In 2000, Hungarian locals mourned the death by throwing flowers into the tizer. The tradition is usually done when someone drowns in the water, however it is the river itself that is being mourned. The poisoning of the waters would be known as one of the worst environmental disasters in Europe, second only to Chernobyl. Cyanide invokes a feeling of fear as the dangerous chemical compound is maybe most known as a poison used to take a person's life. However it has many other uses, especially in industrial settings and today's subject is about one of these uses and that is the mining of gold. Today we're looking at the Bayer Mare cyanide spill and it's as nightmarish as you imagine, thus I'm rating it here on the plainly difficult disaster scale. Bayer Mare is a small city in Mara Marech county which lies in Romania's northwestern border with Ukraine and Hungary. The region has had a long history of mining operations and this tradition was still happening in the late 90s with gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper, manganese and salt operations. Towards the late 90s a company named Ural SA had been finishing up acquiring all the licenses needed to operate. This seven-year process completed in 1999 and that meant that the part Australian Esmeralda exploration limited, part Romanian government owned planting in Bayer Mare could start operations. The plant was designed to process around 2.5 million tons of tailings per year to reclaim around 1.6 tons of gold and 9 tons of silver. The contract for the new company was greatly received as it planned to clean up the polluting waste ponds that littered the region. Three large ponds were immediately near Bayer Marech. On top of that around 200 new jobs would be created, much needed in an area with high unemployment. Part of the cleanup was to reprocess waste extract from previous precious metals mining and then store it in a new safer pond. Cyanide was the chemical choice for the separation operations allowing Ural to get as much of the precious materials out of the waste as possible. The waste sludge tailings once obtained from nearby Old Meda Pond was separated in a ball mill before undergoing two successive steps of cyanide leaching and carbon leaching. The residue water plus leachates were then pumped into a pipeline to the new pond. The pond was a modern plastic line 96 hectare capacity sedimentation basin, surrounded by an interior dike and a smaller exterior dike. Between the two dikes a canal was dug to collect any effluent which may still contain cyanide. Anything collected in this area was sent back to be reprocessed. However the design of the canal did not allow for any substantial leaks caused by a dike failing or significant overtopping. To increase capacity the interior dike was raised as more tailings were stored. The total project was predicted to run between 15 to 20 years however Ural hoped to lengthen this with more local contracts for reprocessing other wastes. During January 2000 around 70 centimetres of snow fell on Biomery. Very nice for that part of the year however this raised the water level at the Ural pond, rising it by around 36 litres per metre squared. The operator didn't do any type of preventative work to remove the extra liquid. The higher level would tip the balance into the disaster zone after heavy rainfall towards the end of January. Ural was working within Romanian law and government permits. The plants and ponds were categorised as regular risk and did not require any emergency planning or monitoring to detect dangerous situations. At 10pm on the 30th of January 2000 a piece of dike 25 metres long by 2.5 metres wide broke away from the interior dike. The flowing materials topped over the canal between the two dikes and broke past the exterior structure releasing into the Sasa River. The contamination then flowed into the Lapis River before joining the Soms River which crosses the border with Hungary. From Soms the effluent reached the Taiza River, a tributary to the Danube. Remember this for later. Faced with a torrent of cyanide and heavy metal contaminated water, Ural attempted to stop the flow with sediments from other ponds. At 11pm Ural stopped the operations of its plant and informed the local and national government of Romania. The attempt was somewhat successful by 1.30am on the 31st of January. However before the disaster would be over some 287,000 cubic meters of effluent containing 115 tonnes of cyanide and heavy metals would be released into the water course. After the partial stemming of the breach, Ural did control discharge of around 50 litres per second, mixing it with sodium hydrochlorate to neutralise the cyanide, although this, if ingested, can be a carcinogen. Authorities in Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria and Ukraine were informed of the spillage. Unfortunately, in a breakdown of communication, the local EPA and Romanian waters authority weren't informed by Ural for nearly 10 hours post-event, leading to many ingesting contaminated waters. Later locals would report headaches and sickness, likely caused by the delay in communication. On 2 February at 1.30am the leak was stopped as the breach was finally filled, although strengthening works would carry on for the best part of the week. Dead fish started to appear in the water nearby, hinting at the beginning of an ecological disaster. This would not be the end as the contamination continued to flow downstream. The cyanide concentration was around 19mg a litre in the Lapis River. By 4 February the cyanide had reached the tizer at a concentration of 2mg a litre. By the time it reached the Danube, over 800km of waterways had been affected with measurements at 0.2mg a litre. On the 18th, some 2,000km downstream from the failed dyke, cyanide was still traceable at 0.05mg a litre. The cyanide had reached 5 countries, affecting fishing, irrigation and drinking water, leading to temporary prohibitions. In anticipation of water supply issues, the Hungarian government gave out bottled water to the affected areas. The local ecosystem and food chain were all bit killed off by the cyanide and the addition of bleach, with some 1,241 tons of fish found dead in the Hungarian section of the tizer. The reason for the high number of fish deaths is because they are around 1,000 times more sensitive to cyanide than humans. In addition to the fish, thousands of animals were found dead from the contaminated water. The victims list included swans, gulls, pheasants, pigeons, foxes, dogs, cats, rabbits, horses, otters, deer, hawks, osprey and ducks. Pretty much anything that would have drunk the water or eaten anything in the food chain. Regardless of the contamination, both cyanide and bleach aren't great for living a long life. The nearby village of Byzanta Mary's water source was from shallow wells within the catchment area of the Oral tailings pond. On the 10th of February, the village's well had over 80 times the safe limit for cyanide. On the 26th of February, cyanide levels fell, but concentrations of cadmium, copper, manganese and iron were higher than admissible in Romanian law. Initially, Esmeralda's chairman, Brett Montgomery, claimed the disaster had been grossly exaggerated, and bizarrely claimed the death toll of the fish in the region was due to a lack of oxygen due to ice on the rivers. It would take another two years before the ecosystems affected by the spill would begin to recover, however, fish catches were recorded at only a fifth of pre-disaster levels. The plant was pressed back into operation in May 2000. New management selected in September 2001, installed a cyanide effluent treatment plant, along with a 250,000 cubic meter stormwater basin designed to handle overflow. However, another spill would blight the area again just a few weeks later when a dike burst in Bia Borsa, releasing some 2,000 cubic meters of zinc, lead and copper contaminated effluent. It would take over 10 years for the ecosystem to fully bounce back, long after all stopped operating the site in 2006. The site would subsequently be taken over by a company owned by Polyus Gold, the largest gold producer in Russia. The Romanian parliament tried to ban gold cyanidation several times, however, this has yet to win and the use of the chemical still happens today. The disaster has been described as Europe's second Chernobyl, in terms of environmental effects, with drinking water of over 2.5 million people contaminated. I won't say either way on that one, but maybe let's see what the comments section thinks. I hope you enjoyed the video. If you'd like to support the channel financially, you can on Patreon from $1 per creation, and that gets you early access to videos and access to votes. I have a YouTube membership as well from 99p per month and that gets you early access to videos. Check me out on Twitter and also if you'd like to wear my merch you can purchase it at my Teespring store. And all that's left to say is thank you for watching.


Hey everybody, welcome back to the channel today. I'm going to be talking a little bit about MX Linux now I'm going to attempt and install of it here in a virtual machine in just a moment. So but first I Would like to ask this question. Why is MX Linux so popular? So if we go to distra watch calm We'll see number one rank here is at MX Linux and it's not even really close is by a thousand points or whatever these things are And it's been that way for Months and months maybe even years. I don't even know it's been a long time. Every time I come here MX Linux is The number one it's for the last six months. At least it's been at the top My question is why so what first of all, what is MX Linux? MX Linux is a Debian based distro. Let's see how they just actually describe it It makes Linux a desktop-oriented Linux distribution based on Debian stable branch. So this is gonna be Debian Buster, I think I'm not sure I'm not that is familiar with Debian as I probably should be is a cooperative venture between Antax uses XFC as a desktop as a default desktop is a midway operating system designed to combine an element efficient Desktop with simple configuration high stability and solid performance and medium-sized footprint What makes it special? Why is it number one? So we're gonna install it today to find out So let's go over here to the virtual machine and see if we can make this thing her full screen, which we can we can do So this is this is MX Linux, this is the KDE version So they do have a KDE version, which is one that I chose because Katie is awesome Let's go ahead and Use your demo password demo. Okay I believe this is gonna be the install close Installer All right, let's let's install us. Ooh. Oh This is a custom installer. How nice I have no clue what I'm doing. Let's see here. That means we're going to read the instructions MX is an independent Linux distribution based on Debian stable MX Linux uses some components from MEPI as they don't know what it is Linux which are released under the Apache free license Enjoy using MX Linux change keyboard settings. It was look perfectly fine Let's modify partitions run partition tool Okay, so this is just the KDE partition manager, which Believe it or not. I've never actually used the KDE partition manager before it's always departed Even even went on the KDE distributions that I've used before it's always been GT parted So let's go ahead and create a new partition table We'll do MS-DOS. I believe is the one that we want apply. Okay, that succeeded partition new We're just gonna do a whole the whole thing here There's nowhere here to market as root though at it mount point Maybe I should have used the XFC version because I know what he'll be able to use G-parted. Okay Or she wanted to shave changes major made. Yes, sure Hmm, well, let's go ahead and give it a try. It's probably nice. You're gonna succeed. We're gonna try auto install using the full disk No, don't need to do that. Do next Okay, so it's gonna partition it Install grub on Linux using for Linux windows. Yep, that'll work. It does allow you to cook I wonder if Well, cool. So you can keep going while that's working. That is a neat installer That's kind of similar to how the ubiquity installer works if I remember right because while you're setting up your user and stuff It's actually already installing the system action after you've get after it's received all the information that it needs to receive So we'll say we'll keep the computer name is MX We're gonna delete that domain because we do not need a domain name or the we can keep the work group the same It requires a domain name.  This is ten times superior This is if there's no other reason why MX Linux is number one on the list. That could be the reason why I Even allows you to choose the format of the time. Wow, okay I'm gonna leave the service service system service settings Just the way they are. There's no sense in mixing that up Okay, let's see here We don't need to show passwords save live desktop changes. Oh, that's neat cool So you could actually go through and customize everything you wanted.  Oh That's because I actually changed use my full name instead of just my username, okay? Be good if I actually read the Instructions there we go, and now we're just waiting for it to finish This is a really nice little installer. It's not pretty But it's really nice I'm really enjoyed that actually We'll have to see what it what all it installs Automatically reboot your system when this Installer is closed. I do not want to do that I want to finish this and then I want to shut it down because that way I can remove the Installation media from the virtual machine. I shut down here. We go And you should that should close here for any moment now. Yeah, we're just gonna do this close off the machine Do this settings Storage is empty already. Okay. Good Sometimes it does sometimes it does sometimes it doesn't sometimes it leaves it in there. Sometimes it doesn't I don't know why Okay, and we'll make this full screen again All right Here we go See if it see if it boots So far not explicitly Happy with the boot time, but it's a virtual machine. So who knows what it actually is. Oh, here we go and it's full screen good Oops You can always tell how slow that that was really quick. Yeah, I'm very good. You want on that? That's what that was really good. I mean that the boot up time between, you know, boot up and getting into SDDM was You know a little slower than what I was expecting, but I'm assuming that's virtual machine problems But between the login and getting the KD was really I mean just lickly split lickety split All right, so we got frequent ask questions and user manuals wiki tools tweak What this is doesn't actually there we go Interesting. Okay, cool This is not default from KD. This is something that MX Linux actually has enable single quick show windows I'm assuming that single quick means Yeah, that's good. That's the way it should be anybody who thinks that double-clicking and KD is the way to open files is just wrong This is my contrast make this smaller and apply that actually ended up getting bigger. I don't know it doesn't matter Enable kernel sandbox enable mounting of internal hard drives by non-root users. I'll leave that alone. We'll close. Okay, cool For arms videos contribute. This is a nice little startup thing and Thank You MX Linux for not checking this show out dialogue on startup by Automatically every other distribution checks out automatically and you have to check it. This is the way it should be That's really cool. All right. Let's go through and see what they have installed. So education library office is installed a few few of the regular, you know Linux games the Majang and mines and Sudoku Graphics, let's see Digicam, which is I think is gonna be for your Like webcam. I'm not actually sure what that is. Gimp is installed. G stance G scan PDF is installed when view is of image viewer Oculars also an image viewer simple scan for scanning a Firefox KPPP, which is obviously gonna be a KDE Base thing Thunderbird and kTorrent Multimedia so VLC is here Clementine is here So we get also mixer and pulse audio those are things for controlling the volume and stuff MX tools. Let's see here. This is just gonna be mostly just setting stuff MX cleanup. I wonder what MX cleanup is I'm gonna find out Indication user This is probably going to be too late to clear cash. So this is basically like a Wonder if this is even kind of forked off from bleach bit. That's cool Interesting, okay You have to clean caches and stuff empty the trash and you can oh you can and you can schedule it That is amazing. I love it. I'm using You if MX Linux was based on arch and had the a you are oh man, I'd be switching Just for this one feature. That's awesome I wonder if you can download this just like from a get or something and just use it I'm gonna have to I'm gonna have to find out cuz that's cool. I Get excited about the weirdest things people. I just do okay Let's see what else we got here codex installer Which is gonna be to install like mp3 codex and stuff boot options. I don't know what this is Can you like choose the the? Okay, so this boot so you can change the menu timeout for the for grub You can change the That's that's good. That's awesome. This reminds me a lot of the Arco Linux tweak tool only that's kind of all in one This is all kind of separated Man, that's cool. That's good What else I'm so far. I'm very impressed Let's see here repo manager is probably to choose like which Maybe mirrors you're using I'm not sure Because Debbie and I believe calls their mirrors repos, right? I'm not actually sure. I've never actually used debris Debian proper before I think I tried to install it one time MX tools so this is where they're all together. Okay USB live maker so that's so you don't have to use a like etcher or something Clean up That's your bash config It's a gooey way to manage your bash aliases what I Mean it's cool, but as a Linux user. I don't really need that I can just I mean I can just go into you know a Terminal and type in them about bash our bash RC And It's easy enough Yeah, I don't need to disclose. I don't need you to ask my permission It's cool. I'm just like I said, I'm not sure that it's necessary. It's uh, you can change prompt Fancy prompt. What does that mean? I don't know what that means There's your fancy fancy fly Control alt T. What does that look like? That's your fancy prompt What else you got Just what wide looks like close this. It's basically the same. It's cool. I suppose um, I don't usually use bash I use zsh. I wonder if they have a way to change the the To zsh easily And video driver and so I wish I don't need to get into this, you know Just normal stuff date and time conky select sound brightness that you're straight tweak It's gonna be that one to choose where the placement of the panel is Cool. I wonder what's under other Other oh, we already looked at this. Okay, cool. All right What else? Welcome system keyboard locale's GPG K key fixture, which is oh, that's pretty cool Cuz you have a lot of problem on arch links every once in a while. You'll have problems with GPG's I'm apparently you have that same problem on Debbie and Okay, so I'm really very impressed with the MX tools thing That reminds me a lot of arco tweak tool Only you can't go through and install other desktop environments with it That's where this falls down But it's it's cool though Yeah, I'm very very very impressed with that. All right, so we went through MX tools office is just Libre office With a couple PDF things. It actually does have two PDF things installed which because we had one up here Under graphics you have One must be an OS like a To what is what do they call OCC OSC something? I don't know. I think until I don't use PDF I mean come on. I who use PD uses PDFs unless you're working in office. I guess System these are just regular system tools All right, so let's go ahead and look at the So they don't actually have here we go system tool I would like to see what themes they have installed. So let's see here Workspace theme They have their own custom theme which This just looks like breeze theme to me Dark one always look better to me the desktop theme Yep, just the normal stuff nothing fancy. I guess you don't really need anything fancy On that is just regular stock Katie wonder do we have like an Never remember where they move the about stuff about system So this is using Katie plasma version 5.14. Ooh, that's behind but it's good Remember, this is Debian and Debian always uses the most stable stable stuff, but I Can't remember. I don't think 514 is the last LTS on of Katie. I might be wrong on that Using the KDE frameworks versions. It doesn't have the apps version here, but I'm guessing the apps version is also significantly behind But again, I want to say that that's not a big deal when you're using Debian your main goal here is always going to be Stability so you want something that's always going to work even if you're way far behind This is not a rolling release like arch where you get everything brand new now They do have repositories where you can go through and install the newer stuff The I think it's called like back ports or something But for the most part which you want is you know For just to work all the time. Nothing ever gonna ever gonna, you know, stop it from working Overall like man, is that really cool? I Don't run games or whatever in a virtual machine. So I'm not gonna give that If you're looking for that experience, you'll have to look on somebody else's channel I don't do a very good job with gaming with 128 megabytes of video RAM Which is all virtual box can do unless you do the whole GPU pass-through thing and I don't have a actual second graphics card in order to do that. So For the most part, I just go through the installation process, which was really good in this case I mean, I highly enjoy that custom installer The MX tools thing is just phenomenal. So To go back to the question I asked at the beginning why is MX Linux so popular now I haven't used this for very long. So I can't proclaim. That's the most stable thing ever, but I know from You know some friends and stuff that are big Debian users Debian is probably the most stable Linux distribution you can use and this is based on Debian so The question I would have is why wouldn't you just use Debian and The answer to that question is obviously the installer for me is way better. I've I vaguely remember trying to install Debian like two years ago or something and the installer is just not as good as This if I remember right second They've done a really good job of making this a polished experience. This is probably one of my favorite KDE You know out of the box experiences that I've had in a virtual machine It's just works the manjara one and the endeavor OS ones are not the same. They're Very laggy. I mean They're that's not the problem of those distros. They just aren't Tooled or whatever to work in a virtual machine very well. So very impressed I mean so Why is man? Why is MX Linux so popular because it seems to be pretty damn good if I like I said earlier if this used If this used arch instead of Debbie, I mean My heart would just you know Die if I moved away from the AUR But man is this tent tempting if if I ever have to go through and Distra hop MX likes might be the one that I choose because that was really good Anyways, if you liked this video give it a thumbs up if he didn't give it a thumbs down I really do appreciate everyone who subscribes to the channel. So make sure you subscribe. I published videos seven days a week One of those is usually a podcast. So make sure to check out the Linux cast you can subscribe and all that kind of stuff And follow us on Twitter and all that we do really do appreciate it. Thanks for watching. I'll see you tomorrow


It is the worst addiction I think that you can have so much money wasted, but in the best way, it's awesome. We're at Alamo City Motorplex for Club Loose Texas Spring Moves. When we do these and we see people having just a good time with their friends, their family, and they come out month after month after month and want to spend the day with us. It's cool. Super cool. Drifting pretty much takes up most of my time and energy and effort. It's such a cool community of people that look out for each other. I have a 2016 Mustang EcoBoost. I didn't really want a Mustang. I just wanted a 240 that wouldn't break. This is the closest that you can get nowadays to a modern S chassis. Turbo four-cylinder, rear-wheel drive, manual transmission. Yeah, I love it. Drifting is a rolling car show. If your car doesn't look good, I think that loses a whole lot of it. For this car, it's definitely not a drift missile. I like to think of the Japanese drivers that I looked up to when I was first getting into drifting. It's just very simple stuff. Everybody always mounts the Power FC commander right there on the other side of the radio. So I did the same thing with the access board. I just kind of like fit it in there. So it's kind of set up like a Power FC. So the car scene in San Antonio is smaller, tighter knit. There's a lot of overlap between San Antonio and Austin. You get to know each other on a more personal level, I feel like. No, I never thought I'd be running a drift event. Never. Club Blue started with the East Coast guys up in New Jersey at a place called English Town. They've been drifting for 16 years. We approached the East Coast guys and asked them if we could carry the name down here using their rule book, not focused on competition, just focused on having fun with your friends and just what the core of drifting is all about. It's been awesome. Doing something that gives back to other people is my favorite part.


Good morning Marvel squad Welcome back to our channel. As you guys can see we're both dressed in red and green because today We are doing a shopping challenge. I feel like you're more comfy than me. I dressed up cute You kind of dressed up. Whoa, so you're saying I'm not cute. No, you are cute, but I'm more cute today Wow, wow. Okay. Let me just focus the attention on me now because I lost the table I know our house is freaking dirty and do I know it's funny We said our last video that we were gonna clean it and we ended up not cleaning it Besides that today. We are doing a holiday colored shopping challenge. We did this video exactly one year ago December of 2021 and Mariah was actually green and I was red. So instead of just randomly picking a color We're gonna just totally switch it up this year I'm gonna be green Mariah is gonna be red and we're gonna see who can buy the most What are we gonna win? I'm gonna win. Target, right? Yeah No, there's not. Yes, there is. There's just as much green They died the chips red. Watch this ready Christmas tree green Garland green ready for this Green hat. Look it. I could buy everything. I could buy those trees. I could buy this tree Who cares look at this has green in it. I think as long as it has some green in it it counts What? Okay, then we got to set some rules for this challenge You can buy the color that you choose The actual color so it has to be like 90% of the color. Yes, you can't have See now that is what that that's cheating because guys calm down a little bit cheating I don't think that she can have it has some of your color in a count that is 90% red only like 10% green so okay? We're already starting this off as the argument as you can tell me and Mariah are super competitive So this is gonna be funny to see who actually comes through and buys the most stuff There is no money limit in this video So we're just gonna be running through target finding everything that we can in our color and whoever has the most Stuff by the end of this video is gonna win if it comes down to a tiebreaker you guys are gonna break the tie So make sure to stay tuned watch this video all the way through and I think it's time to go to target Are you ready? You ready start the challenge? All right, baby. Why are we going down the baby aisle? You're not getting diapers. Are you trying to hint at something? We just got to target Mariah's first thing was gonna be poinsettias which is a flower But I know cats are highly allergic to it. So that is one thing that I can't get I don't want to bring it It's the house, but you can get diapers if you want our targets red. I could just grab the whole store Honestly, you can since the emblem is red if you can carry the whole store home Honestly, I feel like that'd be an automatic win, but I doubt I doubt that's even ever possible I won't get You can get them if you want it's okay. I'll play it fair. So we're just gonna be throwing stuff in the car Are you ready the challenge is starting right now? Wait? I need the car to give me my basket at least I Think I found my first object, babe. Look it doesn't match the shirt. You might be up one doesn't match the shirt Yep, then I can get it that counts one Wow, you know what? Don't know. It's funny though. It's right next to a green So cancel that out Honestly, I should just do that whatever Mariah grabs. I'm just gonna find a green version of it Why you can't just leave the car in the middle of the aisle, babe? What is that a red cat toy? Oh, it is for a cat. It is for a cat What's red so you can technically get it Oh This is cute, I'm gonna get it Mariah is going way too slow with the car right now So I just decided to take my phone and go row grab my own basket and just start filling it up Because I feel like the more stuff as she sees me put my basket the more stuff that she's gonna want to get so I got to play Get out of here. She's trying to be sneaky. Okay, but I'm gonna I'm just gonna be shoving as much stuff in this basket As I can I'm gonna fill it up like literally as fast as I can Look at this girl What are you doing?  Mint, yeah, that's green. I don't care if it even looks a little teal. Mint is green, so I count I see lots of green in this marshmallow bag, so that counts So I'm gonna get this as well I want to find some more Exciting stuff because all I actually put it up in the house So as of right now, I'm not only getting like candy and stuff, but I'm gonna try to find some really cute red stuff So stay tuned This is so cute I am getting one. Oh my god.  Oh my god. Oh you're coming home with me All right, we're gonna turn them off right now. Oh my god. That was the cutest thing ever That is definitely coming with me I see some really cute reindeer right here, and I'm definitely gonna get it. It's so cute. I love it That's going in my car. You're coming home with me. Oh, yeah, you're kidding me, right? That's going in the car And Mariah said finding green would be hard I think there's more green here than red in some parts Let's just get a red bow for heck of it because why not I think it's super cute go on a present Screw it I'm gonna get this because I'm down bad and this is me alley Christmas for a cat and we're gonna put this by the cat room So it'll work All right, I feel like this challenge just started and I'm already done like I'm tapping out I literally cannot fit anymore in my basket and I think I have more stuff than Mariah is even gonna be able to grab She's just going around doing what I'm doing now and just grabbing stuff, but I grabbed a lot I least have like 30 items in my bag and Mariah. She's at like seven. So the chances of her winning I'm not even gonna tell her how many items I got I'm just gonna hope that she doesn't put enough to beat me, but I think I'm good I think I'm ready. I literally cannot even handle carrying my basket anymore. Let's see what this girl got up her sleeve Are you doing babe? What's the halfway checkup?  All right. How do you think you did baby? Well seeing how much you got at the end. I don't know but at the same time it looked like we had a similar I know actually when we were checking out Mariah actually a lot more than I thought that car just made it look smaller Yeah, so I'm concerned. I'm actually am like I think I still have more Mariah started grabbing a lot of stuff at the end. You actually started like Yeah, I did so I guess we're just gonna have to wait till we get home. We're gonna dump it all on the table We're gonna count them up and we're gonna see who became champ of this challenge. It's definitely gonna be me Definitely gonna be me There's a lot. All right, so we made it home guys. Once again, there was no spending limit We literally just went around and grabbed as much as we could within an hour and this is what we were at So we're just gonna sort them all out right now and hope that one of us comes in. Yeah with more I'm gonna count as I go, so I gotta be totally zoned in Let's use these as to divide the table So that's my half I don't want all your red stuff over here Wait, you actually have a lot look at this is your bag You thought I have nothing because your little baby part had more This might be I got through these but I'm only gonna count one because I don't can get to the same. That's just not fair Well, I have a lot of small stuff. I'm actually not scared anyone I have a lot of small stuff This might be close actually I think my small stuff might have gave me some leeway But Yeah, how did you know how many you have? Hey, let me cut mine. I have 20 Like how one more time What do you have anything here that you think doesn't count because I want to I want to look through yours first Okay, the only thing I feel like don't wouldn't count is this because it's a mixture of bulls Are you serious? Yeah, because that's kind of like it's a mixture of both like I feel like you want to have it's got a little more green This looks like red and green. It doesn't look green. All right. Let's fill that out. That's fine You know like yeah, I saw that when you were checking out.  No, I think you're sorry It's great. Well, how do you have others at the top screen, right? Yeah, so all right Tell me you already know just to subtract what you already did all right. What do you have? I have you won. I know it What? She took away Five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty I think you did 20. Yeah, so I have 20. I have 21 Literally rushing the aisle grabbing everything I could and I still only ended up with one over you That just shows how close this was And you thought I was way on but who got the best I don't what do you think the best item was me this That's actually I but look at I got some fruit snacks. Oh that lights up watch watch it comes up Oh Mariah definitely won for the best item and probably the most expensive item I Won with more items So really who's the real one He's my buddy That's so funny. I actually really like that. That's my favorite Don't get out of the tree. God tree like that, but you guys I hope you enjoyed this I love doing these every year. I think they're so much fun like Teeville came in with the clutch One last year was it you I don't I think it was me. I think I'm always winning challenges. No Mama, thank you so much for watching this video I'm super hyped to take the win today Make sure to comment down below some other video ideas that you have especially for this end of the year 2022 is coming to a wrap. It's literally about to be 2023 So what are some of the last videos you want to see from us for 2022? Never be in this year ever again That's crazy. All right you guys. We will see you in the next video Peace love you guys


Stakeholders in the security and educational sectors have called for peaceful coexistence among online insurance, irrespective of their religious, ethnic or political affiliations. The call was made at a program held in a bill called the Open State Capital on Saturday by the Peace and Social Advancement Center, a non-governmental organization. The stakeholders noted that one of the challenges rocking the nation despite being democratic is the challenges of pluralism, adding that a challenge is divided in Nigerians. Speaking to Plasti, the commander of the Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps, NSC-DC Open State Chapter, Commandant David Ido'u, Jelani, who was a speaker at the event, insisted that Nigerians must work together to ensure that peace reigns in the nation. First and foremost, we all need to recognize the fact that we all have important rules to play as citizens of the country, just like multi-trial diplomacy. All us need to be on deck. When everybody plays their part, they play their role. When we put them together, it becomes the whole that we are all expecting to do the better, the better and peaceful society. So, when you see ourselves as citizens of the country, wherever we find ourselves in any of the geopolitical zone, let us be identified with the cultural setting of that area. We will play your important role in that area. As secret agencies, they may even define that putting on the uniform does not make you more important than those who are not wearing uniform. We are all privileged to wear uniform. So, when we wear the uniform, we should expect a responsibility to be to protect that same member of the society, because we are mere citizens on uniform. A day is coming when we put off the uniform and become ordinary citizens. So, everybody, wherever we find ourselves as state governors, as president, ministers, commissioners, honorables, senators, our chairman of local government, let's believe that we are all citizens of this country. Yeah, I mean, when we talk about peace, we cannot talk of peace in isolation of fairness and justice. Everybody knows what is good, everybody knows what is bad, but when you have a group of people coming together to live in peace, when you do a fundamental check on that, you will see that fairness and justice must have reign in that kind of system for it to engender the kind of peace that you find. In addition to that, in this part of the world, we pay this service to so many things. We pay this service to inclusion, we pay this service to democracy, we pay this service to living in a cordial environment. Cordiality is a product of fairness and justice. Today, we interpret like an incentive into a great issue around pluralism. We felt our diversification, what we are seeing. So, it's center and it's all the way.


Changes in your diet not only affect you physically, physiologically inside, but also mentally, how well you think, psychologically, how well you feel. But you'll never know just how good you can feel until you put it to the test and try eating healthier. Welcome to the Nutrition Facts Podcast, I'm your host, Dr. Michael Greger. Today we look at the not-so-sweet side of sweeteners, and we start with one called erythritol. It's funny when you search for information about the low-calorie sweetener erythritol in the scientific literature, you stumble across papers like this, describing a use for erythritol that I had not imagined. But you think that's explosive? What about headlines like these? Erythritol associated with increased body fat in young adults, metabolic dysfunction, coronary heart disease, heart failure, pre-diabetes, full-blown diabetes, and diabetic complications like kidney damage and blindness. But wait, I thought erythritol has been reported to be totally safe and even like have antioxidant properties. Let's take a closer look at these studies. Upon entering college, many young adults experienced weight gain, the dreaded freshman 15, which can start them off on the wrong course in life in terms of developing chronic illness, but not all freshmen do, so researchers wanted to try to tease out why some gained weight and others didn't. So on one of their first days at school, a bunch of students got their blood drawn and then nine months later were re-weight and got more blood taken. About a quarter of the students maintained a stable weight, but the other three quarters gained, in average, about 9 pounds. Then they did something interesting. They pulled the blood of all those who remained stable, compared that to the collection of blood from all the gainers to see if they could pick out any differences. And the ones that gained weight had significantly higher levels of erythritol in their blood, and not just a little, 15 times higher levels. Those found to have poor blood sugar control had 21 times higher blood erythritol levels. And same thing with heart disease. What did people who developed heart disease have more in their blood than those who didn't? Erythritol. Same thing with diabetes and diabetic complications. Okay, so what's going on? Is erythritol contributing to obesity and heart disease and diabetes, or is it just an innocent bystander? Maybe it's reverse causation, meaning instead of erythritol leading to more weight gain, maybe weight gain led to more erythritol. After all, who tends to go for the low-calorie sweeteners? But wait a second. In this study, for example, they took blood before and after a period of over 20 years. Was erythritol even around back then? The first blood draws were in the 80s, and erythritol wasn't approved until 2001. Same thing with the heart disease study. The blood samples were taken in the late 80s, so the presence of erythritol in their blood cannot be explained by consumption of erythritol as a sugar replacement. So wait, how did they end up with so much erythritol in their system? Their own body made it. We know that your body can take excess blood sugar and convert it into erythritol.  It turns out erythritol is a pentose-phosphate pathway metabolite, meaning that's the pathway by which blood sugar is converted into erythritol. And the pentose-phosphate pathway is a protective pathway. It's a way your body disposes of excess blood sugar by trying to convert the sugar into other things to bring down blood sugar levels. So having erythritol in your system seems to be a consequence of too high sugars, not the cause. So no wonder erythritol is associated with diabetes. That may be just like saying high blood sugar levels are associated with high blood sugar levels, and high blood sugars are also associated with obesity and heart disease. In fact, erythritol synthesis could be an adaptive mechanism to counter the oxidative stress induced by obesity and high blood glucose. In other words, not just a way to reduce blood sugar, but since erythritol can act as an antioxidant, maybe your body is making it specifically to help sop up the mess. The bottom line is there's no studies linking the consumption of erythritol to any disease outcomes. But the flip side of that is, yeah, the studies that have been done on erythritol do show it to be relatively innocuous and possibly beneficial, but the effects of chronic erythritol consumption have not been evaluated either way. That's where the science was until 2023 when a prestigious lab out of Cleveland Clinic found increased clonics susceptibility in human blood in a test tube and mouse blood in a mouse artery. That was at blood concentrations like 45 micromoles or even 290, but have people chug two tablespoons of the stuff, and erythritol blood levels jump up into the thousands within a matter of minutes. And so until we have clinical studies exonerating the stuff, I would recommend people to stay away from erythritol. Next up we look at the conflicting data on the intake of aspartame, sold as Nutrisuit with respect to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, and pancreatic cancer. The approval of aspartame has a controversial history. The FDA commissioner concluded that there was reasonable certainty that human exposure of aspartame would not pose a risk of brain damage, resulting in mental retardation, hormonal dysfunction, or both and will not cause brain tumors. However, the FDA's own public board of inquiry withdrew their approval over cancer concerns. Furthermore, several FDA scientists advised against the approval citing the aspartame company's own brain tumor tests. The commissioner approved aspartame anyway, before he left the FDA and enjoyed a $1,000 a day consultancy position with the aspartame company's PR firm. Then the FDA actually prevented the National Toxicology Program from doing further cancer testing. So we were left with people battling over different rodent studies, some of which showed increased cancer risk and some of which that didn't. It reminds me of the whole saccharine story where it caused bladder cancer in rats, but not mice, leaving us with unanswerable questions like, so are we more like a rat or a mouse? We obviously had to put the aspartame question to the test in people, but the longest human safety study lasted only 18 weeks. We needed better human data. Since the largest rat study highlighted lymphomas and leukemias, the NIH AARP study tracked blood cancer diagnoses, and higher levels of aspartame intake were not associated with the risk of cancer. It's a massive study, but was criticized for only evaluating relatively short-term exposure. People were only studied for five years. Hey, better than 18 weeks, but how about 18 years? All eyes then turned to Harvard, which started following the health and diets of medical professionals since before aspartame even came on the market. In the most comprehensive long-term population study to evaluate the association between aspartame intake and cancer risk in humans, they did find an association between both diet soda and total aspartame intake, and the risk of both non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in men, and leukemia in both men and women. Okay, but why more cancer in men than women? A similar result was found for pancreatic cancer in diet soda, not soda in general. In fact, the only sugar tied to pancreatic cancer risk was the milk sugar lactose. It was the diet soda. So the male-female discrepancy could have just been a statistical fluke, but they decided to dig a little deeper. Aspartame is broken down into methanol, and the methanol is turned into formaldehyde, a documented human carcinogen. The same enzyme that detoxifies regular alcohol is the same enzyme that converts methanol to formaldehyde. Is it possible men just have higher levels of this enzyme than women? Yes, that's why women get higher blood alcohol levels drinking the same amount of alcohol. If you look at liver samples from men and women, there's significantly greater enzyme activity in the men. So maybe that explains the increased cancer risk in men, the higher conversion rates from aspartame to formaldehyde. But how do we test it, though? Ethanol-regular alcohol competes with methanol for the same enzyme's attention. In fact, regular alcohol is actually used as an antidote for methanol poisoning. So men who don't drink may have higher formaldehyde conversion rates from aspartame if this whole formaldehyde theory is correct, and indeed, consistent with this line of reasoning, it was the men that drank the least alcohol that appeared to have the greatest cancer risk from aspartame. A third cohort study has since been published and found no increased lymphoma risk associated with diet soda during a 10-year follow-up period. So no risk detected in the 18-week study, the 5-year study, or the 10-year study, only in the 18-year study. What should we make of all this? Well, some have called for a re-evaluation of the safety of aspartame. Of course, it's gonna out of the barn at this point with 34 million pounds of the stuff produced annually, but that doesn't mean we have to eat it, especially, perhaps, pregnant women and children. Finally today, the natural plant-based sweeteners, stevia and monk fruit, are pitted head-to-head against aspartame and splenda. A number of artificial sweeteners have been FDA approved in North America, including aspartame and sucralo, sold as splenda. But there are also natural high-intensity sweeteners found in plants, the global market for non-nutritive sweeteners in general. These non-caloric sweeteners is in the billions, including all the artificial ones and two natural ones extracted from plants, stevia and monk fruit. I've done a video about stevia, what about monk fruit? Roots of Luohanguo monk fruit in Chinese have apparently been used for hundreds of years as a natural sweetener in folk medicine. The non-caloric sweet taste comes from magricides, a group of cucurbitane-type churipine glycosides, make up about 1% of the fruit, and are like hundreds of times sweeter than sugar. The mixed magricides have been estimated to be about 300 times as sweet as table sugar, such that an 80% extract was nearly 250 times sweeter than sugar. If you read reviews in Chinese natural medicine journals, you'll see pronouncements like this. Monk fruit has been shown to have anti-coffing effects, anti-asma, anti-oxidation, liver protection, blood sugar lowering, immunoregulation, and anti-cancer. But what they don't tell you upfront is that they're talking about reducing ammonia-induced mouse coughs. A natural food sweetener with anti-pancreatic cancer properties? Monk fruit may be used for daily consumption as an additive in foods and drinks to prevent or treat pancreatic cancer. Yeah, maybe in your pet mouse. And the anti-proliferative activity of monk fruit in colorectal cancer and throat cancer was on colorectal and throat cancer cells in a petri dish. Now, they did show magricides killing off colorectal cancer cells and throat cancer cells, and look, our digestive tract could be directly exposed to these compounds if we ate them, but what's missing? Right, they didn't test it against normal cells.  And the whole point is to find something that kills off cancer, but leaves normal cells alone, something that they weren't able to show here. Are there any human studies on monk fruit? No, until now. Owing to the rapidly growing popularity of natural plant-based sweeteners, they thought it would be of interest to determine whether natural sweeteners would be a healthier alternative to sugar or artificial sweeteners. So, they randomized people to drink an aspartame sweetened beverage versus monk fruit sweetened versus stevia versus table sugar, and then they measured blood sugars over 24 hours, and there was no significant difference found between any of them. But wait a second. The sugar group was given 16 spoonfuls of sugar, the amount of added sugar in a 20-ounce bottle of Coke. So, the other three groups consumed 16 less spoonfuls of sugar and still had the same average blood sugars, but table sugar caused a big blood sugar spike. Drink that bottle of sugar water with its 20 sugar cubes worth of sugar, and your blood sugars jump 40 points of the next hour. Whereas you give an aspartame sweetened beverage or a monk fruit or stevia, and nothing happens, which is what you'd expect, right? These are non-caloric sweeteners, no calories. It's just like you're drinking water, right? So, how could your daily blood sugar values average out the same? I mean, the only way that could happen is if the non-calorie sweeteners maybe made your blood sugar spikes worse somehow later in the day when you give people Splenda mixed with sugar water. You get a greater blood sugar spike, a greater insulin spike chugging the sugar with sucralose than without, even though Splenda alone causes no spike of its own. So, does aspartame do the same thing?  And so, the blood sugars went back up and down as they normally would after a meal, not spiking as high as drinking straight sugar water, just a gentle up and down. Okay, but that was in the group that drank the sugar an hour before. In the group that drank the aspartame, even though their blood sugars didn't rise at the time, an hour later at lunch, they shot up higher as if the person had just drank a bottle of soda. Okay, but what about the natural sweetener, stevia, and monk fruit? Same thing, same exaggerated blood sugar spike to a regular meal taken an hour later. So, you can see how it all equals out in terms of average blood sugars, even though in these three non-chloric sweetener groups, they took in 16 spoonfuls less sugar, at least in part because they ate more after drinking a diet coke.  In fact, so much more that the energy saved from replacing sugar with non-chloric sweeteners was fully compensated for at a subsequent meal. Hence, no difference in total daily calorie intake was found. The sugar sweetened beverage led to large spikes in both blood sugar and insulin, whereas these responses were higher for the three other beverages following the lunch later. So, when it came to calorie intake or blood sugars or insulin spikes, they were all just as bad. We would love it if you could share with us your stories about reinventing your health through evidence-based nutrition Go to nutritionfacts.org slash testimonials which may be able to share it on social media to help inspire others. If you'd like to see any of the graphs, charts, graphics, images, or studies mentioned here, go to the Nutrition Facts Podcast landing page there you'll find all the detailed information need plus links to all the sources we cite for each of these topics. My last two books were a How to Survive a Pandemic and my How Not to Diet Cookbook. Get ready this year for the launch of How Not to Age and of course all the proceeds for the sales of all my books goes directly to charity. NutritionFacts.org is a non-profit science-based public service where you can sign up for free daily updates on the latest new nutrition research with bite-sized videos and articles uploaded nearly every day. Everything on the website is free. There are no ads, no corporate sponsorships, no kickbacks, it's strictly non-commercial, not selling anything. I just put it up as a public service as a labor of love as a tribute to my grandmother whose own life was saved with evidence-based nutrition.


everybody welcome to the latest edition of Nets post game plus Bob Lorenz and Frank I solo with you as our ride Ruko said a chaotic night at Barclay Center Friday where the Nets lost to the Raptors 123 117 chaotic because at the last second before tip we found out Kevin Durant was not going to be able to start in the health and safety protocols then he comes in in the first quarter and plays and in the third quarter they tell him you got to go back out because of health and safety very strange it was almost as if Kevin Durant okay he can accept the fact that for the first time in his career he was gonna have to come off the bench because of the health and safety protocol then in the third quarter 906 to go the Nets are up by one and they pull him out of the game because of contact tracing and now everyone on the court and when you heard some of the Nets talk about it you know Joe Harris said something about it James Harden hang on a second well he was in contact with us why were we even playing the game to begin with a lot of frustration a lot of confusion tonight at Barclay Center yeah when he did play Durant scored eight points in a little over 19 minutes James Harden double-doubled with 17 points and 12 assists he was one of seven players to score double figures for the Nets although Toronto's Pascal Siakam led all scores with 33 points as part of a huge night across the board to start his media session following the game our Michael Grady asked Steve Nash for his understanding of Durant's situation what it was and the availability of KD going forward I'll try to explain this from what I know he's I don't believe he'll he'll come to Philly but I don't think that he necessarily they decided it's you know it's just a contract tracing procedure and I think that we're it's to be determined how much time he'll have to miss but we're just gathering information still at this point with the game itself what was what was most disappointed in crunch time in those crucial minutes down this stretch was most disappointing in the lack of execution that you saw yeah you know it's tough they they did it you know Nick's a great coach and does a great job you know mixing up the game defensively so we tried to keep it really simple we missed some open looks and Lowry made some big shots and we gave up offensive rebounds and turned them all over and you added all up and they found separation last couple minutes so just pointing close to the game but we'll learn from it and we'll get better by this a Brooklyn will be right back in action Saturday night with a road game in Philadelphia coverage begins on yes it's 7 30 with a pregame show presented by Fanduil sports book for Frank I sold on Bob Lorenz thanks for watching postgame plus


the current and future challenges Debbie and Edo has. Again, like yesterday, I didn't have much time to prepare this talk, which is mostly, I'll explain later why this happened here. This is also the same, and I just say what I do in Debbie and Edo. I started as a contributing member, developer. Then we discussed setting up an archive, proper archive suite, and I was one of the people proposing duck, the Debbie and Archive Suite. I became FTP master in Debbie and Edo, and then I started managing the edge release, so I'm also a release manager in Debbie and Edo, so that's no formality title. And again, Debbie and community still needs help. If somebody is interested, please talk to me. The original idea of Debbie and Edo was to provide a whole distribution with a complete platform for schools, so that the schools can set up their systems with less work and therefore costs, maintenance costs, give schools a collection of services which is pre-configured and reduces the administration needs, and also to increase the computer availability. Those are practical goals, or ethical goals. I think you know them, you mostly share them. It's teaching kids that sharing software can be legal and good. How to use the software and to improve the software, to show the quality of free software, and also to provide the environment in their native languages. By now, Debbie and Edo is, or by the end of this year, Debbie and Edo will be used in all schools in Extremadura, in many, many schools in Norway and Germany, more in Norway still than Germany. Norway, almost more than 50% of the schools, Germany, I have no numbers, but also way more than 100 schools, I think. And it's used in all the world. Yesterday night I learned it's also used in Argentina, in Madela Plata, which made me happy, I didn't know that before. And it's also used in universities and offices. The schools have some specific needs, which I summarized here, it's low maintenance out of the box setup, because mostly the administration is done by some teachers who do it as part of either their teaching, or unpaid in the afternoon. Schools also often have little resources, old machines. Localization is important for schools, and there needs to be applications for kids to express themselves, to share what they do, and also for making multimedia or art or other stuff. For older pupils, the source code availability is also an interesting or good feature because they can change it and learn how software works. And schools also need office, Java, Flash and multimedia support more and more, because many tests are now written either in Flash or in Java, so the browser needs to support that so that the exams can be done with the software. And this is all not so really school specific at all. Most stuff is also needed in offices or universities or I need to have the same needs. Debbie and Edward Terra was the code name which we released and when it was actually released and Easter, so it was released in July 2007. We had a simplified Debbie and Installer where we trimmed down the number of questions even further. We had, we supported three architectures, I386, AMD64 and PowerPC. The default desktop was KDE, and we also provided the Kiosk mode pre-configured so they were different if the users belonged to the students group, there's certain applications were missing and the same for the teacher group. And we also built live CDs with Debbie in life. We have a network architecture so that when the whole network is installed, the person doing it doesn't have to make up some IP addresses or it's always the same that we have a router with a fixed IP address which is not part of Debbie and Edu. So we say get some router or usually the school has one. The main server always has this 10.022 IP address always and it has DNS, DHCP, Syslog, Mail, Proxy, LDAP pre-configured and holds the home directories. And we have workstation and thin client server on the same network and thin clients on other networks behind that. And if you can choose the type you want to install, you can either say this is a main server installation and it sets up the main server with this IP address or if it's a workstation, it sets up also this IP address for the workstation and a specific set of applications. And if it's a thin client installation, thin clients, they get automatically are installed in a different subnet. Yeah, this is what I said. The server has all these services listed and the nice thing is that all works out of the box so which really makes the installation a lot faster. It's not, for people who have done it several times, it's easy to configure DNS and DHCP but if you do it the first time, it's nice if it just works. And we also have this web browser based admin tool, Elvart, which is used to add users and machines to the system. So there's not so much work on the command line. There's still a bit left because we cannot get the DHCP server and the DNS server configuration from Elvart so you need to use command line tools for that. But for adding machines to the net groups and adding users, you can use this web browser tool that we used to use Webman up to Woody but since Edge Webman is not part of Debian anymore, so we came up with Elvart, which only has a subset of the Webman features and this is the most area of complaints at the moment that teachers want to configure everything with a web browser and we don't have a good solution. Not yet, also not found in Lenny yet. Microphone is coming. Have you tried GOSA? We tried GOSA but the problem with GOSA is that it stores the password so that the users can access it. GOSA requires a server which has no users on the server and that doesn't conform with our architecture. So for Lenny plus one, I hope that we have several tools coming up that we find something, but for Lenny it looks like we will use Elvart again. We also did some other changes to Debian default desktop install, like per default install with use flash so that it's a nicer boot process. We had dash as the default bash in Edge release already. ETC is automatically kept in SVK so all changes are automatically committed to the version control system so that you can go back in time and see the changes. When we partition the hard drives, we only use, we need 15 gigabyte I think is the minimum install with the partitioning layout we have, but even so if there's a 200 gigabyte hard drive, we only use this 15% and then we have different AVN volumes and they get automatically resized according to what is used. And since Edge, we also have this Debian edu doc package, which I will explain in a few slides later, which is a documentation written in the wiki so that it's easy for users to contribute to it. Yeah, it's written on wiki.debian.org. Then I review the commit mails, see that the style of the documentation is kept really as a manual which fits for Edge. Sometimes people commit stuff, how to make it work in Ubuntu or with packages from testing and this stuff I remove usually because it's the Edge manual. So I try to keep this documentation focused on Edge and now the new one on Lenny. Then we use Moin Moins doc book export to create XML from the wiki, use PO for all to create PO files and then translators translated. That worked really well. The French translation came up as a wishlist back to the package. A month ago it had the 100% translated French translation, which was really nice to get. The documentation is 100 pages, I think, as PDF. And then we create HTML and PDF versions from the translations and put it into the Debian edu doc package. So it's installed on this system and we also install it on a web browser, on the internet so that people can read it there. And since October 2007, I'm maintaining it and upload it once a month with new translations mostly. Yeah, Moin Moins doc book export is pretty broken. Somebody wants to work on that, that would rock. The Debian edu documentation with 100 PDF pages creates 2000 XML errors. We have another document written in the wiki in Norwegian which creates over 10,000 errors on 400 pages. There is now the newer Moin Moin version which Franklin Piat has set up. I have no time to test it, but it still creates errors but less. In December 2007, we made a point release. Fixed 40 bucks in it from wishlist to critical, all kinds of bucks. And updated 18 packages after reviewing all the changes and created new CD and DVD images which were then extensively tested. And many people choose to just install this and wait to skip the RCR release because they didn't have the need to upgrade immediately. There were no school holidays and they just went with this. Edge is now in complete bug fix mode. Except for the manual, there's not much work on it done because Edge really works nicely. And yeah, so this is the overview of packages. You read that, yes. Which were not in Debian Edge main. In that word, it's the next thing. Oh yeah, this, yeah, of course. This packages were not included in Edge. The Debian Edo packages were not part of Edge because of this bug, I will explain later which we now downgraded so the packages are part in Lenny. And Flash was not in main. We put it in our main because we don't only have main. It's called local in our repository. And the other stuff is Elvat and the LTSPA file system so that the SYN clients can access USB sticks. And we have more packages which were modified from Edge because we wanted to get bug fixes in which were important to our users but were not important enough for the release team to include them in Edge. And so in total, it's 25 packages and that's this nice percentage. So why do we want to be part of 100% part of Debian? Because it's less work and gives better results. Less work for upgrades and also for the archive maintenance. At the moment, there are three people maintaining the archive and reviewing newer packages.  I also, personally, I see Debian as a test bed to do changes in Debian. It was very easy for us to introduce use flash because it was just a decision between four people. And Debian is more like, I want to see the kernel messages scrolling, other people just don't care. So Debian Edo is good to make changes but Debian Edo is an official sub-project from Debian. We are a custom Debian distribution. We had 25 developer gatherings, mostly in Europe, to get us no better and to discuss things easier, faster. We had 30 Debian Edo developers working on, directly working on Debian Edo packages in the last three years. Though the current core is five to eight people and there have been 115 translators and documentation writers since 2001. And of course, we also have 1000 Debian developers which do most of the work for us. So in edge, there were nine packages which were not in Debian and 16 we modified. For Lenny, we had the goal to have zero packages differ. And I will explain now how the current status, the reality is. But first, the contributions to Debian. There are several people who are now Debian developers who started as Debian Edo developers. Learned packaging in Debian Edo and then went through NM. We participate in the CDD effort. Debian Oscola Linux Foundation, money was used to fund the kickoff of Debian installer and testing security and free Java and Gnash meetings mostly. Mostly the meetings for Debian installer and testing security, also people were paid to work on that. And we developed the preceding for DI and the LTSP packages as they are in Debian now are also the result of Debian Edo work. LTSP is the Linux then, what is it, Terminal Server Project, which is the SYN client software now in use. The development model is the same as Debian. We try to have everything in version control system. We use a bug tracking system. We try to work with upstream, follow licenses, nothing new here. We use a mailing list on list Debian org. We have several other lists scattered for local support on other list servers which has historical reasons mostly that people set up the list and people get subscribed there and we never bothered to bring them over. We extensively use Vicky Debian org slash Debian Edo. We use an IRC channel and we have a alias project. We also have the own archive where we have five distributions. We use Sarge, Edge, Edge Test, Leni and Leni Test. The test distributions are what is set in Debian. At the moment we upload to Leni Test, use this and then create CDs for Leni Test. So we can get packages much faster in our Leni because we can directly upload there and test the changes faster. Edge Test and Leni Test are also auto built for the two other architectures we have or we also auto build I386. And packages then need to be manually removed from the test distributions to the non-test distributions and Edge and Sarge are untouchable because long released. We also give upload rights to non-DDs within our policies which are largely the same as Debian and on SVN commits new CDs are built if there are changes for the CDs and DVDs. So sometimes at the moment we build 15 CDs per day because there are some changes. For Leni, the Linux distribution started to deploy Debian Edu based already this summer. They based it on Leni. They froze Leni themselves and we'll have to deal with the upgrade pains. We also have point releases. I'll come to that later. And we have the numbering issue which I really have no idea how to solve except we skipped one release because we called our Edge release 3.0 and Debian was 4.0 and I think we should just fix it as fast as possible and just make Debian Edu 5 with the next release. These slides I reused them and for the reasons explained later there are some partly outdated. For technically we wanted to put DNS and DHCP configuration into LDAP so that we can edit that with the web browser tool. We want to apply our configuration changes in the policy complained compliant way. This is this 311188 bug which I have three more slides to. One complaint we had is that this fixed network setup is very nice for people who don't have a network but for people who have an existing network often the IP addresses are wrong and it's not so easy to change it and to make that easier. Then the workstations get the users from LDAP which works nicely and get the home directory. The thing with laptop is you take them away from the LDAP server and then the home directory is gone and that was the fix we still haven't done. And the other challenge due to Linux is that we now want to support the GNOME desktop as we support KDE. We got that. Then our new features, we have a GNOME desktop now. We also have a SUGA desktop. SUGA is the desktop environment from one laptop per child project. The GNOME desktop is really polished as the KDE one. The SUGA is not working so well but it's there as the base to work on it next year. SUGA is also not available as default. We used to have four installation options for this main server, workstation, thin client server and standalone and now there is one can select whether GNOME or KDE. That's the question we added. We configured DHCP from LDAP, DNS not yet. That's new in the Debian DHCP server package that can take the configuration from LDAP. We automatically set up a PXE putting environment for the workstations and the thin client so they don't have to be installed manually with the I anymore but just can boot from the network and we fixed bits of the hard-coded IP setup. So there's now less work to change the network but it's still not all in one place. We also made some progress on this bug but we haven't fixed it yet. There are too many packages involved. I'm not sure if we decided to use Ganesh as the default Flash player, I just didn't follow that. We have free Java finally. This killer feature is a feature teachers really wanted that automatically idle users get killed after some time and so we have a killer feature now. And of course we have everything else which is new in Lenny. That's our current diff to Lenny. That's four packages which are newer in Debian Edu than in Lenny and one package which is not in Lenny main. Host policy group is a tool so that we can say, okay we put these host into these group and then disable network access for them in the firewall which is used for exam mode when students should not access the internet. But as there are, I don't think it's really needed for Lenny release as there are other changes. As it's not always a use case to be able to disable the internet. Also it's not the only change you need to, if you want to make an exam, you also want to have new users for the exam otherwise the students can just put some documentation they shouldn't have in the exam in their home directory. So you need to do other changes for a proper exam mode. And this famous buck is the, we don't violate policy by the word, we just violate it in practice because the Debian Edu config package modifies other packages config files but only if you install it and either then manually run a script or if it's part of the Debian installer you choose that CD and by that you choose to run the script. But the effect is that upgrades are sometimes painful because we modify the configuration packages and then the new changes, the configuration files are not propagated to the system. Often our administrators don't want to read the read me or the new Debian file to learn about what they have to do at upgrades. So we have this wiki page where all, where the current status of the buck is described. And unfortunately we started in the beginning of the linear release process, we worked on that buck and then we somehow forgot it again. And so this was, is the status which was at FOSSTEM six months ago. The bugs are mostly make whatever config file automatically configurable, which is nicely solved in Apache with this Apache ConfD directory where one can just drop a configuration file which gets read, but not all packages support this mechanism. And this is not only useful to have for Debian eRule, but also for other customizations and for local changes. I like to just keep the package default and drop my config file there and get used. But this, this buck is nothing, when we, if we can convince the package maintainers, then we can solve this buck with the help of the package maintainers and mostly the package maintainers were helpful and just said, I would accept the fix if you send a patch and we haven't done so. So that's our fault. Then three weeks ago, I was very happy in the morning when I read that Lenny was frozen. And then a few hours later, I was very unhappy when I read SVN commit mails with changes to Debian edu packages, packages which clearly didn't meet the release teams guidelines about inclusion into Lenny. And that really stopped, I didn't know what to do because I know if, I know that if you don't try to achieve your goals, you will not reach them. And there we stopped caring in my opinion. And then the Debian 8 started and I did other stuff. Also because when Lenny was frozen, it was still possible to get important bug fixes in, not only release critical, but only for a shorter time window and I haven't followed Debian release the last two weeks so I don't know where we are. But there will be a time when only RC bugs will be allowed and the bugs we have, for example the OpenELDA package doesn't work with TLS and we use TLS per default and I think this bug should be fixed in Lenny. There's no need that we put our own modified OpenELDA package in Debian edu. I think this bug should be fixed in Lenny. So now we have this hack that the Debian edu package in install in unstable will add our repository to sources list and then so Debian edu can be installed from main and then if you do up get upgrade, a new version from our repository is fetched but in my opinion that's just the same solution that we had with the last release that we just have different packages. And that has the same problems that we need to maintain the fork, need to up do our own security support when we modify the packages. And that's not really what I think is sensible. And what I said this morning already, I think we should change the policy that some packages should be already excluded from the strict freeze guidelines. There's the Debian installer packages, Debian CD, also the kernel, of course we need a good working kernel and in theory the kernel should also be just a normal package and follow the freeze guidelines in my opinion. Especially the kernel. But I think there are other packages which would really benefit if they were excluded from the freeze. The Debian edu packages as they only affect our system are not used by anything else. The fo-fi fully automatic installation which is just another form of Debian installer, some meta packages because sometimes you have recommends in there which you don't know if the package will reach Lenny or not. So these are also just packages collections. And outward packages I'm not sure if they are fine with the current release criteria but I think that Debian should be or not only the critical bugs removed but also Polish more. Yeah, that's, I've been thinking about this release policy that only RC bugs, bug fixes are okay for the release. I think also smaller bugs should be fixable with defined procedures. I'm aware that every bug fix, every change can bring regressions. And I know that the release team doesn't scale to review all the MDIFs but I think it's very strange to release with small boxes which are easy to fix. Why doesn't this work anymore? No, my monitor is fine. Ah, in the morning, I think I'm done anyway. Yeah, that was the last slide anyway. Yeah. The other issue I see with Debian Edo that in our point release, as I said, in the beginning we included more bug fixes, also these minor bug fixes because they were important to our users. And I think it would be good for Debian to do something like that. We did this with Lenny and a half, a bit for certain packages. There are several ways or several thoughts how to make Debian more attractive for end users. One is also another one is this testing security thing that you can install testing and have a supported release. The other way is this cut approach from Joey Hess. I think his third way is to allow more fixes for smaller bugs in edge or in stable. Because you just notice very low hanging fruits which you can fix. And I think it's a pity that it's sometimes not fixed. See, we have five minutes left. I would like to hear your comments, suggestions, comments, microphone. Do you think that it will be ever realistic to just use the Debian archive without any local archive for yourself? I certainly hope so. Why don't you think it cannot be possible? I mean, you have a special client base with special needs. So do you think it will be possible to just use Lenny plus one and the archive and then get your fixes into every point of time and release and stuff like that? Do you think that's realistic? And yeah, or doesn't that create, does that create more, yeah, doesn't it take more resources to get this accepted in Debian than to maintain your different repository for your local changes? Now, changes are mostly this installation changes and a bit of branding and a selection of packages, but we don't modify any core packages. We modified for KDE some translation updates, but I think these translations updates are also useful in Debian to have fixed translations if they are there in a point release. Hello, I have a totally non-serious question. Do you have any interesting stories about students hacking your system to circumvent your exam protection and things like that? Sure. Care to share? No. Okay. Has there been already some serious discussion about this? I mean, I haven't followed Debian release all the time and Debian during the Lenny release process, but do you have a statement from the release team what they think about that? Is that just at the moment like a thing we should discuss or was this discussed? It was a bit discussed at FOSSTEM where I already brought this up. This morning where I brought up this idea of other packages like to have less victory and freeze guidelines. Only one member of the release team was in this room and that member didn't want to comment. Well, I'm the Debian release manager. First I want to clarify that meta packages and artwork improvements are definitely accepted in the freeze. So if you know of them, just send a freeze exception request. For Debian, Edu and five packages, I cannot say that they're just exempted of the freeze but please do try with freeze exception request meals and we will look into them. Thanks. Frank, I just want to come back to your question because you seem to doubt that it's possible to be 100% it is what I also told in my talk and is there any specific reason you think it would be not a good idea to do? Not really but I think if you have a, I was just wondering if you have a special client base and want to have a fix for them and I was just wondering whether the removed flexibility you get when you only rely on Debian stable isn't in some cases not worth, it's worth, it might be worth the effort to have some mechanism to update single packages without having to go to the stable release team and Debian or stuff. I mean for security fixes and like that it's obviously good to have them come from upstream so that everyone benefits from them but yeah. But maybe that's just a pre-conception coming from the somewhat painful experiences in the last few years that Debian had with the stable release process and the point releases where it has several times severe problems with releasing point releases and stuff like that. So maybe Debian can change in a way that it is possible. At the moment I don't see it possible like the current process that we have but maybe Debian should change and not you that could be the answer to my question but I was just posing it. My opinion is yes Debian should change and should be more flexible, yes, it's one point but the other point is if you look at the target audience what do you think how often the installation in the school might change, teachers do not want any change at least this is my experience. And this is one point and the other point is if there is some change in the school it is in a kind of a yearly period to make one school year and so and I have especially in this target group not real problems with this. And there are other target groups which also are afraid to change anything. So stable is completely fine for me. I think so too that I run stable on my laptop or my desktop since 12 years and I'm usually very fine with it. And schools especially they don't want changes. And I think everybody wants bug fixes. So I think Debian needs to change and Debian needs to change. I'm a bit confused about the time because there were two people holding up signs and according to one the time is over and according to the others there's eight minutes left or five. Takes a time you'd like more. In the back Peter. So I'm just curious Holter if you run stable on your notebook how do you watch video streams from this event with it? I use VLC and I use the XORC back port to have XRUND R. The truth comes out. For anyone who cares I run unstable and experimental on mine so. This is the reason why your HP laptop really works. Actually regarding Frank's question I'm quite happy with the answer because I would have been fairly disappointed if basically you had said that Debian AD can't be in Debian because it would have been Debian is not flexible enough to be customized for specific purpose and having a positive answer is good news. Having a what? A positive answer saying that it should be possible to get 100% of Debian AD in Debian means Debian is still flexible enough or can be. Yeah I think Debian is in a lot of ways just Debian Polish and I think it's pity that we are not able to manage Polish Debian as much. Okay if there are no more questions then I thank you for your listening and see you around.