Hello my friend and friends. Sometimes I share some CSS solutions that get people upset at me. Basically it happens when I show a new way of doing something and people say something along the lines of why are you doing something that's less readable to solve a problem that we already have a solution to. So today I'm going to look at some better solutions to common patterns that we have or just sort of why I like sometimes something that people consider less readable and we're going to look at three different things along the way including one that people really don't like and got really mad at me for and I'm going to explain why I personally think the ones that are less readable are potentially better solutions than the original alternatives that we had and I have a feeling I might have a little rant in me as we go through some of these as well so let's jump into the code and we'll see what I'm talking about here and the first one here is actually the first thing that people got kind of upset at me for which was when I talked about how we can do this new type of wrapper which is you know doing or it's not even a new type of wrapper but it's just you know we have the wrapper the traditional way which is when you do a max width on something margin inline auto which you know maybe the margin zero auto is even the more traditional way of doing it and then we have padding on the sides and that's this one at the top here and it sets a max width so if the screen gets too big I'm going to zoom back out a little bit here just you're right so like it's holding my content and when we hit a certain point it stops growing and the padding on the sides is there so we have that space and it never touches the edge of the page because that would be terrible cool it works it's fantastic it's a very common pattern often you know called containers I've stopped calling them containers just because we have container queries now and you might want a container utility class or something to say this is a container for a container query so I've gone to calling them wrappers which is another name that still people are familiar with and what I what I proposed is doing it this way instead which is kind of weird right it looks very different and so why would I choose this over this one when people are familiar with this it's one extra line of code and it does the same thing in this version of it we're saying that we're choosing a width that's either one one six zero which is what our max width was set here or 100 minus four rem and this is you know the four rem is kind of funky I will agree just because here I have my padding of two and I'll explain it in a second but I actually think that this is a better solution and that's one of the reasons I'd want to actually use this version over this version and the reason for that is let's come and I created these little visualizations that we can do on this along the way so I've just added background colors to them because I want to compare the difference between the two and especially if we're at these smaller screen sizes they effectively look like they're doing the same thing right if I have these visualizations off they're identical they're keeping the space of two rem on the two sides with sort of that fake padding or the padding on one in the fake padding setting I have on the other one and we can see here when I put the visualization on this one actually has the padding because you can see it's there whereas this one doesn't it's it's empty space on the sides because it's being set with a max width sort of on it but where things are different especially and where you start noticing differences when we hit that max width and notice how the one on the bottom is actually wider than the one on the top and that's because basically every project you're ever going to do is going to have this on it right this is the staple it's on everything these days it's very rare that you don't and because we're using box sizing border box on basically every project we're ever going to do that also means that when we're doing that that my max width that you probably got from a figma file or something else along the way you're matching the design that you had you're taking the width from there but then you're actually getting a little bit narrower than it originally was because you're adding padding to the left and the right side of it and so it's not like this huge difference it's not going to be this big game breaker but it does mean now I have to think and yeah okay I could do a calc and I could add that into the width or whatever I need to do to make it match there's ways of doing it for sure but on this version I can just put the value in that I need and it's going to work and I know that it's this is like exactly what I need it to be so that's for me a little bit of a win in this one where things are when here is this everybody knows what it is so it's easier to understand but to me the difference between this and this is a little bit like when arrow functions came out in javascript arrow functions were weird they looked really really different and they're a little bit different and they have their own little things but like did people not use arrow functions just because they weren't familiar with them if you weren't familiar with what an arrow function was and you came across that in a code base you'd have no idea what's going on if you were just used to doing functions in a more traditional way what the hell is that right so the same thing here this is a different way of achieving something that's similar to this and the only reason it looks weird and it's unreadable is because you've never seen it before that's all that's like really the only difference it's coming in and I personally probably wouldn't even write it like this in the code base I have this used in a lot of the code that I do and whenever I do it I have a content max width right 1160 and then I come here and I do var content max width and so like I don't need to know what's really going on and then as far as like this number here you just come in here and you can set that up as a variable too and and this is a variable that I always have trouble with because I've always called I've often called it padding inline or something like that and I'll do two rem and then I'll come and set that up here but it's not really padding and this is where one of the things when I shared this people like it's not the same thing because it's not padding it's your max width is 100 minus four so there's no padding on it like we can see there's no padding on this one which is the good thing about it I don't want padding on there if I don't need to have padding on there I think that's another win for this pattern so maybe you know I've come up with different names for this but for today I'm going to leave it there if you have a better name suggested in the comments down below but then all I have to do is come here and do and my var padding inline and then I have to do a divide by two and because order of operations should keep it proper but I'm going to do it like that where it's just to be explicit and like 100% now I've just went and created this really like sort of complicated line of CSS that when you first come across it you go I don't really get it but is it really a complicated line of CSS because if I wanted to use this new wrapper and I came across this first of all it's going to be documented somewhere probably in the code base going like you know this is to hold my content whatever you'll have hopefully have a good thing I'm going to see this and I'm going to know what it does and I'm going to know how I can change it so like from a readability perspective maybe it's a little bit more complicated if I want to get into this code and start reading it and understanding what's happening there but from a maintenance perspective is it harder I don't think so I think in a sense maybe it's easier because I'm saying exactly what I want these two things to be I don't have to worry about someone understanding like you know again this is pretty straightforward I guess as well but this is setting my max width this is setting my inline who cares what's going on here people are going to say oh it's harder to maintain because it's less readable no it isn't because you're not going to come in here and you're not going to change what this is doing this is just doing this one job it's doing it really well and the only things that matter are these two lines right here the rest of it could be absolutely anything you could have a hundred lines as long as this is what the person cares about when they use it and if they need to make a change to it then that's fine and it's perfectly maintainable and just because it looks different doesn't mean that it's bad right it's an unfamiliar unfamiliar doesn't mean bad and another example we're going to get into on this front is this sidebar switcher thing that I'm going to look at here and let's go so just really fast I've set this up so and I've put some sizing down here at the bottom and I'm going to get my face out of the way for this one so we can see everything that's going on so here I've set it up I have my main with sidebar I've set up a breakpoint so if I come and I shrink this down this parent width when it hits that 750 pixels we're going to hit I should not highlight that one maybe I'll highlight these two but when this one here hits 750 roughly you can see that it breaks and it goes like that how I've done this there's no media queries involved there's nothing else involved this idea comes from every layout by Hayden Pickering and Andy Bell I'll link to it down below and it's kind of hacky way of using Flexbox it looks super weird right what I'm doing here is not something you'd normally come across and this is hard to understand 100% but it works and so what's the problem with it because if I want to use this in a website I'm going to have a main with sidebar the main area is going to be on the left the sidebar is on the right you could always have a modifier class or something that allow you to switch them or whatever you want and and how you'd set that up but the main thing is it works and all I care about is this breakpoint it doesn't matter how much complicated stuff is going on somewhere else because if I need to maintain this I want to change potentially my breakpoint or potentially my gap and there's probably nothing else that would ever have to get changed here if you needed something that's all of a sudden three columns you're making a new component anyway you're not coming in and modifying the main plus sidebar you're doing something different so how this is working if it's working well then who cares and you might be saying well Kevin this you could do with container queries now which 100% you could and you could probably argue here it is that this is more readable I do a display of flex and then I have when my width on the container is more than 750 I'm going to break and change the flex direction and in this case I have set my wrapper up to be my container type inline size so that's going to be the thing and once again if you look at the parent width on this one when it hits that 750 we're going to get to the point right around there when it's going to break so it works exactly the same way so first of all my other one has perfect browser support as long as flexbox is supported that other one will work whereas this is container queries though container queries are now at over 90% support so maybe you have a good argument for going this way and people will come across this and it's maybe a little bit easier to understand what I actually think is this one's more maintainable because I have one class and everything is controlled here we can't use custom properties inside of these types of things so like if ever I had I might want to use this somewhere else where I actually need to change this value I don't have to come in with a new container query I can just update you know main with sidebar narrow or wide or in a different thing or whatever it is or I use javascript or an inline style and I could just change my breakpoint so I actually think this is more usable even if it's harder to go into the code and read it I think it's more usable and more maintainable than this one is just because of this separation and just basically you know having to have this but there's also this other advantage to it which is when I come over to here this is a second version of it where what I've done is instead of the breakpoint being based on the parent's width the breakpoint is now based on the mains minimum size so it's completely based on this so if you look here the main min width or the main width on that one so that is going to break when that one hits 750 so it's happening right there it's not happening based on the parent size it's 100% based on the container inside which is something you cannot do with container queries and it's a little bit complicated on how we do it the math is kind of weird and we're using this flexbox thing we're pushing it to the limits a little bit but that's fine because again I'm not going to have to come in here and make any changes to this the only things I care about are these three values and the gap is important in this one just because it comes into the math on when things are happening it would it wouldn't change much if you just had a set gap but I sort of I use the gap value in here to make sure we're closer to the the actual point of this being the right size and so it is kind of weird to do it and it takes a little bit of thinking to set it up but this version to me is the most useful one because or it depends I guess you might want something that's really depending on the container size and when that's happening but this is really cool that I can be focused on when this is going because that's sort of usually what you want in a layout anyway I want the layout to this part when it's getting too narrow and 750 is actually kind of big in this case but like at one point it's getting too narrow and when it's that thing is too narrow that's when I want it to change and that's when I want it to actually shift and the browser can figure that out for me based on a little bit of complex CSS it's fine if it's a little bit harder to read because I honestly think it's super easy to maintain it's going to be documented what this is doing how your HTML should be set up to use it and then it's just going to work every time and you just change a couple of different inputs and you have full control over what you want to do and actually there's a little bit of a bonus it's not going to be a huge thing but we're actually getting a new thing in CSS the only browser that doesn't currently support it is actually chrome so which I'm in right now but we will eventually be able to stop doing things like this times 9999 the 100 minus these means it's either a positive number or at one point it will switch to being a negative number and the whole idea is it's either a really big number because if we get this as a positive value times this 9999 it's a huge number or it switches over and it becomes a negative number at one point and as soon as it hits a negative number it sort of breaks how things work and that's really what's driving this to work I'm not going to deep dive it now I've talked about it in a previous video and again I'll link to every layout that describes it really well but yeah we're eventually gonna be able to drop this because there is a new math function called sign that's coming which basically whatever the calculation comes it's either going to return a negative one or a positive one which will help us out with these but browser support as I said isn't perfect for it yet but something to look forward to I have one more that as I said that I want to get into which is one that I've talked about a lot and showing and again I get some complaints about it but I just want to ask you and ask you to leave a comment down below if you have any patterns that you'd love or that you use that you think are really good that other people either get upset with for reasons you think they shouldn't or that just people don't appreciate enough or patterns that you think are really cool I want you to share them down below because I love stuff like this and I also you know if you I'm sure the people who disagree with me so far have already let me know so make sure if you do agree with me to also let me know in the comments below so it's not just this one-sided wall of anger directed at me saying I'm wrong but yeah okay so there's that one the next one we can stay on this page I'm just going to comment out the this thing at the bottom because we don't need this for this example but I'm going to keep these color highlighters on here because it's sort of going to illustrate it's not 100 the perfect example for this but what I want to look at is the flow class which is something that looks like this with and this is called the lobotomized owl and this is something that people also don't like because they say it's not readable and I think it was Hayden Pickering actually who introduced this so Hayden's having a bit of an influence on this video and what flow is doing is we're adding a margin top to everything in this case of one ramen we're going to look at ways we can improve on this but the reason people don't like it again is because you come across this and it's unreadable because what the heck is that doing once again it's not unreadable it's that you're not familiar with it or it's it's unfamiliar so you don't know exactly what it's doing which is fine and there's you know people will say well there's other ways of accomplishing this and the reason we'd even want this is because it's very common to do this right margin of zero just to nuke all the margins and then we need to bring spacing back in and one way we can do that is with margins other people say well why don't you just do a gap you know use grid and use a gap or use flex and use a gap and we'll address that in a second as well but let's say I came on my main here and then I can do my class equals flow and then that means we're going to get our spacing that's going to come back into this area so we've reintroduced that spacing that we'd originally taken away the advantage with it is if we don't do it with the flow let's just get rid of both of those you'll notice that there's extra space here at the bottom and we have the extra space here at the top which we don't want right there's the annoying thing with stuff in or with CSS is that the default text elements all have margin top and bottom on them that we don't really want to deal with and what this is doing is it's removing removing all the margins and then we're adding it back to the top of every element except for the first element in something that has it and what people do say is well instead of doing that an alternative that we could do is to do flow and then do not first child first child and these are equivalent to one another they do this selector and this selector are doing the exact same thing they're selecting all of the children in here except for the first child and then we could add our margin top so why is this one better than that one because this one is definitely more readable the problem with this and I've used it because I went you know what maybe people are right let's do something that would be easier to understand what's going on is this introduces some specificity issues and that's just because you know the the knot doesn't count towards specificity but this does and I've actually ran into issues with using this because of the specificity that this comes in with because now we have two class selectors effectively because pseudo selectors like this count as class or they're the same level as a class selector now I could nuke that I could come in here and I could do a where not first child and that would actually remove that specificity again but now I just find we're re-entering into the world of you know is this easy to understand either where not first child I guess you could figure it out it's not the end of the world maybe you prefer that if you want to do that you could you could even I guess come in and just nuke the specificity from it completely by doing something like that especially because the star selector doesn't have any either I just find like we're getting into this realm of like this works it's fine it's really easy to document what it's doing so like if I come across this yeah this looks really weird but hopefully I'm not just randomly finding this somewhere I'm coming across something it's like I use my flow to reintroduce flow spacing with like a quick example of it or something and the reason we want margin top and not margin bottom because people always tell me to do the same thing but with margin bottom and then do like a not last child instead we don't want to do that and for one very specific reason is let's come in here with an h2 just I don't know lower five so we have a little bit of text in there and proper typography doesn't have equal spacing on the top and the bottom of elements you want more space here than you have here and just to exaggerate this a little bit let's say my h2 has a font size of I don't know three rem and I might need an important on that oh no we don't okay so because we're using m here for my margin top this is getting a three rem of spacing on the top of it and it's only has this one here is a one rem spacing on the bottom of it or whatever based on my paragraph font size on the bottom of it so it's reintroducing flow spacing and this is what proper typography does you have more space above headings than you do below them because it's just this idea of proximity and design if you talk to any designer they're going to agree with me and that's the reason we don't want to use and come in here with a rem instead because rem would just get all equal spacing it's just not the proper flow from a design perspective and that's the same reason I wouldn't want to come in and just you know get rid of this let's do it like this and do a display of grid with a gap of one rem or something like that this does solve that problem there are times where I do this I might have a card where I just need equal spacing then this is completely fine but if it's articles or content that has different size of headings and you need a proper flow to what's actually going in there you need a way to sort of reintroduce that original flow that the document had but in a little bit of a better way and you do that through margin top instead of margin bottom jumping back to having it like this it's not a complicated one to have you can even come in here and do it once again with a flow space or flow spacer whatever you want to call it and you can even come in with like a default value so it's just going to work every time you use it but then if you do need to have somewhere that has a different size I could come on this main and I could have a style is equal to and do flow space is 0.25 m or something and make my spacing why didn't that work oh flow spacer there we go make that much smaller or much bigger whatever you need through this through you know modifier classes whatever you want and it brings that in it's weird looking once you understand it it doesn't really matter too much at least that's my own opinion of it and like just just one last thing here also is like people are saying things like this might be a little bit unreadable or you know the other things we are looking at there with the sidebars maybe this is unreadable but then they're going to make like an even column system using display flex and then you know how often do you see where you have a row is display flex and then you have to go and do like a row children and a flex one to get them all to be equal columns like this is something that's pretty much widely accepted is completely fine or maybe even it's just a dot call and they get a flex one so they're all the same size uh why is something like this considered readable and fine when like can someone tell me what this is doing I understand what flex one is doing most people just go well it's making equal columns well that's not obvious if I were to come across this and I didn't know that that's to me just as unreadable as seeing uh you know how I'd set this original part up with some of this weird stuff here flex one why is that making equal columns most people probably don't even know how flex one is actually working they just know that it gets their goal done so you know readability is completely subjective to what you understand what you know about what you're coming across and there's the big difference between readability and maintenance and making something that you can maintain whether or not the code is complicated or not because especially with css the thing is doing one thing one thing only and as long as it can do that job you're not going to be going in and making a whole bunch of changes to that you're going to be tweaking the parameters that that thing is meant to control which is how those custom properties can come in and make things work well and actually speaking of flex one I do bring it up for a reason because if you are curious about how it works I've actually talked about it in a previous video it's probably a lot more weird than you actually expect and if you're curious about that you can find that in the video that is right here and with that I would like to thank my enablers of awesome Andrew Simon Tim and Johnny as well as all my other patrons for their monthly support and of course until next time don't forget to make your corner of the internet just a little bit more awesome


Most of the people that you've nominated are my personal friends somebody is from FMCG somebody is from the media sector To give one name, I think it's going to be very very difficult to three people whom I would like I would see from the list that I remember having seen In different ways, I think they have they have done fabulous for their organization Sanjeev metha, of course H.U.L. has had a great turnover and had a great story this year Sanjay Gupta of Star TV. I think again Star has done fabulous and with the acquisition of IPL and the company that they've evolved I would also give Nadia Chauhan because she's taken a brand which till you know and taken it to a completely new level So these are the three people that would come in my shortlist


All right, another thing I want to show you before we dive into processing here is just what a single sub looks like in each channel and then what it looks like after they're stacked. We'll see this a little bit as we go, but a lot of people just are curious about this up front. So keep in mind, this is just for this particular object, which is the seagull nebula or sometimes called the parrot nebula, IC 2177, but it's still illustrative, I think, of what you can maybe expect out of an object that emits in hydrogen alpha O3 and S2. So the first thing we're going to look at here is an H-alpha single sub. So this is one five-minute exposure with the ZWO ASI 1600 in H-alpha. Now let's look at after it's been stacked. So this is, I think, like 30 sub exposures stacked together. And so you can see there's a single, there's a stack. So a lot comes out in the stack as you increase the signal-to-noise ratio by stacking many together. Here's a single O3 sub, Oxygen 3. You can see there's just barely something there. This is a little bit hard to make out. Here's after we stack, and then it's a lot more evident where that O3 is. Again, I'll show you a single and after the stack. Okay, and then last, here's the S2 signal, so the sulfur. There's a single, oh, sorry, this is a single, got out of order, and there's the stack of the sulfur. All right, with that said, we can move on. All right, now we're going to start processing, and we're going to start with a program called Deep Sky Stacker. It's a free program. You can download it online, just Google Deep Sky Stacker. It is Windows only, but I know some people use something like Wine to get it on Mac or Linux, but I've only used it on Windows. There are alternative stacking programs, like SeqWater, I'm not exactly sure how to say it. There's also something called Open Sky Stacker, so if you are looking for something that isn't Windows only, there are alternatives, or you can try to get it working using Wine. Anyways, it's free, it works pretty well for registration and stacking of your images, if you're doing Deep Sky astrophotography. You basically just follow along here on the left hand side from the top to the bottom, so I'm going to start with Open Picture Files, and this is asking for my light frames. I've already organized everything here, so I have my lights, my flats, my darks, my dark flats. I'm going to go into the lights folder, start with the HA, go ahead and press Control A to select all the files and click Open. And if I scroll down here, you can see it's a bunch of files loaded. If I click Check All, I can see how many. Okay, so I have 32 HA light frames loaded. I've already gone through these and thrown out a few that I knew were bad, but I'll show you how you could do that in Deep Sky Stacker as well. What you can do is click on one, and then use this little histogram slider guy up here in the upper right, doing it pretty badly here, okay, there we go. And you can zoom in, I'm just using my scroll pad here to zoom in, look at the stars, and then you can move through, and it will keep applying that same histogram stretch. So you can get an idea of what each frame looks like to see if there's any that you want to throw out. Okay, anyways, that's the light frames, I'm going to go ahead and add my dark frames here, then add my flats, and finally my dark flats. Okay, so with everything added there, I'm not using bias, I have found with the ASI 1600, I don't like using bias frames, instead I just use these dark flats, which are just like darks, except they are timed so that they are the same exposure length as your flat frames. So I have 32 light frames, 15 darks, 29 flats, 20 dark flats. Seems okay. As long as everything's in the double digits, it will probably work pretty well. But since we are doing a complete narrow band image with not just the HA, but also the S2 and the 03, I'm going to load those but into different tabs down here. One thing that's not entirely intuitive, but it makes sense once you get used to it, is that down here it says main group. And if we were just doing like a DSLR stack in Deep Sky Stacker, this is all we would have to worry about. But since we are shooting mono and we want to separate out by filter, we are going to use this group 1 to add the next filter set. So main group, we are going to remember is all HA. I'm going to then click on the group 1 tab and go through the same process of adding first my lights, but this time for the 03, then my darks. These are actually the same darks, but it doesn't matter. Then my flats for the 03, and finally my dark flats for the 03. Okay, so now this is all 03 stuff. I'm going to go ahead and click check all. Okay, so now we have all of that. Deep Sky Stacker is actually smart to recognize that those were the same dark frames I loaded in the HA group, so it still says 15 right there. But you can see both the flat frames count, the dark plate frames count, and the light frames count have all increased. Okay, lastly, I'm going to now click on group 2 and add my S2 lights. I know this is all a little bit tedious, but I just want to show every step so no one loses track of what I'm doing here. Again the darks are the same darks that I used before because you don't need to shoot different darks for different filters since the camera doesn't know what, you know, if it's completely dark it doesn't matter what filter you're using. But flats you do have to shoot by filter just in case your filters were dirty and they had different dust patterns on them. Okay, so now I have everything loaded. I'm just going to go ahead and click check all again and just look through this. And normally what I would do now is I go into each individual frame and check it and make sure that it looks okay just by going through here. I'm just using my arrow key, my down arrow key to look through each frame and really you would want to actually look at the stars, make sure that you don't have any streaky stars in each frame. I'm just sort of abbreviating this process because I've already actually looked at all of these, but you'd want to look at every light frame and weed out any that were bad just delete them from the list. Oh this is actually a cool frame to show. See these, these are probably satellites or airplanes. Don't have to worry about those. If you see some frames that are fine except they have some of these streaks through them because of the airplanes or the satellites just leave those in because as long as you're using at least 10 subs that's not going to matter. Those are just going to average out. Alright, so let's just say I've looked through all the light frames now I'm going to go back to my main group here. Now at this point we don't know what is the best reference frame to use. So the cool thing about Deep Sky Stacker is after we register all of these pictures it will give each picture a score and we can pick the picture that has the best score to register all the other frames to meaning that it's going to use that frame to assign any offsets. So if something is a little bit shifted we know that they will actually because I used what's called dithering so it's moving the pictures around purposely. It's going to then take one frame and register all the pictures from all three filters to that frame. So I'm going to go ahead and click register checked pictures. I'll leave all of these settings alone but I'm going to turn off stack after registering right now because I just want to register and then look at the score of each sub. Under advanced tab here I'm going to go ahead and click on this compute the number of detected stars. This gives me an average in the HA tab of 540 stars. That's a perfectly acceptable number. If you have hundreds of stars that's good. My feeling is if you have like something like 10,000 stars you probably want to lower the threshold because then it's going to just be doing too much work trying to find the patterns. If you have like under 100 stars that's probably you probably want to raise the threshold a little bit. Actually really anything above like probably 50 stars will work but if you have like under 10 stars it's probably going to fail. So that's just sort of a ballpark. I'm not exactly sure about those numbers but you just want to always I always go into this advanced tab and press that just to sort of make sure that everything is looking fine. But usually with this default 20% it usually works fine. Okay, I'm going to go ahead and click OK and then it's immediately going to start calibrating. It's taking all of the dark frames right now creating a master dark frame. I'll just let it do that and then we'll see what happens next. Now creating the master dark it does all kinds of just with the default parameters it does kind of all kinds of averaging and throwing out outliers. What this median Kappa Sigma means is that it looks at a standard deviation of all the values and throws out outliers that just seem like they're not in every picture. You want this because you want your master dark to be a true standard for what the dark current is in your camera. So now it's doing the same thing for the dark flat frames. I'm going to probably go ahead and just fast forward in the video through this because it's a little bit automatic you don't have to worry about it too much and I don't have much too much else to say but basically what this is doing is it's taking all the individual subs and condensing them down into masters. So you have a master dark a master dark flat and a master flat for each filter it then calibrates all the light frames per group or per filter and then assigns each sub a score based on the signal to noise ratio and the roundness of the stars. So we'll let it do its work here it's probably going to take like an hour or something and then we will come back and move on to the next part of this which is stacking everything based on a single reference frame. All right it's done registering all of these and has given everything a score. I'm going to go ahead and sort it by score just by tapping my mouse right here on the word score twice. And so what this does is now I can see that frame 18 has the best score 8679. And if I scroll down here I can see the worst H.A. frame has a score of 4110. I don't know exactly what this score means but in terms of the number but just higher numbers are better. So I'm going to use the frame that has the highest score to register everything else. If I look at group one which is the 03 that doesn't have a higher score look at the S2 that doesn't have a higher score either. So the H.A. is going to be the one that I'm going to use and specifically this one that has the highest score frame 18 to make it the registration master frame I'm going to right click on it and sorry not registration master reference frame that's for the deep sky stacker terminology. And so I'm going to right click on it and choose use as reference frame. When you do that you'll notice that over here in score there's now this little asterisk next to it. So you can remember that that is your reference frame. So now when I register it's going to use that one. I'm going to go ahead and click uncheck all. Okay. Next I want to just register all of my H.A. frame so I'm just going to go ahead and select everything here right click and check. So I have everything in the main group checked nothing in group one or group two then I'm going to go into stacked check pictures. It lets me know you know I have the darks I have the dark flat I have the flats and I can go into recommended settings here and just look through it's using Sigma Clipping it's using blah blah blah. Okay I basically just use the recommended settings automatic alignment I typically don't mess with things in here but if you want to mess around you can there's a lot of different options but I think that the defaults are usually pretty good. I'm just going to use standard mode for stacking. Okay and I'm going to click okay again and let this do its thing. So when it says computing offsets what that means is it's taking all of the different H.A. lights and using the reference frame to register all of these different light frames and it's already created master darks master dark flats and master flats so you can see that it just used the masters that it already created and right now it's already going in and stacking all of the lights together so this actually shouldn't take that long. You can see the estimated time remaining here under two minutes. The part that takes longer was that first step where it was actually creating all of the master calibration frames and then calibrating all the lights for each filter. This is actually a pretty quick process by comparison just creating your master H.A. light is what you can think of it as. Notice now it says angle 178 degrees what happened there was there was a meridian flip meaning that it the frames on the second half of this are almost 180 degrees different than the the first one because we changed from the east to the west side of the meridian. Okay now it's loading our final auto save.tiff you can see where it's located right up here some other videos I've seen on deep sky stacker will suggest you now mess around with this and apply and save off that picture and then go on to photoshop or gimp or whatever it is you're using there's really no reason to do any processing in deep sky stacker and actually if you read the instruction manual it says this is basically just here as a convenience so you can sort of see what your data looks like it's not meant as a thing for actual final processing. But if we now go back into the folder the H.A. folder you can see in addition to all of these pictures we now have auto save.tiff I'm going to go ahead and pull that out of the folder and rename it here as H.A.tiff another thing you can do instead of doing it that way is you can choose save picture to file over here and just make sure that embed adjustments in the saved image but do not apply them is the option checked rather than apply adjustments to the saved image and then you can just call it something haffinal.tiff and save it wherever you want I'll just save it to the desktop so either way you can just you can choose save picture to file and just make sure that this embedded adjustments in the saved image but do not apply them is the option or you can just rename the auto save either way will work but you don't you definitely don't want to make any adjustments in deep sky stacker and apply them before you save the final stack. Okay let's go back here. Okay so next we're going to do the 03 and if we look back at the main group here we can see that everything is unchecked but I still have this little asterisk I'm going to go into that means this is the reference frame that it's going to register everything against I'm going to go into 03 and if everything isn't already checked I'm going to go ahead and check everything again the way you can do that I'll just do uncheck all click on the first frame shift click on the last frame then right click and choose check. Okay for some reason I don't have the dark frames loaded anymore so I'm going to go back in here into the main group and also check all my darks just click and shift click and check okay so I have those 15 dark frames 25 light frames from the 03 30 flat frames 20 dark flat frames. Okay now that I have everything I needed for the 03 stack checked and I am going to be registering against this HA reference frame again that's really important that for each filter you're using offsets against the same reference frame so that when you put all three filters together into a full color image they're all stacked together correctly I can now go over here to stack checked pictures and there are some things that are not so great about deep sky stack or terminology because when it talks about registering frames to a reference frame it uses the word offsets but then it also uses the word offset for bias so when it says no offset right here it's talking about there's no bias frames loaded but that's fine because we're not using bias frames we do have darks dark flats flats and of course lights 25 03 lights so basically we're just repeating this process now for the 03 I'm going to click okay again it'll go through do its thing and I'll check back in a second here okay the 03 is now stacked you'll notice that up here it saves it to the HA folder the reason is that for whatever reason deep sky stacker thinks that the autosave should always go into the same folder that the reference frame is in any case I'm just going to use the save picture to file command down here under processing make sure that this embed adjustments in the saved image but do not apply them is the option that's checked and call this 03 final and click save okay so now if we look at our progress here we have the HA final the 03 final tiff you'll notice that the little preview on each of these is black that's perfectly fine do not worry about the fact that you're not seeing anything in these yet other than maybe some really bright stars because these are not yet stretched we'll do that in the next step lastly though we have to go back here to register checked images one more time go into or click uncheck all to uncheck all the 03 files go into group two which is the s2 frames click on the first file scroll down shift click on the last file right click choose check go back here to our main group and check all of the darks click shift click right click check so 15 darks I only got 15 lights on s2 that's okay normally I try to get 20 but 15 is okay 30 flat frames 20 dark flat frames okay so that's all set again it's still going to register against our reference frame which is here in the main group HA and let's go ahead and click on register checked images nope sorry stack checked images okay no bias frames that's fine we're going to be stacking an hour and 15 minutes of s2 all sounds good let's click okay and it does its thing okay now we have the s2 done again it saves it to the HA folder but we can go ahead and just go to save picture to file make sure that the do not apply the adjustments is checked and save this as s2 final tiff to the desktop we're going to minimize deep sky stacker and this is what we want to see when we're all done a HA o3 and s2 all 16 bit tiffs all stacked calibrated and registered we're now going to go ahead and move on to the next step in this case we're going to open up GIMP you want GIMP 2.10 at least depending on when you're watching this video they may have released newer versions but I know that in 2.10 it can handle 16 bit processing I'm going to go ahead and choose open as layers go to my desktop pick these three files that we just created these three tiff files we go ahead and turn off the visibility of the o3 and s2 just start with the HA and I'm going to go up here to the colors menu and choose levels and I'm going to start stretching this image okay choose levels again reset my black point but also move the mid slider over a little bit okay go do it again again reset my black point I'm just sort of looking at where the histogram is here okay do it again color levels reset my black point just move the mid slider over it's just this iterative process you just do this a few times levels reset the black point and each time I move the mid slider over a little bit less this time it's just a little bit in I'm just going to do it one more time color levels reset the black point okay I lied I'm going to do it one more time this time I'm just going to do the black point over perfect okay so that's stretching it's you're going to see that it works much better in GIMP compared to doing it in deep sky stacker using just the levels command there and I'm just going to repeat this process now for the o3 colors levels you start with the mid point slider bring it over then each time you reset black while bringing mid over till you have something like this where the o3 is showing nicely okay I'm going to turn on my s2 do it one more time colors levels start with your mid bring it over okay so I'm literally just doing the same thing resetting my black point over and over again using the left side of the histogram here while bringing over my midpoint to stretch out the signal so now I'm just going to look at each one looks like each time I left the sky a little bit brighter so I'm going to go ahead and reset the black point on each of these actually that looks fine let me trick the HA I'm just going to bring up the HA a little bit okay so the point is each of these looks like they have about an equal stretch now in terms of the sky background looks similar now what I'm going to do is I'm going to go up to colors go down to components and choose channel mixer no that's not it I'm sorry I'm going to go up to colors go down to components and choose compose and if you hover over this it says create an image using multiple gray images as color channels which is exactly what we want to do for the red I'm going to choose the s2 layer for the green I'm going to choose the HA and for the blue I'm going to choose the o3 this is sh0 processing so the red is the s the green is the h blue is the o I'm going to go ahead and click okay we'll open up a new tab with our new color image after it composes them pretty awesome huh so uh first thing I notice is that we have some registration artifacts here because the my rotation angle wasn't perfect so along the edges here we have some things that are sort of ugly I'm going to go ahead and get rid of those using the crop tool just right here or you can press shift c to get to it and I'm just going to cross each edge here and getting as much of the picture as I can while cropping okay it looks good I'm gonna go ahead and press enter to crop it very cool okay uh really the only thing else that I want to do with this is just play around with the curves and colors now um not much else you have to do this is actually I think a pretty fine image as is I could just save it right now but I'm gonna go ahead and play around just a little bit with curves first I'm going to bring my black point in a little bit I'm going to bring this up then I'm going to take this down a little bit this just improves the contrast a bit um it's sort of a modified s curve um um we don't necessarily have to bring this so far up if we want to do a little bit more modest go ahead and click okay all right the other thing I've noticing about this image is that it's pretty green um this is typical of just straight show imaging um sh o because the you're usually your h alpha channel which you assigned to the green is much stronger than the o3 and s2 signal so you get a sort of greenish image some people are fine with this I think it looks pretty cool actually but if you wanted to turn it less green how would you do that in gimp um this so when you take out some of the green that's typically called the Hubble palette and the way you do it in gimp is we're going to go back to colors channels colors components sorry but choose the channel mixer and with this if you have preview on you can really do a lot to change the colors just by messing around with these different things here so in the green channel I'm going to take out some of the green and just like that you go from a pretty um show looking image to a more Hubble palette image so you can see all I did there was I went from 1.0 on the green to 0.5 so about having the amount of green in the image makes it look much more Hubble palady if I increase the red in the red channel then that brings out these golden tones even more and if I increase the blue in the blue channel you can see then the then the o3 signal really pops um the one issue with doing this is then your stars go go pretty magenta I don't know of a great way to fix that in gimp but gimp is the software I am least experienced with so if you know of a great way to fix magenta stars in gimp please let me know in the comments and other people can find that as well okay so if you wanted the Hubble palette look this is how you would do it the channel mixer I'm going to go ahead and click cancel just to show you back what the just straight show look looked like a little bit more green maybe a little bit less contrast but I think it's a pretty interesting look um and that's really all I have to say about processing show images in gimp it's really just about getting good data putting it together making sure you're using all your calibration frames when you're all done you can choose file save as if you're planning to return to it you can save it in the gimp format when you're all done and you want to save it to the web you can choose file export and I'm going to go ahead and save that to my desktop as a png all right now we have a cool looking seagull nebula in the show format again if you wanted a more Hubble palette image with gimp all you'd have to do is go to colors components channel mixer and play around with this I'm just going to take out some of the green channel click okay and I'll save this one as oh I mean export this one sorry I'll export as Hubble all right that's it for this video if you have any suggestions for future videos please let me know and my website is at nebulaphotos.com here at the end you're going to see my Patreon subscribers if you're interested in becoming a patron you can check out the link right below this video thanks so much for watching


Good morning and welcome to the weekly market update with me David Madden Today's date is Monday the 24th of August 2020 and the time has just gone 1142 British summertime and it's been a fairly positive start to the European training session We've more than recouped that the the ground that European stocks lost at the back end of last week We had some pretty disappointing Manufacturing and services figures from France the numbers from Germany were a bit mixed They weren't amazing either so that prompted fears in Europe that and in the Eurozone in content Europe That that the the odds of a V shape recovery are looking are looking lower That there is a cooling off in economic economic activity Which kind of spark fears that maybe we've had a fairly sharp rebound from the economy has been reopened But now it could be tapering off But in the last 48 hours in the last few days, we've heard from President Trump Who's who's considering fast-tracking a drug which is which has been Developed by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca and the drug in question has a bit is is the potential to be a COVID-19 vaccine So the US the US leader is looking at potentially fast-tracking this drug for approval That should that be the case. You'd be looking at doing that in October keep in mind President Trump is running for re-election in November. So excuse me There's clearly a political play Here whereby he wants to kind of see him that isn't isn't he's in control in charge He's in control of the health crisis. So he's clearly looking to actually Try and do whatever he can to kind of go into that election Saying that basically he's in charge and not COVID-19 For those of you who follow these videos regularly as the usual do the usual rundown We'll start off looking at the week ahead Then I look at a few of the major markets indices currencies and commodities. So first things first Let's take a quick look at what's going on on the other week ahead If you're going to see some markets calm under in under insights You can find it under news and analysis We can see we can see it right here at the week ahead Starting off this this week's is US GDP WPP HP road Royce. They're the big ones So tomorrow we have second quarter figures out from Best Buy Tomorrow we have second quarter German GDP and we also have the IFO Indicator coming out as well on Wednesday second quarter numbers from Williams Sonoma Thursday Hewlett Packard HP have a third a third quarter results out One of the bigger ones to watch this week as far as the UK is concerned Rolls Royce They've been kind of struggling recently. They've had engine couple They've had issues with a couple of their of their engines and on top of that The aviation sector has been really hit hard because of COVID-19 and therefore demand for engines As it has really taken it taking a knock We have the Jackson Hole Symposium at the back end of the week starting on Thursday We also have second quarter US GDP on Thursday What's become very important the last few months the US weekly jobless claims We on Thursday, we also have first-time figures from WPP the advertising giant Let's see what they're doing in terms of Abilities to gain revenue because the likes of Google and Co have become and Facebook have become very strong at snapping up revenue away from our traditional Advertising agencies such as WPP and we have US personal spending and income from the from from the US I'll add the at the back end of the week Turning our attention now to the to the major industry starting off with the FTSE 100 The broad trend of the last few months has been that we've got a decent move from the upside from late March into Into June but since then we've been trading sideways It's kind of being a bit directionless This is old here. It's going to fail to get above 6342 but at the same time we are back above the kind of psychology important 6,000 mark. So If you look at the price action of today's candle is is is quite bullish So if we do good luck to kind of if you can continue to hold above 6,000 It's likely we could see it retesting this blue line The 50 moving average and that comes into play at 6154 Notice how on a few occasions recently that metric acted nicely as resistance So if the metric has been important in the past it makes it more likely it'll be important in the future Although there are no guarantees So if you press on higher beyond that I will go beyond say 6200 we can then be looking at retesting the mid-August highs this area here And we'd really need to be getting above this zone here I mentioned a moment ago 6342 6342 that's general area. It's a struggle to get above the metric Basically if I'm from June late June onwards So we really need to kind of get above that to then become more confident that the kind of the wider trend for the last few months is in play Conversely if the market turns over on itself, and we do drop back below 6,000 we could then be looking at heading back down forward This is over down around here the lows of early August in around 5852 and if you go beyond that we could be heading down toward this zone here in it 5800 take a look what's going on over in Germany So German market has been it's been a solid upper trend the last few months It's been in better shape than the first 200 because notice how the lows that were achieved in late July We're still well above the lows that were achieved in June And even though the highs of August have yet to take out the highs of July yet We've had a fairly decent move today and today's candle is looking quite. This is quite a bullish move We're seeing so far. We're not too far away from the highs of the middle of August So if you press on higher from here, and we and we Take out the highs of mid-August We can then be heading up heading up towards the highs of late July And if you go beyond that metric, you know, we then be looking at levels last seen at the back end of February Essentially what kind of really when the kind of crisis began so we could be looking heading up towards summer in the region of 13,500 on the flip side if we do you see a pullback We could see support to commit the play from this blue line here the fifth day moving average, you know Once again, and you know, not too long ago. It acted nicely as support So keep an eye out for that area and that comes into play in around 12,673 and it's only really if you're going to take out the lows of early August in this zone here In around 12,515 there thereabouts. It's only really if you can head below that Could we could be thinking rent for a fairly size of a correction? I should that be the case We could look at retesting this red line here the two day moving average in that was just south of 12,200 but notice how the turning moving average acted nicely as support back in At the very end of July Turning our attention now to what's going on over in the US starting off with the Dow Jones The dollars in fairly decent shape where the dollars poised to open around 28,100 and 7175 180 there thereabouts It looks like the highs that you know the highs that we're going to be setting with the cash market gets trading It's going to take out the highs of August. So we are talking about levels last seen in February So give indication of how strong things are over in the US and if we're going to continue to press on higher from here We could be looking at heading back up towards in around, you know, 28,890 Levels last seen in very much, you know, the last second or say the third week of February Just as the kind of COVID-19 crisis was really setting in On the flip side, if you managed to kind of move a bit lower We could see fresh bars enter the fall because Let's face it, you know buying on the dip has been a pretty popular strategy the last number of months So if we do have a move to the downside Support could be found from this zone here that the lows of late last week in around 27,449 and if you go below that we could be looking heading back toward the Psychologically, you know big number of 27,000 and a move below that could take us back towards this blue line here The 50 moving average, you know on a few occasions acted nicely as support and the 50 moving average comes in the play at 26,650 Now the S&P 500 is set to post a new record So which seems crazy given what's going on the world, but the balls have really latched onto this fast track potential COVID-19 vaccine story. So, you know We've we're looking at setting a new all-time high, you know in terms of the futures market are pointed to a fresh record intraday high I once cash trading gets underway. So that'll give you an indication if all bullish sentiment is Even if you do have a pullback Support could be found in around 3400 and if you go below that in around this area here in around 3550 and a move below that could take us back down towards this zone here in around 3326 Take a look now. What's going on on the currency markets is starting off with euro dollar. So the dollar index has been in focus For all the wrong reasons recently It was too long ago The dollar index fell to its lowest level in over two years and conversely euro dollar Which makes up a large portion of the dollar index hit its highest level in over two years So we can see that euro dollar has been a nice upper trend the last few months this high that was achieved Only well nearly a week ago was basically that Was um, I believe it was a 20 27 month high. So highest level in over two years It's still very much in the upward trend Although has been you know edging but lower the last few sessions is still in this upward trend And notice how in from august the lows that we've seen in august are getting higher So even though we're making a huge amount of progress at retesting the recent highs The lows are getting higher. So the biases that are the upside So I'll be press on higher from here because we're currently in around one spot 1832 We could be looking at targeting 120 And even if you do drift a bit lower support could be found from this zone here in around one spot 1696 And a drop below that could could see support in around the one spot 16 area And if you head south of that we could make a testing retesting rather The blue line here the fifth of the moving average Which actually has support Yeah in in late may the fifth of the moving average comes into play and at one spot 1532 So the pound has also done pretty well versus the u.s. Dollar in recent months because the dollar weakness As to that as well as zero, but it's still doing pretty well So it's been a nice upward trend. It was only last week. We saw the pound dollar at its highest level Since january this year. So that'll give you an indication of how strong things are in relation to pound dollar We're still on the upward trend to be fair Kind of a range bound the last few sessions But the bias still remains to the upside while we hold above this area here in at one spot 30 So if I do head back up we move higher from here and we can retake the 132 area We could then be looking at targeting this level here the highs of late december in at one spot at 3284 A move at the downside might find support in this zone in at one spot 30 Uh, and if you head below head below that we could be looking at heading back down towards the kind of 128 area Coming on to modern days now. Let's take a look at gold Uh, it's had a good run the last, uh, well, it's seen a lot of volatility in the month of august Um, but if you take a look at the price action It's powering ahead for months and months One of the reasons for this was the the weakness in the u.s. Dollar, which he just Discussed a moment ago in addition to that all the exceptional You know stimulus packages and easing from central banks around the world has put huge pressure on government bond deals Some of those government bond yields are exceptionally low. Others are in negative territory Uh, so some investors who would ordinarily be plowing their money into government bonds think, you know What if I want to avoid, uh, a very low yield or even negative yields? So my portion funds into gold Hence why we saw gold, uh, only at the beginning of this month hit an all-time high So we obviously seen quite a bit of volatility since then, but you know, we're still comfortably above 1900 because we're currently trading around 1950. We're still well above the lows of the middle of august Uh, so the the wider upper trend is still very much intact So if you press on higher from here, we could be looking at targeting this this area here in around $2,000 and if you if you want to if you do take out $2,000 traders will then be set setting their attention on the recent all-time highs If on the flip side, uh, we do could have moved lower from here We could be looking at heading back towards 1900 and if you go below that we could be looking at Heading back toward this zone here In around 1863 and notice how not only on a few occasions did 1863 itself Act of support, particularly the lows of mid august That price also coincides with the 50 day moving average which acted nicely as support on a few occasions in june So when you have a price point that is kind of from that from from more than one point of view Has been important recently it makes that even more boring because some people who follow the moving averages Some people you follow recent lows kind of converge on each other Uh, so that so if we do have a move to the downside, this could be a fairly significant area And lastly, I'll take a look at the oil market spring crude oil the october contract To be honest always been reasonably boring the last you know the last few weeks It's had a great recovery from late from late April uh until early august when it is when it's at its highest level since march. So we're talking About a five month high was achieved Not that long ago only at the beginning of the month or the kind of the middle of the month beginning of the month Was been trading in a reasonably small range ever since then We've had a few moves to the downside for example on friday with sentiment across the board was negative But we've covered some of those losses So the bias still remains to the upside and if you can impress on higher from here We could be looking at retesting the highs of august and if you go beyond that We could then be looking at targeting the lows of late march. Obviously we had the brutal gap down And the first week in march Uh, if we do managed to move a bit lower from here Support could be found in this blue line the 50 moving average of $43 and 46 cents And if you head below that we could be likely heading down towards the uh, the late The lows of late july this area here in a 41 spot 72 And if you go below that we could be like heading back down towards the you know, psychology important 40 bucks per barrel That's all for me this week. Thank you for listening. Stay safe. Have a good trading week and good luck


For me, there was no hesitation, because while music and art and museums are not all that enrich my life, books are my life. And of course I cannot pick one book. Nobody can. But this list of picking ten out of millions give you also the possibility to mention the ones you did not pick. That's why you do this list. Because on the bottom of it, what I would like to convey to a young person is not a book, but the love of books. But I followed, I followed. And of course there's a question, why books? And there are many answers. One is that books are agents of empathy. So if you have wandered through the night woods with junior barns, if you have suffered with Push in Sapphire, with Precious, it's her name, it's also a movie, if you've suffered with Precious in Sapphire, it's novel Push.  Or to be a sexist. So it's compassion and it's understanding. And it is this feeling of unity and difference of morals and mischief and of triumphant trauma. Books are witnesses and agents of witnesses and perpetrators, perpetrators they are, of what we call the human nature. Which is paradox kind and problematic and at the same time astonishingly beautiful. But at the bottom of it there's only one life. There's only one life. There's only everybody's one life. And this is why I would choose a philosophical book. I will not talk about the books I did not mention. I'll get it out right away. I'll choose Seneca's Life is Short. Life is Short is a letter. Seneca, like about 2,000 years ago, has written to his friend Paulinos about the importance of taking care of one's own soul and the importance of leaving one's own life. It's very beautiful, very simple and very deep. And it reminds us what it means to be human. That is to be alive and responsible. That means to respond to that lifeness. So Seneca's book challenges us over the abyss of time to answer with our own life. Then I got the second question. So what would you do now? Teach the younglings. And of course I forgot the most important thing in my essay. Because I think reflection and correction often go hand in hand. I forgot to tell. The first thing I would say to a young person would be, I would encourage him or her. Encourage men. I would tell my students that every one of them has everything. They need to make their own life and that they are smart. And that they really would like to hear their thoughts. And you know what, I really do this. I do this with my students. And it really works. And sometimes they even object to me. That's what you get then. But seriously, what I would teach them first would be the paradox nature of the human animal. Like this strange coexistence of freedom and dependence.  It's not the same. And in one self. And in all ourselves. And in the society and in our species. And so to understand that we're not torn by this Aristotelian based logic of either or. But we are creatures of as well as. As in beauty as well as suffering. And hereby we totally avoid any form of dogmatism. Like Adorno said, the whole is the untrue. And by that you always have a little room for dissent. So I would not encourage them to be themselves. I would encourage them to be their many selves. And then I would tell them that all good things take time. And that if you want to really be good at something.  And then I would tell them they would fail. And then get up again.  Perseverance, perseverance, perseverance. And a sense of humor. Because humor is the ability to take everything very serious and everything very not serious at the same time.  And so I think this kind of paradox strategy is the best answer to this wicked wonder we call life. Thank you.


Good morning, I'm Mary Ellen from the channel Mary Ellen after 60 and first of all, I want to thank you all so much for the birthday wishes. I am thrilled to be 67 years old because I know a whole lot of people didn't have that pleasure and I really am very appreciative. Today, I'm going to be answering some questions that I got on my last video. I'm going to be announcing the winners of my the Timeless Skincare and the Skin Diva and if I have time, I'm going to put a one of my vintage quilts at the end. I've got all of them filmed. When I was getting ready to film this video, I was looking at old videos because I got a lot of questions and I wanted to have some photos. I noticed that on some of my old videos that it says paid promotion or there were non-skippable ads. If you ever see that number one, I have never been paid anything to do a video and I've never put in an ad that was not skippable. So if you ever see that and you have the time to leave a comment, just please do and I'll go in there and change it. I don't know what has happened, but I'd appreciate it if you'd let me know. You should always be able to skip any of the ads on my videos and I've again, I've never been paid to do a video. You know, there is absolutely no right way or wrong way Well, I'm sure there's wrong ways, but everybody's skin care is individualized to that person. So the only thing that I can share is what works for me and how I corrected some of the issues. I worked in the hospital for over 30 years and there weren't very many things that every doctor agreed upon.  So every doctor in the hospital, if their patient couldn't sleep, had a temp, you know, had all these, you could just go to these orders and every doctor had something different they wanted. Some doctors didn't want the fevers treated until they hit 102. Some doctors wanted a certain sleep med. I mean, it's really hard to get anyone in health care to agree 100% on anything. And I think that's important to say because not everybody agrees on absolutely anything. The only thing that I use that there is science-based research is retinate and there is a plethora of information on the benefits of retinate. Some people can use it. Some people can't. And everything else that I used would be more be considered like antidotal or evidence-based and you know, when I use something and it does well for me, I'm the evidence, but it's not scientifically researched. I think that's important for you to know. I have never had any type of procedure. I had a lot of questions about my eyelids and I I've never had anything done. Not that I wouldn't have. If it would, if everything that was available now would have been available in my late 40s, mid 50s, I mean, I was 55, 12 years ago. And let me tell you, Botox and Fillers weren't talked about at least in my little southern Illinois town, but I probably would have considered it then. I will never say never, but I cannot see myself ever having anything done. It's almost kind of like a challenge to me just to do what I do at home and to see how long I can have my skin look as good as it can for as long as it can. So that that answers your question. No, I've never had anything done with the exception of what I do here at home. The number one question, how did I get my hoods to to recede to come up to have more eyelid space? And I'm going to link a video up here and below on how I apply my retinae. I do not put retinae on my eyelids. I do not put retinae close to my eyes. If you don't want to watch that video, I will just share with you what I think helped because this was the only thing that I did for that year. And I'm going to put a photo up here of me before I started and me after one year. And yeah, I do look older than I did after one year, but I am five years older than I was. And it really took to the one year mark that I really could see a difference. I use a very small amount of retinae and I use it Monday through Saturday. My skin has adapted well. I put it here all over my forehead. I put it here and I bring it down to my eyebrows. And the only thing that I can think of and I don't know if it makes sense or not, I think it definitely helped the wrinkles on my forehead, but also retinae builds collagen. I think the tightening of my forehead lifted my hoods and it gave me more lead space. That is the only thing I can think of. I don't think there's anything else. I don't and I also don't do facial exercises, but I might one of these days or you know, yoga, facial yoga, but that may be something I might end up doing, but we'll just see. But that is what helped my hoods. And I think like I said, it was about a year before I could see them actually lifting. I was asked about what gadgets and devices I use. The only thing I use consistently is that red light therapy for my lips and I do it for three minutes in the morning, every morning, just because it's easy. I think lead, I think there are so many great gadgets, appliances out there that anything with electrical stimulation, I cannot use. I do still use my Clarisonic. I use that probably twice a week and I don't know what I'm going to do when I can't find any more brush heads. I have two more, but I think it's I really have enjoyed the Clarisonic and it still works. I got so many questions about consistency and I will tell you I am excellent at night because all I do at night, everybody cleanses their face and I do that late afternoon and then all I do is I put on my retin A Monday, Monday through Saturday and on Monday, Wednesday and Friday I use my Grande Brow and my Grande Lash and then I go to bed and that's when I put on my hydrating eye cream under my eyes and on my eyelids and I mean it doesn't get easier than that. So I think I have been 100% compliant doing my evening skincare and on Sunday that's when I derma roll so I don't use retin A that night. As far as the morning goes, I'm going to guess six out of seven days I do my whole routine possibly one to two days. You know, I always use my Miracle Water in the morning. I love it. I use my Argyraline, the One Drop.  So after I've done those steps, I'm already dressed. I go into the living room in the kitchen and six out of seven times I will put on my Vitamin C Serum and that's in my refrigerator and a couple a day or two a week I may skip the rest. I may not even get back in here but most of the time I come back and I finish. So I would say I'm five and three-quarter days a week in the morning I do all my skincare. So and when it comes to derma rolling I have missed one week and that's it and and I just didn't want to do it. There was no reason I was kind of sick and tired of being in. I thought by George I don't have to do the derma rolling and I didn't. So I did skip a week but it's since I do it on Sunday it's just a routine that I got into so that's how compliant I am. How did my another question was how did my 11's get better? Two things I think it's a Rett and A and the other thing is derma rolling. They have gotten better. I used to have some deep lines here and here that are gone. My forehead lines don't bother me a bit but you know I am derma rolling my whole face now. I had several questions from people who could not use Rett and A and what I would suggest there's a lot of people that have had some good results on different and that can be purchased at a drugstore or on Amazon. I've never used it. It used to be a prescription drug but it isn't any longer and you may want to do a little bit of research on that and I don't know much about retinols anymore at all. I used them. I started my skincare. I first started using skincare when I was 57. I used the philosophy skincare line. I used their retinols for a good three years and I think that's when my skin adapted really well to Rett and A and I got a lot of questions on moving up in strength. In the United States Rett and A or the generic name is Tretinoin that it's a prescription. So after I was using the 0.05 for a good long time I talked to my doctor. I talked about going up to the 0.1% and that's what I'm on now and I asked him I said I don't want to double it right away. I said what do you think of of me mixing it going ahead and getting the prescription for the 0.1% and mixing with the 0.05. Well I always keep glass bottles and in fact I bought some and these are I think 15 ml's which is a half an ounce. So I put my 0.05 Rett and A in here and I added just a little bit of the 0.1 and I used my little stainless steel dental tool and I mixed it up so I didn't fill this up by any means. I probably it was probably about three weeks to a month's worth and I just mixed it up really well and I shut the lid and I used from this after three to four weeks when it was empty I washed it again and then I added more of the 0.1% in this jar and I used it and it took me about a year to build up to the 0.1% Rett and A. So if I were you I would ask my doctor because anytime when you go from the 0.025 to the 0.05 you're doubling the strength. The key to be able to use it Rett and A is not to have bad reactions and that really did help me. Okay this next question I got quite a bit and this is going to this is very hard for me to answer. It's how often do I replace my derma rollers. The most important thing on derma rollers is to clean them well and not to hit the needle on any container. When I replace my derma roller I put so carefully in there. I clean my derma roller after use and you can use denture. I have never done it but I spray it thoroughly with alcohol and then I carefully place it in its container so none of the needles get dull. Basically what I do is I replace it by the feel. My 0.5 millimeter I just use it once a month and for a long time I only used it like here you know the certain areas that I used it on and mine lasted 12 months but it was only taking about three minutes to do my face before I started doing the whole thing you know and and I felt comfortable with that.  You go by the directions that come with whatever device you use whatever derma roller you use but just make sure it is clean. I had quite a few questions on the timeless vitamin c plus e plus frulic acid it's now in a pump they did have some problems with it in the beginning and a lot of the pumps leaked but they've changed they have they've taken care of that but I'm not going to put mine in the freezer. I don't I think that you know I have never had any problems freezing my vitamin c but I think in the container that it's in I wouldn't even try because I think it might bust and skin diva is going to continue using the glass dropper bottle so you know I put their ingredients are pretty well well they are identical and that's something else that you ask about if you have a product that is working for you but you want to see if you can find something a little less expensive you know like if there's 20 ingredients in it just type in on your computer like the first 10 ingredients and search and a lot of times you'll find some things that have the same ingredients that your skin likes so I hope I answered your questions I will leave some videos below and I'll try to indicate what time something starts that you might be interested in I'll put them in the cards however they work I'm not sure how that is and if this is my second vintage quilt that I'm showing and I just put this over my bed upstairs and it's some sort of a four-star quilt this was made by my mother-in-law and to my best knowledge it was in the 1950s each of the squares has 17 different pieces there's a close up of the squares and she just used fabric that she had on hand she was quite a seamstress and that's the backside of the quilt it's all hand quilted and hand bound I roll my quilts and I re-roll them about every six months and I keep them in a closet with the door shut and now I want to announce the winners of my giveaway and I had one winner from Skendiva and the winner will receive a derma roller of their choice the size that they want they will receive their vitamin c plus e plus ferulic acid and then you'll have your choice of either the Argyraline or the Matrixle 3000 so there's going to be a total of three products from Skendiva and the winner of the Skendiva products is C. Ocasio congratulations C and I have two winners of the timeless beauty box and that has a vitamin c plus e plus ferulic acid hyaluronic acid Matrixle 3000 the hydrating eye cream and the squalane and the winners are Steph Hilt congratulations Steph and Nova Norman congratulations Nova timeless and Skendiva provided these gifts for you all you need to do is leave a comment below and I'll let you know how to get in touch with me I was going to put on a full face of makeup today all I did was powder I put powder on my eyelids I put on lipstick and blush I just can't get into doing a full face of makeup I can't and this is just real life and I appreciate you coming along with me in my real life it is all good I want you all to take care and I will see you in my next video I'm six years older but like anything with radioactive belt it okay I think I pretty well do that red so what I did anyway