I'm Amber Woodich. I'm an anthropology professor at ASU and I'm the director of the Center for Global Health. Did you ever hear someone ask, can I borrow a cup of sugar? For many Americans, the question conjures a nostalgic image of friendly neighbors relying on each other for support and assistance. At least it does for me. I grew up in a working class neighborhood in the 1980s. All of the dads worked in skilled trades. They were plumbers, contractors, concrete layers. My dad was a journeyman electrician and his union made sure that we had good health care and a living wage. When we were little, our dads made enough money for the moms to stay at home and the moms worked together to care for their kids and our community. Later, when the moms went back to work or college, they took turns watching us kids, getting us home from school and making sure we had a snack. It wasn't just little things like snacks though. Our neighbors helped out with big things too. I remember when my grandmother needed more help caring for my great-grandmother, who lived to be 100. To make more space for her in our little house, my mom and dad built with their own hands an extra room and bathroom and all those dads from our neighborhood helped out with concrete, with plumbing, however they could. This was the original sharing economy. The cup of sugar, the labor exchange. You didn't have to pay anyone. We knew that each person would help when they could and that each family was deserving of help when they needed it. This kind of sharing is such a fundamental part of the human experience and so critical to our survival that we have been doing it for millennia. Sharing is so important that in most cultures it has its own special vocabulary and rituals. In the US for example, you may have heard of potlucks, secret Santa or re-gifting. But in many parts of the world, gifts are more than just a holiday game. Sharing helps families survive and it's a core part of people's identity that defines their place in their communities. That's why anthropologists like me have studied how humans share in cultures in every part of the world. Much of what we know about sharing and why it matters comes from studies of food sharing in hunter-gatherer bands and early farming societies. Humans shared big game that they hunted. They shared berries or honey that they had gathered and they shared the warmth of the cooking fire. Now, food is crucial to survival but it's actually not the most important thing that people need to survive. If you ask any scout or survivalist, they will tell you their old rule of thumb. You can survive for about three weeks without food but you can only survive for three days without water. Water and food are really important resources for understanding how humans stay healthy, how they organize themselves into societies and how they construct meaning around the worlds they inhabit. And that's why I focus on water and food in my research. While we know a lot about how humans used to share in hunter-gatherer bands and early farming societies, things have changed a lot for most humans around the world in the last few hundred years. Nowadays, the structure of economies worldwide is changing faster than ever. My research examines how humans in the contemporary world construct social systems around basic resources, water, food and other essentials. I'm an ethnographer which means I commit to long-term research in the field, in and with the communities I study all around the world. In each place, sharing plays an important role in people's lives, both in how they see themselves as members of their own communities and in how they make ends meet on a day-to-day basis. Let me give you a few examples. In Bolivia, I lived in a squatter settlement and studied how people survive when they don't have any running water. Most people had to buy water from trucks that sell door to door at very high prices. There were never enough trucks to get everybody the water they needed. So people created a sharing system to ensure that nobody went thirsty. Families could depend on their neighbors to lend them a bucket of water when their bin went dry and they knew it was their duty to return the favor when their neighbors ran out of water. Now, I don't mean to make this sound idyllic. Sometimes people were annoyed by their neighbors and they really did not feel like sharing their water but for these squatters, water scarcity was a life and death matter. And thanks to the sharing system and people's real understanding that water is life, a sometimes scarily precarious water system never pushed anyone I knew there to the actual brink of death. In Paraguay, I lived in a little town and I studied the lives of people who depended on backyard farms for food. Life as a small-scale farmer is hard but it's okay if you have enough people to milk the cow and feed the animals and so forth. But if somebody gets sick or they can't do those jobs every day, you can get into real trouble. While I was there, I documented many cases in which neighbors pitched in during times of trouble to help each other. I remember one case in which a granny's husband had died. While she was in mourning and planning for the funeral which is a major nine-day undertaking in Paraguay, her neighbor sent someone to milk her cow every day. In another case, a family's eldest daughter had played an important role in caring for her family and younger siblings and she had to have surgery. So neighbors sent baskets of food to make sure the family had enough to eat until the girl could recover. Like in Bolivia, this community came together to make sure that each family had enough food and wasn't pushed past its ability to survive. By working together, each family gets helped when they're in trouble and gives help in its turn. My research sites in Bolivia and Paraguay help us understand how people use sharing to overcome what could be a major crisis when households run out of water or food. As important as each individual story and research site is, ethnographic research is much more powerful and can teach us much, much more about how humans survive when we bring the lessons learned from each site into conversation with each other. Here at ASU, I direct an international network of ethnographers. Together, we examine cross-cultural differences and similarities in the ways that humans exchange, manage, and put a value on vital resources like water and food. Cross-cultural research like ours has yielded important lessons in how humans can use sharing as a tool for survival. It turns out for sharing to really work, to really help people survive, a society has to be structured in a special way. It has to have economic diversity. There has to be an expectation of give and take. There should be rich relationships that involve exchanges without money. And most importantly, there must be a moral economy. These are the values that recognize our humanity, our dignity, and survival as shared goals. Basically, they acknowledge the right of everyone to life and basic security. So let me tell you one last story. This one is about the United States. Back in 2007, I started doing research with immigrants here in Phoenix, Arizona. Lots of people here come from Mexico, and historically in Mexico, there have been strong, culturally rich traditions of sharing. And at the start of our research, we found these traditions to be alive and well here in Arizona's immigrant communities. But then, the economy crashed. People were losing jobs, losing houses, going bankrupt. Everyone was affected at once. These vital sharing networks could not handle the enormous need. Our communities were no longer economically diverse because the whole economy was collapsing. In the wake of this, many immigrants were forced to leave.  That if they were picked up off the street and deported, their neighbors and friends promised to find their kids and take them home. The story is not an isolated one. In the US and elsewhere in the world, changes in the structure of the economy increases in income and social inequality and the erosion of basic economic security have all but destroyed vital sharing economies. And even in relatively well off communities, like the working class neighborhood where I grew up, the growing practice of putting a price on everything, of getting a ride, of having a house guest, even a little cup of water in a little plastic bottle is undermining one's proud traditions of sharing. So what can we do to change this? At an individual level, we can engage with social organizations that help us build trusting relationships. For many of us, this might mean a church, a temple or a mosque, a volunteer group or a charity, a soccer club, a book club or a roller derby team. In these settings, we can nurture trusting relationships by building the give and take of sharing food and labor. When somebody has a baby or a death in the family, we can do more than just emailing a gift card. We can cook and share and help. We can shy away from making everyday exchanges about money or accepting payback and think of other ways to reciprocate. And on a societal level, we can do more too. We can resist the impulse to commodify everything, carry a water bottle rather than buying a disposable one, have a potluck rather than going out to dinner. And when we think about transforming our economy, we can think beyond marketing the latest must have app or gizmo. When we think bigger and differently, we can think of truly transformative ways to exchange, to coexist, to support each other and to thrive together. Sharing is part of what makes us human, but we need to nurture relationships and even societies that humanize us. Thanks.


Hello, Physics20s. Today we're taking a look at the analysis for the trio of energy labs that you complete in unit C of Physics20. We're going to take a look at the conservation of energy in the hot wheels, conservation of energy in the mass spring system on the air track, as well as the conservation of energy in a pendulum. And we'll look at all three of the energy labs. I'll go through the whole lab. My emphasis is going to be on doing the analysis in each one. You can also find keys for the labs posted to Moodle that you can check out as well. Let's start with the hot wheels conservation of energy lab. In this lab, and in fact in every lab, our hypothesis is more or less the same. What we're doing is comparing the theoretical speed, and in this case it's the theoretical speed of the car, to the experimental speed of the car. So we're going to measure these experimental speeds with photo gates, and we actually measured two in this lab. We measured a speed at the top of the loop. We call that one photo gate one, and we also measure the speed at the bottom of the loop, and we call that photo gate two. So those are our experimental speeds. We have two of them in this lab. We're going to compare those to the theoretical speeds that we calculate using our conservation of energy calculations. And those calculations are going to be just like the ones you did in class and in your notes. If those speeds are really, really similar or the same, that means it's an isolated system, and that energy was conserved, and if they're different, we'll have to explain why by looking at some sources of error. Let's take a quick look at our variables that we have for this lab. The mass of the car does not change during the lab. That is a controlled variable, as well as what I'm calling height two, which is just the height of that roller coaster loop, and that's going to stay the same in the lab as well. You'll get to manipulate height one, which is the height that you drop the car from. And in the lab, you actually have to decide how high to drop it from so the car will go through the loop properly. And then the responding variable, depending on what height you drop the car from, is the speed of the car. And again, there's two of those. There's one at the top of the loop, and there's one at the bottom of the loop. The data that I have here today is data that I've taken from the back of the lab manual. And if you look in the back of your lab manual, if you're away today, you're going to see what's called the sample data. And you can use this anytime you're away from class. So there's the sample data from the back of the lab manual. And you can look that up right now, and you can copy it out into your notebook. I didn't record multiple trials. I just recorded the average trials for the two speeds. But if you were here in class, you'd have had four different speeds that you averaged out for each of the trials at the top of the loop. That's photo gate one. And at the bottom of the loop, that's photo gate two. We also had the height one. This is our height one here. This is height two. And we don't know what the mass of the car is. So that's one of the things we'll have to deal with in the analysis. So let's take a look here at that analysis now. The first thing that we want to do is draw and label a diagram showing the system. And there's a diagram in the previous page, so we'll flip back to that. So let's think about what types of energy we have at each of these different positions. So I'm going to start off by thinking about the sort of initial position. I'll label that with an I for initial, where I start the car. And at that moment in time, the car only has gravitational potential energy. Because initially I hadn't released the car yet, so it was at rest, doesn't have kinetic energy because it's not moving, but it has gravitational potential energy because it has height. Next thing I'm going to do is label the energy I have at what I'm going to call the final position. I'm going to start off by finding the speed of the photogate one at the top of this loop. And there's going to be two types of energy here. There's going to be kinetic energy because the car is moving. It has some sort of speed. And there's also going to be some gravitational potential energy because the car also has height. That's what we're calling height two. Now, when I do laws of conservation of energy calculations, I need to make these two amounts of energy or these two types of energy at the initial and final position equal to each other. So here's what that calculation looks like. There's going to be two calculations I'm going to do. This is the first one. So this is for the top of the loop. The top of the loop, the sum of the initial energy equals the sum of the final energy. So I start with that. That's called my conservation of energy statement. My initial energy was all gravitational potential energy, EP. And in the final situation when the car was at the top of the loop, there were two types of energy, EP and EK. So there's all of my types of energy substituted in. The next thing I'm going to do is I'm going to replace the E's with the formulas. So in place of gravitational potential energy, MGH. And I'll put that on either side. And then in place of kinetic energy, one half MV squared. Because there's a mass in every single term, so there's a mass here in the first term, a mass in the second term, and a mass in the third term, I can divide both sides of this equation by M and that cancels out the masses in every single term. Which is one of the reasons why you do not need to know the mass of the car for this calculation. I'm going to substitute in the acceleration due to gravity. I'm going to substitute in the height and I need to make sure this is the initial height since I'm on the initial side of the equation. So for me, that was 0.845 meters. You'll probably have a different initial height and that's just fine. Then on the right hand side of the equation, the acceleration due to gravity again. My second height, this is the height at the top of the loop and then one half V squared. So here's my substitution in. Notice I'm not putting the negative sign in on the acceleration due to gravity since I'm dealing with scalars here. Energy is a scalar so we don't put the negatives in. Here's how I type that into my calculator. So I'd like to start off by just working out what the left hand side is. 9.81 times 0.845. That gives my energy that I would have on the right left hand side. Then I'm going to subtract what 9.81 multiplied by 0.29 is. So I have to subtract to move that to the other side. So on the left hand side, I have about 6.12 and on the right hand side, I have one half V squared. So to get rid of the one half, I'll take the 6.12 and divide it by one half or divide it by 0.5 and then I have to make sure I square root in the last step to get V by itself. Now in my measurements, I had three significant digits so I can record my answer to three sig digs and it'll work out to 3.50 meters per second. So that's how fast the car should have been going at the top of the loop. That's its theoretical speed. And you can see that my theoretical speed at the top or my experimental speed at the top of the loop was much, much, much slower. So this is not an isolated system. Energy was not conserved. The car should have been going at 3.5 meters per second and it was going at a little under 1 meter per second. So we'll have to discuss why that wasn't a moment. Now we're going to do the second calculation to figure out how fast the car should have been going at the bottom of the loop. So I'll do bottom of loop now. It's going to look really similar. I'm still going to do a sum of the initial energy equals sum of the final energy calculation. My initial energy is still the gravitational energy that I had in my diagram when I first released the car. So that's right here. This is my initial situation still. But now I'm going to change what my final situation is or my final point because I want to know the speed going through photo gate 2. So I'm now going to call that the final. The only kind of energy the car has at this final position is kinetic energy because now the car doesn't have any height above the reference level. So this is a nice easy calculation. I can do gravitational potential E p equals kinetic E k. So all of the final energy was just kinetic energy. And this is a calculation you've done lots of times before. So I'm not going to spend lots of time discussing it. The mass is still cancel. The height that I started off with my initial height is still 0.845 meters. And the algebra is pretty similar to the last one except there's not the subtraction step. And I'm getting that this car at the bottom of the loop to three sig digs should be going at 4.07 meters per second. Which again, if you compare it, that's my theoretical. And if you can compare it to the experimental, here's the experimental. Yeah, there's a lot of speed lost, which means there is a lot of energy lost. This is not an isolated system. There are non-conservative forces from outside of the system that are doing work on the system, causing that speed to be much lower because there's not as much kinetic energy as there should be. So in your evaluation, you're always going to sort of summarize what happened in the lab. And I've got a little summary here that you can take a look at on the key on Moodle. But then you also need to be able to explain a little bit about what was happening in terms of the experimental and theoretical speeds. And here I'm stating that they're not the same. They're very different. The experimental was much smaller than theoretical. And the reason for that, that you need to have in your evaluation, is because energy was not conserved. That's why those speeds are not the same. Why was energy not conserved? Well, because there are non-conservative forces acting. And the major non-conservative force I would expect you to know about in this lab is the force of friction. There is a force of friction between the wheels and the track. And that is going to remove energy from the system. It's going to do work on the system. So that would be the major error I would want you to identify. And you may have other errors as well you include, which is just fine. But that's the one I would want everyone to know. So what's an improvement you can have to get rid of some of that friction? It's not exactly easy. You can sometimes find better or worse Hot Wheels cars that seem to lose less energy to friction. But one of the things you can do that's very practical is you can think about where you want to put photo gate two. So if I look at the diagram, in the lab you had an option of where to put photo gate two. You could put it pretty close to the bottom of the loop, or you could put it way further out to the right here. So the car had to go flat along the table for a few moments before I went through the photo gate. In order to reduce error, you want to have photo gate two as close to the bottom of the loop as possible. That gives friction less time to act and it will remove less energy from the system. If photo gate two is a really long ways away from the bottom of the loop, that gives more time for friction to act and more kinetic energy gets taken out of the system. So your experimental speed and theoretical speeds are even further apart. So in this first lab we saw there was not much conservation of energy. It was a very non isolated system because of the outside force of friction. The second lab that we did was dealing with a mass and a spring on an air track. Very similar hypothesis we want to compare the experimental speed and the theoretical speed if they're the same energies conserved. In terms of our variables in this lab, the elastic constant, which is called K, sometimes we call that the spring constant stays the same for the lab. So that's a controlled variable as is the mass of the cart. You get to manipulate X in this lab. You decided how far to stretch the spring out. And then as a result of stretching the spring, the spring applied a force, which is called FS, force in the spring. That's your responding variable. The procedure if you weren't here for the lab was really pretty simple. You're going to pull the spring back by a certain value of X displacement, you're going to measure the force in the spring at that point using a spring scale.  You did this five times for five different values of X. Once you had that data down, you then pulled the cart all the way back to your maximum value of X, and you released it. And then that cart would go and zoom back to its equilibrium position with lots of speed. And you would measure the speed at equilibrium by putting a little photo gate here. Alright, so we'd have a photo gate right here that allowed us to measure how fast the cart was going at that point in time. Let's take a look at our diagram and label the types of energy that we had to deal with here. So when the cart was pulled all the way back in the initial position, cart wasn't moving at that moment in time. So we would say that the initial speed was zero. And in this situation, all of the energy is elastic potential energy. So this is the energy that stored in the spring or some sort of elastic object. When the cart is released and the spring comes back towards equilibrium, then it will have some sort of final speed, which means that all the energy will turn into kinetic energy. So in our evaluation, or pardon me, in our analysis, we're going to be doing an EP equals EK calculation. So let's take a look at the data. This is again data from the back of the lab manual. So it might look different from the data you collected in class, which is fine. But if you weren't here in class, I want you to flip to the back of the lab manual now where you can get this data. So here are all my displacements. These are my values of X. And here's all of my forces that the spring applied. And I graph those on a force versus displacement graph. This is very similar to what you've seen in class and in your notes. I also recorded down the mass the cart was 0.3 kilograms of the cart I used. And the final speed of the cart when I released it was 2.8 meters per second. I released the car from 0.5 meters. So that's how far it moved. That's how much the spring was stretched when I measured the speed of 2.8 meters per second. So we're now going to go through and do our analysis. We're going to start off in the same sort of way as we did the last analysis. We're going to say that the sum of the initial energy equals the sum of the final energy. This is the conservation of energy statement. And that's how you start every conservation of energy problem. Initially, all of the energy was gravitational pardon me elastic potential energy, which we call EP. Afterwards, in the final situation, all of the energy had turned into kinetic energy, EK. We know how to calculate EK. That's the formula one half MV squared. There's the theoretical speed that V is what I want to solve for in this question. And I know what the mass of the cart is. So the right hand side is looking good. Now for the left hand side, there's two ways you can do this. One way you can do this is you can find the area under the graph. And so here's my graph makes a triangle. Well, it makes pretty close to a triangle. If I was to extend this line, a best fit just a bit. There we go. So there's the triangle it would make. And one method you can use for finding the energy. When you've got a force versus displacement graph is you can find the area of the triangle. So if you want one way to do this analysis is to find the area. And that will equal the energy. And it's easy to find the area of a triangle, you just do one half base times height. Now you might recognize there's a little bit of a problem with that, though, a little bit of error if you use that method. And it's still okay to do the method as long as you know what the error is. You might notice that right here, my triangle goes a little bit off of the graph. So that means the base if you're to measure the base here, I think my base I would say is 0.4 meters. That's not quite exactly what the base is because the base would have to be a little tiny bit longer. So that's fine. It'll mean your answer is a little bit off of what it should be, but it's still a valid way of analyzing the data in the analysis, or pardon me, in the evaluation, you would just say one of the sources of error was the triangle went a little off the graph. If you don't want to deal with that, if you want a little bit of a better result, then the other thing you can do is a slope calculation. Because the slope of this graph, if I was to take that line at best fit, and if I was to find the slope, it will be equal to the spring constant or the elastic constant. The reason you would want the elastic constant is because the elastic potential energy in a spring is equal to one half kx squared. And I know what x is, 0.5 meters. And to find k, I'd have to get the slope of the graph. So I'm going to do the slope method here. If you do area, that's fine. It's not wrong. But I'm going to show you how to do the slope method. To do slope, I'm going to do y2 minus y1 over x2 minus x1, just like we have always done slopes. I actually have some points already plotted on my graph that I'm going to go and put into my slope calculation. Just like we did back in unit A, you want to make sure that whenever you're doing slope, you're using points off of the graph, not your plotted points. So that's what I've done here. So 2.8 Newtons was my y2 minus 1.6 Newtons. That was my y1. 0.25 meters was my x2 minus 0.125 meters. That was my x1. And you can use different points if you want. Your slope will be more or less the same. So I'll do this calculation to see what my slope gives me. So that's going to give me a slope of 9.6 Newtons per meter. The units are really important because if you look at the slope calculation, you have Newtons on the top and meters in the bottom, and that's the same units you get for the value of k for your elastic constant. So that means that this 9.6 Newtons per meter, this is k. That's a really important thing you need to know for your exams and quizzes is how to get the value of k from a graph. Now that I have that, I can substitute it into my formula. So 1.5k, which is 9.6 Newtons per meter, times x. Now the x I need to use here is the amount I pulled the mass back by, the amount I stretched the spring by when I found the speed of 2.8 meters per second because I want to compare it to 2.8 meters per second. So I had to stretch the spring by 0.5 meters to get the speed of 2.8 meters per second. So let's see what that's going to give me then as a theoretical speed. Again, your numbers might be different and that's fine. You're just going to follow along with the same steps as I'm doing with different numbers. So now I'm going to go through and do the calculation. Here's what the calculation looks like. I'm going to evaluate the left-hand side first, so 0.5 times 9.6 times 0.5 squared, don't forget to square, then I'm going to divide by the 0.5, divide by 0.3 and square root the answer. So what I get here is 2.8, it goes on and on and on. So it's just a little over 2.8, but if I was surrounded to two sig digs, I get 2.8 meters per second. So I actually get a speed which is really, really close to, not exactly the same, 0.03 meters per second off, but by the time I round it, really close to what my theoretical and experimental speed was, very similar to the same number. Now you may have got different results. You may have found that your theoretical and experimental speeds were different. That doesn't mean that you've done the calculation wrong or even that you did the measurements wrong. Maybe on that particular day with the setup you were using, there was just a little bit less energy conservation and we could talk about why that was. So this is closer to being an isolated system. In fact, I'd say this one in my data does look like an isolated system because it does not seem like there's any energy lost. So there weren't any outside forces doing work on the system. So energy is conserved. But I know lots of times when students do this lab, they don't get exactly the same theoretical and experimental speed. So what could be errors? One possible error is that there still could be some friction against the track. Those air tracks aren't perfect. There might have been a bit of friction still. So we can also think about only pulling that spring back through a small distance, again, so that friction doesn't have as much time to act on the cart, and that'll reduce the amount of energy that's lost to the system. Another source of error and improvement you can do is checking to see if the air track is level. If the air track is tilted a little bit, then if the cart is going downhill, it'll pick up some extra kinetic energy due to the gravitational potential energy it had from the tilt. So leveling the air track is also a good way to make an improvement if your results for your theoretical and experimental speeds weren't the same. The third lab that we did was the conservation of energy in the pendulum. And again, you've got about the same hypothesis here. We're comparing experimental and theoretical speeds. If they're the same, conservation energy worked out. If they aren't, it didn't. It's non isolated. Controlled variables, we control the mass of the pendulum, and we control what I'm calling height one, which is the height from the floor that the pendulum starts off with at equilibrium. You can manipulate height two, you can decide how high up from the ground you want to release the pendulum, and you're going to measure the speed at equilibrium that the pendulum moves through. I'm going to do my energy labeling again. So at my initial situation, when I first release the pendulum bob, it has just gravitational potential energy because it has height in the air. It doesn't have any kinetic energy though because it hasn't started moving yet. When the pendulum bob gets to height one at equilibrium, that's our final situation, it'll have some gravitational potential energy because it's still got height above the ground, but it'll also have kinetic energy because it's moving. So I'm going to do an EP equals EP plus EK calculation here. Same as before, data in the back of the lab manual for you to go and use if you were not here. And I'm going to go nice and quick here through this analysis, since this is the third time you've seen a conservation of energy calculation. Again, it's the same calculation as you saw in your notes. So if you do get stuck with these and you're looking for a little bit more detail on how to solve them, go and look in your notebook because you've done the same calculations there. I also have standalone videos for how to solve a pendulum problem like this that you can also watch. I think one of the things you have to be most careful of when you're doing these calculations is just make sure you've got the right height in the right spot. The left-hand side of the equation is always your initial, and so my initial height was 0.216. Oh, sorry, my initial was not that. My initial was here. Oops, you can't see it. That was when I was at height 2. I've got to be careful. So my initial was actually height 2, 0.223 meters. I almost made the mistake that I was describing. So that's the first height it started off with, the tallest height. And then the second height here, the final height, is where it ended up at equilibrium. There we go. The algebra is exactly the same as the last one we did. So I'm going to type through my calculator in the same way. I'm going 9.81 times 0.223, 9.81 times 0.223. I'm going to subtract 9.81 times 0.216 like so. I'm going to divide by 0.5 and I'm going to square root. So I get that the speed of the pendulum bob, the theoretical speed, how fast it should have been going, was 0.3, actually it works up to 0.3705, but to two sig-digs, actually I was measuring three sig-digs, pardon me, three sig-digs. I'm getting 0.371 meters per second, which is really close to my average velocity that I got from the photogate of about 0.370 meters per second. So almost exactly the same. So in the evaluation, I would again say this is a good example of a situation where the model of law of conservation of energy applies. We have a very similar, in fact almost exactly the same, experimental speed and theoretical speed, but you again may have found some differences. So what could have those differences have been? What are some sources of error you might want to talk about? Sometimes students have trouble measuring when they repeat the calculation or when they repeat the height measurements because you want to do more than one trial. Sometimes they have a trouble getting the same height every time, and an easy fix for making sure that your height 2 is repeatable is just to use a measuring tool like a ruler or even like a textbook and just always drop it from the top of that same height. Instead of eyeballing it and saying I think it was about here, just measure it every single time, you can also think a little bit about the fact that we're only accounting for sort of the horizontal and vertical motion of this pendulum, not its side-to-side, like third dimension motion. So sometimes when you release the pendulum it doesn't just move horizontally and vertically, it also goes kind of sideways and that's a bit of extra energy that we weren't accounting for. So if you repeat the trials, if you notice the pendulum is going kind of tilted to the side as well, that'll also give you better data that should give you closer to the conservation of energy. In all three of these labs, when you stop and think about all of them, you should be able to identify which ones are best modeled as an isolated or non-isolated system and that's one of the main ideas you're going to do on your lab quiz based on these labs.


The following is a presentation of TFNN. Time to talk about your health. Living a primal lifestyle. You know, we have Tom from Tampa on the phone. Hey, Tom, good morning. It's bright and early now, huh? Hey, thanks. Good, Tom. How are you guys doing? Good. Good. Hey, your new player's outstanding. Tom's outstanding. His outstanding. And so's the fundamental edge. I love that stuff. I'd never be without it. I mean, I've been on it now three, four months, man. I mean, it's just, I can't get over how good I feel. Primal edges, you know, people are raving about it. People who are trying it, they know because you can feel it. We'll not be without it. Call now. Toll free at 1-877-927-6648. Now, your hosts, Niko Dahan and Paige Clark. Good morning. I'm Niko Dahan. Welcome to Living a Primal Lifestyle where we explore a return to a more balanced and natural wild world. That's right, Niko, to recover our natural health. And regain our rights and freedoms. Good morning. I'm Paige Clark. And it's a beautiful morning in downtown St. Petersburg, mostly clear and 75 degrees. And nice 75. A little fall Christmas in the air. Yeah. And, you know, it's, the other morning was down to 72 and it was actually cold for me, you know, getting the newspaper out in the morning. I thought, wow, the change. You're laughing at us right now. Yeah, of course. But Tom came in to work out Saturday morning. He's, man, this is it. This is the change, you know. And so we're ready for the change, folks. Hey, subscribe to our health signals newsletter. It's news you can use to say healthy and keep up with our show. Yeah. That's a brand new one out right now. It is for the 15th. So it comes out in the first and the 15th of every month. It's $10 a month. So $5 an issue. Right into your inbox. And also please pick up our Primal Edge, our one shot wonder over 310 sell ready liquid ingredients to make the good stuff go in. And the bad stuff come out. That's right. And we can take your calls<PHONE_NUMBER>. Yep. So, Nico, you know, everyone's talking about climate change. But what you and I have been sharing is the information that the climate change that's coming is not what the mainstream media is telling us. And everyone. And even many scientists. There seems to be two schools of thought, right? That seems to be, we have the big push for the, which I believe is the carbon tax type of thing. Right. Taxes to breathe. Yeah, so everything's getting warmer and certainly we've seen some warm days. I think in the last year it's pretty much evened out. I think it's more of volatility in the weather versus hot or cold, right? Yeah. And if we look back in history, and I look at two or three different websites that I go to. One is suspicious observers always. Of course, get the morning news and see the condition of the sun. But I also visit Ice Age Farmer. And a couple of other ones, the Dibalt Association and things like that.  And let me kind of lead into it because I haven't yet seen it, but it is on my watch list. Okay. And this article based on this podcast says dire consequences for wildlife on the ground with Tom in Ohio. Yeah. And Tom from Ohio, who is Tom? He's a retired farmer and agronomist. The agronomist is the science of utilizing plants, animals and soils for fuel, food, feed, fiber, and more. Oh, the 4Fs. There you go. The 4Fs. And so Tom joined Christians of the Ice Age Farmer for this latest on the ground report to discuss a remarkable lack of foliage for wildlife that's happening this year. No acorns, very light chestnuts and berries, and which likely will be one of the longest, hungriest winters that we've seen in decades. And he's going to, they explore how the effects of natural cycles such as this grand solar minimum can be unpredictable and even heard of of the billions of animals that are migrating, and now he's seeing animals seeking out food. So share more with us. This is important stuff. Yeah. Well, there's two things. One, of course, he's a farmer, so he is looking at his trees on his property. He's got a huge piece of property and a lot of adjacent wild areas to the property too. And he's noticing, he says the trees that are the heartiest are down 50% in volume as far as what they're producing, the acorns and things like that. And that's the heartiest trees. Most trees like the apple trees and the berry trees are down 30 to 40% below that. This is significant. Yeah, it's very significant. So what he's noticing, a lot of the wild animals are eating different foods. They're coming into the areas where people are. Coming in closer. Coming in closer, which is completely different than they normally do. They normally shy away from us. So for them to come into our areas means there's a big shortage of food in the wild. And this really prompted my interest because of course I've been following the different farmers all across the world. And I, in fact, have a map here of the food shortages. I can bring that up. I'm sending that to myself because I got to listen to that. Yeah, this is the map here. And this shows you a worldwide map. It should come up in a second here. And these are reported... The page is tracking crop losses, right? Yeah. According to the Grand Soul minimum, hail, storms, flooding, drought, and early frost, all of these things affecting food cycles. But you can see this is pretty diverse. I can't really, I think I can move it around a little bit in the United States, Canada, of course. I don't zoom in on Florida just so we can see what they say. I'm just curious. Tomato shortage. Nationwide price increase following Irma. Hmm. So maybe we can start to think that these storms that have been cycling around, whether they're natural or man-enhanced, which some of us believe, they create economic change. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Very interesting. Yeah, to watch that. So the thing is with him, he's talking about the volume and he's talking about the changes that he sees, a pretty bright guy, it seems like. For me, this really piqued my interest because when I'm talking about the Grand Soul minimum, kind of people glaze over their eyes and things like that, then, you know, we have no indications other than a lot of these podcasts. And if you watch The Sun, you have indications that we're in a minimum. We haven't had any sunspots to speak of this last year. And this may continue. We think we're on the cusp of having this next cycle come in, which is cycle 25, where we'll start to get some sunspots. And that's even more concerning because if we have more activity on the sun now because the sun over the last 11 years hasn't really been buffered, sorry, or atmosphere hasn't been buffered, which means our atmosphere has gotten shrunk. Right. So it gets smaller and thinner, which means the cosmic rays from the sun and from other space, debris and things like that has an easier path in. And you can feel it on your skin if you go outside. But don't we have lower sunspot activity now because the sun is kind of gone to sleep? Yeah. The Grand Soul minimum. Yeah. And when the sun goes to sleep, it means that we're getting buffered less. Right. And the buffering is what makes our atmosphere grow, make it quite large, which is our protection.  And it's not because it's hotter outside right now. It's 75 degrees. And if it was midday and 75 degrees, you could still get burned because the protection isn't there. Right. They give warnings to airline people. Of course, the astronauts are in dire straits. And if you spend a lot of time in the midday sun, you're going to get burned and you're going to have cancers and things like that. This is what happens. So as the sunspots ramp back up, it's going to throw a lot out of our atmosphere and our atmosphere is not buffered. It's not ready for it. So we're going to get a lot more volatile storms. If you follow the suspicious observer during the hurricanes, you'll see the big coronal holes come in when the storm intensifies. So there's a direct link between all of this. Just follow the suspicious observer and you'll get a lot of education on how this happens. And, Nico, now we have this technology. You've got this podcast, for example. You follow Ben Davidson. You're learning about...  But what we've shared with is that, you know, people from ages ago have been telling us about these changes. That's right. Cave joints. Yeah, so we'll go on with this. We'll be right back. We'll be right back. It's great. You know what's cool? Taking something that's good for you. Something specifically formulated to help with weight loss, better sleep, stress reduction, and the need to detox. Nico, our hunter and gatherer ancestors found all their nutritional requirements for health in their wild environment. But today, our food sources no longer contain vitamins, minerals, and nutrients our bodies need to stay healthy and strong. That's why we need primal-edge daily nutrition. It includes a special blend of ionic, soil-based vitamins, minerals, fatty, and amino acids in an easy to use liquid form. Primal-edge is powered by highly concentrated folic and humic acids. Nature's preferred delivery system. They've been called miracle molecules because, like sunlight, air and water, life cannot exist without them. That's right, Paige. They ensure we receive all the nutrition we need to be healthy and thrive. We take it every morning. Primal-edge, formulated and approved by Nico and Paige of Living a Primal Lifestyle. Buy it today for just $89. Click on the Primal-edge banner on the front page of TFNN.com. Using this first-of-its-kind program, the Art of Timing the Trade charts allows you to scan thousands of stocks for Fibonacci formation setups, including guardleafs, ABCs, butterflies, and much more. The Art of Timing the Trade charts is designed to help you when scouring the markets for stocks just beginning to form the trading patterns that many investors spend days, weeks, or even months searching to find. And right now, we're offering licenses available at only $79 a month. We are so confident that you're going to love this new charting software that will even give you a 30-day unconditional money-back guarantee. Don't miss out on this incredible new piece of software. Get your copy of the Art of Timing the Trade charts today by visiting TFNN.com. And bear, leveraged ETFs. Direction leveraged ETFs. An investor should carefully consider a fund's investment objective, risks, charges, and expenses before investing. A fund's prospectus and summary prospectus contain this and other information about direction shares. To obtain a fund's prospectus and summary prospectus, call<PHONE_NUMBER> or visit DirectionInvestments.com. A fund's prospectus and summary prospectus should be carefully before investing. An investment in the fund is subject to risk, including the possible loss of principal. The funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors. Distributor, Four Side Fund Services, LLC. At 1-877-927-6648. Internationally, at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Welcome back to the show. So I had just brought this up from CNN. Food will be scarce, expensive, and less nutritious the climate report says. Of course, this particular report is all about the climate change agenda, but that doesn't mean that there aren't any shortages. That's right. There is going to be shortages. They're just not attributing it to the right cause as far as view and eye looks. They're saying here the windows closing rapidly have to have lower emissions. Well, I agree with that. Missions, we shouldn't have pollution. There's no doubt about that, but this doesn't mean that CO2 is going to prompt something like the warming of the earth. This is nonsense because CO2, first of all, is a small amount that we're up, and it's been up way higher over millennia. So this is all bogus stuff, but I want to bring this up because if you're looking into the agriculture, what's happening in Canada, it's already snowing up there. There's frost on the ground. You know, my son's in Tahoe. He's already got snow up on his ski slopes. That's right. Yeah. If you look at the Mississippi Valley, you're seeing that the corn is not being harvested. Some of the sweet corn is because it has a shorter growing season, but the stuff they use for the high fructose corn syrup and all these things they throw in our franken food, that stuff is going to be rotting in the fields because it's not ready to go. And winter's coming. As they say, food will become scarcer. Grocery prices will spike, and crops will lose their nutritional value due to this climate crisis. And it will change the kind of crops that farmers are going to grow. And of course, it says some climates are too hot, some climates are too cold, and maybe a few of them are just right. And that's probably true because what's happening is the growing areas in the United States and Canada are moving south. So there's going to be dry areas. There's going to be areas that are too wet. There's going to be flooding. And you're just not going to know when's the right time to plant and the harvest may not come. And we're finding out soybeans are down by half. Wheat is down by 50 to 60 percent. There's a huge shortage. There's a huge shortage in pork around the world because of what's happening in China with the destroying of all the pigs because of the swine flu in pigs, not in humans. So you see a lot of this stuff going on, and I've said five or six years ago, start grabbing some food and cans and things like that that you can use later on. Yeah, there are going to be craziness. And we see how inappropriately we all behave when a crisis happens.  Well, in the day or so, yeah, they're gone. When we have the hurricanes here, even with that threat of the hurricane, it's almost worse because it may not be coming, but the stores are going to be empty anyway. The water's gone. Everybody's filling up sandbags way ahead of time, which is kind of good, but the anxiety is there. With this last storm, we had anxiety for a week and it never came. That's right. It's better just to wait and do what our natural instincts tell us to do. It may be better to do that because the anxiety is not there for the 10 days. It's just wild storms going on. But a lot of people make a lot of money off of that anxiety. Well, of course. That's always there, and any society will have that. Better to be well-planned, I think.  It should be what we're all concerned about because our food is healthy. The planet is being consumed by humans. We just have to get those little things in to give us a feeling of guilt. The truth is... And we definitely have a huge, huge population of humans on the planet now. Maybe close to 7 billion. And this comes about, I think, because of the farming practices. When you farm, you need more bodies. You have more babies. When you're hunter and gatherers, you have one or two mechs. And there's a long period in between when you're in and you don't have children because you're nursing one of them. And that's your natural protection against getting pregnant again. Right. We've lost a lot of these things. And that are the natural controls, right? Yeah, the natural controls. Whether it be in the food or the food. So for the last maybe five to ten thousand years, we've really been farming a lot, which destroys not only the environment and it makes weaker animals and it makes weaker food along the lines that because we're not replenishing the soil like we used to, naturally. This is interesting, Nika. This is a production made that looked at the production of the top ten global crops. Okay. And they are barley, cassava, maize, oil, palm, rapeseed, rice, sorghum, soybean, sugar cane, and wheat. And they found that because of the climate crisis and the change, the world has already seen a reduction of 35 trillion calories every year. That equates to about one percent of food calories lost each year. Yeah, and these, of course, are agricultural foods. That I don't eat a lot of. Right. But in a time of emergency, it's huge. And these are also food that the animals eat, too. And as we said, perhaps as the, yeah, these are foods for the animal. Yeah. And as the animals, these foods go down. The animals are going to become more scarce. And certain people want to make sure the animals are available for them. For the kings. Yeah. While the serfs. That's been going on. While the serfs live on the starvation foods. Right. And if you're going to go to the planet, you'd better cut back to a hamburger and a half. I like the way they see this. High-end countries will likely be able to cope, but areas like the Sub-Saharan Africa, parts of Asia and India will become more vulnerable. These are the areas, of course, where there's not a lot of growing. Sub-Saharan desert Africa is teeming with life, but not a lot of agriculture. But they're really trying to change that. China's in there building roads. And we've got a lot of countries in there because that may be one of the last sources, because it's definitely getting colder in Europe. Yeah, I says food is the great leveler among people.  If there's plenty of food in the room, they may look at each other suspiciously, but they will likely get along. Yes. If, however, you make them stay, all stay in the room for an extended period of time and start to remove the food. So there's not enough to go around. That's when relationships get strained. I just think about, you know, what is it that Black Sunday or Black Friday day after Thanksgiving? You know, how the people are trying to brush to buy them a TV screen or something. And that's not even food, guys. Can you imagine? All the hatred and fear and anxiety comes to play by not having enough to eat. And that's why it's important to adapt now. And this is why it's important to prepare. And this is what our ancestors always did when they saw this activity diminish in the sun. They started preparing all the ancient cultures all the ancient cultures always did this. All the ancient cultures always fell also during these times. And it makes me kind of wonder what's going to happen in the United States if this next cycle is the grand solar minimum or the one after that. I think it's either this one or the next one. I don't see it going much past that because it's been over 200 years and the cycle is about 200 years. And like that Bible verse, my people perish for they have not knowledge. And they're not acting on it. And then the thing that scares me is all the ancient knowledge that we used to have is really being diminished by the Internet. I mean, they're also saving some of it by the Internet but as far as the major players like Google... Yeah, it's kind of a yin-yang thing. Yeah, we have a lot of people archiving stuff and Ice Age Farmer is one of those guys that brings us really important information. So the Internet has both. You just have to sift through it and decide which is which. You know, Facebook called themselves a publisher. All these people have produced all this content for them, the publisher. But really, publisher, idea shaper, molders of perception. Well, there's too much garbage on that. Remember, Google says they're going to fix it so that whenever you... Just one right answer for everything. So guys, just if you want to know what the right answer is, Google has it. Yeah, and that's what I love about Google because now you've got 15 answers you can dig in and kind of decide for yourself what is garbage. That's not their plan. Their plan is to tell you that they have their own. They said that, no doubt about it. I saw it. I saw the video. So when we come back, I want to go over a different way of looking at things. You know, there's a lot of people that are smart and have found the answers, so we'll be right back. Be right back. We'd like to tell you about the personal training studio that Niko is the owner and president of, Performance Training. 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You also gain access to the webinar that Steve Dahl and Tom O'Brien just hosted, the best way to use the Taz Profile Scanner to profit. This webinar archive is available for all subscribers immediately upon signing up. All new subscriptions also come with a 30-day money-back guarantee so you have nothing to risk. Start your subscription by visiting the front page of TFNN.com today and you'll find the Taz Profile Scanner under the Services tab. Sign up today. For the second home or investment property, Tiger Realty has the experience across all areas of real estate in the Tampa Bay area to help buyers and sellers make the most informed decisions across all price levels. From the price you should be paying per square foot in certain up-and-coming areas to the type of cash flow investment properties are capable of creating, Tiger Real Estate can help you make the best decision when it comes to all areas of the market. Before you make one of the biggest decisions of your financial future, go to Real Estate LLC today at<PHONE_NUMBER> or email us at Tiger at TFNN.com. That's<PHONE_NUMBER>. Call us today. This segment is brought to you by Think or Swim. For more information, just click the Think or Swim banner on the front page of TFNN.com. And we're talking about how the climate change, whether it's getting hotter or colder, it's going to impact our food. And so we're going to need knowledge for better food systems. And in 2013 there was a TED Talk, Alan Savry, it was titled How to Fight Desertification and Reverse Climate Change. And there was a Zimbabwean ecologist, his name is Alan Savry, he claimed that the holistic management, grazing management method that he had developed and promoted for over 40 years could stop this desertification and reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide to pre-industrial levels. So we're looking at ways that we can have a better food system. And a lot of people are taking over that. Yeah, and I think the reason that it got on to TED Talk was about the climate change thing because TED Talk is really driven politically and they have a lot of stuff about climate change and a lot of times when we're talking about different kinds of methods and things like that, they don't get on here. And we got on this TED Talk because it was a real powerful talk. And we're always talking about the grass-fed livestock industry. Or we're talking about livestock. But what he's put the direction to is focusing on cows eating what they're supposed to eat. Exactly right. And what he wants to do and what he's done for many years in Africa and in different parts of the world is show people how to do this in a modern way. In other words, we talked many times about Joe Salatina in Philadelphia. Virginia. And he does the type of method where he moves. Folks that just ain't normal. That's right. So because we can't have the animals move anymore, we have to fence them in. They have to be in jail, like our human counterparts kind of. We have to find different methods of simulating what nature intends for these animals because cows love that top green little part. But they like to skim it off the top. And their mouth is just perfect enough to do that. We have other animals and their mouths are shaped different for tearing the complete plant out. Like goats do, exactly. So it's important to have the right kind of animal eating the grasses and topping them off and then moving them out and letting the land recover. What Salatina has always done is he brings... Salatina, excuse me. What he does, he brings the chickens in and the chickens go in there and kind of disturb the whole grass because of their pecking. The cows have been defecating on there. They've been getting the grass a little bit shorter.  Then he brings the pigs in and the pigs go and root everything. He does a multi-layering. Then he moves the house. Then moves on to another area. So this property then is sitting dormant and the process starts all over again. So this is kind of what... The same approach. The same approach. Now they have much more land in Africa to deal with than we did in the United States. So he does a little bit differently but he is still moving the animals from pasture to pasture, bringing in different species also. And he's been teaching this people to the native people. And this is a huge thing and this is the new way. Very little recognition. And now people are starting to pay attention. And just like they say, he calls it holistic management. It can be described as a grazing management method based on planned rotational grazing that mimics nature. Exactly what you said, Nico. With the aim of sequestering carbon and water into the soil and that's increasing pasture productivity. Yeah, holistic management at a metal level is a framework for decision making and a planning tool for systems. It is based on a comprehensive goal setting focused on a kind of life pastoralist's wish to have. People that want to live in a pasture environment. Well, yeah.  Right, exactly. That was the new method. Remember, if you're going to have some kind of agriculture that means you have to have fences so the animals can't come through and trample it. You have to have the animals in some kind of fence so they don't wander off because you're not moving with the animals anymore. So this is foreign to how we used to do things. We used to just follow the animals, but now we become more civilized. And we try and control the animals and what's grown where. But listen to this, guys. The report finds that the 11 scientifically peer reviewed studies that actually support the beneficial effects of this holistic management of animal and savory, savory institute website 5. So people have actually said this really does produce quantitative, qualitative results. Well, what you're doing is upgrading the land at the same time. So one of the things in order to mimic nature, holistic management is founded upon the simple ecological theory that assumes that herbivorous animals can rehabilitate degraded land through grazing and that the world's grasslands are devolved in parallel and thus are interdependent to each other. These huge herds of antelope or buffalo or whatever they are, gazelles and giraffes and elephants and things like that do a damage to the soil in a way that actually makes it rejuvenate itself. Yeah. And we've got to start taking a look at things like this that have evidence that they're working. He's been doing this for 40 years. Yeah. And there's a lot of people doing this type of thing. I was watching a podcast the weekend before where had this farmer was taking the dung that his horses was doing and spreading it all over and his land. That's what they do in Austria. When you land in Austria, you get off that plane and you smell the manure because they don't allow synthetic fertilizers there. When you get to the animals roam, now we have to actually go spread their manure also. It's a much better system. But of course, we can't do the old system anymore because there's cities in the ways. There's growing areas in the way. People own land now. So we can't go back. So these are the ways we can go forward along the lines of a more natural way of doing it. We're never going to go back unless this catastrophe cycle is over. Maybe that will happen. It seems like it's happened in the past four or five times, maybe longer. So we'll see what happens. So how can you learn more about Alan's savory? You can support the holistic management and regenerative agriculture. You can visit the savory institute savory.global and learn more from there. I think it's going to be something that we've got to start encouraging everyone to embrace and kind of regenerate what we're using and maximize our yield. Well, the question for me comes to mind can we do this on an individual level and I say yes we can. We have little pieces of property that we can and we can do a similar type of thing to our property. Let the plants grow a little bit more. Find the plants that you want to grow and encourage them and get rid of the plants that you don't want to grow. Start using your pets. If you're feeding your pet good food the droppings from the pet or the rabbits that you have or the chickens that you will get, getting those things and spreading that around or going down in Largo we have lots of horses in the Pinellas County area. I'll bet you you can go down there and clean somebody's stall for free and use that. That's what my dad used to do when he was in Boynton Beach. He used to twice a year go to the stalls. Can I clean your stalls for you? Oh sure.  When I had horses I had a lot of people that would go to the stalls. So this is a win-win for both situations. This is the new paradigm folks. We're going to have these shortages of food. There's no doubt in my mind that in the next 20 years there's going to be some really rough years coming ahead where you're not going to find food at the grocery stores. You better have it at home. And you're going to find out how expensive it's got. Oh it's going to triple quadruple and even five, ten times in a case. You better have the primal edge. You know what's cool? Taking something that's good for you. Something specifically formulated to help with weight loss, better sleep, stress reduction, and the need to detox. Nicar, hunter and gatherer ancestors found all their nutritional requirements for health in their wild environment. But today our food sources no longer contain the vitamins, minerals and nutrients our bodies need to stay healthy and strong. That's why we need primal edge daily nutrition. It includes a tonic, oil based vitamins, minerals, fatty and amino acids in an easy to use liquid form. Primal edge is powered by highly concentrated folic and humic acids. Nature's preferred delivery system. They've been called miracle molecules because like sunlight, air and water, life cannot exist without them. That's right Paige, they ensure we receive all the nutrition we need to be healthy and thrive. We take it every morning. Primal Edge, formulated and approved by Niko and Paige of living a primal edge in the wild. Buy it today for just $89. Click on the primal edge banner on the front page of dfnn.com. If you're a trader in the market looking for exposure to gold or gold mining equities, then now is a perfect time to sign up for Tom O'Brien's gold report. The summer is over. Gold is trading back above $1,500 and the 10 year treasury is hovering at around 1.5%. 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So we've been talking about climate change and what's going to happen with our food and boy there's some people that really get involved according to climate news network university ends red meat meals and cuts carbon. What a nice thing to do. Yeah just any university Cambridge University in England one of the richest and most famous universities in the world has ended red meat in its school outlets beef and lamb are off the ground. They state that this is their move to cut to reduce the carbon footprint of the university. And again, I'm not saying that we don't need to do things. There's a climate change coming. There's going to be a food shortage. But I think instead of just leveling with people and saying, look, we're going to go into a solar minimum and the food's going to be scarce and we're all going to have to learn to sort of work with the students. And then we're going to have to eat the rice. Yeah, I say I say do the exact opposite to start eating the meat right nice and healthy when the problems comes and when you're forced to eat the other stuff, at least you have a chance of, you know, that recovery later on. Most of the things that I've been storing over the last five years have been meat products. So tell us what meat products you're storing. Anything that's in a can in the can already cooked? Nice, okay. Each can has about 10 or 20 slices depending on the size of the can. It's already cooked, lasts for 10 years in the can, no problems. Of course, tuna, any of the kinds of fish and oysters and all those types of things. And you buy that big leg of ham. Yeah, I still have that, yeah. That is actually just for special occasions. But, you know, storing food in cans is probably good for you. Jars are good too. They tend to maybe break now and then. That's true. So, and you have to store them in kind of a situation where it doesn't get too hot. So you can't put them outside, you can't bury them. You got to put them in the house and keep them under 85 degrees if you can. Dark room cellar ideally if you have one. Yeah, but this is, you know, this is the agenda now. Everybody is coming out with a different product that is something like and looking like and some of them even bleed a little bit. I don't know exactly how they're doing it. I don't really care how they're doing it. It's my last resort as far as I'm concerned. But they're turning this into this is some big huge health movement that they're making promoting well being. And I really do feel concerned because most people will read these articles and feel Jesus, I need to do this. I need to deny these sacred animal healthy foods to my child because otherwise I'm a bad citizen. What happens to as you get older and I'm 75 now, so I can speak with authority on this. I've noticed that when my parents were in their 70s, they change eating habits a little bit. They're eating a little bit more of cereal and pastries eating less meat. Perhaps a lot of it has to do with budgets because now you're on a fixed diet and digestive fire.  So you stay away from the foods that you can't digest. I see that a lot. Of course I really think cooked meat is probably the easiest things to digest in the fat. That's a very easy thing for our body to digest. If you take plant food, it's very hard to digest in most cases. Easier to digest the real processed foods. You can't digest that and you process it down into a sugar consistency like flour. That's going to be easier to digest. Your body may have some trouble with the after effects of it, but that's not that digest the process. So that's just the crap that's in there. Because you have less nutrition, your body is kind of robbing itself of the nutrition that already has just to digest these foods that don't have it. That's the same thing that you mentioned that we're getting more and more of. The top crops. Because of these products here. What we're trying to encourage you to do is understand much of the climate crisis agenda is they know what's coming and it's going to be a shortage of food. They want to make sure the food, the masses aren't clamoring for the real healthy food. They're going to be in such a way. In other words, cows that are in the barn, eating the corn and everything like that fart a lot. Farting. Yeah, so that's really bad for the climate, you know, but you put them out in the grass, they don't do that for. That's right. That's right.  You'd be doing the same thing when you eat that stuff. Exactly. It's okay. How many people eat that? I don't know. Exactly. It's a funny thing, folks, but this is the way the world is today. So where do they start it? They started in a big major think tank university elitist school to affect change. Yeah, very interesting. And so when you're looking at the climate and you're looking at the planet and you see these shortages know where they're coming from is because the weather is getting worse and it's getting worse and worse. I mean, if you're down in the Mississippi River and now it's fall, but in the spring time, you know it floods every year, so you don't plant there.  I'm sinking sand. That's right. Yeah. There's quite a few articles I found on this one. There's another one on the university. I don't know if this is the same university but there's a whole push there. It'll be interesting to see again. We don't want to encourage eating poorly sourced animal foods. That's what we've been teaching on this show. We need to get back to where these healthy the healthy sources of these foods. However, and probably there are some people that eat too much of an animal food. Maybe maybe not. I mean, because I mean when we're talking about a double cheeseburger and probably not the thing that you and I would eat as far as I mean, if we fixed it ourselves from ground beef, not too bad because of these pasture rates and things like that. But when I think of eating meat, I certainly don't think of a cheeseburger with a bun, right? I think of a not even not a double patty even. No, no. In fact, as we've researched that as we done ourselves, our portions over the years have gotten smaller and smaller where I could eat that big piece of meat. Now I save half of it and I make sure that the fat is there. And when I look at the meat, I'm looking at the fat and I want the one that's not trimmed so much. So our perception certainly has changed and this whole thing about the climate. Yeah, it's it's it's happening. We're definitely hotter and colder in places. The climate is definitely shifting, which means that are growing air is shifting. It means that we're going to get more floods and more tornadoes, which means that's bad for growing bad for agriculture. But as we've seen from Tom, who was that that farmer, the wildlife is under stress too. That's right. It's not just us folks. Yeah. So during these times, our ancestors had a tough time because the hunting wasn't there. We're trying to say that the agriculture and hunting are not going to be there at all. So you better start prepping. That's right. That's right. So what were the first things in prepping? What do you think of when you're thinking of prepping? You have a little room in your house? I have a room where I've started putting food, and then I just kind of cycle it out. And you know, I'm glad you told me, you know, I've got tuna and I've got clams and pickled fish and you've got hamburger. You've got steaks you can put in there. There's lots of different things. Yeah, stick around folks. We've got a little bit more. So please during the break, pick up a primal edge or one shot wonder and also take a look at our health signals newsletter and pick that up too. We'll be right back. Be right back. I'm certain you are or strive to be one of the best of the best at everything you do in life. It's the most common trait that we tigers and tigers share. If you're looking to become the best of the best when it comes to managing your money, let me teach you to do what most wealth managers tell you can't be done, which is how to time the markets. I'm Steve Rhodes, author of Mastering Probability, and for the last 12 months, Timer Digest has been tracking my newsletter signals, which have earned me the ranking as their number one market timer in the nation for the S&P 500 for the last 12, 6, and 3 months. Timer Digest also ranks me as the number one market timer for gold as well. 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Now when you make this hole it's very important to do it carefully by placing a pan of hot water on the surface. Never break the ice with force or you know tipping the boiled water on it. This can kill any fish that's in there. There you go that's right. Number three, feed your birds. You know I've always enjoyed birds and seeing that different birds that come around at different seasons. Yeah and different foliage will bring different birds in. Very much though. They find it difficult to find natural foods such as berries and sec seeds, worms and fruit during the cold season so you can help out by providing some food to our little feathered friends. Yeah provide a range of seeds fresh and salted peanuts, table scraps such as cheese, fruits and apples and pears and things like that. Garden birds also love dried mealworms or waxworms which can be bought from like the pet store. Right there you go and as the cold season approaches and natural food supplies dwindle this will really help to ensure that these this wildlife continues. Yeah nothing as clean water and food will encourage visiting hedgehogs to return regularly to your garden. Mints, meat, fresh liver, tin dog food, not the fish base kind. Even scrambled eggs boy. You know you could argue that some of these foods are not their natural food but what we Niko and I are sharing is we are actually entering a period where they're not finding enough of their natural food. Yeah so this will go into the Hell Signals newsletter for the next time and we'll see you next week. Thanks for sticking around. Have a great day. Bye bye.


As India emerges from multiple lockdowns, the pandemic has not only influenced business but has entered each one of our homes. How do you manage sustaining performance and at the same time manage some of the leadership fatigue that's caused over the last 12 to 18 months? I think if we look at it in three parts, the first is health. It's perhaps the first time that the primary cause of an economic slowdown and even lockdown has been because of health at least in my career. Until now, it has been a financial crisis. It's been a policy related issue. It's been something to do with the export markets but never help. COVID-19 has challenged the normal. In fact, now there is no new normal. It will not be normal going forward. Workplaces have moved to the homes. Something that we thought even 24 months ago was not possible. So there's a lot of possibility in the way technology has helped us, in the way we have in a sense adapted ourselves. Employee health and may I say education as well because our children have lost two grades by the time vaccination will be done. But employee health, citizens health, the country's health will now gain top priority and within the immediate vaccination is the top priority. So a lot of the GDP of a country which perhaps should have been the case earlier will now be spent on the public and private health system. The second is attribute is the need for empathy. And by empathy we don't mean agreement but that I or you will strive to understand another's point of view. So it is being sensitive to the fact that there will be challenges whether it is personal, family or otherwise. The need for empathy as an attribute has gained importance perhaps like never before. The third is organization, agility, which relates to the fact that we've got to be looking forward and therefore organizations will now have to collapse and expand virtually as if it's not brick and mortar anyway. At the end of the day the first is protecting the core and what we say rock solid but resilient. So we have to remain flexible, we've got to be future ready, we've got to learn, we've got to assess risks and we've got to identify new opportunities and embrace change. Fatigue at the end of the day is and no option for the leader. We talk of leadership loneliness, it's not an option and therefore the leader has to create opportunities for himself and herself to not get into that.