Hello, hangout viewers, YouTube viewers, downloadable video viewers, all of you are welcome in the world of tomorrow. In other words, come back tomorrow. Very silly. It's not very welcoming actually. You're very silly. Very silly. Am I? Hey. Peter Wells is threatening to throw some stories in the dock while I sleep tonight. I can't wait till Peter Wells is doing the day six. I know. Well, you're going to get, well, not really a sneak peek at day six, but you'll get a little more Peter Wells in your life tomorrow on the show. Yay. You're right, Tom. You're a good guy. It would? Okay. I think ours gets spared. Oh, because it's farther out. Did you just finish doing the math, Roger? No, no. Let's see, are there any more breaking news stories that we must pay attention to before we start the show? I feel like it's been a little slow for me today, refreshing. Is there a point in the show I can purposely point in my shirt other than the beginning? I mean, you can point out it, whatever you want. The audio listeners are going to notice. And the video people can already see it, right? You can plug it when we're doing the stuff at the end of the show that's like talking about all the little bits and bobs, where for the end that would be a perfect place to look. If I tell people to go to the store, that's what I was going to say. If you said the store, then I could say, I mean, you could get a fine shirt like this one. All right. Perfect. Perfect place. Still waiting for Feeley to reload. Am I not Patrick Standen? I don't know what day people are on. I watch every day and I'm going- Justin would be the Thursday contributor if we ever had a typical week. Patrick's always Tuesday. That was such a great discussion. I loved hearing his story. I'm so glad. And I'm sure Patrick was pleased to hear that too. Patrick and I actually, after you sent your very nice email about it, we started brainstorming like maybe doing a Philius Club cross promo thing every so often, where he could get one of his geekier Philius Club type guests to come on and say, okay, well, what's the tech scene been like in Saudi Arabia or India or wherever those folks are from? Yeah. Yeah. Now Feeley just won't load anything. Well, I guess there's no more news as well to the show. World has run out of news. I'll make sure tech. I mean, if tech meme doesn't have anything at the top saying, oh my gosh, Bill Gates and I was about to say something really tasteless. You can just tell Steve to feed us. Oh, it's back. ESPN embraces eSports with the dedicated gaming section. Boom. All right, let's do the show. Let's do it. Here we go. That's not going to work. I'll need to turn the volume up. Can't hear you. If you would like to donate to the Daily Tech News Show, simply go to dailytechnewshow.com slash donate. Donate via Patreon monthly or just once via Bitcoin or PayPal. If you want a t-shirt, go to slashloop.com. Thank you. This is the Daily Tech News for Thursday, January 14th, 2016. I'm Tom Merritt joining me. Allison Sheridan, host of The No Silicast, chitchat across the pond and more at podfeet.com. How's it going, Allison? It's going good. Look, I just got the best comedy of the year, The Martian in the Mail today. Oh, yeah. Well, it's a musical, but I understand the confusion because musical and comedy are in the same category. Is that why? Okay. Okay. It was a musical part. Got it. Right. I was confused. But wow, some of my favorite singing is in some of my favorite songs. I mean, there was some disco in it, I guess. Yeah. Yeah. There is a lot of music in it. Yeah. I feel like the Golden Globes have just abandoned all pretense of like putting things in categories. They're like, oh, I can't win this one. Throw in the other one. Meanwhile, we've got some W3C HTML standards danger to talk about. Could the world be more restricted or less restricted? EFF has some ideas about that. Allison and I are going to talk about that in a little bit, but let's start off with the headlines. Samsung announced today it has begun manufacturing the Snapdragon 820 chip. If you're like, wait a minute, isn't that a Qualcomm chip? You're right. They're doing it for Qualcomm. Qualcomm is fabulous. They usually hire TSMC to do their chips, but this time they're getting their competitor Samsung to do it. Samsung is using the same 14 nanometer LLP process that it uses to make its own Exynos 8 octa processor. Recode has previously reported that the Galaxy S7 might use the Snapdragon 820, so there may be some double dealing there. Samsung's chip making business is separate from its device making business and often makes chips for other platforms. Likewise, Samsung devices don't always use Samsung made chips. Thanks to Motang for posting this on the subreddit. Does that mean that Samsung users will be able to have a discussion about whether TSMC or Samsung when making the exact same chip made the faster one, just like they did with the Apple chip? Not in this case, I don't think, because I don't think TSMC is going to make the 820 at all.  It's just going to be Samsung, because yeah, otherwise, a good who made the chip and placebo effect. Gate. Yeah. It's always fun for us tech covers. Definitely. Well, Netflix VP of content delivery David Fullerger announced today in a blog post that it would take new steps to stop customers from streaming content found in Netflix regions outside their country. Fullerger broke the news that noted customers sometimes use DNS proxies and unblockers to get around geo blocking Netflix content. Who knew? Fullerger stated that Netflix would employ measures to defeat those techniques in the coming weeks, but also stated that they're working towards offering customers everywhere the same content. Wow, that makes a little more sense. Thanks to flying spatula for posting this on the subreddit. Yeah. So I mean, this is a little bit of bluster and I'm not sure how much of it is meant for consumption of its partners who are trying to maintain their region locks. So if you don't realize Netflix makes deals to acquire content in certain regions. So for instance, I don't know when they acquire the rights to stream continuum, the television series, they'll only get the rights to do it in the United States. Those rights to stream it might go to a television station in some other market or some other streaming service in some other market. And so when they launched in 130 countries now making themselves present in 190 countries, they have a lot more eyes on whether those region restrictions are being respected or not. And of course, you can use proxies and VPNs to get around that. So they didn't mention anything about VPNs. They did talk about proxies. And really the only way they could do this, Allison, that I could think of is to just make a list of IP addresses that are known to be used by proxy services and then try to block them. What a waste of time and energy. Well, and that's the other side of this is the blog post is very quick in a couple of places to go, we really don't like this world. We want a world where you can watch everything no matter what country you're in. And so we're working towards that, but they're not there yet. Well, you said highlighted something to me. I was under the possible misperception that the the problems with negotiating, let's say for New Zealand was that New Zealand had laws that said, well, you've got to play by these rules and Netflix has to negotiate with each country. You're saying that it's the content owners that make the deals that then the content providers like Netflix have to negotiate to get it into the right countries. Yeah, the content owners are the ones who are usually saying, well, sure, we'll sell you the rights. For instance, Netflix Canada is going to get Star Wars the Force Awakens because of a deal with Disney there. But Disney has a preexisting deal. And I think I want to say it's the epics or stars for the rights to show Star Wars the Force Awakens once it's available out of theaters in the United States. So Canadian Netflix users will get Star Wars before US users because of the content owner. In this case, Disney, even though Disney has a big long reaching deal with Netflix, it just doesn't start in time this time around. There are sometimes country restrictions, for instance, Canada will sometimes have broadcast restrictions requiring 30% of the content be of Canadian origin. So there may be some things like that out there that Netflix has had to navigate to. But those are less often the reason for it. Yeah. I think our tendency, our need, your reaction is to blame Netflix. Yeah. I've got a friend in New Zealand who's just mad at Netflix about it. Yeah. Well, I bet they'd love to bring you all the content. I mean, if Netflix paid more, they could get it. Although, even then, it's not true. Like if there's already deals in place, like with Star Wars, then no amount of money changes that the deal's already done. Yeah. US Secretary of Transportation, Anthony Fox, last name with two X's Anthony Fox, Fox, Fox, announced that policy goals for self-driving cars in the US are coming. Fox said that within six months, his agency will work with states, manufacturers and others to develop a model for autonomous car policy that encourages a consistent national policy. So trying to get all the states on the same page, the goal is to ensure fully autonomous vehicles can be deployed in large numbers, quote, when demonstrated to provide an equivalent or higher level of safety than is now available. The policies are part of a proposed $4 billion decade-long program to test connected and autonomous vehicles. I love that as a specific phrase to say when demonstrated to provide an equivalent or higher level of safety, that is, oh, that's just beautiful. That's the right way to put it, right? The devil's in the details of, well, how do you prove that it's safer? What measurements are you using and everything? But that's the right goal. I agree with you there. Sure. You were talking to somebody about driving in the snow and the discussion about, well, these self-driving cars, they need lanes that they can see, and I'm thinking, yes, so do humans. Whenever it's a question of what a car can't do, I'm thinking, I would trust an autonomous car over me driving in snow, you know? Yeah. Well, the problem with autonomous cars is that they can't tell where the lanes are. They if they're going by lane markers and the lane markers are covered by snow, then you have to have a backup way of them doing it and having them find another way to pick the lane like we do. We don't if we can't see the lane markers, we are like, OK, well, I see some ruts in the snow. I'm going to follow those ruts now, although there have been plenty of times I've been driving in the snow going, I hope I'm on the road. I'm pretty sure I'm on the road. I believe I'm saying, I can't see the road. Yeah, totally. All right, Strik 187 wanted us to mention that Microsoft. You're reading mine. Oh, I'm sorry. Oh, I'm bad with the alphabet, I guess. All right, here we go. December update for Nest caused the smart thermostat to stop working for some users. A software update in December included a bug that drained the battery life of some thermostats, deactivating them in January. Nest says it's aware of the issue and that it's been fixed for 99.5 percent of users for the other 0.5 percent. Nest has said a manual reset will help and offered a nine step fix on the Nest support page. Yeah, it's not a button. I didn't have this happen to me. Do you use a Nest by chance? Not a Nest thermostat. I have the Nest protect. I we use a Nest thermostat and we didn't have this problem. We do have our Nest thermostat charged by the heater directly. It doesn't. It's not one of the ones models that just charges when the heater is on or the air conditioner. So maybe that makes the difference. It may have been a bug that wasn't properly doing the charge when the thermostat kicked on. Yeah, they do say for some users. It happened with Nick Bilton, by the way. So, yes, you you definitely had a high profile tech reporter covering this. But yeah, I don't know how widespread it was. It obviously was enough people that Nest had to respond to it for sure. Yeah. All right. Now Strike 187 can get his credit for wanting us to mention that Microsoft will start delivering pop ups to small business computers not on Windows 10. That's domain joined systems that use regular Windows update, not enterprise. So none of this applies to the enterprise systems. If you use Windows Update to get your patches, you're now going to get prompted to upgrade to Windows 10, even if you're a business and suddenly Microsoft has decided those persistent pop ups can be annoying. We don't want to annoy our business customers. After all, they often have to pay us for Windows.  Now, this apparently already existed. If you were willing to dig around for it, Ed Botts talked about it before. But now it's on an official Microsoft support page. Home users can also take advantage of this. If you're tired of being bugged to upgrade to Windows 10 and you don't want to, it involves a setting in computer configuration and a registry edit. So it's not a simple solution in any case. Well, that might be good because the people who know what they're doing, who are purposely not updating, will know how to stop it. But the people who are just not doing it because they're scared or some sort of fud about it, maybe they'll not. What if you don't know what you're doing, but you also just don't want to upgrade? Too bad.  You get really good at clicking OK. Yeah, that's it. It really is annoying. Like just give me a chance, even if it's like snooze it for six months or something, give me a chance to get rid of it. That doesn't involve a registry edit from the people who brought you Clippy. Sony's flagship 5.2 inch Xperia Z5 and 4.6 inch Z5 compact will be sold in the US unlocked starting February 7th. The Z5 will cost $599 and 99 cents and the Z5 compact $499 and 99 cents, not 600 and 500. These are the first Sony phones to be sold in the US since the Z3. I mean, we go into the specs, the specs are nice. It's got a nice camera and all of that. But that was the significant part to me was, oh, we're we're seeing Sony come try in the US market again and at a time when you don't need to have carriers on board, except for a marketing partner. You're going to sell more phones if Verizon puts it in their store. But people are buying unlocked phones more often than they used to. And you might be able to get a few more sold. That said, a lot of people still want to do the pay by month thing, in which case you got to get a carrier on board. So I'm still not entirely optimistic about Sony's chances here until they get somebody pretty devices. Not going with them. Yeah, they definitely are. Whether you refer to him by his birth name of Calvin Broadus Jr. or his Rastafarian named Snoop Lion or his more common named Snoop Dogg.  Snoop Dogg took to Instagram with a short video expressing his displeasure at Xbox servers going down last night for a couple of hours. His caption summed up his own and many other Xbox owners sentiments. Quote, fix your stuff. He wrote something else or PlayStation. Here we come. Purple frowny devil, purple frowny devil, diamonds, star football. You know what? He's always had such a way with words. You know, honestly, he does. He does have a way with words. I 100 percent agree with that. Snoop Dogg's awesome. And you could see he was legitimately angry. This wasn't him pretending to be angry or puffing it up for something like he was done. He's like, OK, I've been able to play for two hours and he called out Bill Gates. I think he knows Bill Gates really doesn't run Microsoft, but he just wanted to be like Bill Gates, whatever, like somebody fix this. And I think what captured people is you could see the genuine frustration on his face and so many other people feeling that same frustration calling it out any time there's an outage like this. We usually don't cover it. And but in this case, it was just a lovely like, I don't know, to me, it's like, yes, giving a voice to the people who are crying out like, why is this happening? So he's your spokesperson now. Great, I suppose. All right. Wait, wait, he doesn't want. He does. Well, all I will add is that he would not like Microsoft support to drop the ticket like it's hot. He just wants a bit of. No, all right. Moving on, ride hailing company Grab Taxi said Wednesday it's opening the first U.S. office in Seattle. The company says it has no plan. Stafford service in the U.S. but rather wants to add its to its engineering team. Grab Taxi's engineering vice president, Arul Kuma Ravel, spent time in Amazon's mobile division in Seattle as well. I am apparently the head of engineering in Singapore for Grab Taxi worked at Amazon in Seattle, so they've got some Seattle connection. And I think it's interesting to see a company from Singapore coming to Seattle to say, we need some good engineers. You usually you usually hear the opposite. Yeah, maybe we, you know, we spent a lot of time complaining about us, but we actually kind of rock sometimes. You know, yeah, we got some good people. And there's probably a lot of Singaporeans living in Seattle, too, which would be a perfect, you know, cultural fit because the main engineering team is in Singapore. So, you know, it's a good move and an interesting move. Are they much different than Lyft or an Uber? No, it's pretty much the same thing, although they they integrate with taxis. So an Uber does that in some places. For instance, I was surprised in Honolulu to see that I could call a taxi through the Uber app. I didn't realize that Uber had had integrated. But I know lots of companies have started to work with certain taxi companies. And that's one of Grab Taxi's big advantages is like, hey, our fleet is instantaneous because we've got all these taxi companies on board. OK. Joining the trend of big tech companies, open sourcing deep learning tools, Baidu's Silicon Valley AI lab is releasing open source code called WRPCTC for CPUs and Nvidia GPUs. The tool can speed up machine learning frameworks up to 400 times according to rework. WRPCTC will be available on GitHub, hat tip to Hacker News poster, Super FX, who put the link up on Hacker News, which is where I saw it. Dogs faster, faster, faster. Yeah, more more open source machine learning coming from Google, from Facebook, and now from Baidu. It's an interesting time there for devs. Great, great. And finally, Intel reported revenue of $14.9 billion earnings per share of $0.74 a year or $0.74 year over year numbers are fairly even last year with $0.74 also with revenue down there at $14.72 billion. So they even popped the revenue up year over year a little bit. Performance beat analysts' expectations of $0.63 a share and just surpassed expectations of revenue of $14.8 billion. So good numbers from Intel, but apparently not good enough because immediate after hours trading went down. I guess they were expecting them to surpass them even more. Intel is at an interesting point with Brian Krozanich, their CEO, trying to double down in some ways with acquisitions that can help them with the processor development, but also getting into robotics and some autonomous and drones and things like that. So it is a transition period in some sense for Intel. So they must have done a fairly successful job of reducing their dependency on the PC sales then since the PC sales are what, five years in decline now? Yeah, well, yes. Intel's big thing has been, well, desktops and laptops are declining. We need to get into the smaller devices and they've started to be able to do that. So they're getting a few more mobile processors sold tablet processors, Microsoft Surface, et cetera. So that's that's a good thing. Doesn't seem like that would be enough to surpass how much the other the PC and laptop business are going down. Apparently it is. Yeah, that and the other and the other businesses that they're getting in is enough to keep the revenue coming in. What's that? Servers might still be doing well. I don't know. Yeah, and I'm sure servers are at least stable for them. Right. But yeah, it's a patchwork. And I think that illustrates exactly the challenge that Intel faces, which is there isn't one thing that they can rely on. They can't jump out of the desktop and server processor business because that is still where they get most of their money. But it's not the thing that's going to carry them forward. So they've got to keep trying all these different things to move forward. And Krozenich has been very good at focusing them and saying, you're not going to try that, but we are going to try this, this and this. Yeah, well, if they're the patchwork is good. That's diversification. Yeah, exactly. Hey, thanks to the folks who submitted stories on our subreddit, dailytechnewshow.reddit.com. It definitely helps us put this show together each and every day. So get in there and vote. If you do nothing else, dailytechnewshow.reddit.com. That's a look at the headlines. All right, so the World Wide Web Consortium W3C, you often hear them called maintains the standards for the web. So when HTML5 is ratified, it's ratified by the W3C. There was a controversy in 2013. We talked about it where the W3C added support for DRM to the HTML5 standard. And that was because the argument went, we have to support the fact that people are doing DRM in the browser or else they're going to continue to do third party plugins. This at least makes it an equal access. And there's a lot of misunderstanding around this. DRM in the browser in HTML5 does not put DRM in HTML5. It's an API that says, if you're going to have encrypted content, then this is how the browser can deal with that. And the DRM scheme all happens on the side of the content provider. But it says, OK, if you're going to have a key and you're going to have encryption, we're going to have an extension that works with that. In fact, it's called the EME, the Encrypted Media Extension. Now the EFF, which battled that, they didn't want any acknowledgment of DRM in the HTML standard at all, is proposing modifications to the charter of the W3C Encrypted Media Extension's working group. That would require participants in the group who make standards to promise not to sue people who report bugs or to make tools that connect to theirs. A similar rule was put in place for software patents requiring standards for participants not to sue over anything that the group produced. And that's been in place since the early 2000s. The proposal passed a December poll and is now being considered by W3C CEO Jeff Jaffe and Director Tim Berners-Lee, the guy who made the web. Berners-Lee was in favor of the API for Encrypted Media Extensions. He said, if content protection of some kind has to be used for videos, it's better for it to be discussed in the open at W3C, better for everyone to use an interoperable standard as much as possible and better to be framed in a browser, which can be open source and available on a general purpose computer rather than a special purpose box. Those are key arguments for the decision, and that's why he supported it. Given that I don't think we're going to get rid of the Encrypted Media Extension. How does this strike you, Alison, as a way to protect the interoperability of the Internet? Well, my understanding was that what the EFF is asking for in this latest ruling supports the W3C's belief that they need to support DRM because it's going to exist, but they need to support in a way that neither says it's good or bad, neither nor says it's good or bad. It's just saying, OK, it exists, and therefore, if it's going to exist, we need to have standards on that. So they want to be able to have these standards in place. I'm still getting confused on exactly what DRM is in terms of the web. Is it I mean, if you've got a paywall to the to the Wall Street Journal, is that is that considered DRM? No, it's it's more often used with video than anything else. And a really good example of it is Netflix. Netflix used to require a flash plugin. That way they could put their DRM scheme into the plugin. Now, Netflix can run natively in the browser. It's one of the reasons you can do Netflix in Linux because the browser standard now allows for an Encrypted Media Extension. They don't have to do a plug in to have the DRM running on the Netflix video. And the whole reason Netflix has DRM running is so that you don't capture it and and then put it up on BitTorrent. OK, OK. One thing that I love that you put it up on the pirate bay using BitTorrent because I don't think BitTorrent will let you put it up on their thing. That's the dark web. Where ever the one thing that bothers me here is that the way the EFF has written up some of this information is they say specifically that DRM is there to keep you from doing what you want with the video. Well, yes, if that. You know, yes, under certain circumstances, that is the effect. But that's not why they do it. They do it because they want you to pay for it. That's why they do it. They don't do it to stop you from having fun. The but it has that effect. And often it is that. So for example, I think that effect. Well, for instance, if you buy an encrypted piece of video from Voodoo, let's say, and you want to play it on a monitor and you very often and iTunes is the same way may get a message saying, oh, that monitor isn't supported. You can't play it on that monitor. Right. Now, you're not trying to steal it. You're not trying to do anything with it, except watch it. Watch the thing you paid for. And that's the kind of thing EFF is talking about is that DRM gets in the way of you doing legitimate things with the legitimate digital properties that you have accessed. A great example and a reason for the second rule, which I think is the more confusing one, like, OK, if I'm going to participate in setting the standards for DRM, I can't sue somebody who makes something that accesses my DRM to products. Why would that be an issue? I was trying to think of a good example of this. And so I don't think you actually said what what we have both read, which is that this is part of the EFF's proposal to the W3C, is that one of the rules would be if you participate in the standards body, then you don't get to sue other people if they follow these standards and use it to do something you don't want them to do. Yeah. So specifically report bugs or make a tool that connects to your tool. And that second one is the one where you're like, well, wait a minute, that sounds like making a ripping software. And that's illegal anyway. That's not what we're talking about. And the best example I could think of, and maybe you guys can think of a better one, send it to us if you do, was Google TV. Remember, Google TV had a Chrome browser on it and you could watch Hulu. But Hulu had made all of their deals with the idea that a lot of the video could only be seen on a desktop or laptop. So when suddenly you were watching it in a browser on a television, Hulu started blocking Google TV's Chrome browser. Now, if I made a Chrome extension that told Chrome to send the identification that it was not on Google TV and therefore got around the Hulu block, I could possibly be sued under the DMCA. There's an argument for it. And what this rule says is if you're part of the standards body, you're not going to sue those people for making an interoperability extension. Oh, that is such a great example, because the answer to that is if you didn't participate, if Hulu didn't participate in helping to make the standard, then they can sue you for making that. Absolutely. It seems like this would motivate. I always look back to you make a rule. What the what behaviors doesn't motivate? It motivates people to not help make the standard. Right. Yeah.  Maybe I don't want to do that. And the other effect is if you really are into this and you're like, look, I'm not about closing down the web. I just want to make sure that we can do encrypted media. Then it stops you from using lawsuits as a scare tactic. Right. I mean, going out if, for instance, Hulu had gone after someone who made such a Chrome extension, it might they might not be able to win in court, but it might not matter because the person who made the Chrome extension may just be one developer who's like, yeah, forget it. I don't want to I don't want to deal with it, even if I would win. It's too costly. So it it it works both ways. Right. It's going to keep the more vigilant DRM proponents out and try to make sure that the people who do want DRM that are participating are not threatening the interoperability and security research that needs to go on. Yeah, I think the interoperability thing is just got to be the number one thing we protect. I just I always think of the movie, I think it was Mission to Mars where they they land on Mars, I don't know, the ship blows up or whatever and they get stranded there and they're like, oh, what are we going to do? And they so they start wandering in the desert of Mars and they find a ship that had been crashed there years and years before and they go, oh, look, we can just plug into here for power. Really, the connector worked. Yeah. I mean, the battery was still good. Yeah. But I mean, have you ever found two connectors? Wait, wait, I've got five on my desk that don't plug into each other. You know, so interoperability to me is that just they got to fix that. I mean, when I when I was that was one of the EFF's objections to the 2013 implementation was that this changes the interoperability of the web. Suddenly, you are interoperating with things that can't interoperate back because they're encrypted. And Tim Berners-Lee was on the other side of the argument saying, look, we're we're not doing the encryption. We're just acknowledging the fact that this exists. And we'd rather them do it as part of the open standard than to do it as a plug in. And the argument ran like and maybe this will allow them to experiment with dropping encryption and dropping DRM. Whereas if they were in their own plug in, they probably never would. Right. Right. Right. By the way, Beatmaster just corrected me. It was Red Planet. Oh, yeah. Those are easily confused. Totally don't want to find their comedies, right? Are they musicals? It's like Dante's Peak and Volcano. They're musical comedies. I think they were they were they were both. Definitely funny. All right, let's get to our pick of the day. Linda writes, I know this was mentioned in one of your episodes when Allison Sheridan was a guest, but in my opinion, it deserves more attention. Taming the Terminal podcast is a joint production with Bart. How do you pronounce Bart's last name? Bouchots. Bouchots. Bouchots, who is a cis admin at an Irish university, does a superb job of explaining all kinds of things. The podcast, which may or may not see any more episodes, is a great standalone course on Terminal for Mac OS X, as well as being applicable to many versions of Linux and Windows. The goal is to help people get comfortable with Terminal and learn efficient ways to control the computer. What makes this particular way of learning so cool, says Linda, is that Allison is willing to ask questions that some might consider dumb, which is a huge help to those of us who are listening and asking those same questions or just sitting there feeling dumb because we don't know it already. Wow, that is that is fantastic. Yeah, Bart did I think it's like 35 episodes and then we packaged it all up and made it its own standalone podcast. And it's got a beautiful tutorial on his site every single page. So if you want to learn the terminal, you can start at one and go to 35. It's it was a lot of fun. Thank you very much, Linda. And BartBouchots.ie will have the link in the show notes as well. And if you can't spell it, BartB.ie. Oh, BartB.ie works, too. That's great, because I can't spell it. I made a text-expander snippet for it. Send your picks to us, folks. Feedback to DailyTechNewShow.com. You can find more picks at DailyTechNewShow.com slash picks. In fact, I just at the prompting of someone on Twitter this morning, put a link to my Amazon store that has all of the equipment that I use in my studio here. And that is at DailyTechNewShow.com slash picks. I got a couple of emails regarding the decline of PCs. The first one is Dragon Six, who says I am a buyer for a major retailer for computers. And I wanted to send you my two cents on the decline of the PC. While it's true that PCs are on the decline, as more people use their cell phone as their primary internet device, I am seeing more people switching from tablets to convertible PCs. Tablet sales are down significantly while the tablet laptop hybrids are doing very well. And then Devin said, I own a computer store in Canada. And from my firsthand experience, I've seen the PC market slow down except for one area, gaming PCs. Up until the Canadian dollar took a dive, I was selling two gaming computers for every one mom and pop computer. Yeah, I don't I would agree with that with no facts to support it. Well, it's a couple of anecdotal observations, but it's people, you know, who are selling PCs. And I think it bears out kind of what Patrick and I were getting to. Yaru wrote in was like, wait a minute, we do need to track PCs. Don't don't say we need to stop tracking PCs. And I guess we didn't make our point clear to some people. We weren't saying don't track sales. We were saying the category PC isn't useful anymore. So we need to track desktops and laptops and tablets and convertibles and hybrids and and and and start to look at it differently because that old category of PC just doesn't even really exist anymore. I didn't really get that point until I heard you say that I forget if it was Gartner or IDC that said that, oh, but if we had included tablets that tear off of PCs, it would be a different number. I'm like, well, OK, then what, you know, what is a computer? Well, yeah. And if you look at the overall market of of devices that have chips in them and can access the Internet, you know, that has definitely continued to rise over time. So I I just think it's at this point, PC has become a little bit of an old fashioned term. Yeah. Or at least it's becoming that. Scott said one thing that might help going forward is external GPUs. This will help you with with your computers. It's an enclosure that has a graphics card and plugs into your computer via Thunderbolt or USB-C. You can simply upgrade the graphics card without replacing the entire computer. This means you can have an older laptop or even a MacBook like me and give it new life. I've heard a lot of people being very enthusiastic about these real hardcore gamers don't like the latency that's introduced by by a plug. Even even though it's very small. But if you're not looking for like shaving off every single bit of performance that you can, it can certainly turn an older computer into something that could do things it would never be able to do otherwise. Remember, and I'm glad they give this specific example of the of the Macs, is that the MacBook Pros have, if it's young enough, it has a Thunderbolt port, which is essentially like having a PCIe slot. Yeah, you're going to get the speeds. You're not going to have that latency. So that that's a some people even still argue that there's latency because it has to travel down the cord. But really, people still argue. Hey, man. Yeah, it's weird, huh? It's it's it's like we still argue on the Internet. What is this? Two thousand sixteen. Oh, yeah, it is. And as Scott mentioned yesterday, Andy Beach was listening when we talked about the HEVC codec yesterday and wrote like summoning a genie. You say bitrate or compression three times and I appear. He said I was literally already jotting down notes as I listened. Here's my thoughts regarding the HEVC article on bitrate compression. If you didn't hear it yesterday, it was basically the BBC Research Lab confirming that in subjective tests, they found that people watching this 4k HEVC codec or compression standard were were able to not notice a difference with a 50 percent bitrate reduction. And he says the numbers were good and what we would have expected. It's great to see big companies like the BBC already going down the H.265 path, H.265 and HEVC go hand in hand and it indicates it may see quicker adoption than its predecessor. Hardware decode support will continue to limit wider deployment and use, but expect to see more and more announcements for that in the next 18 months. And just because H.265 is the new hotness, don't expect H.264 to disappear overnight. It'll be around for a good long time and keep your eye on Google's VP9 and AOMedia, whatever they come up with as potential competitors to H.265 will be interesting to watch. Now, he's got a whole lot more detail about what these mean that he sent us in an email and he was nice enough to let us turn it into a blog post. So if you go to dailytechnewshow.com, look for that blog post in the writing section by Andy Beach. If you're interested in learning more about why he's saying the things that he's saying here. OK, cool. H.265. Yes, smart listeners. I know the smartest listeners ever. It's so awesome. And I love that Andy was already right and right into us. And then he did the genius thing of like writing this big, long explanation, which was awesome, but providing me the cliff notes at the end. Yeah, so that I can summarize. Yeah, so it could give you the points on the show without having to read the entire email. And then if you're interested, you can go check, get more information. It's fantastic. Finally, Redneck Tech posted on our blog. Hey, during your discussion of the mom and pop tech shop in France that Patrick was describing, I was reminded of the ACP computer and electronics meet in Santa Ana, California. Not sure if you've heard of this from your lair in LA, but I thought you might be interested. It's only on the last Sunday of every odd month. So January 31st, 2016 is the next one. But it is filled with knowledgeable people that are fun to meet. I love stuff like that. Yeah, if I can make myself drive down the 405. Maybe we could park pool or something. Yeah, I could pick you up and we could we could take a look at the ACP. We could hardly just talk to each other because we don't want to talk to real people in real life. That's exactly why I go to things with people I know. That's not even a joke. Not because I don't like other people and just, I don't know. I'm one of those shy people in public. I think nerds in particular. Yeah, but thank you, Redneck Tech, for posting that on the blog. And thank you, Allison Sheridan, for being on the show. This was fantastic. Yay, always love being on. Podfeet.com is the place to go. P-O-D-F-E-E-T dot com. Any shenanigans you've been getting up to lately? Yep, this time the shenanigans are Steve and I did about 35 interviews at CES. And we didn't go to the big stuff. You know, we didn't go to Samsung and we didn't see Ford or any of those. We went to all the weird little booths that just kind of caught our attention. So you really don't know what you're going to get. But a lot of fun videos, Steve's posting them about five a week right now. Instead of just annundating you, we're just kind of dribbling them out. And a lot of cool stuff in there, some really fun stuff. Well, a huge thanks for sending us the reports from CES that we were including in the shows last week. That was that was awesome. And I'm glad to see there's more where that came from. Oh, good, good. Yeah, I liked it. It was that was a lot of fun. It felt like it was, you know, beat reporter. Yeah, that's awesome. Pod feet dot com, P O D F E E T dot com. Thanks to everyone who supports the show. Our Patreon is patreon dot com slash D T N S. That's the main way we get our funding helps us budget. But there's lots of ways to support the show, including PayPal, Bitcoin or our store. You can find links to all of that at daily tech news show dot com slash support. If you're wondering like, wait a minute, what kind of things could I get in the store? Alison's wearing one right now. I got a D T N S T shirt for Christmas for my daughter. It says born ready and D T N S vertically. What does it say down below? Oh, it says daily tech news show dot com. I don't know if it says anything on the back because I can't see it, but nice quality shirts. Now I have two D T N S shirts. Oh, cool. All the kids are wearing them. That is an infinite percentage number more than I'd have. You don't have any. I haven't. OK, somebody needs to buy Thomas's shirt. No, don't buy me a shirt. No, do not buy me a shirt. I would bug David Michael into sending me one. If you're sure. He's probably like meant to send me one anyway, because I have the mug. He's, you know, it's good about that. I just forget about the shirts. So I've got plenty of shirts. I'm not going to go shirtless any time soon. Thank God for that. Daily tech news show dot com slash support. Our email address is feedback at daily tech news show dot com. Give us a call 51259 daily. It's 5932459 catch the show live Monday through Friday 4 30 p.m. Eastern on either alpha geek radio dot com or diamond club dot TV and visit our website. Daily tech news show dot com. Back tomorrow with Len Peralta illustrating and Peter Wells from Australia, talk to you then. The show is part of the frog pants network. Get more at frog pants dot com. Diamond Club hopes you have enjoyed this program. Jenny's rapping in the chat room. I saw that. That's awesome. I was like, I know there's a snoop title in there somewhere. Hell's yeah. You didn't call me by any chance. Who me? I know maybe Marriott called him. Well, someone called me on the hangout during the show. Is that like from a phone number, which is weird, but. Ellie. Was it Ellie? Maybe Ellie was calling you. A good show. What should we call this? Let's see. We have leave the nest forcibly forcibly in this case. I hope I'm on the road. Open source, Mr. Sulu. Oh, because this is wait, Mr. Sulu's Japanese. Don't D.R.M. Don't tell snoop gate. Danger W3 standards. Octo processor.  Was he though? I don't know that he really was. OK, I kind of like Snoop Dogg lights up Microsoft. That is both true and Snoop Dogg ish. Yes, we're so many levels. That's good. We rock sometimes. Well, by do OK. Make a tool that connects to your tool. Yes, that's good. And then, of course, one by some deadbeat Jenny J. One, two, three into the force. Snoop through his Xbox to the floor. You made yourself laugh when you wrote that. Didn't you? It's too long. I just put in there. That should go in the description. Yeah. He didn't technically either throw his Xbox to the floor, but he was certainly peeved. He wanted to. That's the empty battery nest syndrome. Mike grow papa. Oh, one, two, three and two. I'm going to throw my Xbox to the floor. Yeah, maybe from the people who bought you Clippy. That was good. I get it. There's got to be a snoop. Come on, people. Get the lyrics out. It's got to be Snoop title. I demand it. One, two, three and two. The fall you made me on. Ain't nothing but a gates thing.  It's not really gates. It's not gates. We mean gates. It's just not, though. Like it's not really it doesn't have the same ring to say ain't nothing but a such a thing. It's such a not a G thing, baby. God, there we go. White people. It's such a not a G thing. Snoop dog. That fits the beat structure. It's such a not a G thing. Snoop dog. You realize how handicapped I am in this conversation when you made a joke about a lyric? I just wonder if that's like a music thing or something. I was just trying to buy you time. I didn't expect you to pick it up because I knew you were looking for the line. I don't know. It's such a not a G thing, baby. That don't know what are we going with? What are we going with? Oh, no, I want to give it a little more time for Snoop titles. I we got more time. I'm exporting out of time. I don't know. Someone else choose now I have to look. Well, I do like I hope I'm on the road. Might be might be biased voting, though. You got to watch for that. Don't do your own don't tell is pretty funny. Leave the nest. Don't do your own don't tell. I kind of like Snoop Dogg lights up Microsoft of the snoops. I like that one. OK, it's going to be there. Don't do your own don't tell because it fits the main topic and it's good or Snoop Dogg lights up Microsoft. Yeah. I'm giving you two seconds. I like the first one. I like the second one. I like the second one. Which one is the second one? Snoop Dogg lights up Microsoft is the second one. Don't D.R.M. Don't tell us the first. All right. No, you can do the D.R.M. one. It's fine. Why are you backing out of a clear Democratic victory for your for your title? Well, because right now they're tied. Snoop Dogg lights up Microsoft. Should be dashed M dash, I think. Yeah. OK. Thank you, Ellie. There it goes. That's my people. All right. Did you just log in on another browser? I would never play such games. I don't need to see the power of chat realm. That's exactly exactly one. Snoop Dogg's blunt with Microsoft. Where'd that come from? Be better. Just put that in. Last minute submission. Could we please? Is that better? I've already exported. Damn it. I mean, I'm in the process, but there's always the chance to change. Which one is it? Snoop Dogg's blunt with Microsoft. I mean, I love it. It just showed up more street than Snoop Dogg lights up Microsoft. Yeah, I know. It just depends on your particular comfort level with. Snoop Dogg gets blunt with Microsoft. I mean, it just makes me happy. And that's like probably the most important part of any title. It doesn't make you happy. Snoop Dogg lights up Microsoft. I have to keep in mind that my wife works with him from time to time. Hey, I'll tell you what, he would not mind this title. I don't think he would. Either one of them. I think he would appreciate the complex word play. Although I do. There is always something to say for the guy who's first to the title like 40 thieves was. I think I'm going to call it from my end. Got to go to a haircut. OK, fun. Thank you for being on the show. I know it's been a busy day for you, so I really appreciate it, Allison. Yeah, thanks. I've been I'm editing a three-camera shoot video screencast for Don McAllister. Oh, wow. I've never done that before where we did video from a camcorder, video from our an iPhone and then screencast video. And I'm mixing and matching, going in and out, trying to demonstrate using a Mac, an iPad Air, an iPad Pro, an iPhone, an Apple Pencil. All it like. Wow. Yeah, that's challenging. Yeah, there's like 150 cuts and it's 28 minutes long. Damn, you're going to have some shops after that. Yeah, it's it's nuts. It's really challenging, but I figured I could squeeze this in. It's too fun not to. So well, thank you. I appreciate it. All right. Talk to you soon. All right. Cheers. Bye, Roger. Bye, Ollie. Strike It Rich wonders if I'm interested in Colony, that new show in USA Network. And I was interested in it. And then it got panned by a couple of people I read, but I might still go back and watch. Why is Sawyer always in bad shows? Oh, you mean Josh Holloway? Yeah, because my dog's named Sawyer. I know. After that character. I know. But he has not been there. And so I was I was trying to take offense on behalf of my dog. I don't know. I have a delayed a delayed reading of the next door dot com headlines. Are we ready? Mine didn't come to the middle of the show. Menudo and Mexican Grill delivers one way to deter bike thefts. Remote controlled shockers. Oh, boy. It's followed by my bike was stolen. Of course. Makes sense. What other good ones we have? Looking for a new roommate as my roommate, Josh, is moving to Las Vegas exclamation point. That's the title. Yeah. OK. It's good SEO. Yeah. I mean, I guess, I guess. That's probably the best of it. I'm a big fan of looking for a new roommate as my roommate Josh's movie to Las Vegas. It's kind of a lot of personal information right there on the headline. I don't I don't imagine Josh is pleased. That's why it's moving, to be honest. Pullout couch, large desk unit and small desk for sale. Brought to you by not anyone. We don't get anything for that. But I'm saying we don't take ads on Daily Tech News show. But if you want to sponsor our mocking of your service in our post show, let's talk. Yeah. We're not really mocking the service. I'm mocking it, not the service itself, because I find the service to be quite useful. But maybe the people. I'm mocking the people in my neighborhood. Who mocks the people in your neighborhood? It is Jenny, she does. All right. So that's that. That was next door. Menus. That makes me hungry. And it makes me want to listen to 80s pop. That's quite for me. I've been there already. I've been down that road. You've been down the Manuto Road. Very briefly, I took a left turn down Manuto Road. You passed the duchy on the left hand side. I made a Ricky Martin and got right out of there. Snoop Dogg's blunt with Microsoft has been chosen, ladies and gentlemen. Sorry, 40 thieves. I apologize.  Oh, sorry. I can't resist. Oh, yeah. Hobbit from PA got my mind on my Xbox and my Xbox on my mind. Y'all. Y'all. Oh, 40 thieves very kindly reminds us that we should perhaps plug the thing we did yesterday. Oh, yeah. We're in soft launch. So this is the perfect time. So yeah, go to letstalkaboutstarwars.com. You'll see an AMove TV page, which is our temporary blog for a show called Let's Talk About Star Wars, a monthly chat of myself, Garrett Weinserle and Jenny Josephson, sharing theories, rumors, and speculation about the world of Star Wars. How do you say Weinserle? Did I just do it?  It's my new co-host. I should probably pronounce his name right. And you're Thomas Merritt. Tomas. Tomas Merritt. So sorry. Yeah, OK. It's all right. It's fine. I get that a lot. Let's talk about starwars.com. It's great. It's like the Poe show, but with more Star Wars. Yeah, it's basically the Poe show. Like when we talk about Star Wars and the Poe show, that's a good preview. Yeah. It's laid back. It's not yelly or angry. There's no rundown. Yeah. This is a chat podcast. Yep. We're not here to do the news. There's no dissenting opinion. I didn't say this to you two, but my definite approach is this is not about us being right. We're not trying to provide news other than, like, oh, I read this article, and this is what it said. Yeah. Right? You can't do a show with that interval. No, no. This is not about being comprehensive about Star Wars rumors. This is about us theorizing. Yeah. And that's an important point to make, because there are many good Star Wars podcasts out there that do exactly that. Yeah, Star Wars reports. We had Riley on Court Killers on Monday. He's great. He's great, and that's a great show. Go subscribe to him. Yeah, but we're just talking. Yeah, this is if you like to hear people speculate. You want to hear theories from people who love Star Wars. And Jenny and Garrett are two people in my circle of friends who talk about Star Wars at a very high index level.  No, no, definitely not, because I'm also that same guy. I am also going to make the puns from Star Wars. Yeah, I'm excited. You will be. Excited. TVZ Gun says it was lovely. Thank you TVZ Gun. And 40 thieves listened while making dinner, grinning all the way through. That's that's that's like the poll quote right there. I put it in my very broadly distributed Star Wars secret group that we founded when it was still not cool to talk about Star Wars on main Facebook. Yeah, Beatmaster actually asked what the current rule on TFA spoilers is. And as far as Star Wars, let's talk about Star Wars.com goes. We are going to spoil everything. Everything. Yeah. So if you don't want to be spoiled about Star Wars things, don't listen. Yeah. If you consider theories a spoiler, because we might be right. Don't listen. Totally. But we won't. We might be right on like one thing. I doubt. Yeah. I mean, we actually on this last episode, it was all about one particular character. And we put forth so many different theories that I have feeling one of them has to be right. I probably should go back through and make a list of the theories we pro pro pro claimed without there. I'll just keep saying words until they're right. Yeah. Proposed. There it is. You propose theories. Positive. There we go. Now now the thesaurus is kicked in. Oh, rebel base. I listen to the rebel drum and bass. I listen to I want to know what who has fly casual. You know, fly casual. You know, fly casual. Oh, it's a 96 page source book for smugglers in the Star Wars edge of Empire role playing game. That seems like kind of a waste of a title. Oh, the domain is taken by that. I couldn't believe let's talk about Star Wars dot com was available. I know. Seems like somebody's terrible mistake. I couldn't believe daily tech news show dot com was available to be honest when it when it was. And that's our entire destiny was. Destined. Yeah, you almost had it. Yeah. It is your destiny. It is your density. My density has put me to you. All right, I'm out of the post. So thanks everybody for watching and we'll talk to you tomorrow.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will learn about subsets. Now if A and B are two sets such that every element in B then a subset is at least one element of A which is not a number of B, then we say that A is not a subset of B. And if A is not a subset of B is not a subset of P. Now let us discuss an example for the subsets of the letters of the word biggest. First of the set of letters of the word B, I, G, E, S is the set containing the elements B that every element of the set Q, set Q is in set P. Let A is a set containing the elements N, C and B is the set containing that B is the element of set A is not in set B, not a subset of B. Now when B, when A is a subset of B then, now let us see an example for this. The elements 1 and B is a set containing the elements 1, 2. Now here you can see that every element of set plus what is a proper subset and B of B is not equal to B then we say that a proper subset and we write thus A is not equal to P subset of B. Now let us see an example for this. Let A is a set containing the elements 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 and B is the set containing the elements 1 and 3. Now here you can see that every element of set B or B is the subset of A. Therefore B is not equal to A, therefore B is the proper subset of how to calculate the number of subsets of a given set. Now a set containing, now let us see an example for this. Let A is a set containing the elements 1 and 2. Now all possible elements 2 and a set containing the elements 1 and set A is equal to, which is equal to 2 raised to power 2 that the 4 subsets of the set A are the set containing the elements, the empty set finding single element A and the set containing single element B. Therefore is equal to 2, therefore number of minus 1 which is equal to 2 raised to power 2 minus 1 which is equal to 4 minus 1 which is equal to 3 and these are proper subsets, proper subsets. Example for this, during the elements 1, 2, 3, B is the set containing the elements 2, 3, 4. That is this is the basic set to complement of a set of a universal or not in the set A. This is an example for this. Now let the universal set be denoted by U which is the set containing the elements 1, 2 is the set containing the elements of the universal set which are not in A but which are not in A. It will be equal to the set we have learnt about. Hope you all have enjoyed the session.


The next item of business is a member's business debate on motion 2.930, in the name of Fulton MacGregor, on what this way at Dunbeth park. I'm intrigued. This debate will be concluded without any questions being put with those members who wish to speak in the debate. Please press the request to speak buttons now. I call on Fulton MacGregor to open the debate seven minutes, please, Mr MacGregor. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I'd like to, first of all, thank colleagues who supported this motion and those who have decided to stay and speak in the debate tonight. I know that Ruth Maguire will, for the SNP, mention other initiatives in her constituency area on the topic, Graham Simpson, for the Tories, who has taken the time out to come and speak to me about the debate. I'm also delighted to say that Elaine Smith, a fellow Cope Bridger, and quite fittingly has also decided to speak in the debate. I say quite fittingly because Dunbeth park is an area to the east of Cope bridge towards the border, and I grew up in an area on one side of the park, and Elaine is from an area on the other, so I think that that's actually very, very fitting. I think that those debates should be all about. I'm pleased to be able to bring this subject to the chamber today, especially on the 20th anniversary of Paths for All. For those who aren't familiar with the charity, I know that the minister will speak a wee bit more about it, but it is an organisation that is devoted to encouraging and promoting walking in all communities across Scotland. I would like to take the opportunity again to congratulate the staff and students at the Cope Bridge campus of New College Lanarkshire on the recent student association unveiling of their walk this way walking routes at Dunbeth park, as I said, within the constituency, and of course welcome them to the chamber today. I hope that the creation of those paths will encourage even more people in Cope Bridge and the wider community to enjoy the park. I've said already that this was my local park when I was growing up and I still use it regularly. To go round it normally is about just over a kilometre, so I thought I would use the mile routes that is put in by the students and it was more challenging doing it that way. Although the motion makes mention of Dunbeth park, it would be unfair for me not to mention other great places to walk in my constituency, mainly post Industrial Heartland. Some people from out with the area are often surprised to learn about the quite stunning walks, such as Dream Bell, your country park, known as the locks locally, or Gartclawshire Nature Reserve, or you could walk along the old muntland canal going through summer lee here at each park. I would encourage anyone listening to come and visit the area, and I'm sure that Elaine would back me up on that and do a wee tourist information. It's undeniable the positive impact walking can have on health, both physical and mental, and it's something that a lot of people, alone, are important to remember that not everyone can take part in as it's free and accessible for all ages. People can go walking themselves, with the dog or with their family, and walking as major health benefits and studies have shown that regular walking alone has been shown to the just risk of chronic illness, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke and some cancers. A community group in my constituency who have taken all of this on board are Muirhead District and Seniors Forum. In addition to keeping local residents in the 55 plus age bracket up to date with community local authority and national information, the forum in July this year set up a walking group. Financial assistance was provided by Age Scotland, allowing the group to get started, and the group now averaged 15 of three train group leaders heading out along various routes twice a month at various levels of difficulties. The group leaders explore potential routes for suitability. I'm told that a cafe is an essential requirement as a main purpose of the group is to combat loneliness within the community. Another local group that I would like to mention in my constituency is the St Monica's Rambler. The club was formed 25 years ago and since then have dedicated themselves to organising walks every fortnight. Members are primarily from Coatbridge, but they come from across Lanarkshire with members of all ages. I've had some contact with the Ramblers this week and there's truly something for everyone with everything from scaling rows to more local walks in a really, really inclusive group. I'd agreed when I was speaking to the Ramblers group this week to maybe go a walk with them at some point this year, but looking on their website at some of the walks that they undertake I'd better get into training fast. If there's somebody else I don't mention when talking about walking, it won't go down well in the McGregor family home and I might even get de-invited for Christmas dinner because my dad and mum are avid walkers. My dad is a self-proclaimed ro-bagger. He has many under his belt and I can't recall how many he is, but I know he's down to the very sort of more difficult ones now, so I think he'll be quite pleased that I've mentioned him today. He's taken on some quite challenging summits, usually to my mum's horror as he'll say, and this is an easy one before they start off. I may try to follow on his footsteps, but so far I've only managed a handful of these walks. There's no doubt that as a society we have become much more reliant on cars in recent years. Even for short distances, like taking our children to primary school or going to the local shops. I believe that a year of walking, well-publicised, will encourage more people to walk these shop distances as well as raising awareness of how enjoyable walking one of Scotland's hills or Monroe's or any of the great walks that we have can be. I hope that this is an overall consensual debate and I hope that it is something that we can get behind. It's clear that organisations of that initiative, such as those that I have mentioned, will play a vital role in helping us to achieve this goal and get everyone who can out to enjoy walking. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Having mentioned your file, you're guaranteed trifle now. I now call Margaret Mitchell to be followed by Elaine Smith. Ms Mitchell, please. Presiding Officer, I welcome the opportunity to acknowledge and pay tribute to Pass For All for the excellent work that it has carried out over 20 years, which is indeed a real milestone. I also congratulate Fulton MacGregor for tabling this motion and, in doing so, highlighting the work of staff and students at the Coatbridge campus of New College Lanarkshire. The campus successfully merged into New College Lanarkshire in 2004, joining with the other main campuses of Cumbernauld, Motherwell and Kirkntillock. As such, as I learned on a visit earlier this year to the Coatbridge campus, New College Lanarkshire NCL, for short, now provides almost two-thirds of the further and higher education provision in Lanarkshire and delivers qualifications to almost 27,000 students. As the motion states, the Coatbridge campus, working in partnership with Pass For All, has unveiled the new Walk This Way walking routes in Dunbeth park in Coatbridge. Those newly designed walks in the park are graded and colour coded. For example, the blue route is nothing.5 miles in length, the yellow one increases to nothing.75 miles and then the yellow route walk increases to one mile. Clearly, people can start on a shorter route and then gradually increase the distance while enjoying different aspects of the park. The three walks within Dunbeth park are included under the generic name of co-root to reflect Coatbridge's coal mining history. In two of NCL's other campus areas, a steel route is to be located in Motherwell and an iron route in Cumbernauld. All three routes have been designed by creative art students under the Pass For All walking for fitness programme. Pass For All has reached its 20th anniversary as a testament to the impact that this charity is having on the everyday lives of people across Scotland, encouraging them to get out and get walking in the interests of fitness and health. It comes as no surprise that Rambler Scotland was one of the founding partners of the Pass For All partnership and has maintained a close relationship with the organisation over the last 20 years. Just to make quite clear the advantages of walking, those include not only physical and mental benefits but a free and accessible pursuit, which in turn helps to counter loneliness, especially when undertaken as part of a walking group. However, I want to concentrate on the remainder of my comments on Dunbeth Park itself. As a native of Coatbridge, from the Cliftonville area where the park is located, I fully appreciate just what a pivotal role it plays in providing leisure pursuits in the area. By way of background, the park dates back to the Victorian era and was gifted to the local community by the Baird family in 1887. At that time, the park, as we know it, was surrounded by fields and partial marshland. However, by 1940, the area that covers just over 11 hectares was surrounded by housing on three sides as a result of the industrialisation of Coatbridge. The park has five entrances, one of which provided a shortcut for me, as I walked home from Coatbridge High as a pupil. I thought that you want to know that, Presiding Officer, as with the rest of the chamber. Perhaps more importantly, today it includes bowling greens, all-weather football, pitches and three rugby pitches on offence children's playgrounds. In conclusion, there is absolutely no doubt that Dunbeth Park is a well-loved and well-utilised green space, which now has the welcome addition of the coal route to encourage people of all ages without financial costs to engage in a healthier lifestyle. Presiding Officer, I congratulate Fulton MacGregor on securing this debate on the importance of walking for health, which is an issue that I am sure we can all agree on. Dunbeth Park is a place that I am very fond of, as Fulton MacGregor pointed out. I lived nearby as a child in a tenement with an outside toilet. My husband and I then bought our first flat close to the park, happily with an inside toilet but no heating. I currently live in the area happily with both an inside toilet and some heating. I do appreciate the park having had a history with it. I am also a member of Dunbeth bowling club, which, as Margaret Mitchell pointed out, is based in the park. Sadly, what I do not do is walk in the park often enough. Having signed that motion, I intend to make a new year resolution to try to walk there at least once a week. It is a great idea to have walking targets in the park, and I congratulate the students from New College Lanarkshire, who have been working with Pass For All to provide that incentive to aid health, wellbeing and fitness. By making exercise part of our daily routine, we can increase learning capacity, metabolism and overall feelings of wellbeing, as well as helping with weight loss. Recent research has shown that built environment or urban landscape around schools and colleges can actively deter younger people from walking anywhere. That is worse in areas that have already suffered from deprivation. We also know that those who come from a poorer background are more likely to be in worse health, and that makes it vital to tackle the root causes of inequality in our communities. It also means that it is extremely important to properly maintain attractive public areas. Providing information on the best walking routes can help to change habits for the better and encourage walking, as well as other exercise. That is all the more important, because a recent report by NHS Scotland said that physical inactivity costs us around £94 million a year. Obesity was also in the news recently. The Scottish Parliaments Health and Sport Committee has been looking into the issue, and last week at the committee, the Minister for Public Health noted that it is a significant problem. Obviously, walking and other exercise will help to reduce weight, but with regard to fitness and health, I think that an obesity plan for Scotland must also look at the ways that people are exposed to sugar and fatty foods, the cost of health and nutritious food. I want to make a mention tonight in a debate about wellness and fitness for increasing breastfeeding. We know that young adults who are exclusively breastfed for three months or more are significantly leaner and have less body fat than those who are not breastfed, so increasing breastfeeding, along with other life habit changes such as encouraging walking and things like free nutritious school meals, can have a massive effect on the general health of young people and last throughout their lifetime. What I would suggest would not be helpful is a punitive approach, which is the opposite to what has been proposed at the park and the walking routes that we have been talking about. I note that the UK Government recently dropped controversial proposals to withdraw benefits from people who refuse treatment for obesity, but the fact that that was considered is deeply worrying. I think that we should concentrate on positive ways to help people and encourage them in their fitness and to lose weight. Having a year of walking as outlined in the motion is a way that we can positively encourage everyone, but particularly our children and young people, to concentrate on their health and fitness. That is a really good idea, and part of that approach should be encouraging all our schools to use their own outdoor space, as well as local parks, such as Dynbeth. I hope that, in the future, the initiative act in Dynbeth park will be extended to parks in Cumbernauld, in Motherwell 2, as was mentioned by Margaret Mitchell, and as planned by the local colleges—sorry, the college. Once again, I congratulate Fulton MacGregor for bringing forward this important debate this evening. I call Ruth Maguire to be followed by Graham Simpson. I congratulate my colleague Fulton MacGregor on securing this debate and by welcoming the highly deserved parliamentary recognition that it accords to paths for all on its 20th anniversary. As the time for new year's resolutions approaches, I am sure that many of us will be thinking about how we could be fitter and more healthy in 2017. That is an implicit recognition of the benefits to all of us of good physical and indeed mental health, given the positive impact of physical wellbeing on our mental wellbeing. It is for this reason that walking groups such as paths for all are so important. As we have heard from contributions across the chamber this evening, the charity does excellent work in encouraging walking and good health throughout Scotland. My constituency is no exception. The KAA Walk, which takes place across North Ayrshire, welcomes walkers of all ages and abilities and provides a supportive and welcoming environment for anyone who is keen to start walking. As well as allowing people to reap the benefits of being physically active, emphasis is also placed on the social aspect of group walking. Family and friends are encouraged to attend together and people have the opportunity to meet others from the local community. The Cunningham Ramblers are another group that does excellent work in my constituency. As the local branch of the UK-wide Ramblers Association, they organise weekly walks within Ayrshire at various levels of difficulty. As with the paths for all groups, the Ramblers are open and welcoming to all, and the focus is likewise as much on making new friends as it is on the health benefits of walking. I could not be more sure of the positive impact that good health and good relationships have on our wellbeing and happiness. A landmark study entitled The Origins of Happiness, published this week by a team of researchers at LSE, is the latest contribution to decades' worth of research, indicating that social and psychological factors are more important to the wellbeing of individuals than income levels. Indeed, as well as we know through—although average incomes have more than doubled over the last 50 years, we are by no means happier on average. Though issues of income inequality and poverty are of huge importance and must be tackled, it is becoming ever clearer that our happiness is ultimately rooted in our physical and mental wellbeing and that that in turn relies on regular exercise, healthy eating and positive, respectful and fulfilling relationships. In the wider picture of working towards wholesome and sustainable wellbeing and happiness and better physical and mental health, walking groups have a hugely important role to play. I welcome this debate in marking their role and look forward to supporting their work locally to me in the future and maybe even getting the chance to join them out in the fresh air in the lovely Ayrshire countryside. I congratulate Fulton MacGregor on bringing this debate. It is important because it gives us a chance to highlight local walking routes as Fulton MacGregor has done, but it also highlights the importance of walking in general and getting out and about. I have to confess that I am not familiar with the park that Fulton MacGregor mentions, but it has been an eye-opener to me as a new member for Central Scotland, just the wealth of countryside that North Lanarkshire offers. I am more familiar with South Lanarkshire, but North Lanarkshire has a great deal to offer. I was recently visited a couple of times Barrens Hall in Motherwell, which offers a great chance to walk for miles, and there are plenty of other places as well. Last week, I became the vice convener of the cycling, walking and buses cross-party group. Alison Johnstone, just behind Fulton MacGregor, is one of the conveners. We formed that group because it is really important to put this issue on the map. It is not just about walking, it is basically about getting out and about and becoming fit, because most of us do not get enough exercise. Certainly before coming here, I did use my bike quite a lot. I walked as much as I could, but I found that I had been getting far more exercise since I had been spending more time in Edinburgh. It is a very friendly city for walking and cycling. I first got into walking at school. I went to school in Carlisle, and we had a base in the Lake District in Little Langdale. We used to have school trips. I met one of my former teachers recently, my first former teacher at high school. She was recalling how she had an absolute nightmare of a trip to that school in Little Langdale. It was a first outdoor trip, and it was horrendous for her, but lovely for us pupils, even though it poured down. I have loved walking on the outdoors ever since. I tried to get my own children into walking without much success until they left home, and then they have suddenly become fitness freaks, which I am very glad about. If you look me up on Google, you will find that I am a keen hill walker, and somebody did, because just the other week they asked me to become the species champion of the Bilbury Bumblebee, which is apparently found on Scotland's Hills. I am very pleased to accept that accolade and promote the Bilbury Bumblebee. I have mentioned it twice. You do not need special facilities to walk. We all know that. It is one of the easiest forms of exercise. It beats the gym. As I have said, I am keen on cycling. Just a few weeks ago, I was very pleased to open with Humza Yousaf the missing link of National Cycle Route 74, which runs from Glasgow to Carlisle. We together opened the last bit of that, and that was a very proud moment. I want to at some point cycle that whole route. I have also cycled the route from Glasgow to Edinburgh. That annual event, I would invite MSPs to join me in doing that at some point. If Fulton MacGregor fancies bagging among Rowell 2, I will happily join him. I was just thinking of the things that you learned from this chair about inside toilets and bumblebees and hills. My goodness, there is no end to it. Alison Johnstone, please. I thank Fulton MacGregor for ensuring that we debate this important issue this evening and for giving us the opportunity to congratulate paths for all on a very important anniversary. The consequences of not moving give us all the proof that we need that the human body is designed to move. Our health depends on movement, yet in recent decades physical activity rates have dropped off markedly. Recent evidence to the health committee, Ian Finlay from paths for all, said that over the past 50 to 60 years, we have done extremely well in designing physical activity out of our lifestyles. He is quite right. The cost burden and the life limiting impacts of increasing incidences of non-communicable disease means that it is essential that we make movement a priority. I was introduced today to the concept of movement snacks. Don't have a biscuit, get up and have a few steps. We only get one body for life. We need to nourish it, not just feed it, and we have to move it too. There is a growing body of evidence that physical activity is a key component in a healthy life. When it comes to physical activity, walking has so much to commend it. It helps your pocket, it helps your punch if you have one, it helps your mind, it helps your heart. You do not need special gear, walking can actually save you money. Would you believe that two thirds of all journeys in Scotland, under three kilometres, are taken by car? That is a distance from here to the castle and back. For most people, that is perfectly walkable, so you can see how much potential we have to save money, to cut pollution, to get fit, to get happier. A two-mile walk has the potential to change how you feel about your day. While I live in Lothian, with its excellent bus service, it is fair to say that, on many occasions, I beat the 35 bus up the hill and beyond. That is largely because it is stuck in traffic, traffic consisting mostly of single-person cars, travelling less than two miles, causing gridlock, costing business billions, contributing to air pollution, which is responsible for the deaths of two and a half thousand Scots each year. The same number as those who die prematurely from lack of physical activity. Ian Finlay also told us in committee that that physical and activity is costing the NHS here £94 million per annum. We can do better. I would ask the minister in closing to address the issue of funding, because off the very large transport budget, currently only 1.9 per cent of that is spent on active travel. If we get more people walking these manageable distances, we cut air pollution, yes, but we also reduce incidences of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, falls, depression, dementia, joint and back pain and so much more. Walking is part of the solution. Walking has the potential to reduce loneliness and isolation. A recent meeting of the cross-party group on sport, Dave Caesar, the CMO's clinical adviser, told us that, on average, adults in Scotland are sitting for 5.4 hours each day in their leisure time. If we here in Parliament add that to the time group that is spent sitting in committee and in this chamber, that is quite a statistic. But if I invited you all to stand up here, we would not be abiding by standing orders, and the Presiding Officer might have something to say about that. But we can make walking meetings more routine. Culture change is required, but it will be worth it. As we heard from a learned professor at the past scroll lecture, yes, walking is good for you, very good for you, but if you walk in a green space, we have evidence now that tells us that that is even better. The Journal of Environmental Science and Technology confirms that green spaces have a sustained positive effect on mental wellbeing, and those accessing such space display fewer signs of depression and activity. I am closing, Presiding Officer. Scotland's chief medical officer tells us that doing something is better than doing nothing, that just 10 minutes at a time provides benefit and that it is never too late. Let us show our appreciation for the excellent work of paths for all by using those paths, by expanding those paths, by joining up those paths. Thank you very much, Ms Johnson. You have made me feel suitably guilty, and I have a new year resolution coming on. I feel it coming on. I now call on the minister, please, to close for the Government seven minutes, please. Please do not tell me that you do lots of exercise as well. I am sure that there are some porkies being told in here. I will start straight off. I thank Fulton MacGregor also for proposing that motion today, and for the outline of the interesting and beautiful walks across his part of Lanarkshire. I will also put on record that my part of Lanarkshire also has lots of good walks to take part in too. I am immensely grateful to everyone involved at Paths for All for their 20 years of dedication, hard work and support that they have provided to the people of Scotland. I am delighted to see and know that some of them are in the public gallery this evening to hear about how they have positively impacted on many of our communities and the transformative work that they do through the power of walking. Paths for All, as we know, was formed in 1996 as a partnership of organisations, including Scottish Enterprise, NHS Health Scotland, Visit Scotland and Sports Scotland, with the late broadcaster, Magnus Magnuson, who is much missed as their chair. That organisation has certainly grown over the past 20 years and now consists of 28 partnership organisations with interest in our health, environment, infrastructure and economy. They have worked with those partners with one unified purpose to utilise Scotland's countryside, our paths and our roads and our people to get everybody, regardless of their age, background or lifestyle, out walking. The four stands of their strategy, focusing on walking for health, active environments, active travel and communications and policy, indicate the scope and the impact that their agenda can have for our country. As the many testimonies provided here today indicate, they and the local organisations and dedicated volunteers that they work with have had a hugely positive impact on our communities. I have enjoyed hearing about the work at Dunbeth Park and the supportive role of Paths for All in that development, and hearing about the walks in Ayrshire from Ruth Maguire and others who have mentioned their local areas as well. Many members have discussed the benefits of walking for the health of our population. Medical evidence shows us that regular involvement in physical activity reduces your risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dementia and a whole host of other conditions. Walking and being out in the open air has a number of other benefits too, getting us away from the TV screens and computers, getting us out into the open air and providing opportunities to socialise with family and friends. It also has the potential to increase our happiness as Ruth Maguire outlined, and physical activity is also good for our mental health wellbeing. I would like to go out and reset my appreciation of the seasons, which I think all too often when we are cooped up indoors that we miss. I will also take on board the points that were raised by Elaine Smith regarding obesity, and point to the fact that we will be coming forward next year with our obesity strategy consultation. I hope that she takes part in that and raises the issues that she mentioned around breastfeeding in her response. The Scottish Government's Active Scotland outcomes framework sets out our ambitions for a country where more people are more active, more often through a range of opportunities and incentives for involvement in sport and physical activity. We see walking as a key part of that vision. It is free, accessible and everybody can do it pretty much anywhere. I am pleased that Elaine Smith has resolved already to make use of the outdoor space on her doorstep. Paths for all is an active travel programme that provides financial support and training to enable enthusiastic volunteers around the country to set up walking groups and to touch on people from all walks of life. Some of the stories that I have heard about are truly inspiring and transformative. They absolutely show what happens when you proactively work with communities, build on their assets and empower people to take control of their lives. Health walks are just one example of the services that paths for all help deliver to our communities. They also support the development of a nationwide walking football network, providing an opportunity for people of all ages and fitness levels to be involved in the beautiful game. They promote walking for people affected by cancer through Macmillan and provide strength and balance training to allow staff and care homes to support patients in this area among a myriad of other activities. Of course, it would be remiss of me not to mention the step count challenge—a path for all biannual workplace walking challenge—a fantastic means of encouraging Scotland's workforce to incorporate walking into their day-to-day routines, a point that was touched upon by Alison Johnstone. This year's recently finished autumn challenge saw over 995 million steps being walked by a total of 716 teams. My work to persuade my ministerial colleagues to enter a team for next year's challenge is still on-going, but perhaps if Fulton, if Elaine, if Ruth, Margaret, Graham and yourself would like to set a good example by making the use of the space outside our Parliament, perhaps next year we can all sign up and show leadership across our parliamentary colleagues. I see your smile in the air, Presiding Officer. Perhaps there will be a nod towards the agreement as well. However, I will continue with my remarks. Paths for all are also helping the Scottish Government deliver its active travel vision that, by 2030, walking and cycling will be the most popular choice for short journeys. We have a record investment into active travel. I understand that there are challenges there, and those are points that Alison Johnstone will legitimately raise, but certainly we have a record of investing heavily in active travel, although we recognise the challenge to do more. Paths for all have also brought their dedication, expertise and skill and leadership working to bear with their support for the development and taking forward Scotland's national walking strategy and our wider ambitions for activating the entire Scottish population. The progress of the strategy is overseen by a national delivery forum, and Paths for all leadership has been crucial in driving forward the work of that forum. The proof has been there for us to see in recent years that the number of people walking for recreation in Scotland is on the increase. The 2015 Scottish householder survey shows that 69 per cent of adults in Scotland take part in walking for leisure, which is an increase of 5 per cent from the previous year's survey. In one year, we have seen a significant increase of around a quarter of a million people in Scotland walking for recreation. That does not happen by accident. It is through leadership and the role of Paths for all, and it is along with our focus as a Government on walking that has enabled that progress to be made. However, there are challenges ahead with more than a third of adults not currently meeting the recommended level of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week. What for the next 20 years? I think that we would all like to see Paths for all continue on their journey that they have made so far—their innovative thinking, their collaborative work—and continuing to work in partnership with like-minded organisations to seize the opportunity that we have created by Paths for all, all's enthusiasm and focus in place to target those hard-to-reach areas of the population. I would like to conclude by adding my sincere thanks and appreciation to everybody at Paths for all and its staff, and the many volunteers and partner organisations who are out there working locally to make walking and activity possible across our community and across our country. I think that we would like to unify, across the parliamentary chamber, Paths for all a very happy 20th anniversary and raise a toast to the next 20 years, which I know will ensure that Scotland's population gets more active and reverses some of the health challenges that we have as a nation. Thank you very much, minister. That concludes the debate. Thank you, members, for an interesting debate. I now close this meeting.