Have a new giveaway going on right now. I am giving away three copies of Metroid Dread for the month of October All you have to do to enter is be subscribed to the channel. That's it We will draw the winners at the end of the month So I wish all you guys luck on that Hey everyone, this is the Nintendo switch OLED obviously see it's working here links running around everything's all good So when I have been making videos about this over the last week I kept thinking to myself. What can I do that? No one else is done. Well, I've done things like I've taken apart the dock Obviously some people really appreciated that video. I've done some other crazy things like I did a so-called tear down Where I didn't really take it all apart. I did take the dock apart. It took the switch apart But I didn't really do a full disassembly or a full reassembly It was more of a hey I accidentally broke one of the ribbon cables on one of the rails on the switch OLED So I was kind of afraid at the time to go deeper than that knowing I still had other videos to make But I still have one more video to make after this and I understand all of the quote-unquote Switch OLED reviews have came out from all the major media elements today I I totally get that but have they really spent the same amount of time I have with this I Question that Xer and I knew they didn't get it until this week now That I'll be in considered There was one type of video I wanted to do that I knew had a very high likelihood of causing what I would say is permanent damage It was not the screen burn-in test because honestly there's not enough time to do that It takes thousands of hours to create permanent burn-in on OLED so instead I Decided to do something insane People wanted to know who makes the screen people wanted to know details about the screen Let's just say I broke my Nintendo switch OLED To show you this don't believe me Because I died here Here's breath of the wild seems to be working fine. I don't know if you can see the indicator light is on and Let's see what happens when I take the switch off the dock. I think this is some sort of trick screens not working Bring that volume up and run around and watch what happens when I put it back in the dock I broke my Nintendo switch now. Let's go into why I did it as you can see here, I am going through a really really long montage of Breaking apart the Nintendo switch OLED. I literally took the switch OLED and put it to pieces I I literally tore everything out of the switch OLED and there was the speakers the main board One of the subboards whether it was the heat sink the fan and yes, I even removed the screen now The big thing here is Obviously to do this without any other guides existing on the internet specifically for this device It could be a little difficult and a little bit risky now I have removed everything inside of an original switch the launch version and a version 2 and a switch light before the difference in That though is because one it's using a different panel and two It's using a plastic front. So it's actually not that difficult to remove a screen From its housing on there because it's really just removing that plastic front and on the rest of the screen becomes really available On this device and switch OLED for those that aren't aware it uses a glass Front which is better in some ways. It's way more scratch resistant, but obviously a lot more fragile There's no flexibility with it So if you try to create any sort of minimal flex Chances are it's going to crack and when you're working on screen removal where you need to get a tool behind The actual glass to actually break the seal on the glue There's a high likelihood. You're probably going to crack the glass. It doesn't matter You can overheat it, of course, and that could happen. You could under heat it and that could happen I in an ideal world you would heat it up perfectly Where the glue would just undo itself and then the screen would just fall off The problem is I don't know what that heat junction point is on this glue And I don't really have a proper heat gun anyways I used a hairdryer which the hairdryer was perfectly good enough to get the glue to soften But not soft enough for the screen would actually fall out and the since the screen itself is actually recessed Into this switch. There really is no way to break that seal Without actually trying to pry into a corner or into a side and reality is the moment I realized I was going to have to pry into break the glue seal I kind of knew at that exact moment that I was about to break this product Now I have taken screens of several products before but anytime they're recessed in You just know this is probably going to be the end result And typically you don't remove an entire screen like this unless you are actually going to replace it Even on let's say an iPhone where the glass screen front is fine But the underlaying screen had some sort of damage happened to it or some coloration or something going on You would just end up replacing not only the glass on the front But also the panel behind it all in one assembly You wouldn't even bother to just only replace the screen underneath because glass is so cheap Obviously for a device like this, we don't have perfectly cut Available tempered glass stuff for us at this moment for this particular use case But that's not the here nor there the bottom line is after it cracked it obviously ruined The OLED panel underneath when I did initially turn it back on it flickered But here's the thing why did I do this? That's that's what people really want to know Nate. Why did you do this? Well, here's some things to be discovered first off We know who makes the panel the panel is made by Samsung We now have the model number for it, which I'll be on screen right now And uh, what we learned from this model number is a couple things one The ppi of the screen is 210 Which is 11 less than the old OLED screen What this means is the quality of the actual pickle pixels on the screen are technically better on the original switch and switch Like versus this system, so it's using lower quality pixels But why don't people talk about that? Why are people not saying the pixels look blurry? The screen looks blurry. That's what people are worried about. It's going to be blurry. Well, here's the thing They exchanged pixel quality to have better efficiency with the actual lighting of the system So better luminosity So what they did is said hey look we could keep the ppi the same as the original switch However, it would also eat into more battery time And we either have to compensate for that by you know sacrificing on the luminosity Or we need to sacrifice on the ppi and I would say they actually made the right choice I would rather them lower The quality of the pixels but maintain the same battery life Um than anything else and I can confirm this has the exact same battery life as the version 2 Nintendo switch So if you're used to version 2 battery life of three to nine hours or whatever That's exactly what you're going to get out of this platform and what they chose with the screen here is why So will you notice the pixel quality difference? No, I've been playing with this thing for a week I didn't notice the pixel quality difference at all pixels will be slightly bigger because the screen is slightly bigger That's something you might notice in very specific use cases Maybe along some hairlines and stuff like that in some really bad anti-aliasing games Like xeno the chronicles 2 or something but for the most part you're not really going to notice it The colors are popping so much the screen quality and the true blacks and true whites are so much better That you end up just being mostly impressed when looking at the screen versus the original switch So that is a big thing we learned also some people want to know hey Nate, how does that chip set look? You know what this is something you don't have to break your switch to get to just tell us what the model number is Well, here's the model number on that tegra x1. That's inside the switch. It turns out the model number is very similar to Prior model numbers both on the switch light and on the version 2 switch suggesting that this is basically the exact same Chip there's been no differences made. I can confirm the memory modules the ram modules are exactly the same They did not swap out the type of ram Or put higher speed ram or anything like that in here The only thing they did do is i'll give us 64 gigs of flash memory versus 32 But then they took that 64 gigs and put it on the exact same board as the game card reader and the micro sd card which In theory should make communication between all three of those slightly faster in my actual test case I did not find that load times were really any better If it was on the internal memory load times were the same as the 32 gigs if it was on a micro sd card It was maybe a half second. It was very hard to measure. You had to count frames There's maybe a half second faster off the sd card compared to the same sd card in an old switch And then the game cards to me just felt like the same speed anyways I don't know if the cards themselves are the limiting factor there, but um, they felt like the speeds with physical cards didn't change So what are my conclusions everybody? Well, um, this is a very interesting system to take apart now Nobody should take apart their switch old led unless they actually have a specific reason to do it Such as repairing it as an example if you drop and break your screen and you buy a third party screen to replace it Obviously, hey the methods I used will work just fine Um, because it doesn't really matter if you crack it at that point because most old led panels come With the glass and the technology behind it all in one package. So Um, you wouldn't really care if you crack it. So honestly, I would not take this thing apart If I were any of you guys things are much more tightly compact in here Because they have two little slots in there for the actual kickstand hinges to go into so they had to redesign the entire board And things are just a lot more tightly compact. There's not uh, the the ribbon cable stuff isn't too bad I personally get a little frustrated Putting ribbon cables back in But it's whatever I did get them all in the fan on this still works So this is still technically a working switch old led but only in dock mode Which for many people defeats the purpose of switch old led. Uh, so Like I don't know. I honestly, um Was it worth taking it apart for you guys? Yeah, it was worth it for me. Um, even though I knew going in You know, there was a high chance it would break even though I've taken apart tons of phones and all that This is obviously a different beast I'm just gonna say this I'm cool that I broke my switch old led. I have a brand new one coming on Friday. So like I accepted going in I was probably gonna break it. I didn't do it on purpose And I understand some people or some of you guys out there Might have had the right tools and the right heat gun and the right everything to do this perfectly right Um, and hey, you know for some people it might be torture that I broke a brand new device That isn't hasn't even released yet But the bottom line is this device was always, um paid for, uh Specifically so I could end up creating a video like this Honestly when there was the decision was made to pay way more than this device is worth to make videos for you guys I always kind of knew the end of life for this device was going to be the moment I decided to actually take it all apart Um, I stopped myself last week during a video Uh, because I decided hey, I have other videos to make and in case I break it I want to make sure those other videos are done. Well now I've hit the end of the line I got one more video left to make and I don't need to actually use the device anymore to Like make that video so um Thank you guys, uh for being on the journey with switch ola This is kind of the end of what you would say are the unique videos coming from my channel on Switch OLED at this point. I do have one more unique video where we're going to be testing out some accessories Uh, but that won't be coming till probably next week So we'll take a look at that but otherwise, um, I hope you've enjoyed this journey with switch ola with me Having early access. Uh, it was a lot of fun. This is obviously Everything I did with this thing is stuff that nintendo would definitely not approve of Which is why I can tell you this system didn't come from nintendo in the first place This is my system. My money. I'm the one that wasted it. You guys don't worry about it. Um, I did the best I could and I hopefully uh, at least the videos were somewhat educational If not educational on giving you information, we didn't previously have at least educational in so much that You learn what not to do to your own OLED when taking it apart if you take it apart To be fair taking apart the dock is really easy that part is that part's really straightforward. That's like To you know, it's the simplest sort of device. I'm kind of glad that it is so easy Anyway, folks, I'm the thinner over just from nintendo prime. Thank you so much for tuning and I'll catch you in the next video Should we see? Uh, uh, I think we might have a dev one


Hi everybody, Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com coming at you with jaspys three box 2017-2018 basketball mixer random team break number two featuring some nice box here prism hobby optic hobby and spectra basketball All teams are in all card ship big. Thanks to this group for making it happen. Thanks to the people who bought their spots straight up And congrats to the people who won their spots in those two fillers There are the teams right here And let's roll it randomize it three and a four seven times for names and teams one two three four five six and Seventh and final time Ryan down to Robert Three and a four seven times for the teams One two three four five six and seventh and final time Got Sacramento down to the Clippers All right. Good luck everybody Ryan with the Wizards with the Kings that is Ryan M with the Wizards Ryan C with the Wizards another round got to Ryan M's here Ryan McGregor you have the Kings Ryan C with the Wizards Ryan M with the Nuggets Diego with the Thunder Alex with the Bulls The Gregor with the Knicks Evan with the Spurs Robert with the Trailblazers J last Bob Mojo Warriors Steve Burch with the Celtics Kenneth the Rockets Sean with the Suns David with the Pistons Jonathan with the Sixers Robert with the Raptors Chad With the Cavs Bjorn with the Nets David with the Heat Evan with the Mavs Nicole with the T Wolves Diego with the Pacers Tyler You got my Lakers mark with the Bucks Brian with the Hornets Ryan Ryan C with the Utah Jazz Roy with the Hawk Steve with the Magic Tyler with the Gris Steven with the Pelicans and Robert with the Clippers So let's alphabetize by team and we're gonna pause if you just for a little bit to see if there's any trades We're pretty Late into the night, so I don't know if everyone's gonna be here For trades, but feel free to trade if you would like remember your 2017 all three bucks or 2017 2017 draft class is pretty solid Markel Fultz pretty solid Lonzo if you can say healthy But obviously the big one Jason Tatum. There's even some De'Aaron Fox possibilities Laurie Markinin pretty solid Donovan Mitchell is in there Utah edition Bama to bio Jared Allen Among others right now like John Collins. I like his game. Oh, Jan and Obi is there Kyle Kuzma is there as well Josh hard. There's some good. There's some other solid names too outside of just Donovan Mitchell and Donovan Mitchell and Jason Tatum of course All right, so we're gonna pause video when we come back We'll see if there's any trades then the break stick around be right back All right, welcome back everybody. There was a little trade chatter, but in the end no deals were done You're on Wednesday the eighth Here's a three box 2017 2018 basketball mixer Jay with that last spot mojo warriors 70% of the time last spot mojo hits 100% of the time. All right Let's see what's what should we I'm gonna do this first. Do we do spectra last or should we do prism last? This one is definitely gonna be the first one with my knife Traditionally, I do the base heavier products first Maybe I'll close with prism. I think that's the pricier box. So We'll go optic. We'll go spectra Then we'll close out with prism because that's where the real monsters could be could be working Again, this is all 2017-18 so a nice blast in the past Celtics definitely want to be Paying attention here Steve Verge, although he's on the east he might be in bed already east coaster But good morning Steve Verge you've got the Celtic so let's keep an eye out for you Maybe find some Tatum's that'd be awesome Ryan Cason who won a spot in the filler Got randomized the jazz There's already a Jason Tatum rated rookie card right here. So Ryan Cason will be looking for We'll be looking for Donovan Mitchell's obviously it's jazz edition here. Those are the two main guys I want to say but there's some other Other play a lot of other players to a step down from that elite tier of players that I think Are gonna be Pretty solid as well. Yes, we're on a basketball break. We'll do NBA game time. That'll be my TV choice all right nice rated rookie Jason Tatum just a base for Steve Birch With the way he's playing with the way the Celtics are playing they can go deep in the class maybe even Maybe even knock out a title as a Lakers fan. I wouldn't like that, but maybe it'd be good for the hobby though I guess there's Malik Monk Charlotte edition he's playing some pretty solid basketball, which the Lakers are able to keep him Remember all-card ship nice rated rookie Kyle's kuzma couple kuz For the Lakers that'll be for Tyler Try to trade couldn't trade mojo the green not numbered is numbered to 175 my bet It's been a while since I did this product so he might might actually end up with a big contract either with the Wizards or elsewhere. There's Jalen Brown to 199 for the Celtics. That's for Steve nice dear and Fox Fox in the box for a Ryan McGregor and the Kings Jalen Brown Steve and the Celtics once again to 199 And we got a Justin Jackson rated rookie autograph Sacramento Kings McGregor with the Kings and a nice Ogy Annoobi hollow Pretty solid player here Toronto Robert. There was some trade chatter around Annoobi, right? But I don't I don't know if that ever I think he's still with the Raptor. Yeah, I don't think he Think that ever materialized But he's pretty solid he's he's a What he's averaging six 16 five and two a night pretty solid player Nicola Vucevich for Orlando that's to 175 Flonzo could ever stay healthy I feel like he could be a really nice really nice contributor that goes to the Lakers that'll be for Tyler's still it's still real popular in Southern California all the ball brothers went to High school out here and a Jason Tatum the rookies silver or a hollow. I guess prism. It's called silver optic It's hollow nice How to go to Steve Burch and the Celtics That's that centering look kind of eyeballing it looks like it's a little up, but it's still be nice Josh Jackson had a lot of potential that I don't think he ever really Panned out. There's Jimmy Butler 97 out of 99 Minnesota that's gonna be for Nicole. All right First box down. I kind of wish It's kind of wish they would go back to this spectra box format if I had my druthers I'd I'd switch back to The one single fat pack in the smaller Rectangular box look and all cards being pretty much the same size I think there's a redemption hiding there, unfortunately remember 2017 so Obviously all redemptions are gonna be expired. We'll still ship it to the team To the team where it goes If it's a nice card sometimes Panini will Will help you out and give you points in return or maybe the even in the actual card here's car on the town 61 out of 99 Timberwolves that'll be for Nicole you got a Chris Middleton We'll use this blank card here. Let's hide the hits a little bit Got John Wall for the wizards are not numbered That Jimmy Butler wizards addition to color triple relic triple threats one 30 top loader So that'll be for Nicole and the T wolves. That's 47 out of 49 We've got Bernard King 57 out of 149 epic legends relic That's for the nicks. That'll be for McGregor Ryan McGregor with that one next up we have Andre drum and vested veterans Three-color patch six out of ten for the pistons. What's Andre drumming doing these days? What's he doing? Where is it? Where is he at? He signed a two-year six point six million dollar deal with the bulls Is he injured? He must be injured. He hasn't played a single game. I guess he was involved in some trade chatter Or no, he has been playing Kind of numbers is he putting up here Getting about six and seven a night 15, you know 15, I feel like he would have been at one point That goes to the pistons David lemons at one point that dude is supposed to be real dominant, but Guess not. There's Nate Thurman another big man 19 out of 99 illustrious legends autograph.  Yeah, not that much though, right? All right, this is for the Warriors. That's gonna go to Jay last spot mojo There's the redemption. It's gonna be BAM out of bio rising star signatures BAM out of bio of course number 14 pick just after Donovan Mitchell All right, so obviously this is expired, but Expired expired expired But it's still gonna go off to Miami David lemons, you know reach out to Panini Maybe they'll do something for you Worth trying and then there's Jonathan Isaac 19 out of 199 Rising stars autograph Orlando magic Steve Birch All right. Well Now let's close out with 1718 prism basketball hobby edition two autograph per box on average A lot of a monster potential in here Prism football coming out soon ABC always be closing Keep your eye out on jazzy's case break calm for pre-orders Kind of feel like some of these some of these cards are sticking together a little bit There's enough time has passed sometimes there's a There's a coat on the card Over time sometimes they haven't been opened Kind of stick together a little bit They use a sort of it's not really perceptible here, but the You use like a fine powder They'll use to keep that prevent that from happening, but I guess that evaporates over time or something like that Some may remember an old prism baseball set where every pack you opened You know a light dusting of like it was like powdered sugar light dusting of White powder fall out there And that's like the substance that they that they use there this was this was the the coaches card which Which I'm glad that they are not doing anymore Wow, look at that Jason Tatum 147 out of 149 I like that navy blue color bring that color back that goes to Steve Birch and the Celtics It's till 199 again get that graded out nicely and Hopefully he'll do well in the playoffs There's another Tatum base Quincyne who's on the who just got hired to this team right here. There's Tristan Thompson. There's a Marco Bellinelli Hawks edition That will be for Roy and the ATL Terrence Ferguson There's a Thomas Bryant rookie card Isn't that didn't Tyler want a Thomas Bryant? There he is Lakers. I wish the Lakers were able to hold on to Thomas Bryant But they had to they had to do what they had to do. I think the team's much improved now, but Which didn't have to cost Thomas Bryant It's Luke Walton who I think is assistant coaching somewhere. There's Mark Heath Morris And there it is. Hi there. There's the there's the Thomas Bryant Here's an emergent Donovan Mitchell Need a proper rookie card of his though for Ryan Kasin Stan Van Gundy Greg Popovich 5 out of 99. We did have a joke way back when We're like if there is a coach card that would It'd be worth anything. It'd be Greg Popovich, right? If you got like a prism silver PSA 10 that would be nice. It might be so that goes to San Antonio that goes to Evan Well, I appreciate trying though, Ryan There's a lot of people who just stayed on the sidelines. I appreciate you taking the risk Sometimes this really doesn't work out Sometimes it will sometimes it won't it's name of the game There's a Malik Monk hyper for Charlotte for Brian D'Angelo Russell Lakers Jersey, this is actually a Nets card back with the Lakers though There's Andrew Wiggins to 75 for Nicole in Minnesota, I don't know why I keep pulling those Markel Foltz cards and here's Julius Randall Nice Julius Randall autograph for Tyler. It's our second auto of the box Not numbered. I always feel like he's gonna win like a comeback player of the year award Maybe not this year. Maybe not, but I feel like he's got Still has some ceiling there. Dorian Finney Smith to 49 That will be for Dallas. That's gonna go to Evan Let's see if we can find some nice numbered cards before everyone Dennis Smith Jr. Was hobby hot There's a Donovan Mitchell rookie card and there's a Jordan Clarkson for Tyler in the Lakers to 199 Miss Jordan Clarkson She was able to stay a Laker him and Kuzma Here's Donovan Mitchell for the jazz rookie card for Ryan C Got randomized the jazz. I wish there was more of these Ryan, but I appreciate you all the Ryan's getting in Gordon Hayward Aaron Gordon And on Gomez Pala condition of AD He's been playing really well and Fred Hoiberg Coach card. There you go ladies gentlemen quick little break there. Jasper's three box 1718 basketball mixer random team break number two from Jasper's case breaks calm. Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking with us I'll see you next time Joe and I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye. Bye


we thank you for this time Lord, we thank you for Lord just being with each one of us and even Lord as we continue to study and learn, we pray God that we will be sensitive to your leading, that we will understand your word, we will Lord walk in obedience to your word of God. We thank you for this wonderful opportunity to learn together and I pray God that you will minister to us even as we study Lord. We ask this in Jesus name. Amen. Amen. All right. Okay, so last class we did up to chapter 29. 29 was, sorry, we did up to 28, right? Just justified and righteous by the blood. Now I did give you all a little bit of assignment. Anybody remember what the homework was? Only Moses remembers. I know that Elizabeth remembers online. Thank you Elizabeth for I'm not sure if it's Esther, Esther, Esther, right? Esther online for it. So I had, you know, asked you to write down the words and what the meaning of the words are, but it went like this and then it went up and went away. Okay, do that this week. Okay. That's why I say make notes. You know, I still have my notes of Bible college. You want to see it? You want me to bring it and come? It's 16 years, 17 years old. I still have it. Still have it. The notes, my notebooks, all my, all the books that we study still have it. Okay. So that's why when you write, no, you'll remember. Right. So write it down. Write it down in Hindi or whatever language that you feel like, right? So that you remember what you have to do. Okay. So let's get into chapter 29. So online students, I was just talking to the students here, I was saying that, you know, we're going to pick up a little more pace because we have quite a lot of content to cover.  Right. So let's go to chapter 29. No condemnation. Let's read Romans chapter eight and verse one. Now these are verses that we must know by heart. You shouldn't even look at the notes. Second Corinthians by 17, Romans eight, one. These are the common verses. So it says, there is therefore now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus, who do not walk according to the flesh, but according to the Spirit. Now this is such a joy, right? Now there is no condemnation. We talked about this. What is condemnation? When somebody does something bad, right? There's condemnation on that person, right? So if a person has, is a thief, and the thief has been caught. What happens? You see it? The locals will catch him, beat him up, and he's condemned, right? And not only is he physically condemned, he's in inwardly also he's condemned. Hey, I'm a thief. And feeling condemned is not a good feeling. Is it a good feeling? Would you see a murderer or a thief smiling and saying, hi, how are you? It's a good day. No, they are feeling condemned. They want to cover their face. They want to hide. They want to run away. There's condemnation. Hey, what do people think of me? Right? Now the Bible says, now there is no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus. Are we in Christ Jesus? Yes. So I like the second part of the verse, who do not live according to the flesh, but according to the Spirit. So sometimes we just take that first verse and hold on to that. The first portion of the verse says, therefore, now there is no condemnation. But there is no condemnation for who? For those who walk according to the Spirit. For them, there's no condemnation, right? The word condemnation means a sentence, a guilty verdict, and a guilty conviction in our heart. That's how condemnation. Now in the national, do you and I just feel condemnation? Yes. It's a natural thing, right? So for example, we may have sinned, right? We have done something wrong. We said something, got angry and we shouted to a friend or a relative or your parents. And then sometimes you feel, hey, what kind of a person I am? I shouldn't have. That's called condemnation. Hey, I shouldn't have. And then there is conviction. Conviction of the Holy Spirit brings us to repentance, right? So conviction is the Holy Spirit will tell us, see, what you did was wrong. You shouldn't have got angry. You should have just stayed quiet, right? But now what you do is you go back, ask forgiveness, make things right and continue your walk with life, right? That's called conviction of the Holy Spirit. But condemnation, oh, I did this. I did this. I did this so nobody can help me. Nobody can change me. This is the way I am. I was born like this or my friends called me this. That's called condemnation, guilty, right? But when God looks at us, right, he looks at us as justified. Look, Satan is the accuser of the brethren. He brings condemnation, right? Let's look there. One of his strategies is to bring thoughts of accusation and condemnation against the believer.  So imagine you're getting into supernatural hour today.  You know what you did yesterday? You did all these mistakes. He'll write down one list and show you. One, two, three, four, five mistakes you have done.  Now what is that called? Accuser. He's accusing you of something. Is it true? Maybe true. Now there are times it's true. There are times it's not true, right? But even if it's true, the Bible says now we are not in condemnation. So like what I said last class, if the devil keeps telling you, okay, you did this wrong, this wrong, this wrong, what is the response for you and I as a believer? One, we can speak God's word.  Do we have an account to give to the devil? Do we have an account? He has an account of us, but do we have an account with him? So we don't have to keep giving him, no, actually devil, you know what happened? He's very tired that day. He doesn't know, he'll sit and listen. The devil is ready to just keep on putting accusations, but you and I as believers don't have to do that. You can step away and say, hey, I'll give an account, but not to you. I'll give an account to God. I'll go back to God, ask God to forgive me. Okay, everyone say now, no condemnation. Now, not tomorrow, not next week, now. Right? Okay, so sometimes what the devil makes us feel is God is angry with you. How many of you have felt that?  God is angry with you. God is angry with what you did.  The fire of God will burn you out. He'll make you scared. No, God will never use you in the ministry. Nothing you can do. Nothing. You don't know Genesis, you don't know New Testament. You don't know Old Testament, nothing you know.  Now, listen, all these things are true, right? It may sound silly, but it's true. He can make us feel that way and He can make us feel that we are useless. If we are not careful, we'll think it's true. Oh, yeah, God cannot use me. I am from a village. How can God use me? Maybe, you know, 20, 30 people sell group I can do. But starting a church, blessing people in this entire nation, how can I do it? Now, if we say that, that's what will happen. But God is, God is not somebody who can, who, who looks at all of these other things, right? The enemy can bring these thoughts. So you say, no, God has called me. I will do it. Let's read this verse Romans 8 33 and 34. Is that a mic here? Okay. Romans 8 33 and 34. Interaction for us. Yeah, thank you. So there is no one, not even Satan, who can bring an accusation against us. Now, it's like this. What is the name? What does the word Satan means? Accuser, right? Will he bring accusation? He can. But even when he brings those accusations, that's what he does. He accuses us. He tells us, you didn't do this, you didn't do that. You are like this, you are like that, right? And even if he does that, what does the word say? Who is he who condemns us? It is Christ who died and furthermore has risen, is even at the right hand, who makes intercession for us. That means what? Now Jesus is not sitting in heaven saying, oh man, I've finished the work. I've done my job on the cross. He said, what? It is finished. Now he's not in vacation mode now. Jesus is not in holiday. He's on the right hand of the Father making intercession. Can you believe this? So, if I am being tempted, right? If Satan is tempting me and I'm saying, oh God, please help me. You know what Jesus is doing? Jesus is standing next to the Father and saying, Father, I know how that feels because I was also tempted by the devil. So, he is making intercession for us, you and me. How many people, millions of millions of people in this world, he's making it. He's doing it. He's standing. He's on our behalf. He's standing. So, when the devil comes, all you have to do is make Jesus come and stand in front. You handle with Jesus. Don't talk to me. That's all we have to do because he's making intercession for us and we can overcome the works of the devil. Right? Are you understanding what I'm trying to say? In heaven, Jesus is making intercession for us. He's saying, please help this boy. Please help this girl. You know, he's going through so much pain, so much difficulty, physical challenges, emotional pain. Help him. It's not like Jesus cannot do it. He's standing on our behalf. Right? It's not like he's asking the Father, you only should do it. No, he's standing on our behalf. He's praying for us, interceding for us. So, what more do we need? Do we need somebody greater than Jesus to pray for us? We have the greatest person praying for us. So, now we don't have any condemnation when we can reject. Everyone say, reject. The devil will come and say, you are like this. You reject. I reject that in Jesus' name. Right? I cancel those words in Jesus' name.  You can do nothing in life. You say, I cancel that word in Jesus' name. Remember what Jesus said to Peter in the Garden of Gethsemane? Right? No, not in the Garden of Gethsemane. Before that. Right?   We are there. We will take care of you. What does Jesus say? Get behind me, Satan. Why? Because he was, it was not, Peter was, you know, trying to help Jesus saying, oh, you know, Jesus, we have to protect you. But Jesus kept saying, I've come here for a reason to die on the cross. Right? So, sometimes the enemy can knows how to bring things and twist God's word. First, he says to Jesus, you take this stone, make it into bread. He said, man shall not live by bread. What is the second temptation? What did the devil do? Have you, have you thought about it? He used God's word. He said, Psalms 91 says, if you throw yourself down, he will set his angels charge over you. The devil quoted Psalms 91. What did Jesus say? But it is also written, don't test the Lord your God. So, the devil can use scriptures and twist things and manipulate and make us fall into sin. God's grace is there, no? God is a gracious God. You, you can sin now. Later on, God will forgive you.  He'll forgive you. Will he forgive? Yes. Is it true? Yes. But you see how he's manipulating the word of God. Right? So, it's very important as believers to understand your stand of victory that you are in. Your stand. Hey, I am standing in a place of victory. Now, there is no condemnation. People will condemn. People will mock. Persecution will happen. Most of you are from North India. You have seen persecution that will continue to happen. But you're not in condemnation. In God's presence, you're not in condemnation. Okay. So, because of no condemnation, we can enter God's presence in boldness, chapter 30. Boldness to enter God's presence. Now, if you look at this in the natural, if a person who is a murderer or a thief, he's caught by the police. Right? Now, he's put in the prison, but now he has to come to the courtroom because in the courtroom, the judge will sentence him five years, 10 years or for life. Whatever the judgment should happen. Have you seen any, any murderer or a thief smiling, walking in, saying hi to everyone, enjoying his, I think, smiling. Oh, this is a good place. Nice AC. Is he, is he thinking of all that? Oh, there's no boldness there. He may be bold in the prison. Why? Because that's his territory.  Yeah, it's better now. Okay. So, when he is in going into the court, there's no boldness there because he knows he's going to get convicted. Now, you and I, because there is no conviction, we have boldness to go into the presence of God. We don't have to say, God, can I talk to you for five minutes? No, you can just enter. I can just go into his presence with boldness. So, every morning, you'll, you know, you wake up in the morning, you pray. Go on boldness.  Did you use the word justification, sanctification, redemption? If you use those words, he's not going to look at all that. Enter his presence through boldness, in boldness, confidence, right? Let's read this Ephesians 2, 13 and verse 18. Yes, anybody can read? But now, we first go ahead. Jesus, Jesus, you who once were far off have been brought here by the blood of Christ, meeting, but through him, we both have access by one spirit to the body. Through him, we have access to the, by one spirit to the Father. Now, let me give you another example. Imagine you're, you know, you're going for a political meeting. Just an example, right? You're going to a political meeting and in the political meeting, you're standing, you're there and then there's a backstage where all of these delegates are there, high delegates. Can you just walk in there? Can you just walk into the backstage? Hey, my name is Paul. They'll say, so what? What should I do if your name is Paul? Go from here. They'll say, right? But if you have the access, you know, you get a backstage access, one card backstage VIP pass, right?  They'll say, so what? What should I do? See this? I have access, VIP access. So what do they say? Okay, go ahead. Now, to enter into God's presence, what does it say? For through him, you and I, we both have access by one spirit, no ID card, but the Holy Spirit inside us gives us the access to the Father. You understood, right?  You have access to the Father. Have you thought about that? You have access to the Father. Jesus, you can talk to Jesus. His presence is there. He will speak to us. We have access to him. In the Old Testament, before they go into the Most Holy Place, they cannot go. Only the High Priest has access into that place. All of them could not go, but in the New Testament, we all have access. You can be driving, praying in tongues. You're right. You have access to the Father. Many a times, you know, while praying in tongues, I would have been riding the bike, just sitting, just doing some work. Suddenly, even an idea comes. Suddenly, you know, a problem was there in the work, and then suddenly there's a solution. Right? Nothing I'm doing. I'm not even praying for that problem. I'm not even praying for probably the person, but when I'm praying in tongues, we have access to the Father. Father, God gives us the wisdom how to deal with the problem. I'll give you an example. I think I've given this example before. Have I given the example of my son when he was playing those games? No? Have I not? Okay.  He used to play this game on the phone called, it's a war game. Right? So there was swords and killing and bloodshed and all of that. I used to keep telling him, no, playing that game. Because after some time, he stopped going into the room alone. The room is dark. So I got to know the, so I keep telling him, don't play that game. So I stopped giving him the phone, everything. But what he would do is he will download the game, play the game and delete the game. Because I could make, I could see the latest downloads. So he did that for many. So I took, you know, I sternly warned him lovingly. I told him no change. I said, God, what should I do with this boy? He's only five years old. I can't do much. If I tell him, he's not listening. So one day I was praying. I said, I was not praying for him. I was just praying. Suddenly I got an idea. It was like the Holy Spirit gave me a thought. When Jesus was in the Garden of Gethsemane, Peter took the sword and cut the soldier's ear. What did Jesus say after that? Jesus said, those who live by the sword will. I called my son. I told him, made him sit. I opened, you know, the movie Passion of the Christ, right? Because if we show cartoon, he won't believe. That is cartoon he'll say. So I opened Passion of the Christ. I went to that portion, said, see, the soldier is cutting. Jesus is here. See what the soldier, what Jesus said.  Then I made him read that verse in the Bible. He read it from that day till now. He doesn't use a phone. He doesn't use. Forget about games. He doesn't see the phone. He doesn't see TV. He's not interested in it from that day till now. Three years over. He doesn't see phone. He doesn't see TV. I was struggling for six months on my own. But it's gone inside. It was like the Word of God has gone deep inside him. He doesn't even want a phone. He doesn't even want games. Nothing he wants. No, no, I don't. Want to watch TV? No. Good for me. But it's gone inside. That's the Word of God. Now, why did I give this example? The reason is when you and I understand that this conviction that God brings is from the Holy Spirit, it will change our life. We cannot live the same. It doesn't matter about age or standing in society. All of that doesn't matter. Look at this. Hebrews 4 16. Let us therefore come boldly through the throne of grace that we may obtain mercy and find grace to help in the times of need. Remember the last couple of chapters we saw. We are not coming by our own works. We are coming by the blood of Jesus. Works are there, but we don't come in by works. Right? One John 3 was 20 and 21. For if our heart condemns us, God is greater than our heart and knows all things. Verse 21. Beloved, if our heart does not condemn us, we have confidence towards God. So what does it say here? John is teaching us in these two verses. He's teaching us to live free of condemnation. Now, the condemnation will come. It's a choice whether we receive it or not. Yes or no? It's our choice. If I want to receive it, I'll receive it. If people say something wrong, say something bad about me, if I receive it, I receive it. If I reject it, it's good. It is my choice. So John is saying here that if our heart condemns us, remember that God is greater than our heart. He knows everything that's happening in our heart. Right? And if our heart is not condemned, then we have confidence towards God. So you and I must maintain a hard attitude that does not get condemned very easily. Now this condemnation can also come through people, people in your own family, your close friends may condemn you and say, Hey, you are like this. So you must be able to have the right hard attitude. It's developed over time. Say, okay, you know, even my best friend, my loved ones may say this, but I know that God loves me. I know that God cares for me. Now, is it hurtful when our friends, family, you know, condemn us? Very hurtful. But we maintain that heart and say, God, I know, I know you love me. This is a painful season I'm going through, but you help me. Right? So we must maintain that hard attitude. Our heart, however, if our heart is still condemned, we must remember that God is greater than our heart and knows all things. That is, God knows the truth. So we must look at things through God's perspective. That means the word perspective means now we have one way of looking at certain things. God has another way of looking at certain things. I always wonder, why didn't God do this way? Look at the example of David, right? King David, God told him, you will become a king 13 years old, 13 or 14 years old. Now, he could have, Saul knew it.  Now, what could have Saul done? And God could have told Saul, okay, Saul, get ready. You train the small boy, right? Train him up, teach him everything on how to be a king, right? How to raise up an army, how to attack, how to, you know, build a kingdom, how to have an administration, structure, how to develop the country, how to bring up people in the economy of the country, all of those things. You train David. Why didn't God do it that way? Simply all this, no? What's the second time you see David is running here, David is running there, then 300 people are coming. Why all of this? Instead of that, the story could have been David went, sat in the palace, 9 to 5, he trained in the palace, went back home and slept. Come back 9 to 5, for 5 years, he did that and he became king. So is it a better story? It is very simple, simple story, like how we become pastors. Father is a pastor, son is a pastor, son is born. By the time he's 5, he's already singing. By the time he's 10, he's already preaching.  Why? Because whole year, all his life he's seen his father. Simple. Not the same thing, but no. It was not done that way. Because sometimes we feel this is the right way, but God's perspective is different. God wants it in a different way. So we must think of God's way in our life. I always say all right, there's a clock. We can read time on our way or we can read time God's way. So we should learn to read time on God's clock. God, is it time for me to do this? Is it time for me to go here? Is it time for me to start a ministry? Is it time for me to do this? Read from God's clock. Understand to hear from him. He will speak. So in this chapter, we looked at, okay, let's read this portion, Hebrews 10, 19 to 22. It's important passage. Therefore brethren, having boldest to enter the holiest by the blood of Jesus, by a new and living way, which he consecrated for us through the whale, that is his flesh, and having a high priest over the house of God, let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water. Right? So it's wonderful. The book of Hebrews talks a lot about, you know, all of this, entering God's presence. We must draw with full assurance of faith. We cannot go into God's presence and say, God, are you there? Are you there, God? No, I know I made a mistake. Are you there? No, he's there. Full assurance, full faith. God is there, right? With boldness and confidence, our hearts must be sprinkled and washed of evil conscience. That means what? The word of God and the work of the Holy Spirit that cleanses our heart and our inner person. We must keep washing ourselves in the natural. All of us, after wearing a shirt, or if you know that the shirt is dirty, what do we do? Wash it, right? We can't keep saying, no, no, no. I washed it in 2020. 2020, I washed this shirt. So from 2020 till now, I will not wash it because it's still good. No. Every time you constantly wash it, you keep using it, right? Now, if you look at clothes, clothes can last for 10 years, 12 years, right? But in the 10 and 12 years, you have looked after that properly. Yes or no, right? You have washed it on time. You have made sure it dries in the sun or whatever that has to be done, right? And made sure that you looked after your clothes well. It's washed.  Can you do you have a count? No, because you have kept washing it, kept wearing it, and it'll continue till it wears out. The same day, our spirit needs to be sprinkled with water, meaning the Holy Spirit keeps washing us. We keep going back. I cannot say, Lord, 2018, I became pastor. So now from 2018 till now, I will not keep cleansing myself and praying to the Holy Spirit. No, I have to keep doing it constantly, right? So the Holy Spirit washes our heart. He, from self condemnation, He lets our heart, you know, just into a place of confidence, assurance that God loves us. How many of you know that God loves you this morning? You must know that. You must know that His mercy is there. Think of the cross. Think of what Jesus did.  Did you ever think about it? You know, sometimes we read it, Jesus fed 5000. How? Five loaves of bread and two fish. Can ten people eat five loaves of bread and two fish? For how many people? You have 50 people in Bible college. We order so much food. Five thousand people, five loaves of bread and two fish. What did Jesus do? He prayed and He said, go and give it.  He's able to do such wonderful things. He's able to do such great miracles. And sometimes we limit God, no? We think, okay, God cannot do this. Or we'll ask everyone else, then we'll ask God. No. I have this assurance.  Let's go to chapter 31. Is there any questions? Feel free to ask. Those who are online, feel free to ask. Okay. I'm just going to keep going. 31. Raining in life because of the gift of righteousness. Romans 5.17. Yes, anyone can read? For if by the one man of death. Go ahead. I think Lucy, your internet is breaking off.  I think so the internet. Can you start again, please? Romans 5.17. Yes, brother. For if by the one man's offense, death rained through the one, much more than those who receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness will reign in life through the one Jesus Christ. By one man's offense, death rained. How much more those who received the abundance of grace and the gift of righteousness through the one Jesus Christ. One man's offense. What did Adam do? Don't eat, eat. Sin came into the world. Did God design death? When God created the heavens and the earth, did He say man will live and die? He just created man. He didn't say death is there. But through Adam's sin, death came into this world. Now because death came, Satan had victory. Did Adam raise from the dead? Is he living now? No. So death had victory. So who had victory that time? Satan. Satan had victory. He had dominion. He had power. He had authority. Now all the way till Jesus, even though God was doing great, wonderful miracles and we read all about it happening in the Old Testament, but still Satan has his dominion, his authority. It was there because there was death. And Satan had not been defeated. See, Satan was thrown from heaven down and he was working and his demons are working. They were not defeated. But on the cross, when Jesus died, what did he do? He defeated the devil. That means he said, devil, no, he died. He rose again from the dead. He said, devil, now you brought death into this world. You brought sin into this world. So what have I done? I have taken up the sins of the world and I have overcome death. What you brought, you brought death into this world. I've overcome it. Now I'm alive. Now can you kill me again? You cannot because you're defeated. And so what this one Adam did, he brought sin into this world. How much more Jesus through one act has brought us into a place of righteousness, one act. Now physically will we die? Yes. But spiritually we will live with him. It's victory. Right? So Satan has been defeated. Satan has, you know, through Christ we have been justified and brought out of subjection to sin, Satan and death. The gift of righteousness qualifies us to reign in life. Okay, what is the meaning of reign in life? The word reign in life means to be victorious at all times. Right? If you look at, you know, a sport for example, hey, this runner was reigning from the year 1990 to 2010. That means for the 20 years no one was as good as him. Wherever he went he won. Whichever tournament he participated in he won because he's the best 20 years. He reigned in the running field for 20 years. Jesus is saying reigned not for life, not for 20 years but reign for life.  Right? Romans 5 18, therefore as through one man's offense, judgment came into this world and to all men resulting in condemnation, even so through one man's righteousness, righteous act, the free gift came to all resulting in justification of life.  Why? Because Jesus is calling me victorious because I believe in Jesus. Now India won the World Cup.  Right? Next World Cup they lost, gone also. You never know what's going to happen next. Those victories are going to keep changing but this victory is forever. Everyone say forever. Till the end of your life even in the death bed we can smile and say, oh man, I'm waiting to meet with Jesus. Why? Then the devil will come and say, hey, you're not scared of dying. What is that to be scared? Why scared? I'm going to meet Jesus. Who's victory? Who's won? You know, I had this wonderful opportunity to, well, I was not yet a believer but I will never forget this.  I asked her, why do you pray so much? I'm praying for all of you. How can you pray so much? Whole night you're praying. You don't have anything else to do. I remember being so rude to her but one thing was I was at work, I was in office and we got the call that, you know, I was in the corporate sector that she's unwell and she's going to pass away anytime and we all went to the house and my grandmother was lying there on the bed. I will never forget this. Right? She was singing songs. Okay? And then we would say, grandma, we've come to, how are you feeling? Oh, it's a beautiful place. Oh, how I can see my master's face. All that she's saying. So I didn't understand. So but everyone else understood that she's already almost there. She's halfway into heaven. Oh, what a beautiful place. What a joy it is. She's singing songs, hymns, loudly she's singing. Right? And she's in so much pain but she's singing.  And she's smiling and in joy, she died. None of us in the house cried. None of them cried. I said, if I die, you know, when I die, I want death like this. None of them cried. They want children. Nobody cried. And I was looking at everyone. How come nobody's crying? Nobody cried. Why? Because we know she's in a better place. But now I understand after becoming a believer. I wasn't a believer, but I knew, hey, this is victory. Nobody's crying. Nobody cried. We went home. We had biryani. We ate and slept. Was the hurt there? Yes. But nobody cried. Nobody mourned for the death. Oh, well, no. What a beautiful death. Now, you and I are reigning in life. Physically, we may go. We will go someday. But the devil has been defeated. The devil has no claim over our life.  Okay, so what are you going to do? Yeah, I'm going to go to heaven. I'm going to be with the Lord Jesus. To be absent in the body is to be present with the Lord. Story closed. The devil is going to run away. That conviction should be there for us. We must reign victorious. We must reign in life. Right? Chapter 32. Quickly, we have five minutes. Let's look. We can try and finish this chapter. The armor of righteousness, Ephesians 6. Now, Ephesians 6 is Paul talks about the armor of God. He's talking to the believers. He's saying, therefore, take up the whole armor of God that you may be able to withstand in the evil day. And having done all to stand, stand, therefore, burden your waist with truth, having put on the breastplate of righteousness. Right now, Paul is painting a picture of a Roman God. How many of you have seen a picture of a Roman God? Romans, have you seen the Roman soldiers? What do they wear? They have those big helmets and the guard here, the chest guard and the belt and they have a sword and they're ready. Now he's painting a picture. He's saying to the believers, therefore, take up, the NIV says, put on the armor of God. Right? So that means we have to put it on. The armor is there. Put it on. You put it on. Paul is saying, put on. Therefore, take up the whole armor of God so that when the enemy comes, you'll be able to withstand him. Nowhere in the Bible later on does Paul say, take out the armor for some time. Just put it on at all times. What is that armor? Having burdened your waist with the truth and the breastplate of righteousness. This portion of our body, the breastplate, the breast area, this area is the most important area. Yes or no? If a sword comes and goes right into you or an arrow, what will happen?  But if a sword goes into our leg or arrow goes into leg, we can still survive. Yeah. If it goes on my shoulder, can we survive? Yes. But this portion, if it goes into our neck, what will happen? Gone. Right? This portion is important. So Paul is saying, this is the breastplate of righteousness, the most important part. Right? You cover yourself so that you can stand. Imagine a soldier, if he's going for war. Okay. And he's not worn the breastplate. Hey, I forgot it's at home. I've come for war. What is he going to do? He's going to stand sideways. Why? Because arrows are going to come or what's he going to do? He can't do anything. He has to cover himself. He's not going to be effective in the war at all.  So Paul is saying here, put on the righteousness, the breastplate of righteousness. Don't forget it because the devil will come shooting his arrows. That time you can just stand. Okay, shoot. The breastplate is there. Nothing will happen.  It's falling to the ground. It's not gone inside.  You can never be successful. All of these arrows of the devil, but it's hitting the breastplate of righteousness. The breastplate is saying, Hey, I have a right standing before God. Arrows are not doing anything to him. Right? Second Corinthians 6-7. Did you understand that? Everyone are looking at me like, what is he saying? Are you understanding? Right? Second Corinthians 6-7. By the word of truth and by the power of God, by the armor of righteousness on the right hand and on the left. So we talked about righteousness, right? That no matter what happens, no matter what the devil says, you and I, when we go back, even if we have sinned, we go back, ask Jesus to forgive us. You and I have a right standing before God. That does not change. That will not change. If we've asked for forgiveness, we have a right standing before God. The devil will throw arrows, but you say, Hey, I have the armor of righteousness and this is who I am. Right? So we'll pick up from chapter 33, next class Fellowship and Righteousness. And also going forward, if there are questions, you can feel free to, you know, those online can put it on the chat, but we can also take some time to, you know, to answer some questions if you have. All right. Have a great week. We can go. Bless you all. I'll see you next week.


Hi everyone, my name is Khan, I'm a PhD student at IBM Research Zurich and today I'm going to talk about our new paper called a non-PCP approach to succinct quantum state zero knowledge. This is joint work with Jonathan Boto, Vadim Lyubachevsky and Gregor Seiler. So in particular, this approach is related to lattice-based zero-knowledge proofs, which can be summarized as the problem of proving knowledge of a short vector S such that AS is equal to U, AS is equal to U mod Q. So there have been many recent works which prove this or similar relation and the main advantages are of this approach as it follows. First of all, they rely on the quantum-save assumptions such as CIS or LWE and also they can be implemented efficiently. So addition can be implemented straightforwardly but then we have multiplication which can be implemented using entities for example. So the main drawback is that the proof size is linear in the number of committed messages. So it is still fine for some applications such as group signatures or verifiable encryption but maybe for some other big scenarios, this is the proof size basically blows. Therefore, one can use a more kind of a generic approach which is the PCP approach such as Aurora or Ligero. So one could just transform this equation AS equals U into the underlying problem for these proof systems such as R1 CS and then one could just apply the generic proof system and then one can basically apply one of those protocols. So it is quantum-save because they rely on the collision-resistant hash functions but the proof size becomes sublinear. As synthetically, this is better than using lattice commitments technique. However, it is pretty slow compared to the lattices and in some cases the speed can be much more important than the proof size. So for example, when we want to implement protocols on constrained devices such as credit cards then we want to have efficient implementations. The motivation for this paper is for this talk is basically to construct purely lattice-based zero-knowledge proofs which get the advantages of these two worlds. So we want to have something which is sublinear but also is fast. So our contributions can be split into two protocols which are called level commitments and the lattice-based bullet proofs. Okay, so let's just focus on the first one. Okay, so let's start with the level one which is the previous work. So there is a paper at Crypto18 by Balm et al which provides the lattice-based zero-knowledge proof of a commitment opening with which is with the sublinear proof size. So the commitment is the standard SIS commitment and the proof size is asymptotically square root of n where n is the number of secret integers. So later on they show how to use that for proving surface satisfiability. Okay, so let's sketch out the protocol which is relatively simple. So the statement is AS is equal to T mod Q so AS and TR matrices and S already contains the randomness, okay? Okay, so S contains the randomness. The commitment is hiding and binding based on the SIS hardness. Okay, so the protocol is as follows. So there's a proof for Mario. It has the secret matrix S which is short and the commitment T. So Verifier only has T. So the prover at the beginning samples some Y that's used for the rejection sampling and then sends W which is AY. So it sends W. Later on the verifier gets the challenge matrix C. It will be binary in our case. It sends the challenge C. Then the prover sets Z to be equal to Y plus SC. It applies rejection sampling and it sends Z. Then the verifier checks two things. Firstly, if Z is small and then if AZ is equal to W plus TC. So correctness follows immediately because AZ, well, Z is equal to Y plus SC. So AZ is equal to AY plus SC which is equal to W plus TC. Now the proof size is the size of T and the size of C and the size of Z. So now we have to define what the dimensions are, unfortunately. So suppose that S is a matrix of dimensions N times M. A is K times N and capital N will be defined by N times M. So it's the number of integers inside the matrix S. By defining new variables we set TY and C and Z. So T is the matrix of dimensions K times N. Y is of dimensions N times V. C is of dimensions M times V and Z is of dimensions N times V. So the proof size can be simply bounded by KM times log Q. So this is the size of T plus MV which is the size of C. But later on we are just going to neglect the sizes of the challenges because they are small. And then we have the size of Z which is MV times log of 12 sigma which comes from the rejection sampling. So basically we want to, the idea is to pick parameters such that the sizes of the first two terms, well, the size of that is all similar to the size of the last term. So then if we choose parameters in such a way and in a way so that the size is hard and so on, the process can be bounded by the poly of lambda where lambda is the security parameter times big O of N plus M. But then N plus M will be kind of almost equal. Then this implies that it's the proof size becomes poly of lambda times almost square root of N asymptotically. Yeah, so this is kind of the idea of that paper which is called the level one. So now in the level two we will actually show how to get the cube root of N proof size. Okay, so level two. So suppose we have a secret matrix S of dimensions M1 and 2 times M3. So now the S has N integers in it which is equal to M1 times M2 and M times M3. So the elements in S are small. They belong to set P and P is small. Okay, so first of all let us write S. Let us write the S M1 matrices. So we will split S into S1, S2 up to SM1 where each SI has dimensions M2 times M3. So for Q which is less or equal, well for Q2 which is much smaller than Q1 the cube, the commitment becomes T is equal to, so okay so this might be a little bit scary but let's go through it slowly. T is equal to A1 times kind of a long matrix for the kind of complicated expression for the matrix. So identity M1 tensor A2 times S mod Q2 and the whole thing mod Q1. So in other words we can write that A1 times the matrix which contains the matrices A2 S1 mod Q2, A2 S2 mod Q2 up to A2 SM1 mod Q2 and the whole thing mod Q1. Okay, so why do we need the two moduli? The answer is that they will be useful for the binding property. Okay, so we have this definition of this level of commitment for the level two. So we say that the relaxed opening of T, so what we actually going to extract in the soundness group, the relaxed opening of T is a pair of small matrices S and R such that T is equal to A1 times, so we have this matrix in it inside. So identity M1 tensor A2 times S mod Q2 plus Q2 R, so this is this additional term and the whole thing mod Q1. So now let's see why we have this binding property. So suppose an adversary finds two different pairs S, R and S prime R prime, then we have the equality here. So first of all we can see that so we have A1 times something, some matrix and it's going to be small. I mean the matrix inside is small because R is small and Q2 is much smaller than Q1. So that's why the matrix which is in, which is multiplied by A1 is small. So therefore by the cis hardness of A1 mod Q1 we must have that these inner matrices are the same.  So from that we simply have that R is equal to R prime and identity M1 tensor A2 S is equal to identity M1 tensor A2 S prime mod Q2. Similarly we can argue that by the cis hardness of A2 mod Q2 we get that S is equal to S prime. So from that we get the binding property. So the level two basically is now. So the prover has S which is small and the statement is T is equal to A1 times that matrix identity tensor A2 S mod Q2 and the whole thing mod Q1. So let us write this inner, this matrix in the big brackets SS prime. Then the statement just becomes the level one protocol because S prime with the S prime being let's say secret. So obviously S prime is not short so we don't have to do the rejection something but okay so let's see how the first part of the protocol looks like. Okay so this we can for now we can ignore the first part because this will be useful rejection something at the end but yeah so the prover generates some Y, small Y and then it writes W which is equal to A2 Y and it sends W. Then the verifier sends the challenge C1 and then the prover sends V which is equal to S prime C1. So then the verifier checks that A1 V which is equal to A1 S prime C1 which is equal to TC1. So this protocol is very similar to the level one protocol right without rejection sampling. So what we have left to do is that we have to prove well-formedness of S prime. So this means that having sent the V which is S prime C1 we need to prove that V is equal to identity M1 tensor A2 times SC1 mod Q2. Okay so V is equal to as I said before V is equal to identity tensor A2 times S mod Q2 times C1. So we can alternatively write it as V is equal to the matrix A2 S1 mod Q2 A2 S2 mod Q2 up to A2 SM1 mod Q2 times C1. So if we write V as if we split V into M1 matrices like sub matrices then we get that VI is equal to A2 SI mod Q2 times C1. So now if we take the kind of a block transpose of V so we just take the transpose of the sub matrices VI then the matrix V1 V2 up to VM1 is equal to A2 times the matrix S1 C1 S2 C1 up to SM1 C1 mod Q2. So actually this becomes kind of a statement for the level one right. So on the left hand side we have a matrix which is public is equal to A2 which is public times a matrix which is small. This method of writing V into M1 matrices and then taking the block transpose we will call it folding. So now we can just continue with our with the level one protocol right. So the verifier will send C2 then we do the rejection sampling. So we write Z is equal to Y plus S1 C1 S2 C1 up to SM1 C1 times C2 then do the rejection sampling then we send Z and then the verifier checks that Z is small and A2 Z is equal to W plus this block transpose of V which is V1 up to VM1 times C2. So now the proof size becomes the size of T plus the size of V plus the size of Z. So if one figures out all the dimensions then each of them corresponds to different MI. So if we find parameters such as the sizes of T, V and Z are similar then the proof becomes basically poly of lambda times big O of N to the one-third. So in the paper we generalize this approach to many levels so if we have D levels then the proof size becomes asymptotically essentially N to the 1 over D plus 1. Also it is worth mentioning that D has to be a constant because otherwise if D is not a constant for example if D is log N then the extractor for soundness becomes inefficient indeed. So asymptotically the runtime of the extractor is something around like lambda to the D. Unless D is a constant the runtime of the extractor is not polynomial time. Okay so now let's switch to the lattice-based bullet proofs so we don't really have much time but it's okay to to give a high-level idea for that. So it is inspired by the original bullet proofs protocol and the main observation is as follows. So again we have some statement like A, S is equal to T but now we split A and S into two parts so we have A0, A1 and then the vector S0 and S1 so they have equal length. So then for any scalar C we have that C A0 plus A1 times S0 plus C S1 is equal to some cross terms W0 plus CT plus C squared W1 so W0 is A1 S0 and W1 is A0 S1. So if we send W0 and W1 to the verifier then we end up proving a kind of a similar equation. So it is of the form B S prime is equal to T prime and B is C A0 plus A1 S prime is S0 plus C S1 and T prime is W0 plus CT plus C squared W1. But now S prime is two times shorter than the original secret vector S so this means that we reduce the the length of the secret vector. Okay so how does the protocol look like? So for simplicity let us work over the polynomial ring. So A is A has only one row and one row and M columns. M is let's say very long and it's over RQ is ZQ of X modulo X to the n plus 1. So the statement is AS is equal to T where T is a polynomial. So we have the prover let's say Luigi this time. So he has the secret vector S obviously it's short and T. So the first step would be to send the cross terms just like before we send the W0 and W1 so W0 is A1 S S0 W1 is A0 S1 then the verifier selects some scalar C and then the prover sends S0 plus C S1. So it will send Z and then the verifier would check that C A0 plus A1 times Z is W0 plus CT plus C square W1. However this would require to send to actually send the Z and Z has the length M over 2 basically. So this would be quite expensive so apart so instead of doing that we could just continue with another round and prove that C A0 plus A1 Z is equal to W0 plus CT plus C square W1. So we can do that until it's not expensive to send the mast opening set basically. By calculating the sizes and choosing appropriate parameters we get the proof sizes polylogarithmic in n so n this capital N is now small n times n. In conclusion we have two protocols with two different approaches which have their advantages and disadvantages so let's just go through them. So the level commitments have the sublinear proof size and it's your knowledge but okay so the the second disadvantage is we have already explained that so the proof size is not polylogarithmic because D has to be a constant. Moreover there is this massive slack for large D so what do we mean by slack? So we say that that when the slack is big it means that when we when we do the knowledge extraction then the extractor finds the secret short vector or matrix S prime which is much much larger than the original witness S. So when we say larger we mean the let's say infinity norm or the L2 norm and so on. Basically both approaches have massive slack and this is because when we do one round then the slack is maybe okay in practice but then if we do it in multiple rounds then the slack grows exponentially that's why the extracted witness becomes very large usually zero knowledge proofs is one part of some higher level protocol and if the slack is big then all the other components of this of the protocol have to accommodate for that okay but for the lattice based bullet proofs we get the polylogarithmic proof size so there is no zero knowledge just like the original bullet proofs and there is this massive slack. Okay so thank you very much for listening and for watching. Here is the link for the full version of the paper. Thanks. Bye.