All right. Well, thank you all for coming. Also, thanks to Luke for organizing this step room, but I don't think he's inside right now. Well, thanks to him anyway. Brief introduction about myself. My name is Nicolae Henle. The NL sound is a bit difficult for me as well. I am somebody who likes both the theoretical and the applied. So I have a PhD in Math, did research on discrete optimization. But I also always like to contribute to open-source software and actually got started with graphics drivers around 15 years ago when I reverse engineered back then the Radeon R300 3D programming interface. So it's fitting that today I work in AMD's Linux open-source graphics driver development group. My main focus is on the Mesa OpenGL driver. I also do some work in LLVM and occasionally some other things. But in this talk, I will give you a more overall overview over our graphics stack on Linux. So I like to start with a picture that shows the high-level components. At the bottom in red, you have two kernel modules, the Radeon and the AMD GPU, the more modern kernel module. They do the mode setting, the memory management, all that. Above that, you have user space. So there is this thin libDRM layer. And on the left-hand side, the components that are part of the X-server. So the X-server has the general device independent code and input code, but it also has some graphics device specific code. In our case, there are Radeon and AMD GPU X-server drivers which correspond to the kernel module of the same name. So if you're using the Radeon kernel module, you'd use the Radeon DDX and the same with AMD GPU. And then to the right of that, you have a bunch of different driver components that implement graphics APIs like OpenGL and Vulkan. So there are parts that live in the Mesa open-source project under the OpenGL and Multimedia umbrella, as I like to think of it. There is the R600 driver, which is for older pre-graphics core-next GCN graphic card. And there is the Radeon SI driver, which is for the more modern cards since, let's say, 2012. It builds an LLVM for a shader compiler back-end. Same as the RADV Vulkan driver, which also lives in the Mesa project and was developed by community members. And then to the right, you have some other drivers that are developed by AMD that have more of a Windows origin. There is what we call the AMD VLK Vulkan driver, which is the same driver code base as the one that Windows users get. And there is another OpenGL driver, which is really most irrelevant for workstation workloads. Now, there are many ways to slice and group this diagram, one that I think is maybe most relevant for Vostem is what's open-source and what isn't. And you see that almost everything is open-source. There is a story about the Vulkan driver, and I'll get to that in more detail. It's open-source with a caveat that has to do with this SCPC component. And the closed-source OpenGL driver, which, well, it's closed-source and looks like it's going to be that way, and stay that way. Another way to slice this diagram is just by what kind of hardware is being supported by it. I mentioned the GCN, which is kind of a breaking point for us. 2012, new generation of hardware. Everything that's in green supports those cards. What's in red is only for the older cards, and you see that the Radeon kernel module is kind of in between those two. And in the same vein, like slightly different colors now, there are legacy components that are not necessarily going away because there is still old hardware and it should still be supported. But we are not doing new feature development on them, which is the Radeon kernel module, DDX driver, the OpenGL driver for older hardware. And this problematic SCPC component we would also like to phase out. Okay, so this is hopefully clear to people in the room here. If you do have questions, please ask them. Some major milestones of last year. There is a big story of upstreaming a new display driver in the AMD GPU kernel module called DC. There is the kind of Christmas present of open sourcing the Vulkan driver. There is something about package delivery that I will talk about later. We achieved conformance on OpenGL 4.5 in the open source Mesa driver, and we managed, and continue to manage, we have been doing that for some time to deliver zero-day support for new hardware in open source drivers. There are some caveats I'll get to that, but there was a release in open source and you could get it to work. Yeah, it has to do with the display driver. Okay, so brief overview of this, you know, Radeon AMD GPU situation, where the Radeon module was kind of red and green a little bit. What happened was that, so in the middle, you see kind of hardware generations of our hardware. And what happened was basically that the Radeon kernel module is the one that was always there. But about five years ago, more or less, there was a decision internally to AMD to do Linux write and to do open source write. And part of this decision was to say, well, you know, back then there was this thing called FGLRX for a closed source driver. We don't want that anymore. We want to have one single kernel module which works with all our drivers. And that is basically how the AMD GPU kernel module got started. Its initial development was in the Sea Island generation and then kind of the way, the time when we really committed to it was with the volcanic islands. So, and then the support was back ported. So, the idea is that AMD GPU is really for everything that's GCN. And Radeon at some point should be phased out for GCN and only used for the older cards. Right, so AMD GPU just supports the more modern features. All the Vulkan drivers only work with AMD GPU because of certain features that are lacking in the older kernel module. It also supports our compute stacks. It has a GPU scheduler. And so, the idea is really that going forward you should use AMD GPU for all the modern cards which is not the case today by default just because we don't want to, there might still be some bugs. And I mean, we don't really, we think it works but people get really angry when you break their system, when they update their kernel. So, changing the defaults will maybe still take some time. But you can switch with these kernel command line arguments since 4.13. Okay? Right, so one of the milestones that I mentioned was upstreaming DC, this new display driver. Now why did we want to do that? I mean, implementing a display driver is actually a lot of work. There's a lot of magic that goes on that you have to talk to hardware engineers. And being able to share a common code base with other operating systems and really helps to support all the kind of more advanced features that you expect from a display driver, like these days supporting audio via HDMI, supporting advanced display port configurations and all that kind of stuff. So, the decision was made that kind of an existing display team within AMD should be brought into the open source world. And if anybody has ever been in contact with such a project, you know that that's very, very difficult. I think it took longer than people in AMD that we hoped for of course, but I think we're in a good place now. The display team has really arrived in the Linux kernel community, I would say. But it was a challenge, you know, it's a huge code base around 130,000 lines of code. It was first published as cleaned up open source basically two years ago and it took almost these two years to actually get it upstream. And this leads to the caveat that I mentioned before because the display driver, the new one, it supports almost all of GCN, but the point is that it's required since our very latest generation of hardware, the Vega generation. So, you know, at the time that Vega released, there was open source support fully for Vega. It was not upstream yet. Now everything is upstream and going forward it will all be upstream. So I think we're in a really good place now with the display driver. All right, now let me talk a bit longer about kind of the big news from December. We've been saying for a long time that we will have an open source Vulkan driver. And, you know, the internal team worked hard to make that possible and now it has happened. You can download it from GitHub, you can build it yourself. And, I mean, some people have done that so it should work. It is the same code base that the Windows Vulkan driver uses. And actually it is largely even the same code base that the Windows DirectX 12 driver uses because they internally share a lot of code in a common library called PAL, the Platform Abstraction Library. I get to that in a moment. It supports all the GCN-based GPUs with the AMD GPU kernel module. There is some, you know, kind of official support level for distributions.  It should really work on all the distros. There is no particular reason why it should only work on Ubuntu or Red Hat, but this is kind of what the Vulkan team has committed to that they support. And if you use anything else, you know, go download it and try it out. It should work. Yeah. Yes, the Vulkan driver should also work with 32 bits because, you know, Windows, many games still using 32 bits. And I see no reason why not. I mean, I hope I'm not saying anything wrong, you know. But I think it should work, yeah. I don't know if there are games on Linux that use Vulkan and are 32 bits. I don't know, actually. Okay, yeah, that's a fair point. Brief comparison. So we're now in the kind of funny situation that there are three different Vulkan drivers that you can use on Linux with AMD graphics cards. There is the open source AMD VLK driver. And there is a close source variant of this AMD VLK driver. Why is there a close source variant? Well, the thing is that, what is the shader compiler backend? The open source variant uses LVM for a shader compiler backend, but the close source variant uses an internal shader compiler backend that for various reasons was not open sourced and will likely never be open sourced because the kind of the thrust is more towards going to LVM. And then there is the community-developed RADV driver that lives in the Mesa repository. And this is kind of, on some highlights, a comparison of these drivers, right? The two outside ones are open sourced. The AMD VLK driver is being supported by AMD. The RADV one isn't. Community contributions can go to both of the outside ones. I don't know if there has been a contribution so far to the AMD VLK driver, but the Vulkan team would like to have them. They're very open to that and would welcome them. So, you know, you are very invited. The AMD VLK close is kind of in a funny situation because of course you can't really contribute to it, but it's the same code base as the open one. So, you know, your contributions might end up running for Windows users as well. AMD VLK lives in its own repository on GitHub, whereas RADV lives in the Mesa tree. The open source ones, they use LVM. Well, our QA only looks at our driver, of course. Well, support for new GPUs. Obviously, the Vulkan team that we have internally gets a head start in implementing features of new GPUs and will be able to have zero-day support as they have had in the past. Whereas with RADV, I mean, the people who are working on RADV, you know, they're really good guys and they also contribute to our open GL driver and I really like working with them, but they are at an inherent disadvantage there. There is a lot of tooling that AMD produces, especially for game developers, you know, for game developers to be able to look at their frames, analyze their performance, et cetera, et cetera. And the official driver supports it. Well, Windows support, you see, I mean, theoretically, the open driver could run on Windows if you added the parts that are missing, which are not open source yet, so it's... Well, okay, let's talk a little bit about the architecture. I already mentioned, yeah? With my Mesa hat on, I would say it doesn't really make much sense because it's a bit of an alien element in there. It's not a plan at the moment because it's too disjoint. I mean, even when Intel wrote their Vulkan driver, people thought, well, maybe, should this really be inside of Mesa? But then they had a good reason because they share the shader compiler, whereas here, this is not the case. Only the LLVM parts are shared, so, yeah. Wait for my other talk, and there will be more details there. Okay, a brief look at the architecture. So this is kind of from top to bottom what is running when a Vulkan application is running. There is a loader, the Vulkan, which is provided by Kronos, or actually developed by Luna G, but the details of matters, so it's vendor-independent. It loads the Vulkan driver, and the Vulkan driver internally has two parts. The part that is called XGL because of the legacy, and this one lives in its own repository, and then there is the part called PAL, which again also lives in its own repository. And so the interesting part is that most of the knowledge about what the hardware actually looks like lives in this PAL component, right? The Vulkan API translation component, of course, there's also background knowledge about the hardware in there. You couldn't just take that and use it, I don't know, for an Intel Vulkan driver. That wouldn't make sense, but most of the hardware details are down there or in the shader compiler or pipeline compiler, as it's called here. This is a bit of a more detailed view of what PAL has. By client, the diagram means the Vulkan front end that translates Vulkan to PAL, and then there are operating system parts, I was told not to go over there. And on the right-hand side, there is kind of a clean design where the source code structure mirrors the hardware structure. You have some component that is kind of the graphics IP where the actual 3D rendering happens. There is a component called OSS, which means operating system services, which is basically where the DMA engine and the transfer queue lives for those who know Vulkan. And there is a video encode, decode part, which has some AMD extensions for that that are implemented there. Something should be said about the development process. So the way it works currently is this. There is the repository on GitHub. Contributors are welcome to submit pull requests, which would be added into the internal code base where development happens. From there, there is a regular automated code cleanup process to remove things like references to new hardware that has not been released yet. And from there, there are weekly pushes back into the GitHub repository. And from there, people are free to take it, compile it themselves. Distributions would be very welcome to package it, obviously. Also, our official packages will probably, well, they will probably, for the time being, not be derived from the GitHub code base. Maybe I'll mention something for that. There is a separate LLVM branch also for stability because there are kind of specific patches that need to be cherry-picked. But its development follows a bit of a different model because in the case of LLVM, LLVM is the upstream and the ideal is really to get the required changes into LLVM upstream as much as possible. Okay, future plans for this. There is optimization work that's going on to get. So right now, the situation with the shader backend is that the LLVM-based one is not quite up to par to the closed-source SCPC one, but the goal is to get them equivalent or maybe even LLVM better so that we can really say, yes, the LLVM-based one is the one that we distribute everywhere. And of course, in the future, there will be feature support, new GPUs will come out. And the Vulkan team is aware that getting a proper open-source process going is not always easy and they do want to make sure that an external contribution process is ironed out and work properly. All right, I do have some more slides about how do we actually deliver our drivers to our users. Now, the main thing to take away here, really the main important thing is we want things to be upstream first, right? For as much as we can do that so that people can just get their distributions and it'll just work out of the box with AMD hardware. And you know, for the most part, this is actually where we are today, right? This is where we are today for the most part. But there are some cases where we need to provide our own packages. So this happens because of specific customer engagements, maybe it happens when new hardware comes. New hardware doesn't always align with when the distributions pull from upstream. So for that, we have our own packages that we provide and since the end of 2017, we provide them as a kind of layered approach where there is an all open, open source core onto which additional closed source packages may be installed. This works in a release calendar that's shared with Windows. It has this version numbers like 1750, 1810, this will be the next one and so on. And right now, what happens is you can download a big tar ball distribution specific tar ball from the AMD website. It'll contain packages. So for Ubuntu, it contains Debs for Red Hat, it contains RPM. Those can be installed via a script or maybe if you're adventurous even by hand. And those are the distributions that we're supporting there. And just to remind you of this picture that we had in the beginning and looking at it from the perspective of what's in the all open core and what's on the kind of pro add-on. The all open core consists of everything that's in green and all the stuff that's in green will also be present if you're using the pro add-on. Specifically, the pro add-on contains the workstation open GL driver but multimedia will still use the Mesa code. Currently, it contains this Vulkan driver because the compiler part which is not closed source but of course the plan is to transition that to the fully open source LLVM basis. All right. So, I'm almost done a bit before time on purpose so that people have time to switch if they want to leave because I do have a talk now also but it will be much more technical. I think it's very interesting but maybe the target audience is a bit less broad. The main thing to take away from this is, there was a conscious decision made five years ago to try to do Linux and do open source write with an AMD and it's been a long process and not everything has been 100% figured out now but I think we're in a very good place right now. If today, you buy an AMD GPU, it will work with the standard packages, maybe with the tiny caveat that if it's very, very new then maybe your distribution doesn't have it yet and you might have to compile your own upstream thing but I think we've come a long way and we're still going to continue with that. So thank you for your attention. Yeah, maybe Satya? Are there any plans to merge the AMD Vulkan effort with RayDMV or RatV? That is a very good question and in some sense that's a question that I can't answer because I work on neither project. I think right now the situation is kind of maybe one of friendly competition. Having both drivers kind of makes both of them better. In the end, we'll see how things play out. Obviously, we would like, I think I mean, merging is not really something that makes sense based on how the code base, but maybe taking the best effort merging certainly and this depends on people who are potentially interested in it. The Vulkan team is aware that maybe the process needs to be worked out and if you're interested in these kinds of things, try and talk to them. Yeah, it may have been slightly longer. I wasn't at AMD back then personally and I don't know at what time the effort really started and at what time was being talked about. I'm not a historian on these things, I'm sorry. Yeah, I think back of the window, you think? Again, I wasn't there but my imagination is that it was a mixture of getting both, in some sense, a better brand recognition and kind of a small but still technologically important corner, but also there are just customers who say we want open source drivers. Give them to us, we want them for support. Okay, there was another history lesson maybe over there. So the question was whether that is really a commitment to move to open source. Yeah, yes? I mean, okay, well maybe we take that offline. I don't know what you're talking about, but I think that if you look at the signs fairly, I think they point in the direction that it's a serious commitment. And there are good reasons for it, like I said, there are really customers who are asking for that. Now, sorry, you were. Yeah, so the question was about the documentation availability for GPUs. There is absolutely documentation out there. So if you go to AMDs, if you search for, I don't know what the right keyword is, developer resource, I mean, there is a page that has lots of CPU documentation and GPU documentation, including the ISA and everything. It's not as much documented as we would like. I mean, sometimes maybe you also have higher expectations of what our internal documentation looks like than what it really has. It's just, we don't have infinite amount of money and it takes the time to go through, to make sure that things are cleaned up if there is something that can't be released. And we try, but in the end, the code is the best documentation. Okay, maybe one more question and then we go to the. Well, so at least with OpenGL, Wayland works out of the box since quite some time. For Vulkan, I don't know. This was mentioned to me from someone in the Vulkan team and I didn't verify what precisely is needed. It is possible that maybe some small extension is missing. I mean, in the end, it shouldn't be much because you just need to export surfaces in the right way and. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Maybe, yeah. Yeah, okay. There is an alternative to CUDA and it's called ROKAN. There is an alternative to CUDA already and it's called ROKAN. It works. Well, the problem is that there is this, it's not just CUDA, right? There is this whole infrastructure of learning frameworks and well, we're working on it, but it's an uphill battle, unfortunately. And yeah, ROKAN ROC M. Well, maybe, well, yeah, I think that's okay. There was recently some trademark thing, but look for radion open compute and that's a CUDA like thing. Okay. Ah. Thank you.


This is Monopoly Hut, number 15, Team of the Year Edition. Yo, what's going on Leaf Nation, it's Leaf for Back again and welcome back to that channel. We are back with some more Monopoly Hut and as I said before, Team of the Year is currently out. So looking here, we got a pretty good Team of the Year. 96th McDavid, 93th Marchhand, 93rd Ranzenin, 93rd Headman, 93rd Fox and 93rd Vasilevsky. Now I don't have enough stuff in my collection to make them so we're hoping to pull them. We got a lot of catching up to do, it's been a while since we recorded an episode of this. We do have rival rewards, not sure when we finished, we get a Prime Pack. Absolutely garbage, that's fine, that's on me, I didn't play too much. So we're gonna go open up this Prime Pack and then we're gonna roll a dice for the first time. We don't have enough for McKinnon yet, we do need to upgrade McKinnon eventually, but we don't have enough for him right now, I went into the wrong thing. Prices of 87 overalls went up because Team of the Year, you need them for sets and stuff. So I'm not sure if we pull a Team of the Year in this Prime Pack. I don't know if it'll happen, oh my god. Okay, we have an X Factor player, we're gonna keep going. This is my first time pulling an X Factor player in a random pack. So very nice to see, we get an X Factor player. I wonder who it's gonna be, we also pull Alexander Goryev. Connor McDavid please and thank you. Okay, okay, I know this already. Cruel Cap Resolve, not too bad man. Okay, we're gonna throw one to the team, that's actually huge. I think it gets up to a 92 right now. So that's pretty good man, it's not a bad looking card. We got Bombarded, Magician, Distributor which is huge. Okay, so hey, we will take a Cruel Cap Resolve man. I was not expecting that, let's throw one to the team. I do have a couple of team updates I need to show you guys. So from the free Christmas cards, we ended up taking Dame Severson. I figured we need a better defense man. He has some pretty good synergies too. So our top pairing is looking pretty good and Dame Severson and Victor Headman then we got Yosi and Seth Jones and then we got Procop and Byram. We now need to find a spot for Cruel here. So I think in all honesty, he'd be getting rid of Nikita Kutcher off here. Yeah, I mean like, or no, he'd be getting rid of Brad Marchand which is actually crazy to think. But I mean, we need to get him into the lineup so we can try and get him some goals to upgrade him. I don't know if I should be playing him on the fourth line. I might honestly slot him up to the second line for the time being and hope that Mitchie and Matthews can get him some goals here. So the first two lines are looking good as per usual. Hopefully we can get some upgrades for Cap Resolve. We owe Connor a couple as well. We could get him up to an 89 right now. We also open there in an upgrade but it's getting pretty expensive to upgrade these players especially, you know, we have no cards in this account. With that being said, it's time to roll a dice for the first time this episode. We're hoping for something good, I guess. I mean some decent pox here. So rolling for the first time this episode and we get a six. So six is two premium pox. All right, every time I roll premium pox on the board, I'm kind of just like, okay, it's kind of a waste of points but you never know, I guess, I don't know. So let's see what we can get here. It's going to be impossible to pull a team of the year yet, like regardless and premium pox definitely aren't going to help. So we get two of these bad boys. The good thing about these is we're getting some gold players to help build some more power-up collectibles essentially. That's about it. But yeah, the first one was a dud. Second one, we're going to skip because obviously we're not going to pull anything. It's pretty obvious here. Yep, nothing here. Two gold players and that's about it. All right, it's time to hop into our first rivals game of the week. I doubt we're going to place anything too good this week but like I said, time to try to get cappers off some upgrades here and just quickly checking my notes here because I did write it down. We do old Kyle Connor two upgrades. We'll Panarin one and we owe McKinnon one. So we got some catching up to do, which is going to be interesting. First game of the episode, 92 McKinnon, 94 Duchain, 92 Eichel. He's got a very good team. This shall be interesting. All right, plain and simple. Let's try and go out there. Obviously get some wins. Try to get some more upgrades, even though we probably can't afford them. But yeah, let's see what we can do here. First game with James Heverson too, by the way. I totally forgot about that. Player switching is horrible. This game feels super delayed too. Not a good start. Good goal on him. I just couldn't get the player I wanted to get for some reason. So that's something. All right, not the story we wanted obviously, but it's fine. We're going to keep it going here. I got faith in this team. I got faith in myself. So let's go. Good hit from Matthews. Couldn't get the puck there. James Heverson off to the races here.  That was actually a lead. Oh, there we go.  There we go. Nice move. Take a shot, Austin. Oh, dude. He just missed that top corner. Good save, Flurry. And I went to go play the puck and he just poked it in. I'm having a lot of fun so far. I'll be honest with you guys. Good start for me here. Glare still gets to his player and they're giving him a penalty shot. What am I playing? I just want to enjoy this virtual hockey game. That's all I want to do. I just want to enjoy it. That's a penalty shot, apparently. I don't know about that game. I don't know about that. Let's try and save this. Eichel's wearing 89 for some reason. Nothing makes sense this game. Here we go. All right. I'm an elite goaltender, I've been told. Yep, very elite. Let's go. Over to Panarin. Our timey. Our timey. Panarin, that's a good poke. Name Mac with the puck. Get it across.  Nice try. We're getting our chances. Over to Panarin and there it is. That's another upgrade owed for Panarin when he does get one. It's a 2-1 hockey game. We've been dominating ever since that second goal he scored. Let's keep it going, boys. Conner with an assist as well there. End of 2. It is 2-1. It's a pretty even game to be fair. I thought I was playing a little bit better. I'm interested to see his team. 92, Ovi, 94, Duchain, 93, Gysoidle, 90, Listrum. This guy's got a very good team. I'm assuming that Koskin is at 92. Very good team. It's going to be hard to beat. I forgot to check my ping after that period too. So that's good on me. And I don't know. Dame Severson's not having himself a great debut. He loses his man and Matthew Shane. It's a 3-1 hockey game. This guy's team's unreal, dude. Like, look at these cards, man. We're fine. We've got to play better defensively, essentially. That's what's killing me right now. Kudra, this should be a goal.  Take it to the net. What a save. This Koskin is actually unreal. I cannot get one past him. Lucas Raymond. Over across, Bergeron. That's a goal. 3-2 hockey game. Good stuff. We're right back in it, boys. Right back in it. There you go. Connor Geeky's off to the races. Connor Geeky off the post. Kyle Conner, nice little move. To the point. Headman over to Severson and Dame Severson. I said he wasn't having a good debut. He pots one in, assists it from Headman. That is an upgrade, technically, for Victor Headman. 3-3 hockey game. Good stuff. Another assist for Kyle Conner. We're back in it. Tie game. Fresh start. End of 2-3-3. It is an even hockey game. I can't say anything else. Deserved goals for both sides, besides the one that he poked in, kind of. But yeah, okay. 20 minutes of hockey left. I feel like we've been playing pretty good offensively. We just got to clean up defensively. And the goals will come. No, no, okay. Give me McKinnon. Like, player switching is so bad. It's honestly, player switching is so bad this year. I want to get named Mack. I can't get named Mack. Dry saddle scores for him. 4-3 hockey game. This is where the frustration kicks in, because I feel like I could have prevented that goal. Both my defensemen went into the corner for some reason. And then player, like, switching to McKinnon just didn't work. 4-3 hockey game.  Said Jones. Oh my god. Mitch Marner. Okay, okay. All right. 2-1-0 and nothing comes from it. That's what an insane save. Oh, Headman move out of...  Headman at an 86? 85? Whatever it is? Sucks.  He just gets in the way. I couldn't move. 5-3 hockey game. I wanted him ahead against the wall. I have team of the evictor, Headman, on my main account.  Like, that's twice. Headman's just gone into the corner and just screws me over. There we go. 4-cop. Like, he just, like, barely gets a hit in. Over cross. Cap resolve.  A minute, 24 to square 2 goals. We just got a power play. Let's see what we can do here, man. I don't have high hopes, that's for sure. Over cross. James Neal. Okay. A minute, 18. A minute, 18.   That's a good shot. It's a good shot. We got time. Just over a minute to try and tie this up here. Let's go. Give me a timeout. My god, dude. My god. I can't believe... What's the ping for this game? Nice. This is what I mean. This is the ping I've been playing on all game. Makes so much sense. Makes so much sense. I knew this game felt heavy from the moment I started playing. I knew it. All right. Well, that's game. We lose a game on about 70 ping. We scored four goals, so we should get a lot of rival points from it at least. That's one way to look at it. Am I frustrated? Yeah, 100% I'm frustrated. I feel like I shouldn't have lost that game. But again, the ping was the way it is. Looking at the stats, man. You know, two more minutes, almost two more minutes, more than him on time on attack. Doesn't mean much when you play bad defense, obviously. 5-4 loss. It is what it is. Just kind of degrading and frustrating, you know. We complete an objective here. Not sure what four, three goals and rivals. Nice. We'll take that extra coins in the account to try to get us an upgrade or to get them a kin in. We do open air an extra upgrade as he scored. And we also victor headman an upgrade, which, you know, these guys are not going to get their upgrades for a little while here because I just don't have the funds in the collection. All right, after that loss, it's time to head back to the board. Last time we got a six. What will we roll this time? We get a four. So a four is three special packs. Okay. We get to generate a number three times. One to seven. Here we go. First one is a two. Second one is a six. Third one is a two. So we can't open up two twice. So we got to generate it one more time. Give me a one, please. And we get a one. Okay. So a two is six and a one. So a six is NHL players pack. Two is a team of your starter pack, which gets us a power-up collectible and a team of the year collectible and then a team of your jumble. So we'll start off with the NHL players pack. Ten items, all gold NHL players with at least four 80 plus players. 8.8% chance at an 86 plus. Let's see what we can get here. We got Quinn Hughes and Kale McCarron on the cover here. Give me something big here. Come on. Halak, Yanni Gord, Corpasallo. Matthew Barzell at an 84. That's not too bad. Jason Robertson. Okay. I have a feeling there's going to be nothing else possibly. And I was right. Dame Severson. So not about pack 84 Barzell. Maybe we'll crack the team. I'm not 100% sure. A two is a team of the year starter pack. So this includes a power-up collectible, a team of the year collectible and a guaranteed 83 plus player. We got a 29% chance at an 86 plus. 1500 points down the drain. Give me something good. Here we are. Who's going to be our 83 plus? There's a power-up collectible. Love it. Okay. Here we go. Come on. Give me a purple poll in this pack here. Johnny Boychuk ain't it. That's for sure. There's our 83 plus. Linus Allmark. Appreciate that EA. Awesome. And love it. So we're getting random packs as per usual. We get a team of the year collectible right there.  And now we get a team of the year jumble pack. We get a 61% chance at an 86 plus player, a 12% chance at a 90 plus. 2k points. This has got to be a good pack for us. All right. Team of the year jumble pack. Let's go. Mika's have been a jad, okay. Mackenzie Blackwood. So 283 is right there. Miro Heiskenin. Dude, we get like a, what was it? A 60 something percent chance at a purple poll. Give me an 86 plus here. Drew Dowdy at an 84. 86 overall Devon Taze. Man, you see that purple and you think that it's going to be a team of the year. It's an 86 Devon Taze. Definitely. I think he might crack the team to be honest. So not a bad purple poll. 86 overall. Tim Stutzla. We still got half of this pack left. Marenski, Marcus Foligno. Jackery Campbell. Jay Beagle. Wayne, the train Simmons. Mike Smith. Another purple base. Mark Andre Fleury. That doesn't really help us out there. But that's two purples in one pack. Thomas Hurdle. Brandon Tanev. All right. Sorenson and Nemez. So not a bad pack. Two purples. Fleury who won't make the team because we already have his 90 and then a Devon Taze that might make the team and a Drew Dowdy that might make the team. So it's a pretty good pack. Possibility that some of these guys make the team. Let's see what we can do with them. So I have to say Bone Byroom is definitely going to be coming out of the lineup here for Mr. Devon Taze. And then Devon Taze will be going on to the second pairing with said Jones. So the defense is looking better. Drew Dowdy is not going to make the right side of the defense. So that's okay there. And that's about it dude. I don't think we pulled another 84. Barzel I don't think will make the team. And that's about it man. So that's the only upgrade we make out of those packs kind of sucks but it is okay. We do have three power up collectibles though. And I'm thinking I'm going to give it to Victor Headman. He needs an upgrade man. He felt horrible last game. I think it makes sense. So we have three collectibles. Two of them will be going to Mr. Victor Headman. So we are now even with Headman getting an upgrade. Up to an 87 which is nice. Now it's well rounded activated. So it gives him plus two to endurance, rich up power, offensive awareness and defensive awareness. So cards looking better than 87. Let's see what we can do with this team. Second game of the episode. Ninety McDavid, 89 Panarin, 89 Turc caught. This shall be another interesting one. Here we go boys. See what we can do here. Hopefully get a W this game. That would be ideal. Artemy here we go. Try to create something. Nice cut to the inside. Panarin with a shot. Oh my god that almost trickled in there. Holy off the crossbars man. This 90 Flurry. I don't think he's it guys. I don't think he's it. I might have to put a base Vasilevsky back into the net there because Flurry hasn't been the greatest for us. I'm going to be honest with you guys. Good poke from Headman. Let's go Ovi.  We definitely got him there. Over to Victor Headman. What a save from Vasilevsky. And a 1-0-0 game. Even game. I got to shoot more clearly. Three shots in one period. Definitely not not great. Hunter keep trucking out of boy. Around the net Kyle Connor. Oh that would have been an upgrade too. Beaky. Ovi. Over cross Kutrov. Okay what a save. Apparently I took a penalty somewhere. I don't know where. That's a funny thing. I'm not sure where I took a penalty. I'm intrigued. I took a five minute penalty. So it's a hitting penalty. Where? That's a five minute major. This is where the game gets out of hand. Eh. Way to get the puck out. Over cross. And there it is. Short handed goal. What a play. I don't know who carried that puck in. I think it was Set Jones. Gets it over to Lucas Raymond. It was Set Jones. And it's a 1-0 hockey game for us. Good short handed goal. Good hockey goal. Good stuff. End of two. It's 1-0 us. We had a great five minute penalty kill in that second period. Which led to a goal. We just got to play great defensively. We've been playing pretty decently defensively. Better than last game at least. Got to keep it up here. Oh, this is what I mean by Marc Andre Fleury. This is exactly what I mean. That is a shot you need to save. I didn't say anything because I thought nothing was coming out of that. I got to see this again. That is so bad. That is so bad. Yeah, we're getting rid of Fleury guys. That is so... Like I need a save from my netminder there. Vasilevsky's getting the shot next episode. Fleury's done. Like that is horrible. Not the way I wanted him to turn. He's still trucking though. What a shift from Headman. Almost leads to a goal. Over across. No way. Lucas Raymond. There you go Cooch. Lucas Raymond again. Over across the Cooch. And that's a goal. There it is. 2-1. 4-16 to go. We score. Good goals. Let's go. Lucas Raymond. Over across. Kutra with another one. Bang. 3-1 hockey game. This is our game now. This is our game. Let's go. We run away with this now. What a goal. He's pulling his goaltender. Interesting. And bang. Mitch from center ice makes it a 4-1 hockey game. G freaking G baby. Let's go. Mitchy Marnes. Capra's off getting his first point with the team. It's not an upgrade for him. But we'll take that. Pulling his goalie again. Lucas Raymond. We tried going between the legs. Connor Geeky though. It's a 5-1 hockey game. It's definitely over now. Thank you buddy. And that should be game 5-1. It's a victory. We go one-on-one this episode which isn't too bad. Definitely a well deserved game there. We score five goals. We get the win. Could have got the shutout if it wasn't for Fleur Linden in that week one. But it is what it is. We're not complaining. We get the win. That's all that matters. We complete three objectives here. So it's going to push us over 30k. We get a premium pack. So I don't know what we're going to get for that. I don't think we'll be able to buy a name mac. I will check. But last time I checked he was around 40k. So we're getting close to him to be fair. Anything in this pack here. James Reimer and that's about it. Looking at Nathan McKinnon 37k seems to be the cheapest. So we're about 7-ish k off getting McKinnon which is nice. So that'll get him up to an 88. Pretty good episode. Anyways guys that is it for today's Mobley Hut episode. If you guys enjoy it be sure to drop a like on it. If you guys are new around here make sure to subscribe button down below. And guys that is it for today's video. Thank you guys very much for watching and I'll talk to you guys later. Peace!


This video is brought to you by The Ridge Wallet, a sleek, light, and super efficient wallet with over 30,000 5-star reviews. This was my wallet before I got The Ridge Wallet, and the Ridge Wallet changed my whole pocket situation. It forced me to be efficient and organized with my card selection, and frankly made my life a lot easier. The wallet holds up to 12 cards plus room for cash, and there are over 30 colors and styles, including carbon fiber and burnt titanium. The wallet is super durable and industrial, and will last you a very long time, plus they come with a lifetime warranty. So if you're looking for a new wallet, give it a try, and you can get 10% off by going to ridge.com slash rain and using the code RAIN. And if you don't like it, you have 45 days to send it back for a full refund.     Asuka in her episode 8 introduction was a welcome change of pace, a breath of new life. I wasn't too fond of her bullying of Shinji at first, but as her story unfolded, she became one of my favorite Evangelion characters. Asuka's very nature is contradictory, as are her needs and wants. This stems from her traumatic childhood. Asuka's mother neglected her in favor of her work, and that work turned her mind unstable. Her mother began carrying around and speaking to a doll, believing that it was her daughter. Her father paid little attention to her, and later left their mother for another woman, who would soon become Asuka's stepmother. As Asuka's biological mother took her own life, Asuka would find her mother's body hanging. Throughout her whole life, Asuka wasn't ever noticed or frankly even seen by her parents, and her mother specifically. And she craved her mother's attention.  Just like Asuka did. So Asuka wants to be seen. As she gets older, that desire turns into wanting to be embraced and loved. It's why she kisses Shinji when she's bored, to see if you'll hold her, if you'll touch her. It's the only reason she pilots the Eva, so that she can feel important, needed and seen. Believing that Eva is the only thing that gives her a sense of identity. She isn't anything but a pilot and she must succeed. Asuka has no friends, no family, no one who has shown any attention or love to her, and she feels like she isn't worthy of their love in addition. She believes piloting the Eva will give her that. When she is a world famous pilot, people will have no choice but to pay attention to her and to see her. But at the same time, without anyone in her life, she's had to depend only on herself. The young pilot believes that she needs to do everything alone, as she's been self-dependent her whole life.  Asuka craves that autonomy, and that false sense of maturity that she has bleeds into the way she views her own appearance. As she's had to grow up quickly, she feels older, like an adult. And because she needs to be loved, Asuka looks towards Kaji to affirm those feelings, who of course rejects the teenager. Asuka's personality is everything that Shinji is not. Passionate, energetic, boastful, and stubborn. Asuka's second line in the series was her boasting her appearance. And at the very first chance she got, she gloated about her Eva unit being better than Shinji's. That fiery personality and confidence is a facade for her wavering self-esteem. But Shinji and Asuka are very alike. They are both broken kids with traumatic childhoods, who are piloting Eva's to find a sense of self-worth. They both hate themselves. Asuka berates and disrespects Shinji's sensitivity and masculinity. She ridicules Rey for being a doll, all to hide her own imperfections. She hates everyone because she's in so much pain as a result of her childhood. And to cope, she believes that she has to compete with everyone. Competing with Shinji and Rey to become the best Eva pilot to appease her worth and with Misado for Kaji's attention. And Asuka keeps on losing. Thinking back to how she flaunted her Eva unit when she was first introduced, Asuka isn't the most important Eva unit. In fact, she is the least, because of Shinji's prowess and Rey's capability to be replaced. As she constantly gets upstage and embarrassed by Shinji and Rey who even had to save her, Asuka's self-worth and confidence that she carries begins to waver, heavily, causing her to lose her sinking abilities with her Eva unit. And without her Eva, she would fall deeper and deeper into depression and into nothingness. Asuka already hates herself for her childhood and without her Eva she has no identity. Asuka becomes no one. And in those seven days she spent alone, Asuka's cheekbones were sunken and she looked so lifeless. The fact that it took seven days to track her would in a sense prove her importance or lack thereof to nerve. Asuka is one of my favorites because she is so human. The way she handles her pain is very human. I know a few people who are once just like her, who put on the confident and boastful mask but when it came time to be alone they broke, just like her. You can only trick your brain into appearing confident for so long. And Asuka's needs are pretty human as well. We all need to be seen and to be loved by someone. Asuka has these moments where she is a soft, almost grounded teenager. Where she's kind and even willing to open up to Shinji. But before she does, she always pushes him and others away to protect herself. Which brings us back to that contradiction that she carries. Asuka wants to be alone but can't handle the loneliness she faces. She wants love but rejects any advances towards the real her. She wants to be protected and cared for but puts on this facade that phases so many. Asuka feels all of this at once, until one ultimately overtakes the other. To me, Asuka's regression in Evangelion is what Shinji could have become. However in the end of Evangelion we see an Asuka who discovered that the Eva that she treated like a machine contained the soul of her own mother. And she found out that she was in fact never alone. And Asuka would accept the idea that she was in fact seen not only by her Eva but by those around her, especially Shinji. And she expresses that with a caressing hand at the end of the film. She expresses that by rejecting human instrumentality. She accepted that she pushed him away every time he tried to get to know her. This was in Asuka who realized she was deserving of love and that she was capable of healing. But I think that initial version of Asuka, the one who wanted nothing more than to be seen and to be loved but ultimately failed, resonated so much with me. She's a 14 year old who's made to believe that piloting an Eva will give her life meaning. And without it, she was no one. It was tragic and heartbreaking. And it's a story that I came to appreciate so much more because of her failure.


We're here to remember the contributions of John C. Lilly to the float community, which really wouldn't exist if it wasn't for him, at least not in the form it is today. Who knows if someone else would have discovered Float Tank in the basement of the National Institute of Health and realize that this was the way for him to really investigate his obsession with learning about the relationship between the body and the mind, and using it to experiment on himself. So back in the 1950s, John C. Lilly first started to experiment with floatation, and it's pretty exciting to go back and look at that today. So he's still a bit of a controversial figure, and I think there's a book stage right that I left there. Let me go and grab it really quick in a minute, but Lilly is known for having really popularized the idea of floatation, and that's been going on for several years. Thank you. And lately, we've been republishing a lot of his writings. So he's best known for the center of the cyclone, the scientist and novel autobiography. There's also a book, which I think is, I'm not sure if it's in print, but probably should be back in print, again, called The Deep Self, Profound Relaxation and the Tank Isolation Technique. There's been a lot in the media lately about John Lilly, some of it pretty sensationalistic. So I think that going back and reading some of his books will give us a better idea of what he was really coming from and the seriousness of his approach and the incredible creativity that he brought to investigating consciousness that really inspired a lot of this stuff. So this book is just about to be re-released by Consciousness Control Publishing, and I read this a few years ago and just blew my mind so much that I wrote a play about it. So I've been doing a one-man show based upon the scientist, but also incorporating a bunch of his other work as well, Center of the Cyclone, Programming and Metaprogramming, the Human Biocomputer, and other books like that. And I think Coincidence Control Publishing is right on that side of the outer concourse. So if you have a chance, go over there and look over some of their new really, really beautiful editions of John Lilly work. So we're going to do a section from our show that's actually being performed tonight and tomorrow night at the Denver Press Club. The section we're going to do right now with Freddie Katz, my musical director, is what we call John Lilly's First Float. So take yourself back in time, about 60 years in the basement of the facilities at the National Institute of Mental Health, John Lilly is about to embark upon a new chapter in human consciousness. And of course, we're talking sensory deprivation, so why do we need music for that? Good question. I guess what you would call what you're going to hear tonight is this afternoon is the sound of silence. I entered the tank. Salt water solution so I can lay in the water comfortably with my face above water. Air plugs in. Light shuts off. Scent and taste negligible. The sensation of my body at first feels like things are pressing against me, but I soon realize that it's internal tension, nothing more. I try to relax. For half hour, the usual concerns and worries of self-talk cycle through my head. I catch myself thinking, calm down and let go, and in time the sensation starts to fade. This point, I should be unconscious. According to the reactive brain hypothesis, my head should be shutting down, starved for external stimulation. But it's the opposite. I am active and alert in the darkness. Euphoria, the experiment had worked. Data generation, results I could point to, career success. But as the self-congratulation fades, I am left with well. This experience, the exterior world starts to fade. Along with it, it's hopes and fears. It's not there. I've been putting it there. Let go and go into the silence of the darkness. It's restful, relaxing. Enjoy the experience, accepting it. The stillness is broken by reflexes and habitual movements, stimulus, hunger, finger strokes and other, and voluntary splashes, causing the water to move and shift. Tiny sensations become huge. Desire to leave the tank presents itself, and sometimes I do, but then, other times, resisting the impulse from my body to reassert itself, I press through. Things quiet down once again, and then the thoughts come back stronger than before. No longer simply everyday thoughts. This is intense psychodrama, reveries and fantasies on a very personal and emotional level. Once I thought I could share with you, but I can't. They're too personal, too revealing, too dark. Finally having fought through the mundane plan-making, the bodily tension, the psychodramas back in the void, but at a higher level, I have achieved escape philosophy. Not an escape outward, but inward. I have found a place inside myself, one which I can carry along, and where, if I lay breadcrumbs of consciousness that I need to take me back, I can return to this zero point, ultimate void and ultimate peace. I have found the center of the cyclone. If you found that at all interesting and you want to hear more, the show goes into all aspects of John Lindley's story, his journey, I guess you would say, from being a establishment researcher to something quite different. Thanks again for having us. Thanks Graham for inviting me, and I can't wait to hear the rest of the speakers. Have a great conference, everyone.


And again, we see a majority of Americans who disagree, and so when you are not with where majority of Americans are, then, you know, that is extreme. That is an extreme way of thinking. Hello, everyone. Dylan Schumacher, Citadel Defense. You hear this all the time in our current culture and probably have to some degree another for about the past 100 years. You know, we need to protect our democracy or save our democracy or we live in a democracy or any of these terms, right? The idea being that America is a democracy and that we need to spread democracy throughout the world, which I think started with Woodrow Wilson right before World War One, and this idea that America needs to be the preserver and expander of democracy throughout the world, and liberty throughout the world, and it's really where kind of nation building starts and this whole idea of policing the world, and that's a whole other shtick. But that's kind of where that idea originates from. As far as I know, if I'm incorrect, go ahead and correct me in the comments, but I'm pretty sure that's where it goes back to is Woodrow Wilson's speech right before we declare war on Germany during World War One. So you hear this idea all the time that we have to protect and preserve democracy. Well, the truth is America is not and never has been a democracy. We never have been. A democracy, we should have learned this in eighth or ninth grade civics, is when everyone votes on every issue. That's what a democracy is. So should we raise taxes? Well, we get everyone together and then we vote on it. Yes or no? Should we go to war? We get everyone together and then we vote on it. Should we regulate this company to do this thing? Well, we get everyone together and then we vote on it. That is what democracy is. We get everyone together to vote on every issue and majority rules. Boom, that's it. We voted, the majority decided X, and so that's what we're doing. That's what a democracy is. There are, perhaps you can see already, a couple problems with that. The founding fathers were very, very wary of democracy and with good reason. In a democracy, anyone who can speak powerfully or whip people into an emotional fervor to vote a certain way can rule in some degree or another. That's where we get the term tyranny of the majority, right? Because whatever the majority wants, they can vote for and then that's it. They run the show because they have 51% of the votes or at least 50.1% of the votes and so therefore they can do whatever they want. The founding fathers rightly understood that democracy is another form of tyranny and that it's not a good way to be ruled. We need to stop saying, if you say, oh, you know, we're a democracy, stop saying that. That's not a thing. That's not true. And you need to stop hearing it. And what I mean by that is when someone says that to you, you need to correct them like, excuse me, I don't mean to be pedantic, but it's a very significant point. We're actually not a democracy. The United States of America isn't a democracy. And if they say, wow, what does that mean? We vote, of course, for a democracy. Say, no, the United States of America is a constitutional republic. And there's a significant difference because we have a republic, which means we elect people to make decisions for us. That's what a republic is. Much like the Roman Republic, right? They had a Senate. Those people were elected fraudulently or not. They were elected. And then they lived and served in the Senate. And then in the Senate, they decided and made decisions, right? So the United States government is a constitutional republic. We elect representatives to make choices for us. And they are restrained by the Constitution. That's how it's supposed to work. Now, you know, we can go on and on about how that's not how it works currently and their issues. And we can talk about that. But when people say, oh, we're a democracy, that's not true. And it's dangerous because what it trains people to think is, oh, we're a democracy. Well, we voted on this and the majority voted. So that's it. There's no, there's doesn't matter what you want or care about, or what your rights are. What matters is that we voted. That's the sacred act of the governing. And that's, it's not true. So I put this out here because again, you hear this a lot and you need to understand what it is you're hearing. And what you're hearing is a lie because democracy is a terrible way to be governed and is not one under which you would want to live, especially if you don't agree with whatever the majority opinion happens to be. Do brave deeds and endure.


After all, it's close to Chinatown and it's got homeless issues around here, but in fact it's very pleasant to be here and There's a market these these vendors are actually making a living out of this So you got to give them credit And my own feeling is it has a European quality about it sit in front of the Pioneer Plaza with a cup of coffee It's you know one of the best things you can do in Hawaii one of the best places you can be You know, okay, you know why I'll tell you why just as in Europe, you know It's people it's people watching if I'm able to watch people. I learn so much. I enjoy so much I I slip into the skin of everybody I watch I I'm sort of learning about the essence of our community by watching the people who are walking up down the 4th Street Well, I love this place So Yeah, we'll do this again we'll Try to do it in many places so far. We've done it 4th Street and Tamarind Park We've done it at the Kamehameha statue in front of the courthouse building and that was interesting We've done it in Kakaaka with the art We've excuse me, can I talk to you? Yes, hi. Hi.   No, no, no, okay? So tell me why you're here at 4th Street We just arrived yesterday here in Honolulu by plane We're from Austria and we just do some sighting now Very it's a very very special place here very nice people How does it differ from Austria? Very different very different in every way We have a migrant problem over there as a matter of fact I read it taking some action sort of a swing right Yeah, yeah That's true. Yeah, what's happening? many people from the Middle East coming now to Europe via Greece and Romania Bulgaria and also from North Africa, so I think this Can cause some problems in the future Yeah, well, how about Europe in general now, you know our president Our very special president very very very special president Doesn't want to support the EU and now in today's newspaper the EU is talking about forming a nuclear Organization and trying to develop a nuclear stockpile. What do you think about that? Wow, there are many talks about Donald Trump now in Europe, but We don't know about him. So let's see what the future will bring us You know that we hope the best we are all hoping the best we have we our level of confidence is not that high And I gather yours is not that easy You know, we're trying to hold the world together here. Yeah. Yeah. He's not going the same direction. Yes Yes, yes, but we we will hope the best for the future. So That's my my wish. I'll tell you a short story Today I get an email About a house that was built with with with a printer. Yeah, you know printer 3d 3d printer Okay, yeah house a real house a real house. It was brilliant and the house was beautiful And they did it in 24 hours with the printer and you could see that time-lapse photography Well, you could see them do this and guess who did this who built this house with this fabulous printer Guess who I'm gonna really surprise you now the Russians Do they do that? But I think maybe they spend a lot of money of Vladimir Putin Maybe spends a lot of money in in technology to be even better than the Americans of the Europeans. I don't know He has a lot of money. I think you need personal money. Don't you? Yeah Maybe it's not his own money, but who cares in Russia Right, it's all the same Yeah, but I'm worried about Russia I'm not a real politician Do you do you mean we in Europe? In Central Europe not but maybe in the former Russian related countries like in Estonia Lithuania Bulgaria Romania even in Finland. I think they a little bit Nervous. Yeah nervous. Yeah. Yeah You know the strangest thing with Trump and the Russians nobody can figure it out yet No, and it could be a much bigger issue than we ever imagined every day. There are people who want to make something on it. Yeah Actually, we don't know really much about Donald Trump we Followed the campaigning before the elections Kind of strange Man, I'm not a rich man. So he can he can do anything he wants. Yeah and get away with it Yeah, yeah, well, you know one thing it strikes me is that You know people in Europe have been able to follow this campaign There's a long long long campaign and they have followed it in great detail And I guess they can for example, we asked one of our correspondents in Brussels We told our correspondent. There's been a really funny skit on Saturday night live and she said oh, yeah, I saw that She follows Saturday night live every Saturday. Yeah No, you're right They were very pretty much details about the campaign of Donald Trump and even more detailed is now the Constellation of his government. So there are really strange guys in Government now You can be American, you know So closing words, what would you like to tell the people of Hawaii about your trip and about what do you think? I think I don't know very much about because we arrived yesterday But we have a very nice feeling inside and we feel very welcoming and warmly welcome So I hope the best for the Hawaiian people and Mahalo new law I like and I hope to come in touch with the native. So that's why we want to go to Hawaii first trip Yes Well, I wish you every every every good time here. Thank you very much. See it all and closing words Mahalo From Austria we have right here on the 4th Street Mall. Thank you both


We set out to better understand the role that vocal communication plays in the coordination of social behaviour like cooperation in bottlenose dolphins. And what we found is that male dolphins that form long-term cooperative partnerships or alliances with one another retain individual vocal labels or names that allow them to track rivals and friends in their social network. It's an unusual finding because across the animal kingdom many animals make their cause more similar when they form strong social bonds. For example we see this in species such as parrots, bats, elephants and primates. However with the bottlenose dolphins it's the opposite. Males retain a unique call even though they form these incredibly strong bonds. By keeping these individual vocal labels males are able to track these relationships at the individual level. They are able to keep track of who their cooperative partners are, who their competitors are and so in this multi-level alliance system they are able to remember the history of relationships and which relationships are important to them. Alliance formation that we see in Shark Bay is actually incredibly rare and it's the only example we have outside of humans where you see alliances within alliances. Another interesting observation from our study was that males use tactile contact as a way of reinforcing their social bonds. They don't share a call, they retain their individual name and so in order to reinforce their bonds they employ tactile contact where they use their pictorial fins to rub against each other similar to holding hands or hugs in human society and so dolphins employ these kind of behaviors in order to advertise alliance unity.


TLO what's poppin? We are on kick KIC K calm we are live You can come join us if you want if not that's cool man. Just leave a like comment subscribe turning your post notification bells Let's continue to grow the family from Chicago to the UK You feel me don't forget. We do got good merch Chicago to the UK you see the flag Got mine on man, and don't forget. We do got the Patreon we post Monday through Friday Something should have just dropped right now. I believe or maybe it's at 11. I don't know The link to this is all down in the description by the way under the link tree just click it man And you know it'll come up and this is kid nerd London 2011 riots the real-life purge That might be a stretch because in the purge they was alive and people one day Summer of 2011 was a wow time in the UK a young father was shot to death by police and the community Outcry after was not that no one expected today. We're going into the London 2011 riots Is this from a different perspective or something cuz we've seen some like we've seen this just watch that whole intro So to start you said 100 people died during the riot Yeah This story we have to go to North London in Tottenham More specifically a big housing project inside Tottenham called Broadwater Farm Estate The housing project is quite notorious for its rich history of gang activity in the area nowadays The state is known to be the birthplace of a big rap collective called OFB But before OFB the area was known to be the origin of a notoriously dangerous gang Called the Tottenham Mandem and gang which had had one of the most deadly feuds in London history with an East London gang called Hackney boys But in the 2000s the Tottenham Mandem splintered into several different batches across London with different blocks and areas in Tottenham rolling with different names which is when a group of friends from the Broadwater Farm Estate Started calling themselves Star Gang a well-known member of Star Gang was a man called Mark Duggan Who is actually the father of a well-known drill rapper who goes by the name of Bando Kay Mark Duggan grew up on the Broadwater Farm Estate and was a very loved and respected person inside and outside of his estate But he was having- Mark Duggan he must see see this is the this is like he must have really took care of the hood You know what I'm saying? He must have really had his hood on his back Because there's people out of the hood like if they get you know Unalive it's like No offense like not him though the hood the hood turned up about him And that's solutable He must have been a stand-up guy, bro The under the police radar with him being named among Europe's most feared and violent criminals Which led to him being investigated and you know what I'm saying? He was named Europe's most feared and violent clear criminal, but he must have had the hood protected He must have been doing a lot Like to you know what I'm saying give back to them as well That's what I'm under that's what I'm this what I understand from this man Followed by a special police unit called Operation Trident which was a police unit set up in 1998 Which specifically fights gun crime and homicides inside the black community in the uk And Operation Trident was only more when there was talks of a retaliation hit after Mark Duggan's cousin A man called Kelvin Easton was stabbed to death inside the nightclub back in 2011 It was August the 4th when Trident officers decided to make their move on Mark Duggan at 6 15 p.m Mark was traveling through Tottenham in the back of a mini cab But inside the mini cab with him was a shoebox with a loaded pistol inside Which he picked up around 15 minutes beforehand while in the back of the cab Mark starts to clock that a few unmarked cars are starting to follow his journey back to the brothel of farmer's day And instantly he knew it was bad news So he sent our broadcast on his blackberry messenger phone saying Trident just jammed me not long after this message One car pulls in front of Mark's mini cab with another car blocking the sideway They accident they act they they um t-pack maneuver Is and another blocking the cab from the back forcing his mini cab to stop Mark tried to make a run through it, but he didn't get far before an officer shot Mark twas With one bullet hitting him in the chest leaving him unresponsive and bleeding out just outside his mini cab But instead of this leaving get far before an officer shot Mark twas With one bullet hitting him in the chest leaving him unresponsive and bleeding out just outside his mini cab But instead of the officers to go help Mark out and take him to hospital to attempt to save his life They were more focused on finding the handgun leaving Mark to bleed out and die on the scene Now the officer who shot Mark, you know, I hear that story and that's like Like not to compare rip, but like that's how they did fbg duck, right? Not duck didn't get shot by police, but police was there instantly You know what I'm saying? We all seen it. It was them. They're televised Shot instantly police just watched It could be something Said his reasoning was due to him seeing Mark holding the gun in his hand And even if this was a valid reason for shooting Mark as time goes by The theory that Mark was holding the gun at the time of his murder is becoming more and more impossible First of all Mark's DNA wasn't even on the gun The spy claims that Mark threw the gun with his bare hands just before he was shot But this was also almost impossible Mark was shot around one and a half seconds after he left his mini cab In where he was only able to take a few steps before he was hit by the first bullet So it would be quite hard for mark to even find the time to throw the gun Which was somehow found seven meters from where he was shot And if that isn't enough to debunk this theory the police officer. Yeah, I remember the documentary on this It was it was just a lot going on It was a lot of lying. I feel from from the uh Met I just don't believe Like broke our shot as soon as he flew the door back and step out Instantly instantaneously Like whoever that cop was was just thirsty Oh, he shot mark said he didn't even see mark throw the gun It was another officer that said he threw the gun Which is very weird considering that mark was literally right in front of him when the officer murdered him What was most likely happened here is that the officers are trying to cover their tracks And could have potentially moved the gun from inside the mini cab where mark had left it And then placed it around seven meters away to justify the killing residents of the broad water farmer state were furious And police were not given any answers to what had just happened So two days after the brutal murder of mark dougan on the city of august Friends and family of mark marched from the broad water farmer state to tottenham's police station to demand for answers Of what just happened two days ago But instead of getting any answers the marches were welcomed to a wall of silence from police officers Who crowded around the marches time went by and people started to get more frustrated And when the crowd started to get larger and more younger people started joining in the peaceful protest started turning more Aggressive especially after there was an alleged attack from the police officer on the 16-year-old girl Who was protesting by 10 p.m. Tottenham High Road was in anarchy police cars and buses were getting smashed and burned And the local police office was completely burned down 26 police officers were injured throughout the next starting the infamous 2011 rioters The news quickly spread around london and a lot of people saw this as an opportunity To fight back on what a lot of people thought was a racist and oppressing police force But some people also saw this as a quick way to loot some stores while the police had lost control of the streets The next that's always a piece of rioting this morning on august 27th Police set up forces around tottenham to prevent any riots which may happen throughout the day Especially after hearing talks from local gangs in tottenham that they were gonna bring carnage to the area But at the time feds couldn't comprehend how big the movement was and while police were setting up around tottenham And nearby areas in north london on the other side of london in britston Looting had already started areas in north london on the other side of london in britston Looting had already started before tottenham even woke up before the morning was even finished police had already lost control of london Shops were looted fires were burning and police were nowhere to be seen in certain areas And the country was put into a national emergency during national emergencies Police used something called the airwave network that allows officers to tap into different areas around the country through their radio Which was first introduced heavily after the 2005 london bombings The only issue was the airwave network was down leaving hundreds of thousands of officers Clueless to what was happening at the time the police didn't even know how many officers were on the ground And it was quickly becoming apparent that the police was heavily under equipped for the mass rioters Which was starting to build up throughout the day police cars were starting to run out Leaving thousands of officers stranded with some even having to transport three buses Fusing officers from outside of london to be sent inside the capital to try and help the Did they just hop off a double decker? Officers now, but by this time the riots even had spread outside of london First with reports that a nearby county to london could hurt for sure had the couple judas being broke into And soon there were even reports that around three hours away from london in bermanum a police station was in flames The whole country was in anarchy and no one knew what to do Fusing shops that completely closed down leaving streets completely empty except from looters This was the real life purge a more than an hour from tottenham incredibly On the 8th of august 9 20 p.m The first casualty of the riots was caught a young father of four called trevor eddiss This night was one of the most violent and lawless nights of the riots And creding that the edge of south london was becoming a hotspot for looters This was when trevor eddiss and two of his friends who Looks like it's unfortunately doing all all of that going on. That's like the perfect time for criminals to criminal For steppers to step like it's that perfect time Area called britston hill in south london took a 17 minute drive in the blackford fiesta And parked it off on a road called scarbrook road when parked off Allegedly trevor eddiss's friends went into a cash converse nearby to loot a couple items and then return back to the car But while they were returning back to the car trevor and his two friends ended up getting into an Altocation with a group of around nine people who were also out for the same reasons This ended with a silver perjil and the black voxel astra packed full of looters Getting into a car chase of trevor and his friends until they reached a junction on dupers hill road The two cars botched in trevor's backford fiesta and gawd the car and shot several shots using the self-loading pistol Hitting trevor in the head killing the young father of four and creating the first casualty of the 2011 riots But sadly this wouldn't be the last and still police could do nothing about it So the members of public had to take situations into their own hands in east london The borough of hackney was becoming a very popular place for looters Especially one area in hackney called dulston where shops were starting to get hit up quite heavily But a road in dulston called kings and high street was left pretty much untouched See kings and high street has a lot of shops which are run by the turks which are turkish people They saw what was happening to all shops around them So they made a pact to team up and defend the high street against any attackers and it actually worked Same thing with that. That's like what happened in chicago where they were looting recently I'm open to think about george floyd uh The latin kings Did not let them uh loot uh Little italy over there I don't know if y'all know what i'm talking about, but that's their little area It's not looting over there, buddy You came over there with that they was Instantly on that an area in south london called elton locals from the area Mostly fans of a local football team called millwall got together and started patrolling the streets protecting their local shops And the same thing was happening all the way on the other side of england in the city of bermanon Local asian shop owners and families gathered up to protect their area called winson green The day was august 10th and around 50 to 100 asian people armed with sticks and bricks Were out waiting for anyone who would loot any shops in the area But throughout the night cars started passing by looking for trouble Which ended with a car driving more than 40 miles per hour into a crowd killing three men defending their local territory Next day back in london. Sadly another life was lost to the riots a 68-year-old called richard bowles Died in someri's hospital after a three-day fight on laugh support a few days before this on august 8th Even in west london was under fire Just like everywhere else in london and groups of looters started gathering around the area Setting the light shops and looting them right in front of herds of officers that could do nothing This was when richard approached the group and had a dialogue with them Which till now no one really knows what was said after this richard attempted to stamp out a fire Which had started in a rubbish bin But while richard was stamping it out a rioters struck richard in the head knocking him out cold Several officers saw this but couldn't get to richard with a large group of people fighting back officers He tried to get close to him until riot shield officers managed to back off the rioters And shield him until paramedics took richard away cct I ain't gonna man. That's that's messed. This is messed up This this one footage even picked up that rioters even pickpocketed his wallet and phone while he was laying down Unconscious in the pool of blood and sadly a few days after he was pronounced dead But while all this was going on a control room in lambeth in south london was Watching everything with thousands of cameras set up across london being monitored by senior officers in the room With phone calls alongside social media platforms being watched by riot suspects back in 2011 The whole of london was locked in on a messaging platform called blackberry messenger Which was a messaging software exclusive to a phone called blackberries Which literally everybody had at the time and this was a big I always wanted a blackberry. You never could afford them Way police caught a lot of rioters in the act intercepting messages and statuses of plan loot and chaos Which ended with more than 3000 arrests connecting to the riot and the judges were not playing with the sentences They were really trying to prevent this from happening again So this doubt some of the harshest sentences the uk has seen in a while a woman who wasn't even part of the riot But received a pair of suits which was stolen during the riot Received a five month sentence in prison Which is crazy Overall the 2011 riots was a chaotic time and more than a decade later from the riots People say nothing's really changed quite recently We have even seen another issue of a police killing another unknown black man called chris kabor And it all just seems like history is repeating itself. However, this was they went and got fresh as hell Now Hugo boss jordan is all type of again, but that's a story for another day. It's been a boy kid nerd and peace out Peace hot kid need See you till i leave a like comment subscribe turn on the post man. Let me know if you was in the riots r.i.p mark


Welcome to Toffy TV. It is the match reaction. Everton won Manchester United three of Godderson Park today, third straight defeat for Everton today. Very disappointing, very poor performance by the Blues and comfortably beaten early in the end by United. Calomantialotty made a few changes to the team that lost a newcastle last week. James Coleman, Hammers, Rodriguez, Llewka Deane all returned along with Mason Holgate making his first appearance of the season and Guilty Sigardson replaced Andre Gomez in midfield, Bernard coming to start as well. It was a team I think a lot of people looked at it and thought ok. There's been a lot of discussion over Anthony Golden, he wasn't even in the 18 today. Calomantialotty made that call. You looked at the Manchester United side, no Mason Green up, but it was still a very strong United side. Paul Popock was on the bench. We knew it was going to be a tough game, we knew United could break on us and had the ability to hit us with Bruno Fernandez, Rashford, Marshall, all top players. The opening of 15, I think it was quite even and I think Everton, we kind of got a grip. We'd had an early opportunity with Dominic Alvert Llewyan flashed ahead there over the bar from a Bernard cross and Anthony Marshall had put one just wide, brilliant face touching, screwed a shot just wide. And then Everton struck the lead, long ball from Job and Pickford, Dominic Alvert Llewyan made a nuisance of himself and it broke to Bernard and he cut inside, hit it through Wambasach's legs to give Everton a lead and it was just the start, Everton wanted. And we were confident then we started soaking the ball around but then we can see the goal and it's such a cheap goal as well. Really poor from Everton's perspective. James Coleman doesn't block the cross, it comes into the box, Michael Keane just leaves Bruno Fernandez to run in and have a free header into the penalty area, free header right into the top corner, it's 1-1 and Everton had held the lead for just over four minutes and just such a sloppy goal. You know go out and stop the cross, Michael Keane is looking at all of play, there's nobody to mark, he sees Bruno Fernandez, go on mark him and he doesn't get between him and Mason Holgate, free header and it's 1-1. And then from then on Manchester United would have better side in the first half, no question about it. You know when in front Fernandez again we allow a simple pass right into the foot of Rashford, he controls it, turns out of Fernandez, he crosses it for Rashford. Rashford doesn't connect with it, it catches Pickford out off the far post and in, not convinced that Pickford done enough but it's gone in and you 3-1 down and from then on it looked a long way back and it was a long way back. Got in and out of time 3-1 down, came in out for the second half although Llywodraethun had had a great opportunity and you 3-1 down and you know Everton needing to raise the game. You had one brilliant move between Llywodraethun and Bernard, lovely reverse ball and demon on and hit the outside of the post, could have maybe threw it across for Don but he smashed it against the post and that was really it. Went in 2-1 a lot of time, hoping he'd come out with a little bit more vigor but the fact of the matter with this edit inside is without the charlison in it, we just don't look a threat. We had a Thomas Rodriguez playing, some lovely touches from him but just wasn't in the game enough, didn't look fit, certainly doesn't look the way he did in the first few games of the season so I don't know what. The man had just said yesterday he wasn't fully fit and he proved it today, he was on the periphery mostly, United did a good job on him but we huffed and puffed in the second half really without, we didn't test the hair and it was too off and we just resorted to a long ball to Dominic Alderloo and he had to try and get something from it. Just simply not good enough and the options off the bench just aren't there, haven't made a decision, a conscious decision to not bring in a forward player and let Moise Keane go out so I'm not going to stand there and go, Moise Keane had been here but we allowed a striker who could play out wide as well to go out on loan and we didn't bring one in and that is a poor decision as far as I'm concerned. It's a calculated risk but even if Ritialison would have been fit, we've proven just by taking him out, there's just nothing coming off the bench, there's nothing different at all coming off the bench. I don't think it's a quite a good game today, it's probably our best player, really. I don't think it's a quite a good game, Luca Dean played well, it's probably our best player but it doesn't get into the box enough but I just think you need that option from the bench and everything don't have it. We brought Shane Towson on in the second half, Alex Oboby come on and it was okay but nothing, nothing really to change the game with and the game just pitted out really everything, huffed them, puffed them, we only really had a couple of half chances in jury time. We had one which had to lie the corey blazed over the bar when he should have hit the target and then the corey had another opportunity, a decent opportunity just before United got their third goal and he missed kicked the ball back too, needed to connect. I don't know why he got a block on me, he didn't catch it properly, he did court that had been 2-2, he got a point. United break, we give the ball away, Coleman 2-2 week, it wasn't a very good ball but he's 2 week in the challenge. United break I think it's 4-2, Blashford squares it in Cavani, Noxford in it's 3-1, it's game over and that was the danger but I just think the real problem for Evan is without the charlots and there's nothing in that final third to complement and support Dominic Alvalun especially because Hamers drops Shane and does his work in and around, he drops into the half space as they call it, he's not right up with Dom, so Dom's just isolated and Guilty Sigartons played in midfield today, I've just seen a stat that he didn't pass the ball once to Dominic Alvalun, what's he in the midfield for? He can't tackle, he can't run, I don't understand what his role is and all's a team to do to me is limit what the Corry can do because the Corry has to cover for him and yet I think at the moment the manager's got needs to look at that make-up at the midfield and maybe until John Felipe O'Bannon's fit, he plays someone like Ben Godfrey in there just because he's played in there before, he's big and strong, he's quick and it might free up the Corry to attack or try and maybe try a woby in there or something like that. I don't know, but today we just weren't good enough and United did you have to win and it's disappointing, it's a third defeat on the run, we've come back from the international break, before the international break we won every game you played, we've come back and played four games, I haven't won a single one of them, one point out of 12 being an absolutely atrocious return of points after getting 12 out of 12, so the hope is that we'll come back after this next international break and pick it up with Fulham away. It's a tricky game, it's a game you can win but it will be, we need to see how that's going back and we need to somehow get a pattern of play back and get a shape back because at the minute we're just a little bit ponders, we just look a little bit ponders, whether that's just simply because players are Corry and injuries, I don't know, but today United were well worth the victory. Man, it don't matter to me, I want to give it to Bernard, good goal, thought he was quite lively all the way through and there wasn't that many other candidates, I don't think Luca Dean, like you said, ran him close other than that, I thought that was it really. Disappointing afternoon at Godderson Park again, so man, Manchester United three, make sure you give the video a thumbs up, subscribe if you want more videos, join us on page and see you later.