When treating a two millimeter lesion, every pixel of what I'm treating matters. At the PMC loss and cancer center, our true beam linear accelerator allows even the smallest areas to be precisely targeted. Our purpose is saving lives. Pikeville Medical Center has recently been awarded a grant from SAMHSA that will allow them to host weekly EMT training courses. The evening courses are being conducted by the Pikeville Fire Department and will accommodate any who need flexible hours to participate. Anyone can join the program free of charge. We got a grant through our hard work of our grant department. We obtained a grant that has allowed us to buy some much needed medical equipment for our community responders as well as staff and teach a EMT class to 36 successful candidates over the course of the year that will allow us more people in our community that have the tools and now the knowledge in order to be able to provide care to their family, their friends, their neighbors until the EMS can arrive. PMC is seeking to relieve the shortage of emergency workers in eastern Kentucky. The program also advertises the wide variety of work available to those who obtain their EMT license. Our grant is for 36. We're almost there with this first class so you know anybody that's interested in it you need to be reaching out to Mitch Case at the Pikeville Fire Department and getting him your information so that he can be putting you on the roster so that we can see how many we're going to have and yeah we structured the class you know it's two nights a week I think they're running Mondays and Thursdays if I'm not mistaken. You can work in doctor's offices yes you can be on the road in emergency medical services which is a great thing you know to know that you got to somebody in Phillips got them packages loaded and provided the care that they needed that sustained them till you could get them to our emergency department you know it's a very rewarding field you know the mines the mines use what they call METs which is a lot of along the same line so somebody could have the EMT training and go into the mines if they so chose so there's just there's so many opportunities in the medical field for these positions. Reporting from out in top news I'm Nick Collum


I'm Alex Martelli, you may know me, I'm best known as the owner of Python in a... Okay, apologies in advance if the presentation is not up to my usual standards, but I'm not used to being chained in one spot. I'm a walker, but there is no moving mic. As I said, probably best known for Python in a nutshell. The third edition is just out, co-ordered with my wife Anna Martelli Ravenscroft and Steve Holden used to be the organizers of the very first Python. But this is outside what I cover in Python in a nutshell. Actually, I would say the Python here is only used for examples. And what I'm trying to show is just about as useful in any programming language you may be using. Because in any programming language, a typical software system can be seen as a directed acyclic graph in which there's a lower layer of modules or services or components, call them as you will, that provides some functionality but don't depend on any other that you've written. They may be interfacing external entities, of course, like a database and a domain name system in this example. There's middle layers, which both depend on some modules and are depended upon. And there's top layers that are not depended on but depend on any other subsystem. So as long as you don't have any cycle in your directed graph, any directed acyclic graph can have its node classified in these. If you do have cycles, you have far bigger problems than I can hope to address. Because the point is the arrows are dependencies.  And thus completely refactor everything, break the dependency cycle. That's much more important than anything else I or anybody else can teach you. So leave the conference and go do that and break your dependency cycles. It's really, really you want to do that. If you don't have dependency cycles, this will always hold. I've had some questions about, wait, multiple top layers? Well, duh, it is 2017, I'm told. So of course you will have an API and a web interface and perhaps a local graphical user interface and a local command line interface. So you will have multiple top level. I certainly hope so if your system is rich and complicated enough. So the next issue is, okay, so we have that thing. Why do we test it? Okay, unfortunately in 45 minutes I cannot compress a few hours' worth of explanation of why testing is the crucial discipline in software development. And I would recommend you go online, find any other talk I've ever given and most other talks given by other people and get those to understand why you really want, why you really have to test. We won't be covering them today. What I'm covering here is the how. Not the why, but the how. The most antique, traditional form of testing. Distinguished tests into white box, meaning tests that are written in full knowledge of what's inside, the components being tested, and black box which is supposed to only use the external connections made available by the components. That has been dropped since a long time in professional practice. It's not a very useful distinction. However, how we do things in the modern way looks like the old way with new names, and it's not much more useful. We nowadays tend to have unit tests, which are really white boxy, typically looking a lot inside the components they're testing, and they're written by developers, for developers just to ease development. Nothing wrong with that, but that's like one extreme, and then we only have the other extreme. Integration tests which are end-to-end, so they do have to go from soup to nuts, I think is a British expression for a complete meal, and will often have stuff that cannot really be automated and therefore need a human being in the loop. If you need a human being in the loop, by my lights you don't really have a test. You have a separate step of your software development and delivery cycle, which I like to call quality assurance. Use a different term than testing, because for my point of view, testing has to be automated. So for a complete end-to-end thing, you can automate tests when the top unit is an API, a common line interface, a web page using Selenium and similar tools, if it's a graphical unique interface running locally, there are some tricks to do that, but you'll never do it right. And meanwhile, what about all the other things we'd like to automate and we'd like to use in a continuous integration environment so that something gets fully integrated and released and deployed only when all tests pass. If there have to be human in the testing loop, you just can do that. Humans are unreliable, not repeatable, very bad at mechanically repeating a series of operations, very slow, very costly. There's a million reasons you must not have humans in the loop of testing. I have a completely different proposal. We have a software system composed of components, modules, services, micro-services nowadays, whatever. It doesn't matter. All the dependencies are all we're looking at, which naturally forms layers. Why not structure our tests in the same way we inevitably naturally structure our software, assuming we make it modular at all as opposed to one big million line program, which I hope none of us would do. In this view, then, of course, we have unit tests. They have to be very fast because they're running all the time. They focus strictly on a component or module or service internal logic so that at the limit you can mock out every dependency. I think they need to be fast. Essentially, above all, it's the top priority for your unit test is make them fast. Then, building upon that, and we'll see how, we'll have higher layer tests, but not on a single big jump from unit tests all the way to end-to-end takes forever test. We'll do layers and layers of testing, as we'll see. You can see this as a pattern language of testing structures. Pattern languages are most understood in this community for design purposes, but they also apply to a lot of other human creative activity, and one of them is testing. In a sense, we're talking about how to design but also how to execute the test. Sometimes I get interesting objections at this point about what you mean fast, above all. I think of fast when I'm doing production stuff, tests, I don't need to be fast, right? Yes, you do. In a modern integrated development arrangement, your tests, your unit tests, should be running all the time in the background. As the system sees you've saved some changes to a file, it should reload that and every dependency and every test that can be affected and rerun them all for you. In this, if that's the setup you have, and I hope so because it really multiplies your productivity, and just about any ID is able to do that today, if you have that and your test, set of tests that has been modified, it takes 10 seconds to run, then if there's any problem, you're alerted within 10 seconds of saving the problematic code. So it's still top of your mind. You can see the error and probably say exactly a duh. See immediately what you did wrong, fix it, and proceed. If it's five minutes, you've lost mental context. You've moved on to another task. You now need quite a bit of time to get back in your mind to what was I thinking when I wrote that, and now you're losing all of that you've done after. Seriously, an order of magnitude impact on your productivity because you didn't think that your test should be first of all fast, fast, fast. Oh, but integration tests certainly can afford to be slow. Well, I have a very recent case study showing why not. Python 361 released candidate one. So what was it three months ago? Something like that. Okay. In the speaker notes, I have the URL to the discussion on Python committers about what was going on. Essentially, Brett Cannon had to announce he had turned off the gating of integration tests on the continuous integration of 361, released candidate one, because they were taking forever. So actually integrating a pull request was getting so slow that the releasing question would have probably come out around 2023 or something like that. If your integration tests aren't fast enough, you might as well not have them. That's how important fast is for your integration test. Okay, there's a difference here because if you are well funded, rich, have general sponsors, you can be running your integration test on a million machines. Well, a million would be a bit of an overkill, but on a lot of machines. So as long as the slowest one is fast enough, the others are running in parallel and everything is rosy. Most open source projects don't have unlimited amounts of machines at hand. So we get charity by Travis or whoever and we can use, I don't know the exact number, Larry Minow since he's been such a sponsor, such a release engineer, release captain for so many releases of Python, but I think it's a single digit number of servers, not anywhere like enough. So you need to be fast, fast, fast. Now, everything that applies to other forms of automated testing still does. I wish I had a couple more hours to recap everything, I probably bore half of you, but so the first thing is, all tests must be reproducible. That seems obvious, but people keep running into problems. One of them is, oh, but I have a human there and get it out or it's not an automated test. But one example, but my module uses random numbers. Well, then make sure that you're able to inject a fixed seed so that your test will actually be doing the same sequence of random numbers. There's some delicacy there because maybe on some cases you're calling the generator five times or another path seven times so the same seed may not actually give, but if you're using random numbers presumably you know all of that and can ensure, keep it under control, much more common. Oh, but my code does something different depending on what day of the week it is or what time of day it is because it needs to do something, if it's between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Monday to Friday, do something different out of hours. Well, great, but then you have to somehow fake out the time and make sure to test both, in this case, to behavior so that your program should have in office hours and out of hours because otherwise if you're just letting the time be whatever time you happen to run the test on that's essentially random because you may be running them any time, all the time and many other excellent mandatory quality of tests whether layered or not the fundamental things apply. Now, let's start with some bit more concrete to show what I'm talking about. How do we test this database adapter? Well, the first, maybe I'm just testing my own logic then all I need to do is mark off the external DB component. Incidentally, there's a beginner's talk about mocks this afternoon which unless you're completely familiar with them mocking and patching is highly recommended. It's kind of a prerequisite of this talk but even getting it after is better than not getting it at all. So mocking is fine as long as you are certain you understand a hundred percent of the behavior characteristics of that external DB but there's a second possibility which when feasible can often be better. Use a fake also known as an emulated form of DB. That's local, that's controlled, local so you don't have to pay for network traffic pay or slow down things. It's totally under your control we'll point out some details. Made it in memory because you don't need gigabytes and gigabytes for a test so you can make a smaller version but the crucial thing it must respect all the same semantic constraints as the real system you'll be running in production. What's a semantic constraint? One example that's unfortunately common among various databases after close, the close method has been called on a connection any other, no other method must be called on that connection. If any other method is called then a runtime error will be raised. If this is the way the real DB behaves then it's absolutely crucial that the fake emulates this behavior. So it keeps track of whether the connection is being closed and if it's being closed and some other method gets called then boom, it raises that exception. A mock, of course, will not do that not naturally unless you know you have to specifically watch for it. If you do specifically know make sure your mock does have that because other future maintainers of the code may miss that subtle semantic constraint and if your mock has this completeness it will help. But this is an example of a general problem of mocking. Mock, stuff that you write to help your testing reflect the same understanding of the external system that your code reflects. If you understood that close must be the last method called on the connection then you won't call anymore in your code and your mock will check and give an error if you do. But if you don't understand that the test will pass anyway because the mock will not do the check. So there's a common mode of potential failure between the test not catching something and your code having that defect. The only real solution to that is the fake which will get to again and again there's another talk specifically about verified fakes which I strongly recommend. Okay, incidentally, fake in addition to having to respect all the semantic constraints of the thing it's faking may add others. This is a typical example for something like a database. The fake could say no more than 32 megabyte of data just because it's in memory and that will make it should be enough for testing. Now, given this set of constraints set of approaches this is where I use Python for examples and I assume that the mock module has been taken as a package. I'm not going to repeat this line it applies to all my successive example. I'm using mock first because mock patch is such a great way to temporarily substitute something for a real component and then take it out away automatically. I do that. Unit test.mock offers many ways to do it. I always use in this example the with statement because it's such a natural way to say do this temporarily, end of the with block undo it, whatever. So I'm mocking. I'm using auto spec in the mock talk I believe prefers the spec set and other things. These are specific to unit test mock and well worth pondering and that's why I strongly recommend this afternoon's talk but essentially it makes a lot of sense and I'm going to put in place something that will emulate most anything and for the details of the behavior you set its side effect field. In particular here I'm setting the side effect of the cursor of the connection of the fake database. So FTB connect cursor a big chunk of code presumably split into functions methods whatever which exercise every meaningful path of the application code. Well the code I own, the code I write. Now if what I'm doing is a second layer so using a fake instead of a mock then the typical structure is make the fake with appropriate parameters patch it to say new equal in mock patch instead of auto-spec true which sets an existing object in the other and then populate in this case the database by actually executing for example sequence statements on a cursor of this connection and then the same body of test as before because we've set up exactly the same situation except the fake instead of a mock we can proceed and for full integration test well I presume I start an instance of the database presumably locally like for example on the machine I'm using for test so I can connect so the connection can use Unix socket which is faster than a network socket that I have to use if it was actually on the net and populated somehow maybe just by executing stuff or importing a dump or something so it's got an initial situation and then the same body of test that I was using in unit tests which is where the novelty applies the body of test is a core reusable part of the test for a certain component it exercises all meaningful parts and that must include simulated errors incidentally if you're using mocks or other forms of spies will briefly summarize all the various test doubles later but you can also check what calls there have been, what arguments be careful of not falling into the trap of white box you don't want your tests to have exactly the same structure of the code so that if some innocuous change to the code causes the test to fail that's not the purpose the test gives you confidence that the code is still working so they must not reflect so if it's indifferent whether A happens first and then B or vice versa make sure it's indifferent in your test the extra checks are optional mocks are also always spies so they make it free but you can always wrap anything with a spy to just allow those checks if you're really keen about them so the big point in any case is there's a difference between mocks and fakes and there are many other kind of test doubles unfortunately the classic article in the matter Martin Fowler's this URL is very Java oriented still as I mentioned at the start these concepts apply to just about any programming language you might want to use except of course that to give examples in Java considering every variable must be at least 45 characters long and with several capitals in the middle will take more pixels whatever they from my point of view rather than the important fine grain detail between a dummy and a fake and a mock and a stub and a spy and so on is who owns it who maintains it who releases it a fake the way I'm using the term is something that is maintained and released by the same group who maintains and release the software being faked if I am part of an open source group maintaining and releasing a database I will have a fake version of the database ready for testing of an example of being complete SQLite which comes with the standard library is a perfectly usable database for reasonably small storage like a few gigabytes of stuff but it also has a colon memory colon special word to use instead of the file name it will make the database in memory which can be useful for very small databases but more particularly for tests it's not complete as we'll see it's not the old you'd want a fake so again there's a talk later on validated fakes later this morning which I strongly recommend because it will go deeper into what I can barely mention so a mock is very flexible can simulate anything but exactly because of that it can simulate something you think should exist but it's not what actually exists the fake as a fast limited emulation of the exact set of things that do exist they both should and this is where SQLite will short as a fake of itself be able to simulate any error that is they should be able to be set so that instead of giving a result they will raise an exception a specified exception that's trivial with mock you just assign the exception to the side effect instead of the result but for the fake the fake must have been presented this way or you can kind of hack it by wrapping a mock around the fake for the sole purpose but it gets kind of grotesque anyway the reason is that certain errors in particular which are crucial to be handled correctly are almost impossible to simulate to verify that your code makes any sense except for example what do you do if the CPU catches fire well you presumably catch the CPU on fire exception and proceed to turn down but the point is how do you test that because it takes a lot of CPUs to be burned and it's hard to automate too if you really need to do that by far the best is the CPU on fire and then you check you handled it now moving to a middle layer module what changes well for the pure unit test you can mock out the low level module on which it depends in this case you have fewer risks presumably all the modules and components we're drawing are owned by the same team so there is good understanding around so you don't really risk hopefully you don't, you just need to get your mocks reviewed by the specialists who know LL1, who know LL2 there is however interesting alternative for a mid-layer what if I use the actual LL1 and LL2 in this case there are no further dependencies so no further problems well it works if they're fast enough so you are not too sure if they are that's what time it is for measuring the speed of a specific fragment of code if they are fast enough you don't need to do the mocking that makes, let's work for you if you need to verify at the start you need the same amount of work but then if the actual modules are fast enough, ta-da you don't have to maintain them so you need to go forward remember there are some priming that you need to be able to do in your low levels which include simulating errors as well as whatever else is needed for speed, like equivalent to the colon memory thing in SQLite and this is the schema as again there's a prepare with side effects and then the body or prepare with priming and then the body what about a high level like picking one well then you have several potential chains of dependencies and you can do a pure unit test by mocking out the mid layers you can do a second layer by using the actual mid layers and mocking down below using the real one there's many possibilities of mixing you have to pick a subset because if you try to do every possible combination you suffer a combinatorial explosion and don't get extra useful coverage for your effort so I'm taking I'm picking one set of mocking versus actually and faking and this is the code for that single case so this time you see body of test only once but that's because this is only one of the many layers I recommend so what do you use well the decision depends a lot on the characteristic of your code again mock it probably fastest and least accurate actually it's least work fast enough to be designed to be primeable for speed and other things like faking errors fake is probably best if you're using software which releases it incidentally need not be open source for example Google cloud platform services are all being released with emulators on the side so that you can run your test locally without necessarily I know because I need tech support for Google cloud platform and I really annoy my engineering and program manager colleague by saying every time there's a bug in a customer which could have been avoided if they had run test I go to my colleague and say see he couldn't run test because you didn't release an emulator for this service and that service when can I see it because otherwise I can send you the problems and so on and so forth anyway and one of the choices is to control the complexity sometimes it's not obvious when you say DNS domain name system for most people it means okay I get foo.com and translate that into an IP 1234 that's known as the A record in DNS but DNS has a million other kind of records from the C name to the TXT and maybe you need the TXT record to get the ownership of a domain and so on in which case it's not a trivial mock anymore as would be if you only needed A or quad A records before finish I have been asked a very interesting question but does it apply to load testing well there's a whole thing about measuring performance so it takes the whole afternoon today so you may want to go that but if you really need low test for performance unfortunately it doesn't apply the layering concept doesn't apply fully because you can't really measure based on the layer except end to end so there the end to end is needed you can take correctness for granted it needs to be tested by separate tests and low test but speed if you need to measure precisely you need the end to end you don't want the retest correctness correctness must be tested separately you want to exercise the slow parts the heavy computational or IO parts you can give boundary if you're lower level models you depend on have a service level agreement the kind of 90% of query is completing less than 30 millisecond that kind of thing and you need to guarantee something similar to your users there is an approach which gives you a worst case estimate essentially you can use the intermediate test to measure the actual time spent in your code and count the number of calls to the external services incidentally if the external services don't give you service level agreement then you cannot offer any in turn any single call to one of those could stop forever and this is about the body of test for that on the other hand other question is but can I use this approach when what I want to test is a refactoring of course you can indeed if the refactoring by incidentally refactoring means changing the internals of the code without theoretically changing any of the externally observable behavior if it's all within a module this is the base case all the talk applies entirely to testing that module the you may need to tweak test bodies the body of test just to maintain coverage because maybe some things have gone away and you don't need to test them anymore or something for moving functionality between modules the first thing you do is you change the code and check that the unit tests of those modules at least the one from which you've taken things away fail this is the typical approach of test first but it's automatic because you already have the test before you do the refactoring remember never refactor code without test is what Michael Feathers called legacy code always put some tests in place first but it's unfortunate to have to deal with legacy code so you make the test fail you run the test they automatically fail now you added the test bodies and potentially module mocks and fakes and now they pass check and then the intermediate levels showing that higher level the intermediate tests in the version using the actual lower levels showing the higher level modules are not affected and everything is happy finally one problem with the unit having to be passed is that sometimes not often just checking that a condition was actually satisfied can be two times consuming to fit in the very short time I want my unit tests to run in when that happens what I've done sometimes is dump like in the state of the whole system at the end check only was fast to check and leave a nice blob from which the whole system status can be reconstructed as if I was doing snapshot and restart and then in the background asynchronously just run background jobs which continuously check for sanity whatever is very slow and long to check so well for me that I've started doing snapshot when performance affords even in production runs a production run goes nobody complains everything seems to have gone well but I have a snapshot there and with some probability some random sample I sanity check afterwards once in a while this will let you catch a problem that was just barely hidden didn't hurt your users but you're quoted before it's quoted your users which is by far the best thing and this lets along to question and answer the everything including the speakers note which I've been talking about is in that PDF on my website yes do we have a mic for the questions? one small question what do you think about possibility of using like real database assimilated database that's better? what do you think about possibility to use real database, assimilated database but real database is in memory so when you run unit test you don't start anything you just create new database in memory put few records there and after it will be fast but at the same time it will give you a new database I'm sorry but I mean is there a material difference between what I've written and what I should have written if no then there is no error if yes then of course I can detect it so you need maybe afterwards we can sit down with piece of paper and you can show me an example because I just cannot conceive of one it seems logically impossible if the checks are correct if the checks take too long see the last slide you do them offline okay so if your software is fast enough let's say small enough whatever that means but it still has layers would you say that skipping mocking and faking is a good idea and just doing integration test if they run fast because it kind of gets down a workload of writing mocks and fakes to stay nailed here if your code does pure totally CPU bound computational issues then the speed is constrained by your CPU such code is normally best move to numpy or similar libraries which you assume are correct because no Eric Cramon's most famous quote given enough eyeballs all bugs are shallow with a million users of numpy bugs don't have a very long life there and this has a little advantage that by taking it for granted that numpy is correct you can mock it out without anomalies and your whole test will be correct if as most programs your is IO bound then is where mocking and faking and so on makes a big difference because a lot of that IO may go I don't know to a magnetic disk well if it stays in memory instead that will be faster it may go over the network if it stays local that will be faster and so on and so forth a little bit by little bit you can easily gain order of magnitude by sufficient simulation and thank you how much longer do we have so one, two more questions so it's lovely to hear that your teams produce good fakes how common would you say this is because my experience with fakes sorry my experience with faking things is that the fakes do not exist elsewhere and you burn a lot of time failing to fully understand the system would you say that it is becoming more common you mentioned that your teams you push them hard to produce fakes I want to ask about integration tests what do you think in what detail would you include online distributed services in your integration tests it doesn't seem feasible with CI but then you need to use mocks or some fakes for your online services so I'm sorry the acoustic is a little hard if I understood correctly you're talking about real-time software with some kind of real-time constraints let's assume your DB is on another server somewhere it requires internet connection it's something to run end-to-end integration tests on CI although I'm still not sure I've been pointed the question I believe that generally the more real-life constraints the real software has the more the test will be living in simulated universe fantasy universe things can go well or badly in a simulated and controlled way I normally get asked this about IoT Internet of Things applications where indeed the big deal is how do I deal with a million teeny gadget all over the place well you don't well you do in your code I hope but not in your test even the so-called end-to-end test are you going to have a million rumbos going around a huge room probably not there will be some level of simulation inevitably otherwise the test will be how do you test if my software controls Rocket putting men on Mars how do I test that well not end-to-end because then you have to get them back from Mars real problem


The DuPont Cavalcade of America, starring Helen Hayes. Good evening, this is Helen Hayes. Tonight, our cavalcade goes back over a century to the Chester Valley in Pennsylvania. Here live the young Quaker mother, Rebecca Lucan. By an accident of fate, she became responsible for the most important industry in the valley, the Brandywine Ironworks. Today, that ironworks bears her name, Lucan Steel Company, the world's largest plate mill. But before we begin our story, here's Bill Hamilton for the DuPont Company. Thank you, Miss Hayes. Ladies and gentlemen, a small rug on a bare floor is one of the dangerous spots in any home. 17,000 people are killed each year in their own homes, in falls falling downstairs, falling in the bathtub, falling on slippery sliding rugs. To help prevent such rugs from slipping or creeping, the DuPont Company manufactures rug anchor. DuPont rug anchor is a scientifically surfaced sponge rubber underlay which goes between the rug and the floor. Rug anchor is available in leading department stores and is another of the DuPont Company's better things for better living through chemistry. And now, woman of steel, starring Helen Hayes as Rebecca Lucan's on the DuPont Cavalcade of America. Help me, Rebecca. I must get up. I must work. Rebecca, this couldn't be the end. It couldn't be no, Charles. No, they must be patient. I wish I had told you, Rebecca, the mill in all our circumstances are in desperate straits. Charles, they will get well, they must. And until then, Shadrack Grimes will run the mill. Shadrack Grimes. He is a good man, is he not? Remember, he's a good man. He is a good man, is he not? Remember this, Rebecca. Shadrack is an ambitious man. Ambition makes men strong and weak, good and evil. Charles, please don't talk anymore. Be must-rest. Rebecca, I have lain in this bed thinking after many evenings when we have read from Shakespeare to gather her. Shall I read to thee now? No, thank thee. The page, I think, of most I'll remember well. Rebecca, listen to me. Good or racial, what a wounded name, thing standing thus unknown shall live behind me. If thou didst ever hold me and thy heart absently from the fivacity of wild, and in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain to clear. I understand, Charles. Charles, look at me. Charles, Charles. In 1825, when Rebecca Lukens became the widow of Charles Lukens, she was still a young woman, but already she was the mother of four children. Well, as she turned to face the future, there was but one person in the family who could give her aid, Solomon Lukens, her husband's older brother. Rebecca, I know nothing of the iron business, but I can recognize a zero when I see it. But we must find a way to go on. I tell thee, there is no money. But Charles said the whole country would soon need boilerplate. That is why he converted the milk, and I'm sure he was right. He must have been. My dear Rebecca, if thee had a fortune, thee still couldn't run an iron mill. Thee is a woman. Aye, Solomon, there's always someone to remind me that I am only a woman. Do they think the mother of four children can forget that? Say, Father, ma'am. Yes, Mariah. Shadrach Grimes is here to see you. Ask him to come in. Yes, ma'am. I am glad he is here. He is our superintendent at the mill, and he doesn't agree with thee, Solomon. He thinks I should go on. Good afternoon, ma'am. Shadrach. This is my brother-in-law, Solomon Lukens. How do you do? How do you do? Mr. Grimes, after a study of the books, I don't see how you can encourage Mrs. Lukens to continue. Well, I'm not Mr. Lukens. I'll manage things for her. All she has to do is set her home here like she always has, and I'll run the mill fine. The owner of an enterprise must know something of its business. Mrs. Lukens knows nothing of making iron. But I do. I was born a poor man, and I've worked guard and learned my business. And I say I can run that mill. Your ambition is commendable, Shadrach Grimes. But if you should fail, my sister-in-law would remain responsible. I cannot stand by and watch my brother's widow and children walk into poverty. Solomon, then thee would have me put out the fire at the mill? I am the only man left in this family, Rebecca. And since thee is a woman. I, being a woman, I dare not walk alone. Although it seems to me I have more strength to go on than I have to abandon my husband's face. All he needs now is the strength to be wise. Very well, Shadrach. I will go with you. We will put out the fire. It will be a sad sight, ma'am. Let Shadrach attend to that, Rebecca. There's no need to torture thyself, watching the death of the mill. No. My father lighted those fires in 1810, and my husband never once permitted them to die out. Now, if the decision is mine to quench those fires, I will see it through. Come, I believe with Macbeth. If it were done when it is done, then, for a while, it were done quickly. Shadrach. Yes, ma'am. What are all those wagons? Where are those people going? Out of the valley, ma'am. I guess with only a woman left, they knew that mill would close. But where are they going? Stop one of them. I want to talk to them. Hey there. Yeah? Pull up. What for? This is Mrs. Loken. She wants to talk to you. It's the waters family, ma'am. I know. Whoa. Whoa. Howdy, ma'am. How do you do, Enos and Grace Waters? Howdy, ma'am. I stopped you because I wanted to ask you where you are going. Well, we don't know, ma'am. With your father here and your husband, I guess we felt so safe in this valley. We never made plans. I guess we just thought the mill in your family would go on forever. Oh, now stop crying, Grace. My wife feels powerful sad, Mrs. Loken. We all feel sad. We belong in this valley, your family and my family. If we move out of the valley, the valley will die as well as the mill. I want to stay, Enos Waters. Will you stay with me? Rebecca, they can't stay unless the mill goes on. It can go on, Mrs. Loken. So I'll manage things. Enos Waters, if you and your people will stay, I will not close the mill. Well, I never. How could you run a mill?  Besides, you've got four children. Yes, Mrs. Waters. I have four children and no husband. What would you do? Don't say no more, Mrs. Loken. There's a look in your eye that my father told me he saw in your father's eye when they called him a fool for starting a mill. When I see that look again, it decides me to stay and see what'll happen. Play it, Ocicero. Turn around and get out.  Come on. Come on. Come on. Come on. Shadrach, I do intend to go on with the mill. But are these the best terms the and I can have? If you want me to stay and run this mill, that's what I want. Very well. Thank thee, Shadrach. I'll let thee know before the day is out if we can do business. Terms may be steep, but I'm the only one around here who knows how to make iron, and I'm worth it. Good day. Good day, Shadrach. Rebecca, thee can't consider it. His terms are outrageous. I know Solomon, but he knows how to make iron, and I don't. Then thee will be at his mercy. Not if I learn my business, Solomon. Not if I learn how to make iron, too. How can thee? He can't learn it from a book, and thee can hardly go down to the mill. Because I'm a woman? Then thee is going to see something thee hardly expects. He is going to see a woman in that mill, Solomon, at six o'clock tomorrow morning. Shadrach, I want to explain to thee about this order. It's very important. My husband works hard to get it, and it must be perfect. You don't have to come down to the mill to tell me how to make boilerplate, ma'am. That's my business. But this isn't for a boiler. Look here, Mrs. Lookins. You've been giving orders around here for three months now. Now am I running this mill or are you? Shadrach, look over there. What's happening? Shadrach! Shadrach, the rolls are stuck. There's a hot bar stuck in the mill. Shadrach, if the heat of that pot cracks those rolls, it'll be months before we can get out of this. Do something quick. Are you running this mill or am I? If you are, you take care of it. It's no time to talk. The creek's too low to turn the wheel. Enos, can't we force the wheel over? Well, I'll climb out on her and try. Can you give me some help? Shadrach, can't be helping. That's not my work, ma'am. Shadrach, never mind. George Harvey, Charles Hansom, out on the wheel. Hurry. All right, come on, come on. I'll help you. Let me get up there. No, Mrs. Lookins, you stay there. Don't come out here. My way will help. Push that wheel, ma'am. Mrs. Lookins, stay back. Push! Enos, jump! I say thank heaven, ma'am. You didn't get up there. That's no place for a woman. I've been telling her this whole mill is no place for a woman, and it never will be. As long as I own this mill, I'll be here, Shadrach. Then it's no place for me. I say, pig iron and petticoats don't mix, and I'm through. Good day, Mrs. Lookins. Excuse me, ma'am, but that didn't seem so wise to me. What choice have I got, Enos, except to give him the mill? Maybe, but Shadrach Grimes is a mighty good superintendent, and I got a feeling he won't be such a good enemy. You are listening to Woman of Steel, starring Helen Hayes as Rebecca Lookins on The Cavalcade of America, sponsored by the Defant Company, maker of better things for better living through chemistry. Rebecca Lookins kept the mill going. Sustained by her husband's dream that iron would one day be vital in building America, she struggled on. And the valley began to think of her only as a businesswoman. But Rebecca had more than the problems of the mill.  Do keep under the cloak, Martha, dear. Here's our medicine. Sit down, Miss. I must go over accounts with Uncle Solomon. He is waiting. But I want to know what happened to Miss Rosman to speak far. We didn't finish the story. I will be a later and other stories, wonderful stories, of kings and queens and the prince called Hamlet and a woman called Lady Macbeth. Why don't you rest, Solomon? I should go down and look at the mill, Rebecca. The creek is up, and I'm worried. This valley is full of old dams, and if any one of them breaks. Oh, Solomon, sometimes I feel guilty at all the worries I have thrust on thee. How can I ever thank thee for thy help? Rebecca, thee has taught me a good lesson in faith, one I needed. Now I want thee to see the accounts, the book's balance, Rebecca. By a razor's edge, I can see. However, we got through the winter, Solomon, and if nothing happens, if we get orders of better prices, Mrs. Lukens. Yes, Mariah? There's someone to see. It's that Shadrach Grimes. Shall I send him in? Shadrach? Here? Yes, Mariah, ask him to come in. This way, Mr. Grimes. Thank you. I hardly expected to see thee here, Shadrach. I'm sure of that, but does the DNM construction company in Philadelphia mean anything to you, Mrs. Lukens? No. It will when you see this contract I discovered your mill has with them. When I tell you I'm their superintendent. But this is dated before Dr. Lukens died. That's right. But you know how anxious my husband was to get plate orders at that time, and we couldn't fill this order now at prices like this without a law. A contract is a contract, Mrs. Lukens. That's something you'll have to learn. Shadrach, surely thy firm wouldn't hold Mrs. Lukens to that contract if I would bankrupt her mill. Is that her answer? It's all right with me. Oh, I see. Well, Shadrach, the order will be filled. Good day. That's fine, Mrs. Lukens. Very fine talk. Good day. Rebecca, he knows I post was foolish. Anyone can see now that he will have to go into bankruptcy. No, Solomon, I won't do it. Rebecca, be wise. No, Solomon, no. I think there was something very wise in Charles' vision. It is his fate which has pushed me on until, until now. And if, until my road is blocked finally and forever, I cannot and I will not. What, what is this? It's the dam. The mill dam is broken. The dam's gone. The spring slug. I told you the brandy wine was high. Oh, Rebecca, I'm, I'm terribly sorry. Does he realize what this means? Yes, Solomon. It is the end. I know I never would have quenched those fires as long as I lived. Now the brandy wine has put them out for me. Rebecca, why should he come here in the middle of the night? Even if the whole place stood perfect, what sort of mill can they have without the dam? Not enough to fill Shadrack's order. I can see that in the dark. Let me take thee home. This way, Rebecca. Don't go in there. Thee may step off into the current. Solomon. What? Come here. What is it? There, look. It's the fire. Solomon, it's the fire in the furnace. Rebecca, I can't believe it. It's an omen. If the flood didn't put out the fires, I shan't put them out. We'll rebuild the dam. We'll fill that order for Shadrack. In us, in this water. Are you calling me, ma'am? Is the last row of stone in the dam? Well, they're putting it in now. It took a month's work, but we're going to have it done by daybreak. But I don't understand, Ines. I've been down watching the race, and the water is so slow to rise, even with all this rain. Well, I don't know about that, ma'am, but you shouldn't stay here all night watching that. Every thread you've got on is soaked. You're shivering. I'm all right. I'm waiting for Mr. Lukens to come with a pack horse train. He is bringing more iron. We have to get started again, Ines, as fast as we can. Hello? Ain't that him, Mr. Lukens? Solomon, here we are. We've been waiting. I've been hurrying. I wanted to see if the dam was done, and what's happening? It's nearly finished, Solomon, but the water is so slow to rise. Yes, that's what I thought would be. Because it isn't going to rise, Rebecca. What do you mean? I passed a new dam, a building upstream, and a big one. That's what's catching all this rain. I found out there's another ironworks, a building upstream. Another ironworks? Who? Rebecca, I hate to tell thee. They say it belongs to Shadrack Grimes. Shadrack? That's what I guessed. But we must have water.  He'll never give up. Well, I shan't either. I'll just have to convince Shadrack this rain has fallen for all of us. There's no use talking any more, Mrs. Lookins. It's too bad about my dam, but I warned you. The iron business is no place for a woman. All right. I may be a woman, but I think now I'm as good an iron master as thee. And now I give thee warning. Tomorrow I raise my mill dam six inches. That will make the water back up on thee. You can't do that. You'll try and I'll go to law. Let's go to law together, Shadrack. Shadrack Grimes plaintiff against Rebecca Pannock-Lookins, iron master of Jester Cowley in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, pleading for an injunction to compel the missing. Rebecca Lookins plaintiff against one Shadrack Grimes of said county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, defendant to compel the said Shadrack Grimes. Solomon. Solomon, I have news. About the trial? What is it, Rebecca? No, no. It's more important than that. This newspaper was sent to me. It's the Baltimore American. Let me read it to thee. Several weeks ago, the first locomotive was run- The first what? Locomotive. It's called the Sturbridge Lion. It's a steam engine made to run on wheels, and it tows several wagons of goods. But listen. A locomotive was run at Honesdale, Pennsylvania. Rebecca, I thought thee had news. It was important. I thought it had something to do with this trouble with Shadrack Grimes. It has everything to do with it. I'm going to see him. Why? I'm going to tell him the locomotive is coming. It's coming to take him and all of us far beyond this valley, out into the whole country, the whole world.  I thought you'd give up. I want thee to do the same. There you are. And why should I? Because a new day is breaking, Shadrack. And where does it find thee and me? Squabbling over water rights while the rest of the world enters the age of steam. Here, read this dispatch. What is that? It's about the first locomotive in America. Shadrack, this is a new day. A day of transportation better than our pack-horse trains and canal boats. A day when our vision can range beyond the walls of this valley and we can join our work with that of all the people in this land. That's what thee and I must do now, Shadrack. That's our duty. Mrs. Lukens, you talk fine, and I like to hear it. But I don't trust a word of it. Shadrack, what does he mean? I was born a poor man, but I've worked hard so my children could have an education and talk about their dreams like you do. But I ain't going to let your fancy words talk me out of my dreams. Shadrack, let us hope our children can work as hard as we have. But they will need vision, and first we must have vision for them. Shadrack, there's a nation that needs our work as this valley has needed it in the past. Are we going to stay as small as this valley or are we going to grow big enough for the future of our children? Mrs.  Tustlin with a woman in a courtroom is better work than that for a man. There's better work than that for a man or a woman, especially if they're good iron masters like us. Oh, I don't know whether you're saying this for your benefit or mine or all of us, but well, now I'll tell you something. What, Shadrack? I'm not so slow. I was at Honesdale and I saw that locomotive run. No, Dizzy, tell me about it, please. Well, I can tell you they got planned. They want to build more and they need place. There's an order there, Mrs. Lukens, but it's too big for me alone. It needs all of us. Then all of us must work together, Shadrack. Don't worry, wait. Think what you're doing, Mrs. Lukens. We don't know whether this is going to be a success or not. We might lose. Shadrack, we can't lose. I believed in this when it was still my husband's dream and thee and I must believe in it now. For this is not the end of the dream. This is the beginning of a thousand dreams for thy children and mine. All right, Mrs. Lukens. You're as good a businessman as I am and none of you believe in it. I will, too. Good. Now, Shadrack, let's make the most beautiful boilerplate that's ever been seen. Beautiful? Yes, beautiful.  Thank you, Miss Hayes. I'm sure Cavalty's radio audience joins us here at the Longacre Theatre in applauding you and the rest of tonight's cast. Helen Hayes will return in a few moments. But first, here's Bill Hamilton of the DuPont Company. To raise bumper crops, the farmer must beat the weeds or the weeds may beat him. Here, chemical science can be of great help to him. Chemistry has developed a weed-killing compound known as 2,4-D. 2,4-D and DDT are two of the most important chemical aids to agriculture of the past 50 years. DuPont 2,4-D weed killers are now used in almost every section of the country. They offer a broad-scale, economical, comparatively easy way to control weeds against which, until now, there has been no really satisfactory control. In some cases, yields have actually been doubled. DuPont 2,4-D weed killers sprayed from airplanes have given barley growers in California good control of mustard, wild radish and not weed. In North Dakota, weed growers have cleaned out mustard and annual weeds which were choking their fields. In the south, there were weedy fields which gave only five barrels of rice to the acre. Now, they yield 17 barrels after treatment with DuPont 2,4-D weed killers. Think of that, more than three times as much. This same 2,4-D, which is getting such marvelous results for farmers, is also available in a special compound for your own lawn. It can be bought as DuPont Lawn Weed Killer. Weeds wither away and disappear, roots and all, without any harm being done to the grass. With 2,4-D products, it is the formula that counts. The DuPont company, with years of experience in formulating a wide variety of chemical products, has developed 2,4-D compounds that work successfully under all conditions where 2,4-D is recommended. DuPont 2,4-D weed killers helping the American farmer to produce crops that are all-time records, helping you to rid your lawn of weed, are among the DuPont company's better things for better living through chemistry. And now, our star, Helen Hayes. Ladies and gentlemen, tonight, just while this broadcast has been going on, 10 Americans have died of cancer. The time has come to do something about it. There's certainly no question about the generosity of the American people when it comes to helping those in trouble. So each and every one of us must give our support to the American Cancer Society's 3-fold program of education, service and research. Let's give, give generously to the American Cancer Society's drive for funds. Thank you. Next Monday night, the Freedom Train will be in Wenatchee, Washington. There, Americans, as thousands before them, will board it to view the precious documents of our liberty. On our broadcast next Monday night, Cavalcade will be especially pleased to present an original radio play, The Man Who Took the Freedom Train, a delightful story about two young Americans and a visit of the Freedom Train in their hometown. Our stars will be Eddie Albert and Shirley Booth. We invite you to listen. Tonight's DuPont Cavalcade, Woman of Steel, was adapted by Philip Lewis from an original story by Lucy Kennedy. The music was composed by Arden Cornwell and conducted by Donald Bryant. Featured in tonight's Cavalcade with Helen Hayes for Cameron Prudhomme as Solomon, Everett Sloan as Enos and Ted D'Corsia as Shadrack. This is Ted Pearson inviting you to listen next week to The Man Who Took the Freedom Train, starring Eddie Albert and Shirley Booth. Cavalcade of America is presented each week from the stage of the Longacre Theatre on Broadway in New York and is brought to you by the DuPont Company of Wilmington, Delaware. NBC, the national broadcasting company.


I believe contrast is one of the best concepts that you can start incorporating with your outfits. It's a little tiny thing that I think about a lot whenever I come up with fits. Sounds very technical but it's not that serious and here's why you should consider it next time you put a fit together. So what is the definition of contrast? Well Google says, the state of being strikingly different from something else in juxtaposition or close association. Basically a comparison between two things. White and black, Chinese food and American streetwear and menswear.  Now when it comes to fashion, this is especially important because this is where you get to add your own uniqueness to any of your fits. Yeah I enjoy an all fitted look, I enjoy a more relaxed fitting approach as well. Those looks, they do look great but you can also take it too far and then you'll look a little bit off. What I always recommend when starting off is an oversized shirt and skinny or slim pants. It always works and is a lot more different than Mr. Sausage Man over here. I'm sure a lot of you guys have been doing this. It's been something that's been done for a while now but what I don't see enough of is a more slim fitted top with more relaxed fitting pants. Seems like a lot of people stray away from this and I get it. It can be a little bit awkward but trust me guys if you do this right it can actually look really good and it'll actually make you stand out because not that many people do it. I always like a fitted shirt or an athletic tank with my ACG deploy cargos. A good spring summer tech fit for sure that looks good especially if you do lift which is what I would encourage you guys to do if you guys do go down that fitted top with more relaxed fitting pants route. I do have a home workout video if you guys are interested in that. It's what I do if I don't have a gym. Perfect for the situation we're in right now and another thing you can start incorporating are jackets. Oversized jackets can be a bit overwhelming. I understand that but you'll develop the courage over time. Just start off cheap. When starting off I do recommend starting off with an oversized coat, a denim jacket or a bomber. These pieces will dramatically change your silhouette but just be aware that it's going to change the professionality of your fit. So it's probably not going to work in the professional realm so I don't recommend doing that. Now let's translate that to different fashion styles. Take this mandarin color button up for example. Normally you would associate with some sort of smart hipster sophisticated type of look right? That's what I would usually think about and those fits look great as well. We're bringing two different types of motifs together like a fusion restaurant makes your fit all the more creative and distinctive. I really enjoy styling this button up in a more technical look. Think of smart tech. The last item you'd expect to go well with the button up is these mountain fly Gore-Tex kicks but in my opinion the fit is pretty solid. Yeah I could have just gone the crop trousers glasses and a ton of jewelry route with this look and that would look great. But I want you to think of it like shun latang aka hot and sour soup. You get a ton of contrasting flavors. Spicy, sour, savory and that's what makes it so addicting. If the soup was all spice or all sour then it wouldn't be very interesting and you probably wouldn't be ordering it every time you go to a Chinese restaurant. So the next time you put together a fit consider putting two different garments in juxtaposition with one another and just see if it works. It doesn't hurt to try and you might come up with something dope. Now let's talk about the contrast in color or lack thereof for this. Black and white, yin and yang. Y'all see that new Toyota Camry with the contrasting rooftop? That is a dope car not going to lie and it's a Camry. This is something Toyota has been doing for the past few years. Mad respect for the CEO because he doesn't want to make boring cars anymore. And to me this two tier contrast is what makes the Toyota Camry visually interesting and you can do the same with your fits. Sure I love all black.  Now if you're going to do this you got to be careful. White and black is the definition of complete opposites so it can be really harsh if you take it too far. So as a tip I recommend having a good ratio of black and white. I'm not really about all white fits. I don't own any white pants whatsoever so I always just tend to wear a white shirt or a white top and I always try to compensate for that harsh contrast by just wearing more black. Check this summer fit I wore last year. I've got on a white oversized top. Takes up most of the real estate on my body because I was wearing shorts. Black shorts by the way. So to compensate I wore black crew socks and black dad hats and the sneakers were also white but they did have a little bit of black contrasting details and I felt that it worked. Don't get me wrong you don't need to do this. This is just what I personally do because I don't like wearing all white but you do whatever you want. So since I'm filming this in winter I tend to wear all black except the white shirts or white sneakers and that's always a go-to look. With this type of contrast and colors you can focus on just the silhouettes and letting those speak for themselves. Another thing you can do is play off your materials and fabrics. Instead of a cotton top maybe try on a corduroy or a knitted top. You can get a distinct contrast in patterns or fabric texture that just overall makes your fits have some more depth. I like to think of this like a bowl of pho and all right I get it some people don't like bean sprouts or basil or any of that but to me that's what makes a bowl of pho a bowl of pho otherwise it's just noodles and beef in a broth. There's not very much texture variation but throwing in the lime will contrast against the fatty broth and the veggies add a textural crunch whenever you take a bite and if you don't like pho sorry I don't think I can trust you. But anyways think of those toppings like jewelry, accessories, different fabrics or materials like nylon, denim, sherpa, metal, glass etc. I think you guys get the point on what I'm trying to articulate. If I'm wearing a black top and black bottoms I always choose to add a keychain or a nylon belt to help break up the silhouettes because that little bit of textural detail is all that's needed. I also enjoy just wearing a corduroy hoodie underneath a jacket instead of a normal french terry one. I'm not going to do it every time but it's a great way to modify your normal fits. But jewelry is the name of the game a watch typically is made out of stainless steel and sapphire glass and it's another way to add some visual flair to your outfit. I just picked up this cassio g-shock square watch which has a silicone strap and stainless steel and glass looks pretty dope. So just find an accessory that you gravitate towards for me it's always a necklace, a watch and all that but believe it or not guys you guys have been doing this and I applaud you. Jordan's they are basketball sneakers but does that mean I can't wear it off the courts? Of course not. Same with skate sneakers can I only wear them in a skate fit? Of course not. Contrast is what gives people a better appreciation for said item or anything. For example whenever I first hit up New York City and I know I talked about this in another video but I am from Albuquerque New Mexico breaking bad territory. You're goddamn right. It's a more suburban small city life and with New York I had never experienced people going to the park just to hang out and people watch normally it was just to play ball or to walk my dog nor did I experience businesses opened up past nine o'clock but also I had never experienced a musty humid loud hey I'm walking over here type of energy which was overwhelming for me at first and I got used to it but it gave me a new appreciation for the New Mexican dry heat a little bit of peace and quiet and green chili and this is gonna happen to you too. Try rocking a sneaker or jewelry you wouldn't normally do. Try out a different aesthetic that you normally wouldn't this is kind of like the first point but with a different analogy. I've always seen people just hate on an aesthetic when they've never really tried it out which is my whole point about contrast when you try something new it's a direct contrast to what you're used to and then you'll build a new appreciation for it even if you don't like it. So I hope you guys get what I'm trying to say there this is why you need contrast with your outfits. Think about how you can contrast your fits next time you hit up the wardrobe and also think about checking out Rolls Golden Black who I will now take a moment to thank for sponsoring this video. So Rolls Golden Black is the best place to start off. I always recommend it if you are new to jewelry because no matter your preference they always have something that you'll probably like. They have beaded bracelets rings watches all the way to sterling silver Cuban chains. Personally I dig all their minimal designs like this minimal bar necklace right here. I also have their sterling silver Odyssey necklace which is pretty dope. It's simple sleek and clean design is what makes it so versatile. I can rock it with pretty much any fits and it'll always complement it. This minimal bar necklace is one of my favorites I wear all the time. They have a ton of different colors as well for your preference like this one's a gunmetal black. They have an all black one as silver and a Rolls Gold one obviously. So definitely check out the link in the description it's going to take you guys to my special landing page where a ton of items are going to be heavily discounted. They are currently still doing their holiday sales so everything's going to be 25% off and if you enter the code VIVE15 you're going to get an additional 15% off. So go ahead and treat yourself. I always recommend their minimal bar necklaces but most of their stuff is pretty minimal anyways. Thank you guys for always supporting the sponsors and thank you Rolls Gold and Black for sponsoring today's video. So I hope you guys found this video insightful. Give this video a thumbs up. Follow me on Instagram at flywithjohnytie and subscribe.


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Yeah, nice color match to photon rated rookie there Short printed probably about one a case. I've seen cases with two though Brandon Boston bones Highlands lime green Gary Trent raptors numbered 120 of 149 Yeah, man, we're getting ready for for the weekend Jalen green rated rookie Scotty Barnes the rookies Orange Keita rated rookie 37 149 Kings Hollow rated rookie Isaiah Todd wizards operant shingoon and lead dominators Edwards 75 years Jamal Murray The amount of Latin dudes you'll see in pro baseball with lead dominators hollow LeBron James Jason kids 75 years It's like your Williams nice blue Cameron Thomas Nets 55 of 59 on the rated rookie That looks good Kessler Edwards hollow Duncan Robinson heat James book night Hornets rated rookie auto hollow pulling a ton of book Clean auto there good-looking card this one. He looks I mean It's a JB, but it's very nice. Yeah, it's not like great calligraphy some people Duarte rated rookie hollow Kimball Walker Knicks. What's up spider? I mean, we are having a good day. You're at a great day Kispert rated rookie pink velocity Grizzly's Dylan Brooks 56 of 79 Hollow Hornets Gordon Hayward I Hello stargazing down of a Mitchell jazz 75 years Jamal Murray Orange Gary Trent Raptors 87 of 199. Oh, they are mallet on thunder. It's past the rockets It was my group I rated rookie base auto hollow spurs the Lonnie Walker the fourth I Jones Steph Curry elite dominators Is it a tie lighted up look at dodge it? Hollow miles British Hornets Corey Kisper hollow magic and bird. It's a cool one That'd be cool to have a gold parallel for Ruba. Hello Julius Randall Knicks Tell you man. It's like the only guy that pulls back. This is a league of retail right there Sorry Williams red Michael Porto Jr. Nuggets number 96 of 99 I got a couple of my They look good 149 lime green rated rookie for the Rockets Josh Christopher. I do like seeing the dolphins Be somewhat successful being a Florida team, you know, just to art a rated rookie hollow rated rookie Kade Cunningham. Nice You go Detroit clean looking Kade. Yeah 75 years Kade Cunningham People was like, why is that go for more? Yeah, it's because maybe some people don't like a non-numbered like purple or something Hollows hollow making effort for as long as they've been making chrome cards The hollow Tatum's are like The man is so high for hollows of like big temp layers. They were a lot more shorter prints it back then too 1718 the older prism like rated rookie hollow bones Highland for the Nuggets there are a lot less rookies prism. I know football like for instance like Like 2016 you see like a Dak rookie the base rookies were silver back then and they're really like toolbox Stargazing hollow look at Donchich Mavericks. That's why they're huge. You like turtles Dean.  I didn't say you rolled. I said that video is older We got Charles Bassie and a Scotty Barnes 13 a 99 rookie optographs His rated rookie on-card as a redemption nice hit for the Raptors either way a Scotty auto Optographs again 13 of 99 get that Magnum course LeBron and Zion Exactly that video has got to be like 10 15 years old. That was like Tosh point. Oh, yeah Tosh point. Oh, yeah internet Chris Duarte rated rookie with a hollow Ricky Rubio for the Cavs 75 years Julius Randall for a kiss for hollow dominators Damian Lillard Let me use healthy should hollow Desmond Bain Grizzlies Yeah Kevin Durant nominators Chris Middleton Sorry, Williams rated rookie an orange for the T Wolves Joshua Kogi 150 of one 99 the Charlie bit my finger. Yeah, that was a long time That's an even older, but that's like the first viral video hollow rated Ricky Jared Butler jazz definitely one of the first Those kids got to be like Graduated college right now and everything Jalen green rated rookie for the Rockets sure The lead dominators blue Steph Curry nice. That's three of 49 at the color match First time I saw that I was oh my gosh But I saw that when I was in like middle school Are you are being serious right now Dean? Definitely just like lime green magic Jonathan Isaac 20 of 149. Oh p. J. Washington jr. Hornets Pretty Ricky cam Thomas got a Matt Barnes Cliffers auto 61 of 99 they need a they need a cart of him with the ball in Kobe space Magic legend Matt Barnes also rest in peace Kobe They talk about whether or not he actually did it in space a lot, you know Because like some video shows that it didn't look like he actually did it like it was like to the side 75 years Kauai Leonard, but he says it was a hundred percent in space. I think it was They were that there there were some heat back in those years between those people the Andre Hunter 41 and 99 Hawks read Okay, I figured you were joking when I was like And I could be sure that be sad. I don't want to laugh at it. Hello. You honest for the Bucks Is he gone? Oh, we got gold coming up That is gold, right? Yeah, I'm not playing tricks on my eyes Gold non rookie blue Mavericks, maybe RJ Barrett, that's nice. There you go. Nick's second year 30 year there. Yeah, two out of ten. Damn Nice one nice on the up on up right now. We'll get that nagged for you next. That's pretty Twitch streamer. What's he gonna stream? Duarte, there's some issues with that card Hello, Jimmy Butler elite dominators He hollow James book Knight rated rookie for the Hornets Loved doing the two initials It's getting more common Baseball, I feel like you never see that. No, not really Yeah, Jackson orange Gary Trent, Jr. Raptors 24 of one ninety nine. He bit me gaming Oliver rated rookie Blazers, Greg bound the third. I slide it up blue Celtics Jason Tatum five of 49. Oh nice blue Love the color on these. I want to see a goal on this. Yeah Like that color like that exact card with gold.  I mean you got to make money off Dude, those those lighted up hollow Zach Levine bulls Why did that step carry See where we're at on I'm gonna check Flawless here in a set guys got 75 years shy Gilders Alexander Scotty Barnes rated rookie Warriors red Steph Curry nice numbered Steph numbered 74 of 99 Lime green Nick's Quentin Grimes 121 of 149 hollow Andrew Wiggins Warriors That's Jalen Johnson Chris Levert 7 of 99 on the optographs for the Pacers raining threes was Clay Thompson Five to go on flawless tiered guys. That's coming up in just a bit Josh skiddy base rated rookie hollow T Mac and Carter. That's a cool one Like do I go home and watch all the rated rookie Rockets offering you Long night, man. I know hollow Jamal Murray Nuggets That is true, I never really it's hard for us to think about Take it for granted I guess Bronze Wagner rated rookie magic and bird again Kaminga base for the dubs Brown orange JT Thor rated rookie for the Hornets 53 of 199 Yeah, high-risk high rewards. I for sure hollow rated rookie pistons. Look at Garza 75 years Alonzo morning every break like that is a big boy break Kate Cunningham rated rookie Why did the exact Levine? Hollow Van Vleet for the Raptors hollow raining threes Steph Curry Warriors Book Knight rated rookie. There's a Kauai blue elite dominators color match for four of 49 Clippers they're just hurt last year. They were decent last year. They'll sue me rated rookie. They're gonna be good this year though You gotta remind me next time you come up here, I got a tatum card to give you Nothing crazy, but Scotty Barnes rated rookie Raptors Nice or Herbert Jones black velocity pelicans rated rookie 16 of 39 pelicans Second tier hit Mainly because Yes, only in optic basketball. Oh really pink velocity rated rookie Corey Kisper wizards 70 of 79 And pretty sure pink and black velocity are only optic basketball kind of like black Pandora is only an optic. Yeah, I Think that's why I love those parallels. Yeah black Pandora. You're right hollow Derek white spurs. You like it because it's such It's sick, and you only see it here and there to attend gold Josh Howard retro series auto Mavericks Nice goal. He had a few really good years Josh Howard He's got a Louis 75 years Ray Allen This kid is still streaming Josh get he rated rookie what was the biggest poll raining threes hollow Ray Allen sonics go to the Thunder Hollow Gary Tran jr. Raptors. Did you bind to the break? Hello, should I get those Alexander Thunder? Yeah, that's what I was thinking I was like I want other people to be able to get in on this Hollow Clint Capella Hawks, that's how I looked at I was like man. I want a spot, but I Also would prefer a customer to enjoy that James book that rated rookie Do that more often? chicken Bronze Wagner rated rookie photon second one of the case, right? Yep But what's on non rookie again calves colors? Maybe heat bam out of bio nice one That's a real color match. Yeah, he's BAM Great players doesn't get enough hobby love the big guys don't 75 years D Wade Stuff It's too good man rated rookie coming red for the Lakers Anthony Davis 49 of 99 Hollow magic and bird yeah 75 years Tatum for the Celtics Lighted up LeBron Yeah, yeah, mon exactly that BAM block on Tatum Orange Okokie T Wolves number 117 of 199 Bonson Montreal, Canadian spam Red Rookie Cade Coney and he likes the Boston teams except for and then he likes the Montreal game It's weird man. Holla rated Rookie Kaminga. There you go. Dubs. Yeah socks, Pats and C's And then Montreal I don't even know the reasoning. I'm sure I've heard it before but No, man, he's wow your Montreal fan hate the bruins Nice Kai Jones pink velocity rated Rookie for the Hornets 15 of 79. There's the demarja Rosen Give us the error Although yeah, all of his base are like that like that non colored photon even though wait They should just change photon to that because that's Yeah, I'm feeling that came out and they were like, oh wait, this is fire It's cool, right? Amy s. Kate's King's rated Rookie auto hollow King's Blue Thunder against Dort 51 to 59 with the color match hollow rated Rookie Nick's miles with bride I mean, is it 18 or 24? I think it's 24, right? 20 packs It certainly is Duarte rated Rookie Pacers 75 years Jalen Johnson Trey Murphy hollow the rookies Jalen Suggs Orlando Nice Suggs Hollow valentunas pelicans. I bet it does Vaughn.  I guess that rivalry ones like like farther back Moses moody 75 years Like that's an old. That's like an old-school rivalry that orange re-hatching more of wizards 54 of 199 like I was thinking the Lightning have been so good, you know, that's how I feel I'm like Maple Leafs Bruins lightning ruins Hollow deer and Fox King's even like the capitals like the penguins a little bit But you're at my dad definitely it would have been like Canadians, you know They won so much in like the 50s 60s and 70s like the Yankees of the NHL We're gonna go through some rough times now though. Hollow bulls act Levine Brooklyn Nets light it up Kevin Durant hollow 75 years Barkley I Hello D'Angelo Russell T Wolves Yeah, they've only seen show them playoffs maybe a couple times in the past, you know decade or so bones Highlander rated rookie nuggets yachts and Kings That kind of rivalry Evan Mobley base rated rookie for the Cavs and a hollow great round the third Blazers Hollow stargazing Lillard for the Blazers 75 years Kawhi Leonard orange for the Clips Eric Bledsoe numbered 188 of 199 Kings buddy healed Magic rated rookie auto hollow Jalen Suggs Sick hit magic Congrats magic will get that mag for you big Suggs hollow rated rookie auto Grats on that one Not I'm green Rockets 11 of 49 KPJ Yeah, we have a roommate on the team. That's a hollow PJ Washington jr. Hornets still that's awesome. Yeah Franz Wagner rated rookie magic 75 years Pete Marovitch and now that we're Minga Hollow Dirk and Wade and then you're employed by those franchises. Yeah, hollow LeBron James Lakers Great ground Tatum and Tatum and Paul George book night base That is true Arizona LA is definitely a rivalry nice cold 28 and 99 red for the magic Oh nice yeah, first I was like I'm not a big fan of the photo because you can't see his face Hollow dominators John Moran Grizzlies Pacers lime green TJ Warren 115 of 149 Yeah, LA be beaten up on the zone of teams though. Hollow scary Terry Hornets Green rated rookie Clippers Keon Johnson rookie dominators out of 15 to 49. I say Clippers Yeah, Cardinals Rams is a decent is getting there for sure as a rivalry E-backs Dodgers holleroo hatching more wizards. That one's kind of one-sided Lakers Suns is pretty good. Mmm. These days Kispert Yeah, both teams. I don't know Although the Suns I guess as long as you have like Devin Booker. Yeah, you can kind of build around him Oh Hollow rated rookie Scotty Lewis Hornets and then that the eight in situation. I don't know what's going on there I know he signed, but I I don't know These are good basketball player though Jalen sucks rated rookie magic hollow stargazing Anthony Davis Lakers They clinched at the visual like oh two or three weeks left Moses me rated rookie warriors hollow Mitchell Robinson nicks. They're like 20 games up on the Padreser in second place It's kind of it's kind of silly See what they do in the postseason though a team like that. That's all that matters Yankees Astros Dodgers Mets Braves all that matters in the postseason D-backs for the past Bones Highlander rated rookie. They'll get there again eventually Orange Hal Horford Celtics. They always have quick turnaround. They're so young 30 to a 199 There he is Their farm system is the best it's ever been right now Yeah, and then all those you know when Kowsky and Crawford and Siebold all of our pitchers are like first year right lose section six or 59 for the calves and pitching is one of the things where you just need like exposure and Time and shenanigans hollow John Wall Rockets Just so next time you go out there, you've already experienced what you're about to experience Orban Carroll is gonna be great. Orban Carroll Alec Thomas got 75 years kid cutting him Honestly, the D-backs bats in their system are insane Drew Jones He gets healthy. He'll be playing next next spring. I think I can't dislike the Dodgers because of Mookie though. I would I used to but then Mookie went there and I'm like Well, I can't outright hate them He's way too like a wool of a person I'm out of I was 75 years for the heat Worst trade I've ever seen in my lifetime Got an orange Seth Curry for the for the Sixers when it one oh six of 199 I'll like the Arizona teams more as teams, but yeah Frans Wagner rated rookie magic. Hello poor zingus Mavericks That's all of our show solid They have they're they're better than people realize got comminger rated rookie for the Warriors What do you think about the new rule changes why did I hollow KD for the Nets the pitch-cock I don't like I'm sure you don't like it. It's tough. It's tough. So our league was the league that games book night and hollow Grizzlies Steven Adams 14 seconds It is hardy used to and it's very fast, but man It makes the games go by I think it'll be a better viewing experience, but overall like I'm not the biggest fan It's what is it? It's 14 14 seconds in between Frans Wagner magic 75 years of the NBA When you catch them when you catch the ball you got 14 seconds to make the next pitch or it's a ball Cunningham ready to piss like eight seconds or it's a strike miles Turner pink velocity Pacers numbered 52 is 79 And you can only step off from the rubber two times If you step off a third time it's a balk really Or your step curry And then shift ending is interesting to that's the only thing I didn't read the rookies Jalen Suggs magic 48 of 99 for me baseball the game where you statistically played to the best The best defensive position do Joey Gallo is gonna be like the best hitter now. I haven't only rated 75 years kid cutting in business all because he doesn't know how to hit the other way He's gonna hit the ball in the same spot again except now nobody's gonna be allowed to play there Hello Jared Allen calves And more runs higher eras yeah, it'll be more runs for sure at the end of the world I I'm not a big fan the bigger bases is good. Yeah, I'm a gritty and Carter That'll avoid like injuries and stuff. It's just you'll have more hits less collisions Man Machado not stepping on nobody's ankle this time got red van bleep for the Raptors eight of 99 whoever said that Yeah, that's where we're trending towards right consistency hollow key on Johnson rated rookie Clippers It's just way too easy when you people are looking on a screen and they see the strike zone and a ball goes out of the strike zone He calls it a strike Joshua primo optographs rookie auto 87 and 99 spurs Where the strike zone is you might as well just make that what's being determined because everyone else is watching it the only person who's not showing the strike zone is the pitcher who You know, they're putting it in there, you know, you're they want to know if it's gonna be the right way All over a person size a livers My Robinson Earl T Mac and Carter for 75 years Moses moody warriors You're gonna be around later you some NT Got red Duncan Robinson with a crease on it down here for the heat Get empty box wrapper out to you heat 71 and 99 Color matching there's a ding on it Hello Garland for the calves And the worst they've ever been this year Just in terms of like trying to make it about themselves feels like it's a lot of your hollow Steph Curry elite nominators warriors Yeah, I'm sad no idea where the top of the strikes in this Jonathan Kaminga lighted up KD. They think it's they think it's a lot lower than it is Especially on off-speed orange Jayden Springer sixers rated rookie 18 of 199 I Hello, Draguage Raptors. I don't know what's on my name either. I knew Joe West. Yeah, that was tough I respected Joe West just cuz I mean he was there for so many big moments train man rated rookie Otto for the thunder and the rookies Jalen Suggs Yeah Was cowboy Joe West? Yeah 75 years Charles Barkley He was over like a different era Quentin Grimes pink velocity nicks three of 79 a lot of pink velocity in this case Maybe there's only a few but not a ton of color in it though. Kate Cunningham pistons rated rookie hollow Michael Porto Junior Nuggets. Yeah, last year is not great. Not great The sooner rated rookie with a hollow lighted up Luka Donchich Dama Kai Jones hollow rated rookie Hornets Jalen Johnson 75 years with a ding on it's Jalen Johnson Hawks You think fanatics is gonna get right? I feel like tops is a lot better. We got black velocity not finish here.  What a way to end it. Let's do a recap Well, I rip them upside down, right? Yeah, I always put my pack space down. It's just how I pick them up All right thunder based on our train man off to grab spurs Josh Primo 1099 Dominators Keon Johnson clippers to 49. This is just a I think the base to Rosen. Yeah, this looks cool I think there's an error Hollow anemia skates a rated rookie auto Kings gold retro series auto Mavericks Josh Howard to attend Chris Levert Pacers auto 799 optographs Clippers Matt Barnes 61 and 99 hollow rated rookie auto James Book Knight Hornets in a Keon Johnson clippers Got rated rookie auto hollow Magic Jalen Suggs Gold RJ Barrett nicks that one's two of ten as well optograph Scotty Barnes Raptors 13 of 99 and black velocity Evan Mobley Disgusting man. What a way to end the baseball break or sorry basketball breaks tonight. We got football up next