This is, you know, this is definitely profit-taking. Welcome to Access to Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey guys, good evening, everybody. Welcome to another edition of the Access to Trader.com Nightly Update Show. Hope everybody is doing okay. So let's talk about the tape. So we talked about it last night, this really stalling out process in the queues. Members of the queues, a lot of things kind of go in sideways. We also talked about this area here on the bottom channel, off this 335 level, that was gonna be a big number. And what happened today was, we started seeing a lot of weakness very, very quickly. And one of the biggest clues to what a market can do, what the stocks can do, or what a sentiment can do, is kind of just watching them with the pre-market action. And if you saw this morning, Google got an upgrade, Tullo got an upgrade, and Zoom, right? They all got upgraded this morning, and they all had one thing in common, they did not move. They absolutely did not move. And not only did they not go higher off these initiations or whatever the case may be on different brokers, they started trickling lower even before the market opened. And based on what we were talking about yesterday, a potential stalemate until Netflix earnings, we'll get to that in a second. We kind of knew that the bias was gonna be either sideways to down, sideways to down, because that's kind of what they've been demonstrating since kind of straddling this linear regression line. Again, before we even go on, just understand one thing, before we start talking about what happened today, this is not a statement that this is a bare market. You gotta be out of your mind to make a statement like that. We had a huge move from the 324 level on the Qs for two weeks straight. We went sideways, we hit supply, we hit digestion. All this is happening right now, especially yesterday and today is the product of taking profits, right? The Qs put up a $17, $18 candle in eight days until we start losing back that 324 level, which is the 50 day moving average. The idea of calling this a sell-buy as bare market is crazy, just out of its mind. What you can do, call this as profit taking, exactly what it is. And no matter how good a market is and the market was absolutely amazing for the last better part of two weeks, you're always going to have some opportunities to the downside as well. And we always talk about being ready for that downside. And because of what I saw or what I didn't see today, out of upgrades in Zoom and Google and Tulo, we kind of start looking at the downside bias. And yeah, I put some pivots into the upside as well, but there was definitely meat on the bone to the downside. There was an Apple event today, which was pretty much stale, right? I think that the most I got out of it was they're introducing a purple iPhone, cool, right? Makes me think of prints, purple rain, dubs cry, I get it, I get it, I'm feeling it, right? But other than that, it was a complete snooze fast. So I did put a pivot to the upside obviously and never got that. It really did paint a picture that sellers were coming in, they were taking control and the two big things after the close, obviously people were waiting for was Netflix, that was coming out with earnings and the George Floyd, the officer, I forgot his name, the guy who killed George Floyd murdered, let's just say, let's keep it what it is, murdered George Floyd. The verdict is coming out imminent, probably by the time I finished this video. So there was a lot of anticipation, but we'll start with Netflix and we saw big buyers, remember this wasn't the first time we talked about it, we saw really big buyers for call buyers deep out of the moneys, we were watching all week, they were coming for the 575s, the 595s, the 600s and if you look at today's order flow, they were coming for the June 6, 2020, 650. So there was a lot of big money being bet on Netflix and it really does prove that no matter what the bets are, it's all speculation, you could have literally the earnings right in your hand and the stock might completely react, completely different on those bets and all those people are putting hundreds of thousands of dollars on the line going into Netflix earnings, they got nothing to show for it, but expiration of their calls pretty much worthless and it really does tell you is price action is the key, does it really make a difference what Netflix said today in earnings? I'm a big fan of Netflix, I use Netflix every day, okay, I love the content, I love everything about it, but apparently not everybody does, right? There's a lot of options now, you got Disney Plus, you have Hulu, you have Shmuelu, you have everything in between, so there's not one of these things that it's Netflix or it's nothing at all, I'm a big fan, you don't need to watch it, right? I mean, who knows, but more of the story in the stock is getting sold pretty aggressively after the close, as you can see by this candle, they did announce a $5 billion share buyback, which is kind of cool, but again, at the end of the day, price action speaks and most important Netflix could definitely set a tone for tomorrow's session for the rest of technology, keep this in mind. The other big tech heavyweights, the Amazon, the Apples of the world, the Facebooks, the Googles of the world, the Teslas, they're reporting next week, so again, I don't know if this headline or this earnings release on Netflix is gonna be kind of a stigma what's gonna happen for the rest of the week, but at least going into tomorrow, if I was, and today was literally my first day after I started seeing what was going on pre-market, this is the first day I could turn around and say, you know what, there is some sell bias here, there is some value here, we'll go through the pivots in a second and we could definitely take advantage of that value, so if you go into tomorrow's session, I mean, look, are there names you could look to tomorrow on the upside, you know, like maybe like a Walmart, right? And again, maybe it's not a traditional name, but maybe like a Walmart, maybe a name, you know, some of the financials got really, really sold off today and those are really big drivers, but I have to say, I mean, even after, or even before, excuse me, Netflix came out with earnings, I was already kind of making my watch list and look, there's probably a day two for some areas that we could take advantage of on the sell side tomorrow, and again, I will keep on reiterating this point until we lose 324 on the close, this is all just a healthy back test from a tremendous move, so anybody who's calling this bear market, you know, bear market moves back to downside is, you know, it's okay, it's a little noloco, this is, you know, this is definitely profit-taking, is it possible? If the earnings, this quarter come out terrible, is it possible we could back test all the way to the 50-day moving average? Listen, in this market, anything is possible, but again, until we start using the word sell biased, can we at least lose the 50-day moving average where all this big rally started from? I think that's a very, very fair point, so again, listen, if you are buying stocks all the way at the top in the last, you know, three, four days of kind of stalemate before we started selling off yesterday and selling off today, is it gonna hurt you? Yeah, I know, yeah, probably, right? It's probably gonna hurt you, but again, this is the difference between knowing where stocks break out or where stocks continue, and unfortunately, if you are a short-term trader and you really have to know your levels, this is the first close today below the 10-day moving average, which is kind of important, right? You know, stocks go in cycles, they go from the five to the 10, and if you believe that stocks trade from supply to supply, you have to kind of believe that stocks possibly could trade demand to demand, so here's the next demand zone, which is 331 on the queue, so if you go through some of the names today, and again, the biggest challenge, one of the biggest challenges when you have such an aggressive market, right? One of the biggest challenges is finding value, okay? Really, you know, finding value to the downside, because keep this in mind, everything is way above their channel, so you're not pretty much every day going to be looking for a $10, $15 move considering how high some of these stocks are, but there is going to be value, there are going to be names that if you look for and you do your research day in, day out, which again, every single trader, no matter what their ability level is, no matter what their stage of their career is, everybody should be putting in the work, you will see some good value, so last night, we talked about in the video, right? We talked about in the video, it stopped here two separate times, it confirmed today had a really nice move, we talked about Roku last night on the video, again, held this whole level here and just not only did it go down six, seven points from the pivot, now it's down 14 after the close, sympathy to the Netflix move, so there's definitely some jittery bulls at really, really high levels. Always remember, the market doesn't care what you think or your opinion, the market cares about your structure, right? And this is obviously a very, very good construction market right now. It went from a big move from the 324 Qs all the way up to into the 340 level and now it's just call profit taking after a very, very big move and the most important part is recognize this early, not get obsessed with stocks through up eight, nine days in a row. Again, if you've been watching this broadcast, we've been kind of talking of that with nausea and really being pay attention to levels. So let's talk about today, I actually kept a piece of a position overnight on, and I'll show you one of the pivots here, but again, I started putting in, I started putting in some pivots to the upside and then I started putting some pivots into the downside. So Netflix reports after the close, obviously this was early in the morning, let's see if it has a pre earnings run up, 560 is a big spot of supply, if it builds can run up to 566, 567. Let me tell you one thing, I watched literally Netflix go from 560 to 565, from 564 and a half in about 10 seconds. Unless you were a high frequency robot, there was no liquidity. I'm talking about it, it literally went up four or five points in about 15 seconds, there was absolutely no liquidity. It felt like it ran up on air. So if you somehow got this trade, God bless, I just literally watched it go from 565 to 565 in seconds, it was absolutely no liquidity. Apple again had their day, pretty much a Yornfest, right? The biggest thing again, like I mentioned earlier, purple iPhone, okay, right? Barney Prince, right? Billy 108 needs to build, never got there. Goldman Sachs 344, 345 needs to build, never got there. VCRX 1160, 117, never got there. As you can see, a lot of things didn't get there, but then I started putting the pivots into the downside and they came in pretty aggressively. Again, congratulations for you guys who did catch these trades. 608, if it builds below, can flush. 601 is the first target. Again, nobody's looking for demolishment or the end of the world. Again, we're just talking about levels coming in from demand zones to demand zones after a big run up. So 608, if it builds below, can flush. 601 first target, here was NVIDIA, right? Here was NVIDIA, took out the 608 level, this whole level here, went right through the 10 day moving average all the way down to 598, not a bad move at all. Good job for you guys who caught it. Baidu, not a huge move, but again, that's the whole point. You're not gonna get huge moves on a lot of names, right? Baidu 20750, 207, if it builds below, can flush. 197, I still like it. I still think it goes lower and probably goes lower tomorrow, but here was Baidu. Again, not a huge move at all. So it took out this whole channel here and traded down to the 204s. I do believe that starts confirming down that 204 channel, you could still get down at 197 level, especially if the market continues to kind of sell into tomorrow. So again, $225, not the biggest in the world. I'm still short this thing. I actually got short in the 1457 level, 57 area for 1450. This was kind of macro control if it builds below, can flush. And look at the IQS chart. This is why I kept it overnight. This is a big, big move. If you guys remember from that unwinding, the low here was 1460, right? Stock pretty much closed at the lows and now the stock is trading 1404 here after hours.  So hopefully who knows? Maybe there's one more surge tomorrow.  So I still like this thing for tomorrow as well. So nice move there. Roku 354, it builds below, can flush. First target, 348, right? Here was Roku, right? So here's the 348 level, excuse me, 354. And here's the 349. And obviously the stock has traded out to like 336 after hours is getting absolutely destroyed here on the Netflix reaction. And I think that's about it. Take on the way down, right? Take on the way down, new lows, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, and new lows.  But again, like I said a few minutes ago, you could take advantage of what's going on. Again, stocks don't go straight up, stocks don't go straight down. And again, if you're an investor in these companies, does it really make a difference what it's gonna do tomorrow? Probably not, right? But if you are a trader and you trade both sides of the market, your job is to identify the best value and trade accordingly. So guys, have a great night everybody. Now that the spring is here, my kids have, you know, my daughter has had a softball game. Yes, she has a softball game. Literally after I record, I have to take it to that. And then after that, I take my son to his basketball game.  Guys, have a great night. God bless and I'll see you all tomorrow.


So thank you very much for all of you for coming I got to say I wasn't expecting this many folks to come and You've all just made me much much more nervous than I was This is a rather unique kind of talk for me to give in that There isn't what I would call science And there's no hard data that's in there. That's not the point of this talk I'd like to give you an overview of what I do what I do with my graduate students and Try to help you perhaps get a little bit as excited as we are about the work that we're doing and about these atmospheric Particles that are in the atmosphere. So it turns out that everyone Including my wife hates this title. Come on tantalizing glimpses into the lives. I really couldn't come up with anything better because I Wouldn't say I couldn't say understanding atmospheric aerosols because we know almost nothing about them in spite of all our efforts At one time we considered them to be Systems and stasis they didn't change you form the particles they go in the air and they do whatever they do Well, we realize today that that is not the case They do have real lives and those lives depend on many many factors including the atmospheric conditions But the chemistry which is what we are interested in trying to unravel But first I'll start with just a little quiz All right, so see if you can tell me what these things have in common So this is a beautiful photo that my graduate student Rebecca took from Mount Mansfield looking out This is a nice sunny off September afternoon. I believe in Beijing What has to be a main lighthouse here with the waves breaking okay, and something that I know Joel Goldberg will appreciate a bacon inhaler So what do these things have in common think about it? If we think about what this bacon inhaler does that is that it mists The the fragrance of bacon. I have no idea if it's real. I just found it on the net, but Anybody knows if it's real. Let me know They all form aerosols that is these This these suspensions of fine liquid or solid particles that are dispersed in the gas All right, usually we don't think about it when we're breathing in here, but I mean, I hate to tell you you're breathing probably 10 to 20,000 particles for every milliliter of air that you breathe That's that's a lot of particles, you know, luckily our body can can get rid of them But these particles are everywhere right and as Dwight mentioned they do have health issues And we are involved in that although it's not something that I'll have the time to discuss with you today But if we think about These aerosols and how they might affect the climate which is really It's just our focus again. We build instruments We develop methodologies and we apply to things that interest us but we're by no means atmospheric chemists or global modelers or or Or atmospheric scientists, but if we think about the annual mean particular matter 2.5 So this is what the EPA regulates as part as one as they're one of their air quality standards and This is actually satellite retrieval data that shows the concentration of this fine particulate So these are all particles that are below 2.5 micrometers in diameter You see that there's a these numbers are really not zero They're close to zero, but they're not zero and we really have a global distribution of this fine aerosol and You can pick out some obvious features like of course here. We have the populated regions of China and India The northeastern US you can see the levels of the particulate are quite elevated the EPA limit by the way is a 35 micrograms per thousand liters of air As a 24-hour average, but you can see that as we might expect pollution, right? We have all these very high concentrations of particulate in the atmosphere But maybe what you don't recognize is that in some cases like here in Africa and and the The Amazon rainforest for example, we have still quite elevated concentrations of particulate These are relatively pristine regions and we might ask where those particles come from Which is really going to be the focus of what I'll talk about today Now the EPA regulates the mass of these particulate because that's the easiest thing to measure And it's actually kind of a silly metric to use because there are many coastal regions as you might imagine Because the waves generate these large particles there's lots of mass in those particles and there's a lot of coastal regions that are not in compliance simply because of the of the sea spray But it's difficult to measure any other to quantify any other parameter that we can use as a regulatory metric So these part these particles are in fact globally distributed And if we take a closer look at what the at the some of the physical dimensions of these particles What we really see is that while the EPA regulates from this line down in terms of mass Almost anywhere in the world you will find that particles really exist in three different size ranges and Which rain which size range they exist in really depends largely on how they were formed So if we look over at the course side here, so this is ten to a hundred micrometers That's about the diameter of a human hair not mine necessarily, but of a human hair And these large particles are formed primarily by mechanical processes. So waves breaking Road wear dust being picked up by wind And So these particles as I'll say in a minute we lose them by sedimentation gravity simply pulls them down to the earth To the surface and we lose them and it can do that because these are relatively massive Particles, so we're not really very concerned with these mechanical with aerosols from these mechanical processes Rather particles can be formed in the atmosphere through chemistry All right, that's what gets us excited and these particles are much smaller So you can see there's actually two modes, so this is the so-called nucleation mode So that's the first time that we can measure that particles are formed But that's an instrumental limitation, right? It's not something I'm going to get into but there's actually a fourth mode Which are which is called the eight can mode and particles are even smaller there, but these are formed through through the reaction of organic gases or gases in the atmosphere that react with ozone or some other oxidants in our atmosphere to form New compounds that really don't want to be in the gas phase, right? They're very low volatility So they either condense on themselves making new particles or they can condense on existing particles allowing them to grow if we So we have the we have the the two ways really that we can generate these particles obviously these aren't just building up in our atmosphere There are removal mechanisms. I already mentioned sedimentation for these very small particles here diffusion is actually the primary mechanism of loss So they're so small. They're almost like molecules that they're moving around so quickly They're just by random impact with surfaces. They're lost If we look on the other hand at this range here between point one and one micrometers the so-called accumulation mode This is kind of the the Goldilocks regime because these particles are too small to feel really the pull of gravity They don't settle very well by sedimentation But they're too large to really be lost by diffusion So it turns out that rain out is the only way these particles are lost. They do form clouds and Because they have the lowest removal rate they tend to have the longest atmospheric lifetime So meaning they have more the most time to to create problems in the atmosphere all right to impact atmospheric processes and This is actually one of the challenges with trying to do these analyses is that if you think about it We're spanning about five orders of magnitude in size and to find one method that will allow you to measure across that entire range Is not trivial All right, but let's coming back to the atmosphere then We already saw before that Particles here clearly they reduce the visibility. So even in clean Vermont We We have particles that are getting in the way between us and what we're trying to view So we see this haziness going along. We saw two really good examples of aerosols for For human health if you will that is you know the bacon inhaler and anybody who uses an inhaler for for asthma control For example, so aerosols are a common way for delivering pharmaceuticals What I'm going to concentrate on really is on the impact of aerosols on climate or how they can impact our climate and we're really going to look at We're going to focus in on how the aerosols Change the amount of solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface the so-called radiative balance As you might imagine particles if they're in the way just as in your line of sight here If they're in the way between the Sun and the Earth's surface, they might scatter radiation back into the atmosphere They might absorb the radiation and then emit it either down or up All right, in either case and they are reducing the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface And in fact the community has taken to Saying that aerosols tend to be global dimmers Balancing global warming which is a really dangerous thing because they don't balance global warming We know very little about the magnitude of this so-called direct effect So it's a direct interaction of the particles with the sunlight And even though we know we know very little about this effect We know even less about these so-called indirect effects. So again these particles are in the atmosphere There's lots of humidity around they can take on water form clouds And as we can see especially today if we have clouds we have less sunlight reaching your surface again global dimming and for us The unifying factor between these direct and indirect effects is that they're both dependent at least in part on the Chemistry of these particles All right in order for these particles to become cloud droplets. They have to take on water which means they have to be hydrophilic And that's going to depend on the chemistry the wavelengths that are absorbed or scattered depend on the molecules that make up those those particles So if we focus down a little bit here and we look at just the fine mode so again, we're looking at p.m 2.5 and below I can kind of see that Pm 2.5 and below if we were to break it up in this if we were to break this pie into organic So these are particles that contain mainly molecules made up of carbon oxygen nitrogen hydrogen And inorganic particles which you can think of assaults We actually find that between 20 and 90 percent of the mass of these particles is organic in nature Which was a surprise about 15 20 years ago. It was never something that was considered And There's actually this large variability here of 20 to 90 percent for several reasons one Obviously, we're going to have regional differences depending on whether we're measuring above a forest canopy or we're measuring in downtown New York City We're going to have a different distribution of organic and inorganic But there's also uncertainties and our abilities to measure the mass of these particulate And even worse the models that we're using to try and predict what these concentrations are globally Really suffer some major Disadvantages that I'll discuss in a second If we kind of drill in a little bit now and look at just the organic fraction We see that That organic aerosol is actually consists of two classes if you will and these are Defined by how the how the particles are formed that is whether they are emitted directly into the atmosphere so called primary organic particles here and you can see that's a very small portion of it or Whether the particles themselves are formed chemically in the atmosphere and we refer to these as secondary organic particles Secondary because they are formed in the atmosphere as opposed to being directly emitted and if we look at this pie 70 to 90 percent of the mass of the organic fraction Which is 20 to 90 percent of the total fine particulate mass in the atmosphere is secondary in nature So see if you can guess where we focus our work We're really looking at secondary organic aerosols Try to understand their chemistry try to understand how they form how they age and react in the atmosphere And how they interact with how they interact differently with sunlight perhaps based on how they were formed So this To look at it from up on high really and making it as I don't say simple as straightforward as possible Really secondary organic aerosols. They have both Biogenics or natural sources and anthropogenic sources, but by and large the The biogenic sources dominate so all trees all leafy plants grasses they emit a class of compounds called terpenes and these terpenes are very reactive and Red have you got the show-and-tell time So I always tell my students the most dangerous thing we work with is water and any chemicals we use have to smell nice So she's actually passing around if you just waft out on there. There's nothing dangerous about them Honest You just waft them under your except you Jim just waft them under your nose And you can smell two of the compounds that we work with limonene which is emitted predominantly through citrus trees and Hexenol which is a compound that we discovered that is emitted when you mow lawns and both of these are very active and Contribute to atmospheric aerosol. So by and large we focus on the biogenic sources. So these trees They're always emitting these volatile organic compounds or VOCs So these are compounds that want to be in the gas phase They react with Atmospheric oxidants and there's a slew of them But really we focus on ozone for several practical reasons and because it is the primary Occident for this class of compounds So when these VOCs are oxidized you form products you're basically adding oxygen to the molecules And you form products that are lower volatility All right, so they don't want to be in the gas phase as much anymore And if they don't want to be in the gas phase they really have two options They can nucleate or condense Which I mentioned before leads to those very small particles below a hundred nanometers But these volatile semi volatile vapors can also partition Partition is just a fancy way of saying that they spend sort of like the snowbirds half their time in the gas phase And half their time in the particle phase and this partitioning is Very dependent is critically dependent on the phase of the particles on the viscosity of those particles And I'll talk a little bit more about that later But really what what's been guiding our research is this discrepancy here That is we have decent measurements or at least we think we have decent measurements of the mass of secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere The modelers believe that they have a decent handle on predicting how much so a mass should be out there and Unfortunately the measured so a loading or secondary organic aerosol and by loading. I'm just thinking I'm just trying to Indicate the amount of aerosol mass that's in the atmosphere But the measured amounts are between 10 and 100 times greater than the modeled amounts so there's something missing somewhere and When we brainstorm and try to think about what those things might be Well clearly there's either something missing from the measured values or there's some bad assumptions on the models How can we go about trying to decrease that discrepancy? And really we had three goals to try to do this one We are firm believers that you can't simply look at the chemistry as a bulk property Which is what models do out of necessity Right the computing power simply isn't there to treat every single chemical reaction that's occurring in the atmosphere But people have taken liberties in in extrapolating From these bulk measurements to things like the amount of light that's scattered or the amount of light that's absorbed And we don't think you can do that We think you really need to have a molecular level understanding of what's happening and what's in those particles Obviously there may be some missing soil precursors that aren't being included in the models Okay, that's kind of low-hanging fruit there and finally because this partition is Either is the redistribution of these vapors onto the aerosol It's going to change the amount of aerosol mass that you can have so this partitioning is very important and that partitioning as I said We like to break it up into whether the particles are liquid or solid But really it's a spectrum and I'll talk about that at the very end So the challenge is that we really had the face where that we have very low mass That we're trying to analyze So remember this is the region that we're trying to measure in this is the accumulation mode And if you think that a one micrometer particle has about a picogram 10 to the minus 12 grams of total mass So if it was a pure compound, that's how much mass you'd have to analyze you'd have to measure All right, so that's one trillionth of a gram But if we think that on the other hand that these particles are composed of multiple chemicals It actually turns out that they have hundreds or thousands of different chemicals Now you're taking that one picogram and distributing it over a hundred different compounds or a thousand different compounds So you have even less mass of each compound that you're trying to measure The other thing is as I said these are chemically complex How do we get the chemical information if we want to do molecular level analysis? How do we get that information out and alpha pine in here is one of the predominant terpenes that's emitted So it's become the poster child And aerosol mass spectrometry was something that started to come out while I was working in Italy And that's what got me into the field But there's two ways we can do aerosol mass spectrometry so called hard and it really doesn't It's not important what exactly that means But what we're doing with hard is that we're breaking the molecules So this alpha pine in if we plot a an abundance of a certain molecule Versus the weight of that molecule if I have a pure particle I should see one thing which is the molecular weight of that molecule But when we use traditional or conventional aerosol mass spectrometry that is a very hard hard method of analysis This is what we see So for one compound that we should have seen one signal here We see all of these fragments of that molecule Now we'd have to try and figure out how to how to do this puzzle if you will that is we have all of these pieces How do we put them together? All right, so this is like a five thousand piece puzzle That you're trying to do without having the picture Maybe even after a couple of glasses of wine it becomes a little difficult What we pioneered is this method of Soft ionization that is our goal was to keep all the molecules intact when we did the chemical analysis So this believe it or not is the same particle as this that is alpha pine in that's been reacted with ozone and again the green here is where that compound would be and We see many products many chemical products again each one of these lines is the abundance of a molecule Of that weight which we can then relate to the to the chemical structure if you will So this soft ionization Really simplifies our problem, you know now we've gone to a maybe a 50-piece puzzle You know one of those floor puzzles for the kids and and you'd be doing it while you're drinking your first glass of wine A little more doable. You still don't have the picture. You still don't know what you're supposed to get in the end but the simplicity really helps and This is the only slide I have of our of our instrument even though I'm very proud of it and For lack of any sort of imagination on my part we call it a near infrared laser desorption ionization aerosol mass spectrometer another one of those I don't know how to do short words But this is a so it's a near IR LDI and again we developed it with the express golds of keeping them out keeping the molecules intact so we can do a chemical composition and trying to see those very very low minute amounts of mass that we're trying to measure and Just briefly so here we have our atmospheric aerosol We sample it through something that's called an aerodynamic lens that makes a beam of particles We collect those particles on an aluminum probe Excuse me, and then we fire a near infrared laser. These are very common. They're actually very inexpensive We vaporize and ionize those particle components and Then we do chemical analysis by traditional time of flight mass spectrometry This is actually what the beam what the particle beam looks like so this is the exit of the particle inlet Excuse me, so the particles are moving left to right and counter propagating to that We have a green laser so everywhere those two beams in our Cross you actually get scattered and you see the light so you're really looking at a photograph of those particles and Some pictures not pretty, but this is the one of the instruments that we built This is the green where you see the particle beam is going from left to right And they're not pretty pictures, but hopefully gives you an idea of the the challenge and then the work that went into Developing these and I'm putting putting these systems together mostly by my graduate students. I have to give credit there So we've worked with this for many years now We know it's capable of doing the chemical analysis at the levels we want and with with the Level of softness that we need to keep the molecules intact But that instrument is part of an entire research infrastructure that we were we've been able to put together through the generous contributions of the National Science Foundation and others Where we have the University of Vermont Environmental Chamber or UV mech It's an 8,000 liter chamber and around this chamber we have a whole suite of instruments that we've either developed or their commercial instruments and tried to color code them here for gas phase analysis the LP and the knee and then I'm sorry the LP and the SNPS here these measure physically the size distributions of these aerosols And so on and we can do optical Characterization of these particles as well, but again, I won't talk about that today So as I mentioned, this is what we're trying to decrease this discrepancy between the two and now we have an instrument that allows us to look at the molecular level chemistry going on and one of the first things we applied it to was hey Are there some other precursors out there some other volatile compounds that we've never thought about that could be making particles and The fact that all came about when I was mowing my lawn I mean, we all know that fresh lawn smell, right? You get it from one of those vials but so those are very aromatic compounds when you mow the lawn and All of the terpenes are also very aromatic. That is from a sensory Perspective, so I wondered if all the stuff that I was throwing into the air there all of those volatile compounds could form particulate and Of course after the fact we saw that in fact these compounds here are emitted in great quantities by any kind of leafy plants And their main role is as a response to stress and implant plant or plant Insect signaling so what I did was I took some clippings a few summers ago actually We and Rebecca was waiting with bated breath at the lab. We put the clippings inside the chamber We let them stew for a little bit and then Rebecca started measuring what was in the gas phase and What she found again now each one of these peaks is a different compound that's in the gas phase and She was able to identify these compounds through various methods that we use but of course the question is will they react with ozone to make aerosol and So the next thing to do is to burp in a little bit of ozone and in fact This is what's in the gas phase after we introduce the ozone so you can see some peaks have completely disappeared We completely consumed those those compounds from the gas phase and new ones have shown up meaning we've made different phase Gas phase products, but for us the exciting part was if we look at the amount of aerosol that was formed So here we're looking again at the size distribution of the aerosol that's formed so we have the number of particles on the y-axis and The diameter of those particles on the x-axis and it was lots and lots and lots of particles So we thought this is something that we really need to study and in fact Rebecca just completed her PhD thesis on this project a couple of a couple of weeks ago already and One of my other graduate students shosh will be completing also on this project So it turned out to be a good summer day of mowing the lawn If we take this aerosol now and we want to look at the chemical composition We see things like this So these are two of the compounds that we know is emitted by the leafy plants by the grass clippings We buy the standards we inject them independently inside our chamber and we put in ozone and we measure the chemistry of the particles Again, I want to stress that each one of these lines or peaks is indicative of the abundance of a given type of molecule so we can literally just Add that up and say okay. This has to be made up of carbon oxygen Hydrogen what could it be and looking at that relatively simple mass spectrum? We're able to come up with some chemical mechanisms that tell us the molecular pathway of getting from the gas phase to the particle phase for these compounds and I'll give you a second to study those but They that was a joke Just in case But really did this is important not because of the detail really but because that chemical detail allows us to Determine the type of reaction that's going on if you will so for this particular compound It's an oligomerization reaction meaning we're just adding molecule to a tail of a molecule to a tail of a molecule and so on We're essentially making little bouncy springs Whereas for this molecule just looking at the chemical composition of the particles you can see that they're completely different But here we saw that the the oligomerization was actually shut down So we would not expect these particles to be bouncy all right So Following along with that then we can do the chemical analysis. We can find missing precursors But now we have to figure out. How do we know that? I mean that chemical clue there told us that perhaps One of those SOA sources made one kind of particle bouncy and the other one made non bouncy and Those are the only terms I can use because any scientific terms I use are argued by every reviewer that we have So how do we go about determining how thick these particles are how viscous or how fluid they are All right, so just to give you a little primer on Viscosity right so this is the ability of molecules to flow past each other Here's a scale of some of viscosity based on some known substances going from water olive oil honey all the way up to a glass marble Now you can imagine if these were particles made up of these substances They would behave completely differently in the atmosphere right ozone would would permeate a droplet of water very quickly Throughout the entire droplet it would not do that to a glass marble. It would be limited to the surface Of course we're in Vermont, so I wanted to put the Vermont reference of viscosity there So they have pure Vermont maple syrup between olive oil and honey and as Dwight mentioned I was in Canada I didn't want to forget our friends to the north. So there's the Canadian pure maple syrup a Lot of people didn't get the joke so I was a little worried But anyway the point being that how do we gauge how viscous these particles are so that we know To tell the modelers here's how you should treat these in the models With with regards to partitioning because if you look at liquid particles If you look at liquid particles as I mentioned if a gas is going to react with it that gas is going to quickly diffuse into the Center there's really nothing holding it back and we get what we call bulk chemistry the entire Particle is acting as as one entity if on the other hand We're at the other end of the spectrum like the glass marble then we might have a scenario like this and again solid is in quotes because There's a specific definition for solid and we didn't make specific measurements of viscosity But here you you might expect that the ozone these are little ozone molecules that the ozone is going to be relegated to the surface And we get mainly surface mediated chemistry as opposed to bulk chemistry and here we have slower no diffusion So these are two completely different scenarios now the question is how do we figure out which scenario is at play for any given chemical system and What we did was actually take advantage of the limitation of a The conventional method of making aerosol measurements Which is to accelerate particles towards a filter for example or towards some flat surface and Hopefully they'll splat and they'll stick and then after a week of doing that you wash them off and you do your chemical analysis But one of the big problems that those types of instruments are called cascade impactors That that they have is particle bounce Sometimes when that particle is accelerated towards a plate doesn't go splat goes boing falls off bounces off and moves on and The scientific community tried Not spent a lot of effort trying to reduce that bounce and we actually tried to flip that on its head And I'll show you in a second how we did that so if we have liquid particles that are going into this cascade impactor So we actually have 15 of these impaction stages in turn and the particles are accelerated more and more as you go down So typically we collect large particles on the first so here we have particle diameter We collect large particles on the first stages and we collect small particles at subsequent stages So if we look at the number of particles here as a function of diameter for these liquids Which should splat on every stage We would get a distribution that perhaps looked like this with a hundred nanometers being the peak of that distribution If we did the exact same measurement with solid particles if they all went splat We would see the same kind of distribution So now here a di-octylsubricate is a reference for a liquid particle ammonium sulfate is a reference for a solid particle But that's not what we see So we set up the system so that it either shut down bounce completely or it favored bounce so if something was going to bounce we were going to see it and when we compare the Di-octylsubricate the liquid particles as they're measured with the system to favor bounce Not surprisingly we see the exact same distribution Because there's no way they're going to bounce they're liquid If we do that with ammonium sulfate on the other hand You see that all the particles that should have been counted at these earlier stages as bigger particles are now all being counted as smaller Particles meaning they bounced all the way down So we've tried to maximize this this loss due to bounce and use it as a surrogate for viscosity really is what we're doing and If I show you some real data that we that we took so for example here So from this data we can calculate a bounce factor right which again we relate to the viscosity of the particles So if we inject di-octylsubricate into our UV mech That's these pink pink symbols here the bounce factor is zero just as we expect. We know it's a liquid If on the other hand we inject ammonium sulfate, so these are the open squares We know it's a solid. We know we're gonna get significant bounce and I won't go into why it tails off But that's something that is very interesting to us What was really surprising to us is here. We have a reference for a solid particle This is aerosol that was formed with alpha pining again one of these terpenes After it reacted with ozone and it has a larger bounce factor than our solid reference Which was what makes us think of the super balls right these these polar mirror Polymeric chains That are causing those particles to be really susceptible to bounce So it's giving us some information about about the viscosity of the particles and just to show that we could actually Said these are the lives of these particles that I mean they're living they're changing as a function of time They're changing as a function of humidity and so on and time The green symbols here are oleic acid particles, which we generate So it's a primary organic particle organic aerosol, and we know it's a liquid It's made component in olive oil in a time 45 minutes here. We injected a little bit of ozone and All of a sudden these liquid particles are not entirely liquid anymore. They're actually showing a significant increase in the bounce fraction So this work all came about from some Observations we made with our instrument that we simply could not Interpret unless we assume the particles were solid or at least non-liquid It took us took us a while to convince the community that what that that was the in fact the case So now we have to really start thinking about the viscosity and how it's treated in models We have to start thinking about the specific molecular structure of a compound and how it's going to react To form what types of products will those products take on water? Will they absorb light? This is these are all unknowns again people ask me what it is. I have against modelers. I've got nothing against models They're doing the best they can with the tools they have But unfortunately, we're never going to be able to make accurate predictions unless we start to take some of these factors into account in those models so I started it with how our thinking has changed based on some of the stuff that we've done and Suppose I'll just point out that We found very easily one missing source of so in the atmosphere. There's lots more out there. I Don't know whether anyone will ever make it an inventory of these of these but who knows but for us We like exploratory research. This was something new had never been done So we did it. So these emissions from the green leafy plants are actually called green leaf volatiles It's another class of volatile organic compounds. And that's just one example Importantly so a particles which Conventionally were always thought of to be liquid at atmosphere conditions are not and that's going to change our thinking of The impact during their lifecycle in terms of what they're going to do in the atmosphere and that phase is actually a complex function Of the atmosphere conditions the temperature chemistry time Whether it's a Monday or Tuesday. It's all there It's something that I haven't I had the chance to touch on really but it's that the optical and physical properties of the SOA All right, so I didn't really talk about optical But again, we cannot predict them with conventional methods of analysis Which do not look at the molecular level detail of the chemical composition So we're really These molecular. Yeah, these molecular level analyses are going to require new innovative Instrumentation we still our goal was to do this on a single particle basis. We have not achieved that goal I hope someday we do or someone else does Because that's critical But this molecular level understanding is required in order to adequately adequately model these systems And as I say this is going to require some really innovative technology to achieve Likely not during my professional career, but we'll give it a shot and This is one of my favorite quotes from John Aitken. In fact, they named that smallest mode that I didn't show you after him Where it says we have in this fine dust a most beautiful illustration of how the little things in the world can work great Effects simply by the virtue of their numbers and the key word here is numbers Because this accumulation mode has lots and lots and lots of particles very little mass Therefore it's not regulated. It's difficult to study So of course I have to thank my group. This was a sunny day in Vermont Now these folks are all gone. That's my son who's going to come to UVM next year and These are the rest of the group members So shosh as I mentioned did a lot of the work on the GLVs Rebecca also who just finished she's off to Purdue to pursue a postdoc flying in airplanes making measurements and So on so she's really excited about that And of course I have to thank the funding agencies We do get some funding from NASA But the bulk of our funding is in fact from the National Science Foundation and EPSCOR has helped out tremendously So with that I'm happy to take any questions


channel for physics. Please subscribe my channel. Hello and welcome back to another episode of physics partner. Today I am going to discuss with you about the micrometer is also called screw gauge and some people's pronouns screw gauge. So the micrometer screw gauge is actually a device which is used to major the diameter of very small objects like a sphere or even a wire. It is used in industries to major. Nowadays there are more advanced micrometers are available which are digital and this micrometer is also used in education purpose also. It's a part of a physics curriculum. That's why we are going to study this today. So let's explore more about micrometers. So micrometer has two scales. One is called main scale. You can see over there this 0 5 10. This scale is considered as main scale whereas another scale is there which is called a circular scale. Right now you can see all readings are 0. So there is a purple blue and red readings. So let us understand how can we use the micrometer to major some radius. Okay let's explore more about micrometer. So if I start opening the micrometer you can see that some readings are going to be changed. So let us explain something about these readings. So there are three types of reading you can see here. Number one is a purple one which is main scale reading. It's very simple count one two three four and five. So the main scale reading on this micrometer is five whereas the circular reading you can see here is 0.21 because it is in millimeters so I'm taking as 0.21. Now let's see here also why it is 0.5 the blue color. Actually it is in between the next line. You can see after 5 and 6 it is in between. If I increase more little so for example I'm going to increase a little and now it's 6. So when it's completely 6 you can see there is no more blue reading is here. It means it is exactly on a main scale point either is 6 or 5. So if it is in between 5 and 6 it becomes 0.5 like before. So here it is now 0.37 0.5 and 5. So we have to note down three readings main scale reading circular scale reading and the and the subdivision. We have to add them and we can get the final answer. So right now what is opening is 5.87 millimeter. So that is the reading of this micrometer. Let's more understand about it. The circular scale when it's take a complete rotation it is it is called a pitch. Pitch means it's make a complete one revolution one complete round as considered as pitch. The least count of this device is 0.01 millimeter. What do you mean by least count? Least count means minimum it can measure 0.01 millimeter which is a very very small measurement. So that is called a least count. To understand least count let's take an example of a clock. In the clock you can minimum measure one second. So the least count of the clock will be one second. So let us take a metal nut and try to measure it. There are so many sizes available. Let's try one by one and see the readings. So if I select this one the reading is showing it's 2.87 millimeter. You can see again you can little explore it. You see the second line which is the purple one is the second major line on main scale and 0.37 wife 35 36 37 as I told you it's millimeter 0.37 is the circular reading and because the blue line is not exactly on it. So it is a 0.5. Let's try the next one. Next one will give exactly line here as exactly five. So it is five and 0.46. Similarly try more. You can see here so and so on. It is usually used in industries but not only industries it is also used for educational purpose. So it has also included in so many international curriculum. Let's see where we are using micrometer in our daily life. So micrometer is used in industries for measuring different kind of instruments which are very small especially the diameters you can take and you can find the radiance by calculation. It is used in laboratories for a small measurement. It is also used in schools for educational purposes. So that's a small video. I hope you enjoyed the video. It's very simple. Micrometer is also called a screw gauge is a device which is used to measure the diameter of small parts and usually it is used in industries. So thank you very much for your listening. Take care of yourself. See you in the next video. Goodbye.


What's going on everybody Chris from jassescasebreaks.com doing another case of 2022 tops five star baseball eight box This is case break PYT number 28. It's been a hot. It's been sound. Let's keep it going. It's always a fun one to do I've got 29 on the website right now as well with teams already being taken That's our fresh case right here. Here's our sheet Jason with the d-backs also got the last spot mojo With the nationals that little twos team combo at the end. Thanks again, Jason. It's gonna everyone got this break sold out Let's rock with one more five-star Let's do it man Jamming this thing. So I got a few more in here Gonna grab them by hand very silly With the paper We'll just shut it off real quick. Obviously one two three four one two three four eight boxes in our case Let's do it. Thanks again. Good luck Attention first box in good luck everyone Starting off with a green rookie one out of 15 gonna be zax for for the Detroit Tigers going to Ryan. I mean This is I I yeah Sam like they they may in this game has like some pretty heavy playoff implication But that does not matter.  No one has any Any motivation to keep going and that's they're not false for it five-star base auto of For the Seattle Mariners little Julio J rod Julio rod Riga's auto redemption going to Michael with the Seattle Mariners Nice one, man J rod base auto redemption heading their way congrats for sure man. Take it easy I'll see you tomorrow. Yeah All right, just a great rookie autumn for the Washington Nationals chasing K with that last spot mojo Maybe they should call admit that's what might be what the coaches and referees are talking about For the Cincinnati Reds nine out of ten some gold Barry Larkin Hall of Famer former MVP Cincinnati Reds Ed Riesma nice little number Barry Larkin there Aaron Ashby Milwaukee Brewers going to go to Mark Silver signatures for the Hawk Andre Dawson 14 out of 40 Montreal Expos now the Nationals That's one more go into Jason K Other Hall of Famer here Silver signatures looks like a small maybe a pan tamers coming up First up rookie auto chest McCormick Houston Astros going to Ed Good luck everyone and Tamar's penmanship For the Arizona Diamondbacks three of three of the big unit Randy Johnson Arizona Diamondbacks Randy Johnson That's one of the last spot mojo dual spots go into Jason K. That's very nice three of three Randy Top right corner pitching very very nice All right first half done start off with box five Another one for the D-backs 20 out of 50 Stewart Fairchild in the purple rookie autumn going to Jason There it is. Yeah Game temporary suspended Tomorrow Hamlin Went down about 23 minutes ago Game completely stopped had to be taken off with an ambulance every player on the field on a knee So nothing for the best for him a speedy recovery. Hopefully 58 at 75 Joe Ryan Minnesota Twins That's gonna go to Ed 64 out of 75 Matt Manning rookie auto for the Detroit Tigers one more going to Ryan For the Chicago White Sox he will he minutes One more going to Ed. I mean in a situation like that. It's it's it's very clear that no player Has anything in them to keep going after saying something like that, so Obviously emotional obviously very shaken up a lot of players coaches even you know officials. They may have made the right call All right last two boxes here First up Jackson Reitz Rookie auto for the Milwaukee Brewers one more firm mark. You can go see the camera Flash flash we go dark for a little bit. So I'm sure it's good for Video next up little gold. Good luck on his on a golden. It is gold on gold seven out of ten Jeff Bagwell And the old school Houston Astros those navy blue unis One more for the Astros and Ed heard of the the bees Aguaizio Berkman and our last box. Thanks again y'all for getting this filled out number 29 on the site right now and That may be our last we'll see how we How we sell this out how quickly we do it because we can put 30 up on the site after as well But here we go first up.  It's a long boy here. Good luck for the Texas Rangers 12 out of funny one more on the five-star signatures This time going to Adrian Beltray, Texas Rays Texas Rays Texas Rangers. Excuse me going to John Five-star signatures Adrian Beltray 12 of 20. All right another nice case Few Hall of Famers some soon-to-be as well PYT number 29 of five-star on the site right now at jasses case breaks calm Thanks again. Bye. Bye


We're here mm-hmm ladies and gentlemen Silent Mike We're back. I don't know what the title says You guys probably clicked on it thinking like man Maybe Mike has a really cool announcement or man. Maybe Mike's click baiting me neither are true or both are true No, one's true. I have a big announcement and we're not click baiting you. We're going back to my roots I don't even know how to do this. So I had an idea. We talked about on the podcast. We'll check out 50% facts I'm gonna blown up and I've had an idea forever And I think everyone does the number one invention or innovation driver is finding an issue or finding something that doesn't fit you And then solving it I Never necessarily felt this is no not to any singular person. I never felt that I was part But that I belonged in the strength game I felt very much part of basketball culture growing up even the video game culture now that we play on a Twitch Podcast culture and many of the youtubers the omars. I have a really good friends that I met through fitness But the strength game when I walked or saw other people do it Isn't what I do or felt that makes sense I never lifted weights as a way to get out all my anger. So I don't hurt somebody now I'm just rambling Connor. I'll cut this up. Don't worry kids 2011 I'm trying to find a place to improve my knowledge as a coach And as a lifter and strength conditioning and powerlifting I Ended up in this facility right here in Sacramento, California, which was at the time called the Midtown strength There was a corner of it a portion of it leased out by super training. That's where I met Jim McDee, Mark Bell, everybody else Fast forward a year later. They feature me on the YouTube a little bit I start to get a little bit of recognition on the internet as Creating content and we start a podcast me and Jim McDee Jim McDee comes to me and literally says hey, I have an idea for a podcast Would you like to be a third talk with a third co-host? 23 years old So bro, this is years 2012 never heard a podcast in my life Jim sounds fun. I'm down I lifted many a weight in this building. I learned a lot of good. I've learned a lot of bad Came across a lot of different people from folks that work into the Capitol To recovering drug addicts about a year ago two years ago. I'm talking with Jim and I'm wondering man I don't I now live in downtown Sacramento. I have nowhere to train Nowhere near me fits my needs as just a plain barbell athlete, let alone who I think I am as a human We began looking for locations fast forward six months later I'm getting my phones blown up from multiple people And they said hey the old Midtown buildings empty Go open a gym. We're opening a gym


There is a terrible slander being perpetrated against liberalism and democracy. And not by you, not by you, but by many people. And the slander is that liberalism and democracy is essentially shallow and procedural and legalistic and soulless, and soulless in some way. I deny this completely based on my understanding of liberal thinking and of my experience in a liberal society. I regard liberal democracy as one of the supreme achievements of the human spirit and nothing less than that. At that level, liberal democracy is not procedural. It comes with a portrait of the human being, of the person, which is a portrait that includes the person's nobility and dignity and rights and most important of all, the person's complexity. Liberalism is the worldview that recognizes that we live in many realms, that we are compound beings, that we are animals and angels, both. And that we cannot be, our identity cannot be reduced, cannot be reduced to any one of those realms. So I am a religious man, but I am a liberal. I study metaphysics. I've studied metaphysics my whole life, but I am a liberal. I believe that the soul exists, but I am a liberal. I do not believe that science can account for everything in human life, but I am a liberal. And I do not believe that everything I need to know about my life and nature can be seen with the human eye. When you were still involved with what is called national bolshevism, you claimed that it is a worldview that is built on the total and radical negation of the individual and his centrality. So then again, what's your problem with the individual? So first of all, if we, for example, we are working, we are dealing with liberty and the Western understanding of what is freedom, what is individual, what is man, what is right, what is subject of freedom. If we change a little bit the context, for example, if we're coming for Russia, and we have one special Russian word that is called swaboda. Swaboda, that is freedom in Russia. But what does it mean? It means identity. So to be identical to itself, it's something completely, to be close. It is we group swaboda. It is not a Western understanding of the essence of the freedom. So if we change the context of one civilization, Western civilization to the other, we immediately discover the shift of meaning of the basic values, of basic names. For example, for us, man doesn't represent individual. Why we are against individualism? Because individual is the path and the whole for us is the people. That is holistic attitude of Russian tradition. For example, for us, the people, it's much more important than individual. Individual is not the man. So we have different anthropology, holistic anthropology that explains our tsarist orthodox experience as well as communists. But in the first place, it will be interesting to know that in Western political philosophy, we have holistic conceptions of the group. We have communitarian conceptions of the group. We have anti-liberal notions of the community and the society. But secondly, who cares? Nothing is right because it's, nothing is wrong because it's Western and nothing is right because it's Russian. Who cares where it comes from? The question is whether the concept that you're presenting can be philosophically justified and shown to be politically fair. That it has some justice attached to it. I mean, I can give you Hebrew words for freedom. That mean entirely different things. Who cares? The important question is whether or not we agree that human beings are and should be free and what should be the relationship of free individuals to the group and what should be the relationship of political power to the relation between the individual and the group? And you propose something universal. No, no, no. Would you acknowledge that there is something universal? No, there is nothing universal. And my vision and my opinion, there is nothing universal. All depends on the historical context, on the society, on civilization. I don't believe in unique civilization. I believe in many civilizations. But you name the Western civilization and liberalism in the West as the only... No, one of these civilizations, there could be Islamic civilization with completely different understanding of the freedom, of the human, of the individual, of the right, of the death and life, as well as Russian civilization, Chinese civilization. And the problem is now the West is experiencing problem with this universalism because there are five empires who knew understanding with what is the man, what is the right, what is the freedom. I do not subscribe to that paradigm that was presented this morning about the five evil empire. I also think that the malice that is arising that is affecting enlightenment and freedom is actually also breeding deeply in Europe and we must acknowledge that, that the biggest threat to the Enlightenment project is the right wing and the rise of fascism within Europe itself and in America and the notion of populists as well, the rise of populism. So let's not use that five evil empire as an example to try to justify something that I think there is a sort of a basic concept of an understanding as a human being, whatever geography may be, that I know when I am free to think when I am free to express the thought and when I am free to move about. And if you're trying to tell me that that is subject to geography and subject to a certain historical boundaries, then I have a big problem with that. Yes, but I'm a follower of Franz Boas and cultural anthropology that affirms that any society archaic or civilized has its own system and set of values and they are incomparable. There is nothing universal. But that's a very narrow definition. My friend, people are not plants. People have roots, but they are not only roots. They also have branches. And the branches grow very far from the roots. And one of the essential... But the roots grows as well. The roots, the roots can grow. I'm not interfering with the roots. I have spent my life deep in the study of my own tradition. I have no objection to roots. But there is such a thing as hyper-rassination. There is such a thing as too many roots and not enough branches. And one of the things we see about the human soul and if we see it anywhere, I might add, it's in Russian literature and in Russian poetry, is that the soul is mobile. The soul moves. The soul is opportunistic spiritually as it should be, it needs to be. It finds its nourishment wherever it is. This cult of origins and roots is an insult to the potentiality of the soul. Moreover, it is possible, it is possible to acquire, to feel love and loyalty for something that is not something that one has inherited. I'll give you an example I just read. I just read a very moving thing. You will recall that in Vietnam last week, our president, my president, for which I apologize to all of you, my president, my presidents told in Da Nang, he turned to the people at the G20 or whatever G it was and said, you should love home. He quoted the Wizard of Oz, right?  The same week he said that, a book appeared in the United States by a remarkable man called Kaiser Khan. Kaiser Khan is the Pakistani American who at the Democratic Convention pulled the constitution out of his pocket and at the end of this book, I read a sentence that stuck with me for this reason. It goes to what we're saying. He said, I am not an American patriot because I was born here. I am an American patriot because I was not born here. And he went on to explain that the characteristics of American life that make him patriotic, freedom, liberty, you pick anyone you want, were not the case in Pakistan, the country of his youth. And so what he managed to do was travel from one particularism to another and to base his patriotism on universal principles, on universal principles, because otherwise we would all be trapped within these bubbles of ours and we could not have a coherent conversation. The arguments that have just been made were made, I think, for the first time by Abraham Lincoln. We all vote for liberty, but by the same word, we don't mean the same thing.  And they come up with two headings, positive liberty, freedom to lead a prescribed form of life and negative freedom that I'm free to the degree to which no individual or group interferes with my liberty. So, and it seems to me that a lot of this distinction between positive and negative liberty is really at the core of what we're talking about, particularly what you have just been saying. It's negative because it opens the room, the space for everybody to make up his own mind about what they want to do, which way they want to go. And that's why people who do not believe the same values as we mostly believe in liberal democracies are perfectly free to exercise their own beliefs in even in our democracy, which is not the case the other way around. You could even go further. Let's say two or three kind words about liberty from. Liberty from religious persecution, I'm for it. Liberty from censorship, I'm for it. Liberty from compelled religious observance, I'm for it. Liberty from racial prejudice, I'm for it. There are all kinds. Liberty from is the beginning of liberty for and freedom is only the beginning of the story of human liberation. It's not the end. There are many, many things that can be done with freedom and many bad things can be done with freedom, including I'm sure some of the things you do every time you write a book. Just kidding. This is it. So, liberty from it has very concrete definition. Liberty from collective identity. All the history of liberalism is liberation from collective identity. That was from church, from religious identity, national identity, gender identity. It's now and tomorrow. But then why would you identify collective identity with coercion? I tell you that it's emancipation from coercion and that coercion is not the same thing as collective identity. God forbid, it should be the same thing as collective identity and that it's a very repressive and authoritarian conception of collective identity to insist that in order for collective identity to be authentic and uninterfered with, you cannot be in any way emancipated from. But emancipation from coercion of humankind is the last point of liberation. And now we are going the last step of this liberalism, liberation, going from having and sharing identity, human identity, with the next step will be the mission on cyborg. And that is cyborg, because we have lost all the links with collective identity, including in the gender, and the optional, gender optional, religion optional, nation optional, society optional, motherland optional. And after that, the last step, and that is the most serious challenge of liberalism, I think, that we experience now, the last step will be human optional. So you could be human, but you could choose not to be human because human is coercion. So humankind is a kind of collective identity, this obliged. So that is transhumanism that is instead, for example, now gender politics after that robot politics, because the robots are individuals and they should be as well recognized in their rights. This is dialectical unmaterialism.


Live from Boston, Massachusetts, it's theCUBE, covering Red Hat Summit 2019, brought to you by Red Hat. And we are back live in Boston as we continue our coverage here on theCUBE of Red Hat Summit 2019. It is our sixth year here at the show and this year obviously some huge announcements, significant moment, it's been for Red Hat. We heard from Jim Whitehurst a little bit ago. Stu Minimum, John Walls were now joined as well by Nile Fitzgerald, who is the GM of IT application architecture and design at Spark in Z. Nile, good afternoon, I guess good morning still, we're in the Eastern time zone. Yeah, I think it's the middle of the night in New Zealand. Yeah, so Spark in Z, New Zealand. Tell us a little bit first off about Spark in Z, what the folks back home are doing right now, work-wise, and your role with the company. Yeah, so Spark is the largest provider of telecom communication services in New Zealand. All the traditional type of services you'd expect, mobile broadband, et cetera. We came out of the traditional kind of post office, so we have a lot of heritage and in about four years ago, we rebranded from telecom New Zealand into Spark to represent that we were changing from being a telco into more much broader range of digital services. So our purpose is to help all New Zealanders win big in the digital world. Nile, step back for a second, talk to our audience that might not know the telcom industry as well as you. I've been an observer and participated in the industry, but back in the dot com boom, it was like limitless bandwidth and we're going to do all these wonderful things and cloud and digitization and put some new opportunities, as well as stresses and strains on your industry. So what's going on and you said you rebranded? Yeah, look it's been, I think it's well known, it's been a tough last few years for most telcos in the world. I was listening to Red Hat talking yesterday about 60 consecutive quarters or more of growth. I don't think there's any telco in the world that probably has the same story. Like most, we're facing kind of decline in all the traditional revenues like voice and text and things like that. So we're all having to kind of rebrand ourselves and deliver much higher levels of customer service. People expect the same levels of service from us that they do from Amazon and Google and everyone else. So in Spark, what that means to us is we've moved into lots of new things. As you say, things like ICT, we're now very big in cloud. We've recently launched a Spark Sports brand and we've got streaming rights to key events like Formula One. We're going to stream the Rugby World Cup, which is a massive event for New Zealanders. So looking forward to seeing that in Ireland and the All Blacks in the final in September this year. So yeah, a lot going on. Tough times, but forcing us to keep changing every year. So about these changes that you're making, whether you know, technologically based, let's just deal with that. What is that ultimately going to do for you think in terms of better customer service delivery? So you've got inherent challenges, you've talked about them at all, that the world's changing, right? How we use this medium, this communication opportunity is changing and you've been, not you, but you're just a little behind the wave. Hard to keep up with it, right? So rapidly changing. How much of a challenge is that? And then how are you going to address this going forward? How do you stay relevant? Yeah, I think we're lucky in one regard because if I look back about five, seven years ago, we were like most traditional telcos. We had a spaghetti for want of a better description of systems and then we had always multiples of everything. At the time we had 19 integration layers and 10 billing systems and it wasn't uncommon. But way back in 2012, we actually embarked on a massive transformation program and we spent five years consolidating all of that infrastructure. So going into about 2017, we were very lucky that we had a massive foundation laid already. So what that then enabled us to do was to actually push away calls from our contact centers, into mobile apps, into digital adoption. We've been a big embracer of things like big data and robotic process automation as well to try and take cost out of our industry. So I think we're quite well placed. Now that allows us to do things like innovate and new products for our customers. So we bundled things like Spotify and Netflix. It allows us to introduce things like Spark sort of brand which we couldn't have done five years ago before the transformation. We just wouldn't have been able to enable these things with our existing kind of legacy IT estate. So how's open source playing to all this for you? Yeah, open source. I suppose our first foray into open source was when we went to start embracing big data and automation. So we started using things like Hadoop and various other things. And our entire platform is based around open source. We changed to an IMS network recently and we started embracing things like OpenStack. And then it really took us to a new level recently when we started working on Red Hat's Fuse and OpenShift, we started implementing that. Okay, so at the OpenStack show for many years, the last few years we saw the telcos coming in for specifically for network function for translation or NFV, is that what you're using in that space? Yeah, we are. Interestingly, at this conference, I've heard a lot of people talk about OpenShift and OpenStack, obviously, particularly in the telco game. We actually came out a bit differently from the application space. So we had an integration platform that we had put in through this transformation phase which had served us well and was connecting all of our 40, 50 systems together. But it was coming up to a life cycle event and we decided we'd look externally and see had we options beyond just upgrading it. So we started looking around and we effectively found Fuse and in bringing in Fuse, we then brought OpenShift in which is quite different to what I've seen from a number of other people. They're bringing in things like OpenShift and building on top of it. We did it the other way around, you know? And we did it primarily for cost reasons, you know? So talk a little bit about that impact of Fuse and OpenShift, what that means. Were you already down the containerization journey or did that help drive some of that modernization? That's exactly what happened. If I'm honest, we hadn't really explored containerization too much because we had come to the end of our kind of transformation journey. Open source and containerization wasn't around when we went through that. So we kind of needed some really core reasons to move on. So, yeah, effectively what happened was we looked at Fuse. It, as I say, primarily for cost. But we were looking for something that we could migrate to where it makes sense. We were looking for something that wasn't a massive lift for the people who worked in our integration already. So they could be reskilled into it. And interestingly, we turned Agile recently which has changed the way we look at and the needs of our systems. So our old integration platform, if we needed to deploy a change, we had to take an outage, which was fine when we had a centralized IT department who deployed once a month and took a two hour outage. But when you have 20 tribes, all developing features in isolation, and they want to go straight through to production. If everybody took an outage, then our systems wouldn't really be up very often. So one of the key things that we were looking at for our new integration platform was, can we deploy hot and can we scale? So that's basically where Fuse came into it. Okay, so can you? We can, and we do. Still a little bit nervous about pressing the button but being simultaneously, this is really good work, right? We saw it today though, on the demo stage, right? On the keynote, we saw simultaneous operations. Now we do it, and they normally don't tell me when they're doing it, they just do it and tell me it worked afterwards. But no, it's actually been really successful and we've, you know, you can imagine connecting 40 or 50 systems together. This is effectively the equivalent of about 2,000 APIs and we managed to migrate for about 70% of the way through but we managed to migrate those without actually impacting the systems that used them. And that's probably been one of our most successful IT projects that I've seen. Yeah, well it's funny, you talked about, you said we were towards the end of our transformation journey and of course, I think we all understand, it is just, I might have reached a marker in my journey but it needs to be a continuous process and you went through an agile transformation. So bring us in a little bit organizationally, what happened there?  Yeah, so about start of last year, we started to think about agile and the need to change our ways of working. We looked at a number of models overseas in companies like Spotify and various banks and we settled on a model of chapter and tribes and we took about six months actually in looking at what that meant for us as an organization and all of the things that we needed to change. Everything from people's contracts, you know, to people's titles, we got rid of all complex titles and moved down to simple things like developer tester, et cetera. We had to train our people in agile so we ran boot camps for over 2,000 people. We had one with 500 people attend. Get to review all of our processes and see how would, where we had centralized things like IT governance or procurement, how do you actually manage this when you have up to 20 different people effectively or tribes doing their own development? So over a period of about six months, we went through all of these. We started with a concept of some four runner tribes so we could figure out how this thing actually works, you know, and get some lessons. And then on the first of July last year, about 2,000 people in various buildings packed up their stuff on their desk and moved into a new world into their tribes with different working spaces and different collaboration areas and all the tools that we need. So yeah, we're about nine months down that journey now and yeah, it's been good. How many total employees? We have about 5,000 and 12,000. 5,000, so you had 500 at one time, 10% of your workforce in training at one time. That's right, yeah, absolutely. How do you keep the wheels on the bus rolling? Because I mean, you're asking people not only to change their, you know, learn new skills but learn them in a new environment and learn them literally in a new place. I mean, that's just massive change and I think for just more human beings or creatures that have it to a certain extent, that's got it. You had to hit a lot of bumps along the way. So one of the key things we did up front was we said the operate part of our business which is effectively things like our contact center, our sales staff, our service desks, we will not go agile with those on the first day because they operate in a slightly different way of working, the people in our stores, et cetera. So we had a concept of agile light and agile heavy so we kind of parked them for a minute so that we are at the time so that we wouldn't do exactly what you say and let the wheels fall off the trolley and we took to people that were the IT developers, the product development staff and all of that which came to just over about 2,000 people and we firstly flipped those 2,000 people and put those through bootcamp but even as you say, scheduling the bootcamps, we made sure that we always had the right people on the ground and we would schedule smaller bootcamps for them later if we needed to do it, but yeah. So nine months in now, you're talking to your peers if they're going to go through any key learnings, what were some of the most challenging things that you ran into? I think probably the major one is that agile at its heart is a way of working and despite the name, it's actually quite prescriptive in how you should work, you know? When you pick up the agile book, it tells you all the ceremonies you need to run and the processes that you need to run as well and I think what you need to be pragmatic in how you implement it because there are so many different flavors of agile, the one flavor even with an organization of Spark size, it doesn't work, you know? So the people, the tribes and squads that are building out new products compared to the tribes that are doing things like upgrading systems, they will work in different ways. So I think the first thing is be pragmatic, take the goodness and the intent of agile but implement it in how it works for you and do some other practical considerations like we had prior to being agile we had quite a large number of our technology partners were based offshore in India and it's quite difficult to run a 10 a.m. stand up in New Zealand setting the priorities for the day and the sprint plans when four members of your team are asleep in India, you know? They're missing out on all of that, the goodness and the co-location and the sharing so one of the things we had anticipated luckily enough so we had moved a lot of those people on shore in advance of agile, you know? But it is a big cultural change for everyone in the organization not least the leadership teams as well, you know? Well, you got through it. We got there. You've managed, right? There's no going back yet. Absolutely, no, you're in the deep end now. Well, now thanks for being with us. We appreciate the time here to join us here on theCUBE and I think that an Irishman is always welcomed in Boston. Thank you very much. We've been enjoying the hospitality. I'll bet you have. The door's always open for you. Thank you very much. Now, Fitzgerald joining us from Spark NZ. Back with more here on theCUBE. You're watching this live at the Red Hat Summit 2019.


Well I just don't give up you know most people do but I just I don't know what give up means you know so I'm just going to keep doing it so that the thing about me is I'll try different things I won't keep doing the same thing over and over again that's not working if something's not working I'll try something else and try something else until I figure out what works and then I go all in well there's always an opportunity um and that and that's what people people have scarcity mine says they think that when the market crashes it all goes away and the end that it's done and it's not going to be I mean there's there's actually really smart people out there that think this way you know when they're thinking you know they're saying you know real estate might not be great all the time well no yes it is it's really simple stuff man if you're gonna sit around and talk about it yeah you're done it's crazy how positive losing a deal is and people see it so negative and it gets them down and they start they just think about it day and night and it really hurts them when they can spend that same energy and this new knowledge they just got from losing that deal and go get five more deals it's crazy how like abundance business is like these are the principles I wish somebody would have would have told me when I first started I'd be way further along so think of how to leave anything with you guys it would be just focus figure out what you love go after it and just believe before we get started today I just want to say this is probably the most excited I've ever been for a podcast and I'm about to tell you guys why we have got a guy in the studio with us today guys that is the real deal like I've said before Scott is never at energy level he is until we have an in-person guest when it when I am a freaking tornado when we have somebody in studio and especially somebody like this I am sitting in the studio at deep fried studios right now I've got my producer in here with a sound board and I've got a videographer in here that is recording all of this right now with a gentleman that's with us today I have I have the honor and I am humbled to have the honor to have the number one freaking ranks remax agent in the state of alabama in real estate sitting in this studio with me right now he's got 17 000 followers on instagram he is married to the beautiful carlin karoo he lives in orange beach alabama and his videographer blake who goes by the aka name of lux lux shout out brother and is it all the fan warrior ladies and gentlemen please welcome the other incomparable mr ricky karoo