Welcome to NTN Nightly, I am General Norvel, this edition's top stories. St. Lucia records 20 new cases of COVID-19 as the CMO calls for an end to the stigmatization of patients. The Department of Economic Development builds internal capacity to implement the 2020-2023 strategic plan and St. Lucia discusses better health for men and boys on this International Men's Day. First day November 19, 2020, the Ministry of Health received confirmation of 20 new cases of COVID-19. This brings the total number of cases diagnosed in country to date to 203. 10 of the cases are non-nationals. Two of these cases are visitors to St. Lucia. Case number 186 is a 28-year-old female visitor and case number 190 is a 29-year-old male visitor. Both of these individuals arrived in St. Lucia on Monday, November 16, 2020. On arrival, they went through the established screening processes and based on the fact that they did not have the approved test, they were required to undergo COVID-19 testing in country. They proceeded to a COVID-19 approved accommodation where they were placed in quarantine pending their results. The individuals are now being placed in isolation. The Ministry of Health has commenced contact tracing as per protocol. On Sunday, November 15, 2020, a cargo ship arrived into St. Lucia carrying 11 crew members. After reports of respiratory illness among some of the crew members, they were all assessed and tested for COVID-19 and were placed in quarantine on the vessel. The Ministry of Health received confirmation that eight of the crew members have tested positive for COVID-19. These are cases number 185, number 187, number 188, number 189, number 192, number 195, number 197 and number 202. These individuals are currently in isolation and receiving care. Out of the 20 cases of COVID-19 reported, 10 of them are St. Lucia Nationals. After being assessed and tested for COVID-19, they were placed in quarantine while awaiting their results. Five of these cases were identified through the contact tracing process and an epidemiological link has been established for these five cases. Investigations are ongoing to determine the existence of any additional epidemiological links associated with these cases. As per protocol arrangements have been made to place these individuals into care. Case number 184 is an 18-year-old female from the Castries District. Case number 191 is a 32-year-old female from the Castries District. Case number 193 is a 48-year-old male from the Castries District. Case number 194 is a 47-year-old male from the Grosjele District. Case number 196 is a 20-year-old male from the Castries District. Case number 198 is a 50-year-old female from the Miko District. Case number 199 is a 34-year-old female from the Grosjele District. District. Case number 200 is a 47-year-old female from the Groseley District. Case number 201 is an 18-year-old female from the Castries District. Case number 203 is a 27-year-old female from the Babano District. All of these individuals, after being assessed and tested for COVID-19, were placed in quarantine by healthcare practitioners. Meantime, Chief Medical Officer Dr. Sharon Belmart-George has called for an end to discrimination and stigmatization of persons diagnosed with the virus. Over the past three weeks, a number of individuals in care have recovered and been discharged from care. It is important that families, communities, workplaces and the wider society help in creating a supportive environment which will reduce the fear or concerns of individuals who are returning to their daily routines after recovery. An individual who has been diagnosed with COVID-19 needs the comfort of familiar faces and places to help in their reintegration as this helps with their emotional and mental well-being. As such, the Ministry of Health and Wellness makes an appeal to everyone to be compassionate and avoid stigma towards individuals who have been diagnosed with COVID-19. Let us continue to practice the infection prevention and control guidelines that will help to reduce the exposure to the virus. Wash and sanitize your hands often during the day.  Sanitize frequently touched surfaces often using a bleed solution and maintain the separation of 6 feet from others which is about 2 arms length. If experiencing flu-like symptoms, keep away from others and seek medical care immediately at the closest respiratory clinic. Also avoid contact with others who may have flu-like symptoms. The high incidences of non-communicable diseases in the Caribbean has raised concern about the vulnerability of the population to COVID-19. More than 90% of COVID-19 deaths in the region were that of nationals with underlying non-communicable diseases. Hermadi Mark picks up the story. Caricam's lead head of government for health and Prime Minister for St. Kittonnevis, Honourable Dr. Tirmafi Harris, is calling on small island developing states, SIDS, to combat non-communicable diseases in CDs as a means of fighting COVID-19 and lowering fatalities associated with the pandemic. Addressing the 2020 World Health Summit, Honourable Dr. Harris explains that over 90% of COVID-19 deaths were people with NCDs. He says in the absence of a vaccine, prevention and control of the people living with NCDs, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes and heart disease can lessen the impact of the coronavirus on small island developing states. Honourable Dr. Tirmafi Harris says one way of achieving this is through the Defeat NCDs partnership. The Defeat NCD partnership is a practical approach to achieve sustainable development goals 3.4, which demands that by 2030, there be a reduction by one third in terms of premature deaths due to NCDs through prevention and treatment and the promotion of mental health and well-being. Honourable Dr. Harris urged global leaders in health and national governments to recognize the COVID-19 pandemic as a signal to strengthen health systems and to reduce non-communicable diseases. When that happens, we can then aspire to a healthier global population and reduce risk from future pandemics. By supporting the Defeat NCD partnership, we can build back better from the COVID-19 crisis. The Defeat NCDs partnership was launched in September of 2018. It helps countries with low resources tackle premature deaths, sickness and disabilities from non-communicable diseases and also aims to reduce the social and economic impact of NCDs. From the Government Information Service, Hermione Mark reporting. In other COVID-related news on 11 November 2020, the UK and Chile hosted a virtual seminar on COVID-19 vaccines access, finance and distribution as part of efforts to strengthen international and regional cooperation, ensuring fair and equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines. St. Lucia's Ministry of Health officials and representatives from more than 30 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean were joined by leaders and experts from the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, the World Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, the Inter American Development Bank, the Caribbean Development Bank and the Caribbean Public Health Agency. The event discussed the COVAX facility, the global initiative working with governments and manufacturers to ensure COVID-19 vaccines are available worldwide to economies of all financial means. The vast majority of governments across the Caribbean have now signed up to COVAX, which will allow for rapid access to safe and effective vaccines once they receive regulatory approval. The UK has so far committed up to 829 million pounds of new UK aid funding for the development and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, treatments and tests to ensure new tools are available to all, including the world's poorest countries and 5 million pounds for other critical COVID-19 research and development. The UK Foreign Secretary recently co-hosted an event at the UN General Assembly in support of these objectives, with the UK committing up to 500 million pounds to the COVAX Advanced Market Commitment. The Caribbean is the hardest region hit by COVID-19 economically. Secretary-General of Caricum Irina Rock spoke to the issue during the 10th High-Level Forum on the Republic of Korea-Caribbean Partnership, more from Michelle Nurse of Caricum News Time. While Caricum has been a relatively successful in managing the health aspects of COVID-19, the pandemic has had a devastating impact on the mostly tourism-dependent countries which are also affected by climate change and the challenges of sourcing financing. In his keynote address to the 10th High-Level Forum, on Korea-Caribbean Partnership held on the 11th of November, Ambassador Irina Rock, Caricum Secretary-General, provided insight on how the pandemic is affecting the region and what it will take to recover. Indeed, the pandemic has had a devastating effect on the overall economy in Caricum states. Caricum has been acknowledged as being the worst-hit region economically amongst all developing countries. Revenue losses associated with the virus average between 30 to 40 percent. Overall, most countries are projected to experience double-digit contractions in economic activity in 2020. The International Monetary Fund has forecast an average decline of 13 percent for the region, but some Caricum countries will experience a decline as high as 20 percent. This projection could worsen in light of the reinstatement of lockdown measures in tourism-sourced countries in Europe. Caricum's recovery will be undertaken from a position on which the IMF has concluded that the sudden stop in tourist arrivals and the local lockdowns was equivalent to a cardiac arrest. The Secretary-General pointed out to the delegates who joined the forum virtually from across different time zones. Our community has several proposals to mitigate the risks in response to the crisis, as well as provide support to save better lives and maintain livelihoods. These include 1. refinancing COVID-related debt into long-term low-interest bonds, thereby postponing the debt servicing payments into the foreseeable future. 2. Comprehensive debt relief for small, vulnerable, middle-income states like Caricum. And 3. Designing a variety of resilience financial instruments aimed at mobilizing and providing appropriately priced funding to build economic and climate resilience. Caricum looks forward to the support of countries such as South Korea to advocate for these issues on its behalf, particularly in forests such as the G20 and the OECD Development Assistance Committee, where decisions with a global impact are taken and our member states do not have a voice. He said the economic recovery of member states will no doubt depend to quite an extent on external factors. But building back better using the already established Caricum Single Market and Economy presents the best platform for achieving economic and climate resilience, as well as sustainable growth and development, he said. COVID-19 is a new pandemic disease as declared by the World Health Organization. It is transmitted directly by respiratory droplets when an affected person coughs or sneezes, or indirectly through rubbing the face with contaminated hands. There is still no specific treatment or vaccine against COVID-19, and as such, the farming community should adhere to some special recommendations. Limit the number of crew members to only essential persons. Practice frequent hand washing and cleaning of all boat surfaces. Limit contact with the public, keeping a safe distance between each person. Limit unnecessary conversation with customers and pairs during the sale of fish. Wash hands frequently with soap and running water, or use 60-95% alcohol-based hand sanitizer until water and soap are available. Sneeze and cough in a flexed elbow or into a tissue, immediately discarding the used tissue into a bin, and wash hands with soap and water, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer until soap and water is available. And avoid close contact with persons having respiratory symptoms. More than ever before, your important role as gatekeepers of St. Lucia's nutritional health and food security should be taken seriously. When you exercise these precautions, you not only safeguard your health, but also continue to allow all St. Lucia's access to freshly caught fish and other seafood. Remember, it is our responsibility to ensure our nation eats fresh St. Lucia's best. Welcome back. To ensure successful delivery of the medium-term development strategy and other products of the Department of Economic Development, a strategic plan for 2020-2023 has been launched to build internal capacity of that department. Jesse Laos has that report. Institutional arrangements have critical importance for planning and implementation of adaptation and mitigation actions. With this in mind, the Division of Economic Development has launched a strategic plan for the period 2020-2023 that will establish a clear strategic direction and optimize its operational efficiency, relationship with stakeholders, and capacity to deliver on its mandate. A ceremony was recently held to mark the occasion. Claudius Emanuel is the Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Economic Development, Housing, Urban Renewal, Transport and Civil Aviation. Today's launch of this strategic plan, therefore, is a decisive effort at reasserting the crucial role that the Division must play in contributing to St. Lucia's socioeconomic development. As a resource for small island developing states, there are many structural features which we cannot directly change. However, the effective and efficient utilization of the limited available resources is something that is directly within our locus of control. As such, we are obliged to do all that is possible to strengthen our institutional frameworks. Priority initiatives of the Division's four-year strategic plan include national discussions on local, regional and international socioeconomic trends, human resource and capacity development, prioritizing resources based on annual work programs aligned to government's priorities, and monitoring, evaluation and delivery on flagship products of the Reformed Public Sector Investment Plan, that is the PSIP, and medium-term development strategy, MTDS. Having launched the 2020- 2023 medium-term development strategy, this strategic plan will invariably buttress and complement the implementation of this landmark development policy instrument for St. Lucia. Working in tandem, these two critical policy instruments will serve as the guiding document of the Division as well as St. Lucia and the many development partners and stakeholders. At the minimum, it will dispel the uncertainty regarding what the Division does and the value proposition it offers. That was Tommy Descartes, Chief Economist in the Division of Economic Development, Minister for Economic Development, Housing, Urban Renewal, Transport and Civil Aviation Honourable Guy Joseph commends personnel within the Division for their contribution toward the indigenous drafting of the strategic plan. He looks forward to its successful implementation. I don't want what we have planned to become another set of documents on the shelf or on a hard drive. As a country, we ought to know what we need, how do we plan for it, and how do we achieve it? That is the key because we can have the best plan on paper. If we cannot achieve it, it is as good as the paper that it is written on. In congratulating the Division staff on the launch of their strategic plan and commending them for their efforts to date enrolling out the medium-term development strategy, Prime Minister Hon. Alan Shasne indicated that the MTDS projects have helped tremendously in generating revenues and stabilizing the economy. We got our October numbers and I think it was $89 million in tax revenue for the month of October and the goal was 103. So we have come a long ways. I mean we were at $1.50 million, I think one month we did $44 million in tax revenue. So we're seeing that we can, the combination of the construction, the ICT sector, as well as what we're seeing in tourism, that is working and a large part I want to say thank you to all of you. The launch of the Division of Economic Development Strategic Plan for 2020 to 2023 was held on November 5th at the Finance Administrative Centre in Point Seraphine. For the Government Information Service, I am Jesse Leance reporting. Prime Minister of the Honourable Alan Shasne and Minister for Gender Relations Hon. Dr. Gil Rigabet joined in celebrating the contribution of men to the development of St. Glutia on the occasion of International Men's Day. International Men's Day celebrated annually on the 19th of November. This year's observance is being held under the theme Better Health for Men and Boys. This theme focuses on the improvement and enhancement of the health and well-being of the male population across the world. On Wednesday, the International Men's Network in collaboration with the Department of Gender Relations held a Boys to Men conference in an effort to celebrate the men of St. Glutia, their contributions and to urge those who are better off to reach back and help those who may fall behind. President of the International Men's Network Barry Innocent expressed his expectations of the conference. I pray that this event serves its purpose where a means of communication in this light both music and articulations would reach and impact the minds of young men that could cause things like behaviour modification or commence some level of behavioural modification. Minister for Education, Innovation, Gender Relations and Sustainable Development Hon. Dr. Gil Rigabet indicated that what it means to be a man continues to change. The minister noted that men are not invincible and do battle their own challenges, making their need to be heard even more important. We ought to ourselves, all of us, to listen more to one another, but hearing is not enough. We must be brave enough to challenge our long-held beliefs and we must give ourselves permission to adjust our beliefs and expectations of ourselves and one another in keeping with the new learning that we have received from our experiences in this immediate case, the lessons we have learned from COVID-19. It is okay for a man to share domestic responsibilities as we work from home. It is okay for a woman to be the only or the higher income earner in a household. Men can hurt too. They do feel and they do hurt. Men do not always have all the answers. Prime Minister the Hon. Alan Chastney encouraged men to be their brother's keeper. And I feel that there are many young men who have been incredibly successful in this country and what we're asking for them to do is to appreciate that they need to be role models for some of those young men who may not have been given the support that they had. It is true that for any gender the key to success is support. It's inescapable. And when we have anyone who is struggling to find their place in our society it's left to the majority of people who have been successful to never to take for granted what they have been able to achieve but to turn back and reach to help those to come up. Featured Speaker Dr. Joshua Les Flores shared some words of advice. One of the things that I never never wanted to throw away was the gifts that God gave me. And each and every one of us has gifts. Each and every one of us has talents. You may not always have the best set of cards in your hand but play them because God is with you. God will not give you anything that you cannot handle. And even in the times that I thought I could not handle exam after exam after exam I stand before you here today accomplished happy tired but grateful for the opportunities that I have been given and the habits that I learned early on that helped me to push forward regardless of what came my way. So I ask choose the right path for yourself even if it's the hardest choice but don't worry because it will continue to get easier. Choose to be diligent in school at work in your community. Choose to make the most of every opportunity. Choose to stay above and away from influences but rather influencing positively. The first international men's day was celebrated in 1992. The occasion was instituted to celebrate the achievement by boys and men to society nation and community. The Boys Training Center has received a timely donation from CIBC First Caribbean International Bank. We get the details in this report. CIBC First Caribbean International Bank is exercising their corporate social responsibility through a donation to the Boys Training Center. The financial institution is donating 30 lifetime chairs and a kitchen stove to assist with the facility's daily operations. CIBC's country head for St Lucia and director for corporate business development in the OECS Victor Boyce says through this donation they are demonstrating their appreciation for the work of the Boys Training Center providing a family environment care and safety for the wards. Your work is bridging critical gaps in the fundamental needs of your wards. In addition to the rehabilitation aspect of the work of the BTC the institution brings forcefully to mind the saying that it takes a village to raise a child. For we know that in every village there are those who have more and there are those who have less. Some homes can offer an environment that is more enabling of balanced growth and development than others can. It therefore befalls institutions and civil society at large to help narrow the gap of need and to link hands to provide that safety net before or you fall through the cracks into deviance and destitution. Kishama Shigoshi guidance counselor at the Boys Training Center expressed her gratitude for the generous gift and says it is a learning opportunity for the wards at the center. Your donation is quite timely as it solidifies some of the work we have been doing in the life skills program where social responsibility is concerned. Last week we had a debate on social responsibility but even before that we did corporate social responsibility. So today the boys are seeing firsthand an experience in what it is for the corporate world to say yes I want to volunteer yes I want to donate. So it's not just talk for them but they are seeing it come to play. Shigoshi says one more need of the facility is met. This donation allows their meeting areas to be fully stocked and the wards will no longer have to carry chairs from one classroom to another. She hopes for further collaboration with the financial institution on other projects targeted towards the rehabilitation of the young men of Sintusha. From the Government Information Service, Homa Dimok reporting.


Hello everybody, this is Life Hansen from Spark Interaction and we have Paul Jackson and Andy Rich today. We have a smaller group today. I had forgot to press record on the last activity we did. But the activity, the focus of the day-to-day is about how to create meaningful connection, particularly as we are today on a focus on doing applied improv online. What kind of games can you do when you're in an online space that create meaningful connection? So the first one was a very simple one, kind of something you would do in a warm-up, sort of a icebreaker connector type activity. And it's a substitute for the typical how are you doing type question. And the question is what's it like being you right now? And the coaching that you'd want to offer people is to emphasize their senses, their sensations, their feelings, and maybe thoughts that are coming, but a short version of it. As improvisation is about becoming in the moment, we're not wanting people to check in with like, oh, this just happened or I'm thinking about the future, but really what's it like being you right now? And so when we did that, for example, I was sharing some of the things that I was seeing in my environment. I was sharing some of my feelings that I was feeling joy about connecting with some of my peers and friends. I was connecting about some of the sensations going on in my body, some tenseness in my belly, things like that. And we found, I liked how Paul reflected that there was a strange thing with the online aspect, that you start to sort of feel connected to your world, the other person's world, but also sort of this strange flat, I call it flatland, you know, you're sort of in the flatland world and looking at yourself and everybody else and it's kind of an interesting, it's an interesting thing. So that's what we're going to talk about now is sort of what some of our experiences were from doing that. If one of you wants to start, how was that for creating meaningful connection? How was that activity for you? Shall I go? It seems to me to be a really good example of an online activity that stands a good prospect of creating meaningful connection. I felt connected meaningfully with both of you. So in that test it works in a way that a lot of application of improvisation activities online really don't work for me. They seem like very poor second rate substitutes for what they're like in a room. This one, because of those extra dimensions that you mentioned, has a lot of texture to it and still allows for the meaningfulness of a conversation without anything artificially gimmicky getting in the way. Yeah. Was acknowledging that the technology is there and is part of the experience. Nice, thanks. How about you, Andy? I found it again interesting just because you were asking a question that was much more different than we normally would. The typical how are you doing leads into a lot of extrinsic things in terms of projects you're working on and things like that. So in this activity, A, it really forces you to quiet down and really take a moment to notice what's happening within yourself and your surroundings and start thinking about the impact there. It was good having somebody else in this case yourself doing it first because you set an example. Because I think if I just starting out, you're going to kind of be swayed. And then the feedback he gave me to actually stop myself and take a moment to notice my surroundings was helpful. Just a reminder to breathe was very, very helpful. I think that was pretty interesting. So I like that. I think I'm going to try that in our next meetings that we do. As I was thinking of what could possibly also be done. Maybe, again, maybe not an issue. If I'm looking into your room, perhaps there and something connects me to it. For example, I'm looking to my left, your right. I see that hat on the mannequin. Perhaps part of this might be to ask a simple question. That hat draws me to make me thinking, when do you wear that hat? And then that would then cause you maybe to share something else that will then draw further connection. It might be another thing that we could also do as I'm thinking. But I'm surprised by the activity. As you sit here and you start listening to the request, like, oh, this is going to be very touchy-feely. And then as you really allow that to break away and become part of the experience, you start to really see that, you know what? It really breaks down some barriers. And from now, from here, I can tell we can get into more details and discussion as to whatever else that we're doing. Love it. I love that idea. Matter of fact, I maybe even would suggest at some point we try and play with something around noticing what's in the other people's boxes, because that's the material you have to work with in an online space. I love it. We'll come back to that. One piece I'll add, I feel the same as you guys about the activity. I think a really hot topic right now, thanks, Renee Brown, and others is vulnerability and the connection that vulnerability creates. And so when I made a couple of vulnerable choices to share some of my feelings, you know, and I think if we encourage each other in the what's it like to be you right now and remind each other. Like you said, Andy kind of model this at first to actually go into that emotional space, you know, like, you know, I'm feeling some shame about this or I'm feeling a little insecure because I don't know people or whatever the feeling might be. I think that's a really beautiful way to create meaningful connection also.  Hey, I'm glad that one worked. How about. Well, do we want to play with the thing that Andy just said and try and sort of almost maybe create a game out of that it could just be something like I. How about I have an idea unless one of you guys are already ready to go. Okay. So mine would be the prompt. I'm curious about. Or it could be I notice and I'm curious about now you don't actually ask the question yet you don't go into a conversation, but you just say you just kind of brainstorm and in a popcorn style. That's that prompt. So I might say I noticed a young lady in your room, Paul, leaving. And I'm curious, I'm curious who she was. Now you don't answer it. We just kind of keep. Suggestion for the world. By the way, by the way, that was his secretary. So you think. Oh, gosh, okay. So let's try that for a little while. I notice. And it's and I'm loving this game. And just popcorn. I notice and I'm curious without responding. I notice there are tons of books in your background, Paul, and I'm curious how many you've actually read. Yeah. Just popcorn also now that as I got a good look at Paul's area, I also noticed I saw the book as well and then I saw the file system on the back of his door. And I see a lot of information there and I'm curious as to how he keeps all that information organized. Explain the secretary. I notice a stroke. Oh, it went out of view. Keep it there. I notice some sort of creature on your something on your couch, Andy, that looks like us to me like a stuffed owl. And I'm curious what it is. I might have similarly stuffed objects on your wardrobe or cupboard that is just in the corner of the screen now because you adjusted the angles.  I'm curious as to what they were. I notice a sentence that I probably could read where it not for the placing your head that says meet me at above the window. I'm curious the rest of the sentence. Yes. Same here. I'm noticing again the hat and the series of hats now that I'm looking further and I'm wondering is that part of a collection and do you actually wear those hats. I'm noticing a bottle of what I imagine is olive oil. I'm curious about the quality of your cooking. I notice a circular thing. Oh, it might be a clock, a clock or a drum behind Paul's. At the top, I think it is a clock. Yes, now it's moving. And I'm curious to the time in London. There's a circular thing on Andy's wall that doesn't seem to be a clock. I'm curious as to what that might be. It's reminding me of a wreath. Yes. Yes, yes. It's causing me to have to wow how much influence my wife has in decorating our clothes. As I get back and I again really drawn into all of the books in Paul's room, I'm curious to how many of those are nonfiction and business related and how many of those are more for just indulgent joy. Yes, I'm curious about that too. I noticed the closed drawers behind Paul on the cabinet and I'm curious how many dead bodies are in there. So I like this, Nathan. I like this too. I think there could be a limit to the number of observations and that there should be a round of responses. Yeah. Let's do it. Permission for a round of responses anyway. Yeah, how about in timing these things would be would be really good obviously I think because we know we only have three there's sort of a feeling of a lot more ease around the timing so we'll just keep it going for now but let's say I've got a question or a suggestion I suppose so perhaps maybe even a next step with this would be as I sit and I look to the clock on Paul's wall and I'm curious about it. Would it make sense for me now to say to talk about something that connects connects me to it as to what was it that that made me look at it so now I'm seeing the wall I do the clock on the cabinet there. And now that's making me think wow we've been talking for quite a while this has been pretty an intriguing conversation. And maybe then the next step is I can even then pull something from my home that maybe kind of relates to it and for example I'm now we grabbing my cup of soda. And I'm realizing that I just almost all gone I don't you know what I mean just as another way to bring about and make these connections. I love it. And particularly with the theme of meaningful connection is really does then I mean there's a connection because you're saying it connects to me and makes me curious, but I love the yes ending of like. Yeah, let's let's let's try a little bit of that like we can new ones or the ones we've already said. Let's do the I was just doing the response round first. Well that's on people's minds. And then it allows the sub conscious to work and come up with the what's the connection that we're prompted by all that we know feel that we've established. Okay. Certainly. So here up some. You better. That was my assistant Emily who walked across and left the room. I think a better question than how many of these books have I read would be how many of these books have I written. They're in this room. They're all nonfiction. This being the office. So a lot of business books and books about arts stories, leadership and all that kind of thing. There's fiction downstairs. You're not going to answer how many you've written. Most of this is fiction as well. Six. Nice. Written. Written or co-written. Yeah. And it's a clock. Those are my responses. No dead bodies. What isn't what is in the cabinet. This one. Stationary. Uh huh. I do think I saw a couple of body parts though, but. I will say that the hats. So to our hats, one is a helmet. So one's a scooter helmet that I occasionally wear on my scooter. And yes, I do very occasionally wear the other couple hats, particularly. If I'm in an environment where there's going to be many people like Paul who will be making comments about my hair. Anywhere in the world. Well, I do.  This is not going to be a good idea to have some purple hair going. So I went and bought a hat. And it was one of those ones. Let's see the question about the oil. It is olive oil. It's a Rio Hanna extra virgin olive oil. So pretty good oil, but I'm not a great cook because I'm living on my own for the first time in my 49 years for the last two months. So I'm learning that. Well, that was totally presumptuous because I could have been cooking at home, but my ex was the primary cook. I don't know if I got other questions in my area. Did I? Those are the two main ones. Yeah, it's a satisfying questions. It's to allow you to respond whatever you were hearing in that. Got it. It's how I would conceptualize this round in this wonderful new game that Andy has proposed. So I guess the big questions for me was what was on the back wall to meet me at the guarding gate. This is my wife. Again, this is I'm in outside of the sclerium. It's just a room with a lot of bright light. Normally I'm working in my basement, but I find what I'm doing anything video wise down there. It's very, very dark. So this is the room where I have some influence, but not a lot. So it's really more about my wife line position. It's very, very garden themed in here. The stuffed owl is actually my dog, Blanket. She just recently before the call, I don't know if you can see her there, but she moved to her sunspot. But before she was lying on that, whenever I leave in the morning or my wife leaves and she sleeps on the top of that couch like a cat, my wife always covers her up with the blanket because she feels that you prefer it. And then usually 15 minutes later, my dog gets out of it. That's kind of what was happening there on that end of it. I think those are the main questions that were asked. I have a logistical question. So if you're doing this in a meeting, I mean, so this does take, it is a time commitment. So if you have a meeting of let's say five to seven people on the phone, would you use a timer and keep, because then all of a sudden you're, if you have the pressure of a timer that may take away some of the authenticity of the activity. I'm sure what would be your thoughts in there to be able to work in a little efficiently, but still getting this accomplished. So what I would recommend doing and the tricky part is the order because because we all see a different order of faces on our screen, but this is what how I would probably do it if I were to try it again is it would be simple observations. And it would, but it would go, let's say you did have a circle, it would just, it would go actually each person would take a turn. And, but otherwise, since you don't know what order to go in, the understanding would be sort of a popcorn style, but basically like each person go once. When it, what I'm liking what I would how I would try this next time is the phrase would be. I'm noticing blank. And I'm curious about blank. And it reminds me of blank from my life. And then, and then when it comes to the round that we just did, I would use a timer, I would say each person now has one minute or two minutes to say whatever you want in response to the questions that you got about your space. So that's how I do it.  It'll be five people. I will, I'll try. I'll let you know how it goes where we got stuck and what went awesome. Great game. Thank you. Yeah. Thank you. Thank you, Steve and Andy and me for developing that as an example of co-creating a new activity. Yes. I think that we need to give Andy the honor of giving it a name. Oh, okay. What's that behind you? What's that behind you? Excellent. Congratulations, guys. We created what's that behind you? Yeah. Yeah. I've made notes of the whole of that, which. Thank you. We'll arrive as the Zoom chat for AIM. And could be in some way, give them to aim me to accompany the video that goes on to YouTube. Yes, I will do that. And I'll also repost the video in the notes in the group. Paul, do you have per chance a final activity that you would like to try out? Or I think you maybe said just to describe, if you have one, we could try that be great. But if you have one, you'd just like to describe that's a meaningful connection when that's fine too. Yeah, I'm only going to describe it because. Well, I need to leave the call in a couple of minutes. And so you may well already have done it. But I think it's in the same category of connecting people and that it can also work online without loss of its characteristics and qualities that it has offline, which is the story of your name. Which produced over an hour of really interesting discussions in a group of six participants in a storytelling workshop that I ran yesterday. Most people didn't know that did not know that activity beforehand and were not familiar with improvisation and invite people to share the story of their name. It's possible to do that. So the choices people make are indicative of how much or how little they want to reveal of what they think is significant. And in the storytelling workshop, which that one was, it's a story everyone can tell. Everyone has some story of their name and it starts showing whatever you want about structuring stories. So I did a part two later in the day of coming back to it and letting people use some structuring ideas to rethink the story of their name and pick maybe three beats of how it developed over time or how their emotions changed or something of that sort. That was simple and effective. Excellent. Thank you. Yeah, I think that's a very simple one and I like you said it's great because everybody has a name. You know, it's a great one for me right now because I, as I think at least Paul knows you know I've changed the pronunciation of my name back to the actual Danish pronunciation from leaf to life I'm fine when people call me leaf. I think of myself as both names but it provides that opportunity for me to kind of, you know, tell some of that and it definitely has a story beyond just the Danish pronunciation so cool. Excellent so Paul you were just saying you need to get going I think we got a really nice good, you know, three activities today. Is there any final comments anyone wants to check out with. I really appreciate the invite to doing this. Again, it meant my curiosity I'm hoping to do more more with you guys. And again, I really appreciate the invite. Excellent. You're welcome and I appreciate you joining and looking forward to the next one too. Good to me and great to see you again. Take care Paul, take care of life. All right. See you guys receive care. Bye bye.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor Education. We continue the course of advanced mathematics for high school students. It's presented on Unizor.com and that's the website which I'm recommending you to listen to this lecture because it contains the notes for every lecture including this one and it helps you to basically follow the logic maybe much much much better. Now Today we will talk about the number E, which I have introduced in the previous lecture as a function actually as a base of a the basis of the function which has a very important property. If you recall these exponential functions have a shape something like this with the base greater than one. Now I have introduced the concept of a steepness at point zero in this particular case which is basically a characterization of this angle. Angle of the tangential line at the point zero. Apparently this angle is less than 45 degrees with exponential function with a base is equal to A and it's greater than 45 when exponential function has a base equal to three. So the three goes something like this much steeper and its angle will be greater than 45 angle. So I presume that there is some number in between two and three some real number which if used as a base of exponential function it will have this tangential line exactly at 45 degrees and I call this number E and as a consequence of this as a consequence of this I have come up with the following thing. How can I determine the value of this angle? Well, basically it's very simple. Let me just make it in a larger scale. Okay, here is my larger scale. Now this is zero. I will step from zero by one nth where n is some number. All right, and then I will take a chord basically. Now if I will divide this piece which is basically A to the power of one n minus one because at zero all the exponential function are equal to zero. So this is this piece and divide by this piece which is equal to one n. Now, what does it mean that my tangential line would be at angle of 45 degrees? Well, it means that this particular ratio will be almost one because it's 45 degrees. These are two cateches of right triangle. With the 45 degrees, cateches are equal to each other, right? So basically the the steepness can be characterized by this ratio. Now if I will increase n so my point comes closer and closer to zero, my chord will be closer and closer to the tangential line. So if this ratio tends to one as my n goes to infinity, that means that my tangential line would be at angle 45 degrees. So basically I have determined that there is some kind of a number which is if used as e, then this would be tending to one. That's how I define basically the number e as a base of an exponential function which has this type of a tendency, right? Okay, now I kind of presume that this particular approximation exists and the approximation is is better and better as n increasing to infinity. From which I have derived that e to the one n approximately equals to one n plus one, right? So one plus one n over n and then I raise both sides into n's degrees. So e is approximately one plus one n to the n's. Now these manipulations with approximation is not exactly rigorous mathematically. So today I'm going to prove the following thing that this sequence does have a limit. And then you can actually say that this limit is e, this number e. All right, so this is the most important goal of my today's lecture to prove that this sequence has a limit as n goes to infinity and this limit, since I know it exists, I call it e. Now I definitely know that this limit is in between two and three because in the previous lecture I actually proved that this expression for any n is in between two and three. It's greater than two and less than e, than less than three. So there is some number in between two and three, some real number, which I can call basically the letter e. All right. So how can I prove that this thing has a limit a little bit more rigorously than what I did in the previous lecture? The previous lecture was kind of an intuitive approach. Now I will make it a little bit more rigorous. Now there was a theory in which I have proved in one of the previous lectures dedicated to limits that if I have a sequence which is monotonically increasing and bound from above, let me just do it graphically. So this is my bounder a and my sequence is monotonically increasing and always less than eight. So my points are here. So the theorem says that if my sequence is monotonically increasing and always bound it on the top by some constant a, then the Riesli limit and this limit is actually the least upper bound for this particular sequence, which is called supremum. So what my point right now is that I will use this theorem which states that if it's bounded and monotonically increasing then there is a limit and that's what actually I have to prove here that there is a limit which I can call the number e. So if I will prove that this is monotonically increasing sequence, I already know it's bounded from above by the number 3, that would be sufficient to prove that there is a limit and if there is a limit I can call it anything I want including this beautiful letter e which mathematicians like very much. All right, so all I have to prove again this. That's what monotonically increasing means, right? That the next one is greater than the previous one. Now, there are actually many different methods to approach this including some tricky manipulations with powers, etc. What I have decided is to do it relatively straightforward, although maybe a little lengthier than some other methods, I will just use the binomial formula in both cases. Now, the binomial formula again it was discussed before in one of the lectures before and you know that this is the following. It's sum of the common member. Common member is coefficient is n factorial divided by n minus a factorial and i factorial, i from 0 to n from 0 times a to the power n minus i b to the power of i. All right, that's the general binomial formula by Newton. So, I will use this formula for this and for this case and I will basically prove that every element of the sum on the left would be greater than the corresponding element of the sum on the right. That's what I'm going to prove. Now, one more interesting thing. The number of elements in this sum, in this case it's n, in this case it's n minus 1. So, the number of elements is greater than here. So, from 0 to n and here from 0 to n minus 1. So, what I will get to do is that if every member on the left is greater than corresponding member on the right plus in addition this member also has one extra member that would make it even better. All right, so all I have to do is have i-th member of this sum. I will compare with i-th member of that sum and I will show that one is greater than another. All right, for every i from 0 to n minus 1. Now, what's my i-th member on the left? Well, a is 1 so I don't need this and b is 1 over n so this is 1 over n to the power of i. Now, that's my member on the left. i-th member where i is 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. up to n. On the on the right it's correspondingly n minus 1 factorial divided by n minus i minus 1 factorial i factorial and 1 over n minus 1 factorial. So, I would like to prove that this is greater than this. Okay, here's how I can do it. First of all, i factorial present in here and here. So, if I will compare it, I don't really need this. I will prove that this is greater than this. Both are containing this multiplier i factorial so it doesn't really change the relationship between them. So, how can I prove that this is greater than this? Let me open all these factorials in this particular case. What is n factorial? It's n times n minus 1, etc, etc, up to 1. n minus i factorial is starting from n minus 1 to 1. So, if I will divide one by another, let me just write it again what happens here. This is n, n minus 1, etc, 1 and n minus i, n minus i minus 1, etc, 1. So, somewhere along the line starting from n minus i, I can basically reduce it a certain number and what will be left here. On the top, I will have n minus, etc, n minus i plus 1. Starting from next one, n minus i, it will be reduced with the denominator, right? And this is divided by n to the i's degree. Similarly, this one would be n starting from n minus 1. I will have a certain number of multipliers and the last one would be n minus i because starting from the next one, n minus i minus 1, it would be reduced with the denominator. So, it would be n minus 1, n minus 2, etc, n minus i, that would be my last member. Divide it by n minus 1. I did get the term, no, that's wrong, n minus 1. n minus i, sorry, n minus i to the i's degree, n minus 1 to the i's degree. Okay, now how can we compare these? Well, this is actually quite easy because let's spread this n to the i's degree as n times n times n, etc, n times n, etc. Same thing here, n minus 1 times n minus 1, etc, n minus 1. It's i multipliers on the top and i multipliers on the bottom. Same thing here. So, what I'm going to do is I'm going to show that any member of any result of a division of the corresponding member on the top divided by bottom, which is n minus k divided by n. That's the common member, right? Where k is 0, 1, etc, i minus 1, right? That's my last k. Here, the common member is also n minus k minus 1 divided by n minus 1, where k is 0, 1, etc, i minus 1, right? Because if k is i minus 1, so it's i minus 1 plus 1 and minus 1 it will be minus i, right? So, this is a product of these and this is the product of these. But look, every this one member of this product is greater than this one. k is exactly the same. Now, n minus k divided by n is greater than n minus k minus 1 divided by n minus 1. Now, why is this obvious? Well, because this is equal to 1 minus k over n, right? And this equals to 1 minus k divided by n minus 1, right? So, from 1, we subtract this and from 1, we subtract this. This is less than this because the numerators are the same denominator. This is bigger denominator. So, the ratio is smaller. So, we are subtracting a smaller number. So, the result would be bigger than this one. So, that's why this is bigger. And that's why this is bigger than this one and this one. And that's why the product of these is greater than the product and everything is going back to original inequality. So, that's how I have proven that my sequence is monotonically increasing. Now, since it's monotonically increasing and it's bounded from the off by number 3 and it's actually bounded on the bottom by number 2, it means that my limit exists. This is a valid formula, a valid expression. There is such a limit and I call it E. Now, E happened to be irrational number. The approximate value is 2.71 but then it goes to infinity. Obviously, it's irrational number and it plays a very significant role in the analysis as I was basically telling you many times. All right. Now, the only one thing more I would like to add to this particular expression. What I will do now, I will prove this. So, from this, I will prove this. So, if I will have E to the power of X, then it's the limit of instead of 1, I will have X here. Now, how can it be proved? Well, intuitively, again, it's obvious and here is Y. Now, n is an infinitely increasing number, right? X is just a fixed number, just some real number X, whatever it is. So, X over n is decreasing, obviously, right? Now, in this particular case, we have the same thing, the denominator here and the power there and we know it goes to a constant. So, what I'm going to do is I'm going to consider this. Let's consider X is not equal to 0, right? I multiply by X and divide it by X. Now, when I multiply something in the power, as you remember, A to the power of B to the power of C is equal to A to the power of B C, right? So, this is equal to 1 plus X over n n over X and then over there, I have another power of X, right? That's what it is. It's the same thing. This is n. n is n times X divided by X. So, n divided by X, I'm using here and X is there. Now, let me ask you, what's the difference between this inside the square brackets? What's the difference between this and this? n is increasing to infinity, right? Now, that means n divided by X where X is some kind of a constant. Well, let's assume right now it's not equal to 0. It's a positive constant. n is also increasing to infinity. I mean n over X is also increasing to infinity in exactly the same fashion. So, it doesn't really matter whether it's n or n divided by 2 or n divided by 3 and 7 quarters. It doesn't really matter what kind of a constant is here. The limit of this inside the square brackets is the same thing, e, and that's why the whole thing is e to the power of X. So, without actually going into more detailed analytical calculations with which goes to a definition of limit, which means that for every distance d we have to find number n, which makes our sequence closer than d to this limit, etc. I don't want to go into all these details. They are trivial in this case. But intuitively, you perfectly understand that that's exactly how it's supposed to be done. So, since this is true and n is going to infinity, then this is exactly the same kind of limit, whether it's X divided by n or 1 divided by n. Doesn't matter because X is a constant and it's exactly the same in the power and here. All right. So, that concludes my last statement which I wanted to make, namely this. Now, it's very important actually to understand that there are many different approaches to the same thing and the more different approaches you found which lead you to the same thing, the more natural it becomes and if you wish even beautiful the theory is, if you can approach the same formula from different sides, right? So, in this particular case, this is one of the solutions which I'm offering. And there are some others as well. My purpose was to introduce you to this particular limit. That's the purpose of this particular lecture. All right. Thanks very much. I suggest you to read the notes in Unizord.com to this lecture or listen to it again. I mean it's always beneficiary. And so, for those people who really want to get a little bit more involved in taking exams for instance and getting some grades, you can sign as a student to the website to Unizord.com. And then you will probably have to have a supervisor who will assign you some topic to learn and at the end of this topic you will pass exam. So, that will give you a structural process, educational process in advanced mathematics. I certainly suggest you to do this. Very beneficial. All right. Thanks very much and good luck.


everybody forced here ripping 2021 skybox metal universe champions hobby one box number three random pack style there we go uh so we'll do the random here in just a moment to see who's who's got which pack number before we go but before we do i'm going to open the box just like this there's always three stacks of five i'll pull them out set them like this we'll go left side down middle middle down and then right side down uh one through 15 on the bottom right so that is how the numbering will go let's do the random now to see who's got which number good luck we'll do names and numbers the same amount of times and put them side by side a five four and one one two three four and five junghyun l down to luke o and five times pack numbers one two three four and five five down to ten now you have it junghyun five harper three greg w seven namcus 13 leo s six harper one nabil eight alex c two anthony c 15 alex c 14 utah with 11 sabrina 12 luke o nine leo s four and luke o 10 let's get the results posted i'll drop a link in chat for you so you can look over the numbers again um because i've just been calling out the numbers as we go here and there you go okay so let's get chronicles filled up that's coming up in just a bit an hour and a half from now we'll start cross we'll start the basketball or except chronicles and nt got definitive baseball got immaculate baseball uh what else my museum collection baseball and a bunch of different football time including 2021 immaculate tiered random case break as well so a lot of big breaks tonight a lot of breaks for all uh for all budgets too though so if you're looking to get in uh not so expensive we've got those available as well pack number one now pack number one carlos alex sent oh first pack hidden harper with pack one kengushi oh boy mojave king fresh foundation and it is retro pmg carlos culminara's red 91 of 100 good rays prospect right there nice culminara's retro pmg red neat robinson gabby butler and avante smith here we go good first pack where was the the wada was like in the bottom of the last stack right yeah it was like pack four five yeah so you did pull an auto and pack one of the first box though so it seemed like pack one is a decent one to get lance wilson and you got tray lance metalized fresh foundation chloe kim um bed Simmons blast furnace set avid's and a mic man see us number three this is one box number three pack number three in one box number three j boston matthew wolf mckayla shifrin a josh gitty metalized rookie skybox premium jesson fields nice card there trevor laurence base and a shroy mullins number four perez winter fresh foundation sky brown that is a child probably much more athletic than me so young um scotty louis metalized a arc weld michael jordan very nice insert for pack four that's a leo s nice arc weld mj got john muntero and dot to richardson number five colby stevensson willamon ds fresh foundation adley ruchman a little retro naji harris tobey miller tommy caldwell moses moody number six tail femo lopez what's coming up here putz and swafford reverto compost fresh faces a metalized baron lora and nisa championship galaxy green mac jones that is so cool dude championship galaxy how rare exactly are these dude these are sick looking it is uh an unannounced set of no info on this that's short printed i just don't know how much like odds odds we'll see the next pack that's pretty sick cardboard connection checklist that it just has a list of like it doesn't have the full list of names either that's crazy that's a cool card uh pavon and mcgrath uh let's see so this will be pack number seven i want to see if i can find am i not even be listed i don't want to waste all our time looking through pack odds also to strain my eyes all right pack seven good luck serman scotty louis fresh foundation shane right a blaster and his price into shambo uh cameron schringale sky brown shane mccarthy number eight colmenara's joe metalized bj boston a fresh foundation carlos allocen and skybox premium will mondia's fati and waddle number nine so this is a pretty big mac jones kretzky kaminga munoz metalized jonathan kaminga intimidation nation Naomi Osaka a nice insert on the osaka osaka base and the kid kangaroo junior number 10 now mj base kisberg fresh foundation waddle got osaka metalized adley throwback action there naji harris and page s number 11 one and 28 that's a that's a lot of packs that's a big card what's a priority that i got fogner gerard sue oh and metalized kofi molopez we got it's reaching for the stars jealand johnson die cuts look so cool in this simons and springer number 12 christopher isaac Todd fresh foundation john muntero a metalized red gerard last furnished jealand green nice tadeshi and koko golf pack 13 riff raff the shambo fresh foundation jealand green a premium trevor lorenz nice card that one scott avid compost and mac jones number 14 giddy lockwood koko golf metalized fresh foundation carlos culmenara's intimidation nation mj nice like anything mj and this is pretty solid especially if i ran a pack style for sure and number 15 last pack of one box number three hanson hobby king baker metalized tray sermon got a more cobble on the little retro design there will it's lovely that'll do it thanks again we're gonna get that mac jones mags uh congrats to who hit it we are moving on number four now thanks everybody


It's like my least favorite day of the year. Yeah. I've not been able to end the season with a pumping champagne. So unfortunately, I'm rather familiar with this day, and I don't like it. How important do you think it is that this organization resigns Aaron, judging how closely will you be following that situation? Yeah, I mean, he's a close friend of mine and a great teammate, so I mean, I'll be keeping in touch with him. And as far as what the future holds between the negotiations, I'll just be a supportive friend and reiterate everything that he means to us and the support and the talent and the type of player that he is is just so special. So he deserves to kind of enjoy this courting process, and he deserves everything that's coming for him. Aaron is a guy who's been through this process before. And yourself, what advice would you give to Aaron as he's about to embark on this for the first time? Take your time. How do you evaluate your season as a whole? I try to, I mean, I had goals. I had things that I wanted to accomplish personally in order to put us in a position to have success. And team-wise, we had goals which we obviously didn't meet. I feel that there is some areas for improvement, I mean, but that's just the game in general. We're always just kind of grinding away, staying curious, and trying to improve. And the league threw challenges at us this year that maybe we haven't faced before. So after a few weeks off and prepping for next season, we'll look to kind of digest that information and see where we go from there. Aaron, what would it take to get the closest gap with the Ashrams to get past them? I know you weren't on the teams for a lot of the Ashrams, but they're the team standing in the way of this.  But this was, yeah, this was, I mean, they beat us in every facet of the way. So my expertise is not in general managing or acquiring or building rosters. So it's hard for me to answer, but I, you know, I watched the series and I didn't really see an area where we played better than them.


So here we have at the Makua Kebuk, and this is a face watch, and it's funded here, a Makua Kebuk platform. How much money is this? Success? Yes. Shipping? People can buy? How much is one? Yes, yes, yes. One is how much? Price. And we can look around. Let's look around it. Let's look like this. Yeah, no problem. Can you hold? No problem. Just show around. Can you hold it like this? Yeah, nice. So it's real. Wow. Cool. Thank you. Real display. All around. It's very special. Can we look there? Very cool. Can you take it off? Yeah, can you take it off? And then let me see. On the other side. There. It seems like real product. Indestructible, segmented ink. So you cannot get your emails in IM's display, but it has some really nice designs. Lots of different options in the design.


Hello and welcome to the session. This is Professor Farhad in which we would look at the idea of the diversification and portfolio risk. Specifically, we're going to be covering two concepts that deals with this, which is systematic versus in-systematic risk. These topics are covered on the CPA as well as the CFA exam, as well as essentials or principles of investments. As always, I would like to remind you to connect with me only then if you haven't done so. YouTube is where you would need to subscribe. I have 1,800 plus accounting, auditing, tax, finance, as well as Excel tutorial. If you like my lectures, please like them, share them, put them in playlists. If they benefit you, it means they might benefit other people. Connect with me on Instagram. On my website, farhadlectures.com, you will find additional resources to complement and supplement this course as well as your accounting and finance courses. I strongly suggest you check out my website. What is the basic idea of diversification? It's don't put all your eggs in one basket. I'm sure you heard that saying before, it means don't put all your investment toward one company or one entity or one type of risk. What should you do then? It means spread your eggs out. Don't put them in one basket, because if that basket falls, your eggs are gone. This is the basic idea. So let's think about what type of risks are you exposed to when you buy a stock. So let's assume you buy one single individual stock. To be more specific, let's assume you buy Tesla. Hopefully, you know what Tesla is. So when you buy Tesla, you are exposed to general economic condition risks such as business cycle. The business cycle goes up sometime. We're in good time, bad time, so on and so forth. You're exposed to that. So we're in good time. Tesla does well. We're in bad time. Tesla doesn't do well. Inflation. If we have inflation, the cost of money is higher. People might buy less cars. Interest rate. If interest rate is high, people are less likely to buy stuff because the cost of money is high. Exchange rates. If Tesla is selling their vehicles overseas and the US dollar is strong, then less people will buy it. So they have risk to exchange rate and other risks. Those risks are called general economic conditions. So Tesla as a company, there's nothing they can do about those risks. Those risks exist whether Tesla do well as a company or doesn't do well as a company. So they have to deal with those risks. They have to deal with those risks and have no control over those. Now Tesla also have their own firm specific risks. So I'm going to, I call the general economic risk A and I call the firm specific risk B, list B. So what are those firm specific risks? Well, for example, manufacturing cost target. One problem with Tesla is they're trying to cut down their cost because when they sell a car, they want to make sure they're making a profit and Tesla find a hard time cutting down their cost. So their cars are affordable to the general public. So they may not be able to reach that goal. Production delays. Why? Because of supply chain constraints. They're not getting the supplies that they want to. Also they might find hard time finding skilled workers to complete the work that they need to complete. They might have problem with management, style and philosophy. And those are all specific. Those are all specific issues that are related to Tesla. Also the government, they could change the regulation to the industry, which will affect Tesla as a firm. And you have to remember the competition from other car manufacturers like Ford, GE, Volkswagen, they're all trying to build electronic vehicles as well. Also we want to worry about Elon Musk tweets or Elon Musk smoking weed because that also affects the company itself. Also the perception about electric cars, the price of gasoline, access to charging facilities, etc. So those are firm specific factors that affect Tesla without noticeably affecting other firms. So when Elon Musk smoked the weed on the Joe Rogan show, well that affects Tesla specifically. When Elon Musk tweeted about the production they're going to produce 500,000 cars in 2019, well in reality that was not true. Elon Musk has to kind of take it back or explain his position and he always get into trouble with the security and exchange commission because he put all those tweets out. But those are firm specific. So how would you solve this? How do I solve this? I will not put all my money in Tesla. I will not put 100% of my money in Tesla. What should I do? Well to protect myself I will start with the diversification. So the idea of diversification is you don't put all your money in Tesla. So what can you do? Well one simple way, for example, this is simple, I put 50% in Tesla and I'll put 50% in Ford Motor Company or 50% in GE or 50% in Nissan and this is simple. This is not even diversification but at least I'm not putting all my money in one basket. Maybe I will buy Tesla and I will buy the other 50%. I don't get into involved in the car industry. I might buy Apple computers or I put 50% in Tesla and I'll put the remaining in Amazon. Now how about I'll put only 30% in Tesla, 30% in Amazon, 30% in Apple and I'll keep 10% in cash. That's also a good idea. So simply put, if you don't want to be exposed to firm specific because there's nothing you can do about this list. If you don't want to be exposed to firm specific, don't put all your money in one place, diversify. That's the idea of diversification is you are not exposed to what Elon Musk decides to do. You're exposed a little bit but hopefully when Elon Musk and Tesla don't do well, hopefully Apple or Amazon will do well. So it will make it up. So we have two types of risks. We have market risk which is list A, what we saw and we have diversified risk which is list B. Market risk, common source of risks that affect all firms. So those risks that I told you, the economic risk, the inflation risk, the business cycle, they affect all companies. Even with extensive diversification, you cannot eliminate those risks. So market risk is not diversifiable. There's nothing you can do even if you buy in different companies. If interest rate goes up, if interest rate goes up for all companies, it doesn't matter how many companies you are invested in. So this risk remains even after you diversify. It doesn't go away. This risk is attributed to market-wide risk resources. It's not firm specific. Another terms for this risk is called systematic risk or non-diversifiable risk. So systematic risk, non-diversifiable risk, market risk, they're all the same thing. Obviously the diversified risk is the risk that you can diversify. You can spread out. This is list B. The risk then can be eliminated by diversification. So don't expose yourself to Tesla alone. Expose yourself to several other companies. This risk is called unique risk because it's unique to the company. Firm specific risk or non-systematic risk versus the systematic risk. You always hear the systematic versus non-systematic risks. That's the best. That's the best term. Let me show you on a graph. What are we trying to say? This is the standard deviation. And remember, the standard deviation represent the risk. Here we have zero risk and the risk goes up to 30. Here's what happened. If you invest in one company, let's assume you invest in Tesla alone. Let's put one company here. Let's assume you invest. Obviously, if you invest in nothing, you're taken no risk. But let's assume you invest in one company. If you invest in one company alone, Tesla, you are at approximately 30% of standard deviation. Here's what happened. If you invest in two companies, your standard deviation should go down to 27. If you invest in three companies, it will go to 25. So notice, as you invest in more stocks, in more stocks, your risk goes down. Now, it doesn't go down forever. You cannot eliminate all the risk. And we're going to see why you cannot eliminate the old risk. But the idea is, as you invest in more companies, as the number of stocks goes up, your standard deviation should go down. And don't worry. We're going to compute this mathematically in the next session when we prepare a portfolio. So this is the idea. Another way to look at this is this. Again, we talked about when you invest in more company, your risk goes down. But also, there is a risk that's called the market risk. That's non-diversifiable. You cannot diversify. So this, you cannot get rid of. So you're going to have this risk. No one can get rid of. But rather than being here, by diversification, you can lower your risk down to here. So you have this much of firm risk rather than having this much of firm risk. So what you do is you reduce your exposure. So this is the market and unique risks that basically you are looking at. So there's nothing you can do about this part. This part, you can diversify. You can bring down to here. But you're always going to have some risk. And that's the nature of stocks. But the market risk, you cannot diversify. So make sure you know the difference between systematic and non-systematic risk and the general idea behind this. In the next session, we're going to start to build a portfolio. And we're going to allocate assets. Specifically, we're going to take a look at portfolio with tourist assets to illustrate the concept of diversification, whether it's 200 or 300. The concept is the same. So by starting with tourist asset, then we're going to add a third one later, third asset. Then you will start to get the idea how mathematically or from a statistical perspective, how you can reduce this standard deviation. And this is what we want. If you like this recording, please like it. Click on the like button, share it, put it in playlist. Also, don't forget to visit my website farhatlectures.com to complement and supplement this course with additional resources. Good luck, study hard, and stay safe.