Hello, it's hard to come after you. I think I want to thank to everyone who is still here. I think you are heroes in one way or another, that you resisted all this very powerful battle so long day. Maybe we should each of us introduce ourselves, shall we? How about you introduce yourself, do your talk, because we have so little time, and then... Okay. Perfect. So I'm Andriyela Kattush, I'm from Romania. I'm a CEC ArtsLink resident. I was in Los Angeles as LAPD, not at the police, but at the Poverty Department. For the people who don't know about it, this is an organization that was built in 1985 by John Malpedi, who is a theater director, and they work in Skid Row. I guess everybody knows about Skid Row. So there were five intense weeks, but I'm not here to speak about this. I'm mainly a film director. I also do cultural production and educational programs. And I'm here today to tell you something about how we can create spaces for narratives that are maybe sometimes unheard, or we need to make them heard in a way or another. And I want to start the story from the first project I made in a community. It was a small village in Romania. And we did a three-month cultural activation of a community space there. And we worked with children. We ended up working with children, and it got communicated in many, many channels, and people with very good intentions had these children seen, some children who don't have access to many, many stuff. So they are portrayed in this way, that this is these children who don't have that much, and we came there and we showed them so many artists and art pieces and so on. And I had this feeling that this is not the story of these children. And I had this feeling that we should do more than giving them something, and then having this context in which they could be portrayed as some, I don't know, people who don't really have access to anything and they don't see much and so on. So in the next year we did a project. We wanted to make a theater show with them and to make them speak about themselves and their perspectives, but without exposing them on a personal level.  What kind of planet would it be? How would that planet look? How would people live in that planet? So they decided that the people would live in a hotel. Most of them didn't see a hotel. So then they imagined a hotel. Like in real life they weren't in a hotel ever before. Then we said, okay, the only thing we have to keep in mind is that these aliens from this planet and so on, they have this mission to go to planet earth, to this village that was their village, to understand these strange things that humans have and this is emotions. And how do they see emotions? What experiences do they have and things like this? So in preparation for this, there was a writing process. So the children were writing everything in small different exercises and they did some dance and some songs and they also did them by themselves through small exercises that didn't seem complicated. So one of them, they decided that on this planet each child has their own room, which they didn't really have most of them, and their mothers were virtual and they would meet their mothers once a day in something that recalls a Zoom call because most of their mothers were abroad working. And yeah, they had to do some interviews in the village and then we had some critical thinking workshops to see how they see what they discovered about the other people. And in the end, we had this show that depicted mostly the community issues, but it was not about that. So there was no personal story there. There was nothing about, I don't know, struggles or showing or exposing something extremely vulnerable that would maybe sometimes re-traumatize some people. Or if not to re-traumatize, then I don't know, expose them to things that are out of our control. And the interesting part about it was that it was played in front of the community and then in the city. And the adults and police makers and teachers and so on they were completely surprised because they understood what the children were speaking about. And also the children because they participated at the community center revival project that we had. We also got their artists all the time. And we had Q&As. So we were so surprised because at the end of the show they went to the public and said, okay, what's your opinion? What do you think about what we did? So it was this kind of empowerment and later on we were told by the teachers in school that they got better and better at school. And now these children like from this village not all the children go to high school but all of these children are now in high school in the city and I'm really proud of them. So for me this was at the core of my practice later on because now my focus is in filmmaking because I'm a field director. And through these projects and these kind of explorations I came with another view towards cinema production which is a harsh medium some of the times because you have to produce, it's about money, it's about strict deadlines. And I think that we can also do this with a kind of care and having a stronger connection with the communities and vulnerable topics that we are speaking about through fiction film. So this would provoke a lot this idea of cinema auteur but I think there comes a time in which you have to find other ways so to see how it could work in different ways than this of the auteur who is in control of everything. So yeah, that's it, thank you. Hi everyone, my name is Amani Olu. I am the founder and executive director of Olu & Company. We are a strategic marketing firm based in Detroit and New York and we work with clients at the intersection of art, design and social impact. In 2020 at the height of the movement for Black Lives I think everyone was trying to figure out how they could contribute from their living rooms. And one of the things I started thinking about was as we talk about community narratives was how can Black artists protect their narrative and protect it from the institution and the establishment that is really seeking to just monetize, make money off of the work but isn't interested in doing any kind of deep dive. So I came up with this like 10 step toolkit and I'm going to talk about some of these, not all of them. And one of the things that is important for me to talk about is a big part of what my firm does is communications and brand voice meaning that we want to make sure that our clients are telling their story in the most authentic, integral way as opposed to just trying to connect to funders or collectors or other key stakeholders. Just making sure that they're being really real and they're being honest in that they're not causing any harm with their language, especially some of our more corporate clients who come into Detroit and they want to do stuff. And a lot of times they throw around words like revitalization and we say you can't really use that word here because there are people who live here and they're alive. Like they're real and they're paying taxes and they're doing all the things. So just because you're doing this project here doesn't necessarily mean that you're saving the community.  So just as a 30,000 foot view understanding of one of the specialties of my firm is that we go deep on the language and we make sure that it's being communicated properly. Okay, all right, so 10 steps. I'm going to just kind of jump around here. Again, this was in the context of black artists. Anyone can use this. Establish your core values. Like what do you believe in? What do you stand on it? That's it, just stand on it, right? Don't change it up or for this opportunity, you believe in what you believe in, those are your values and stand on it. You have to create language around your work. Whatever your work is, it doesn't have to be individual arts. You have to create the proper language around what you're doing. You also want to define what your work is not about. That's really important. These are the five things my work is not about because, again, in the context of visual art, you have someone that is likely not going to be from your community, maybe not have the same shared lived experience, but they know how to collect theirs and they will say anything to sell your work. They don't care. So be clear about that. We always recommend that our clients come up with a list of words that, whether it's an advisor, institution, whomever, like these are words that you can't use when you describe my work. I'm going to skip that. I think it's a good idea to have these top-level talking points about your work. It's kind of crazy, right? It's like who wants to sit down and write talking points, but it's really helpful when you're talking about what you're doing. These are the five things I need to get across quickly about whatever this thing is. And we also suggest that you build a toolkit. Here's my, I don't know, bio artist statement. There's distances that you kind of have it all situated somewhere on your computer in one folder so that it's just readily available if you need to share and you're not scrambling at the last minute to try to talk about what you're doing. I'll go through this quickly. Get feedback from your colleagues and friends. You're already doing that. I'm sure mock interviews, super important. Y'all homies in the same community? Just say, hey, interview me and give me some feedback on how to talk about what I do. Approve all copy. I don't care if it already went out. Nah, we got to go. We got to edit that. We got to change that. Approve all copy. The copy should be pretty much perfect by the time it's going out to anyone because you're already deep in this process. You shouldn't be seeing it for the first time. And be transparent. If you're the type of artist that's going to do this kind of work, you should probably let people know that this is what it means to work with you. These are my parameters. These are my boundaries. If you want to work with me again, whether it's in the visual arts or any other space, I'm talking from that perspective because that's the world I'm in. But this is what it means to work with me. You cool with that? All right, now we can rock. If you're not, I got to go somewhere else because we don't share the same core values, which is the first thing I listed. So from a tactical perspective, my firm, what we would do, we would either be building all of this for you or for our clients, and then we would be pitching journalists with the appropriate narrative, everything in place. And the reason why, taking it back to 2020, as I was thinking about art history, I was thinking about the rapid interest and growth of the contemporary black art market, I was like, wait, if the narratives about this work, they're incorrect, but they're going in outlets like Art Forum, that's now in the canon incorrectly. So that was the piece where I felt like, as a former curator, arts writer, turn publicist, I kind of understood how all those pieces work together, and I was just thinking about, artists will come to us and say, hey, I'm doing a show at X Gallery, everything is sold out, I don't even have a press release, I'm scared to death about what they're going to say about the work. Then we would come in and we would say, all right, you need to do this and do that. Then when the gallery was like, well, we don't want to say this, then they would bring them to us and then we would talk to them and we'd fix it. So yeah, community narratives. Hi, I'm Lori Waxman. I'm like the third piece of the puzzle. I'm the art critic. I am an art critic. I write for the Chicago Tribune I have for a really long time. I also write for Hyperallergic. So in both of those places, I'm a very conventional art critic, and this is my beat, Chicago, that's what I cover, local artists for international publications and anybody for the local publications. But I'm also an experimental community art critic in this other project that I've been doing for almost 20 years, called the 60-Word a Minute Art Critic, where I travel to places that are a little more off the art map than Chicago, like Portland, Maine, or Knoxville, Tennessee, and I find an art space to host me and for three days I write art reviews for anybody who wants a review. So I flip the usual way that it works and I don't decide who I write about. If somebody wants a review, they get a review. I promise to take everything seriously that is brought to me, and anybody can come. Anybody who makes art, sometimes people bring me the work of dead people, children, professional artists emerging, their teachers, hobbyists, anything. Everybody gets the same serious treatment, and then everything gets published after the fact in any local newspaper, radio, website, whatever I can find locally to partner with. And part of the idea is that I truly believe art criticism is an important part of a healthy art environment or community to stick with the theme. And it doesn't exist everywhere. I mean, it barely even exists in Chicago because the media landscape is so decimated. We don't have to get into it. You all understand. So part of the idea is almost like a traveling doctor back in the day when you didn't have local doctors everywhere. So the doctor came by, helped everybody else, and then went on their way to the next town. But eventually people realize like, oh, it's good to have a doctor. Maybe we should have a local doctor. So maybe I come to town for three days and then I leave and people realize, oh, it's nice to have a local art critic. We should have a local art critic. And maybe it's the people who are participants who realize it, and they have their own ways of generating feedback. Or maybe it's the local publishing partner who suddenly has art reviews that they never have normally, and they realize, oh, there's art being made here, and oh, this is kind of an exciting thing to have in our publication. So maybe they pursue that. There's a lot of different ways it could happen, so I don't check in. I don't have to answer to anybody and produce data about how effective my performance has been, which is good. But yeah, so I do that in addition to doing the normal job of a Chicago art critic. And I didn't even check the time, so that probably was like... No, you're good. I got like two minutes left. Three minutes. Three minutes left? Okay. Thanks, Max. Okay, so one thing that I have heard sometimes after the fact, which has surprised me over the years is learning of the different values that art criticism can have for individual participants. I know what it does for me, and I know what it does in conventional professional art worlds, but it turns out it has other possible values. So some of the the more out there ones in Knoxville, Tennessee, there was a couple who brought me the paintings that their adult son had made while incarcerated. Their son was still incarcerated, and I wrote a review of their son's paintings, and the review was published in the local paper and then brought to the warden at the jail, and this proved to the warden that there was value in what the inmate was doing, and he was given extra privileges for materials in order to practice more of his art making. So that had never occurred to me. I have a number of artists, foreign artists living in the U.S. who want to get this O1B visa. You need reviews to get an O1B visa, so it's become part of their visa packets. And it's as good as any. And that's why it's important that the reviews get published in real places. What else? I did it in Germany once, and there was another set of parents who came in with their son, who had autism, but was a very serious, abstract artist, and I reviewed the work and took it really seriously, and the mother cried while I was writing, and I was so worried that I'd upset her. And so I spoke to her after, and she said, no, it had just been so validating, that her son made this work in the world and someone else could understand it and see its value. So I have also gotten to have those experiences through this, which is kind of incredible. But I've also seen how art feedback can have many different kinds of value way beyond what I imagine it might mean. The end. Okay.


So, we come to the last module of this series, what is the geometric distinction between surfaces occurring in the list 2 and list 3, namely all those surfaces which are obtained as connected sums of a number of tori or connected sums of a number of projective spaces. We know that the algebra, either homology or the fundamental group, they distinguish them. We have studied them thoroughly, but now we are asking what is the geometric thing that is happening here. This question brings us to the all to important concept of orientability, concept of orientation. However, we shall just touch upon this concept restricting ourselves to the case of triangulated manifolds, which is the classical approach actually. It somewhat turns out to be somewhat weaker than other approaches. So, by an orientation on an n simplex, n greater than or equal to 1, we mean an equivalence class of labeling the vertices, that means choosing an order. What is the equivalence class? What is the equivalence relation? Two such labelings being treated equivalent if one is obtainable from the other via an even permutation. Once there is a labeling, another labeling corresponds to a permutation of the original labeling. If that permutation is of even type, namely signature of that permutation is 1, then we identify these two. So, it turns out that there are exactly two orientations on any n simplex. Given any one ordering, you can just interchange just two of them and keep the rest of them in order permutation, that will be another one. If you do one more, that will be again even. So, you will not get any other class. So, there are only two classes. So, there are two orientations. Orientation means what? Choosing an order, but up to equivalence of this nature. Namely, the permutation corresponding to the going from one ordering to the another ordering should be even type. So, it follows easily that there are precisely two orientations on every n simplex and greater or equal to 1. We call them orientations opposite to each other. Once suppose you fix one of them and call it as positive orientation, then the other one will be negative. It is just a square root of square root of i. Sorry, square root of minus 1. Is there a positive square root? That is just a joke. But you will like i and plus minus i. The other one is minus i that is all. Doesn't mean that i is a positive root square root. There is nothing like that. So, there is no positivity, negativity here. But people do use this kind of loose terminologies. You must understand that is all. So, one is the opposite of the other. Often an oriented n simplex is displayed by putting a bracket. This we have followed earlier. In the construction of the chain complex corresponding to a, you know, the simplicial chain complex, correct or not, is simplicial complex. So, I will just recall it. It is displayed as v naught v1 vn. So, this is an n plus 1 simplex. This is an n simplex, sorry, with n plus 1 vertices there. Sometimes when one of the orientation is preferred for some reason and referred to as a positive orientation, then the other one is called the negative orientation. It is just like we have the anticlockwise and clockwise orientations, right, direction. For instance, on the standard simplex delta and e naught even en, the e naught even en in that order is called the positive orientation. Then all the other orientation whatever you take will be, will be the negative orientation. That is all. So, we also use this notation. This notation is justified because of our integration theory and because of our homology theory. If you choose this as a generator, then the opposite orientation, this one, we have seen that this plus this in the homology will be null homologous. Therefore, this is equal to minus of v naught v1. So, we can use this notation. Integration along this edge and integration in the opposite direction, they are related by this relation. That is one other reason why this is used, okay. For the sake of logical consistency, we shall include the zero vertices also, zero simplex is also, vertices also. And vertices, how many orientation can be there, permutation or group itself is trivial. It is only one element. But just for logical consistency, what we do is we will declare that each vertex also has two orientation, namely bracket v and minus bracket v. That is all, okay. This is just, you know, forcibly we define because to look at the zero chain, we have made it a group. In an abelian group, we must have negative also. So, it is like that, okay. So, let us now make another notation. Recall another notation.  If we just write curly brackets, it will be simplex. Okay, if you write square brackets, then you have chosen an order up to permutation, whatever even permutation. So, that is an oriented simplex. Then v naught, vi minus 1, vi omitted, we remember what is this one, this is the ith phase of this one. With the correct sign minus 1 power i, these are the n minus 1 phases of sigma, okay, all of them, trying from d to n, there are n plus 1 of them, with induced orientation. That is the definition now, okay. This is how the in the boundary sum, we are taking the sum of all these and we have to put the correct sign here. For instance, the oriented what it says, of an oriented edge, what are these? We will drop out v1, we have to put minus 1 correspond to this. v naught is minus 1. v1, we have got by dropping out v naught, is minus 1 ratio 0, this is positive. So, it is v naught with a negative sign and v1 with positive sign. The sum total is defined as a boundary, remember that. So, these are the oriented edges. The oriented edges of the oriented triangle, and just recalling these you are already familiar is if you omit v naught, v2, v naught, v1 will come. If you omit v, v naught, v1, v2 will come, but if you omit v1, it will be minus v naught v1, which is v2, v naught. Psychologically, if you are right in this case, then the sign is all of them plus, that is only for 3. If you go to 4 and 4, you have to, this is the only rule that will tell you how to write correctly. That may be a triangulated, triangulation with pseudo and manifold. You know what a pseudo and manifold is. Pseudo and manifold, first of all, is a triangulated manifold. It is a triangulation, sorry, it is a, it is a simplification complex, which satisfies one of the fundamental properties of the triangulated manifold. So, we have defined what is a pseudo manifold. By an orientation on k, we mean a choice of orientation on each n-symplex, because a pseudo manifold is pure of dimension n. All the maximal symplexes are n-symplexes. So, on n-symplexes, you have an orientation for each of them, so that the orientation is reduced on a common n-1 phase. So, two symplexes may have a common n-1 phase, that is called a fast set. And the two orientation, it will come from one orientation over on one side, another from other side. These two orientations must be opposite of each other. So, this is a definition. If this is satisfied, if all the orientations are like this, then we call orientation on k. So, not all pseudo manifolds are orientable, this condition will not be obvious. It turns out that given a pseudo manifold x, its orientability depends just on the homotopy type of underlying topological space. This is a deep remark which we will not be able to prove in general. But for surfaces, we have already a proof here. So, I want to indicate that. Let k be a triangulation of a surface. It turns out that k is orientable if and only if there exists an ordering of the vertices of each two simplex in k, which corresponds to orienting each two simplex, such that whenever sigma 1, sigma 2 are two adjacent symplexes, their ordering is compatible. This is the word I am going to use in the following sense. What is the mean of compatibility? The two orders induced by two simplex is on other side, on the common edge. Coming from sigma 1 and coming from sigma 2, they must be opposite of each other. So, I am just recalling this definition here in this special case. That is all. Compatible is the word I am using here. Not that every triangulated, note that every triangulated convex polyhedron P in R n is orientable. So, this is not very difficult to see. At least for R equal to 1 and 2 is totally obvious. It can also be seen that there are exactly two orientations on P. So, what you can do is you start with one simplex, whichever order you want, you place that order. Then look at the induced orientations on each of the faces. For the other side of a simplex, simplex which comes on the other side, you extend that orientation so that with the opposite sign that is all. So, that the two things which are induced are opposite to each other. So, keep doing this. So, you can always do this without any problem at all. Till what? Till you have some problem is all, there may be one simplex. All its edges are already oriented. All its boundaries are already oriented. Then you must show that if there is only one way of orienting that one and that will give you the correct orientations. So, you have no choice there now, but that is whatever is forced on you is the correct orientation. That is what we have to do. So, there is something to be proved here. It is not all that obvious, but it can be proved. It is not a difficult thing. All right. So, a canonical polygon is said to be orientable. Now, I am making a different definition here. A convex polygon is always orientable. Now, I am taking canonical polygon. What is canonical polygon? Canonical polygon means that there is a sequence of edges on the boundary such that each edge is identified with another edge, exactly one other edge, edge pairs. Remember that. That is the definition of canonical polygon. So, a canonical polygon is said to be orientable if and only if all the identifications, namely pairwise identifications of the edges are there on the boundary phases are orientation reversing. That is the definition of a canonical polygon being orientable. So, this definition can be taken in any, in a RN also. Instead of polygon, you can take polydron. In dimension 2, this can be formulated as follows. A canonical polygon in R2 is orientable if and only if it has no edge pairs of type 2. The type 2 edge pairs are how? A and then A. So, identification is orientation preserving. That should not happen. All the edge pairs must be orientation reversing. So, that is the definition for orientation of the canonical polygon. Why this definition, this artificial definition? You will see that this is the correct one for us to relate it to pseudo-manifold now. So, this is the theorem.  Some, there is no uniqueness. P is a convex canonical polygon defining K. That is a quotient mass P from P to K in which edge pairs are identified, all that you have to recall. Suppose this is a picture, then K as a triangulated surface is orientable if and only if P as a canonical polygon is orientable. So, this is the theorem. So, this is what made us make this definition. So, how does it go about it? So, you have to verify that the induced orientation, that the claim is there is a quotient map is injective on each simplex. So, it is a bijection of vertices. So, take the corresponding ordering P as a triangles of P are already ordered. The triangles in K should be ordered according to this isomorphism P. You take that. Now, you have to show that this is an orientation on K. It is easily checked that any triangulated convex polygon is orientable first of all. Okay, there is no problem here. Given a triangulated surface K, let P be the canonical polygon associated to it. You got my point? We start with it. We can fix an orientation on this convex polygon. Then pass the ordering of the vertices of each simplex down to K via the quotient map P to K. Clearly, for all edges in K which are images of some interior edges of K, because we are using the same isomorphism, same bijection, there is no problem. Okay, there inside P they are compatible. When they come down to K, they are compatible. Okay, compatibility condition is automatically described. So, the problem it remains to receive what is happening at the edge E in K which is image of a pair of boundary edges. Okay, if these edges edge pairs are of type 2, then the two orderings on E will be the same coming from two different simplex states and that will create problem. Compatibility fails. If all edge pairs are of type 1, then there is no problem. Okay, and hence compatibility will be over. So, this is the explanation for this theorem. Okay, in fact, once after observing this only, you formulated this theorem. Okay, note that if there is at least one edge pair of type 2 in a canonical polygon, then in the reduction process, see from a canonical polygon, we had a step 1, step 2, step 3, step 4, step 5 and so on reduction process to bring it to the normal form. The canonical process, the reduction process will never get a pair of type 2. Okay, it will never get rid of it. Type 1 pairs are sometimes got rid of. Type 2, if you try to get rid of it, it will induce another one of the similar nature. Okay, so that will be always there. So, once you have a canonical, once you have a type 2 edge pair in a canonical polygon, then in the reduction process that we have used to bring it to the normal form, all the intermediate states of the canonical polygon will have at least one edge pair of type 2. Therefore, it follows that original canonical polygon is orientable if and only if its normal form is orientable. You can say that this is not orientable if and only if it is not orientable. Type 2 means not orientable. Okay, so I will give you one more example here. Let sigma equal to at two simple x, u, v, w and sigma 2 equal to w, v, x. What is the edge here common v, w? So, what is the order here? Look at on v, w, you have to drop out u. So, v, w, the the orientation is v, w. On w, v, you have to drop out x. Again, it is w, v. So, these two are opposite of each other. So, this order is compatible. Okay, if you order like this. So, you can put these two sigma 1, sigma 2, two triangles together. So, that will be oriented correctly. Now, suppose these two triangles are taken and you have messed it up, namely tau 1 is abc, tau 2 is bcd. Okay, so when you drop out a, it is bc, correct order. Okay, when you drop out d, again it is bc, the same order. So, this is not compatible. Okay, check that the canonical polygons, a, a inverse, okay, by definition is an oriented canonical polygon. a, b, a inverse, b inverse, these are orientable. Whereas, a, a, a, b, a, b inverse, these are not orientable. Why? Because there is one pair a and a, same orientation, right? So, this will be, this will create problem. This defines a tau, this defines a, the Klein bottle, this defines projected space. These are not orientable. The simplest two-dimensional manifold that is not orientable is the Mobius band. We had some great experience with them in the live session also sometimes in another meeting here. The simplest two-dimensional manifold that is not orientable is the Mobius band. You can verify this by taking a couple of tangulations but that will never prove the assertion. Maybe there is some other, maybe there will be a long, a lot of way you have cut it and you are not verified. So, prove that it is not orientable, you have to have a different device. So, with this definition, it is not that easy to demonstrate that something is not orientable. Okay, if you cut it and then orient in a correct way and get orientability, you can demonstrate something is orientable, that is easy. You have to give just one triangulation which is orientable. But to say that underlying space is not orientable, that is rather difficult. You give me a triangulation, I can verify that it is not orientable. That is possible. But no triangulation is orientable, it is not easy to do. All right. So, but here in the case of surfaces, because of our homology and so on, we have got a complete understanding of this orientability. This is just a lucky part so that it comes so easily for us. So, let us make an algebraic definition of orientability and then see that that is a topological invariance and that from there we can we can deduce all these things. So, what is the definition? X be a connected compact two-dimensional manifold without boundary. Okay, there is no triangulation here now. The earlier one that we defined using triangulation, let us call that combinatorial orientation. So, this is now algebraic orientation. Okay, so we say X is orientable if and only if the second homology of X with respect to that coefficient is isomorphic to that. This looks like very artificial definition, but this is motivated by geometry and this definition can be taken for all manifolds, not only just H2, not only just surfaces. You make instead of n here, n and then put H2, instead of H2 you put Hn here and that definition is a strong, very strong. Of course, it can be further generalized also. Okay, so since we are assuming that every surface X is triangulable, okay, that Radoff's theorem we have assumed we have not proved that one. Okay, it follows from theorem 6.14 and our computation H2 which we did, right, sometimes that X is orientable if and only if it belongs to the list 1 namely S2 or 2 namely all TGs. Okay, thus the new algebraic definition and the old combinatorial definition of orientability coincide here. Okay, so in both cases the polygon that we get, the canonical polygon is activated. As only edges of type 1, no edges of type 2, edge pairs of type 2. Okay, as soon as type 2, it will belong to the class 3 and class 3 we have computed H2 is actually 0, not that. So this is what we have seen already. Therefore, we have this control that algebraic definition implies and implied by the combinatorial definition. These two are equivalent. The theorem just below just sums it all now. So I want to tell you something without using the triangulation at all. Okay, let S1 and S2 be compact, connected, two-dimension topological manifolds without boundary namely surfaces in our short. Then S1 and S2 are homeomorphic if and only if their Euler characteristics are equal and both are orientable or both are non-orientable. Sometimes back we have observed, we have computed Euler characteristic and we have seen that Euler characteristic itself cannot distinguish between the second series and the third series. The members of third series can have same Euler characteristic as some members in the second series. Okay, so just Euler characteristic level 2, put one more condition, orientability, the second and third are different, over. Okay, so the proof uses triangulability. The statement does not. Okay, finally we have a statement without referring to a triangulation. Okay, only Euler characteristic and orientability will give you the, this definition and for orientability we can use algebraic definition namely H2 must be infinite cyclic. So let me make a general remark here. In general for a smooth manifold, weak or without boundary and compact or non-compact. That is like a more general but you have to assume smooth manifold. Smooth means differential manifold. We can talk about orientability in at least four different ways. Combinatorial one is valid there because a smooth manifold is triangulable. There is something called tangent bundle. Okay, orienting tangent bundle. There is something called differential enforms, existence of a non-trivial differential enform. Okay, and then finally there is algebraic one also. There are many more but I want to tell you at least four of them. Okay, they all, these all orientability coincide. Okay, the algebraic definition gives you that orientability is indeed a homotopy invariant. Whereas the differential topological thing will give you that orientability is only diffeomorphism class invariant. The combinatorial one is the most difficult to handle but easy to perceive, easy to understand. Proving general theorems, it is difficult. Okay, so we have to study that so that computation and easy to understand it is for that it is very helpful. Okay, so here are a few exercises. These exercises will be again updated and given to you in the form of just PDF files. Okay, you have to work out them. You have to work out exercises and some of them you have to submit also and so on. Okay, thank you. I have enjoyed lecturing to you. See you some other time. Thank you.


Good day, fellow investors! We have discussed first solar, we have discussed the solar trend and today we'll discuss batteries, because batteries are key for the development of the solar trend. Now, the key components of today is that battery storage is close, not yet, but close to being profitable, so we must see if it becomes profitable, if we can store that solar renewable energy, then batteries will explode and we must see how we can take advantage of that. So, let's see what's going on in the industry to make perhaps a base of potentially profitable investment over the long term. The key with batteries are the cost. They are declining, declining, declining, which is good, and now even all the promises batteries at the cost as low as $100 per kilowatt, which is very low and would be game changer for electrical vehicles and energy storage. The lower cost might increase demand for storage and even give a boost to the solar industry. Just a quick note, I have already shown this, but the issue with renewable energy is that when there is a lot of it, there is oversupply and prices really drop even below zero, and that's not really profitable when you have to sell something below zero. If you can store it, however, and sell it when the prices are again high, then you're doing a great job. How to invest in the trend? There are three main trends to follow. Utilities, commercial and homeowners. Utilities can smooth the impact of volatile renewable energy by storing it, while commercial buildings can save on their energy bill, as they often buy at peak times. Homeowners will love to detach themselves from the grid, if possible, also because more and more houses install solar, so it's better to store than to sell it back to the utility at wholesale prices. When we look at the energy system, where to invest, there is a lot of it, inverters, transformators, solar panels, storage, batteries, metals in the batteries, so a lot, a lot of opportunities. Meters, controllers, power conversion systems, capital needs, investing, return yields, yield costs, whatever, a lot, a lot of production. However, the battery trend isn't that strong, and BYD, which is owned by Berkshire and an interesting battery producer, electric car producer, has only 8% of revenue coming from batteries. And also, one CEO of a solar stock that I have been analyzing, they have a lot of cash, but in a conference call, he said that they have been looking to diversify into a battery producer, but for the last, I don't know, few years, they couldn't find any that is profitable. That has a business model, and that will do good over the long term, and they have a lot of cash to acquire such companies. So, it's very interesting how if they can't find it, perhaps we also can't find such an investment, so we have to be really, really careful where we invest. Another company that plans to invest 10 billion into energy storage is EDF, the French utility, other European utilities are also subsidized to do that, so it's an interesting growing trend. So, there is the start, there is potential, and there is potential for explosion when those costs drop. The steps to take for investing are the following. We have to look at the metal used in batteries, perhaps even the easiest way to invest, lithium, cobalt, nickel, etc. Look at the metal used for the infrastructure, copper. What produces the energy? Wind turbines, solar panels, producers of all the other components, inverters, buffers, meters and whatever. Look at the return on investment, look at the political support for the industry and interest rate. The key is to become a specialist in the sector and not just invest in what looks promising. First solar's stock price dropped 95% from 2008 till 2012, and there were other, these cyclical things where the stock is very high when things look good and then extremely low when things don't look that good. So, it's better to invest when things don't look that good, which will happen again. So, just preliminary research in the battery sector, be careful with where you invest, don't invest on promises, really find good stable businesses that are good also now, and that will have a good outcome in the long term. BYD is an interesting stock, the exposure isn't that big because they have a margin as a car maker, not as a battery maker, but if you know more, please let me know in the comments. Thank you for watching, I'll see you in the next video.


He's in a seated position, right? Right. You ever do it standing? I do. First problem. In a seated position everything is written and that's how we close. Don't ever present numbers standing. We close on our seat, we sell on our feet. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson, I noticed a couple of things that are concerning to me. I told you if I found something concerning I would let you know. Where can we sit? Is this where we're going to sit?  I'm going to sit you here. And by the way, just so everybody's aware. If you're ever in a seated position, ever in any industry with somebody, you write it down. You get knee to knee with them.   Rule number one, no numbers ever get presented standing up. How much is it? Well, there's a couple of different ways we can go to really explain it to you. Where's a place we can sit down real quick? Because I want to explain it in case you have any questions. I want you to be able to interrupt me. Is that okay? Where can we sit? See, move them. Shift them. Living room. We're going to the showroom floor. We're going to the F&I office. We're going over here. Can we sit down over here? Does that make sense? You guys still on me? Say, rule number one, if there's ever any money involved, always sit down when you're presenting the money. Okay. How many times have you said, um, how are you doing? Andy Ellie, what's your name? Sam. Sam, nice to meet you. Sam, tell me what we got going on here. I know what you called out. You got a mosquito tree. But talk to me. How many trees we've got on the property? Is there any more damaged trees? What's going on? No. By the way, how long have you lived here? Five years? Nice, man. Does this tree mean a lot to you? They're beautiful. You know how long it takes to grow a mosquito tree? Let me see the size of this thing. Let's go check it out. Hey, do I care about his property? Do I care about the home? I'm excited to see what he's got. Yeah. Listen to me. Order taker, tour guide, or closer. Okay. Now listen. Here's my goal.  Yeah. That's who I want to be. You came to this guy's house. Do you think he plans on being your buddy? Do we need him to be your buddy? Okay. Do you plan on being your buddy? But we're going to make him our buddy. Okay. Do you make people your buddy by acting like a buddy? Yeah. Andy Elliott, how you doing, man? What's your name? Sam. Sam, nice. I spoke to you on the phone. Nice to meet you, buddy. All right. So talk to me. Where are we going? Front yard, backyard? You lead the way. You're the boss. You're in charge. Let's go. Backyard. Let's go. Can we go to the house? Yeah. Can we go around the side? Do you want to take my shoes off? What am I doing? I'm being polite. I care about it. Beautiful tree. Beautiful tree. By the way, while I'm out here today, if I see some other things that look concerning, can I tell you about them? Is that okay? What am I doing? My upsell is right away. Okay. Why? Who's the expert? Who's the authority? Who's the trusted guy? All right. So what did I tell you guys I would teach you today? How to be a master communicator. Now, listen, I want you to understand, a master communicator is something that makes it easy to say yes to. That means whatever I say, it's easy for you to say, yeah, it makes it hard to say no to. That means when I tell you what I want you to do, it's impossible for you to say no to me. And then I make it your idea. We're missing to make it your idea part. As a finance person, it's your job to set up the sell and make it the client's idea. Thank you so much for coming back here today. Remember when the salesman told me you're one of the nicest customers he's had all year. So that's amazing. I can't wait to help you guys out. We're going to sign a little bit of paperwork. Now, before we do that, there's something called risk transfer. Okay. And that's the department I handle. And this is basically the opportunity at this point in time where we can transfer the risk if anything breaks. Now, I'm going to the warranty company. So if something breaks, they'll pay for it. Does that make sense? Cool. Now, how many work and pieces do you think there's on a machine on the car? You're buying a 2020 model. How many work and pieces do you think that they're on their car? 5,000? Thousands? 30,000 work and pieces on a machine. 30,000. They meant these cars pretty in-depth now. Now, the biggest thing is if something goes out on this car, these 30,000s, it's not a matter of if something's going to break, which I'm sure you're looking at a number. It's when. The question is when it breaks, who is going to pay for it?  You or the warranty company. Is that fair? You feel me framing him? Have I asked him to buy anything? No. I just told him we're going to make a decision who's going to handle the risk. We'll transfer. That's all we're going. Because the average per hour labor to put your car in the service department is $200 per hour. That's labor. That's not including a part. The average car goes into the service department for five hours, which means it would be $1,000 in labor. The average part is anywhere between $500 to $600. Let's say it's $500 plus $200 for a diagnostic. Just to have your car in the shop for one time is $1,700. Now I'm not the best at math, but if I was to take $1,700 if it happened in one time in a year, divided by that by 12 months in a year, that's about $120 a month in a small maintenance payment that you'd have to add. Does that make sense? For $450 for only $50 difference, I can actually put a full warranty on this vehicle, where the risk transfer will take these 30,000 working pieces on the machine and will transfer that over to the warranty company so if something happens, when you come in, you don't have to worry about this and they'll take care of it. We know that it's not a matter of if something's going to break, but when? The question is, when it breaks, who wants to pay for it? Would you like to transfer all the risk over to the warranty company at this point? If something breaks, you can walk in, hold the keys in the air, we'll take care of the car and give you something to drive and fix it. Or do you want to handle that and if something happens, you just go back here and figure it out. Would you like me to handle it? Okay, you guys get that? It's risk transfer. What are we doing selling? Guys, do you understand he's not selling me anything? His job is to help me. His job is to get me interested, number one. If you're going to call somebody, there has to be a point in which you say something that's interesting to them. He's just pitching me. I'm not negative. I'm just saying he's pitching me. Guys, can you withdraw money out of the bank account if you don't deposit money into it? No, you can't withdraw that money if you don't deposit money. Some of you guys are like this. I'm like, that's why you're broke. You keep trying to pull money out. You're overdrafted. You ain't putting that in. Hey, what's going on? This is Andy down here at ABC Motors, where you bought your last car from. I was reviewing your account. You need about 30 seconds of your time. It's extremely important. Can I get 30 seconds? Yes. There's a first chance. Beautiful. Hey, number one, do you still have the 2019 Toyota Corolla you bought from us back in 2020? You still got it? I still do. Beautiful. The question number two that I was going to ask you, if you're an old manager or want me to personally reach out, if you still have the vehicle, you want me to ask you one question. If he was willing to offer you more money, more money than what your car was worth, would you mind if I told you how much that was? Can I tell you? Yeah. Is he saying yes? Make it easy to say yes to. Hard to say no to. Make it the client's idea every single time. Is he saying no or yes? How am I doing that? Well, number one, I'm trained. Communication is the disconnect between people spending more money and then people not spending money. The way we communicate stuff with them.


Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome. This is Melissa Armo with a stock swish and I'm doing the final video of the day. And then I have to actually get something done today and go to the gym of Alta. I was going to hold this to $190. I took it all out. I had a very good day today. That is my profit today. I made $6,100. That's a day. I basically, I was trying to make $10,000 on it.  And to make half the money that I wanted to make in 24 hours, I think the smart thing to do was to take it all. It's just such a big bar today. I still think this goes to $190 before the options would have expired. But the reality is that to make half of what I was trying to make, which is I was trying to make $10,000 on it, to make half of that within 24 hours and take it off for the very first options trade I ever took is amazing. That's the first options trade I ever took in my life. $1,000. And my strike price was $185, which had obviously got over here today. But the way I was looking at it was the money I was up then was basically like I was in the money at $187.50. So it was like I would have had to get to $187.50 to make the money I was at today. And so therefore then I really would have had, so then I was like, well, okay, then I would really be in it to $190. And then I'd be like sweating a bullet every day between now and then to get it to $190, which I still think it's going to. But it's had such a big massive bar today that to make five grand today in this in 24 hours, I think it was the right thing to do. I gotta hand it to myself though. I held this. I held this. I held it, held it, held it. And everybody in the room got out of this in the morning and look. So if everybody would have held this, this was doing it. This was doing it today. I said it. This did it today. And this was an amazing call. And to go into a weekend and make over $6,000 in one day, I did two trades today. I mean, this was fantastic. I mean, I actually did the option yesterday in Alta, but I will tell you that if you're, this is why it's all about doing the right thing. Sometimes you can make your goal for the weekend one trade. Sometimes you can make your goal for the weekend one day. Sometimes you make your goal for the weekend two days. I mean, this is day trading. This is why you can't lose a lot. You have to know what to do. You have to be very strategic about what you pick and it's all about the pick. It is all about the pick. It is all about the pick. Alta, there, boom, BKS. And I could have even done that harder today and held it longer. And I had this Alta trade up and I was like thinking about that and I really could have made more BKS today. It doesn't even matter. It doesn't even matter. This is a great call, but I will tell you that everybody in the room got out of it in the morning and I held it.  I was gonna get out of half and hold the rest to 190 and then I'm like, no, it's just $5,000 in 24 hours in an amazing call that I made. And so there it is. That's the end. I'm out of the Alta. This will get to 190. Dream target on this is 200. It's not gonna get to 200 by December 18th. I do think it still can get to 190 by December 18th, but I wasn't gonna take the chance because that's a good amount of money to make in just one trade. So have a great weekend, everyone. And if you're interested in the Golden Gap class, all the specials I'm running expire today and obviously you would've had to be in the room with me today to get the call on Alta, well, yesterday, to get the options call. So have a great day, everyone. Email me at melissathesoxswitch.com if you want more information or you wanna sign up for the class. Thanks, everybody.


Back in 2013 in the ATIS report there was no use case particularly for a consumer that could potentially program the consumer infrastructure that is within itself according to the changing requirements in business or another consumer that is part of the same service provider or an enterprise but I came across an interesting transaction paper on service computing and there I stumbled against the concept of social cloud that is exactly how a consumer could possibly program the consumer infrastructure and they have an academic open source environment they've created to experiment with how virtualization and programming could be done on consumers. To begin with we all know we have concepts of social networking and everything but the concept of social cloud is relatively new where we have the mobile devices which consume the resources of other mobile devices well that's understandable because it's a social cloud but can we think or imagine a social cloud programming for that let's first of all think about the concept of how the friendly relationship could be established like in peer-to-peer community where we have a joint cloud infrastructure that is provided through friendly relationships between multiple customers. The resources are provided by owners as containers or sandboxed virtualized environments on their smart devices to be used by others. These could be used by others as executable environments for instance that is software as a service that exposes access to specific resources like CPU time and memory and storage. Seattle as an example that I've mentioned from the research paper that I'm referring to is an open source educational research platform it comprises multiple entities to realize an end-to-end system where we have a consumer talking to another consumer through an intermediary. So this requires an overlay which is highly distributed and comprises the resources provided by the contributing consumers and a hierarchy of certain network elements, functional elements such as an overlay virtualization layer then we have a node manager and clearinghouse. The virtualization layer enables the users to run various applications. The node manager is another entity we look at it figuratively as well ensures that the users become part of this community through appropriate credentials and authentication mechanisms. Then we have a clearinghouse that is responsible for mixing and matching the resources provided by the consumers and the resources solicited by the consumers. Let's have a look at this in more detail. We've got a social network such as Facebook, WhatsApp and the like. We have the social cloud platform specifically based on the paper that I'm referring to which has a clearinghouse. This clearinghouse has certain sub-components like a preference module where the resources are requested, matching allocation mechanisms like service discovery which is something we've already come across in service-oriented architecture. Then we have certain databases or repositories which are of course referenced like we have a social database and we have a resource database. So this Seattle as an open source peer-to-peer computing platform computes the resources and across a variety of operating systems for instance Windows, Android, Apple and Fedora or Linux community. Then the resources are requested to the consumer and once the consumer agrees through certain authentication mechanism these resources start getting consumed. The beauty or the advantage of having social cloud platform is that similar to peer-to-peer network as the social network grows the responsibility of social cloud platform while remaining fairly high results into a variety of resources which would in turn demand less long-term capital expenditures from the organizations. The paper was referenced and has been taken from transactions on service computing. In fact Dr. Umar Rana, OF Rana at Cardiff University is our good friend and a very senior resource very respectable professor of Pakistani origin. The title of the paper is a social compute platform cloud allocating and sharing infrastructure resources via social networks.


With all this information that we have as Alex introduced how can we then go down to the regional scale and try to do an Assessment that is really local and what we mean for assessment at the regional scale. So just to Bring you to the methodology on how this was done Let's start with another things that was unique for this Latest assessment is the for the first time we can use the word unique unequivocal So it's an equivocal that the human activity are causing climate change We can do this now because we have more evidence. We have longer observational record We have better model and we have much more process understanding. So you start to see that these things comes together they are important and it makes us to move from the From it what it used to be in the past So this is a little bit of the history of the terminology that was going on from the first assessment Reboard until now. So you see that in the first assessment by board the humankind is capable in the second is The balance to just that a discernible human influence on global climate is there on the third We started with the likely confidence interval expression of the confidence we have in Assessing that the human is contributing to the change and we move to the very likely extremely likely now We are today unequivocal So we made a step forward and the other step forward We made is that we could write something like that that climate change is already affecting every region north in multiple way and this change will be Proportional to the warming but how do we really do that? How can we say this is the first time that we can really assess the change on each of the region? And we need to have a methodology the methodology is sketch is represented in these figures here and Exactly what we need to be able to go a such a such Higher resolution scale. Let's say we need to take into consideration To construct the information together with the stakeholder and to take the information many of the things So we need to evaluate the observational data We have the model the literature to understand what is happening then we need to synthesize all this information then we need to Create some distilled climate information and then we need to try to deliver this information through data so on and by Estimating the uncertainty we have we need to use a storyline if it's needed I mean if we want to tell what is the worst case scenario and how likely it is We can use something like storyline and then we can use a good graphic all this information has to be user oriented And to be co-produced with the user so to use a nice catch from Catherine that you will meet this week This is what we do we need to condensate this multiple line of evidence coming from multiple source and try to get a final assessment So let's cut down this in pieces and see how we actually did so the first step for us for all of us working in this process was to Collect the information for each what we call line of evidence So we were asking our self for a specific region in the world that could be South America East Asia Africa North America Do we have enough observation of this specific CID we want to study and if yes For example, we do do we have an attribution study that is telling us that what the observation are showing is due to the Human activity and do we have a projection and which kind of projection do we have? Once the first step is done then we move to the second one and then we assess each of the line of evidence So the confidence the final confidence is obtained from the expert judgment But expert judgment has to take it to account all the tree Line of evidence that we mentioned before so for example We need to ask ourselves do the observed trend agree are they significant do they cover the same period that is very relevant For example for variable like the precipitation are the past trend attributable to the human activity and Are these consistent with what we observe and then last and not least Do the model projection agree and then are these change that we see significant for this region if we can if we are able to say to assess all of this then we can trace all this process in a Fantastic trace mathematics that was just a nightmare for us in which for each region we tried to Note exactly which was the line of evidence Which were the line of evidence we were using and which was the confidence for each of them and then we finally perform the Assessment by using some of the table like the one that Alex showed before but Exactly, what does it mean? So let's try to understand how this process work. I mean, how do we assess this light of evidence? Let's start from the observation. Do we have observed trend? We have observed and we can use a different kind of source. We have Global data set for example This is an observed trend from there for the precipitation. We have original this asset This is temperature and this is again precipitation. How can we reconcile the two? So one is coming from the global one is coming from the region the data set are different are detailing us the same things if yes, if there is a kind of confidence then we can say yes, it's significant if not we have to To be able to say it's not significant. So I cannot use this information in my assessment Then the second step is the attribution. What does it mean to have something attributed to the To the the human activity. So let's think to have some PDF like a distribution of events that belong to the past and then think that some suddenly in a certain point of time You have okay, you have sorry the past and then you can have a future then in a certain point of time Something happened that just follow over there, but it's happening today like for example the flood there been a recent very high damaging flood in Italy There are many usually in the fall season and everywhere else Bangladesh and everywhere else So if these events happen, how can we say if these events belongs to the past or to the future? So this is the question we need to answer So we need to create a framework by which we create a factual and counterfactual Words and we analyze these two words in a way that we can then Attribute these events. There are several way to do this work This is just an example for you. If you're curious, you can use method that are called analog methods So you go and look some atmospheric analog for the specific events. So this is one specific events This is the Mediterranean heat peak on August 2021. So this is for example, the Means a level pressure field. This is the temperature and this is the the total the total precipitation I think and And this basically if I take these events, I will look for analog in the past So I will divide my period the observed period I have in two. I will look for analog in the past and In the more near future I make the difference between the two and try to assess how significant is the difference Like for example in this case the difference in temperature Corresponding to this atmospheric part is quite significant and positive But we can also use another method like a steady more statistical method for which we have a time series of some Observable one CID for example precipitation. This is an example for the Liguria extreme precipitation 2021 we make the same Game we divide our time series in two So and we call it the factual and counterfactual word where the factual word is the word where you live now The counterfactory is the word of the past then we use the extreme value theory We fit our time series and we see how is changing a return period of a specific event And if this change is significant if this is significant this means that these events although is happening In the today world bodies due to the action of the two human actions. So the warm is due to global warming Okay, then we can put all these things together as we have done in the IPCC and then create those observed map and Attributed for which we have three for example CID the heat extreme the heavy precipitation and the drought for each of the region Of the world so the hexagon are the region This is the mad region where we are today and for each of these we can see if the trend is Significant or not. So if the region is colored the trend is significant if you have one two or three dot you have different Confidence for the attribution of these events we can use all this information and then move To the process understanding and climate projection. So once we have the observation the attribution What about the projection can we? understand why our climate model are telling us that for example in the South Southeast South America region, there would be an increase of precipitation in the future So these are the projection coming from the global model from the regional model. What do I do? I need to use all of them. I need to reconcile this with the observation I need to have a mechanism and understanding of what is happening there if I have all the three of them Together with the attribution hopefully then I can be sure that this signal what I see projected in the past in the future. It's With high confidence. So it's very likely that this will be the Projected part I can do this also for another region like the Mediterranean same story. I have my Observation this is the example for the Mediterranean summer warning. I can use my the observation the observation are telling me that the Mediterranean is The trend in the Mediterranean is of warming is in summer. It's quite Heavident then I can use I can look and see if the model can reproduce this trend are the model and the Observation agreeing on this front. I can build the heat map here See how the distribution looks like and then do I have a process that explain? Why is this happening? Yes, I do in this case I can sketch out which is the process that I see the influence of the warm atlantic auction There is there is a influence of the warm atlantic ocean the reduction of the aerosol the drying of the surface That is a positive feedback I can put all these together and then I can say okay this signal It's real. So there is high confidence and I can come up with the final assessment saying that there is high confidence that in the Mediterranean region as Experienced a summer temperature increase in recent decade that is faster than the increase for the north hemisphere summer mean and also there is an eye confidence that this Will keep going on with the global when the global warming level would rise This is the procedures that we have followed for each of the region, but also we made the the step to use not only the time horizon as As a methodology, but also the global warming level of rise on so if I have a signal so if I have the global mean temperature that is rising and then I Have several scenario. I can see one for example for a specific scenario I'm crossing a certain level of global warming level the 1.5 or the 2 and these of course will be in a different window either Closer to us or far away from us So I can use instead of the time reference the global warming reference I can do this because I can track for each of the global warming model from the global for each of the global model, which is the crossing time of the specific global warming level and I can use this new reference framework to Build my assessment if I do this then they come up with a final finding that was That was our regional assessment Point for the SPM in which we say that with further global warming every region is projected to increase Increasingly experienced concurrent multiple change in climatic impact driver change in several climatic impact driver Would be more widespread at two degree compared to one degree and even more widespread for ideal warming So then we can summarize this in some table that are the one that Alex already Explained connecting each CD which it with with each of the region for all the part of the words and then finally We can handle this information as from working group to just ready to the group from from working one to the working group To why it's this not working The animation was not working was just the handling handling of the information from the working one to the working group to and then This gives a nice introduction for the following talk that will come but after coffee. Thank you


Hey guys, it's Nate, aka the Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. We most likely have another guaranteed team of the season pack coming today on this game. And I think that is going to present an opportunity to buy some cards based off of the market movements we saw yesterday and how we expect things to go down today with a guaranteed community Tots pack expected to drop today. So we're going to talk about that and also you might need to check your club because there might be some players in your club right now that are selling for crazy prices because of one specific SPC that EA dropped yesterday on this game So I'll take a look at that and some more team of the season leaks and news and what we're expecting on the market next couple of days with all That unfolding for primarily Tots just around the corner if you're excited for a video drop a thumbs up on it And of course subscribe if you are new we're gonna go over the content yesterday because there was actually Four new SPC's dropped. It didn't feel like it was that exciting of a day before SPC's There's a lot going on there. First of all, I want to talk about the player SPC that we had the below I believe is how you pronounce his name the J is silent. I am told but This is a nice air-to-visey goalkeeper card that if you're running some Dutch or air-to-visey links in your team This is a very cheap and doable goalkeeper SPC that fits in nicely now I feel like this SPC was slept on yesterday because everything else that was going on not a lot of people like it It does link nicely if you're running air-to-visey squads if you take a look around the rest of the market Some goalkeepers are absolutely in the mud kind of just you know secretly not many people talking about this yesterday Shezny dropped from 65k to 45,000 coins. I know we have Premier League Tots upcoming I know that there have been a lot of UVA links at least recently with the Benucchi It's been very hyped you to Rabio recently, right? So I mean keep an eye on some of these goalkeepers that dropped off a lot yesterday I didn't even realize that right away that serve was some definite drop price drops on goalkeepers as people were doing this SPC and linking to the Tots cards that are out right now like your Trudeburg wine and all that stuff So that was kind of a less hype SPC yesterday, but it did create some movements now The other SPCs that did make movements first of all the return of that five gold rare Netherlands players pack Inside of the SPC called the e-divisi final, which is going to be I guess a pro event. It's upcoming I've also never seen an SPC with a QR code on the actual SPC picture there But this SPC we're going to be able to do again today It's pretty easy to do it's pretty cheap and you get that five rare gold Dutch players pack that crashed the entire market on Saturday this weekend, but this pack is untradable this time But it's probably worth doing just because of course there are so many Dutch Tots cards that are impacts right now That you could get something good from that didn't really impact the market though because it was again Untradable but one that you can do every single day So maybe watch out and try to do that one today on this game Now the other SPCs that we had that moved things air to visit Tots upgrade We're going to talk about that in a second the bigger one that we had yesterday like Nate That was the big one there to visit Tots upgrade. Well, no this one the Tots challenge 3 Which everybody did of course to get the XP in 86 double is the pack you get inside of which is almost like a guaranteed Tots not quite but very high percentage chance of a Tots card. I know some people are going to be saving this for primarily Tots Upcoming but the reason this impacted the market so much is because it is tough to get this SPC done 81 rated 31 chemistry It's hard It only a certain number of players can be used to get this done with a certain number of combinations And that is making some specific players on this game go up like crazy, right? You could take a look at some of the SPC solutions inside of this and see right away That there are some crazy high prices You guys might need to check your clubs because there are players that are selling for like nine to ten thousand coins right now on This market because they have the links, right? I mean 1700 for La Sander Martinez This is also a great opportunity that if you'd like to trade with SPC solutions SPC solution trading right now would be absolutely Insane Bergeis is 900 coins. I doubt it's gonna stay that way also position change and Trading with that like Bergeis is a cam card, but if you put the right wing position change on him I bet he's selling for a lot more than 900 coins on this market right now But players like soccer yesterday Ramsdale You know Eric Dyer. I saw was 8,000 coins. Look at all these guys 8,000 coins for him Ferran Torres was another one That was all the way up I believe at around eight to nine thousand coins check your clubs guys because there are some random players Like like I packed yesterday just from a regular gold pack that I got from doing one SPC All of a sudden I had a Townsend and a Watkins in my club that were 8,400 and 9,700 coins a piece at the time So the prices were probably a little bit higher yesterday when the SPC first dropped but the prices are still high So make sure you check your club a lot of players that are up in price are from the top Five leagues and also top nine nation because you can only have max two nations and max two leagues I believe it is in that SPC. I haven't done it yet I'm gonna wait till after rivals rewards to get it done So maybe the prices are just a little bit cheaper as a lot of people I think are playing rivals this week with just the Tots demand going probably have a little bit more impact there tomorrow But that is crazy check your club for any of those players that could be ridiculously high in price because of that Tots challenge number three and like I'm gonna do I'm gonna save that pack guys I'm gonna save that for the Premier League team this season coming this weekend because that's kind of where my mind is shifting We're getting close to Premier League Tots, but today we should have one last guaranteed SPC that could kind of regain the focus back on a community Tots for some trading and we'll talk about that in a second because We're gonna bounce off of that idea with this air to busy Tots upgrade yesterday They dropped it it was cheap 84 rated squad and a lot of people did it It's not that expensive, but it gets a nice at least a fodder Tots card in your club If you're doing some player picks you get some 83s You get some 84s you throw this together and it's really easy to do now You look at the air to busy team of the season cards and you see some of their prices Especially on the more meta guys are up and that is because this is a very common trend that we see every single year I was kind of waiting to talk about it too much until we saw it happen yesterday But this is a common trend we have every single here is people wait for the guaranteed Tots pack To try to pack the card that they want to buy for their team They don't get it and they go out and buy it Javi Simon 775 yesterday after the SPC drops or right around the time of the SPC dropping He goes all the way up to almost 900,000 coins after that as people didn't pack it from the guaranteed SPC they go out on the market and They buy him also with these cards nearing the end of their time in packs, right? It's Wednesday. They're not a ton of supply up coming still for these cards People were fearing that as well and they were looking to that as a buy time same thing happened with Bergwine I bought like three bergwines yesterday in the panic, you know It's best to look at cards like a bergwine like this who is you know very in-demand But also he's gonna get packed a few times from an air to visit Tots upgrade. I actually packed him from my upgrade He went from 72 K down to 64 I sniped three of them at 64 65 and I sold them at 77 to lazy's literally in the couple hours after that as People went right back to the market to buy these cards So that is the market movement that we're gonna be focusing on a lot today And I think there's a lot of potential to actually buy Community Tots players today on this game Let's dive right into the conversation because I know there's a lot of you guys that maybe you want to buy these guys for your team You want to try them out? So you want to buy them? I'm looking at a couple of specific players from this team that I think could be going further up in price today After or maybe even right when the community Tots guaranteed SPC is dropped well first things first a Community Tots guaranteed SPC is expected for today But I still don't think there's a pack in the code and if there's not one added before content today Watch out for a foot scoreboard on Twitter for maybe a leak there That could be a big question mark and maybe some of this would not even happen But we expect to have a community Tots pack. It's it's a staple every single year. We get a guaranteed Tots upgrade We've talked about it in the past couple of days now Guaranteed Tots community team in season how much it's gonna cost first of all It's not gonna be as cheap as it was last year in my opinion last year It was dirt cheap, but the squad last year was a lot cheaper as well It was 40,000 coins last year was basically one Tots and an 84 rated squad almost the same as Yesterday's air to busy Tots upgrade just with the team of season player required And that's why it's nice to have team of season players in the club So that you're ready to go for all the upcoming upgrade packs that are gonna require Tots cards And maybe that's a reason why you do the air to busy upgrade even though you're not expecting to pack anything Saying from it, but I would think they would make it a little more expensive this year I could see an 85 or maybe an 86 rated squad for a community team this season guaranteed Yes, you do have a lot of players in here like tavern here. Who's really cheap. You've got rice You've got okay. You've got some lower tier cards in here Maratha Kim and Jay He's not that cheap but kind of cheap compared to where the SBC value probably is gonna be you got a lot of expensive players too Man to romcom on Jesus Sanchez Rodrigo, you still have three put four players with Bernardo Silva over a million coins I think this SBC today might be the most expensive community Tots upgrade that we have seen I think 85s are a good club stock here at about 8.5 K They're low again We talked about this in the stream earlier today that these guys just seem to drop every single night But the weekend league is ending this morning And I think that's where some of the supplies coming from those rewards that are continuously open During the first two days this week when they're normally not that's impacting the fodder price is a little bit differently And of course the store packs that are out So I look at 85s today because I just think that might be the sweet spot for you put a tots card into an 80 86 rated squad 85 rated squad and then what are you gonna need to fill out the rest that squad with probably 84s and 85s You know as the tots players are all 88 and above So that's why I think the 85s could be a good look today because I think they're gonna make the Community team as he's guaranteed if it drops today a bit more expensive now once that SBC drops What we're going to be doing is watching the market very closely I think this is an opportunity to a maybe buy a card for your team if you want to risk it a little bit I know that a lot of you guys want to buy a guy like Taram. You're like Nate When can I buy this Taram card? He's been hovering around 330 to 360 K between the last couple of days today. This is gonna be a card as an 89 rated He's gonna get packed a decent amount from a community tots upgrade pack And because of that people are going to be selling the card that they have in their club tradable And that's where you see the price drops. That's why bergwein dropped yesterday That's why gear Truita dropped yesterday But they went back up afterwards because the people that wanted to actually buy them didn't pack them Right, so you have a combination of people packing the card They already own tradable listing it up on the market You have this window of about maybe an hour probably less than that of card prices that drop on some of these guys And then they end up going back up because you pick the cards that are the most meta and popular And then their prices just kind of go rising back up So guys that I would be very interested in watching today for this exact same type of fluctuation Would be first of all Taram Okay, and if I had to go for another lower budget option, I would look at Ben Aser I know that the syria team this season isn't like on the doorstep, you know, we got prim next But I would watch Ben Aser and Robertson as well because those who could in the middle to lower tier cards that are not super expensive But they're cards that people maybe want to buy for their team and that are going to get packed somewhat Often in those guaranteed community tots packs Of course, we're gonna see a lot of the hey a deckland rice tavernier came in Jay and stuff like that But you know, I'll case I think you're gonna pop a decent amount today to round being 8 and rated I think he's gonna get packed a decent amount as well, but there's a lot of demand for these guys So I think that's gonna be a really great opportunity to trade I'm not saying their prices are just gonna absolutely go to the moon from here on, you know To the rest of the year, but for the short term next couple of days into this weekend These are some of the most affordable tots cards that people can get right now in this game And it's still very high because the first team of team this season So I feel pretty confident about these guys having some very healthy fluctuations today Should be a really good time to trade with them or be by some of them for your team But that's kind of how the fluctuation works, right? Like we looked at with the air to visit cards yesterday There's a bit of a panic and then the prices just kind of go straight up now Just really quickly. Let's cover ton of the top tier cards, right? This is the this is the fluctuation 60 K SBC comes out boom down and then kind of right back up in the hours Afterwards guys like Gabriel Jesus Alexis Sanchez and Rodrigo. I mean look at Javi Simons yesterday You know, you see the price going up almost instantly afterwards if there is any panic selling on those three guys also Including Bernardo Silva in there if there is any drops in prices before the SBC comes out today I would look at buying those cards then right if there's any dips like this You saw I mean Alexis Sanchez is 1.35 almost right now He was 127 if there's any sell-off before the SBC for your top tier most meta cards and community tots I would look to buy those then before the SBC comes out The only thing that could impact those cards would be that primarily tots coming this weekend and the big cards That could be dropped during that that's the only other thing that could make those guys just drop with some panic selling Right and that goes for all of these cards That's a little bit of the risk that is still out there But I think there's just so much demand For gameplay with these tots cards as the only tots cards in the game right now that you're gonna see some positive movements there So we talked about that plenty, but really I'm gonna be watching that like really really closely late The community tots cards how they move on the market because it should be a good day to make some coins there Now the market in general prices are still Chilling right there's stuff that is up a little bit stuff that is kind of down a little bit I mean the tots cards in general we talked about it I sold off all the ones that I was trying to flip and trade with because Yesterday heading into the content because I felt like yesterday was kind of the peak and it definitely was okay Was 240,000 coins come on was 570 again I sold my Rodrigo at 1.61 now some cards are still up a little bit from where they were And especially if you go to the out-of-packs market, you know like furlen mendee who you saw my transfer list He was uncharacteristically low yesterday at like 550,000 coins I picked up two there and now he's over like around 600k So I picked one up at 532 and 550 sold on both at 600 and 610k right around there So there are still good trades to be had on the out-of-packs market I picked up to Philip Lam trophy Titans for 310 and 320 I think is where I bought them at and he is all the way up to now I believe like 370. I just had one sell that might have been a lazy sale But he's not too far off of 370 I might just hop on some of these bids still because there are some low prices out there and fluctuations are still good It's really just kind of like we're ending in the weekend league The gameplay demand is kind of less now because week and league is over But then right around the corner heading into this weekend. It's gonna start to ramp up again So like we've been talking about with Premier League special cards Keep an eye on Prem specials because whether you buy before we get the Premier League Tots team or the leagues for those Later on this week or if you want to buy and wait until Friday I'm kind of leaning towards waiting till Friday on some of these cards because of how things transpired Last week remember the lowest point was on Thursday But I think it might be different this week because the markets a lot healthier and everybody is not like just Waiting for team and season to start like team and season is here now a lot of prices have started to go back up already So that's kind of where I'm at. It's gonna be a mixed kind of bag for me I've already started to buy a couple Prem Special cards that are out of packs that I think could rise like I have the salads that I bought earlier in the week I still have the hockey is that I bought it like 190.  That's why I already picked up those cards and why I'm holding them But still continue to watch that market because those are gonna be really good buys heading on to the future as well I really like those Prem out of pack specials, but with the confirmation of another leak That we had yesterday from foot share it. He tweeted out ASM now. We've talked about ASM We've been wondering where this SBC is and he tweeted out yesterday. He said ASM is coming as a Tots moment He's already leaked this card. So he's kind of just like building the hype again I guess I'm not entirely sure why he's tweeting this again because he already tweeted it sir St. Maximon was in now. He doesn't say SBC in The graphic here, but in the graphic it does say SBC guys I'm kind of torn between because this would be an insane card in packs But I really feel like this could be our Friday SBC player now the more that I look at it The more that I feel it out it might be our comparison to the arojo that we had dropped last Friday during community Tots This might be our card this Friday for Premier League Tots again unknown We'll still have to see I was hoping that would be during this week But you know it is what it is with Alan St. Maximon coming though just as we've mentioned before It's gonna depend on how much they upgrade this card for the price and for how much hype it has But he is just an ASM card in this game It's just gonna bring hype regardless of the price just like foot birthday Conte and foot birthday and cuckoo did which is why I'm being Very careful and I'm gonna probably stay away almost entirely from Premier League left wings and left mids Even though Martinelli has been an absolutely insane card to trade with for me over these past couple of days I don't want to be a buying a card like this where there's when there's potential going to be an Alan St. Maximon coming out this weekend that people would be selling this card to go and do that SBC or maybe like Mudrick Right another card that I have really wanted to trade with and I even have this week But I don't think I'm gonna try to invest in him for a rise this weekend if we have a potential St. Maximon coming whether it's in packs or As an SBC if it comes in packs then there's probably more potential to buy the other ones But if it's an SBC people will craft that if it's anywhere near reasonable value And there will be some panic on those prim left mid So I'm being very careful with those and kind of riding those off. I guess you could say Even a guy like Marcial Anthony Marcial who's more of a striker you would think he's got left mid position change on this card He could be affected by a player like Alan St. Maximon at first and some panic selling But then maybe after his SBC comes out He could go up because he's also French and in the Premier League, which would be good links for a Marcial card So just something to think about there with that leak as there's still a lot of hype and potential there for that Card to be coming as an SBC really soon now at the same time today on Wednesday What are we gonna be getting today that could move some things on the market? I'm looking at this a Betty Pele because hopefully today on Wednesday. We get some fantasy foot upgrades We're expecting an upgrade still on Alexis Sanchez pop in and that a Betty There might be some other cards, but these are the three most hyped specifically the Alexis Sanchez and the a Betty Pele because the final Upgrade for not losing a game during the entire six game stretch these cards were dropped what at the end of March Man, it's been a long road for this Alexis fantasy foot But here we are he's gonna go to a 94 and get three new traits Which I'm guessing one of them I don't even know what he's gonna get like flair passes or I don't know But he's already got finished out flair and outside foot so the trait additions may not feel that I guess needed for Alexis Sanchez But if you have this card today watch when the upgrade happens I would probably try to sell in the hype if he goes up a little bit when the upgrade happens Maybe you take the cash there, but same thing with a Betty Pele. I've been watching this guy. He's been a great flip He goes between like one point zero two one point zero three and right now look He's one point one four with only a couple cards to one point two mil So there's a lot of great flipping opportunity with these cards But if the upgrades happen today, I think their prices will fall off a couple hours after the upgrade So just be careful with the timing there And if you don't want to risk it as always sell on the hype with those types of live cards because they won't be live Anymore people will say no, they they're gonna go further They might go up a little bit further But after that people that I've invested are gonna start selling and those prices are going to go down now also today We didn't see that true quasi objective I'm still kind of scratching my head on what this e figs tauts player objective is going to be because it's supposed to be Out during this week. It says each week. So I guess due all into maybe is that guy? I don't know but today is a Wednesday, right? And Wednesdays always means silver stars So I would expect to see a silver star just like we saw last week with Haji, right another silver star today But also there's going to be some XP involved in that so that we can get ourselves some more season progress So if you're kind of following along and moving along as fast as you can inside a season progress I think today might be a day where people might be able to hit level 15 I think I said it was about to be available I'm definitely behind on some of the XP But with that big objective coming today definitely keep an eye on that because that might be the first I guess I haven't seen too many people talking about casserole Maybe he'll be claimable today if we get silver stars as some additional XP So watch out for that the community tauts guaranteed SPC is really the big one for today Of course, you've got the refreshers of the 85 times 5 and you've got the refresh of that e-divisie Dutch Gold players pack so other than that really a lot of player picks are being done right now in this game And it's just kind of like you know there is stuff to do with the cup mode and stuff like that But also I feel like at the moment some people that have already finished up the cup mode They finished up some of those other things are feeling like this tauts is lacking a little bit like we haven't had There's not a super crazy grind right now I mean there is little bits here and there that you can grind but without spending coins for golds on player picks It's not like the best grind ever at least BPM is working pretty decent right now I hear so that's nice one thing I will note as well today's kind of a you know a sad day I guess in FIFA for the fact that there's no more team of the weeks coming after to after today Especially with this comma vinga no more team of the weeks in FIFA No more team of the weeks legit ever if you think about it because this is the the last FIFA or the last team of FIFA I guess it couldn't say ever because there might be team of the weeks in EAFC next year I would probably imagine that there will be but this is the last team of the week of the year it's going on a pack today, so our IP to team of the weeks audios and Yeah, if you've invested in team of the week cards You're probably hoping that they keep rising as they're not in packs. Although. I do believe we will get an 81 plus Double or an 81 plus team of the week upgrade here in the next coming weeks Just so you can kind of curb those price rises if they start to happen So that's gonna be the video for today guys. We're gonna be opening Todd's guaranteed packs today.  I mean it was a woeful experience So hopefully the cup can treat us better and I gotta qualify for this upcoming weekend league where it really matters, right? That was a bad warm-up weekend for community Todd's this weekend for Prem is where it really matters So if you enjoyed the video today drop it up on a comment down below if you have any questions and subscribe for You see you guys in the stream today. It's been Nathan for the counter. Catch you guys there. Peace