then why don't we just put that into like miscellaneous as well or something because it's a small in material amount. Personally, most of the people I've seen, I kind of like to see how much the bank's taken out, even if it's small, just to make sure it is small. But that's a choice that the bookkeeper is going to make. In this case, we have a separate account, bank service charge, it's an expense, expenses that debit balances, we're going to make it go up by doing the same thing to it, which in this case would be a debit. So we have it going from zero up by the two here to two dollars. That's going to bring down the net income, the expense goes up, which brings down net income. And then the cash is the other side of the entries being recorded here. That's what's making the 82, the 80 plus the two. And so the cash has a debit balance, it's going to go down by the credit for the two dollars in that case. And now we've recorded these two transactions. So now we can say, okay, those now I can see. If we look at this same transaction in terms of our general ledger now, note that this is where we were at on our trial balance before these two transactions. We should also reflect this, this would be reflected on the general ledger as well, meaning in our GL we have as of the 28th, there's that $80 that's going to come bring it down represented by this journal entry. And here's the two dollars bringing it down represented by this journal entry. So that would also, of course, be reflected on our GL so that our new balance in the GL would be 16 to 56. So this is where we stand now. This is still where the bank statement is. So we're still not in balance, even though we've adjusted for these two amounts. What we have not adjusted for yet is, of course, these that were outstanding. So that's what we'll have to do next time. So now you'll recall that we tick and tide all this off. We've now tick and tide these off and we're left with these items, these three items. So these two, they're on our books, but they're not on the bank statement. And we wrote them as of the end of the month. So it's expected we would assume that we wrote them and they just haven't cleared yet. So that's going to be on the bank reconciliation. So the bank reconciliation should for the most part be these timing differences, meaning this is what we started with, or this is what is on the bank statement. And then we're going to say what should be on the bank statement that is not due to timing differences. Well, this 130 plus the 110 are checks that we wrote and they're not included in the ending balance on the bank statement. And they should be because it's just a timing difference. They're already out. The bank just hasn't got to them yet in order to record them. Therefore we're going to reduce the balance by that. And what that'll do is it'll bring the balance down to 1556. And of course we're still not quite there yet because our balance on the books is 16256 at this time. What's the difference? It's the deposit we haven't yet recorded, I would hope. So let's do that now. So now we've found these two. Again, these two are done, the only outstanding item being this now at this time. So we found these. So that of course will be recorded here. So now we have the outstanding deposit. Same idea. We deposited it as of the last day of the month. Therefore the bank reconciliation for the month does not yet have it. We could verify that it has passed and cleared in March, but we just want to record as of this time that that's the difference. So if we take the 15 minus the outstanding checks plus the outstanding deposit, we come up to 16256, which is now adjusted to what we have in our books. So what's the purpose of this? Now we can say this is what's on our books and it ties out exactly to what's on the bank statement so we can double verify our entries because we know exactly what the difference is. The difference is exactly what we expect it to be. It's the timing differences. And if that's the case, then we've double checked our work and we've double checked it with a very strong source being the bank. And if our cash is in reconciliation, we have a much better verification and we feel a lot more comfortable that our transactions are correct. So whether you're a large business or a small business, if you get the cash reconciled that is a huge check in order to verify the books. So obviously we can see that this ties out here. It ties out to the general ledger and it ties out to our entity balance on the trial balance. All right, so we are now able to describe what a bank reconciliation is, perform a bank reconciliation, make a needed adjustments to our books in the reconciliation process and record adjustments.


David Newman's asked were there tools so a party could aggregate all of the petitions to all candidates so that they could draft responses rather than each candidate being burdened? Yes it's a good question. So basically I mean the reason why we decided to design the tools so that it was each candidate is because the political party system in Argentina is going through significant changes. It's a very weak party system so candidates pretty much run their digital campaigns, their social media, you know with their specific teams. So even though political parties have you know some sort of a like nationwide strategy they pretty much run their campaigns by themselves with community managers you know managing their own communication. So instead of focusing on on political parties where we may have you know one shot you know to engage with them and they might say yes or no you know as a political party we decided you know to go with important candidates very strategic districts. So with that we have the capacity to escalate a lot you know the the profiles and also to make sure that the critical candidates in the critical districts were able to create a profile. Okay I'm kind of linked into that. What was the value of doing that kind of proactive engagement with with campaigns and candidates versus them doing it themselves? Are more candidates coming to you? Yes the effect is very it's very interesting because it was the first time we were reaching out to candidates. I mean as Leandro said in 2019 we have a total of 140 responses that means that we have also responses from the private sector and also from people that are not candidates okay like like mayors or politicians that were not candidates. So we use this strategy of reaching out during the campaign so that now I mean we are positioned as a platform that they can engage you know with a large amount of people I mean it's a imagine you know that that for for a politician engaging directly with 150,000 you know people that sign a petition that it's target to that specific you know candidate or politician is a magnificent you know communication tool. So no one you know is giving them you know some sort of an audience you know that where they can tailor a message that it's catered you know to that specific you know people that are asking for specific you know changing policy or something like that. So now what we are seeing is and we're changing a little bit the strategy based on the learnings from last year what we are seeing is that on Twitter whenever I mean we they see that they're mentioned on a petition they reach out to us you know to say how can I respond and then that's a way that we have you know to sell them the profile on Change.org. Okay over to you Lucia. How difficult is it I mean the pledge tracker obviously it covers it covers quite a lot. How difficult is it to link and you know to encourage standardization of data on you know all of these kinds of things like open contracting, beneficial ownership etc. I mean is that is that kind of standardization standardization sorry something that you're very interested in or is it literally just it's almost it almost doesn't matter as long as they're putting it out in some way. So I guess the fact that that they are actually publishing something it's already important in a way but I guess that as we see from this project there are many very complex topics that need to be addressed and supported by civil society organizations working on specific spaces. So let's say so the open contracting partnership or open ownership on beneficial ownership so the more that we can link civil society organizations and other entities that are supporting this implementation with the government and the more that high level commitments can be trickled down into agencies and the specific departments can see what is feasible and what is not. I think that's the way forward. I mean pledge tracking is just a very general process but then when we get to each specific type of area so let's say beneficial ownership it becomes so much more complex because it's not only about creating public registers it's also about starting with the legislation if there's a definition of official ownership if there is you know a standard way in which this is published if there's way of verifying the data afterwards so obviously these are very complex topics and I cannot talk about all of them but the more we can link them to the relevant organizations working in the field and the more that they can the governments can learn from these experts I guess that's that's the way forward I would say. I'm just linking into that I mean has transparency international actually any activities in place to increase the kind of civic engagement and and monitoring of anti-corruption commitments made by their governments. Yes so yeah of course so I mentioned a few examples but many of the chapters are currently working with with citizens to actually increase engagement on this so I mentioned Ti Sri Lanka for example they they do a lot with citizens they have recently then you know put out a storytelling let's say call for proposals where actually amateurs can do videos on how corruption affects them and and how to for example engage and so let's say youth engagement on corruption issues or also they are working with investigative journalists so there's many initiatives out there going on in South Africa as well they try to engage youth participation on the development of the national anti- corruption strategy so yeah there are plenty of ways in which they are engaging on specific commitments and linking citizens with the with the process. Great thank you very much again as ever more questions than we have time for and very sorry but thank you so much to Lucia to Leandro and to guest on for those incredible presentations once again as we say we'll get all the information out once we are back in work tomorrow.


We are here with a CTN member highlight. This time we're featuring the main college of art and their upcoming art sale And with me today is Deetland VanderSkaaff, a development officer at Mecca. Thank you very much for joining us. Of course, my pleasure. So this is an annual event. It is. This is our second time holding the art sale We got started about a year and a half ago in the summer But it's going to be our fall event. And this isn't just your usual art sale It's both benefiting the artists and the school, right? Exactly. Yeah We're thinking of it as a win-win-win in that it benefits the artists that are participating It also benefits Mecca scholarship funds. So you're supporting the next generation of artists And I think that for people coming to the event they get to have a, you know, beautiful piece of original artwork So it's a win-win for them as well. And sometimes when people think of art They think of some of them that hang on the wall. There's quite a range of different kinds of items that you have Yeah, that's a good point. We have furniture. We have jewelry. We have prints You know, there's photography. There are paintings, but there's a real wide range of media as well as prices and sizes too So I think that, you know, anyone coming to the event could find something for themselves And there is quite a few artists involved in this. This isn't just students, is it? Exactly. Yeah, it's not just students It is current BFA and MFA students, but it's also alumni from a variety of different decades. It's faculty It's continuing studies students. It's continuing studies faculty. It's visiting artists So it's really the community around Mecca and within Mecca as well. So with all those people you must have quite a few Total people involved with this and a lot of items. We have over 200 participating artists this year Which is a sizable increase from our last art sale and we'll have almost 700 items. Wow, that's really impressive So there's going to be some kind of reception open to the public. Yeah, so the event is Columbus Day weekend It's Thursday Friday and Saturday. The event will start on Thursday morning at 10 a.m We open to the public and that Friday night we will have an artist reception. Oh, and what's that going to be like? Well, we'll invite all of the participating artists to come and so anyone who wants to come to the event at that particular time Could have a chance to meet the artists from whom they purchase work And now you mentioned this is a chance for some people to start a collection of art, right? There must be kind of a range of prices because people who used to collecting art usually used to spending quite a bit of money Right and if somebody wants to buy work from an established artist such as Connie Hayes They can find something here at the art sale, but there's also work by emerging artists and so I think there really is a range I mean I think that you could find something to add to an established collection Or you could find something to start a collection with and now how successful has this been you've already had one, right? Yes, yeah, we were really successful in our first year So we're hoping to build on that momentum and have an even bigger art sale this year Would you like to talk a little bit about the scholarship fund and why it's important? Yeah, the scholarship fund is hugely important And that is our biggest fundraising initiative at the college and that is that we really are hoping to you know Have our students graduate with minimal debt Student debt and we're also really hoping to support them, you know through our scholarship fund at the college So this event helps to do so is there's some place where people can go for more information. They can yeah There's two places actually one you could go to our website Which is mecca.edu backslash art sale and you can find all the details as well as a list of participating artists And I think I would just add that if you're interested in learning more about what's happening at mecca You can also sign up for our newsletter on our website And that's an e-newsletter that comes out once a month this month at mecca tells you all the things that are happening the visiting artists lecture series and Exhibitions that sort of thing great sounds like a great way to get to know mecca as well as get some good art I think so. I hope we'll be able to find something for everybody. Great. Well. Thank you very much for joining us. Thank you


Python on hardware.  Congratulations, the entire community, everyone who works on the newsletter. And most of all, congratulations and who heads up to newsletter. I used to do it and took it over. We are now up to 250 Python on microcontroller newsletter editions. You can see it every single week. It covers everything Python on hardware. It doesn't have to be circuit Python. It's micro Python. It's regular old Python. I was just like through like language stuff in there like this. Yeah, Python in Excel is a thing. There's a lot of Python in our lives when I was doing an article about open hardware certifications. Lots of Python happened to be used for the way I was getting data out. So you can check out all the stuff. There's events that are going on. It's projects that the community is up to. If you want to see what we think is the big trend that's going on in hardware scripting languages on microcontrollers, there is no better resource. So big ups and it's a lot of work every single week. It doesn't cost anything. There's no ads. We have a completely separate site called Adaford Daily that you can go to and separate because we don't want your customer information mixed up with newsletter stuff because people should sign in to a site to buy stuff and there should be another place for newsletters and more and you shouldn't get spammed. But part two of our Python on hardware this week is some circuit Python news. We have I think one of the bigger things that's going to change microcontroller is for makers, which is being able to have all sorts of shapes and easy ways to get stuff on display. So Ada, you got a demo this week. What is going on? Because we've been publishing round displays, square displays, bar displays. What's going on with all these displays and why is it such a big deal? And why does the little expressive entity have a hat? What's going on? I know why he's friendly. She's friendly. I don't know if it's here. It's friendly. Okay, so if you go to the overhead, I have a demo and this is actually GIF IO. So this is a GIF that is being drawn from the memory inside this one board, one board fell. ESP 32 S3 board. And this is a, the S3 has a special peripheral that allows it to drive what are called like dot clock or RGB TTL displays. This display is 720 by 720 pixels. It has capacitive touch as well, although we don't have that working just yet. We're going to do that next. This is the capacitive touch chip.  But what if you want to drive like big displays around displays or bar displays, those tend to use this 40 pin RGB TTL interface and not a lot of microcontrollers support them because you did a lot of memory. You have to buffer the entire image. And it's like, you know, getting into the two megabytes of video RAM required. But the ESP 32 S3 has this one in particular has eight megabytes of PS RAM, which is plenty of PS RAM to have it drive this display.  So it's definitely for, you know, if you have a project that's very display focused, and you want to drive these large images, large image displays, it's not good for, okay, I want to have it to us also, and I also want to have an SD card and I want this display, and I want tons of sensors, like there is a limitation. But this is one of the few, few microcontrollers out there that can even drive these displays. So making it work with circuit Python will make it really, really easy because usually it's quite hard to wire these up and configure them and initialize them. So we're going to have example code for all of them. This is a square display, but you know, as I mentioned, and you'll see right on the show, we have round bar, half round displays, seven inches, you know, high density, three inches. We have this gigantic round one that's like, you know, four inch diagonal.  It's very interesting stuff because this is I've had these displays for a while. Actually, I had this in my bin for a couple of years waiting until there was a way for me to drive them. Okay. And so stay tuned to pretty much everywhere we publish because it's happening fast. Every day we're making more progress across all these different displays. We have cool new ideas. We have round displays that can do stuff with Wi-Fi. So that's pretty much unlocks everything. It's gonna be neat. Yeah. And that is our Python on hardware news for this week. Don't forget, once again, sign up for the newsletter, deliberate every single week. If you see Ann online, say good work, Ann. Awesome. 250. It's a lot. Yeah. All right. It's time to talk about some...


hey everyone welcome to figure fantasy so we're going to be going over galatea's review after a few months since we launched this game so we're gonna be going over all the positions that they have brand allies that they are you know compatible with advantages needs and future figures that are dropping for this faction or this brand so starting off with galatea as defender obviously this is I think the one bright spot that is shining in galatea I don't think there are other highlighted figures in this group I think there's a few but I think Ayane is I think most especially special because of what she does and when she came in she really changed the dynamic of of galatea as a group um sad to say yuki was supposed to be um is actually a good defender but she doesn't she won't really cut it because she's only at max level 160 but definitely if you're beginner if you're in the mid game she will really help you carry your team if you don't have if you don't have Ayane in your lineup okay for the vanguards we have Midori of course Midori probably is beginner would do but not so much for the mid game up to to the end game then you have Zhao Yun where is he okay my thoughts on this guy is when I was starting out he used to carry my team so again he could be up to the mid game as well not so much with the end game um he's good survivability but not too good of a damage although he has kind of a AOA sudo AOE damage wherein his ultimate passes through the other unit at the back but definitely not enough damage for a vanguard so let's move on to the militarist for this one starting with Ryoma first again not both Midori and him actually have the same more or less matching outfit but not really one of the best militarist for Galatea and again never mind the one that is in a spotlight it used to be the carry for Galatea is Lubu so Lubu and Ayane both are I think the bright spots of this this brand Lubu fantastic damage dealer really has a good synergy with the team and let's move on to specialists so we have first um where's Akechi Akechi Mitsuhide uh good for good for for ignite but that is his extent actually um his buffs those he's not his kit is really lackluster aside from those that I mentioned so again he I think he needs a rework a bit next on our specialist is going to be Osuke so for Osuke Okada I mixed reviews with him some are saying that he's good some are saying he's bad for me I think he only shines in a couple of stages within the game slowing down hordes could be it but not even the damage so again Osuke is going to be your specialist in slowing down enemies on the other side so next is going to be our helpers which is Zauyu starting with Zauyu one I think one one of the top three in terms of healing is going to be Zauyu a lot of buffs as well and I I actually sometimes prefer him over Mako depending on some situations but the other one that is shining as well I forgot about her from the helpers is going to be Eryxia so Eryxia you have Eryxia you have Lubu and you have Ayane those three are your carries for Galatea um Eryxia once you get her up to at least five star pink and above she's going to be very very good um particularly in PVP in 5-1-5 matches she's going to be terrific for you okay next we have our brand allies so brand allies starting with Millim so Millim is going to compliment them more they need um definitely firepower um in terms of military so she is also a good compliment for Lubu then you have Zuki Liang of course he's going to be everywhere he's going to compliment everybody in this um in this game and you have Eryx also you can compliment her with with Ayane and she she and Ayane can carry a defensive front and the last one would be Ayakino or the other one um if you don't have Ay obviously you can use Sakura but again compliment uh she can really compliment your team as well she can compliment Lubu also as militarists okay so as far as advantage is concerned at this point I don't see them having an advantage as a faction they are just building themselves up not you Galatea so um they're just building themselves up and so far they haven't built their identity yet okay needs for this faction definitely a solid vanguard that can deal a lot of damage not Zhaoyun obviously and also a specialist um they need one in that area as well so let's uh let's go to the reinforcements or the future figures that have been dropping for this faction so you have here first and foremost your uh first uh vanguard which is going to be Kizuna Al or Kizuna AI I'm not sure if this is an L or an A L or an I but Kizuna is going to be one of your uh top vanguards for Galatea the next that will be dropping it's going to be um Date Masamune so Date Masamune again another one but he's going to be I think a tier for Galatea the next would be this unknown girl please name her for me I don't know what her name is based on the translation so so far I don't know her name she is a specialist definitely Galatea needs a specialist and the last one dropping which is everybody's um you know everybody's looking forward to him is Ultraman so another vanguard for you guys for Galatea so all the three vanguards I think most of you guys will be going for Ultraman not so much for the other two that I mentioned and also this girl the unknown girl that I'm not sure what her name is so please put her name in the comment section and you know tell me who she is and also um what are your thoughts about Galatea as a faction will they will this you know will this group of reinforcements be enough to propel them to be at par with the two other factions so again they need a lot of love for from our devs so hopefully Galatea can have their own identity in terms of a faction in terms of the brand and that is it guys so hopefully this review of you know of the recent developments for Galatea helped you and if you're still here please do consider subscribing because this helps my channel a lot thank you guys take care stay safe this is the warden and I'm out of here


Please tell us a little bit more about deep reinforcement learning for AFM. Yeah, so today I would like to tell you about how we train the deep reinforcement learning agent to manipulate individual items. So this work is a collaboration of myself and several of my colleague from Alto University and the Finnish Center for artificial intelligence. Yeah, so in this project we also try to explore how machine learning can help us do experiments. In particular, we focus on using deep reinforcement learning technique here. So in reinforcement learning, we usually have a agent. So in this case we will represent it with a deep neural network, and we wanted to achieve a certain goal. So, for example, it could be that we wanted to control a robot arm to manipulate an object to a target position. And this is how the training would go. So at each time step, the agent will receive an input information about the environment. So this is called a state. And so in the robot arm example, this information could involve the position of the object and the target position, and maybe the position of the arms. And based on this information, the agent will take action. So in the robot arm example, this might mean that it could move the robot arm around. And then, and then this action will have some sort of effect on the environment. Based on the this effect and the goal we have in this problem, we will give the agent and reward. So this reward is very important because this is how we encode the goal and communicated to the agent. In reinforcement learning, the agents are usually designed to maximize the overall reward. So if after collecting some enough training data and this reward signal, the agent should be able to know how to achieve the goal. Up to now deep reinforcement learning has been mostly used in games or simulated environments because that's where it's easier to get training data. But recently, as deep reinforcement learning become more efficient and stable. They have also been used in some real world scientific experiments. For example, in this example, they use, use it to control super pressure balloons. And recently there is also a work where they use, use it to control nuclear fusion experiments. So here in our work, we want to expand the application to atomic scale experiments. And the question we want to answer here is, can we train the deep reinforcement learning agent to manipulate individual atoms. So maybe a lot of you are familiar. The experiments people usually do to manipulate atoms are in scanning tunneling microscope. So this is how scanning my microscope look like in the lab. So inside this big vacuum chamber, we have a very sharp tip like this. And when it, when it get very close to a substrate, there will be a quantum tunneling electrical current that flows between them. And this electrical current is very sensitive to the material of the tip and the substrate, and also their distance and this sensitivity allow us to take atomic resolution images of the substrate. And besides imaging it also allow us to manipulate individual atoms and create different type of structures like, like this here. So after this technique was invented in the 1990s. A lot of researchers has been using it to do all sort of different things. For example, it's a very good way to express their creativity, like making a movie or some art. In condensed matter physics, researchers have been using has been using this technique to assemble new type of materials with properties that doesn't exist in nature. And they can do it atom by atom by precisely placing atoms in where they want. And it's also a very maybe a unique way to push the boundary of how small we can make computational material devices. For example, in these three works here researchers have been using this technique to make small memory logic gates and Boltzmann machine based on moving around individual atoms. So as you can imagine to build all these structures and maybe operating these devices. It's, it will require really thousands or maybe even more operations manipulation steps, and this is extremely labor intensive in the lab. So one of the important motivation for our work here is that if different enforcement learning agent can take over the atom manipulation part, we will be able to do this atomic assemble assembly autonomously. And, okay, so before jumping into the details of our experiments. You might be wondering if it's difficult to manipulate atoms, and what are the challenges that deeper enforcement learning agent need to solve. So, in fact, it's not difficult to move atoms. We do it unintentionally in the lab all the time and also in our life. But what is difficult is to be able to move the atom precisely to put it exactly where we want it. And this is difficult because it right requires us to have a very good control of the interaction between the tip and the atom. And to do that, we need to set the correct manipulation parameter depending on the exact atomic configuration of the tip. And that is something we don't usually know. And that's also something that would change with time spontaneously. And so without this knowledge it becomes quite challenging to, to reach this position. Okay, so here I'll start talking about our experiments. So in order to use any reinforcement learning technique. Before that we have to put the atom manipulation into the reinforcement learning framework. So first we need to define the goal of that the agent should try to achieve. Here we define the goal is that the agent should try to should learn to manipulate atoms precisely in this stochastic environment. To learn to achieve this goal we need to design a learning environment. So it's a bit like designing a game that it can play. And there is several standard parts that we will need to set. So here we decide that in each training episode the agent can make up to five manipulation steps. And at each time step, the agent will receive some information about the environment, which is called the state that include the position of the atom and the position of the target. Based on this information, the agent can take action that involves moving the tip around and while applying a current and the bias. So here you might see that this is a bit similar to atomic arm examples. So here it's a bit like we are trying to design an atomic, not atomic robotic arm. So here it's a bit like we are designing a robotic arm that is capable of moving atoms. And then we need to decide on the reward that the agent will receive. So here, how we design it is that the reward will be separated into two parts here. So the first part depends on how much the manipulation error has improved based on the specific action. And the second part depends on whether the agent was able to move the atom towards the target position within some tolerance range. Okay, so these are the rules. Okay. And, and to do so. Yeah, so this was our first experiments and here we choose the material system is the one we choose is a silver so everything here is silver include the tip are coated in silver and the substrate and the atom we manipulate are also silver. So then we are ready to apply deeper enforcement learning models. So here, the, the model that we choose to use is called the software actor critic. So the word soft here refers to the fact that here, the agents are not only encouraged to maximize the reward. It's also encouraged to maximize the entropy of its action, which means that it should try to achieve the goal, but you should try to do it, but it, but you should try to do it in the most diverse way possible. So you should try to find all the possible solution to this problem. And on top of this model, we also use some experience replay technique that can help us improve data efficiency. Here we use the high sign experience replay. So what this does is that he helps the agent to learn from experiences where it, it actually moved the atom to the wrong positions. And another technique we use is the prioritizing recent experience replay. So what it does is encourage the agent to learn more heavily from recent experiences, and that's from ancient experiences. And here is our training results. So during training, we, we monitored this for values. And as you can see here, in the beginning of training, the agent was receiving very low reward and has very low success rate and has a very high manipulation error. But towards the end of the training, the agent was the reward improved and it could reach 100% success rate, which means it's 100% of the time it's able to move the atom to the target position within the tolerance range. And here, we can also see that it's able to reach a manipulation error that is very low. So this is below the theoretically possible error determined by the geometry of this silver 111 surface. And the episode lens also decreased, which means that the agent has been trying to complete this task with as few manipulation step as possible. So here we terminated this training when the agent reached 100% success rate for extended amount of time. And that took us about 6000 manipulations, and that means 40 hours in the lab. And, okay. And here we also mark the three times where we observe that the manipulation tip has significantly changed. And, and you can see here that every time when the tip changes significantly, the performance will decrease, but after some retraining the performance will improve again. So that is an indication that the, the continue the deeper enforcement learnings ability to continue to learn actually make them quite adaptable to environmental changes. And that is something that that is maybe better than any sort of fixed manipulation parameters we would usually use. So here we show that for different tip conditions. We compare the reinforcement learning agents performance with sets of a set of manipulation parameters which are the horizontal dash line here. And you can see here that these parameters that are hand tuned by experimentalist, they don't always do well so every time the tip change they might just deteriorate. But the deep reinforcement learning agent after some training you can always reach near optimal performances. So here, then finally here it's a video that shows what a trend agent is doing in this learning environment. So, in every episode we will give a new random target to the agent and, and it should try to move the atom which is the blue dot here towards this position. And here you can see that it's, it's capable of doing that. So, once we have this trend agent, then we are ready to combine it with some other classical algorithms and make a fully autonomous atomic assembly software. So we combine it with two path planning algorithms, the Hungarian algorithm and the rapidly exploring random tree algorithm. And here, as a demonstration we use them to make this 42 atom structure. So they, it was able to do it autonomously and with atomic precision. Yeah, so in summary. We showed that yes deeper enforcement learning agent is able to learn to manipulate atoms and it's able to do it with optimal precision and against changes in the environment. And, and it was able to do it was a and the training duration and the amount of data it required was reasonable. And so going beyond this work, we are interested in using similar technique to do more challenging tasks in the lab. So in manipulation tasks that could mean manipulating molecules or atoms that are more difficult to manipulate. And even things that maybe we don't as experimental this we don't know how to manipulate yet. And here is the paper that describes our work here. And thank you very much. Okay, we have questions already. Thank you very much for this amazing talk. So, could you elaborate a little bit more on the multiple atom case, because I imagine if you want to build this 42 atom structure. So there's a little bit more decisions to take right because the agent has nowhere to take the atoms from and which order to build up the structure so is this given like sequentially a single atom 42 single atom manipulation that the agent is supposed to do, or does it decide, you know, how to build the structure from scratch. So, yeah, so, so here the deep reinforcement learning part, the agent only know how to handle one atom to one position. So, to build a bigger structure we kind of outsource the rest of the thing to these two path planning techniques. So the Hungarian algorithm is, so we have 42 atoms and 42 positions is should try to minimize that this the overall distance, the old atoms need to travel and rapidly exploring random tree algorithms so this is not an optimal algorithm so it's a, so after we deciding okay Adam a go to position. One, you should try to find a path that doesn't that protected from colliding with other atoms. So, so the collision is also a problem here, but but it doesn't know how to do that in the shortest path but just in the safe way. Thank you for the, for the really great talk. Just maybe one silly question and maybe said that I missed it but this is in the simulated environment right. This is not actually in the lab. This is actually in the lab.  Um, we did in the simulated environment was just to make sure that everything works as he should but otherwise we started with a randomly initialize agent in the lab that was that didn't see any simulated data. Okay, pretty cool. Thank you. Okay, and last question from Kevin. Thank you for the nice talk. I was wondering whether, like if we change the chemistry of the substrate, would we need to restart from scratch the machine learning, or yeah what was your opinion this. Yeah, so, um, we didn't try that but I, I would think that some level of retraining will be required. So, um, so I didn't mention this but like in the actions that the agent is allowed to take there is certain range of bias for example, you can only apply a certain range of bias so if what we want to do is like out of range. You will not be able to handle it. So it doesn't have like this general intelligence. It's just optimization problem. Okay, then let's move on. Thank you again. And our next talk comes from nearby from Cynthia Estebanowska from Ljubljana.


Okay, well, thank you for having me here and thank you for being here as well. My name is David Garces Urza-Inki. I'm a PhD candidate at Free University Amsterdam and I'll be presenting a joint work with colleagues from the University of Jerusalem on recent poverty dynamics and vulnerability patterns in Tanzania. So I'll maybe give some introductory remarks about how this work came together. So if we look at the public policy discussions and also research when we think about the evolution of poverty, what generally is discussed, we speak about the evolution of mainly poverty rates over a given period of time. What we have is a collection of snapshots of the income distribution and then we see how this rate or maybe the gap is evolving, but we tend to pay much less attention at the dynamics of particular households. What are the poverty trajectories in and out of poverty that different households follow? There are different reasons why this focus has been like this. One main issue is that data constraints as standard poverty dynamics analysis requires panel data and that's while the availability is growing quite a lot in developing countries, it's much less available than repeated cross-section service. And maybe also part of the reason for this focus on how poverty, like the static, the evolution of these snapshots of poverty is that at least until the pandemic, the policy discussion on the reduction of poverty was often dominated by a sort of optimism where poverty was going down, maybe not fast enough, maybe not everywhere, but in general it was about bringing this, like there was hope not to be this rate down, so it was mainly thinking about issues like the growth elasticity of poverty and how can we make this reduction go faster? Now the setback to poverty reduction efforts that has been delivered by the pandemic emphasizes that progress might be reversible and that it is important to think about a vulnerability to poverty households that in this particular moment where we look at the data are above the poverty line, but are prone to falling below it when we look at it again in a few years and in general about these dynamic issues. And while the pandemic has helped to bring these issues to the forefront, it's something not exclusive of it. Like you don't need a global shock for poverty dynamics and vulnerability to be important. Households face many shocks, in particular poor households and we need to be thinking about these issues generally. It's a structural feature of developing economies. So this work is part of an attempt, I mean, and this is important for public policy, but also for research to give insights on how are different households classified into different poverty dynamics and how that might help policy makers to think about how to address these different forms of poverty. So this study is an attempt to, is part of a collection of several countries studies over initially five countries to provide a systematic assessment of poverty dynamics in several countries that are, let's say, make an important contribution to global poverty accounts. And this is work that was funded under the data and evidence to end extreme poverty program coordinated by University of Copenhagen and Oxford Policy Management. And these five countries studies appeared in a recent special issue in the review of development studies. So something that all these studies share and that will be also apparent in the work I'm presenting today is that to overcome these data constraints they apply synthetic panel techniques on repeated cross-section service. And they also, due to the timing when they were conducted, we look always at pre-pandemic data but also try to think how these results can be interpreted in the, well in the face of a world that has suffered a pandemic that had some impacts on the income distribution of many different countries. So why is looking at Tanzania interesting? Well, Tanzania is among the countries accounting for, like if you rank counters by how many of the global extreme poor, according to the international line of the World Bank, the account for Tanzania is one of the countries that contributes most. It's depending on the years or how you of course you computed the price and so on, four or five percent is something reported. It's also known that it's a context of high vulnerability and a lot and transcend poverty and that will also appear in my work and when speculating about the interaction with COVID-19 and also for future work that will have actual data on that, it's a country that followed an unconventional response. As we will see there. These are aspects that make looking at Tanzania interesting apart from of course people that are interested per se in Tanzania. So what I will be doing, I will be looking at poverty dynamics and vulnerability in so-called normal times with, so speaking of 2011-12 to 2017-18 and applying synthetic panel methods to the most recent data from the large household survey that underlies the official poverty statistics and then look a bit like what are the levels of persistent poverty, what are the levels of transcend poverty, vulnerability profiles and then try to think how these relate to what we know by now of or what we knew by then on what has, which people have suffered more from the economic impact of COVID-19. So to give a little bit of background, Tanzania has experienced during the decade of the 2010s and until the pandemic sustained economic growth. We're speaking about 6% real GDP per capita growth in that period, but that did not translate into substantial poverty reduction. Now if we look at the last period between 11-12 and 17-18, we only see like a reduction by two points in the basic needs poverty rate with the national poverty line, which by the way is way below the international poverty line. So we have a situation where growth is not sufficiently translating into poverty reduction and we have well, relatively high levels of poverty. So on the data methodology again, and we'll be looking at the most recent household budget service and they fetch around 10,000 households and are the basis for national poverty statistics and at the time of writing, they were the most recent data on welfare or on consumption in the country. By now there might be, I think there's a new wave of the national panel survey, but even then there are some reasons why it's interesting to do this exercise with synthetic panic techniques on the HBS. First that the sample is much larger than what you can find in panels, which allows us to disaggregate better by different regions. I mean this last HBS is representative by region, so we'll be able to look at regions. And also, well, there are some discrepancies between both services and since this is the basis for national poverty statistics in terms to look at it. So to give a quick introduction how these synthetic panel methods work. So the standard situation, the standard board dynamics analysis would have panel data and then we observe a set of households at a given period of time and we observe, at least those that can be tracked, the same set of households in period two and there might be issues with waiting and household splitting and so on, but then it's a simple counting exercise. Know how many of the households that were initially in poverty remain in poverty in period two. Of course the complication with repeated cross sections is that we observe different samples at different periods. Here we have, at first period, we observe these people, the blue circle and in period two we observe these different households in the red circle. So the question is, well, I can know how these people are doing now and how these people are doing now, but I don't know how, for instance, these people would have been doing in period two. So what synthetic panel try to do is to combine the information system data set to make the best possible gates or to get the best possible estimate. So the core of the method is building regression models based on time invariant regressors. Regressors that do not change over time. This could be age of the household head, ethnicity, education of the household head, region of birth, and then basically we get two different models, one for each period of time, where we get the association of these time invariant characteristics with income. What we can do then is, okay, let's say, in this case, let's imagine we are predicting forward for households in period one. Let's try to guess what this household would have got in period two. And what we do is we take the characteristics from these households because they don't change over time. So six years later, they would have been the same characteristics and we use the returns because it's not causal of these characteristics that we know from the other household survey, from the household survey that was running period two. And this will give us a part of the mobility, the one that is predicted by the model. And then if we can try to make estimates of how large are these quantities of people that remain in poverty, people that transition in or out of poverty. The important assumption here, of course, is that the estimations we get, the estimates we get, the bitters we get for this population are valid for this one. So we require a certain degree of stability of the population and also the survey being run in a comparable fashion. And then we, of course, we need to think about these error parameters. Because a large part of income will remain unexplained and depending on how we model this, we will obtain one result or other. And well, I'll say a bit more about this, but in posting certain structure we can then estimate for each household make a guess of what would have been the probability, for instance, of having escaped poverty, of having fallen back into poverty, like being above the poverty line in period one and below in period two. And also, this for all the different states, also for being below poverty in this period and then aggregate up by subgroup or at the national level. And this will give us, like if our assumptions are correct, it will give us a decent estimate of what are these quantities, of households that stay in poverty, escape poverty, and so on. So for the details on how we model, how we deal around more in these residuals, we use the technique introduced by Dan and Nanjo in 2013, which has two elements. One is on the slide, which is we assume that the residuals are a log normally half a, by variate log normal distribution. This could be refined, but it's not very problematic. The question is, the key question here is to back out of what is the correlation of this residual, not the inter temporal correlation of this residual. How much of this unexplained component of income you will be carrying forward to the next period because that's going to be very important to know how persistent poverty is. And well, Dan and Nanjo's are just a way that this can be derived from the inter temporal correlation of income, basically how income is correlated over time. And what we do in this paper is since there is, we take advantage of this panel data from a neighboring period and use the inter temporal income correlation from there to from there derive the inter temporal correlation of these residuals. And with these elements at hand, we can, I mean, we have some, we have a distribution of assumptions for this probability of the, and we can compute the transitions. Our income model is going to include age, education and region of birth of the household head. And yes, so that's for the poverty transitions. For analyzing vulnerability, we also need a vulnerability line. And what we do in this study, instead of, let's say what's often done is choosing more or less arbitrarily a level directly. Let's say twice the poverty line or 1.5 to the poverty line. What we do here instead is we like, we set up a so-called vulnerability index, which is the conditional probability. So how, when I call a household vulnerable, what does it mean? What is the probability? No, what the probability that these vulnerable households fall into poverty. So we choose that level. And this case is gonna be 30%. So the vulnerable households are gonna be those that when we look at them, their conditional probability of falling into poverty is going to be 30%. And so this can be seen since we have data for two periods, we can see empirically, okay, at what level of the vulnerability line, we have that 30% of those households fall into poverty in the next period. You can imagine, and in this way, this index implicitly defines a vulnerability line. If you set the vulnerability line very high, then you're gonna have a relatively low probability of falling into poverty because it will include very rich households. As you make the vulnerability line lower, this probability of falling into poverty is gonna be higher. So at some point, you will hit the point where it corresponds to the index you are choosing. And in our case, it results in a vulnerability line that is around, well, it's 46.8% higher than the poverty line. Okay, coming to results. This was a bit too, to be a bit background of the technique. Coming to results, these are like the core results of the paper, which are the poverty dynamics at the national level. So if we try to understand this, this is the state in 2012, poor or non-poor, and the transition to the state in 2018, poor or non-poor. If we look as a share of the total population, we see that about 12.5% of the population remained in persistent poverty. Around 60% was out of poverty in both periods. And we have that transient poverty in total was around 30%. If we look at conditional probability, this is a lot of, this is very high transient poverty and a lot of mobility. If we look at conditional probabilities, we see that, well, the probability for poor people to escape poverty is quite high, but also for initially non-poor people to fall into poverty is around 20%. This is over the whole average, over the whole set of initially non-poor people. Okay, in the interest of time, let's look a bit of poverty and vulnerability profiles. What are the factors that are important for association with persistent poverty or with being vulnerable or being secure, which is the households that are above the vulnerability line? We see that the area of residence is very important. That, I mean, there is a lamb. Okay, this is presented in terms of ratios, ratios to the national average. So for instance, in Darn Salam, we would have that, like households are 60% more likely to be secured than in the average in the country. We also see that education is very important. Households above secondary education have almost non-existent probabilities of being persistently poor. Also much higher probabilities of being secure. Demographics, well, just shortly, like all their households and larger households have a bit more adverse situation, although that's not so marked as with education. If we look at the regional patterns, we can see that persistent poverty is very concentrated in the Northwest.  So in Kilimanjaro and the area around Darn Salam, we're speaking about below 55%, while in Northwest we're speaking of levels close to 20, 25%, while in poverty, if we look at conditional probabilities to exit poverty, we see that they are highest, well, they are lowest in the region where persistent poverty is higher, but where they are higher, it's not like, let's say, the less the areas with the least persistent poverty, but in these areas in the Southwest. And this is something that we could not know without these dynamic analysis. So, then maybe to quickly think about the relation of these results in normal times to COVID, to COVID, Tanzania's COVID-19 response has been a bit unconventional, especially because after an early phase where some measures were taken for a relatively long period, the reaction of the country, let's say, was a bit different to the international standards and didn't take many measures, but from March 21, there has been a, with the change of president, there has been a gradual convergence to more standard response. So, this lack of preventive measures for macroeconomic performance, it seems that, I mean, it has led to a comparatively good, so there has been positive real GDP growth over 2020 and 2021, although lower than what was the regular rate and the economy is mainly recovering. So, if we look at what some reports are saying about the mainly affected sectors of groups, we're speaking about the tourist sector and there have been lots of formal jobs and also income losses for informal workers in urban areas. So, now if we look at how, and let's focus maybe here on the right figure, how these households that have been economically impacted by COVID, compared in terms of poverty dynamics to the national average, it turns out that this new vulnerable would be suffering from lower levels of persistent poverty and enjoying high levels of security, that's the yellow bar, then the average household. So, in a sense, we can't be speaking about new vulnerable. This means that we might need some specific new policies for addressing them, but also that we cannot forget the structurally vulnerable to poverty. And that's a bit the conclusion, one of the conclusions from this study, that I mean, while COVID-19 has been useful of bringing this, well, has been terrible, that has been useful in bringing this vulnerability considerations to the forefront, we need to think broader, when we think about vulnerability and this is going to affect also different households. Also, when we face different shocks like now food price inflation, yes, it's important to respond to current conditions, but there is also a structural vulnerability in the economy, which in the case of Tanzania is relatively high because at least 30% of people were in transit poverty between 2012 and 2018. And this again, when thinking more broadly about poverty reduction, if we look at the poverty assessment at a given point of time, it's important to remember that, I mean, yes, this line is meaningful and it's important to focus on the people that are below, but also the people that are right above or a bit above are going to be in risk of poverty, so policies should also be thinking about them. And again, that goes a bit back to the beginning, as long as we have that growth translated efficiently into poverty reduction, we're going to be suffering from these structural vulnerability issues. Okay.


Now, let's see how we can use PCR technology to sequence DNA. I will remind you that genome project which was basically sequencing human genome. 2.7 billion US dollars were spent to sequencing human genome. That's how important it was. It took 13 years to sequence the human genome. Let's see how we can sequence a DNA segment using PCR technology. First of all, let me introduce you to the DNA nucleotides once again. We are familiar with ribonucleosides. We are familiar with the deoxyribonucleosides. Here I'm going to introduce you a new type. This is D-dioxy, di-doxyribonucleoside. As you know, the carbon atom number 3 has the 3 prime hydroxyl, which is required for extending the DNA, DNA chain. If the 3 prime hydroxyl is not present, the DNA new nucleotide cannot be added to the growing DNA fragment. So, we use the di-doxyribonucleosides in a PCR reaction for sequencing. Let's see how that is done. We make 4 different types of di-doxy nucleotides, one for each base present in the DNA. And special thing about these di-doxyribonucleosides is that they contain a glowing molecule which is specific to each base. For example, C here is red color, G has blue color, T has green color, A has yellow color. So, these di-doxyribonucleosides will always have a molecule attached to it which will emit yellow color, T thymine will have a molecule attached to it which will emit green color, and G blue color, C the red color. So, we run our PCR reaction. We have the template DNA. We want to know what is the sequence of this DNA strand. We have a primer, we have little bit information about this DNA fragment. We have to know the little sequence so we can design the primer. The rest of the sequence we need to determine. So, we add these components, the normal components for PCR reaction, the normal nucleotides, and the enzymes. And additionally we add these special di-doxyribonucleosides attached to these relevant glowing molecules in a very, very small quantity compared to the normal nucleotides. Now, when we run the reaction, these bases are incorporated in at random. Say, for example, we had our primer and it was being extended. Here the primer has annealed. This is the primer sequence. There's a C-prime hydroxyl. The next base here, whatever base that is added here would be the base that is complementary to this question mark. So, when the base is added, if it is a normal base, it is fine. But if it is one of those special bases that we talked about, di-doxyribonucleotide bases attached to a specific color, the reaction will stop right here. So, we will basically generate a band, DNA band, which is short. Let's just, for the sake of argument, say it was A. So, actually, let's just say it was a G that will make our life a little easier. Let me raise this. So, let's just say that it was A. So, we had an A that got incorporated and this A was a special nucleotide. It stopped the DNA chain from the primer from extending any further. And now what happened is that we complete this reaction. This procedure is going on at random. In the next cycle, perhaps this chain will grow all the way up till here and then the next nucleotide that gets added, say, for example, G, it will be the special nucleotide. So, we will generate PCR products of all the lengths from our starting point of the primer to the last nucleotide. All these bands will be formed with the terminal nucleotide being the special nucleotide. Now, when we run the products of this PCR reaction on a gel, the shortest one will come out first. So, in this case, it was a G that has come out of the gel that this fragment has moved the fastest on the gel, followed by another G, followed by a C, T, so on and so forth. So, this was the first nucleotide that was added on the primer because it is the shortest one. So, as we keep on running our gel, these DNA strands will start moving. This gel is a special type of gel. It is basically a column gel. It is a glass column. At one end of this glass column, we have a laser that is going to emit a special light that will make our special D-dioxy ribonucleosides glow and we have a detector or a camera here that can detect what color was emitted. So, the first color that was emitted was blue and we know where the blue color was attached. Blue color was attached to G. Then again, a blue color was detected. That was also G. Then a red, which was C. T was then the next was green, which was T. So, you see, eventually as we move along, we are determining the sequence of our DNA, which can have very significant consequences. We need to sequence DNA for various purposes. We need to detect certain type of disorders to find different type of changes in DNA. So, we can sequence DNA using PCR technology. Here, I feel pertinent to mention that now things have changed a little bit. As I mentioned at the start of this module, that it took 2.7 billion US dollars and 13 years to sequence completely the human genome. Now, the technologies have already been discovered, have already been invented, that can accomplish the same feat in about a day or so at about a thousand US dollars per human genome. This is the speed at which technology is moving and now, the day is not very far that we can sequence when we go to our pathologist for a test, we can also ask them to sequence our genome for us.


So hi, I'm PJ. I work at Engine Yard. We're the people behind deus. That's not really what I'm here to talk about So what is Mira? You're familiar with J Ruby Mira is kind of along the same vein when you hear the idea about it It's kind of a more palatable less enterprise way of getting involved in Java if you know Ruby Mira I've been told Had a goal at one point of replacing Java, but I doubt that's gonna happen There's still a lot of work to be done before it gets to a point where it's even competitive, but Java's ubiquitous. It's everywhere. It's In all the code you've seen at some point in time in your life. You've touched Java. You've played with Java How many people have directly done Java not just J Ruby, but literally Java. Yeah, so we all know what it is So in short Mira is an attempt to create blazingly fast Ruby Lake language that can be compiled compile to Java bytecode So what isn't Mira? Mira is not Ruby You could say Mira is Ruby with static types But the fact is that Mira is Ruby like and not actually Ruby It doesn't share Ruby's type system doesn't share the core classes the standard libraries Really any of most of the things that we think makes up Ruby and the Ruby ecosystem It's more like a Ruby syntax browser It takes the Ruby syntax brings it in the JVM tool chain and compiles it for maximum performance I don't know. I'm going a little bit fast, but I have 15 minutes and I had a lot of club matta this morning And I'm holding you back from lunch So Mira and J Ruby the main difference here is kind of the approach Mira is super lightweight There's no runtime library so performance that maximizes performance When it comes to performance kind of Mira wins if you do performance test on it It seems like it's really fast, but it also has limited capabilities on what it can do thus far But the idea was it was built for performance That said J Ruby is so much more mature than Mira It's widely used as a huge community There's a lot of support for it Mira is kind of a fledgling language. It's been around for a while But it's still you know just getting off and starting to run with itself So where did it come from? So there was some dude. I Don't know. I guess he's from like Minnesota or something. He was bored and he made this thing called doobie Which is a strange name. I'm not sure where that came from but around 2009 Charlie wanted to do a Ruby like language subset of Ruby syntax that could compile to solid fast idiomatic JVM bytecode the word Mira Which came along later is actually a Javanese word. So the people who live in Java Their word for the gemstone Ruby is Mira and that's how the name switch from doobie, which is again a questionable word And I think we all see what they did there today It's maintained by Nick Howard who a lot of people probably knows broke Bobcat out on the interwebs it's still in development and People are using it to test out ideas to see what how far they can push it and how far they can go like many Projects it's looking for people to use it looking for people to fix issues and contribute and Let me just add like the wondrous feelings you get when you contribute to an open source project like Mira like It's really good to take something that you think you know I can maybe use this in a small project and maybe build it into a larger project and modularize some things and You start to deal with it and you say okay. Well, I see there's a little problem. It doesn't do this So you take that pain point and you bring it into where you need to fix it and that makes language better for everybody So open source contribute. I'm gonna say that about 80 times So a few facts This slide got messed up I've been having a few keynote issues, but because Mira is essentially a compiler it ships with no standard library I mentioned that earlier The idea is that users will choose what libraries they want kind of a la carte They'll write the plugins. They need to support what they need And the compiler the compiler will take care of the rest and that was an explicit design goal That was the whole idea behind it, you know Why build something but why build lots of things like think rails for a second? Why build lots of things that you maybe might need instead of building a few things? It will allow you to take just the pieces that you need and build them yourself if you have to So Mira relies on the back-end target that the developer prioritizes and provide prioritizes and provides For example on the JVM type system is mostly Java So type declarations refer to the JVM classes in tooling So why Ruby and Java? So as you know as a Rubyist Ruby was developed to bring joy to developers to make developers happy No one has ever said that about Java ever But it's super powerful and it allows you to do things that make you feel fulfilled as a developer Maybe not happy but fulfilled your solving problems. You're getting the jobs done So if we take the thing that makes coders happy and we take the things that make them feel fulfilled We get this hybrid that makes the best of both worlds and now you're both fulfilled and happy, which is great So mirror is kind of like the peanut butter cup of the coding world. That's the way I look at it If you're allergic to peanuts, I'm sorry, but I made the reference and it's out there. I can't take it back So at this point it's really important to know where Mira is at At this point Mira is on version when I left home 0.0.1 4 So it's still in the beginning stages of development. Yes Charles started in 2009 and yes, it's 2015 But there was kind of a dip because I don't know they did some J Ruby something something and you know kind of got put by the wayside but you know It's still something that's active people are getting more involved part of the reason why I got into Mira Was I work at Engine Yard and I'm on the community team And so we look at a lot of open-source projects to sponsor and what have you and one week We were running a little low on blog posts. So my boss like here's what you're gonna do Ruby guy Go on github and find out what the most contributed to repository is this week And I went and it was like Mira Mira Mira Mira Mira now It's like oh This is interesting because I've never heard of this thing before so I dove in wrote a blog post about it That generated more interest and then continued to be at the top for the next few weeks And it was really cool to see something that that could have easily died out But it's actually a great piece of code a great way to program that you know luckily is starting to see the light of day again So let's talk about some guiding principles. I'm going really fast. Wow So according to the Mira site Mira org the language is based on a few guiding principles. No runtime library. This means no jar files dependencies can be decided by the developer Customized to each project Kind of similar to the way that bundler helps Ruby projects remain siloed So if you have several projects, they're not all using the same gems bundler helps you handle that Kind of in a way that RVM helps you handle keeping your Ruby versions strictly for per project It has a clean and simple stint syntax It's static typing syntax similar to the JVM type system, but at the same time borrowing heavily heavily heavily from Ruby There's metaprogramming and macros so built-in tools for macros and metaprogramming So that at compile time you get the feel of a dynamic language while you're still in a compiled language There's no performance penalty And I'm directly quoting this from the site because Mira directly directly targets the JVM's type system and JVM bite code It performs exactly as well as Java Take that for what it's worth Again, that's quoted from the site and it's neither a positive or negative attribution to Mira It's just one of the guiding principles in developing the language. There's also some design principles This is platform agnostic meaning that it roughly it Roughly similar scripts could conceivably compile any number of type systems and runtimes And in that sense Mira is more of a rough coupling of the Ruby Lake syntax with a pluggable type interface and compilation pipeline Mira code has no runtime dependency other than the library is accessed directly from the Mira code So it's kind of like your runtime dependencies will depend on exactly what you build into it It's that a la carte idea. There's no current JVM language addresses The that towards the aesthetic goals of Mira without also introducing a runtime library Which can also also be kind of prohibitive based on size So some general goals The compiler chain plugins for it will be written in Ruby That's kind of moving forward looking towards the future No, there's no specific root reason that they couldn't be written directly in Mira for Mira Adilator date once it matures a little bit The syntax is largely Ruby inspired and we'll see that in a few minutes when I show some examples And to that extent like the current Mira implementation starts with an AST Transformation from J Ruby's AST. So there's a lot of borrowing going on. It seems like it's a real hybrid The type system is purely symbolic with the compiler, you know, reasonably mapping symbolic types to platform appropriate representations All right, so primary elements what goes into Mira the parser is based on the J Ruby parser and That produces a Ruby abstract syntax syntax tree or AST Then it goes to the transformer and the transformers job is take the Ruby AST and convert it into a Mira specific AST Then the type inferrer decorates the Mira AST with appropriate typing information for the back the target back end Which you set up and then the back-end code generator actually compiles the code. So sounds pretty simple How do we get started? This is always by the way, this is something that I notice in a lot of talks people seem to skip like everybody's like Great, let's get started and look at code. No, let's get started actually friggin install something because you kind of have to get there first So let's shave yaks Beginning with any language biggest hurdles getting started with Mira the Authors and the maintainers have given us the opportunity to find our own way by offering a few different methods And there's a lot of methods and that's great and they're outlined on Mira org and in the github project Regardless of what method you use you are going to need to have J Ruby 1.7 or higher I Think prior to version 0.0.12. You could have lesser versions of J Ruby, but now you now need 1.7 or higher It's not going to happen Once you have everything in place and instructions are pretty simple I did it using the the general method that I use doing every Ruby project. So I use RVM For those of you who have known me for a while. I was like RVM patient zero I used to work with Wayne Segwin. He sat in the desk behind me.   Yay So let's take a look at something a little more complicated So when I was writing that blog post and kind of getting involved I noticed that there was this huge file called examples Rosetta code and What this is is people who wanted to get into Mira decide that a really good way to do that would be to write some code That did simple things that other people could look and say okay This is simple like you know, it's a few lines 10 15 lines and now I understand a little bit better how this works So I wrote a little thing and it's it's very simple. We have a puts line that's gonna ask me to enter my name Just like we would in Ruby following that we have a read line to bring in whatever input comes from that and Then for verification we spit the name that was entered back out with a little sentence So people know we count the characters including blank spaces And tell the user how many characters there were an entry not super useful Not something you really need to do but a lot of fun And it was a great way to as I said in the comments kick the tires and say okay cool I kind of get what they're doing here and I kind of enjoy using it So to take a look at the output, you know, I entered my name Which I noticed this conference has completely deleted my last name So that's what it is if you were looking at the conference schedule. I have a last name You don't have to say it though and he kicks it back and says this is 10 characters long including a space awesome really simple It's a little applet. It's simple to the point. It's a job done There's lots of examples different, you know string manipulation Arithmetic things like that that are all in the examples rosetta code folder And if you want to get into mirror, I highly recommend checking it out But what else do people do with mirror because this is no one's getting a hundred thousand dollars a year to count people's names One of the big thing that's that's actually come out of it is a lot of people are using it for Android development There's a lot of open projects using mirror for Android development, which is really cool a lot There's a lot of people building plug-ins, which is also awesome And we're getting towards more tools and frameworks the potential Uses for mirror are limited only by what the language currently holds so the more we contribute the more possibilities can grow And it's really it like in my mind. It's really cool because Up until a couple years ago if you wanted to do Android development and you were a Ruby developer You were basically screwed Then Ruby motion finally came out with something it was kind of cantankerous and clunky and it was cool But you also had to pay for it now. You don't have to pay for here's an open source language You can build Android apps natively using a very familiar language. That's very lightweight So some frameworks and tools that have come up dubious is currently the big major player as far as web frameworks for mirror It runs on the Google App Engine provides a way to build apps and mirror the way that rails and Sinatra do for Ruby devs I should say like vanilla Ruby devs. I guess that makes more sense and since mirrors compile There's no like initializations costs like you might see with jruby Dubious has an ERB it has a simple adapter for data that uses a data data mapper like syntax not exactly the same But it's similar And it's important note that like mirror dubious is in the very early stages. So it's growing It's like if you were using like rails one or rails two back in the day, and you're like great this kind of works Good enough. I have a job. Yay There's also pinda Which is really cool. It's a tool set specifically for building Android apps So that's really cool. It does require the Android SDK And all of the examples that they have are using rbm if you prefer that for your version manager Then you're ready to go if you don't then that's cool, too Mira mbm is a cool net beans module for mirror. So if you're looking for a specific IDE to develop mirror in that's awesome If you don't care about your ID, that's awesome, too So what's next the most important thing about mirror is that is an open source project? It's still a baby It's a great chance for you to get in on the ground floor if you always feel like you know Oh, I really missed the train on JRuby or I can't and get involved in this open source project because it's been going for too long And you feel kind of left out. Here's your chance zero dot zero dot one four. You are ground floor start coding a Lot of the questions and I know Terrence knows this when you say you should get involved in open source people I was like great. What what can I do? right documentation right tests Try to build the language just any little thing you can do to help out talk about it.  I do like a little happy dance Pull request accepted, but anything that you do to get people more interested and get them involved makes the language better so Again, there's a lot of potential here to bring the awesome worlds of Java and Ruby together to make that peanut butter club allergies unacceptable To a place where you can give more people more peanut butter cups It's simple to use The compiled aspects helps to eliminate a lot of gotchas that we get in Ruby And while there's still a lot of road that we have to travel before we get to 1.0 It's kind of you know, there are people who are using it for production things especially with Android apps So I went a little bit over my time if you have questions for me feel free. My name is PJ. Ask me for pins. Thank you


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards rip in at 23. Pnea legacy football hobby, six box break, number 30 random team style. Here's a look again at your random results. As always, you can find those on the website under the results tab, as well as the link in chat. So good luck everybody. Here we go. Yeah, no, he's been good. He's been really good. Pick it looks really, really good. I'm going to be honest with you. This is uh, that base? Yeah. Or this might be all regular on uh, legacy. Jameer Gibbs for the Lions 299. Good to know. Add is a Jalen Hyatt for the Giants, chrome rookie. Mini Chris Jones, Parrish Johnson Jr. for the Cardinals. Legends of Dicca and base. Green Paul Krauss for the Vikings to 100. McDicca for the ages. And some base regular. We got a Cedric Tillman for the Browns, to 25. One to 25. Nice one there. A yellow ice for the RPA. It is Chase Brown. 46 of 299. Jersey Auto going. Rookie Jersey Auto going to the Dolphins. She's bangles. My God. Muff that one. There you go. Congrats, sincey on that. Darnell Washington prize prospects and base. Orange Derek Henry to 199. That could have dominated champ Bailey as a commander. It's weird. You could just do autos. There's Dak Prescott under the lights.  Mini Austin Eckler to 75 for the Chargers. On the bronze for the ages. Charles Woodson. Bijan to 25. Prize prospects. Nice one. Falcons. Miles Murphy. The bangles. Prize prospects. Jalen Hyatt. Again for the Giants. Another thick one. Very nice. It's going to be Anthony Richardson. 81 of 100. Go to the Colts. Nice one there, Indy. Congrats, Brian H. There you go, Brian. Nice one there, buddy. Some AR5. Anthony Richardson. LT and Austin Eckler. And base. I would say pretty much anything of his. Any auto of his. Beautiful. What do you say? George Kittlemini. Tank Bigsby. Refractor rookie. Or silver rookie, I should say. This is Panini. Is Panini. Rishi writes for the Chiefs to 249. Jalen Carter prize prospects. Orange. Quinton Johnson for the Chargers to 149. Warren Moon as a Seahawk. God. What are we doing? Zach Evans going to the Rams. Refractor. Silver rookie. Auto nice one there. Congrats, Rams. Geez, dude. Zach Evans wrote his E backwards. It's not like he's number three. He's number six on that one. John Matchy to 299. Maybe he would like number three, but he can't. Yeah, maybe that's his cryptic way of trying to get number three from the Rams. Tyree Kill under the lights. That's Jaren Hall. Nice one there too. 125. Minnie is a Viking, I believe. Is that something right to you? Yes. Orange. Tony Pollock. Cowboys to 199. Dion and base. White sparkle of Josh Allen under the lights. Warren Moon blasts from the past. That's an oiler in that one. We've got a Stetson Bennett, Darnell Washington, Dual Auto, Rams and Steelers. I believe that is going to be a random. Rams, Louise M. Steelers is Steelers, Steelers, Steelers. Brandon asks, yes, that will be a random number to 25. Nice one there. Decade of Dominance, Big Buckkiss. Tyree Kill to 150. Gronk for the ages. Will Anderson, Jr. Rookie. And base. A couple of Georgia guys on that dual. That's pretty sweet. That will be nice, Kwame. That will be nice when that most likely happens. Anthony with some spots tomorrow. Terry with a spot. Pristine and Chrome division mixer. Again, 13 to go. Star Wars, Sig series in just the bears on any one TYT. Let's get those sold on out. Watson will be like two and eight by week 10, and they'll help Johnson come in. Seven of 10 is going to be Clayton Toon. Nice one there for the... Toon's Cardinals. Cardinals, yes, thank you. CD Lamb underlights. Yeah, Jags are decent, though. They have Bigsby. Hank Bigsby, I believe, has some stuff in here. Brian Burns to 299. Joe Thysman, Decade of Dominance. And base. Jordan Battle to 50. Dickie coming up here. Sam Laporta. Nice one there to 249 for the Lions. Rookie Jersey Auto. Yes, Flyer. That was a while ago. Yeah, should be uploaded to YouTube. If you want the link, I could drop it in chat for you. For the Ages, Marcus Ware. Orange, Mingeau Green to 199. Quentin Johnson, Prize Prospects. Underlights, Darnell Washington. Mini, Jalen Waddell for the Ages, Dion. And base. Green for the Ages, Steve Young to 100 for the Niners. Warren Moon as an oiler. Thank God. Decade of Dominance, Dick Buccus. We've got Zay Flowers for the Ravens. Base. Six of 100, two-off Jersey number. Nice one there, Baltimore. Nice hit. Richardson and Zay Flowers now. Good patch autos coming out of here so far. Yeah, that was fun. Yeah. Miles Murphy to 150. Jalen Carter. Dalton Kincaid for the Bills. And base. Again, here is your link to Star Wars Sig series, 13 to go. Foite team to go. Bijan Prize Prospects. That is Dalton Kincaid to 149 for the Bills on the rookie Orange Auto. Nice one there, Buffalo. Bob Lilly. Yellow, Derek Carter 150 for the Saints. Gonna roll the dice. One, two, three, top, four, five, six, bottom. This will go for the rest of this break on these duels that are different teams unless it's a one-of-one. Gonna be a four. Gonna go to the bottom. So I'll go with Jason Kelsey and the Eagles. Duels will go to the bottom. Ooh, is that a dare to tear? Yes, it is of Derek Carr for the Saints. We got 13 of 65. Injury ends the game. Good Lord. That's the second time that's happened this preseason. We're in injury. Someone got taken to the hospital for the Dolphins and the teams mutually agreed to end the game. Russell Wilson, Orange, Mini to 125. No, God, no. That's what happened in the Patriots game that one. Yeah, yeah. Jerry Rice to 249. Hey, Tanner McKee, Prize Prospects. Move in. Okay, that's good at least. That's good. Dan Hampton. Nice one there. Gridiron Greats Auto going to the Bears. That's cool. One of those Super Bowl teams. Dan Hampton. Underlights, Mike Evans. Derek Johnson and base. If you got a dare to tear, would you, Derek? Depends on who it is, I would say. Like, if I got that dare, I'd probably tear it. If it was the non-raven. To 100, Ben Rothesberger. Again, I would say it's going to depend on who. Like, if it's a Brady, probably not. Bijan Robinson, Underlights. Justin Herbert, Mini to 75 for the Chargers. Colin Winslow, Senior. That is a Stefan Diggs to 199. Got a Michael Meyer for the Raiders. Underlights to 25. Gratz Vegas and base. Zach Evans, Underlights to 50 for the Rams. RQ Manning. Green, Dexter Lawrence to 100. Giant's Decade of Domins, Warren Sapp. Didn't show anything. Steve Young. That is a Will Anderson. 58 of 100 going to the Texans. Nice one there. Three-colored RPA. Congrats, Houston. Nice. That works. Nice one there, Texans. Jalen Hyatt, Underlights. Yeah, he's going to be a beast. Orange, Calvin Ridley to 199 for the Jags. That's kind of cool. I didn't realize he was a Jag in this. I think that's like the first Calvin Ridley base I've seen. Josh Allen, Underlights and base. I wouldn't imagine. Austin Eichler to 75. Yellow, Desmond Ritter to 150. Miles Murphy, Chrome Rookie. Tyree Kill. Darnell Washington, Rookie Auto going to the Steelers. Gratz on that, Steelers. Emmett Smith. There's a Washington that went to the Jags, too. Parker Washington. Yes, but yes, you are correct. Red, Herschel Walker is an Eagle to 299. Chris Johnson and Derek Henry. That is a main attraction. Tyree Kill. Short print. Nice one there. Dolphins, very cool. Love that. Jackson, Smith and Jigba. Two 100. And base. All right, last box of the break. Good luck, everybody. Got legacy illuminants coming up next. I know Donnie's pumped about that. Then a full case illuminants. I know Donnie's really pumped about that. Darnell Washington. That is a Dalton Kincaid to 100. Rookie Jersey Auto for the Bills. Second Kincaid Auto of the break. Very nice. Thank you there. Mike H, picking up two Star Wars Sig series spots. We're down to 11. 11 to go, everybody. Thank you, Mike. Appreciate you, my friend. A few more Personals getting added to the queue as well. Orange, Will Anderson to 199. The Agents, Charles Woodson. Thurman Thomas Blast from the past. Airs, Rashi Rice to 249. Going to the Chiefs, Rookie Jersey Auto. Congrats, Kansas City. Nice one there, KC. Zay Flowers for the Ravens. Orange to 149. April Showers, they do bring Zay Flowers. Make sure you're wondering, Donnie. How was it? Well, now you know. Russell Wilson to 299. Ronnie Lott. I think I might already knew after the 40 other times. Underlights, Darnell Washington Steelers. Will Leviss for the Titans. Four of five on the Mini. Pink Ice. Nice one there. Congrats, Tennessee. Blue, Dexter Lawrence to 50. Underlights, Jordan Addison Rookie. Krollm Rookie. We're out of the Mini top loaders again. I don't know where there is. Joe Montana. Dare to tear. Oh, wow. To 65. Congrats, Niners. Nice one there. Probably. Very cool. Deandre Hopkins. Orange Mini, Zach Charbonnet to 125. There's something going through that. I'll send an empty box and wrapper with Seattle. I don't know what happened there on that Mini. Caught in something, maybe. And last pack of the break. Good luck, everybody. Got a random to do, and we'll do a recap. Jalen Hyatt to 299 on the red. Price Prospects. Jalen Hyatt and base. All right. Quick recap, or quick random on the Stetson, Bennett and Darnell Washington between the Rams and Steelers. Everybody going to roll the dice. Whatever team's on top after 12 times. Get the card. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 11, 12. Going to the Steelers. Steelers going to pick up the Bennett and Washington duel. Quick recap here, everybody. We had the Dare to Tears of Joe Montana and Derek Carr. We had Autos Now, Rishi Rice, Dalton Kincaid. That is Darnell Washington, Will Anderson, Dan Hampton, Dalton Kincaid again. Zae Flowers, Sam LaPorta, Zach Evans, Chase Brown, and Anthony Richardson to 100. I'll do it for the break, everybody. Thanks again for the film. Coming up next is Legacy of Luminance.


Thank you very much. Good afternoon everyone. Thank you for being here today. I will share my experience on adaptation of forest bathing in Bangkok. First of all, I will have a short brief of forest bathing to show what this is. I've known the wood forest bathing in 2018 when I joined the Nature Mental Workshop organized by the Green World Foundation Thailand. Then I tried to practice myself on my own way to create the activity which can serve the diversity of people, such as kids, teenagers, middle-aged, and elders. So, I rely that everyone has the potential to connect to the nature naturally. Forest bathing can lead us to reconnect with our potential. Forest bathing is a bridge, the gap between us and the natural world. We can enjoy the forest we are all fighting. Our ears, eyes, nose, mouth, and physical touch. This is an example of benefits that we obtain by forest bathing, such as reduced blood pressure, lower stress, and deep depression, etc. My point of view on the definition of nature or forest is the one next. To describe it, obviously, I divided into three levels. First, individual levels, including physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual level of nature. Second, when we discover our self or of the level that I mentioned before, we can see in other also. The last one is Mother Earth, our planet, our universe, as an outer world that we can connect to our senses sometimes. We connect to our mother nature, can transform our mind to open next. Let's to accept that of myself and other more with love and beauty. So, let's tie a little bit during my presentation. Please take a deep breath and let yourself relax. Take out all your shoes, letting go of our old experience and being real to yourself, aware your breathing in and out. Slow down and be here and now together. Barefoot and bear your mind. This is an grounding state as the beginning of forest bathing session. If you want to know about the benefit of barefoot or grounding, please watch The Earthling Movie. Forest bathing is a process. There are two activities which is an important factor and influence on your deep experience. First, invitation that you feel free to do or not, it depends on you. The key is that observe your feeling when you make a decision and explore the rules of feeling. Second, reflection can help us to express whatever inside by storytelling or deep listening. Sometimes we discover ourselves among the circle. This chart will show an inner process of forest bathing based on my experience. You can do it yourself or with guide or facilitator who create the rules of experience during the process. Our senses are the best. That brings our awareness back to whole body and relax. At the relaxing state, let our inner voice or wisdom reveal for learning and healing automatically. This process I call authentic experience that is unique depending on inner and outer nature at the moment. Based on my experience, I analyzed the consequence of forest bathing into three steps, which link to three pillars of deep ecology by Stefan Hatti like this. If we continue forest bathing practice for a long time, we can connect our feelings with deep experience and lessen our awareness with asking yourself who you are, why are you being here and take action with your deep commitment? How can our behavior affect your nature more friendly? For me as a forester, I wish forest bathing can empower people to be a chain maker. In 2019, I conduct forest bathing in urban forest before the pandemic of COVID-19 at Lumpini Park Bangkok. We can organize a big group like this, spending time together for laughing, yoke, singing, play with nature, and dialogue circle, encourage inner peace and relaxation. During the COVID-19, we want to meet each other in the real world. My friends are certified forest therapy guide create equal walk at RV Bangkok. We met at early morning on Sunday, adapt to small groups and create more lively action such as walk and talk, explore a beautiful living in a city which make us reconnect to the mother nature, having fun and enjoy nature in the city. Connecting to the nature, we are all sent and recorded by our university list of the area. Lively conversations indicate a vitality of urban nature that we reconnect with human beings when we create safe space for free talk, take time, and enjoy morning together. This is my experiment to bring it back to virtual meeting if we have to lock down again. I organize broad private and group session for off forest bathing like this. Even we have to lock down the physical body but we can connect with nature in other level. Open space of my by deep conversation and being here and now together. Encourage my and so space step over the limitation of physical. This is my lesson learned. Forest bathing is a way of life living alive with inner nature and surroundings. Authentic experience is unique and depend on inner and outer nature at the moment. Equal walk or virtual meeting is an appropriate activity that can adopt, adapt to urban lifestyle human touch with lively conversation. Reconnect human nature relationship in urban space is up your mind needs a better health. Virtual forest bathing can fill the gap of social distancing during the pandemic of COVID-19. Forest bathing is not only physical forest but also inner forest my and so space that the guide or facilitator play an important role on the process. Let's enjoy with nature for being good health with the better heart and releasing your soul. Cleansing like we are taking an inner bath together. I believe that gentle relationship with nature leads to positive change from individual to society and our planet. Human being is the most important as a key of changing. For this reason I put an effort to encourage people and human nature relationship by forest bathing as transformative learning, total relaxation and healing forest bathing can be real being to our life both outer and inner. Our sense of physical body is a bit between inner and outer connection body my soul and spirit. Manufacturer of unhappy life is a conflict of body and mind which leads to powerless soul that being about disease and trauma. I willing to get your feedback and comment you can contact me via this email. Thank you very much.