I saying I don't even understand myself so I'm just a normal craft I'd like you all I've just yeah just choose to share them but um it just goes to show that um yeah I am normal I'm a bit crazy so again and then the last one I'm just going to pull that one out of it and then tuck it in and then I always like to go in with my folder there and just make sure they're all mostly stuck down okay and then you'll have these outer ones and you just want to stick them all down the same way so I'm going to go back to my other glue and just along there fold it right in and again just really burnish it all down so it's nice and flat and you've got a really nice side so just do that on all four okay so that is our lid done then you'll have this piece so I've already stuck mine all down that's going to go on the top of my lid so I'm just going to stick that one on again you'll have a nice little white border flip it over make sure it's all stuck down I've got a little bit coming off there stick that down again like so then you'll have all of these pieces and you want to stick them on all of your four sides okay then I'm going to decorate the top so I've got one of my flowers I've got my hot glue on and I'm going to pop some adhesive foam I'm going to pop one underneath where the actual little dip is so I'll show I'll turn it over and I'm going to show you and I'm going to pop one there and one there so just where it dips is where I put the foam adhesive because that's the part that's going to be obviously touching the top of our lid I always like to put a little bit of extra glue on for good measure and then I'm going to have it at an angle with some of it hanging over I just like that so you can see now oh it's just kind of lifted up the bow is going to go right in on that piece there so it kind of the hot glue will go through and under and then this little flower here again I'm just going to pop a little bit of hot glue just onto the back and just sit that just at the end and just bring that up a bit now and you can see how that all looks really pretty so that's the lid all done bring this all back in and work on the inside so I'd already gone ahead with that one and that's going to go in there so again with my hot glue I'm just going to pop a bead of glue on the back of the peg there and that way I can line this up so it's all within that smaller square like so then I've got the butterfly I wouldn't usually use my hot glue for this but because it's out I'm going to pop the butterfly opposite which you can't see we do there we go just going to make sure it's all nicely lined up like so I just realised I haven't cut my thing for the other side I'll do that off camera and you'll see it in the photos anyway and then for this one here pop some glue on the back of my hand because it's a more of an intricate dye probably should have put this through I've got a little xyron sticker machine but I will just pop a little bit of glue on the edges there pop that on and again using my hot glue here just pop a few flowers so that looks really pretty get rid of all my stringy bits make sure it's all nice and stuck down which it is and then grab my bath bomb then what you want to do before you go to put it all together is we want to take a few little bits off now we've stuck all this in place we're just going to cut tiny little more like little kind of wedges off but without it looking too you know like we've cut into it you just want to cut little bits off and this will just make it easier for our lid to fit on so I'm going in just from the very very top because I didn't give you that one sixteenth measurement on the lid because a lot of people find it confusing but you can see I've just taken tiny bits out without it compromising the the overall look really so just enough and this will be that kind of one sixteenth measurement that's that one just a very small amount you might find your lid fits but it doesn't always and you don't want it to start to buckle or damage your card stock so it's only some you might want to do just do on one side you may have stuck your card slightly wonky so at least this way you can kind of even it out there we go that'll do okay and then just bring it up and you want your hearts to go in against the side where there's least bulk so I've got the bulkiness of my card and the butterflies so I'm going to bring this one in here because even when I do stick down what goes there it's not bulky at all and you'll just see it allows yeah just gives it more space so you can see how it all sits in make sure it's all nice and tight together and then with your lid because you've taken off all those edges your lid will now have a real nice snug because you want it to hold it in place because there's lots you know there may be obviously something quite heavy in there but can you see now how that all fits in and then lift the lid and out pops this loveliness and your bath bomb or whatever gift it is you have because you don't have to put that platform in there you might have another gift and then you might have a mini birthday cake there's so many different you know options and ways to use this but again the more you use it and the more you open and close it the easier you know this will kind of all stay in place but just make sure that they do all sit in there quite comfortably and then like I said it all closes up and fits down and you want it to be snug that's why you just need to take away just keep cutting away little slithers from the side but not enough that it's going to you know ruin your design and your border but you can see there just the very very tiny bits have taken off and that's enough for you to get that really nice tight lid closure which I've got on both of these so again lift them off there we go and that is what I hadn't stuck down on the other one so just this one here with the circle which is from those again free downloads but there you have it keep the lid there so you can see it how cute are those any occasion wedding birthdays engagements and then valentines so I hope you've enjoyed this look at the color of that green that it's bringing out there and then it goes that pink I love love the holographic mirrored card stock thing is so fun but there you go hope you've enjoyed it if you have please give me a thumbs up and subscribe to my channel so you get to see more thanks for watching bye