So in this talk, I'll focus on the second approach to study monoproperators and the Cologne branch using one-dimensional quantum mechanics with the interface. Monopros in three-digit theory is a very interesting, not part of the objective object. The vacuum expectation value gives additional direction in the vacuum-modulized space. And also often they provide additional conserved current in the infrared fixed point. So the IR fixed point theory, open experience, not tributary enhancement. The famous example is the ABGM theory, where we have the not tributary enhancement by the monoproperators. But this operator involves very complicated quantum dynamics and strong coupling dynamics of the three-digit theory. So in general, it's not easy to analyze this monoproperators directly using some part-optive analysis. So it means it's very hard to study the Cologne branch, which is generated by the monoproperators. In this talk, I'll introduce an interesting new approach for the monoproperators and the Cologne branch. Basically, we'll focus on the monoproaction on the vortex stage. So we know that vortex is kind of the operator which creates and analyzes, sorry, monopros operator which creates and analyzes the vortex stage. So by reading of the actions, the monoproactions on the vortex stage, we can extract many important quantum properties of the monoproperators. So in this, sorry? Yeah, yeah, yeah, that's right. We'll study monoproperators in the Higgs branch and extract the Cologne branch too. Okay, that is our thing. So we'll basically compute the correlation functions of the monoproperators using the localization technique. It allows us to read off the monoproactions on the vortex stage. And also using this monoproaction, we can easily extract Cologne branch algebra involving the full quantum corrections. So our goal is to compute the Cologne branch cavalry exactly using the spousy material localization. Okay, let me first briefly introduce 3D and Euclid 4-series. 3D and also vacuum structure. 3D and Euclid 4-series will concede the gauge theory with the gauge group G number of hypermultiplanks. And any cold post theory preserves the eight real supersymmetries with Q and also the theory has the alchymetry SO4 or SO2H times SO2C. So this index A and A dot correspond to double-edged indices for SO2 and SO2C. And also alpha correspond to Lorentz index. Any cold post theory has two different supermultiplanks. Firstly, we have the vector multiplex. Vector multiplex consists of N equal 2 vector multiplex with the gauge field and the scalar field sigma in other joint representation. And also it involves N equal 2 chiral multiplex in other joint representation with the scalar field Y. There is another, so N equal 4 vector multiplex has a gauge field and three scalar field sigma and Y. There is another supermultiplex called hypermultiplex. And hypermultiplex consists of two N equal 2 chiral multiplex with the scalar field and X and Y. And with this particular superpotential, the full system has N equal 4 supersymmetric enhancements. And this N equal 4 gauge theory has very rich structure of the supersymmetric vector, which is parametried by the vacuum expectation value of the gauge invariant operators. Roughly speaking, this modulite space is a product of two branches. One is called the Higgs branch, parametried by the scalar field N, X and Y in the hypermultiplex. And the other one is called the Clomb branch, parametried by the scalar field in the vector multiplex with monopolar operators. And they can intersect and not trivial as a fixed point. And these two branches are both hyperkeller space. They have a three complex structure. And for example, this SU2H archimetry action, the Higgs branch, it will take the three complex structure as a triplet. And similarly, SU2C action this Clomb branch. Let me discuss more about the modulite space. Firstly, Higgs branch. Again, it's parametried by the vacuum expectation value of the scalar field in the hypermultiplex. And on the generic point, Clomb branch, the other scalar field in the vector multiplex, they are set to zero. And these two scalar fields are set by F term and D term constraints like this. And hyper, sorry. Higgs branch modulite space automate the hyperkeller quotient construction. It's just simply given by this hyperkeller quotient. It's the space of X and Y satisfying the term and F term occasion or the momentary constraint. Modulated by gauge transformation. And it turns out that this space given by hyperkeller quotient it receives no content correction. It means the classical geometry from this occasion is exact. So the geometry on the Higgs branch is a rather eternal line. However, in this top, I'll focus on the other branch. It's called Clomb branch. And Clomb branch is parametried by vacuum expectation value of the three scalar field, sigma and phi in the vector multiplex. And also the monopolar operator, they participate in the Clomb branch. Because of this, to understand the geometry on the Clomb branch, we have to understand, first understand the dynamics of the monopolar operators. And monopolar operators are usually defined as a singularity in the pass integral. So in the pass integral, we'll consider some non-trivial singular gauge field configuration around the point. So gauge field near the insertion point of the monopolar operator behaves like this. M is the magnetic charge. So if we integrate the field strength of this gauge field around the monopolar insertion point, then we get the non-zero magnetic flux. And M is the magnetic charge. It takes values in the weight lattice of the dual gauge group G. So the vacuum expectation value of this operator gives another direction in the Clomb branch. And combining this new direction, the Clomb branch form a hyperkeler space with a complex dimension two times the length of the gauge. And unlike the X branch, which was very robust under the quantum effect, this Clomb branch received both part-optive correction and also non-part-optive instanton correction. So the classical geometry is severely modified by the quantum effect. So in general, it's very hard to study. But sometimes we can study quantum corrected Clomb branch using some duality in three-digit gauge theory. For example, if we have some brain construction of the three-digit gauge theory, there are many dualities between the theory. We can use the duality, for example, using mirror duality and study some quantum correction on the Clomb branch by studying its mirror dual theory on the Hick's branch. However, this approach is rather indirect. So it would be very nice if we can find some direct approach for the monopole operator and the Clomb branch. So in this talk, I'll introduce one interesting direct approach, more direct approach to study quantum dynamics of the monopole operators. And also it can read off the Clomb branch geometry, more direct. So we'll consider a monopole in the Hick's branch. In the Hick's branch, there are some solitonic particles called vortices. They are particle-like objects, which carries non-trivial magnetic flux on the outer plane where the monopole particle is located as a point. So the vortex particle has same magnetic flux along its word line. And monopole operator in Hick's branch has magnetic flux, but actually this magnetic flux is confined in the Hick's branch. So it means that the monopole operator should be attached to the flux line generated by the vortex particles like this Hick's. Okay, so here the green, sorry, blue line is the flux by the monopole, sorry, vortex particle. And this red dot is the monopole operator. And we know that monopole operator carries non-trivial magnetic charge. So if the word line of this vortex passes through this operator, its magnetic flux should change like this. So we expect that this monopole operator connect two vortex solutions with magnetic charge N and the other vortex solution with magnetic charge N plus A, where this A is the magnetic charge for the monopole operator. So from the point of view on this one-dimensional theory on vortex world line, this operator can be considered as some interface working or domainal, which interpolate two different vortex solutions with magnetic charge N and N plus A. So monopole operators interface in one-dimensional vortex quantum mechanics. We can also combine several different monopole operators. Of course, they become combinations of the interface in the one-dimensional vortex quantum mechanics. So we'll try to construct gauge theory description for this combined system of the vortices with the monopole interface. Basically? Yes, what is the line? Why you restrict this equation? Sorry? Is this a generic separation? Yeah, on the hit branch. They should be attached to the flux line. And also we will define this theory such that all this line is localized at the origin on this plane, but I'll talk about it later. So without monopole operator, we know how to describe the dynamics of this vortex flux line using the one-dimensional quantum mechanics. Hanani and Tong proposed the brain construction for these vortex particles, and we can read off basically the gauge theory living on the vortices from the brain. So in this talk, I'll generalize their construction to involve not trivial monopole interface into the one-dimensional quantum mechanics. So once they have the one-dimensional quantum mechanical system, we can try to compute the partition function of this system. So we'll consider this computation again with vortex stage here with a charge n and another vortex stage here with a charge n plus a, and these two vortex solutions are interpolated by this operator v and a, and we'll compute the partition function of this system. Then it's clear this partition function will compute this correlation function of the monopole operator. And it turns out that this partition function or correlation function can be computed using supersymmetric localization. And once we compute this partition function, we can extract how the monopole operator is acting on the vortex stage. So we can extract the monopole action from this exact computational partition function. And our main goal is to extract the exact chiral ring relation or the clone branch algebra from this correlation function. I'll explain details about this one in the second part of my talk. And I'll also discuss the quantization of the clone branch algebra in our settings. So this is our line for my talk. I'll first discuss the classical geometry on the clone branch and also explain the subtleties which arise from the quantum event. And also I'll briefly discuss the x branch again and also vortex modelized space. And in the second part, I'll introduce vortex quantum mechanics constructed by Hananian Tong. And I'll explain how to incorporate the monopole operators or monopole interface into this vortex quantum mechanics. And then I'll compute the correlation function and show that we can actually derive the clone branch algebra from this computation. Questions so far? Okay, before discuss clone branch and monopole operators, so let me first explain the symmetry of the 3D and 4-gauge theory and also possibility formations. We'll mainly focus on the unitary-gauge group. So we'll consider unitary-quiver-gauge theory, but each node has unitary-tie-gauge groups and also fundamental hypermultiplane and two gauges nodes are connected by bifundamentals. And but mostly I'll focus on just a single-gauge node with a UN-gauge group. Apart from this gauge group and also archimetry-symmetry, we have the global symmetry. Firstly, the flavor symmetry, which acts on the hypermultiplane. So in our case, flavor symmetry, acting on the hypermultiplane, of course it actually only on the Higgs branch is the product of SUMF. And there are also topological symmetry. For each UN factors in the gauge group, we have the topological UN symmetry. It acts on the clone branch. And also this UN topological symmetry has a charge. The charge is nothing but the gauge charge, oh, sorry, magnetic charge of the gauge group. So the magnetic objects such as monoproloperator and vortices, they carry non-trivial UN topological charge. And this UN topological symmetry will be open to the nanobillion symmetry in the IR fixed point, but that is not today's topic. So we'll consider possible deformations of this theory. Firstly, for the flavor symmetry, we can consider method deformation. We can turn on the mass parameter for the flavor symmetry. So mass parameter, we can turn on basically three. We can turn on the real mass parameter and complex mass parameter. They are basically background the scalar field in the vector multiplex for the flavor symmetry group. So simply we can introduce these parameters by shifting the scalar field in the vector multiplex sigma by the real mass parameter and complex scalar field by, by complex mass parameter with appropriate flavor charges. And for the topological UN symmetry, we can introduce the pi parameters. We can again turn on the three pi parameters. We have the real pi parameter and complex pi parameter. They appear in the momentum constraint. So it's like shift of the momentum by constant failure TR and TC. We can also turn on, we can further turn on another deformation of the theory. We can turn on the omega deformation introduced by Negrasso for the UN angular rotation along the two plane. So this omega deformation can be easily introduced by shifting the complex scalar field in the vector multiplex by the reductive along the rotation. And with the parameter epsilon, epsilon is the omega deformation parameter. And in order to preserve the symmetry, we have a twist to this UN Lorentz rotation with the UN patterns of the Higgs-Brandt rotation. So the omega deformation is introduced by this combination of, shift of this combination for this scalar field in the vector multiplex. In our setting, we'll turn on the complex mass parameter and real mass parameter. So we'll basically break the equal symmetry to n equal two. So now we can talk about the chiral operators. And later when I discuss the Cologne-Brandt geometry, I'll just focus on the chiral ring vectors of the Cologne-Brandt. So let's discuss about the Cologne-Brandt. Okay. First example is the simplest one, Abellion theory. For Abellion theory, we know the exact geometry of the Cologne-Brandt. It's basically, we can construct the monopro operator using the elementary local field. And also the UN Abellion gauge field can be dualized to a local field. It's periodic scalar field A, which we call as dual photons. So the Abellion gauge field can be dualized into a scalar field with these relations. So this scalar field, oh, sorry. This scalar field is a periodic. And periodicity is given by the gauge coupling. Using this scalar field, and the scalar field in the back of the plate, we can construct the monopro operator in this way. This is the monopro operator with your topological charge plus or minus one. This operator carries your topological charge because basically the charge of the your topological symmetry is given by the flow, integration of the flow. So it is encoded in this periodic scalar as a shift symmetry. So if you look at this operator, this operator will carry the charge one or minus one for the your topological charge. And it is known that this operator belongs to the n equals pi times multiple. And involving this monopro operator, actually the classical Krillin branch is simply given by this relation. It's parametrized by the scalar field in the back of the plate. We have the, for UN theory, we have one back complex scalar field by. And also we have the monopro operators. They parametrized the Krillin branch with this relation. Classical in V plus one, V plus and V minus, they have inverse relation. So this classical Krillin branch is basically R three times S one, parametrized by the pi, sigma, and periodic scalar a. But this classical Krillin branch is modified by the Wonder Correction. And if we carefully compute the Wonder Correction, for example, for NF fundamental hyper-multi-plane, the exact Krillin branch is given by the scalar field in the back of the plate and monopro operators with this relation. And this geometry is a famous geometry called the A and singularity. For NF flavors, we have a F minus one singularity, but this geometry is deformed by the complex mass parameters. And indeed, this space is a hyper-calor as you expect from the specimen. So Abellion theory, we know how to compute the Krillin branch geometry exactly. Later, I will re-derive this relation using our approach. That would be the simplicity example which you can apply our methods and extract the Wonder Correction Krillin branch. However, for Nanabellion theory, it's more complicated. Nanabellion Krillin branch is still parametrized by the scalar field in the back of the plate and also monopro operators. However, we don't know how to de-align the Nanabellion gauge field like the previous example. Here, we knew how to de-align this gauge field and how to write down the monopro operators using elementary fields. But for Nanabellion theory, we don't know. However, on the genetic point, on the Krillin branch, where the scalar field phi takes the Nanjero vacuum expectation value, the Nanabellion theory will be broken to the its Abellion server group. So in the infrared, if we integrate out all the massive W-versions and charged matters, then infrared geometry simply becomes Abellion theory. Infrared theory simply becomes Abellion theory. So in the infrared, we can de-align the infrared gauge field and construct the monopro operator using its dual photon field A like this. So with a magnetic charge N, the monopro operator in the infrared can be written in this way. So in the infrared, the classical Krillin branch geometry is simply given by product of R3 times S1 divided by five groups. This description is reliable far along the Krillin branch when the scalar field phi takes Nanjero vacuum expectation value. However, it breaks down around the origin of the Krillin branch because of the quantum effect by the massless W-version and also the Nanabellion gauge symmetry is restored. So at the origin of the Krillin branch, in general it's very hard to study this geometry. So our motivation is to compute the Krillin branch chiral ring, which involves the full quantum correction on the generic point on the Krillin branch. And in order to compute this chiral ring relation, we'll study monopro action on the vortices in the Higgs branch. So it motivates us to study the Higgs branch and vortices more carefully. We'll focus on the UN gauge theory with Nf fundamental hyper-multiplex and we'll turn on the real F5 parameter. Okay. Then the theory with this to the Higgs branch. And Higgs branch is of this theory with the positive F5 parameter is a hypercalous phase. It's known as T-star grass mania and Nf. However, we are interested in the sub-manipold of the Higgs branch where we have the non-trivial vortex solution. Okay. This sub-manipold is called grass mania and Nf parameter by only one single complex color field X. And all other color field on this space should vanish. And each point on this grass mania manifold, we have the BPS vortices. We'll label each point by the letter U and we can find the BPS vortex solution which is satisfied by the following vortex equation. The first two lines are famous vortex equations and the vortex carries non-zero flux on the arc plane, arc plane is here. And flux, this is again localized almost around the origin and it takes exponentially if we go away from the origin. So we can approximate this solution as a particle solution. And also this solution with this to the each vacuum as special in paint. We'll consider this BPS vortex solution. We have a family of these solutions and they form a modular space. It's called the vortex modular space. I label them as M and U for each vacuum. And each complex manifold with a complex dimension N and it's a vortex charge times number of flavors. And this vortex modular space has isometry U1 times SN times NF minus N. This U1G corresponded to the Lorentz rotation around these two planes. And the other isometric group is the symmetry on the hexa branch. So we want to study the modular space of vortices but it's very complicated manifold. So in general it's very hard to compute, hard to study. So to make the problem simpler, we'll turn on the complex mass and also omega deformation parameters. And as I explained, they can be realized by shifting five with their parameters. Then it lifted the hexa branch and it's only finite number of isolated massive vacuum. For our case, the number of the massive vacuum is given by this number. And it's massive vacuum corresponded to the fixed point with respect to the equivalent gauge and flavor rotations. For each vacuum, we can find the vortex solution. And to lift the vortex modular space, we'll also turn on this omega deformation. Then we do this omega deformation vortex modular space will be again localized to the isolated fixed point under this flavor and gauge and also omega deformation rotation. So each fixed point or each fixed vortex stage can be labeled by vortex charge n and also the pavilion is the magnetic charge k. It's considered the n positive integer, positive or zero integer numbers. And there are some corresponded to the total vortex charge. So under omega deformation, we have the discrete vortex solutions with also massive formation. And omega deformation has a very interesting consequence. If you turn on the omega deformation parameter, it provides additional potential proportional to the angular momentum. So all the particles, they are attracted to the region. So effectively, omega deformation compactified our three-dimensional theory to one-dimensional quantum mechanics at the origin. Origin is the fixed point under this, what is it? You want jet rotation or ultra rotations. So instead of studying complicated three-digit theory, we can just focus on the one-dimensional quantum mechanics with the vortex stage. Then you can ask, what is the Hilbert space in this one-dimensional mechanics? And the Hilbert space of this one-dimensional mechanics is simply given by equivalent chronology of the modulite space of the half radius vortex stage. So Hilbert space is defined on each vacuum. So we'll label Hilbert space with the vacuum label u. And it's given by fixed point of the equivalent rotation. But for our case, the fixed point is nothing but the vortex stage labeled by integer number n and collection of integer number k. So our Hilbert space of this one-dimensional quantum mechanics is the collection of the vortex stage. And monopropylator action this vortex space, so it means it action our Hilbert space. Yes? Sorry, but you changed the, Yeah, that's right. It's just a change of the rotation. Yeah, for simple case, it's just bi-rotation, bi-rex-change, bi-permutation. Why is that complicated case if you are? For example, if you consider more generic quiver gauge theory, vacuum structure is more complicated. It's not simply the bi-rex-change, bi-permutation of some symmetry rule. In that case, Hilbert space becomes much more complicated. But in this talk, I'll discuss some simple cases. So let's discuss about the vortex quantum mechanics and the monopropylators. So vortex quantum mechanics has a nice gauge theory description with a monopropylator first. It was obtained by Hananyang Prong using the brain. So they first considered this brain system. It gives the low energy, the three-dimensional U-engaged theory with NF fundamental hypermultiplex. U-engaged theory is living on this ND3 brain and hypermultiplex are provided by this semi-infinite NFD3 brain. We want to study the Higgs branch. So we should turn on the epiparameter now. Epiparameter in this branch is corresponded to the relative distance between NS5 and NS5 prime along seven, eight, nine directions. But here I will turn on just one real epiparameter. So if we turn on the epiparameter, this computation will become this. So now the gauge symmetry that rotates ND3 brain is completely broken. And also the flavor symmetry that rotates NFD3 brain is again broken to the SUN, which rotates the N semi-infinite D3 brain and NF, we have the SUNF minus N flavor symmetry which rotates this set of D3 brains. So this brain configuration agrees with the dynamics on the branch of the 3D gauge theory. Then what is the vortex particles? It was provided by the D1 brain stretched between NS5 prime and ND3 brain. It provides magnetic particles to the 3D gauge theory. So if we want to have the charge N vortex solution, we can introduce ND1 brain. Then Hanai Tom's claim is that the dynamics of this ND1 brain describe the vortex dynamics of the vortices with the charge N. And since we have the brains, we can read off the gauge theory living on the D1 brain which describe the dynamics of the vortex particles in the gauge theory. And we have simple, this picture can be simply generalized into more complicated quiver gauge theories. For example, if we consider triangular quiver theory, they consist of several NS5 brains and number of D3 brain between NS5 brains. And from this brain construction, and we can go to the Higgs branch and again, we can introduce several D1 brains and try to read off the one-dimensional quantum mechanics which describe the vortex dynamics from the brain. So we can easily generate this construction to more complicated cases. And for this simple case, the dynamics of vortices is described by one-dimensional N equal to 2 comma 2 gauge quantum mechanics with this quiver diagram.  First one is B, it's other joint chiral multipliers.   So the symmetry of this quiver gauge theory agrees with the isometry of the vortex motorized space. And Hanayana and Tom conjecture that the Higgs branch of this one-dimensional quiver gauge theory agrees with the motorized space of the vortices as a complex manifold. So it means we can study some topological sector of the vortex motorized space using this one-dimensional quantum mechanical observables. So we'll focus on this one-dimensional quantum mechanics. Then what is the monopropylator in this quantum mechanics? So we'll consider this three-dig configuration. Now we turn on the omega deformation. So all the dynamics is localized at the origin. We have vortex solution here and another vortex solution here. It's interpolated by the monopropylator here. So in this one-dimensional mechanics, remember that the vortex charge is mapped to the rank of the gauge group.  So it turns out that we have natural half-UPS interface in this quantum mechanics. And half-UPS more precisely preserves any closure to the spectrometry. And this spectrometry agrees. Oh, I mean, this quantum mechanics can be obtained from the 2D field theory by Dimensional Reduction. Yeah. Yeah, it's, yeah, yeah, yeah, in one-dimensional, there is no distinction. But this is just an analogy for the 2D field theory. But we have 2D-front-enical theory. We can have one comma one or zero two. They have 2D-front theory. So that's why I give this notation because I want to emphasize it. It preserves different spectrometry. So this spectrometry agrees with the spectrometry preserved by bulk monopropylator and vortex stage. Remember that vortex stage preserves the two comma two spectrometry. And the monopropylator preserves the zero four. So they are intersection preserves only zero two spectrometry. So it agrees with the zero two spectrometry of this interface system. So let me tell you the details. We'll consider a monopropyl interface, which connects m-bottices to m-prime-bottices. Let's first discuss the boundary condition. So the construction can be given by this one to three steps. Firstly, we need to specify the boundary condition for the bulk field. So in this case, we'll choose the Neumann boundary condition for both 1D vector and chiral multiplex. And it turns out that if we choose Neumann boundary condition, it induces n equal zero two, zero dimensional. Again, it's just an analogy, because in zero D, there is no chiral. So it's zero dimensional vector and chiral multiplex at the interface. So we have two systems meeting at the interface. So we have two such vector and chiral multiplex, zero dimensional vector and chiral multiplex at the interface. And we'll combine these two multiplex to some extra zero dimensional degrees of freedom. We'll add additional zero dimensional degrees of freedom psi, which is the chiral multiplex, and gamma eta eta tilde. So we'll introduce three bearing multiplexes.  And also bearing multiplex gamma is bifundamental. And eta is anti-fundamental, eta tilde is fundamental. We'll couple this zero dimensional extra degrees of freedom to the bulk boundary condition through the following superpotentials. In zero D, we have the three bearing multiplexes. So we can introduce different types of superpotentials. In zero two notation, we have j-type and e-type superpotentials. But we will turn off the all e-type superpotential and turn on only j-type superpotential in this way. And we claim that this simple construction gives the interface corresponding to the monopole operator, which interpolates two different multiplex solutions. Then how do you know it? If you look at the ground state of this system with the interface, then actually this interface provides a natural map from the modulite space of n prime vertices to the modulite space of n vertices. So there is an isomorphism between these two modulite space. If we divide this bigger modulite space by the corner of this bifundamental scalar field side, and it is known in mathematics as a HECA correspondent. So in mathematics, this map is called HECA correspondent, appearing in the geometric Langland program for the monopole operator acting on the gauge bundles in the x-ray. So our interface has exactly what we want to have the monopole action in the vortex quantum mechanics. So we claim this interface will realize the monopole operator properly. And now I'll give you another evidence that this interface is correct. So now we have the theory. We can try to compute the partition function. We'll consider the following configuration. So we put the one-dimensional vortex system on the interval between t1 and t2. And we give the boundary condition such that the system reduced to the, oh, sorry. For simplicity, I'll focus on just u1 gauge theory in three dimensions. So at t1, the system will give the boundary condition such that the t1, sorry, the system reduced to the vortex state labeled by n. And at t2, the system reduced to another vortex state with different charge n prime. And we'll interpolate these two vortex states by the interface which I explained in the previous slide. Then, obviously, this partition function will compute some correlation function for this operator with vortex state, n and n prime. And the type of this operator is determined by the vortex state. For example, if we consider n prime equals nk, then, obviously, this interface just connected the same vortex state. So we expect that this interface becomes 1. And it turns out that this interface actually becomes just simple-gauge transformation around this insertion point. And also, if we consider n prime equals n plus 1, we now have the two vortex solutions with different charges. So this operator will become the monopole operator with charge plus 1 in this case. And it turns out that this correlation function or the partition function of this tent can be easily computed using the localization. And this is the result for the simplifying to u1, three-gauge theory case. Here, omega n is the equivalent weight for the fixed point or the inverse of the equivalent volume contribution to the vortex partition function. So for the identity operator, if we plug n prime as n, in this formula, we get the correlation function of this identity operator. It simply becomes one of the equivalent weight at the fixed point. We expect that this correlation function will compute, because always now identity operator will compute the norm of the vortex states. Indeed, one of omega n, omega n is the equivalent weight at the fixed point, is exactly the correct normalization for the vortex states. And for example, if you compute the 3D vortex partition function or three-dimensional partition function lying on the interval, and if you give the Neumann boundary condition for both ends, then the theory effectively becomes two-dimensional theory. And we can compute the vortex partition function. And if we compute this vortex partition function, it's simply the norm of the Neumann boundary condition, then you get this result. And because it's a work of the Neumann boundary condition, we can expect that this partition function should be some of the norm of all the fixed points. So by looking at this relation, you can see this is our correlation function. Correctly compute the contribution of the fixed point to the vortex partition function, which is basically the inverse of the equivalent weight. And we can also compute the correlation function of the monoproprator with charge plus minus 1 by setting n prime equals n plus 1. Then our correlation function will compute these correlation functions, both for v plus and v minus, with charge plus and 1 and minus 1. And actually, we'll compute just these two correlation functions for these two elementary monoproprators. Because for U1, and actually for unitary gauge group, the elementary vortex action is enough to build other complicated vortex actions with different magnetic charges. OK, so this correlation function is enough to capture all the monopole actions on the vortex stage. And we can actually construct the Flung Branch algebra using only this correlation function. So let's compute the monopole action and also Flung Branch algebra from the correlation function condition. We know that we expect that monopole operator v will bring one vortex state to the other vortex state with charge plus 1. And also, we expect that monopole operator with charge minus 1 brings vortex state to another vortex state with charge minus 1. So we expect that this relation holds up to some unknown coefficient of c plus and c minus. And we can easily compute this unknown coefficient from our correlation functions. If you send it the final state from this relation here and here, then you can easily compute c plus becomes a simple ratio of the correlation function. And similarly, c minus is again given by ratio of the correlation function. So we can explicitly compute the monopole action using our correlation function. This is the exact result because we computed it using the localization. And furthermore, the 3D scalar field in the vector multiply, it takes an angelic vacuum expectation value when you act it on the vortex stage. So in the 3D theory, we have this coupling, phi and, for example, x. Actually, the hypermultiple scalar field and phi, the complex scalar field in the vector multiply. After deformation, it's deformed in this way, plus m i plus epsilon del g. So vacuum solution should solve this equation. And with the vortex charge n, x is a degree n polynomial. So you can see phi solves this equation if phi takes this. So bulk scalar field takes this expectation value when you act it on the vortex stage. So by combining these actions of the Cologne branch generators, it can be summarized in this way. So the monopole operator v acts on the vortex stage with this coefficient. And this coefficient is simply the degree nx polynomial of x graded by the mass parameter m. And v minus acts on the vortex stage, but it brings just to the vortex stage with charge minus. So this is the exact monopole action we computed using correlation function. And from this action, it's very easy to compute the Cologne branch generator. But firstly, I'll add one more comment. As you see, the Hilbert space, they are just collections of the vortex stage, is generated by acting monopole operators repeatedly. So all the state in the Hilbert space can be generated from the vacuum state by acting the monopole operator with charge 1. So it means our Hilbert space is the highest way for my model of the Cologne branch algebra. And what is the Cologne branch algebra? It's easy. From the monopole action, you can easily derive this Cologne branch algebra. And now the operators don't commute to each other. For example, v plus, v minus is not the same as v minus and v plus. So our Cologne branch algebra is quantized with Planck constant proportional to epsilon. So our epsilon parameter, which corresponds to the omega deformation parameter, quantized our Cologne branch algebra. And it has name. It's a spary-carbational challenge in your algebra. Can we go ahead and just run through it? Yes. It's for rank 1. I'll give you any rank in the next slide. I have more complicated solutions. But in this talk, I'll just discuss the 3D gauge theory with one gauge node, but rank 1. This case is rank 1. So we computed the complicated Cologne branch algebra using the correlation function and the vortex quantum mechanics with the interface. And if you send the epsilon to zero limit, then this relation is nothing but the Cologne branch geometry we computed using the one computation. So it reproduces our expected Cologne branch geometry. And the reason why we get the non-competitive algebra is very simple. So before we introduce omega deformation parameters, the Cologne branch operator, they can move around freely. So they can exchange their position arbitrary freely. So their algebra becomes commutative. But if you turn on the omega deformation, then because of the extra potential of this omega deformation, all the operators should be aligned along the flux line or the origin. So if you want to exchange their position, then they should hit each other. There is no way, because they are aligned on the flux line. They should hit each other, and they encounter the singularity. It means that their algebra becomes non-competitive. And also our correlation function captures this non-competitive activity of the Cologne branch algebra. Yes, yeah, yeah. It's a branch. Yeah, it's a bit. Yeah, in the. Is there a guarantee that the Cologne branch operator, they are defined in UV? So they don't care about the vacuum structure. So this structure should hold for the other vacuum and any other vacuum. Well, it's just that the Cologne branch operator has a coupling function. That's right, but we just derived the Cologne branch chiral ring. So chiral ring doesn't depend on the gauge coupling, OK? That's why we could compute it. Well, I think. So this is the approach to work for Cologne, but you can't compute all the same. No, no, no, no. As I explained, this one can capture only a whole big part of this Cologne branch geometry, not the details. So lastly, let me give you the more general example. We'll now consider UN gauge theory in bulk 3D gauge theory. So now we have the vortex state, labeled by the vortex charge N, and also abelianized magnetic charge K with N-sets. Then the monoproloperator we have again, the elementary monoproloperator we have, it's again N monoproloperator. And they act on this vortex state, and it increases the eighth element of this K-sets by 1 with up to this coefficient. And similarly, monoproloperator with charge minus 1 at I-s, can I note, not note, I-s element will decrease the I-s element of the K-integers, N-integers, up to this coefficient. And again, the vector-multiplaced color field takes non-zero vacuum expectation value at the fixed point. And this algebra was computed again using the correlation function, or the partition function of the 1-dissident with the interface. So we can compute the exact monoproloperator action on the state using our correlation function. And from these actions, you can easily derive the Cologne branch algebra. Again, it's quantized, V plus and V minus, they don't come in by the epsilon element. And if you take the epsilon to general limit, then this algebra actually reproduced the conjectured algebra by these people, Blimo, Timothen, Gaillot. So for the general case, we can again compute the Cologne branch algebra using our quantum mechanics with the interface and each partition function. Let me conclude. So we tried to compute the exact Cologne branch algebra using correlation function computation. To do that, we constructed the monoproloperators in the one-dimensional quantum mechanics and computed each correlation function. And it allows us to compute the exact Cologne branch Gaillot ring. And our work can be easily generalized to more general cases. In our paper, we also computed Cologne branch algebra and monoprolections for the triangular cubic edge theory, which appears as the theory living on the defect of the 4D gauge theory, sorry, surface defect. And if you compute the Cologne branch algebra, it turns out that it's simply, it's nothing but the finite WN algebra. And this computation also explains the finite AGT correspondence appearing in the 4D gauge theory with the surface defect. And also, as I explained at the beginning, we computed the same Cologne branch algebra using a completely different approach called modulite matrix approach. It's like this approach is basically solving the vortex solution using the Cologne beam matrix called modulite matrix. And the monoprolector acts on this modulite matrix as a column of big singular gauge transformation. And we can compute each action using similar localization. But these two approaches are completely different. And their result, of course, are greater. So in our paper, we proposed a two different approach for the monoprolectors and the Cologne branch Caillot ring. And you can also consider the following generalization. You can consider general unitary quiver gauge theory. So the Cologne branch algebra of general unitary quiver gauge theory was proposed by these people. Actually, our computation just confirms some part of this general unitary quiver gauge theory. For example, for triangular and also linear abelian quiver theory. But we have more complicated theory. But complicated theory, they have very complicated vacuum structure. So in general, we don't have the general prescription how to construct the vortex quantum mechanics and also the interface yet. But it would be very nice if we can give some general prescription for it. And we can also consider hydromanage generalization. For example, in 4D, this operator will become a tuft operator. And in 5D, it will become a monoprolectoring operator. So we can try to apply our method to compute these non-trivial defect operators in high dimensions and their non-trivial algebra between these operators. And we can also try to consider the generalization to the theory with less sparsimetry, for example, n equals 3 and n equals 2 theories. But at this moment, I don't know how to do it. And also, extension to other gauge groups would be interesting. But problem is for other gauge groups, for example, SO and SP gauge groups, we don't have F5 parameter and we don't have VOTAC. So our method actually uses the Higgs branch and the vortex stage and the monoprolections and the vortex stage. So this method cannot be applied. But probably, this modeling methods approach can be applied to get the exact chiral ring for the other gauge groups. Let me stop here.


You were also showing me a comic you have earlier that a lot of people are going to drool over. Of course this is comic again so naturally we can't have a show without showcasing at least one comic. And what Billy has here is the first comic book appearance of Harley Quinn from the Batman Adventures comic book. And I've got the photo to go with it. This is the comic book which was based on Batman the Animated Series but this is actually the first Harley Quinn in comic book form. And this is the animated series Harley Quinn that goes with it as well. And how much would you say this comic right here is worth right now? For me it's fine. But it's the comic comic box edition from Wizard World. Graded it's about 12, 1250 for it. Role like this is about 700 maybe. I haven't really looked it up because if I do anything with it I'm going to sort of be graded and then I'm going to keep it even more. Right. Let's show a little bit closer look at that. Yeah. Claire. Yeah. Evil. The lights I brought with me. The cool thing about this is I actually found this on eBay. Guess how much I paid for it? Three bucks. A little more than that. Five. 25. Nice. $25 for it. And actually the guy was really cool when he shipped it in this hard case like this. So it saved it from a lot of damage. That could happen.


The Cube at EMC World 2014 is brought to you by EMC. Redefine VCE, innovating the world's first converged infrastructure solution for private cloud computing. Brocade, say goodbye to the status quo and hello to brocade. Okay, welcome back everyone here live in Las Vegas for EMC World 2014. I was going to say VMworld because we're the CEO of VMworld here. I'm John Furrier, founder of SiliconANGLE, Dave Vellante, my co-host. Here with Pat Gelsinger, Cube alumni, friend of the Cube. It's our fifth season. We opened up at EMC World 2010 in Boston. Pat was on the Cube then and we had just had a great time ever since. Pat, welcome back to the Cube. Just got off the plane from Istanbul. How do you feel? I feel a little bit jet-like to tell you the truth. So it's been a long, long day. Okay, we'll get a lot of information out of you then. So first I want to ask you about the DSSD acquisition. Obviously you've known Andy for a while. What does that all mean for the industry software at the center of the value proposition? Is the hardware and compute going to be this abundant resource that no one ever sees? What's your take on all of this? Well, I think, you know, first, I think of Andy as like the rembrandt of hardware design, right? You know, he's just done all of the amazing system design work in the industry for many years. You know, he's been a friend for many years and just great, great respect for him individually. Obviously, DSSD is doing some great work because, you know, I think it's going to prove to be a critical technology in the entire converged infrastructure space. And clearly this high performance flash capacity is going to be a game changer for what you're able to do in the rack. And obviously with Bill's participation from SAP, they see it as a very, very critical capability for in-memory environments and some of the data analytics that they want to do. So I think this is a bold move by EMC. I was fully supportive of it and I think it's going to yield very, very powerful hardware for software to take advantage of. How much do they bring you in on a deal like that and consult with you? Is it intimate? Hey, Pat, we need your advice. Well, I sit in the board meetings. I sit in the M&A meetings and I've known Andy for 10 decades. Okay, great. So it wasn't just a cursory glance. You were a little bit more than that. It's been in the works for a while, so we've been fine. We'll get more information. We'll be digging for all of the sources. I want to talk about cloud. I'll see you in the last time we're at VMworld. We talked about the cloud. I said, hey, is hybrid cloud really going to be the destination? You're like, what are you talking about? It's going to be the destination. It is the hybrid cloud. It is the way. Here at EMC world, you hear Joe Tucci up there, even using the words AWS, disruption. Amazon is clearly on the radar. Public cloud is still out there as a viable alternative. And the words like reinvent, which is the conference name for Amazon, redefine is this conference. It's okay to have Amazon out there, but hybrid's cloud is still the deal with containers and whatnot. I mean, has the hybrid cloud narrative changed for you? Amplified, straight and narrow, full pedals of the metal? Yeah, no, we are absolutely convinced hybrid is the answer. And maybe start with a few facts. I mean, it's always good to ground ourselves in a little bit of data. And today, on-premise is 92% of IT spent. So 8% is in the cloud, as, say, as, pay us. So you sort of say, wow, right? And predictions would say by 2020, it's 75% on-premise, 25% in the public cloud. So you look at that and say, boy, you know, even just from a spend perspective, it's going to be hybrid. And then you look at facts like security, privacy, governance, SLAs, liability, cost, performance, all of those things will keep people on-premise. So it's clearly a hybrid world, right? Where it is the on and off-premise. And we've clearly seen that as we've laid out this positioning of hybrid, the industry is following us. We're seeing Amazon talk about it. We're seeing Microsoft talk about it. We're seeing Google talk about it. All the other big cloud players are saying, yeah, you know, VMware got it right. Hybrid is the answer. It seems like all the territory is being claimed now. It's like we're almost seeing a, almost a, not bubble burst. You're seeing Box pull their S1, obviously their economic of buying customers isn't working. So obviously they have to pull back from there. You're seeing some other companies get massive valuations that aren't publicly traded. Yeah, there's really kind of no really market there. And then other companies in the flash market, such as NIO, Violent Memory kind of sub valuations, well below, but the container technology. So I got to ask you about some of the new stuff that you're seeing. One, valuations and also the new containers. We heard Docker is really hot right now. What do you make sense of the containers in particular? Well, on the first of the valuations, I mean, clearly the PEs of these very high growth, you know, early stage, not money making companies were just out of control. And I had commented on that before at the Wall Street Journal CIO event that they were just way out of range. And it's good to see those coming into more reasonable ranges now. And I think that will wash through the entire industry because there was this mini bubble of just crazy PEs. You know, and with respect to Docker and some of the other container technologies, you know, the clearly is enthusiasm around some of the lightweight, stateless mechanisms. But what I'll point out is that there have been different container approaches over the last 30 years. And the only one that has had sustained architectural influence and investment has been the VM. And our effort is continuing to pound the overhead, continue to add value, security, networking, management, you know, all the things that we've been able to build around that's idea of the VM container.  I mean, it's just another management model for a lightweight deployment of stateless apps. So, John and I have been thinking about, you know, Joe's waves, right? And we think, okay, this next wave that we're in, what's different about this wave? You've laid out a $50 billion TAM, you just talked about how much of that the public cloud's going to get. I wonder if we could make an observation to get your feedback on it. The economics of cloud, they start to look, so you've got software economics, 90% gross margins, hardware, you know, the economics at volume, the marginal economics we're talking about, you know, aren't as attractive, but they're still good, and then services is negative, you know, but diseconomies of scale, if you will. It seems like in the cloud that online cloud services are now taking shape the same way software is. So, at volume, you're getting software-like economics. So the question is, how does VMware and VMware, you know, a cloud, a VCloud hybrid service get to that scale and that volume so that you could participate in that? So first of all, is it a reasonable premise to note? And can you get to that scale and how do you get to that scale? Yeah, and you'll see it a little bit in my keynote tomorrow. I'll talk about this a little bit more. One is, you know, we're investing, we're growing very rapidly as we expand the number of presences in the U.S. You know, second, we're very aggressively partnering and we announced our first partnership with Savage, you'll see us announce other partnerships like that, that we're going to leverage their capital as well, right, and who invests the most in capital of any industry in the world? Service providers, right? They blow away everybody else, so partnering with them. The other view of that would be with VCHS is that we also have our VSPP program where, you know, I'll give some of the stats in the keynote tomorrow, but we have an overwhelming, right, breadth for those VSPP partners that already has us very much at scale as one of the largest clouds, not just what we do, but through this broad range of partnerships that we form. So overall, you know, we have a very powerful strategy when you add up all of those and given our business model of software and services, you know, it's very unique and combine that with the statistics I was giving you of on and off premise and the private cloud, you know, 40 million VMs, 500,000 customers, you know, we bring a lot to the table. I want to talk about AirWatch.  So, talk about the importance of AirWatch, you know, where it fits into the end user computing strategy and what gives you excitement about AirWatch? Well, you know, I think one is in the whole end user computing space, two years ago, people viewed it like, VMware had a hobby, right? You know, hey, we're selling these for air and hey, you know, throw in some of this. Throw in some of this. Well, you know, hiring Sanjay, rebuilding the leadership team, investing in our end user computing sales force and now the AirWatch acquisition, everybody realizes this ain't a hobby anymore. We are taking this space very, very seriously and really redefining the industry quite rapidly with the breadth of what we've done with Horizon 6 plus the inorganic move with AirWatch. You know, we are here to win in this space and taking shares substantially from Citrix and others in the category. You know, secondly, and as part of the whole secular shift, not just the cloud, but it's the mobile cloud era. So it's to redefine and deliver that PC experience, but it's also uniquely, right, to enable the secure managed experience for all the mobile devices as well. And that's where AirWatch is clearly, you know, tearing up the track and you know, we believe it's separating from the rest of the industry players as that leader and really gives us the unrivaled portfolio of assets now. Pat, talk about the, obviously the compute trend is moving through the data center. You're seeing the commoditization now. The data centers want to do the same way. You've talked about that publicly. So with the software to find enterprises, Joe Tucci calls it, we've called it the software to find data center. How does that change from your standpoint, from a focus standpoint?  You're building a, you know, a business got a tan expansion strategy, aggressively investing. You have an ecosystem that you kind of had from your hobby days. Now you're kind of nurturing it and expanding it. What is the focus? And from a software to find perspective, what is that focus specifically? And how do you keep your troops marching to the cadence of that focus? Yeah. Well, we laid out our three areas for VMware. Over a year ago, we said we're going to do three things, software to find data center, virtualize the whole data center, second to the hybrid cloud, this on and off premise, and then go from the data center to the device, PCs and mobile devices. You know, with what we've done, we have all the pieces in place now, the acquisitions are all in place, the execution and that consistency that we've laid out now for almost a year and a half, you know, has really resonated both internally to my teams, you know, to our sales teams, to our customers and our partners as well. And they get it. You know, that consistency has really gotten us more and more momentum. We're seeing all of those elements, you know, really firing at all cylinders at this point. So I saw the news that Gould is no longer involved, kind of, he was kind of, because he's now the CEO of EMC2, you're the free captain of VMware and the Federation of the ship. What is that like for you now? And what are you tapping into the Federation? What is pure VMware? Can you just kind of square that up in terms of obviously VMware? What do you tap to the Federation? What do you have available to you? Sure, sure.   Right? You okay, Joe? Yeah, I'm okay. Good, done. Shareholders meeting finished. You know, some of those things are just elegant. I mean, quickly, right? You know, we can get things done. That's what you are like John and Dave. And, you know, at the same time, you know, we're accountable to the street for all the financial metrics, all the things that you want to be accountable to public shareholders for.  We're better aligning ourselves in global accounts where both of us are present. So we get the leverage of both sales teams and the capacity that we have. You're seeing some of the solutions work that we're doing. Moving pivotal assets recently, right? Yeah, right, you know, moving things around. You know, best position things for the different players as customers are seeing that. You know, in aligning those assets between us.  This is how the VMware assets work with the EMC assets and we're going to leverage each other as we go forward. But as we say, you know, the Federation motto is strategically aligned, right?  So continuing to be able to go partner, right? With others in the industry to facilitate that flexible ecosystem. I want to ask you about Silicon Valley, right? So, honestly, you have a great campus VMware. I mean, it's one of the most beautiful campuses in Silicon Valley. Well done. It fits into the hillside there. One of my favorite areas. But as you guys go global, Silicon Valley is also going global. And there's also kind of like a, I'm going to say bubble-ish environment out there right now. Valuation, we just talked about out of control. Silicon Valley's changing. What's your take of the current state of Silicon Valley in terms of the innovation? I know you're going to be talking with Stanford University and Mark Andresen coming up on a panel. Has it changed over the past few years and does it still have that innovation? And does it bring it back? And all the cycles change? What's your take on Silicon Valley? Well, we're going to have a nice campus opening, you know, beautiful VMware campus. We're going to have a little party. I don't know, is the Cube invited? Yeah, we are. Okay, I hope so, I hope so. We just get to be like, yeah, yeah. So we're going to have a ribbon-cutting ceremony and that's going to be great. And Mark is going to be there. John Hennessey, my thesis advisor, now the president of Stanford's going to be there. Joe, the board. So we're going to have a great event talking about that exact question, right? And really talking about the future of the Valley. Unquestionably today, it remains the hottest bed of innovation anywhere in the world. But I think you always look at that and say, you know, the recipe is still there as you look to the future. And, you know, competition for labor is intense. You know, tax rates, you know, people move out of the Valley because of those. The gentrification of San Francisco, big discussion. Yeah, right, you know, Toyota just moved to Texas. I mean, there's always this, you know, do you still have that recipe, right? Nowhere else is even close to the Valley in that today. And you see that in your travels? Oh, absolutely, absolutely. But every place in the world says, I want to be like the Valley, right? Every place in the world is saying, what do I need to do to create that same recipe? You know, whether that's Bangalore or whether that's Beijing or Shenzhen, right? Or whether that's Israel or, you know, many spots in the world. Well, Silicon Valley, export that knowledge and is that a good thing?  You know, it's just bubbling cauldron. But there's something special about the Valley that it's been able to maintain now for, you know, three decades and it doesn't look like it's coming to an end in the future. Hey, Chuck Hollis is pretty excited about V-San. Are you as excited? Well, I'm very excited about V-San. Why? Why are you so excited? And what does it all mean to you?  Which, you know, is the heart of our customer base, you say, check, find me local disk. Check, provision local disk. Well, I've just done storage, right? It's powerful, it is, you know, amazingly simple and gives great performance and it redefines the hot edge, right? For, you know, for virtual storage, a new tier of storage. So we're very excited about it. Certainly doesn't replace all of storage, but it gives a new tier, a new capacity that for a virtual Admin is just perfect. Is that new tier incremental? I mean, it must replace some storage, right? I mean, conceptually, it's... Right, you know, I mean, the good news is storage continues to grow, right? You know, it's one of the areas of IT that just continues to grow as capacity grows and application demands take. And of course, there's going to be some trade-offs at some places and we do see lower capacity, lower end of the market, test dev, you know, some VDI use cases, DR use cases, where hey, people might trade it off versus other alternatives. Good news for EMC, obviously. They're mostly upmarket, right? It's where their strength is. But we're very excited about VSAN and really see it as a critical new component of the VMware family. That extreme IO acquisition you made seems to be working out okay. You're happy about that, right? Yes, yeah, yeah. Not that you spent tons of time on extreme IO these days, but you made that acquisition. Yeah, no, a lot of the acquisitions I did at EMC, we're doing just fine. You know, and I cheer my team on back there when I meet them, it's like, oh, why did that one slip? So let's talk about the dream team. We were talking earlier, the dream team is now kind of spread thin, running their own little ships, if you will, in the Federation. But back when in 2010, we started doing theCUBE, we were all kind of under one roof, and we kind of said, hey, you got to get the meat on the bone. We talked about it on theCUBE, hey, the product portfolio is in transition. You talked about some of the acquisitions. Looking back, what are you most proud of for the team, not just yourself, but the group, what you guys meant? Some of those calls that might have been on the fence, what were some of the highlights you looked back and then where you are today? Well, you think about some of the key decisions that we made, and we did green pump. That's now in the center of Pivotal. Now, we did Isilon, that's performed extremely well. We have done the data domain, and clearly the whole backup space has performed very well. We've also laid some of the seeds for the future, right? Like ExtremeIO, like Viper, were done when I was there. So all of these things, it's done well. EMC has gained significant share since I joined, and they have the tools to really be positioned to help go through this next phase of the transition. And obviously, under David and his team's leadership, the industry remains in transition, and that's still affecting EMC, and they're having to carefully navigate that next phase. And I think you've heard a lot from him today. We love pulling the sound bites out. I have a quote here from 132 days ago from you, but I don't want to talk about that now, but the quote that we had on theCUBE, you said is that if you don't get out in front of that next wave, you'll be driftwood. Joe Tucci said today, if you don't take an offensive approach with this platform, you're going to wither away. So let's talk about that, getting out in front of that next wave. In your mind, share with the folks out there in your own words. Why is this point in time so important from an industry perspective? You've seen in movies before. You've seen the massive inflection points. You've seen Moore's Law at full tilt. Try to compare where we are today from a relevance and making sense of the excitement and controversy opportunity. Well, we are, as we would say, as we're going from client server to mobile cloud, this will be tectonic shifts and the amount that's going to shift to cloud, the amount that's going to shift away from PCs to mobile devices in the industry and all the vendors that have their value propositions tied to a hardware defined approach, guess what? That's going to be a secular decline where people are going to be competing for premise-based revenue that way and in the environment that's going to be flat to down and there's going to be no possibility of growth and you look at what's happened, consecutive quarters at IBM, for instance, boy, they're feeling the pain of this transition and the cloud transition, it's barely underway. And mobile is just scratching the surface. Yeah, so these trends are just about to get started. The analogy I'll give in my keynote tomorrow is 1989 and we're Digital Equipment Corporation and over the next seven years, guess what? Right, the entire business is going to shift. Pat, guess, it's always great to have you on theCUBE. Just any final parting words about what you're going to work on through this week, some things you're highlighting, customer events, us, your keynote, what do you expect to see here at EMC World this week? Well, you know, EMC World's a great place and just feel incredibly embraced and you know, our partners at EMC and just happy that they give me the opportunity to address the audience here. That's always a great joy and it is this period of extraordinary transition and everybody here, right, as the conferences has to redefine themselves on the other side of these tectonic shifts that are underway and you know, EMC is, you know, doing that and they're, you know, to all of their partners and customers saying, here's what you need to do to go with us in that journey. August, right around the corner, Pat. Pat Gelsinger, Inside the Cube. You're 25,000 of my closest friends.  We love talking with you and we'll see you at your event. We're going to be actually attending the ribbon conference ceremony. I was talking to the folks about getting the cube there, going back and forth, but we'll get it done. Pat Gelsinger, Inside the Cube, the CEO of VMware, friend of the Cube, we'd love having you on. We'll be right back after this short break. Pat, good to see you. Good to see you.


Good morning everyone. I'm sorry we had a technical hitch here. Sorry that I couldn't come on as soon as I was asked. The Honourable Minister of Finance, Budget and National Planning, Mrs. Zainab Ahmed. The Minister of State for Budget and National Planning, Prince Clement Agbar. The National Conveno of Nigeria Food Systems Summit Dialogue and Permanent Secretary of Ministry of Budget and National Planning, Mrs. Ulushalai Dou. United Nations Resident Coordinator, Mr. Agbar Kalan. The Representative of Bilateral Donals and Health Advisor, FCDO Nigeria, Mr. Diego Moroso. Paper presenters, honoured guests, participants, ladies and gentlemen. I am most delighted to be with you this morning for this very crucial dialogue on the Nigeria Food System in collaboration with the United Nations to raise global awareness and shape global commitments towards mobilising food systems to address hunger, reduce dietary-related diseases and strengthen plenary health. The Secretary General of the United Nations deserves our commendation for this proactive initiative, especially its importance in urgently achieving the sustainable development goals. I am told that the plan is for each member state to organise three dialogues, an inception dialogue and exploratory dialogue and a consolidatory dialogue. The inception dialogue, which is this event, is designed to take place at the national level, while the exploratory dialogue will be at the state level. The obvious wisdom is to make this process as inclusive and as participatory as possible, and I am keenly interested in ensuring that this is the case. The issue of developing a sustainable food system has never been more urgent and more existential. In our case, perhaps more so than in many other countries. Why? We are faced with the population growth that exceeds growth figures handsomely. Poverty has deepened, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic fallout. Manutrition and unhealthy dietary practices create unique threats to health and productivity for generation after generation. So it is a significant challenge to produce enough food for a rapidly growing population, especially given the changes required in modernisation of farming practices, mechanisation and reduction of post harvest losses, etc. But there are also questions around ensuring environmentally sustainable production practices, creating empowering jobs and livelihoods and building capacities to ensure sustainable and healthy food systems. Now these issues require expertise and experience, but also the views of those who will literally be at the receiving end of these plans. In other words, at these dialogues, we don't just want to hear only the experts, we want to hear those who are at the receiving end. In other words, for whom all of these plans are being made, the people of the country, or across all strata of society. Now this brings me to the matter of ensuring that these dialogues are accessible to all, meaning that they do not become, as I said, one for experts, essentially just talking shop. In my conversations with my advisors on agriculture and nutrition, I was saying to them how notoriously technical some of the material on food systems and nutrition can be. So I think our experts have to help us here, if we are to convoke a truly national and inclusive dialogue on these important issues. I think first, even the five tracks of the five objectives of the dialogues need to be broken down further, a more accessible language used. And secondly, we should identify the key issues by presenting simple questions that the average non-technical person can contribute to. Let me take one issue as an example. What does sustainable consumption mean? This is one of the objectives or one of the five tracks. What does sustainable consumption mean? And what is its relevance in this dialogue? So sustainable food consumption or environmentally sustainable food consumption has been defined by, I think it was at the Oslo conference, as the use of food products that respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life, while minimizing the use of natural resources, toxic materials, and a mission of waste and pollutants over the life cycle, so as not to jeopardize the needs of future generations. In other words, the food we produce and eat, how we produce and how we cook, how we eat should be environmentally friendly and not destroy the environment for future generations. Now that seems simple enough. Aside from the inherent difficulties of recommending dietary changes, which is habit-forming, and for most people, there are tough questions about what practices make sense in a high income country and what will make sense in a less developed country. So we know, for example, that reduction in meat consumption is recommended as environmentally friendly. But in low income countries, such as ours, where there is less than nutritionally acceptable micronutrient consumption, that is, our people eat less meat because it's costly, we actually need to make meat products cheaper. So there are also issues about how we cook. So just back to that point. So in a high income country, it may make sense to talk about reducing meat products and reducing meat consumption for environmental purposes. But in a low income country, such as ours, where we find that protein micronutrients are in short supply in our diets. Obviously, we should be looking at increasing meat products. Now, for me, I think that some of these issues are nuanced and we really need to take a closer look, especially at these dialogues, so that our conversations are reflective of the issues that concern us as a nation, as a people, and especially as a developing country. There are also issues about how we cook. So the vast majority of our people in the hinterlands still use firewood and even in urban areas, a lot of kerosene, which is, and all of these, of course, I know now for environmentally friendly practices. So we must transition to gas and to LPG. And of course, this sort of transition has its own implications, has its own economic implications. But this is the direction that we must go. So these sorts of conversations are important. In other words, we cannot talk about cooking, which, of course, is a fundamental part of our food systems and how food finally ends up on our tables, without talking about the transition to gas, the transition to using LPG and other more environmentally friendly fuel sources. But even as we debate those issues, we must bear in mind that somewhere else debates are going on about defunding gas projects.  So we have to take all of these issues into account, especially because we are debating issues in the international community. We are contributing to a global conversation. And it's so important that the nuances of our own society, the nuances of our own, of our own situation are introduced into this conversation so that the conversation is richer, fairer, and more just for our people. I think we must also make it clear that this summit is about the entire chain from farm to table and all that is in between, including retailers, food processors, technology providers, and financial institutions. All of these sectors are involved in this, in the chain. And so they are relevant, they are relevant in this summit. And all of their views have to be brought to the table. And all of this shows the interrelatedness. And we need to demonstrate this to show the interrelatedness of each part of the chain and how the weak links affect all else. This will be an important consideration in making this dialogue as accessible and as inclusive as possible. The inception dialogue, this dialogue, is the first in the series of dialogues. And I must commend the national convener, Mrs. Ulyusha Laidu and her team, all the partners and the UN agencies who have supported in organizing the series of dialogues. Your work is of great consequence because it affects us all and will determine the shape of the future. So I wish you all a very, very happy and fruitful deliberations. And we're all looking forward, excitedly, to the results of these dialogues. Thank you very much. God bless you.


It's actually the guns, the ball comes over. Shaves, oh my word! Shaves! Fatima has come from the dead. No doubt, matter the match, has to be Michael Shaves. We'll have to change that now. No doubt.  The cross came from the guns, and Shaves got up above everybody and headed the ball into the back of the net. Is it, let me see. Is it Trestree? I thought it was Shaves. Let's have a look. Is it Trestree? It was not Shaves, it was Trestree.


About two months ago, I made a video about the Gemini protocol, which is an alternative internet protocol. It's an alternative to HTTP, the modern web protocol. And what I really love about Gemini is it's for the most part just plain text. It really reminds me of the early web because the modern web, I can't stand. The modern web is just slow and bloated and it's not even fun. Like I hate browsing the web now. Like if I just open a browser and start searching through just random web pages I've never been to before, you know, back in the 1990s, that was fun. That was exciting.  It's all corporate dominated and it's all driven by ads. It's just ads everywhere, JavaScript everywhere, images and multimedia that's auto start playing in the browser and it's just a mess. Back in the 1990s, it was for the most part just plain text because our internet speeds were so bad in the early days of the web, nobody really used images and video was unheard of. You wouldn't put a video on a website back in the 90s. For the most part, it was strictly plain text and it was exciting because it wasn't all driven by ad revenue back then. So other than just big corporations, you actually had normal people like you and me building their own websites and, you know, putting their thoughts onto the web and it was a much more interesting web. And Gemini kind of brings back that interest, that excitement, that new car smell that the early web had. Gemini kind of reminds me of that. Let me open my browser here and let me zoom in. Let's open up distro.tube and this is my Gemini capsule. If you guys want to check it out, of course, you need a Gemini client and then you need to navigate to gemini colon slash slash distro.tube. And I've been working on my Gemini capsule for the last couple of months. I've been keeping it up to date and I've been exploring other people's Gemini capsules and I really like the Gemini space. Again, it's a friendlier place because no one makes money using the Gemini protocol. The fact that JavaScript is not possible in Gemini means there's no ads and there's no ad networks at all. It would be very difficult for somebody to monetize a Gemini capsule and that really gets rid of all the corporate BS that nominates the modern web. And one of the things I love about setting up these Gemini capsules is it's so simple. Anyone can do it. You don't really have to have this in-depth knowledge of HTML and CSS and MySQL databases. You don't need to know how to configure the Apache web server or the Engine X web server. Let me open up my DOOM Emacs here and let me navigate to where I have the source code here on my system for distro.tube. And let me open up my index.gmi. This is actually the home page you guys saw in the M4a Gemini client here, which is a terminal Gemini client. That is M4a displaying my Gemini index page. And this is what the index page looks like in plain text. So it's almost exactly the same, right, other than, you know, instead of having these numbers, which are the numbers I type in M4a to follow the links, you know, I have the equal sign followed by the greater than sign here. Let me zoom in so you guys can see that. But for the most part, everything is almost exactly the same. It displays almost like there's very few differences from what I typed in that plain text file to what is actually displayed in a Gemini client. Now, in comparison, what we could do is let me get to a new workspace here. Let me go to distro.tube.com, which is my HTTP site. And this is the index page for it. And, you know, I don't have a lot going on with this. But if you check the source code for this, let me right click view page source. I mean, this is the HTML, right? This is not just plain text, right? Almost everything on that web page is wrapped in at least one tag, you know, maybe multiple tags, and it's mostly a mess. You know, there's very little text on that page, right? If we talk about plain text, there's this, there's this, and then some titles and descriptions of some videos. And then I've got these three articles here. And there's a little bit of a preview of these articles, you know, probably about six or eight paragraphs of text, small paragraphs of text. Why is the HTML this long, right? This is, this is not easy to work with. And I have spent, I mean, from the early days of the web, I've been building websites, so I'm actually pretty comfortable with HTML and CSS and even PHP and JavaScript and things like that. But why have we gotten to the point that we need all of that to display what should be, you know, just a simple web page? And that's kind of what Gemini is getting us back to. Because Gemini is very limited. Gemini will always be just plain text. You're never going to get JavaScript with Gemini. You're never going to be working with databases with Gemini. It's just not possible. That's not part of the protocol right now. And that's not going to be part of the protocol in the future. So what I've been thinking about doing is actually, I'm going to get rid of my HTTP site distrotube.com. Well, I've got the domain name. I still have the domain and I may have something on it, but I'm going to get rid of the bloat, right? What I want to do is the gemini colon slash slash distro.tube. That is going to be my main site, my personal site for all things distrotube. And this is where I'm going. And I want your guys input on this because I think just having plain text is fine for everything I do. I know I have videos out there that people want to watch. But if I go to, I don't know, let me go to videos from 2021 here. And if I clicked this link even in Gemini, it will actually open the Brave browser and start playing that link. It's on a different workspace, but it'll play that last video that I put out. So you can still watch videos. You can still get images. They won't be displayed in the Gemini client itself. They'll just open those images and those videos or download those files in a separate program. Now, I know not everybody knows about the Gemini protocol yet. Not everybody has a Gemini client installed like Amphora or Lagrange. So I do need to keep something up on the web that people can go and... I want the same information to be available both with the Gemini protocol and the HTTP protocol. So what I did is I searched through the Arch Linux repositories and I found this program called GMI to HTML. It will take a GMI file, for example, the source code for myindex.gmi. It will take that and it will convert it to HTML for me. And because of the power of shell scripting, what I think I can do is I can write a nice little script that will actually convert my entire Gemini site over to HTML. So I've been working on this little script. It's nowhere near complete, but it already kind of works. And I won't go through everything this is doing, but basically I navigate to the source code directory distro.tube here on my system. And once I'm in that directory, I run this script and it's going to run the tree command. It's going to list out everything in that directory. Basically all the files recursively. And I'm gripping.gmi because I want all the .gmi files. And then I want that listed in a plain text file. I'm going to call gmi underscore list. And then I'm going to take gmi underscore list. And I'm going to redirect that into this array. This array is going to be named options. And for i in options do. So I've got a for loop here. And what I'm going to do is I'm going to take all of those gmi files. And then I'm going to do a quick substitution instead. I'm going to rename them instead of index.gmi, for example. Now it's going to be index.html. So I want to convert all the gmi files to HTML files. And then I'm going to pipe them into the gmi to HTML tool that I found over on the arch user repository. And then I've got them being directed into a new directory I created called html slash. And then the name of the file .html is a bit of a complicated script. But basically what that does is now let me open up my graphical file manager because this will be the easiest way to see this. So if I navigate to distro.tube here. This is where all of my gemini files were the gmi files. But when I run this script what it does it creates this directory here called html. And then all of my gmi files have been converted to html. So you guys saw index.gmi over in the m4 client. Now what would the index.html look like now? Let me get my file manager over here near the web browser and let me show you what the index.html would look like here. It looks exactly like the gemini client, right? I've made it look almost exactly the same. I can't remember which workspace I was on workspace for. Now there's workspace for with my distro.tube site in gemini. And there is distro.tube converted to html.  It's just blinding to the eyes and it's just hard to read. Nobody would visit this site if it was like that. So I did add a little color. I created my own style sheet here and I also played with the fonts and a little bit of the spacing. But for the most part I really didn't do much with the css here. I wanted it to be as nice and minimal. I wanted it to look as much like m4 in the terminal as possible. Even though this is of course html displayed in the brave browser. And all of my gemini files have been converted. So I can click on that which was 2021-videos.gmi. It's now 2021-videos.html. So I've converted all the files over that needed to be converted and everything appears to be working. Now this is running on localhost. I have not uploaded this to distro.tube.com yet because I wanted to keep my site up until I've converted all the pages because I do have to go back. I've got blogs that I haven't yet converted over to the Gemini site. So I'm still working on that. I'm probably a few days away for this here to go live in both Gemini and HTTP. But that's the direction I'm heading because it just doesn't make sense. I don't enjoy playing on the web anymore. I don't enjoy navigating around the web anymore. And I definitely don't enjoy building my own websites. That's just not where I want to be. So I'm really excited about moving more toward Gemini. I'm going to start putting a lot more content on my Gemini capsule. I also want you guys to start experimenting with Gemini. Most of you guys probably have simple blogs and you probably are running that stuff on bloated things like WordPress and Joomla and Drupal and all these content management systems that are not necessary. Unless you have hundreds or maybe thousands of pages on a website, it doesn't need to be database driven. It doesn't need to be managed by any content management system. It just needs to be plain text files that you manage yourself. You can even version control them on your GitHub or your GitLab. If it's open sourced, of course, you can have the community contribute to it. And that's what I've done with both my website at distrotube.com. And I'm going to do that with distro.tube on Gemini as well. You guys, I've got articles that I've written, but of course I've got guest articles. People have submitted to me for the website and I've converted those over to the Gemini site as well. If you guys want to submit any guest articles, you can do that. Just go to my GitLab. You'll find the distro.tube repository on my GitLab. If you've got anything you want to share, if it's Linux or software related in any way, I'll probably publish it. Just make sure it actually needs to be written in gem text. In a GMI format, don't send it in HTML. Don't send it in markdown because I'd have to put in some work to convert that. So please use the GMI format, which is very simple. The GMI format, the style is very simple. All you need to know is that for headings, you need to have a top level heading, which is one hash symbol. Second level headings are two hash symbols and you can have a third level. And that's as far down as you can go as far as headers. So just three levels. Other than that, I've shown you the links, how to do the links. It is, well, I have already closed. Well, let me go back into this file here for the links. All you need is the equal sign followed by the greater than sign and then the URL. And then if you want to outside the URL, you can give it a description. If you don't give it a description, the actual thing that will be displayed will be the URL. If you give it a description, it displays the description. So there's that first link we were just looking at. The only other thing that you can do with the syntax in GMI is you can do bulleted list. These are just asterisks. That's it. And pre-formatted text. Pre-formatted text is three back ticks in a row. So I've got three back ticks here and three back ticks here. That means all of this is pre-formatted text, which means it's going to respect all the spacing. If you have a lot of white space, it will keep the white space. So that is how you get the really cool little ASCII art and everything in M4. I also like using pre-formatted text, like in the articles. If I do anything that involves any kind of code blocks, because sometimes the code block, you need it to respect spacing. If you have some spacing, you tab over five spaces or something. I don't have anything in this particular article that shows that. But I would use pre-formatted text for displaying code blocks. Overall, after using Gemini for two months, I love it. I really do think Gemini has a bright future. Will Gemini ever replace the web? No, because Gemini is not the same thing. An all-text format is not the same as HTML, right? HTML, if you want to do anything multi-media related, you have to do it on the modern web. But for most people, most people are just doing stuff that can be done in plain text. And for that, Gemini makes much more sense, the fact that it can be displayed in the terminal, the fact that because it's plain text, I mean, you can use things like Curl and WGet, you can even do some fancy scripting where you can pull information from a Gemini site. So if somebody is leaving status information, like people put status information on their social media sites like Twitter and Facebook, you could pull that stuff down from the internet and display it like a widget on your panel or something. Really, just Gemini has me excited about using the internet again. And I think that's great. Now, before I go, I do need to thank a few special people. I need to thank Absi Dallas, Gabe Liu, Mitchell, Alan Akami, Hartree 2032, David the Other, David Dillon, Gregory Lewis, Paul Scott, Wes and Willie. These guys, they are my highest tier patrons over on Patreon without these guys. These last two months with Gemini, well, I still would have played with Gemini, but these guys really helped me out because they helped support my work over on Patreon. Also, all these ladies and gentlemen as well, all of these guys are great too. And if you'd like to support my work, look for a distro tube over on Patreon. All right, guys, peace. I wonder if we can get 4chan to move to Gemini.


Moving on to the Governor-Elect of Riva State, Simeon Ali Fubara has received his certificate of return from the Independent National Electoral Commission in Port Hackett, as well as Professor Ngozi Maado, the Deputy Governor-Elect. The National Commissioner for Rime, for Riva and Biosy State, Me, Alba Mujum, both presented the certificate to the brief ceremony in Port Hackett. The ceremony was attended by Governor-Nation Weekay to a party faithful and immediate members of the recipients. Not assuring the Riva's people that the development they are recording by our principal will continue with it. We will ensure that through the back, as they raise me for us, we will also raise the back for whoever is going to take over from us. We have just started with solicit for your support, that when we start, we will call upon you to come and support us. For my open-air or when I say the open position, our doors are open, including our windows. If you don't want to pass through the door, you can enter through the window. Because we really need everyone on board for a better and prospective Riva State. Thank you and God bless you.


Because his society has decided that he's too old, so does it just dispose of him? As though his life no longer had any value or meaning. In my opinion, this is exactly the hidden meaning of cliches like, the old must make room for the young. Common wisdom would have it that there is some vaguely defined age when you've had your time and your existence is no longer as meaningful or important as that of somebody younger. It sounds harsh, unmean and cruel, and it is! And that's precisely why I think we hide it behind idealized and romanticized figures of speech like walking into the sunset or passing on the torch.