Going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards have been 22 23 tops UA for club competitions find a soccer hobby 8 bucks case number 14 Random team style there's look again at your random results as always you can find those on the website under the results tab as well as the link in Chat it's good. Look everybody. Let's do it Dong see with a couple of spots seven to go on Skybox get that filled up breaks next Seven to go random packs now so over halfway sold out my check engine light went off Oh did like off yesterday got in the car, and it was off. So I was like, all right That's good. We're just gonna ignore it I'll take it to the shop.  I was very upset. I thought it was the same thing that would have been rough I was pretty upset one Gourna duet finest moments of Gavi and Pivo Portois. Yeah, I literally turned on my car after golf and yesterday It was off and I was like, all right, Gavi. That's Rico Lewis to 275 and works for me man works for me Been three years it goes away after a couple weeks to you strive He might actually Rooney Bargey rookie auto nice one there. Go baby. Yeah, let's be good. Yeah, Jeremy Dooku or doku Jamal Musiala 150 find me I'm welcome birthday horse. Well, that's super birthday super Timo Verner rookies Fabio Carvalho and yanno block Nicole with a 10 box spot Paul H with a bangle with the bangles in in Certified in two spots in the next one. So we're down to five five to go in skybox 10 to go on 10 box and like 13 or 14 to go Jeez 234 Mbappe young you owe to 50 on the rose gold. I love it's exactly two three four five six seven eight Seems a little too convenient. Yeah, huh interesting Interesting might be a sense of the taboo. There's the man Christian Pulisic Congrats on that one there. Uh, let me oil changes. See what happens. I like on uh, Chelsea and Benjamin Sesco Vlahovic Uh, Frida Oladu to 2.99.  Uh, christian. Uh, vulpato marquinos Pablo Torre mcala mudrick refractor and bass box two I'm gonna like pull in one day like when I'm like I'm gonna pull out on like a wednesday And I'm just gonna see the tow truck there and strive standing outside next to the Ford I will just set up a tent I'll just yeah sleep right there in the truck in the parking lot Buy and breaks from the parking lot We got a gold museala true gold. Uh, Arnaud d'anjuma to 50 for Tottenham Tottenham You bret pick up a 10 box spot. It's under 10 to go now under 10 in 10 box five to go on the next break as well everybody And then just a handful left on the mosaic mixer riyad merez moments of uh, uh, zidane There's mcala mudrick I don't think I'm ever gonna get that one right through I know he's great and everything too. He's like one of the best soccer players of all time But I don't there's something in my mind can't say I gotta watch the video of him in the world cup There you go.  It was against italy It's one you're looking for France, uh, Gabriel. Hey, oh six two ninety nine on sufa t six. Yeah, that's when it really won, right? On tj's Yeah, the guy got headbutted Dion Camarie marco rois and tibault courtois Did he were I never actually heard this story? I just don't remember I just remember him doing it the headbutt. Yeah. Yeah No, that's fair. I had understandable then Uh, jimmy mnogitton's the man ronaldinho to 150 on the blue There's she is uh a prize footballer zantzwan greezman dion kamati Yeah, on a soccer field like not that it's anywhere, but like what are we doing? Uh basenic, we got a rookie of fabio carvalho five of ten Nice one their liverpool color match on that as well. Those are clean. That's pretty nasty And riche james nice. Thank you benjamin l picking up a division spot tomorrow and a mega dual case spot tomorrow I think we have a mega dual case rangers down three to the centers. I was gonna bet that game too Hopefully I didn't geez Eddie and pta. I was gonna bet on the on the range as well leon king warrensire emory and malik tilman On the next one Again, we'll probably be still a little bit behind after this one. I tried to make up a little bit of time on this as well But I did cut 10 minutes off of this to get the skybox break done Yeah, the first certified sold out so we'll make up some time there as well as the second one Which is basically sold out price footballers benzema Yeah, it's not very good Josh. No, let's talk It's really tough because rangers are good. It's supposed to be good. It's remy moments of Base One of the three catches these drops there's uh Gabriel ramos Bergman Johansson to 275 and green benzema. You didn't have the best night last night. Yeah One of my buddies goes I need calvin ridley to go for 17 catches 300 yards and three touchdowns to win my fantasy week It's like, I don't know about that rafael liao 22 a 50 on the gold auto I just want to see malon. We'll cut off 12 catches get two more touchdowns. So we'll go five touchdowns Five catches There's lorenzo pellegrini blue rame sterling to 150 for shell See I know he had a great catch too first touchdown Concentration was crazy on that Needed trevor lorenzo to throw a touchdown to calvin ridley jeez phillip Yeah, I feel like you weren't alone in that boat because that seems like an obvious one Against uh, not very good bangles defense, uh holland on the price of footballers.  Oh, yeah for sure I killed a lot of people's bets, but no getons desire emory. They got it and start them, dude Because I was thinking about starting him in fantasy, but I didn't I started nico Collins instead. We're 34 Dalpiro, uh, jamal musiala to 250 on the vapor wave like beasley Donals, donals Mason mount I swung there Someone get that baby out the street You heard that I think it was like jail and rose There's uh, nicole's less, uh Zuluski charles day catalar to um 150 There was uh, I think it was jail and rose was It was on some some like espn shot. I don't remember who it was there's it's uh, it's a haku fatawu and, uh aslani And base and it was it was like a highlight of malik beasley getting dunked on by somebody I don't remember who's I don't even remember who was dunking like miles turner or something And he gets like absolutely slammed on and he's like because Malik beasley, what are you doing? Someone get that baby out the street? I'm like, we're all like, what? Remember my buddy showed it to me. I remember I was like, what does that even mean? Get that baby out the street. Someone get that baby out the street. That's messed up What's up scott? How you doing buddy? What's up scott 286 million dollars for yamamoto. Oh my god, dude five to go On skybox 286 that's a lot of money loha remorse Hello remorse in bape blue runy bargey to 150 and matisse tell And koon koo serginio des to 199 warren zire emory vlahovic matisse tell to 250 and kevin abroina That is a dian or dijon kamari to 250 and mason mount again for chelsea Nice one there on the refractorado and rio hatate Jedspence carbony Pablo torre it's uh tomoki iwatawa Rewata Pocket funds.  If you ever catch me Venmoing a girl no chance Like that. I said it's like on instagram or something. You like buy me a drink. I just got married kill me Please just just just take a knife and just right into my throat in savanna one time It's like a huge like he lost a comac to 150 nice one there idle shower thing and it was every bar We went to his girl's like Buy a shop for him french to get married No, I'm good. No chance There's lorenzo Pellegrini she's marrying Yeah, right, honestly, you get a bit mojo. Yeah, let that sucker do it. I think it'll happen There's he go ecotique benjamin sesco in base Free advice from strive. There you go. There we go. Seems thought out No, it's just annoying on social media.  Like are you kidding me? My hard-earned money is going to go towards some nonsense.  That is yasine oddly Dion Khmeri and rafaelia. That is bukayo sake that is two 150 eerson and base Sand by strive a break. I'm buying tribe a break. This is You know kids. There's moriara jr. 25 Nice one there.  That's what i'm saying. Derek, lead on messy Conor Gallagher to 250 in base. I'll start it with verdugo Oh, yeah, really? Alex verdugo is really the domino that got this all going. How everywhere's freezing? Malik Tillman to 125. Is that Malik Beasley? Going almost. He's a little man. He's got babies in the street. Like all kinds of stuff going on. We're losing it, man 941 we've lost it. I hate to say it. Fabio Carvalho He even changes that to launch one. Phew. That was half court Bape to 150 r node danuma My guy's picking up a spot. Thank you, Mike I feel like we all need to go crazy tonight. Hell yeah. Yeah, my guy with a spot. Thank you, Mike Down to three to go who's made an imbele, Alfie Devine to 199 and so was I Who did? Rangers Interson to 125 really What's the um Is the shark team? Yeah, they're at three one. Oh third Uh, Rodrigo Riviero to 50. Nice one there Two more goals in the third. We can do that easy Somebody with that. Is it one more? One more goal from the Rangers. There's Jed Spence or the Islanders and then we'll get uh, Nancy Netter. Boom. Got it. There you go. Easy Free money right there Danielson, Pablo Torres, and Bace What are you saying? Yeah, I'll say 31, 6, and 7. I think I'll be honest Lord, dude Oh, he didn't campaign. He's hitting these on them Pack it up, Nix. Pack it up Rip boiling water. You will be missed. Oh my god Oh get him out of here Shrive needs to go home Respect it There needs to be How many waters mixed in? Many waters need to be a mixed in Uh, Jami Benogitans, Malik Tillman Heck yeah, that's pretty funny There's, you can't get DK Thanks That's a good one Uh, Antoine Griezmann, The Man to 150, Killian Mbappe. Nice one PSG Thanks, Jed, in picking up a uh, Cosmic Chrome personal Yeah, we're up to like three orders in queue and personals now everybody Got another Orange Cameron Carter Vickers Nice one there For Celtic uh, Orange to 25, Gavi Grats on that one.  We are just off the rails. Pedri Warren Zaire Emery and again Warren Zaire Emery This Brunson's only got 20. Come on Brunson That's it What is this? Middle school? What do you have Matt?  I know Dylan picked him Cafu? Yeah Uh, Antony to 25, Man United It moved so I changed it to something else I did take his KD but the Brunson moved So I changed I didn't do that Smart Valentin Carbone, I almost took him too but he didn't move as well Is that him? No, it was a Randall Oh Julian Alvarez to what, 275, Jude Bellingham Lintador Another Orange wave. Wow, William Clam It is Jude Soonsup Bell for Tottenham, 20 of 25 Nice one there Grats Tottenham Going to Mitchell Let's go Mitchell I mean Gowri, uh, Gowiri Julian Alvarez, Rookie, Jamie Bono-Gettens, and Marcus Edwards There needs to be waters mixed in There needs to be a lot of waters mixed in Oh my god I'd avoid the sushi, it smells a little fishy Broder I'm not switching my trash after this one Easiness Man, I missed Sick Taking bets on how long it takes to say- Ah, I'm going to kick you guys out but I'll make fun of you Robert Lavandosky Gold Riyad Merez to 50 Hungman Sun Gavi Moments There's Gavi Purple Lukasucic to 2.99 for Salisbury Marco Royce Third guy knocked That's Antoine Griezmann to 1.99 Got Joe Gomez for Liverpool in the refractor auto Jack Grealish Christian Erickson Green and Bopped to 99 There you go PSG Rick E Nice one there, buddy Rick E on that one Make a little Boreal Fabio Carvalho Manuel Agarte and Bates Who's that? Third guy knocked Cream Bentzema Blue the Man Luis Figo to 1.50 Luis Figo John Oblak Again, three to go Three to go Breaks next, everybody Harvey Elliott And Zaggy and Bates Price Footballers Goncalo Ramos Benjamin Sesco Blue Ederson to 2.50 Ilias Akomak for Barca On the refractor auto Nice one there Congrats Barcelona Thomas Moyer Lorenzo Pellegrini 1999 spot Everybody on the next one Get that filled up Giorena Hugo Eketicche and Marquino I thought that was a joke coming There's a prince here joke Oh, is it Ederson? Is it Ederson or is it Ederson? I thought it was Ederson Green Bentzema 2.99 Luca Modric Zaggy Thibaut Courtois Pepe Goncalo Ramos Dion Cameri to 2.75 And Cream Bentzema That is a nice dual auto of Marco Van Basten and Frank Ricard Very solid there for this Milan Right, AC Milan Congrats AC Milan on the dual auto Very cool Jacob W Nice one there Jacob Purple to 2.99 Frederico Ciesa Anthony Refractor Erling Holland Ice Let's go Jacob There he is Stop buddy What's up?  A prince or a joke man Let's see a Suley The man Christian Pulisic Rafael Diaz They're not 24 now Geez Vlachovic To 2.99 Timo Werner And Jude Bellingham Daiqi or Daiqi Kamada to 2.75 That is Kai Havertz To 2.99 Ford Schelzi And the green wave Nice one there Rory Selling us out Thank you Rory No Rory Let's go Rory Get that going right after this Rory Rieger 2.250 Christian Vulpato And beyond Kometi Last pack here Everybody We'll do a quick recap of the autos And then we'll be on to the last skybox Thank you all again Gavi Pablo Torre And Rich Got the duel of Ricard and Marco Van Basten Elias Akomak Joe Gomez Cameron Carter Vickers Mason Mount Mason Mount Stefan Basetic A Moriara Jr. Rooney Bargi Elias Akomak Again 2.150 Kai Havertz And Warren Zairemeri to 2.99 Gold to 50 Rodrigo Rabiero Rafael Liao to 25 Moriara Jr. And Jude Sunsup Bell We'll do it for the break Everybody thanks again for the fill Up next is skybox


Welcome to this course as the title of the course says this is a basic course on number theory. So number theory is really the study of positive integers or what are also called as natural numbers. So these are the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on. So number theory deals with properties of these natural numbers and you may perhaps not trust me but some of these properties can be so difficult that we need to use techniques from various other parts of mathematics. However, this course is not going to deal with any of those techniques, we will really see some of the very basic things in number theory. So before we begin, we need to fix the notations and the natural numbers set is the most important set for us. So let us fix our notation for this. One very natural notation that we should use for this set is capital N but capital N is also used for many other things. So we devise a new notation and this is the symbol that we use to denote the set of natural numbers. This is the slightly decorated N. You know the slanted line comes with some small width and there is a gap between the two slanted lines. So this is what we will always use to denote the set of natural numbers. Now mathematics is all about sets and you know what we have said here can also be written in mathematical way in the following way. That N is this set consisting of numbers 1, 2, 3, dot, dot, dot. These dots that we have here represent that the numbers go all the way up to infinity. So we are counting all the natural numbers in this set. This is what it means. Now you may wonder what has happened to the number 0 and also there are negative numbers. So there is indeed a set consisting of all natural numbers, their negatives and also the 0. And since we have fixed a notation for the set of natural numbers we should use some other symbol to denote that set that traditionally is used by this symbol capital Z. So again we see that there is a slight decoration there for the capital Z and N as it why we know stands for natural numbers what does Z stands for. So in German whole numbers or complete numbers those which are not fractions they are called Salon. The spelling is Z-A-H-L-E-N that is the plural. So Z comes from that Salon. So we have two sets now here we have the set of natural numbers which is 1, 2, 3 onwards and we have the set of whole integers or the all integers Z which comes from negative infinity then you have minus 3, minus 2, minus 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 and then you go on. So it goes to infinity in both the directions. Now mathematics is really the study of sets with various structures put on them. So what are these structures that we can put on these two sets? You will observe quite easily that we have addition defined on both these sets. You may take two natural numbers add them you get one more natural number. If you have three apples and your friend has two apples then in all you have five apples or if your sister has three bananas and you have two oranges in all you are going to have five fruits. So 3 plus 2 is 5 that is the addition on natural numbers. There is a similar addition on the set Z. If you add 0 to any natural number or to any negative of a natural number you get that number either that natural number or it is negative. If you add a negative number to a natural number then you get the difference of those two natural numbers. So if you have a and you add minus b where b is another natural number you are going to get a minus b which could be positive it could be negative or it could also be 0. But you have these operations that you can add two elements of n get one more element of n or you add two elements of z and get yet another element of z. There is also the product structure. You can take two natural numbers multiply them and get one more natural number. If your class has 20 students and each of them is given 30 rupees then the whole class will have 20 into 30 rupees. I will let you figure out that product. Similarly we have the product structure on the set Z. So what it means is the following line. These two sets n and z are equipped with addition and multiplication. One nice thing about z is that you can subtract. If I wanted to subtract 3 from 2 I will get minus 1 which is yet another element in z. Can we do that for n? That is something that would be the most natural question that we would have. Do the reverse operations exist or more precisely can we subtract and divide within the set n? What I mean to say is that if I take two natural numbers a and b do I get a minus b which we know is a number in z do I get a minus b in n? And if I have a number a, a natural number a and another natural number b is a by b a natural number. So there are two questions here really let us tackle them one by one. We first go to a minus b can we do that? Not always. In fact the answer not always holds for both of these questions. However you can still salvage the situation sometimes it is possible. However it is sometimes possible to get the difference a minus b in n. For instance if you take the current Gregorian year 2020 and subtract the year of your birth day 1999 that will give you 21. So 2020 which is a natural number minus 1999 which is another natural number their difference is yet another natural number. So it is indeed sometimes possible to have a natural number a and another natural number b such that a minus b is also a natural number. So you would say of course this is quite natural because 2020 is bigger than 1999 or you will say that 1999 is smaller than 2020 but bigger or smaller that is not a well defined concept for us yet we have not talked about what it means to say that a natural number is bigger than another natural number. What we have done until now if you have been following the lecture from the beginning then we had n and z we talked about two sets and we talked about the addition and the multiplication on them. And now we have this possibility that given a natural number a and given another natural number b you may have that a minus b is also a natural number. Then let us use this and define our relation of something being bigger than or smaller than another number let us use this very definition. So if you have a and b such that a minus b is natural then we say that a is bigger than b or you may say that b is less than a. So let us have this as our definition. If you can subtract a a natural number which we have taken here to be b from another natural number a and remain in the set of natural numbers then we say that a is bigger than b or we will say that b is less than a. So using this definition we see easily that 1999 is smaller than 2020 or 2020 is bigger than 1999. So this is a relation on the natural numbers. This is called order relation and this order relation is a fantastic relation. The thing is given any two natural numbers there is always some relation. This is what is called trichotomy. If you have any two natural numbers a b you will either have that a is equal to b because remember z is equipped with subtraction you can subtract any element of z from any other element of z which means that if you take two elements from n to natural numbers then their difference can either be a natural number it can be negative of a natural number or it can be 0. It may happen that you take two elements to be the same you may take 600 and you may subtract 20 into 30 from 600. So this is a trichotomy. Trichotomy says that there are only these three possibilities. These three relations these three types of relations exhaust all pairs of natural numbers. So let us read it again whenever we have a and b any two natural numbers you will either have that a is equal to b a is bigger than b or a is smaller than b. Again you may think that this is quite obvious indeed it is very obvious by what we have developed the things so far. So the order relation satisfies some very basic properties. You know we have the addition and we also have the product on the set of natural numbers and now we have the order relation. Is there any correlation between these concepts that we have defined there are and those are very easy to state and indeed also very easy to prove. So this relation order relation satisfies some very basic properties. What does the first one say? It says that whenever you have a natural number a bigger than another natural number b and you have a third natural number c. If you add this third number to both a and b then the sum is preserved the sum preserves the relation the sum respects the relation. The addition in n does not disturb this relation. If you have a bigger than b and you take a natural number c a plus c is bigger than b plus c. This is quite evident but it needs a proof. We will see whether we can prove this. Let us go to another such property which will connect the relation with respect to the product. Just like the sum product also respects the relation.  Note if you multiply by a negative number then the inequality will change its order. If you multiply by a negative number to a and b the inequality or the order will not be preserved. Here we are within natural numbers and therefore the order relation is preserved. Now these are two statements which are given as properties. These are not definitions until now we have seen only definitions. We saw the addition definition, we saw the multiplication definition which I did not really spell out but we know what we are talking about and using the addition or the reverse operation of that which is the subtraction we defined the order. And now we have two properties. So as a warm up exercise let us see whether we can prove these. So what I will do is that I will write the first property in the next slide and I will give you a minute to think about this. What I want you to do is to think about the definition of order that we have learnt until now, the properties of natural numbers that we have seen until now and come up with a proof.  We will see a proof later but perhaps your proof might be different. If it is different please write to me and let me know your proof. So we wait here for a minute. So now that you have had your time playing with the proof let me give you one proof. So I will write this proof on this slide. So we begin with the proof. What do we have to prove? We want to prove that whenever a is bigger than b and c is a natural number then a plus c is bigger than b plus c this is what we want to prove. So since a is bigger than b we must have our definition of order will tell you that a minus b is in n. If you have a bigger than b then a minus b should be a natural number. This is our definition of the order further a minus b is same as a plus c minus b plus c. This is where we are using some properties of the addition that a minus b is same as a minus b plus c minus c and the first c which comes with the positive sign can be put inside next to a and the next c which is with the minus sign can be put with the b. So we are using the commutativity of the addition. But now you have that a plus c minus b plus c is a natural number and hence a plus c is bigger than b plus c this completes our proof. So let us read it again. If we are given there were two things that were given to us that a is bigger than b and c is a natural number.   Now you may ask that we have not used c being a natural number here that is true we have actually used that c is an integer. Whatever we have done the order relation is preserved by addition of all elements in z. But there is a slight problem here which is that a plus c where a is a natural number and c is coming from the bigger set of z then a plus c need not again be a natural number that is the only thing. So either you define the order relation for the whole set of integers for the whole z and then we can replace this statement by c being in n by c being in z indeed. So that is done good. We now go to the next statement if a is bigger than b and c is a natural number then we need to show that ac is bigger than bc. Once again I will give you a minute and after this minute I will give my proof and again if you have a different proof for this statement then please write to me and let me know your proof. So we will now begin proving this statement I will give you my proof. The proof is as follows remember what we did in the earlier proof.  Now c is another natural number and natural numbers come equipped with product. So since c is in n we get that a minus b into c is an element in n. But a minus b into c which is the same as ac minus bc. But if you have ac minus bc a natural number then we get ac bigger than bc. So you say this proof was also not quite difficult all we needed to do was use the properties of natural numbers. So if you have a minus b a natural number and another natural number c then the product is a natural number that is the only thing we have used here. If you multiply a minus b by a non-natural integer that means a negative integer or 0 then you are no more within the set capital N. You go outside the set capital N and therefore the inequality may be reversed if you multiply by a negative number or the inequality may turn into equality if you multiply by 0. You know you can have 2020 and the another number can be 1 2020 is much bigger than 1 2020 is certainly bigger than 1 but if you multiply both the numbers by 0 you get only 0. So when we go outside the set of natural numbers then we have to be careful with respect to the order relation. So let us just repeat we have this proved that when you have a and b two natural numbers and a is bigger than b then this order relation is preserved it is respected by both addition and product within the set of natural numbers. This was about the subtraction which is the reverse operation of addition. Now we go to the another operation that we had on N namely the product and let us ask whether the reverse operation exists. So we now turn to the reverse operation of multiplication and this is as you all know is called division. You know your whole class has 600 rupees to use and there are 20 students in the class how many rupees should be used per student that would be 600 divided by 20 which is a number reasonable number 30 you can use it for every student. But you may have say 485 rupees and you have 20 students how would you do it now? You cannot of course convert everything to pay say the rupees you know 1 rupees 100 pay say you cannot convert everything to pay say and then use the division. So we want to be within the natural numbers and try to see when some natural number divides another natural number. So let us see what we get with respect to this. Because we have a natural number A and another natural number B with the property that A is B into C for some third natural number C. If you have this then we say that B divides A note it again that we are giving a definition of a natural number A being divisible by another natural number B we are saying here if you have A equal to BC for some third natural number then B divides A this is our definition of a natural number dividing another natural number. We will use our mathematical short form to write this as B vertical bar A but while reading it we will not read it as B vertical bar A we will simply read it as B divides A. So what we have seen until now we will tell you that 1 divides every natural number of course you can write A as A into 1. So it follows that 1 divides A for every natural number A but when you write A as A into 1 and use that to say that 1 divides A you can also use the same equality to say that A divides A because you have written A as A into some another natural number. So we have seen that 1 divides A and A divides A this also gives you an order that 2 natural numbers will be said to be related by divisibility if 1 natural number divides the another natural number. Now for the order relation that we had seen earlier of less than or bigger than we had a trichotomy do we get a trichotomy here? No we do not have the trichotomy given any 2 natural numbers we may not always have that A equal to B or A divides B or B divides A that may not always be the case. You can have 2 natural numbers which are simply not related to each other but that is what makes this order relation the divisibility relation very interesting. So there are again some very basic properties of this divisibility relation we will see these properties and their proofs in the next lecture. Thank you.


The importance of indigenous land rights to the management of our common future cannot be overstated. And what is crucial there is to understand that indigenous communities have developed effective ways of managing their natural resources through processes of trial and error that have lasted centuries to millennia. What they have come up with has therefore stood the test of time and is worthy of respect. What that means is that it is up to states and their modern legal systems to carve out the space necessary for indigenous people to exert in freedom their rights to manage ably their own natural resources.


What's up everybody jcm for jazby's case breaks calm we did it technically we did it We were supposed to do five promo breaks as you can see right here, but Nick was being very extra nice today. So if he said if we can get everything done here And stadium club would be the only break that didn't feel tonight Then we would still run the promo. So that means we got done with limited football We got done with hip raid. We got done with chrome sapphire and the contenders pack fill The only thing that didn't sell out was stadium club So we're not going to put those customer names that were in stadium club into the promo To be fair of course because you guys this out the other ones But instead of selling out all five and we had to sell out four out of five and we did it So we're gonna randomize the customer names from all four of those breaks Number one gets $500 in break credit and numbers two through seven get $50 in break credit each for a total of 800 So here was the first break the mosaic pack filler number 154 So we're gonna randomize here. We're gonna get the list of customer names all 32 paste them boom That one's good to go Top chrome sapphire baseball. We're gonna copy and paste the 30 customer names boom paste it boom to Hip raid exclusive football sold out. We're gonna copy and paste the 32 customer names boom paste it boom and The last one here folks limited football 2013 boom so there you go, that should be all four breaks right there and Let's click the dice roller and it is a three and a six. We rolled a lot of nines today a lot of nines Three to six nine times. Good luck everybody one two three four five six seven eight nine Boom nine times.  I believe I were starting to get into the top ten Let me double check that it's six right.  You're gonna get something Logan. You're gonna get something and Jonah Jonah Wilson Congratulations, boom You're gonna get the grand prize which is $500 and break correct. Whoo.  So appreciate it guys. Thank you guys for selling out these breaks Look out for some more promos soon and for anybody ready for next weekend with Black Friday We're gonna have some promos and some nice sales on our website here on Instagram What not and in our store here in Hermosa Beach, California. Appreciate you guys. Have a great night. Thank you guys


Can you guess what kind of gas was in the balloon you just saw explode? If you guessed hydrogen, you're right. Hydrogen is an element that's usually found in its gas form. Although hydrogen makes for great explosion, it's also really useful. For example, today we're going to talk about hydrogen fuel cells. Hydrogen fuel cells are a lot like batteries. They use chemical reactions to produce electricity. Many hydrogen fuel cells use pure hydrogen as their fuel. There are many ways to obtain pure hydrogen, but today we're going to electrolyse water. Electrolyzing water means to apply an electric current to water molecules to decompose them into hydrogen and oxygen. Here we have two electrodes in water. We're applying a current with the help of a battery. The bubbles forming on one of the electrodes are made of hydrogen gas and the ones forming on the other electrodes are made of oxygen gas. The same thing will happen here in this model fuel cell vehicle. So the battery will provide the current to electrolyse the water. The motor of the car uses the electric current produced by the fuel cell. Fuel cell technology in vehicles may one day provide an alternative to the gasoline internal combustion engine. It has the potential to greatly diminish emissions. The world's first demonstration vehicle using only fuel cell technology was created by Ballard Power Systems, a Canadian company. You can check out the Ballard fuel cell here at the Canada Science and Technology Museum.


16 Mr. Holcomb was up very early the next morning. I heard him moving around at five o'clock, and at six he banded my door and demanded to know what time the neighborhood rose. He had been up for an hour and there were no signs of life. He was more cheerful after he had had a cup of coffee, commented on Lidda's beauty, and said that Howell was a lucky chap. "'That is what worries me, Mr. Holcomb,' I said. I am helping the affair along. And what if it turns out badly?' He looked at me over his glasses. He didn't like it turn out badly. He said, I have never married Mrs. Pittman, and I have missed a great deal out of life. Perhaps you're better off, if you had married and lost your wife.' I was thinking of Mr. Pittman. "'Not at all,' he said with emphasis. It's better to have married and lost than ever to have married at all. Every man needs a good woman, and it doesn't matter how old he is. The older he is, the more he needs her. I am nearly sixty.' I was rather startled, and I almost dropped the fried potatoes. But the next moment he had got out of his notebook and was going over the items again. "'Pillow slip,' he said. Knife broken. Onyx clock. I wouldn't think so much of the clock if he hadn't been so damnably anxious to hide the key. So this crepency in time was revealed by the trial. "'Yes. It is as clear as a bell. Mrs. Pittman, the sad Maguire woman next door, sleep all day?' "'She's up now,' I said, looking out the window. He was in the hall in a moment, only to come to the door later, hat in hand. Is she the only other woman on the street to keep borders?' "'She's the only woman who doesn't,' I snapped. She'll keep anything that doesn't belong to her, except borders.' "'Ah!' he lighted his corn cow pipe and stood puffing at it and watching me. He made me uneasy. I thought he was going to continue the subject of every man needing a wife, and I'm afraid I had already decided to take him if he offered, and to put the schoolteacher out, and have a real partner again. But to keep Mr. Reynolds, he being tidy and no bother. But when he spoke, he was back to the crime again. "'Did you ever work a typewriter?' he asked. "'What, with the surprise? I was a little sharp. I don't play any instrument except an egg beater,' I replied shortly, and went on clearing the table.  But of course you do, Mrs. Pitman.  Don't you think you could be Alice Murray for a few moments?  You meet an actor and you fall in love with him, and he with you. That's hard to imagine, that last. Not so hard,' he said gently. "'Now the actor is going to put you on the stage, perhaps in this new play, and some day he is going to marry you.' "'Is that what he promised a girl?' "'According to some letters her mother found, yes. The actor is married, but he tells you he will divorce the wife. You are to wait for him, and in the meantime he wants you near him, away from the office, your other men are apt to come in with letters to be typed and to chaff you.  I had been a pretty girl, but work and worry. Now you are going to New York very soon, and in the meantime you have cut yourself off from all your people. You have no one but this man. What would you do? Where would you go? How old was the girl?' "'Nineteen.' "'I think,' I said slowly, that if I were nineteen and in love with a man and hiding, I would hide as near him as possible. I'd be likely to get a window that could see his going out and coming in, a place so near that he could come often to see me.' "'Bravo,' he exclaimed. Of course, with your present wisdom and experience, you would do nothing so foolish. But this girl was in her teens. She was not very far away, for probably saw her that Sunday afternoon, when he was out for two hours. And as the going was slow that day, and he had much to tell and explain, I figure she was not far off, probably in this very neighborhood. During the remainder of that morning, I saw Mr. Holcomb at intervals, going from house to house, along Union Street, making short excursions into side thoroughfares, coming back again and taking up his doorbell ringing with unflagging energy. I watched him off and on for two hours. At the end of that time he came back flushed and excited. "'I found the house,' he said, wiping his glasses. She was there all right, not so close as we had thought, but as close as she could get. "'And can you trace her?' I asked. His face changed and saddened. "'Poor child,' he said. "'She is dead, Mrs. Pitman. Not she. Not so weakly.' "'No,' he said patiently. That was Jenny Brice. "'But Mr. Howell—Mr. Howell is a young ass,' he said with irritation. He did not take Jenny Brice out of the city that morning. He took Alice Murray in Jenny Brice's clothing and veiled. "'Well, that is five years ago. Five times since then the Alicane River, from being a mountain inoffensive stream, carrying a few boats and a great deal of sewage, has become a raging destroyer, and has filled our hearts with fear and our cellars with mud. Five times since then Molly McGuire has appropriated all that the flood carried from my premises to hers. And five times have I lifted my carpets and moved Mr. Holcomb, who occupies the parlor bedroom, to a second floor room. "'A few days ago, as I said at the beginning, we found Peter's body floating in the cellar, and as soon as the yard was dry, I buried him.  But I shall miss him.' Yesterday a river man fell off a barge along the waterfront and was drowned. They dragged a river for his body, but they did not find him. But they found something—an onyx-clock, with the tattered remnant of a muslin pillow-slip wrapped around it. It only bore out the story, as we had known it for five years. The Murray girl had lived long enough to make a statement with the police, although Mr. Holcomb only learned this later. On the statement being shown to Labdie in the jail, and his learning of the girl's death, he collapsed. He confessed before he was hanged, and his confession briefly was like this. He had met the Murray girl in connection with the typing of his play, and had fallen in love with her. He had never cared for his wife, and would have been glad to get rid of her in any way possible. He had not intended to kill her, however. He had planned to elope with the Murray girl, and awaiting an opportunity had persuaded her to leave home and to take a room near my house. Here he visited her daily, while his wife was at the theatre. They had planned to go to New York together on Monday, March the 5th. On Sunday the 4th, however, Mr. Branson and Mr. Howell had made their curious proposition. When he accepted, Philip Ladly maintained that he meant only to carry out the plan as suggested, but the temptation was too strong for him. That night, while his wife slept, he had strangled her. I believe he was frantic with fear after he had done it. Then it occurred to him that if he made the body unrecognizable, he would be safe enough. On that quiet Sunday night, when Mr. Howell reported all peaceful in the Ladly room, he had cut off the poor wretch's head, and had tied it up in a pillow-sleep, weighed with my onyx-clock. It is a curious fact about the case that the scar which his wife incurred to enable her to marry him was the means of his undoing. He insisted, and I believe he was telling the truth, that he did not know of the scar. That is, his wife had never told him of it, and had been able to conceal it. He thought she had probably used paraffin in some way. In his final statement, written with great care, and no little, little rarity finish, he told the story in detail, of arranging the clues as Mr. Howell and Mr. Bronson had suggested, of going out in the boat with the body covered with a fur coat in the bottom of the skiff, of throwing it into the current above the Ninth Street Bridge, and of seeing the fur coat fall from the boat and carry it beyond his reach, of disposing of the head near the Seventh Street Bridge, of going to a drugstore as per the Howell instructions, and of coming home at four o'clock to find me at the head of the stairs. Several points of confusion remained. One had been caused by Temple Hope's refusal to admit that the dress and hat that figured in the case were to be used by her the next week at the theatre. Mr. Ladly insisted that this was the case, and that on that Sunday afternoon his wife had requested him to take them to Miss Hope, that they had quarrelled as to whether they should be packed in a box or in the brown valleys, in that he had visited Alice Murray instead. It was on the way there that the idea of finally getting rid of Jenny Brice came to him, and away, using the black and white striped dress of the dispute. Another point of confusion had been the dismantling of his room that Monday night, sometime between the visit of Temple Hope and the return of Mr. Holcomb. This was to obtain the scrap of paper containing the list of clues as suggested by Mr. Howell, a clue that might have brought about a premature discovery of the so-called hoax. To the girl who had told nothing of his plan, but he had told her she was to leave town on an early train the next morning, going as his wife, that he wished her to wear the black and white dress and hat for reasons that he would explain later, and to be veiled heavily, that to the young man who would put her on the train, and who had seen Jenny Brice only once, she was to be Jenny Brice, to say as little as possible and not to raise her veil. Her further instructions were simple, to go to the place at Horner, where Jenny Brice had planned to go, but to use the name of Bellows there, and after she had been there for a day or two, to go as quietly as possible to New York. He gave her the address of a boarding house where he could write her, and where he would join her later. He reasoned in this way, that as Alice Murray was to impersonate Jenny Brice, and Jenny Brice hiding from her husband, she would naturally discard her name. The name Bellows had been hers by a previous marriage, and she might easily resume it. Thus, to establish his innocence, he had not only the evidence of Howell and Bronson, but the whole thing was a gigantic hoax. He had the evidence of Howell that he had started Jenny Brice to Horner that Monday morning, that she had reached Horner, had there assumed an incognito, as Mr. Pitman would say, and had later disappeared from there, maliciously concealing herself to work his undoing. In all probability he would have gone free, so richer by a hundred dollars for each week of his imprisonment, but for two things. The flood, which had brought opportunity to his door, had brought Mr. Holcomb to feed Peter the dog, and the same flood which should have carried the helpless body as far as Cairo, or even further on down the Mississippi, had rejected it in an eddy below a clay bluff at Zwickley, with its pitiful covering washed from the score. Well, it is all over now. Mr. Ladly is dead, and Alice Murray, and even Peter lies in the yard. Mr. Reynolds made a small wooden cross over Peter's grave, and carved, till we meet again on it. I daresay the next flood will find it in Molly McGuire's kitchen. Mr. Howell and Lidda are married. Mr. Howell inherited some money, I believe, and what is that, and Lidda declaring she would either marry him in a church, or run off to Stubendale, Ohio? Alma had to consent. Howell went to the wedding, and stood near the door, while Alma swept in in lavender chiffon and rose-point lace. She has not improved with age, has Alma. But Lidda? Lidda, under my mother's wedding veil, with her eyes like stars, seeing no one in the church and all that throng but the boy who waited at the end of the long church aisle, I wanted to run out and claim her, my own blood, my more than child. I sat down and covered my face, and from the pew behind me someone leaned over and patted my shoulder. Miss Bess, old Isaac said gently, don't take on Miss Bess. He came the next day, and brought me some lilies from the bride's bouquet that she had sent me, and a bottle of champagne from the wedding supper. I had not tasted champagne for twenty years. That is all of the story, and summer afternoon sometimes, when the house is hot, I go to the park and sit. I used to take Peter, but now he is dead. I like to see Lidda's little boy. The nurse knows me by sight, and lets me talk to the child. He can say Peter quite plainly. But he does not call Alma a grandmother. The nurse says she does not like it. He calls her Nana. Lidda does not forget me, especially at flood times. She always comes to see if I am comfortable. The other day she brought me, with apologies, so she phoned down her mother had worn at her wedding. Alma had never worn it but once, and now she was too stout for it. I took it. I am not proud, and I should like Molly but why to see it? Mr. Holcomb asked me last night to marry him. He says he needs me, and that I need him. I am a lonely woman, and getting old, and I am tired of watching the gas meter, and besides with Peter dead, I need a man in the house all the time. The flood district is not too orderly. Besides, when I have a wedding dress laid away, and a bottle of good wine, it's him so pity not to use them. I think I shall do it. End of Chapter 16. End of the Case of Jenny Price. Recorded by Winna Hathaway in Fayetteville, North Carolina.


Hello and welcome to MIP TV and for our usual special segment of MIP TV which is of course Bob Cook's book reviews. So welcome Bob and you've got a cracking book in this section haven't you? We've just been talking about it off air haven't we? Yeah it's a real favourite book of mine. It comes from 1989 so some time ago and it's called Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder. Wow. But Frank Clough, sorry my apologies, Frank Putnam, P-U-T-N-A-M, that's fine. Okay so a lot of people think multiple personalities you know and they may get some kind of ideas from horror films. It's usually the sort of thing that gets kind of quite ghoulish headlines but what is multiple personality disorder Bob? What is it? Well it's the old name really for what is called now dissociative identity disorder. So before they changed the classification I don't know how many years ago in the ICD-9 and the DSM-5 or 4 if you like it was called multiple personality disorder. Basically it's when the ego fragments into many different parts. So in other words we've got many discrete personalities which were often laid dormant and sometimes emerge but they control the individual's actions. Okay so for those for those perhaps we'll watch then I don't quite know what the ego is. The ego really is is the part of us that kind of exists in consciousness doesn't it? It kind of guides us along as opposed to the id which is the kind of child, the fiery child of the personality and the super ego which is like the super parents. So the ego is how we function in the world it's who we are really isn't it in a lot of theories yeah and what you're saying is is that in some cases and we may talk about what those cases are people fragment so they have you know they have different identities and how are those identities present Bob? Would it be really different from the person you initially meet? Oh yes so if we think of a honeycomb I've only picked up a honeycomb yeah there's many many many different pockets isn't it? Yeah and if we imagine that each of those pockets is like a separate ego or a person if you want to look at it that way then each one of those pockets has in ta terms would have a parent adult child. In other words they would be like a specific person and these fragmentations of the ego are split in reaction to trauma. Right. So if there's been a real traumatic occasion say like sexual abuse or a violation of a person's ego whether it be trauma at the level I've just talked about or not then in order to protect itself the ego in order to protect itself will how can I put it put it put it fragment and cut itself off to different parts of the consciousness or unconsciousness.   Right so it would be to the to the lay person who wouldn't be trained this or it would it would look like and he's very kind of simplistic terms here and not wanting to be rude or judgmental but for someone who wasn't a therapist it would look like someone is playing many different parts. Correct very good that's that's a good way to look at it and let me give you an example of that. I've taken at least two people who've had many different identities and wanted to integrate those into identities into a whole have come to me for treatment for at least 10 or 11 years now I'm thinking of one person particularly who arrived through my waiting room and she had problems particularly in personal life in any sense of continuity or say she didn't remember time and sometimes she'd find herself in dangerous places or difficult scenarios or even different geographical places and she didn't know how she got there well have amnesia and she came to the the institute she knew me particularly in terms of my professional process and in the first session I was talking to a very bright energetic intellectual person in many ways and then she said do you know Bob and I said what she said I have 142 pairs of shoes good grief and I'm guessing from that that because each of those personalities would buy a pair of shoes yes and have made so each altar might have 20 different pairs of shoes and I knew which person she was by the shoes or the clothes that she wore how interesting how interesting well maybe we'll do a longer interview on that because that sounds really fascinating but in terms of this book by Frank Putnam how how does that help a clinician let me tell you yeah Putnam provides an organisational map of how to treat people suffering from multiple-person disorder I mean before that he talks about how to diagnose them as well but if we talk about the treatment he provides a map of how to work with the different parts of the MPD in other words if we look at this in terms of calling these different parts if you like the name we're going to use here's altars so each one of these people are called altars so he provides an organisational map of how to work with every particular altars and he puts them into classifications to the older altars the elder altars the younger altars and he talks about how do we actually meet them and talk to these different fragmented parts of the self yeah because I'm guessing if you have someone with 20 different personalities depending on what they present with potentially you could have 20 different clients couldn't you yeah that's exactly and you know what Putnam says and this is very true you have to go through what we call the host altar to actually talk to the other altars because in the organisational map that Putnam talks about the host altar that's the one in the here and now that is actually present more than any other altar okay knows about many of the other altars the younger ones the even the older ones or the ones cut off and frozen in time but they don't know so much about other altars so the host altar who knows most of the other altars is like a mediator for me to be able to talk to these different parts of the self it strikes me Bob and I may be naive in this response but it strikes me of an old kind of technique a lot support workers use working with people with schizophrenia to try and get the voices that people have to talk to each other yeah to be externalised yeah to be externalised so this book gives a map it's a clinician's book I'm presuming it's not a book that someone could just buy and then toddle off and treat people with multiple personalities or dissociative identities it's not one of those things one could read and say oh I could do this then oh no no no no you need to be pretty experienced I mean when I started working with my first multiple if you like I've been practicing for many many years and in some ways it was quite scary and scary in two or three ways one was the huge level of trauma all these the people present with and secondly as I started to talk to different altars I got quite scared at the amount of time they would spend in these altars and actually for one time would we ever get back to present day so no this is a book for a professional clinician and actually takes a lot of courage to be able to work with the types of people with severe dissociation in amnesia it sounds like a fascinating book a clinician's book for someone who's really specialised one last question Bob through the years this book was in 1986 is that right it first came out yeah is there any more revisions to it as any kind of opinion changed in the last 20 plus years yeah now we've got remember we've got a new diagnostic term for this particular term called dissociative identity disorder now dissociative identity disorder has a one-level daydreaming which we all do yeah and the other end fragmentation of the personality to a severe sense losing of identity at a fragmented process which is multiple personality disorder so you get many books that talks about the continuum and also get books that talks about how to work at the excessive continuum which I'm talking about here and how to talk work with the neurotic level so you have many specialisms but if we're just talking about the mpd side or the severe did side they will talk about how to deal with dissociation and amnesia the same way as put them taught how interesting how interesting so the the idea and the approach seem to remain intact it's just that the the classification and the language around the presentations altered through the years yeah yeah because you still need to talk to each fragmented part of the self and the cure is the same and that's full blown integration yes now of course very rarely do you get full blown uh you know full blown integration really the best you're going to get is helping them manage their lives more functionally yes yeah it sounds like a fascinating book it sounds like a fascinating topic bob and one that you might you know if you're up for all we could revisit it perhaps in the video all of its own yeah um but the book is called diagnosis and treatment of multiple personality disorders it's by frank putnam will put a picture of it up at the end and if you go to the the information bar below the video I'll put a link to the book or the latest incantation of it people can inspect it as always we always say this at the video bob isn't being paid this isn't a paid placement uh for bobs uh for for bob this is just bob sharing his passionate book so thank you so much bob cook thank you