Everybody forced here rip in 22 23 Chronicles basketball hobby six box half case number nine picker team style Adam E Sixers Anthony D Grizzlies Bradley R Maverick's thunder and spurs Brian R Warriors Chris F. Pistons Collin T Pelicans Edward P. Wolves Ezekiel with the nets and Clippers Francis H. Bucks H Lynn Pacers James L. Heat James F. Lakers James and same James F. has the bowls Jared I with the magic Joseph R with the Knicks Ken S. Kings Mark D. Hornets Raptors Matthew X. Rockets Matthew A. Cavs Patrick G. Nuggets Rory C. Hawks Tyler W. Blazers Jazz Vaughn with the Celtics and Sons Waming with the Wizards good luck everybody good good luck we are sold out for the day as well yeah get your spots for tonight everybody yeah Nick's full case for 32 that's good that's an incredible deal for Nick's yeah Kennedy Chandler rookie out of 99 for the Grizzlies Thomas Treasures Silver rookie Hoops AJ Griffin Hawks followed by Purple Lebron Markey Lakers 33 of 49 great color match Ty Ty Washington 299 Ty Ty Washington rookie prestige for the Rockets Jalen Williams Thunder rookie got Orange Giannis for the Bucks and the Hoops to 75 John Morant Malachi Brannum Luminance rookie to 149 is Davis Davis for the Wizards Orlando Robinson Heat Prism base rookie shade on sharp score updates Bars Smith jr and Chet Holmgren Godday Phoenix Chet Holmgren to 99 pistons Jalen Derren rookie auto there you go pistons Jazz Walker Kessler rookie number 2249 Thomas Treasures there got Bochamp Jovic come on need a big card here come on Paolo 101 now Jay Collage also called Kessler 101 to 149 Coloco Raptors the absolute Sohan Dining on base Jake LaRavia cornerstones quad patch to 25 rookie auto that's a great hit for the Grizzlies congrats to Memphis that might be the prime patches there two colors on all that's that's great all right good way to end that first box there got Mathurin and Johnny Davis Christian Coloco timeless treasures to 49 rookie for the Raptors Tarry Eason now we've got Dynagon rookie silver Jaden Ivy for the pistons oh there you go purple with Marquis Bucks he honest to 49 to 99 Keegan Murray Kings rookie the absolute J Dubb Phoenix Donovan Mitchell you've got a Keegan and a John Marant pistons Jalen Derren on their rookie Thomas Treasures to 149 Paolo Ben Carrow a Agbaji and Shade on Sharp you ever hear about the hole like they know that we're talking about John Marantz when he shot that kid at uh or when he punched that kid at at his own house they're saying that now one of his boys is taking the taking the taking pretty much taking the taking the charge they're saying one of his boys is taking the charge from on it interesting and that's why I guess one of the other players on Memphis got suspended for the whole year they were playing on the Memphis that got suspended for a whole year but nobody knows about what the hell what's going on now 75 Magic Caleb Houston pinnacle rookie sohan on the score update purple Kyrie for Dallas number 249 it's a 25 pinnacle Walker Kessler at sick love the lava look on these jazz Walker Kessler pinnacle to 25 on the rookie card next is a jake laravia hometown heroes rookie auto to 149 grizzlies having a really good break jade dub XR there jade hardy mavericks rookie auto out of 149 it's one there dallas hometown heroes good couple of boxes so far gotta keep it rolling though the oil's got seven already nickel the yoke it's timeless treasures 249 nuggets edwards silver Kyrie for dallas on the score god nice red XR is jail endure into 149 pistons every time we're basketball I just want basketball to start back up again Asia Griffin rookie purple to 49 for the Hawks Keegan Murray Levine Chet XR sparse bit jr 75 Rockets on the absolute got Chet Holmgren score updates Mack MacLung orange prism rookie 76ers to 75 that's dunk contest champion right there I'm not sure diana gunge barry spit jr rookie for the Rockets Clyde the Glide legacy auto going to the Blazers on this one that's how I feel about I don't know why I got obviously love football but like the Patriots don't excite me tarry easton rocket it's rookie gold standard out of 99 these are the magic we have like growth to be had like there's more excitement even though like they're you know probably your worst tea I don't know caliban caro kind of along those lines just hopes really when we definitely plays a big part that helps a ton levine to 149 for the bulls everybody wants to see one Tony Allen to 25 Celtics auto name Tony Allen Vaughn did you get the Celtics yeah you did there you go Vaughn I know you'll enjoy that Tony Allen auto out of 25 I'm I'm very excited to watch Wenby and Chet rookie years exact same time that's that's I feel like this could be a super super special rookie season Tony Allen one of the best perimeter defenders ever honestly ever that he really did yeah camera try he was a dog I had that dog in him johnny davis hometown heroes rookie auto to 149 the wizards how much do those rookie autos go for I mean it depends on the player but you can look up uh comp prices on ebay if you need to from like previous years john moran to 49 grizzlies they're not like super chased after but rookie autos are the right guys will always sell jaylen williams don't have a Mitchell the hometown heroes isn't the biggest chase in this so Chronicles is always tough in that way Mitchell the 149 Cavaliers followed by sohan spurs purple josh heart nicks prism 49 the packs while the six-pack box is what 280 275 for the for the box two autos um for box on average with some numbered cards as well john moran 249 plates and patches grizzlies palo band caro dynegon red ivy dynegon rookie out of 149 numbered 118 of 149 distance color match two I think so too fun the only thing I would give honestly honestly the only thing I would see chet not winning it is because the thunder are very good so he won't have the opportunity to like carry them whereas like when we could just totally go nuclear and like I have no competition yeah 2049 bucks honest like there's that potential but like here we go again Horace Grant auto for the magic here we go again it was like yeah when be they have room there for like a person to do everything so like the counting stats can be pretty wild for women yama chet holmgren I mean chronicles isn't like necessarily something you would really invest in I mean it's cards you kind of just want to buy singles that you like and collect what you like really to 149 it was my jane plates and patches thunder but box prices can help you determine honestly like what the market how it is like you're looking to invest you're not kind of have to you know risk it a bit like prison boxes and stuff like that silver kairi for the mavericks but any box you open you hit the right thing you can you can you know sell that for more than what the box costs you hit the right thing orange kairi for the mavericks out of 75 there's really no like there's no like really good advice that I could honestly give it's just you have to know what you're doing like at all times essentially like that's probably the best advice I could give because you could have boxes and hit something in I feel like it's more like doing the research and actually kind of knowing the product and actually trying to familiarize yourself with it and then be like oh it's just a product for me for 275 is total this this is awesome because two autos numbered cards different different things you can't beat that yeah but you know lake westley on the cornerstones rookie quad jersey auto to 99 there you go spurs it's less risky than ripping a box of prism hobby but the upside may not be there as well it's a very very high end upside so it's very yeah have a go on a big five it's not an easy question to answer I'm sorry it's tough 249 rockets Terry eason Keegan Murray nice palo score blue eight of 99 pull one of these in the first break of the day that thing is sick that is just absolute fire congrats magic yeah that's the thing with chat is he's going to be on a very good team and he's he's he can always be really really good at defense like yeah because they already have a lot of other guys on the court that I say a mobly titanium to 49 for the calves yeah I I just see it as like a counting stats help a lot as a rookie jaylin williams purple luke for the mavericks out of 49 it also does help though that okc is going to be a pretty darn good team next year and if he's averaging like you know 20 and 10 with blocks and like he looks good optically and they're just winning games that could help a lot but the public perception of him versus when he's a lot different because like oh Chet's a rookie what it's gonna have it's gonna have that whole thing so I think you better odds that people think but still it's 99 Jaylin during pistons score signatures Corey kispert eight of 10 goal wizards I think uh jet Howard has a better chance than people realize you got rookie 249 davis wizards shade on sharp that is a jaden ivy rookie silver phoenix pistons xr red to 149 kessler jazz palo orange to 75 nice luminance updates there's luminance period there we go magic happy for i think it was the same person all day had him a jay griffin it was joe moving in there wrong it's a jay name i know that jared jared so he's just saying joe sorry jay i'm just saying joe because we have enough works here also more common but but here's my brother's name gold standard keegan married to 99 kings very nice for the kings great card there orange chet on the hoops i like that a lot secondary color match eight of 75 awesome chat yeah i hear that vaughn yeah there's a like the rookie class can be pretty pretty pretty nuts this year it could be like 0304 all over again 2049 mark and in jazz as far as my junior what is this a bottom of right here jack sigma auto to 49 for the sonics going out to the thunder you should see some of the otters are pulled today pull me a mugsie bow is in this break or not this number nine tony allen watch number two oh look back on me where you at though palo base do we pulled two hoarse grand or land of magic otters that's sick to 25 walker castler jazz davis jailen durin yabate matherin see two 49 brandom spurs plates and patches paul george silver hoops for the clippers oran jug bhaji jazz to 75 thanks get her filled up all the breaks today everybody got more breaks at five east or start with sam a matherin chronicles to 25 that is so cool oh crap look at that thing three at 25 let's get that back that's that's pretty congrats pacers i'm not lava love man silver i'm not silver but uh india griffin there's uh red kevin durant to 149 phoenix for the suns phoenix suns phoenix phoenix suns i guess the phoenix car so phoenix phoenix suns yeah it's it's it's outside of the 101 it's like my favorite thing we could hit here tai tai washington jr rookie hometown heroes auto to 149 for the rockets quick recap we've got clad the glide for the blazers tony allen seltec's auto i know vaughn's happy to have that one horse grant from the magic jade and hardy kory kispert gold jalen durin johnny davis jake laravia jake laravia quad patch auto to 25 blake westley jack sycma going to the thunder from the sonics benedict matherin to 25 on that lava look orange chet to 75 from hoops and blue ben caro score thanks again everybody one more chronicles up next


So, yna'r anewsio'n gweithio, ddim yn ymdweud o'ch cwestiynau. Felly, os ydych chi'n gofyn i'r ffordd, ychydig yn ymddi'r ysgol yn y gweithio'r ffordd, y ffordd yma, ar y gweithio'r ffordd, yn y gweithio'r gweithio, dwi'n ddifetio'r ddifetio, no, dwi'n ddifetio'r ffordd, dwi'n ddifetio'r ddifetio. If you could identify yourself, please, sir, for the audience. Just have to follow from the University of Professional Studies Ghana. To Professor Sanjif, in one of the slides, I saw that on the implementation of the fiscal strategy side for the three different categories of countries that you use, it looks as if the implementation stage, they all score the same, but on the other two, that is the understanding stage and then the formulation stages, they seem to be some wide differences among the countries. Why is that the case from the analysis? Why is that the implementation stage, the different countries are almost performing the same way, but wide differences in the other sectors? The second point is that I also noticed that in terms of accommodating the business cycles into the processes for low-income countries, there was zero. Why does it mean that that is totally ignored in the processes or not? And then... Do you have a final question, Joseph? And then the last one goes to Professor Juca in terms of the tax system in developing countries, particularly from where I come from, you have a large number of the informal sector. To what extent can this category of businesses be incorporated into the tax system vis-à-vis the formal sector, which is probably bearing the larger portion of the tax revenue that is to be generated? Thank you. Thank you, Joseph. So we also have a question on this side. Could you pass the microphone to Omar? Omar, if you put your hand up, there we are. Thank you and identify yourself for those who don't know you. Okay, thanks, Omar McDewm from the London School of Economics. Thank you very much to all the speakers. A question for Juca. Juca, I'm very grateful that you're here because it allows me to ask a question that I've been wanting to ask for a very, very long time about the Nordic miracle. So you've asked the question of what features the tax system would explain the Nordic success. Well, I wanted to know if, in fact, it had something to do... had nothing, in fact, to do with the tax system of Nordic countries, and had something to do outside of the tax systems. And the explanation that I've often heard, and I wanted to know what you thought about this as a fin, is that it had something to do with Nordic countries' demography. And in particular, the two facts, that they are both very small populations and also they're relatively homogeneous populations. Diversity is correlated, we believe, with different notions of what the state is. And so it may be that individuals are unwilling to pay taxes to a state that they don't... whose authority they may not share or have respect for. So I wondered then then what about this idea about homogeneity and about state size and about population size, whether it has something to do with the success of their tax system. Okay, thank you, Omar. Is there another question on that side of the room before we go to the other side of the room? Okay, we have two... Sorry, Michael at the back there. You're just by Michael Walcock. Sorry if you could say who you are, Michael, for those who don't know you. Yeah, I'm Michael. No, Michael Walcock from the World Bank. I guess it's just a refinement of the first question, actually, to Sanjeev, in this, I think it was budget unity out of the 12 different things in your spider diagram there. In one sense, one would expect high-income, middle-income, and low-income to be sort of arrayed as you would expect them to be on a diagram like that. Not just in the category of implementation, but the specific question around budget unity. Why is that for all in statistical purposes, at least we don't seem to see any difference at all between those three? I can think of an explanation, but I'd be really interested in how the IMF sort of makes sense of that kind of empirical result. Okay, thank you, Michael. We have two ladies at the front, and then I'm going to switch over to the right-hand side. So the lady, could you identify yourself, please? Okay, I'm Madina Globa with the Economic Policy Research Centre in Uganda. Mine goes to Sanjeev. I saw your line up on the budgeting process. Uganda just finished reading the budget and seemed a little bit desperate. We're wondering how the IMF comes into all the donors, come into influencing this budget process, because right now it's a bit too political than actually the Ministry of Finance taking its role in the budget process. So how does the donors, like the Britain Woods, infecting on our budgeting process? Thank you. Okay, thank you, Madina. If you could pass the microphone to the lady on the same row. Thank you. Thank you very much for three presentations, very exciting. And my questions would like to ask... Could you identify yourself, please? Oh, sorry. I'm Hong from Central EC2 for Economic Management. My question relates to Sanjeev about your very interesting diagram, or diamond diagram. You said that there must be a kind of macroeconomic fiscal forecasting and also fiscal risk management activities. And also you said that the fiscal system should be independent. So my question is about how the institutional arrangement, meaning the organizational arrangement, can be met with those kind of indicators, whether the first two indicators should take a role by the independent agencies or the Ministry of Finance, because in the case of Vietnam, for example, it seems that those three roles are all taken by the Ministry of Finance, even including the taxation management. So my question is about what about the international experience about those kind of functions. Thank you. Thank you very much, Hong. Okay, do we have questions on the right-hand side? I hope there's a question also for Vladimir among the group. Please, the gentleman at the front, if you could identify yourself. Thank you. Yes, I'm Santiago Levy from the Inter-American Development Bank. This is a comment on the second presentation by Ducca, which I find really interesting and very important, and I take advantage of Sanjeev's present here. I think a lot of the revenue and tax analysis in developing countries, unfortunately, only looks at the revenue side and tries to find the weight losses or the efficiency or inefficiency losses. There's a lot of concentration on the mix of that income taxes and the structure of taxation. You make the very important point that the tax base and the incentives to evade are not independent of what the money is used for and the expenditure side. The Nordic example tells that the participation rate can itself be endogenous and compensate some of the labour market distortions if you actually spend on that. I want to just suggest that this analysis be extended because in many of the developing countries, the revenue side of the budget undermines the tax base and undermines the revenue effort and actually ends up subsidizing evasion because a lot of the spending goes to subsidizing formal activities directly and indirectly, which not only hurts the participation rate but hurts formal informal choices and hurts firm behavior. More broadly, and I finish the point here, this idea of not only looking only at the revenue side of the budget, but simultaneously looking at what the money is being spent on and the incentives that it generates to evade, or not to evade and to participate and not to participate is sort of fundamental in the way we think about tax systems. Thank you. Thank you, Santiago, and welcome to Hanoi. There's a question in the middle there. The lady with her hand up, please. I guess most of the questions I had have been addressed, but perhaps let me just say. I had a... Oh, let me introduce myself. My name is Pamela from Zambia Institute for Policy Analysis and Research, and I think my question is on the production of financial statistics by an independent office. I think I would love to hear more of how that can be achieved with some examples where that has been achieved. My second question is linked to linking expenditure to how it is collected. Now, vis-à-vis a large or sizeable informal sector, how can that be achieved as well? Because in some of these countries, the informal sector is quite large, so how could government spend expenditure be linked to how the revenue is collected? And the other last point is on third-party reporting. Of course, given the same sizeable informal sector, how can third-party reporting be enhanced? Thank you. Thank you very much, Pamela. Are there any questions on that side? Alan, please. Could you pass the microphone to the gentleman at the front? And then I'll switch back. Alan De Genvry, University of California at Berkeley. It seems to me that all three presentations make the point that there is a need to coordinate, there is a need to plan in a sense, there is a need to return to a capacity to think ahead, to define an industrial policy, to link the income side to the expenditure side. This puts the back on the table in a sense the issue of planning, an issue that we have kind of swept aside. Planning has been done more through the back door than in explicit fashion. Could you, the three speakers, take on the issue of the institutions? How would you put planning back on the table? And what kind of institution would you use for that purpose? Which in some way rejoins the question from Vietnam. Thank you, Alan. That's a question for all three members, but very much, I think, for Vladimir. OK, so we have finally, I think, Anthony. Anthony, can you raise your hand right up so the microphone can get to you? The lady is with the microphone. I need some lunch because she's having to run around. Thank you very much. My name is Anthony from University of Southern Denmark in Denmark. Two questions for actually one embedded, two embedded in one for Professor Yoka. How sustainable is the Nordic model in terms of the, if you picture the demographic transition that these countries are going through right now, the aging has been a sort of a concern in the policy cycles. So this tax system, how sustainable it is because it's the huge base of this tax system that depends on workforce, people are going back to work. And in that case then what are the lessons developing countries can learn from these potential sustainability issues. And then two questions to Professor Vladimir. One is on industrial policy. You argue that industrial policy seem to be a way out for sort of pushing economic growth. But I want you to know your views on to what extent that is realistic in terms of the global political landscape. And I can give an example here, think of the WTO and the rules of the game. What lessons can developing countries draw from these and how best can they go about issues like intellectual property rights on innovation and so on and so forth to be able to benefit more on these industrial policies. And the second question is you argue that it's more these transition economics it has something to do with government failure than market failure. And I wanted to draw your attention to the fact that how can this be realistic on developing countries, particularly in Africa. How is this government failure vis-à-vis market failure realistic if you picture the African economies. Thank you. Okay, thank you very much Anthony. Okay, so I'm now going to return to the panel. But before I do that, Sanjeev has a question for I think Yuka. Because I'm sorry to... No, please go ahead. I want to pick up on some of the issues with Santiago raised and and of course the issues that Yuka addressed are the ones are bread and butter of the work that we do in the fiscal affairs department. You know, I mean we have been looking at the design of tax systems in the context of the debate which is going on on income distribution and fiscal policy. And also of the link between spending and the taxation. I think that is a point which is very well taken. But the ability of the government to spend depend on administrative capacity which is lacking in a number of countries. So I mean this model applies only if you assume that the countries have the capacity to implement good expenditure programs. And for most of us who have been in this business for a while, this is not that easy. So I think that's one link that we must recognize. The second one is dual income taxation. I think theoretically it makes sense. We've been discussing this with some countries. But again in the context of the debate which has been initiated by Piketty and by others where we say that labour income would be taxed at a higher rate than the capital income. How do you sell this to a society in a number of places where, you know, how progressive is this system going to be in the end? So that's again an issue which we should not overlook. And again on the self-reporting, I think that's a good idea. But let me give you a practical example. VAT, yes, there is a self-reporting there. But one of the biggest issues we face now, for example in Africa, is that countries are not given VAT refunds. And so the self-reporting system breaks down. So we have to take into account again the discussion we had in the morning about what are the norms and what are the systems prevailing in the countries. And then I would also like to, on the presentation on the investment and on the state, etc. I think one issue which we have to bear in mind, there's no discussion about the quality of investment. We know from our experience and there's a lot of work we are doing now in our own department on investment because there's a huge debate of increasing public investment not only in low-income countries, but in advanced countries in emerging markets and other groups of countries. But one thing that worries everybody, even in advanced countries, is how to ensure quality of investment. And just to say that investment, if you increase investment things will happen, we know many examples from failed projects in the history that that doesn't happen. So I just wanted to add that. Okay, we'll come back to you, Sanjeev, to respond to some of the audience. But let me take now Yuka and his responses, because there's an immediate sort of follow-up there with Sanjeev and also to the audience questions, Yuka. Okay, thank you, thank you all for these excellent questions. I need to say that these were really great questions, but many of them are also really hard. So let me try to do my best in answering them, and I wish I had the correct answer to all of these, and I think the world would be a better place if the economists could answer those, but there are still so many open issues that these are just some quick reflections. Yes, oh yes, okay, that too. First of all, the point about the informal sector. That's a point well taken, and this is something which actually requires thorough analysis, because part of the informal sector represents activities which we wouldn't like to tax at all. So in a sense it's good to have informal sector for very poor workers. So those we wouldn't want to tax even if we were able to. But then there might be some ways of utilising new information technology, and the VAT chains. Although, as Sanjud said, the VAT is something which is maybe sometimes overplayed its role, but on the other hand there is some evidence that the adoption of VATs, this is based on IMF research results, adoption of VATs sort of things equal has led to increase in tax revenues. There's something in that which actually is a form of a tax which is a kind of money machine as your colleague at the fund Michael Keane puts it. Maybe this practice of reverse charging in the VAT, so normally the VAT works so that the taxpayer only pays the, as the name also says, the tax on the value added. But in some sectors, in developed countries nowadays, like the construction sector, the final delivery of that firm is also responsible for paying back all the tax on the whole chain, so that has helped to gain some extra revenues. Then there was a, do a carry on or leave the others? Oh, there were so many questions. So one thing which is a very general question by Omar on if there's anything we can learn from the Nordic tax system given that the countries might be so different. And I think that this is partially true that the countries are indeed different and not everything is exportable, but there are some features in the tax system. This is something which is very, very well dealt with in the clever paper that there's evidence not only from the Nordic countries but also from other countries that these features like the third party reporting and the broad tax base plus the idea of also paying attention to the expenditure side are something which are not unique to the Nordic countries, although Nordic countries apply them to a large extent. So there's something there. There might be something else as well, which is not relevant, but the answer is that part of it is relevant. Thank you very much. Let me next take Vladimir. I think Alain's question very much was geared at you, Vladimir. Thank you so much. Thank you for the questions. The Alain de Genry question was about what kind of institutions you develop in order to make sure that the government works. Something tangible I can say on the issue, basically no one knows, but something tangible I can say is that if we look at the indicators of the government performance, it's better to use not the various indices like control over corruption, there are six indices of the World Bank about the government effectiveness, rule of law and so on. These indices, they are sometimes in conflict with the objective indicators of the government performance. By the objective indicators, I mean two things. First is the crime rate or better murder rate, because murders are better registered in low-developed countries. If there is a body, there is a case. So basically all the murders are registered except for the countries where there are wars going on. And second, the share of the shadow economy. It's also an objective indicator. It is evaluated based on certain procedures, the share of cash money, the consumption of electricity and so on. So there are estimates of the shadow economy. So this is the indicators, these are the indicators that allow you to see what kind of institutions do work. And one more thing, central bank independence, because there was one of the indicators of institutions in Sanjeev presentation was central bank independence. We know that central bank independence works to bring down inflation, but we know that low inflation is usually associated with less growth. So once we talk about economic growth, there is a paper by Alex Tukerman, which links the level of inflation to the independence of the central bank. But sometimes low inflation is not so good for growth and this inflation targeting, which is a new mantra, today there are papers saying that there is a debate going on here. So central bank independence may not be such a great institution for economic growth. And then quickly, Valmy. Yes, and there are two questions from the gentlemen in the middle of the room. What about the industrial policy if the space for industrial policy is very much narrowed by the WTO and by the rule, so trade protection is out of question today and very difficult to exercise and also intellectual property rights rule. The simple answer is underpricing your exchange rate. I have a paper on that once you build your reserves and you underpric your exchange rate and build your reserves, then it's an industrial policy that favours traded goods versus non-traded goods and export-oriented development. This is the industrial policy of East Asian countries. By the way, in Africa, the country that proceeded with these kind of policies, Botswana, one of the most successful economies in Africa from 1960 to 2000, it was building the reserves growing faster than any other country in the world and the reserves to GDP ratio was the highest in the world, 24 months of imports, if I'm not mistaken.  And very quickly, Vladimir. Yes, the government failure and how it applies to Africa, well, in addition to Botswana, let me just point to the other story. There is a paper by Poltorowicz and the obedient servant stages of development and economic growth. The increase in government spending was associated with a better performance or at least the decline in government spending was associated with a worse performance. So there is some evidence for all the countries, not only for Africa. Thank you. Thank you Vladimir. Okay, Sanjeev, now we're at a risk of crowding out the fund but also crowding out lunch. So I'll ask you to be quite succinct in your responses. That's okay. I'll stick with the constraint that you've imposed. The one question which I think two people asked was about why is the result on the implementation stage on budget unity so strange. It so happens that in seven countries, you know, the way the decisions are being made, we had seven countries in the sample for the low income group. The central government expenditures were being authorized under one decision making head. So this is an empirical artifact. It's not something which one can explain through anything else. Then there was this question about why is the business cycle not included in the fiscal objectives. And the reason for that is in most of these low income countries you do not have the ability to come up with a potential output and then have a structural deficit. So they normally rely on overall deficits and not have business cycles included in them. And that's one of the reasons. And there was a question about why there are the independent fiscal agencies. What are they and how do they fit in with the role of the Ministry of Finance? To answer that question, one can look at the experience of the UK. UK did not have independent fiscal agency until recently. They set it up and what it did was to improve the quality of the macro forecast that the Treasury was making until then the Treasury were overestimating the GDP growth. As a result they were presenting a rosier picture then it should have been and that had an impact on how the fiscal planning was being done. Now as a part of the reforms that have been introduced in Europe all the countries are required to have independent fiscal agencies so most of them are doing that. Finally, on the role of donors there is no specific institution on the role of donors, how the donors interface with the countries. The only thing one could do is in the fiscal reporting the coverage of the accounts, the coverage of the money that is coming in from donors should be included in the spending. Thank you very much. It's good to know that England can do something right given our success rate in football recently. OK, so thank you very much for the panel. It's been an excellent session. We ran out of time for responses on the questions but you can talk to them over lunch. To get your lunch though you'll need a name badge so pick that up. Remember at 1.30 there is a launch of a book on international development speakers including David Malone the rector of the United Nations University. David is in the audience there together with Ravi Kanbor. So do come along to that. It remains for me to thank the panel and to thank you for a very good session. Thank you.


A ton of people struggle with post-traumatic stress disorder, but do you know how to help somebody with PTSD? What is up everybody? This is Chris from the Rewired Soul where we talk about the problem, but focus on the solution. And welcome back to another video where this week I'm diving deep into the topic of how do you help somebody who struggles with mental illness? And PTSD is so prevalent and I'll be talking about the stigma around PTSD, misconceptions and things like that later on in this video. But it's so so so important to know how to help somebody with PTSD and really the dos and don'ts. And PTSD is a form of anxiety and it's important to kind of understand what PTSD is all about. Now here's the thing, I'll be honest with you, I don't know everything. I am not nearly as well educated about post-traumatic stress disorder as I should be, alright? So here's what I did, I turned to my buddy Kaleila from the channel Post Traumatic Victory. It is an amazing channel. Kaleila is awesome. Make sure that you go check her out and subscribe. I will put links in the info card and down in the description and in the comments. Go over there and subscribe to her channel like this will help you educate yourself about PTSD. But Kaleila is awesome. Like she talks a lot about PTSD, she has a service animal and things like that. And she's also a musician. One of her most recent videos was actually a ukulele cover and I absolutely loved it. So go over to her channel and say yo Kaleila when you're gonna drop that EP on Spotify. You know what I'm saying? But anyways, I asked Kaleila for some help. I said yo, I don't know much about PTSD. People need to learn how to help you with PTSD.  So she hooked me up, alright? So we're gonna talk about five different things that you should know when it comes to helping somebody with PTSD. The first one is educate yourself. Educate yourself about what PTSD is, alright? It's much more than just bad memories. So one of the first things that you can do and something that I do is go over to Kaleila's channel. She is somebody who struggles with PTSD and she's overcoming it day by day. She works with a therapist. She has a service animal and she puts a lot of information out there. So like just watch some of her videos. Now I do know a little bit about PTSD. One of the books that really helped me understand PTSD and just trauma responses in general was a book called Un**** Your Brain, alright? And I did a whole book review on it by Dr. Faith Harper. I will put a link in the info card to the video I did about this book. Like go get this book. Go get this book right now. Pause the video. Go get the book and then read it, okay? It's a very short, simple book but it talks a lot about rewiring your brain and how to work through it and trauma responses, where anxiety comes from and all that kind of stuff. So what happens is, and here's just like a very brief overview of PTSD. So the brain is always trying to protect you, okay? So when you go through a traumatic event and traumatic is relative, okay? Was traumatic for one person? Might not be traumatic for another person. But what happens is the brain stores that memory in a part of the brain called the hippocampus, which is tied into the amygdala. The amygdala is your fight, fight or freeze mechanism. So PTSD can be triggered by a wide range of things based on your different senses. So it can be different sounds, different smells. It can also include memories. It can be certain tastes. Anything that was happening in that moment can trigger PTSD and the brain freaks out because of things that it needs to protect itself. So that's kind of a brief overview. But again, there's a ton of symptoms and Kaleila talks a lot about this, so go check her channel out.  If somebody in your life struggles with PTSD and they tell you about some of their triggers, like, don't mess with them about it. Don't joke with them about it, like, trust me. I'm a big jokester. I'm a prankster. I have a ton of dad jokes and things like that. But I have a lot of people in my life who struggle with PTSD and that is just off limits. Like, it's rude. It's terrible. So don't go around jump-scaring them. Don't know about some of their triggers and set them up or anything like that. It seems like common sense, but there are people out there who are like, what, what, babe? I was just trying to be funny. Like, it's just that's not funny, you know? And like I said, I have a very crude sense of humor. Some of my favorite comedians are like, really, really crude, right? But this is something where it's just like common decency. We don't do that. Number three, don't try to get somebody with PTSD to talk about their trauma, OK? Like I mentioned, I have a lot of people in my life who struggle with PTSD. And I try to be very mindful of that. Be very mindful of different topics and stuff like that. Like certain people in my life, I know a little bit about it, but I haven't like tried to get them to open up all the way if they're not comfortable with it. Here's the thing, and this is also going to tie into tip number four. But here's the thing, like, as permission, as permission, like, if this is like, you know, a girlfriend or boyfriend or husband or wife or someone, you know, like, ask them, say, do you want to talk about it? OK? Like, this is what they do in talk therapy, too. Or do some motivational interviewing. Like, have you ever thought about getting therapy? Do you think therapy might help you with your symptoms or struggles with PTSD? You know what I'm saying? Because maybe you're not the right person for them to talk to about it, but maybe somebody else did like a licensed professional. And I will provide some resources down below. But don't try to force somebody to talk about it. Like, here's the thing, people get so offended. Like, I always say this and some people get offended when I say this, but I'm sorry to explain neuroscience to you, but we're naturally selfish people. We are naturally selfish and self-centered. We have to work to not be so selfish and self-centered. If your significant other or your friend or family member or co-worker doesn't want to talk to you about their PTSD and the traumatic event, that is not something to get offended by, OK? This doesn't mean they love you any less. It doesn't mean they don't trust you, right? This is something that is very, very sensitive to certain people.  Number four, like, if somebody tells you that they're struggling with PTSD or they're struggling with some of the symptoms that are popping up or they're going through, like, an anxious moment because of their PTSD, just lend an ear. And again, always ask permission. Like, we have to just say, like, do you want to talk about it? Like, do you want to talk about what you're going through? This is a little bit different than asking what happened. Like, do you want to talk about what's happening right now?  Do you want to talk about it? Because like I mentioned in my last video about people who struggle with anxiety, sometimes just talking about what their experience is in that moment, like it helps the brain calm down. But like I also mentioned in the last video about how to help somebody with anxiety, if they don't want to talk about it, leave them alone. Sometimes people just have their own coping skills that they use and you don't need to be a part of it, okay? Remember, like the number one thing I could suggest to anybody who has friends, family members, anybody who struggles with mental illness, you don't have to fix them, okay? Some people just need to be left alone and they can calm down themselves. And number five, please try not to perpetuate the misconception that the only people with PTSD are war veterans. This is so far beyond the truth. Like statistically, like statistically, women are far more likely to have PTSD than men. And this is because women are far more likely to be the victims of physical, sexual and emotional abuse, okay? Now this doesn't mean that men can't be the victim of those things too. But statistically, women are more likely to.  Like, don't even go there, don't even go there. Like you don't know their past, you don't know their struggles. And when talking about like educating yourself about PTSD, like this can come from a car accident, okay? This can come from the loss of a loved one. This can come from being bitten by an animal. This can come from almost drowning. Like this can come from any type of situation where a person's life felt threatened, all right? So don't think that it only happens to war veterans. And on top of that, when it comes to helping somebody, like don't say these little things, like we don't say to anybody with mental illness, like just snap out of it, don't think about it, calm down, think on the bright side, all these things, they just don't help at all. But anyways, that's all I got for you. If you struggle with PTSD, if you have any tips or advice that you would like to offer to other people about what helps you with your PTSD or what you would like people to know, please leave it down in the comments below, all right? But again, thank you so much, Kalayla, for being so amazing and helping me out with this video. I'm going to link her YouTube channel as well as her social media accounts down in the description below. So make sure you go over there, follow her, subscribe, tell her I sent you over to this amazing woman. And one of these days, Kalayla's gonna come over here and do a guest video for me, all right? But she's a busy gal, so I don't bug her too much about it, all right? But that's all I got for you. If you liked this video, please give it a thumbs up.  So go ahead and click that little round subscribe button and a big thank you to everybody supporting the channel over on Patreon, all right? If you're bored and you wanna check out some more videos, you can click or tap on one of those thumbnails right there. All right, thanks so much for watching. Help someone with PTSD today, and I'll see you next time.


I am creating DawaGram. All right guys, welcome back to the channel. Hit and run injuring Muslim Stanford student Sparks hate crime probe. Due to the current escalation between Israel and Palestine, many people finally wake up to the truth and see the oppression of the Palestinian people. However, because Israel still has the upper hand, those people are labeled anti-Semites.  This is the unfortunate common narrative for the past seven decades. The world is always teaming up with Israel and they do not care about the Palestinians. They do not care about Muslims. Therefore, you cannot expect that people would even care for Muslims that are victims to hate crimes. Today, I want to shed a light on this. Before we start the video guys, as always leave me a thumbs up if you enjoy my work. Subscribe to the channel if you haven't already and check out the links in the description box below to further support. And now, with no further ado, let's have a look. We are on the Washington Post homepage.  As authorities announced, they had opened a hate crime investigation into a report of a hit and run that injured an Arab Muslim student at Stanford University. The student called on people on Sunday to collectively denounce hatred, bigotry and violence, emit rising reports of hate crimes against Arabs, Jews and Muslims in the United States. A black SUV hit Stanford student Abdul Wahab Omira on the Paulo Alto, California campus before 2 p.m. Friday, according to university officials. The driver of a Toyota 4Runner was reported to have made eye contact with the victim, accelerated towards him and struck him, then shouted, F you and your people, while driving off according to a news advisory from Stanford's Public Safety Department. Omira described the driver as a white man in his mid-20s, university officials said. On that note, just two hours ago, there was a police sketch released to show more information about the suspect in the Stanford hate crime incident. The images of a suspect accused of running over a Stanford student of Syrian descent last week. This is the sketch. So this is the alleged suspect that committed the hate crime. Omira was transferred to a hospital with non-life-threatening injuries, the university said. One of his friends told KTVU, a Fox affiliate in the Bay Area, that Omira had lost some sensation in his left leg. Alhamdulillah, nothing worse happened, but we of course can imagine that this year could have ended deadly. The California Highway Patrol, which responded to the hit-and-run set in a statement that it's preliminary information and the determination that the incident was a hate crime. Let the Santa Clara Country Sheriff's Office to open a hate crime investigation to look further into the incident. The agencies have not announced an arrest or released a suspect's name. They did not immediately respond to requests for comment Monday morning. I personally am not a big fan of all of those terms and labels, hate crime this, hate crime that. However, in this day and age, in this day and age of liberalism, you unfortunately do have to fight fire with fire. Those are their terms and those terms have been used to justify Israel's existence. Everybody that went against Israel, politically speaking, commits a hate crime already. You cannot speak against Israel in countries such as Germany, for example. They will label you an anti-Semite and then not and potentially put you in jail. This was the common narrative until now, due to social media. Thank God we see a shift there. And therefore, yet again, even though I do not agree with those terms, I do not agree with the term Islamophobia either. Those terms are so weak, but nevertheless, I do understand why they are being used here to essentially take the mirror and hold it into the oppressor's face. So they see that they are exactly doing what they accuse the other side of. Shira, whom friends identified to local media as a Syrian refugee, released a statement Sunday through a students group that has been organizing sit-ins at Stanford to protest Israel's actions in Gaza during the war with Hamas. Even this wording is, of course, absolutely false. What kind of war does Israel have with Hamas? It is not a war with Hamas. They are cutting electricity, water, food to the Palestinian people, of which half is essentially children. This is not a war against Hamas. It's not a direct battle Israelis versus Hamas. No, of course not. They are simply decimating, genocide-ing civilian Palestinians. Now we have a quote here. As I lay in my hospital bed, grappling with a reality I had never imagined, I reflect on the importance of spreading love, kindness and compassion in a world that seems to be steady, succumbing to hatred and prejudice. This ordeal has solidified my resolve to advocate for love, understanding and inclusivity.  Omira described the driver as having short, dirty blonde hair and a short beard, and wearing a gray shirt and round framed eyeglasses. The student said the driver had previously shown animosity towards my community. His hateful screams of F you and your people still echoes in my ears as I grapple with a physical and emotional pain. This incident has left in its wake, he said. Omira, who is listed on his student profile as an undergraduate computer science major, did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Stanford's leader condemned the incident, saying they were profoundly disturbed to hear this report of potentially hate-based physical violence on our campus. The article continues for multiple pages. If you want to continue reading it, I'm going to list it in the description box below for you. And now I'm going to roll some clips about the incident. I went and visited him in the hospital yesterday. He's in good spirits, but physically he wasn't doing very well. Alright, this is a quick video, just a reminder that yes, Muslims become victims of so-called hate crimes as well. No, I have to repeat myself here. You are not an anti-Semite if you want freedom for the Palestinian people. No, wow, big surprise.  People still believe in this BS narrative and honestly I cannot blame them. They've been brainwashed, they've been psyched for decades now. There has been so much Israeli propaganda being pumped out by America itself, spread to the masses. And then of course the so-called war on terror, which was essentially a war on Islam coming from the American side yet again. Bombing Arab countries and therefore people find themselves completely demoralized, completely brainwashed, not knowing what Islam is. And this is what you see people in their 20s driving over Muslim students because they believe somehow those Muslims pose a threat to them. This is how the Christians have been played against the Muslims. In every single Western country you see the same scenario, be it in America or be it in Germany or be it in France. People called Christian conservatives partnering up with Israel, partnering up against the Muslims.  It is absolutely hysterical, you really cannot make this up. When you talk to so-called conservative Christians or to Christian apologists and you ask them why are you against Islam? Why are you against Muslims?  And the Jews do? This is absolutely ridiculous man. What are you talking about? Please look into it. You are differing theologically minimally. If you look at the Christians, they believe allegedly in one God. The Muslims believe in one God as well. However, the Christians do believe that this God has three personas. They believe that Jesus, Son, the Holy Spirit and the Father are one God with three personas. Yes, it is true. The Muslims do not believe that. They believe that Allah is unique. He is only one uniquely one. That is correct. But nevertheless, at least the Muslims see Jesus Christ as a prophet and love Jesus. Of course you will say that they do not love Jesus because they do not see him as God. Again guys, in Islam, Jesus is one of the mightiest messengers. That is it. In Judaism, on the other hand, he is not even a messenger. Quite the opposite. He is seen as a charlatan, as a con man. And according to the Talmud, he is boiling in semen and excrement. This is according to the Talmud.  How can we trust the Quran? The Quran comes 600 years after Jesus. And now I'm going to take this as a source about Jesus. This you attack on Islam. Hey, you don't need to take the Quran as a source. Take it or leave it. Let the Muslims then be misled in your perspective. Let them believe in a book that came 600 years later after Jesus. And in that book, it does not say that Jesus is God. Well, it doesn't say that Jesus is God in the Bible either. But that is a different topic. However, if you look into the sources of Judaism, if you look into the Talmud, you will see that your God is being attacked, is being defiled. Why don't you have a problem with that?  But that is all I can say on this platform.  However, I want to leave you with some words from Germany where I grew up. In Germany, we say, When two people fight, the third is pleased. What that means is, when two argue, there is a third one that is happy about it. So I'm going to let you do the interpretation, who the two groups are that are fighting each other and who the third group could be that is happy about it. Alright guys, and this is it for today's video. If you liked it, leave a thumbs up. If you haven't subscribed already, guys, please do so. And check out the links in the description box to further support my work. So this is it. As always, may God bless you all. Much love and peace. Explore locations, events, courses and education. All fostering growth. Join us. Let's unite and strengthen our power.


In this investigation, five types of hybrid composites were prepared using Indian almond and banana fibres by hand-layup method for structural applications. The IIII composite displayed maximum tensile and flexural strength, while the BBBB composite exhibited maximum impact strength due to higher void content. The BBBB composite also absorbed the maximum moisture percentage and showed maximum weight loss in biodegradation study due to more void content and moisture absorption, respectively. This article was authored by Anand Sundararaju Perimbakanan, Malija and Karapusami, and Karapasami Ramar.


American football has replaced baseball as America's favorite sport. Football has traditionally been played by men, big men who like to hit. However, in the past few years, there has been an increase in the number of women's football leagues. The women play by the same rules and with the same level of physical contact as the men's sport. Tasha Fain is team captain of the Baltimore Nighthawks. I feel women can do anything a man can do.  Fain and team owner Tanya Bryan were part of the first ever women's world championship last year. The American team, with Fain playing and Bryan serving as team manager, won the gold medal. To be the first time it was done and be part of it, no one else can ever say that. So it's just a wonderful feeling and I'm so proud of that. About 10 women's professional football leagues have been formed in the United States in recent years. Many have either joined with other leagues or failed, but the sport continues to grow. Ganche Mosanen is an offensive specialist for the Nighthawks. She has played football for 28 years. Mosanen says the sport is her therapy. It is what she looks forward to the most. I feel as a transformation when I go from putting on my gear and stepping on this football field. It's a huge mental transformation. Mosanen moved to America from Iran as a child. She remembers the first time she ever played football at a game in her neighborhood. I remember getting the phone call from my cousin saying come on out, we need one more person to play. I didn't know what it was. I had never played the game and I remember going out there and just fell in love with it. Most of the other players on the Nighthawks have also played since they were children. Most played unofficially or in non-contact leagues. But for team owner Tanya Bryan, women's football was a completely new experience. It's funny, I didn't even realize the sport existed for women and I got a phone call from a friend of mine and she said there was an opportunity to own a team in Baltimore and I thought it sounded really exciting and I said yes and four years later here I am. When Bryan bought the team, she did not expect to make money right away. After four years she is no longer losing money. But Bryan says what was most important to her was giving young women a chance to play ball. Most of the time as women growing up we're told not to be aggressive and not to be assertive and it's nice to have an outlet where you can come somewhere and let all of that out. You can be loud, you can hit somebody, you can just let it all go and I think it's really healthy. It's great, athleticism is required for football and the team camaraderie is just fantastic. The teamwork was great in the team's recent game against the Philadelphia Firebirds. After a slow first half, the Nighthawks score and hang on for an 8-0 win. The Nighthawks did not win the championship but they say having a chance to play this traditionally men's sport against other women is itself a victory. I'm Faith Lapidus.


he state or perhaps they weren't licensed at all i mean essentially what we said for a minimum qualification was that you attended you graduated from an accredited law school was our kind of criteria for um meeting that minimum requirement so we had six um candidates that met the requirement um uh we interviewed uh the six candidates um and we narrowed that down and uh later today we will be interviewing our finalists um and hopefully extending a conditional offer um in the near future um with respect to uh our search for consultants we've been done very little work on this um and the reason for that is that we want to see who our executive director is what qualifications that person brings um to the table and um see where we might need to fill in the gaps with a consultant um we've had a number of uh consultants both in-state and out-of-state reach out to us um i'm keeping a list of those folks for when we um can really start the consultant search um you know it's uh not clear at this point we're probably gonna do a simplified bid depending on what the depending on about uh what consulting services we need um and so we're working with um Michelle Anderson and others to help us put together a process for seeking applications for consultants but we haven't done much more than that at this point so um it is 151 um i'd like to open up for public comment and again we don't know how this is gonna work exactly uh i guess if you have a comment please raise your hand um your virtual hand if you're on the phone um i'll i guess we'll do the virtual hands first and then we'll and then i'll open it up for phone comments um you're probably muted if you're on the phone to unmute yourself you hit star six but please wait until i open it up for phone comments and then just speak up and we'll try and do that as orderly as we possibly can so Nelly can you manage the hands as they come up and depending on kind of the number of comments we might have to limit the time that you have but um for now i only see one hand so why don't we um open the floor to David Silverman thank you chair pepper um i was heartened by your testimony at the house government operations committee uh last month uh earlier this month uh specifically where you talked about the need for the board to think about ways to reduce barriers to entry that are unnecessary uh and how you kind of frame that as being part of the equity puzzle um and so i was i was very pleased to hear that um and i wanted to just make sure that the board keeps it in the center of their thoughts here two very powerful sections of the enabling statute uh that give you a lot of discretionary authority to do exactly that uh one is section 904a uh that goes into quite a bit of exposition on what you're supposed to do for small cultivators and mandate to you to grant exemptions and exceptions uh where appropriate um but another and i think this is probably not gotten a lot of attention uh at least among folks i've spoken with is section 901d uh which allows the board to uh set up tiers for all license types um and and when you think about tiers i would urge you not to think just about physical size so it doesn't just have to be well you know retail tier you know you're gonna have a 10 000 square foot store versus a 1000 square foot store you may see applicants looking for a retail license to just sell seeds to growers uh and because of the way the statute was written that is a retailing activity uh that's not something that can be done under a cultivation license under f164 um so i do really urge you just to think broadly about tiers and how you can enable the the sort of full uh expression of this economy through appropriate use of tiers uh thank you very much thank you thank you David thank you David i agree with you um i see another hand up um Amelia if you're able to unmute yeah um hi i was in well i uh i testified before gov ops during all of this s25 stuff um and i actually had the privilege to be in a meeting with you mr pepper during um during the symptom relief oversight committee last week um and i'm heartened to hear that you consider medical reform uh such a big massive priority right now um i know as a patient and an advocate that it has not been a priority in the past um and i would just really urge the board to prioritize within all of this medical reform and the other reform you're looking at um keeping in mind that the cannabis uh the medical cannabis fund is going to be absorbed within the cannabis regulation fund um and for a couple months now i've been urging that we keep those funds separate so that that medical marijuana fund as it's called right now can be put to use toward the patients as opposed to being absorbed into the tax and regulation um system and then also to uh briefly just advocate that the um the thc caps uh be considered for getting struck from this legislation as it negatively impacts both small businesses and medical patients thank you Amelia thank you um i see david templeman did i see you unmute yourself yes can you hear me yes okay um hi my name is david templeman i've been advocating for um townships in the northeast kingdom to opt in um that that time is uh beyond us now and i found my township is uh has opted in so uh we're really excited to move forward and see you guys assembled um i'm gonna start planting seeds now i'm gonna put some ideas in your head about uh the downsides of indoor cultivation as a barrier uh for uh people coming into the business uh indoor cultivation has a very high um capital cost to come in and then an ongoing cost in electricity um it's also an environmental issue as far as uh it being a a big carbon footprint and a source for water pollution i really want to encourage you as a board to really consider um setting a different license for indoor and outdoor cultivation giving advantages to outdoor cultivators uh because inherently the indoor cultivator can cultivate more cannabis under the thousand square foot uh law i think that's it for now thank you thank you hey pepper i i do know that we received a request via our public input form from bt normal nick showerman nick i certainly apologize if i butchered your last name but if you would still like to introduce yourself in your organization um please do so well all right we hear from nick if he's wants to join us does anyone on the phone wish to speak and again you should um hit star six on your phone if you'd like to unmute and you can just uh just speak up if you'd like to hi this is chris white hi we can hear you we can hear you uh i posted to the uh the online form uh just a point uh to be aware of that the the pdf that you guys have for the agenda it's not links for the for the conference as well as for reference materials but the url or uri uh is not um visible it's a it's a friendly link um and it's inaccessible for mobile phones so i don't know if you can provide the actual link to these resources okay yeah is that the link um on the department of libraries website i know that they have some restrictions about what we can and can't put up there but uh no it's from the um ccb.vermont.gov okay apologies for that we'll work we'll work through that thanks for bringing that up thank you we'll we'll try and we'll try and you know these teams urls can be 50 characters long but we'll we'll find a place to um to post that on our website moving forward i appreciate the feedback okay any other last public comments seeing none so uh at this point um we will be um i will be entertaining a motion to go to executive session and this is uh again um a three-hour executive session to interview um some of our finalists for the executive director position we will be adjourning um directly after we conclude um and so um i just mentioned that um because there's not going to be any more substance to this meeting um until afterwards we will be meeting again um most likely next thursday um so we will follow the special special rules um or the rules designed for special meetings until we uh officially adopt a regular meeting schedule um and that will be uh hopefully sooner rather than later um so at this point i would entertain a motion to move into executive session um in order to interview candidates for executive director uh mr chair i'll move to uh move into executive session per one vsa 313 a3 to interview the executive director third great okay well i i don't know if we need to call the roll but i certainly vote in favor of that so point of order can we have two minutes before we click on the executive session link sure yep see you in two minutes thank you thank you everybody thank you all right uh we are recording okay so um it's six fifteen six thirteen um we're out of executive session and um i had to entertain a motion to adjourn i moved to adjourn is there a second as well okay um all in favor second and a third all right okay thank you very much thank you all have a great evening take care all thanks nally for hanging in there no problem


Okay, today we're going to use Godot to create a very simple stopwatch application, the little button to stop and start. It actually keeps tracking the background. So even if you restart your phone, it's going to keep the timer going properly. We'll talk about that as we get going. So let's go ahead and jump right in here. I just want to go over something real quick. I've talked about this in previous videos. When doing timers, there's a right way and a wrong way, and I'm sure there's more than just two ways. I have two examples here written in bash, just as an example. And the top one is a way a beginner might try to do it, and it's not a very good way to do it. So what we have here is we're saying set x equals zero, and then we're going to loop forever. So loop y. Then we're going to echo what x equals, so zero. And then we're going to say add one to x, sleep for a second, and then do it all again. So basically every second it's going to add one to x. The biggest problem with this is when you're running all these commands, you're running a sleep command for one second, but there's going to be all the other commands running, so it's not going to be exactly a second for each loop. And if your computer runs slow, it could be even worse. And even if it's a hundredth of a second slow, that means in a hundred seconds, which is just over a minute and a half, you're going to be a second off. Now look at the second example down here. Instead of saying x equals zero, we're going to set x to our start time. We're looking at the start time in seconds. Then we're going to loop, and we're just going to take the current time in seconds and subtract the start time from that. Sleep for a second loop. That way even if it's, I could set the loop to loop every five seconds and it will still keep accurate time because it's not counting the time. It's just displaying how much time has passed. So I'm going to demonstrate that. I'm going to start the top one and bottom one so you can see they're both going a little off here. But if I hit control Z, I can throw the process into the background. So they're both in the background now. So a couple seconds have passed, probably five seconds, six seconds. Let me go ahead and bring them both forward. So if I bring this top one forward, you can see it starts off right where it left off, where if I bring the bottom one forward, it's actually still keeping accurate time from before we suspended the application. So we're going to use those techniques in our Godot project. So let me go ahead and kill those and we will go to our Godot project here. So I have a new Godot project. I called it stopwatch and we are going to now create a user interface. We're going to rename that. We'll just call it stopwatch.  We're going to have a label to display the time. And we're going to have a button to stop and start the timer. Okay, that's it. Now let's go ahead and take our vertical box. We're going to say fill the whole screen. Then we're going to take our label here and we're going to go down to size. And we're going to say, horizontally expand and fill. And then our button, we're going to go to its size flag. And we're going to say vertically fill. So I think we're good on that. We don't want to expand it.  So let's go ahead and get started. I have some assets here. I am going to bring them in. So I have just a load screen. So we don't just have the default load screen, a font and an icon. Those are the only assets we need for this. So really the font, we don't really need any of them. But they do make the program a little bit nicer. So let's go ahead now. And we will go to our label. And we are going to type in here, I'm just going to go 00, 00, 00, just as a starting label timer. Now we're going to say align center, vertical align center. So now it's centered up. Now we can come down here to where it says custom font. And with the label selected, we're going to go custom font dynamic. Click where you said dynamic. Now click font. And we're just going to drag and drop our font, whatever font you have over to here. And there we go. We have a nicer looking font. We can up the size. I'll say 128.  Now we're going to go to our button. And we're going to go down to where it has custom fonts. Same thing. Where it says empty, choose dynamic. Click where it says dynamic under font. We're now going to drag our font over. I'm going to use the same font for this. And for this, we're going to start off with saying start. Now we're going to up the font a little bit. So come back down here to font. We'll set this to 64. That looks good. And then we'll also add some margins here. So we're going to go extra space. And on the top and bottom, we'll add, I don't know, 10, maybe 20. Just to make the button a little bit larger. OK. Our interface is designed. Let's start some programming. We're going to right click on our main node here and say attach a script. Stopwatch.gd is fine. OK. So now we're going to create two variables at the top. I should have not had to create these comments here. But we're going to say var running. This is a variable to check to see if it's running. By default, it's not going to be running. Next we're going to say start, sorry, var start time, which we're going to set to 0, but immediately reset. So we probably could just leave that blank, but I'm going to do that. Also we're going to create little variables for our label and our button just to make it easier to get. We're going to say on ready. So it's going to wait for everything to load. We're going to say var button equals get node. You can also do a little dollar sign thing. I'm not really sure if one is better than the other. This one looks a little more official to me. So that's why I've been going this route. Our label get node and we're going to go label. So we now have a button and a label variable. Next we're going to start creating some functions here. I'm just going to function process delta here. So we are going to, let's do pass on that, what do we want to do first? We want to probably get the time. So we're going to create a function called get time. And we're going to create some variables here. And I'm going to copy and paste from the code I've already written just to speed things up so you're not watching me type a hundred things here. So what are we doing? We're going to create a variable in here called time now. That's the current time. It's going to get the Unix time code stamp, which is in second since 1971 I think, January 1st, 1971 I think is the time, but it gives you the current time in seconds. Then we're going to take that current time and subtract the start time from it. So that will give us how many seconds since we started running this. And then we're going to get seconds out of that. So we're going to take that elapsed time. We're going to divide it by 60 and get the remainder. That's how many seconds we have. Then we want to get hours. We're going to take the time elapsed and divide that by 3600. And then we're going to get minutes by taking the time elapsed, subtracting the output of 3600 times hours, and then we're going to divide that by 60. And then we're going to take that and we're going to put it into a variable called elapsed time. And we're going to have hours, minutes, and seconds, but we're writing it like this. So each one of these percent zero two D is going to take a variable over here and just going to take that number and make sure it's a two digit number so that we always have a leading zero so that you don't have like in the minute spot it says one without a zero before it, same for seconds and hours. And then we're going to change the label to show that time. So that was super simple. So whenever we run that, it's going to get the current elapsed time for us. Okay, so next thing we need to do, let's go ahead and choose our button here and I'm going to go node and we're going to get a signal and we're going to say when it's pressed, we're going to link it to that script, a function called on button press. We're going to click that, okay. So now we want to check, is the stopwatch currently running? So we're going to say if running and we're going to then say stop, okay. So if it's running stop and then we're going to, and we haven't created that function yet, but we're going to, that's why it's turning right there. Then we're going to say else, we're going to start. So if it's not already running, we're going to start it. Let's go up and create those two functions. So func, stop, and for right now we'll just say pass. What that's going to do is it's, if we don't have something in the function, it's going to give us an error until we do. So you can just put pass there until you put something in there. Okay, so we have those functions, but we need to put something in there. When we start it, what do we want? We want to change this button so that it says stop. So you can press that button to stop and set our variable of running to true. So let's go ahead and do that. We're going to say our button.text equals stop. And we're going to set running equals true. When we stop it, what do we want to do? Well actually, the opposite of those two things. So we're going to take that and I'm just going to say button equals start. So when it's stopped, the button will say start so you can start it. And we're going to say that it's currently not running. Okay, next let's go ahead and create our process loop. So we're going to say if running, so if the timer is running, we're going to get time. Okay, we haven't saved anything yet. So let's go ahead and quickly save that. And I'll hit F5, it's going to ask for the default scene. We're going to choose that scene. And here we go, let's see, have we done everything we need to so far? That is not right. Okay, let's see. It's counting seconds. Let me stop it and start it again. Okay, here we go. We need some more stuff in our start function here. So let's go ahead and we are going to set the start time. That's something important to do because right now it's set to zero. So we're going to say start time equals, and we're going to say get, so OS, get Unix timestamp, or time, let's go ahead and click start. There we go. It's counting and it's going to keep accurate time for us. Every time it loops, it's checking how much time has passed since that start time. If we click stop, what happens? It starts all over again. So we stop it and we start it. Our program's pretty much done besides a few cosmetic things we're going to do at the end. But let's say you accidentally close the program or you restart your device. Can we keep the timer going? Yes, if we take that start time, save it to a file, and when we open up the application, check that file, we can shut down our device, turn it on a year from now, and it will calculate the right time. All the hours will be huge because we're not doing days or weeks in here. But let's go ahead. Again, I'm going to copy and paste code, but I'll explain it all just for time to save. So we have a save time function and a load function. So what this is saying, okay, we're going to create a new config file. We're going to create that file, and I was putting this into a error, but we don't ever check that error. So you're supposed to check the error, but I'm not doing that. And then, I'm sorry, I'm just thinking about my code here. It can be cleaned up a little bit. Anyway, we're going to open up a file. We're going to load this file. We don't need this right here. We're going to remove it from here too. Technically, you should check for errors when you're opening and saving the files, but we don't need to. So I'm going to load this config file, or open this config file, and then I'm going to say, okay, we're going to create a category called timer. We're going to have a variable in there called time, and we're going to set it to whatever time we pass it. And then we're going to save that. So we're going to open it, right to it, save it. Down here, when we are loading it, we are going to create a new config file variable. We're going to load that file. We're going to check inside the timer section, is there a variable called time? If there is, grab it. If not, we're going to set the default to zero. Okay? And then we're going to check, okay, if the time does not equal zero, meaning that the timer had been started previously, we're going to change the button to say stop, or we're going to say running is true. Now, all we have to do is add to our load, or our ready, we're going to add in that function load time. One other thing we need to do, so when we load, it's going to check that, but we need to set it to save that. So when we start, we click the start button, we're going to say save time. That's the function we just created, and we're going to pass this start time variable. And I believe that should be it. So if I hit F5 now, it starts up. We don't have a previously saved time. I can go ahead and click start. It starts counting. If I hit stop, it's going to restart it when I click start, okay? But if I was to close this, so I'll just close that window, and I'll start the program again. If we've done everything right, you can see it continued counting. So we're at 10 seconds, go 11, 12, 13, 14. The program is completely closed right now. It's not running anywhere in memory. I'm going to hit F5, it's going to load up, it's going to check that config file and continue where it left off by calculating the time that it's passed. So again, I can shut down this machine. As long as I don't delete that config file, we are good to go. A few more things we want to do real quick. Let's go ahead and go into project settings.  I am also going to come up here and say clear and I'm going to look for where it says environment. I'm going to change the background to be a darker color, probably a darker blue I think would look good. And then we also want to go down here and for mobile devices, we don't want it always in landscape or portrait. We're going to allow it to rotate. So we're looking for display, display window. We're going to go down here and we're going to say sensor. So it'll rotate when you rotate your phone. Go ahead and hit F5 again. You saw our little load screen and here we go, it's still counting. Now if we were to stop it and close out of it, it's going to still count. That's something we might want to change, but for right now we can always stop and start. So even if you stop it, if you restart it, it's going to start off, continue going from the original time. Again, this is a very basic example, but if you're already in a real app, you probably want it to when you hit stop, clear out that save file. You know what, I didn't do that originally. Let's go ahead and do that now. I'm going to just, I think if we just take our save time and pass it the number zero, that should work. So now if we stop, okay, we can start, starts over again. We can stop, if I close it and reopen it, let's see, I'm sorry, back up at zero. But if I don't click stop and I close it and restart it, it continued where it left off. Perfect. And now that I have my phone plugged in, before I export it, I push it to my phone. I have to go to export, say create Android. I'm going to change this to be my website, come that, films by Chris. Go ahead and close that. And we will push it to the phone. Now it all goes well. It will push it, it will package it up as an APK, pushing my phone and directly start it, although sometimes you have to manually start it. It all just ends. There we go. And there we go, it's starting up. There we go, there's our timer. You got it going, click stop. It says five seconds there, click start again. And it's going again. And again, so it's counting right now at five seconds, six seconds, seven seconds. I'm going to show you, I can now restart the device. You can see it shutting down. And if we did everything right, that timer's still going to be going when it starts back up. But I'll take this moment to say thank you for watching. Please visit my website, filmsbychris.com, that's Chris the K, there's a link in the description. If you enjoy my videos, you can support me over at patreon.com, forward slash metalx1000, there's a link to that in the description. I really appreciate it. If you can't support me monthly, but want to give a one-time donation, go to my website filmsbychris.com. There's a donation section with a link to that Patreon page, but also a link to PayPal. I know it's not the best. I should probably get some other ways for you guys to support me. But if you can't support financially, that's fine. Like, share, subscribe. You know, more people will watch my videos, the better. You know, when I upload a video, it does great for the first day or two. I'll get a couple hundred views, but then after that they kind of peeter off for the most part. More people will watch them, the better. I appreciate it. I'm trying to think if there's anything else. Oh, it just finished booting. Let's go ahead and unlock it. And I will now open up that application. So it's opening up. There we go. And there we go. One minute, 27 seconds. They kept counting. Perfect. That's exactly what we need. As always, the code for this project, as well as all the assets, the font and icon, and load screen will be up on GitLab. But you can go there and get this code played with it. But I also recommend, you know, not just loading it up and trying it. Play around with it. Make it how you like. Throw your picture in the background or something like that. Again, this is a very basic example. You can do a lot more with this. But I hope that you learned something and I hope that you have a great day.


The T6 Texan is a single-engine, two-seat trainer aircraft designed to train joint primary pilot training students. With stepped tandem seating, the Texan is used to provide students with the basic skills necessary to progress to one of four training tracks, including strike aircraft, airlift and tanker, turboprop and helicopters.


Hello and welcome to this presentation. My name is Badr Dean and in this video we will see how to customize the TouchGFX template based on STM32H7B discovery board. In this first part we will cover the steps to change the TouchGFX template to use a different display resolution of 640x480. We will begin by a short introduction followed by an overview of the STM32H7B discovery board. Then we will see how to extract the display timings of the 5.7 inches 640x480 display from its datasheet, which we will use to set up the LTDC configuration in STM32QBMAX. After that we will need to set up the graphics configurations and the XQ TouchFX to match the LTDC ones always using the STM32QBMAX. At the end we will finish by a live demo. To customize the TouchGFX template based on the STM32H7B discovery board to use a different display panel we will use the following tools. TouchGFX designer which is a GUI builder that lets you build the visual appearance of your graphics application. Then we will use STM32QBMAX which is a graphical tool that allows a very easy configuration of the STM32 peripherals. Then we will use STM32QBDE to build, load and debug our graphics project. From hardware standpoint we will use STM32H7B discovery board and the display panel of 640x480 from Empire. In this video we will use the STM32H7B discovery board. Its main features are STM32H7B3 ARM Cortex M7 based STM32 with two megabytes of flash memory and 1.4 megabytes of SRAM including 1 megabytes contiguous SRAM that can be used as video buffer for graphics applications. Then the discovery board comes with a 4.3 inches display model, 512 megabit octa-spy flash memory that can be used for graphics assets and 16 megabytes SGRAM that can be used as well as video buffer in case the internal SRAM is not enough. As the first step we need to unplug the 480x272 display from it from the main board of the discovery board and then connect the 640x480 display. Here please note that you need an adapter or custom board to connect the display to the main board of the STM32H7B discovery board. When we look at the display panel data sheet we extract the active width 640 and the active height 480. Then one of the most important parameters is the pixel clock. The pixel clock is the speed at which pixels are transmitted. It is specified in MHz and for this display panel it is 25.175 MHz. The second set of parameters are the horizontal timings. The horizontal synchronization width which is 30. Then the horizontal back porch which is 114. This display data sheet doesn't explicitly specify the horizontal front porch but we can calculate it using the formula. Total width minus active width minus horizontal back porch minus horizontal synchronization and this gives us 16 for the horizontal front porch or HFP. The third set of timing parameters are the vertical timings. The vertical synchronization width is 3. The vertical back porch is 35 and the vertical front porch can be calculated as follows. Total height minus active height minus vertical back porch minus vertical synchronization and this gives us 7. Using STM32 Cubamax it's very easy to customize the display timings in a graphical way. Within STM32 Cubamax you can navigate to the clock configuration tab and see that STM32 H7B devices have a dedicated fractional PLL to generate the pixel clock. Per the display data sheet we need to set up the LTDC clock or pixel clock to 25.175 MHz. In order to configure the display timing we go to the pinout and configuration tab and then to the LTDC peripheral. In the LTDC mode we need to set it up to RGB565 then in the parameter settings tab we need to fill in both horizontal and vertical timing values extracted from the display data sheet. Then we need to configure the LTDC layer settings according to the display resolution and the color depth. We start by the window position. The horizontal stop needs to be 640 which is the display width and the vertical stop needs to be 480 which is the display height. The pixel format needs to match the display type which is RGB565. Finally this frame buffer the frame buffer line length needs to match the display width which is 640 and the number of lines needs to match the display height which is 480. After the LTDC configuration we navigate to the X-Cube, PetGFX and our software packs and set the pixel format to RGB565. The width and height values are taken from the LTDC configuration. We set the frame buffer strategy to single buffer with 640 by 480 and the color depth of 16 we get frame buffer size equal to 614 kilobytes. Then we set the buffer location to by location to let the linker place the buffer in the internal SRAM. Now we will see together how to use the software tools TatGFX Designer, STM32 CubeMX and STM32 CubeID to customize the TatGFX template based on the STM32H7B discovery board. Here I have a TatGFX Designer, STM32 CubeMX and STM32 CubeID installed on my machine. I will start by TatGFX Designer, now click on it give a name to my application STM32H7B640 by 480. Then I will pick the application template for my application do search on STM32H7B. This is my template. Here the default template uses a display resolution of 480 by 272 and the color depth of 24 bits. So we'll see later how to change the display resolution and the color depth using CubeMX. Click on create. Here the TatGFX Designer is downloading the package from the internet so make sure you are connected to the internet to be able to have the template locally. Here I have my canvas. I will add a box here for my background. Just cover the canvas view and then generate code. If I click here I see all the log messages. Okay now it's done. I will browse to STM32 CubeMX IUC file. I have to hit browse code here and then go up by one level and then I will double click on STM32H7B3 dash discovery kit IUC file. STM32 CubeMX starts up. I have my STM32 CubeMX project open. I have the pinout and configuration tab, clock configuration tab, project manager tab, tools tab. I will start by the clock configuration tab. I see here PLL3 the dedicated PLL for graphics for the LTDC peripheral. Here the PLL output goes to the LTDC. So here we need to set up the LTDC clock to 25.175. So we'll start by this divider. I will set it to 2. This multiplier to 31. This divider to 15. And then the fractional to 38.40. And here we get the clock equal to 25.175 MHz and that's what the display data sheet requires. Next I go to the pinout configuration and multimedia. Then to the LTDC peripheral. Up here display type I will use RGB565 16 bits. Then I will start by the parameter settings. The horizontal synchronization width needs to be 30. Horizontal back porch 114. Active width 640. Horizontal front porch 16. Then the vertical synchronization height 3. Then the vertical back porch 35. Active height 480. Vertical front porch 7. Then we go to the layer settings. The horizontal stop needs to be 640. The vertical stop 480. The pixel format of the layer has to be RGB565 to match the display type. The buffer line length 640 and the buffer number of lines which is the image height has to be 480. Next we go to the software packs here and then to the execute.gfx. Here we start by the frame buffer pixel format. It has to match the LTDC pixel format which is RGB565. The width and the height are taken from the LTDC configuration. Frame buffer strategy will use single buffer because using the internal SRAM of 1 megabytes we can only do single buffer with a display of 640 by 480 and the color depth of 16. Buffer location by allocation to let the linker place the buffer into the internal SRAM. Then I get a project manager here and a toolchain IDE. Make sure that I'm using the STM32Q by D. I can use eWarm. I can use MDK arm. For this video I will use STM32Q by D. Then I will click generate code. Here QSTM32Q MX just finished the code generation. I can open the folder or open the project. I will open the project. Q by D pop up. I will select workspace and launch. I have Q by D open. Before I do anything with Q by D go back to TADGFX designer and I see that the TADGFX designer did just detected that the display resolution and color depth were updated. I will hit ES and I see here the canvas. What is modified? I will align or cover the canvas here and then I will add an image. Okay add the image. I have a PNG file of 640 by 480 in my hard drive and then here okay. So now I have my image of 640 by 480 and hit generate code. Okay now the TADGFX designer just finished the code generation. I go back to the STM32Q by D. I will close the information center, expand my project, go to application, user, TADGFX, target and then STM32 touch controller. Because my display panel uses a different touch controller I will comment out the touch function. Simple touch. I will force the return value to true here and comment this out. Now I'm ready to build the project. Click build. Now I have the build finished. I see here the different output files. Next step is to load the binary. Go to debug and STM32 Cortex M application. Okay I get the edit configuration. I go to debugger and then I need to enable the external loader. And the reason for that is to allow the tool to load the images on the assets of the external OctaSpy. So enable the external loader, do scan and then this is the list of all the external loaders supported by STM32Q by D. The OctaSpy flash memory that we have is Mx25L, scroll down, down, Mx25L STM32H7B3 discovery board. So this one. Select the external loader, do apply and then now before I click okay I make sure that the board is connected and then click okay. Here the debug session starts. Here we see that the debugger established the connection. Yes, switch. We can follow here debug messages, connection and there is a flash internal flash memory external flash memory verifying download verified successfully and then we're ready to execute the code by clicking on resume or F8 on the keyboard. Here I have my STM32H7B discovery board with the 480 by 272 display. I have the board connected to my laptop using the USB cable. I will unplug the USB cable, change the jumper position JP1 jumper position from ST link to charger. The reason for that is because ST link is limited to 500 milliamp and with the big display I need more than that. Next step I will unplug the display panel. Okay. Here I have my 640 by 480 display panel. I will plug it into the STM32H7B. Okay. Then I will plug the USB cable into the power bank. Okay. And then here I have my image displayed on the display. Of course I could have used USB power adapter. Thank you for joining me in today's presentation and we hope that you enjoyed learning how to customize a TADGFX template.