very good evening aspirants welcome to the hindi news analysis by shankara ace academy for the date 15th march 2021 these are the list of news articles chosen for today's analysis it has been provided along with the page numbers of different editions of hindu newspaper let us start our today's analysis with this first news article this discussion is based on this editorial which focuses on the rising unemployment and growing nativism in jobs see this nativism in jobs or the job nativism is a policy of promoting the job interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants that is it is nothing but favoring the locals over outsiders so in this editorial author has analyzed these two issues of unemployment and job nativism with an example so let us see these aspects now the syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference now first why all of a sudden we are discussing about unemployment and job nativism it is because recently haryana government has passed a legislation that mandates companies in haryana to provide jobs to local people first before it starts hiring people from outside the state and similarly even jharkhand government has approved a legislation to reserve jobs for jharkhand residents then if you come to tamil adhoop as part of their manifesto one political party has already announced a similar proposal that is to reserve jobs for locals so we can see that there is growing job nativism and this has been promoted by the state governments so to make us understand about why states are opting for job nativism author has taken the example of haryana so what is the unemployment status in haryana before that you should know what is unemployment unemployment is a situation when a person actively searches for a job and is unable to find work and this unemployment is frequently measured by unemployment rate unemployment rate is nothing but the unemployed workers divided by total labour force into 100 so as per the recent estimations by centre for monitoring indian economy unemployment rate for whole of india as of 14 march 2021 is 6.5 percentage and this is 7.3 percentage for the urban areas and it is 6.1 percentage for the rural area see this centre for monitoring indian economy or in short cmi is the leading business information company it is primarily an independent think tank the cmi produces economic and business databases and it develops specialized analytical tools to deliver these databases to its customers for decision making and for research it also analyzes the data to decipher the trends in the economy so as a part of this only it has conducted a survey to collect the data regarding the unemployment and as part of this only these datas have been obtained so according to this data the unemployment rate in haryana is the highest of all states in india because haryana's unemployment rate is at 26.4 percentage and as you can see this is way higher than the national average apart from this the survey results also show that 80 percentage of women in haryana who want to work cannot find a job and more than half of all graduates in haryana are jobless and 11 out of 80 million voters of haryana do not have a regular job and because of these reasons only the unemployment rate is being reflected as 26.4 percentage and due to these grave statistics only states like haryana have resorted for job nativism to please its locals and one of the measures as part of job nativism which is used by the states is reservation like reserving the jobs for local people first and then asking the companies to hire people from other states so why usually states go for reservation measures they could create job but they are not doing it but they are doing reservation why it is because they lack the power when it comes to job creation see to understand this first you should know that job creation depends on certain parameters let us see these parameters now first parameter is the performance of the larger economy this plays a huge role in attracting investments which ultimately leads to job creation the next parameter is providing land at affordable prices and this is for setting up of infrastructure and then comes the important amenities such as uninterrupted supply of electricity and water then next important parameter is the establishment of agglomeration economy see agglomeration economy is a localized economy in which a large number of companies services and industries exist in close proximity to one another and they benefit from the cost reductions and gains in efficiency that result from this proximity the next important parameters are ease of doing business and then attractive tax concessions but what is happening is states lack in many of these parameters because of certain shortcomings so what are these shortcomings see when it comes to the larger economy state governments have limited control over their management because larger economy policies are majorly decided by the central government also the availability of skills local labor is a function of many decades of social progress of the state and it cannot be simply reshaped immediately so availability of skills local labor is a long-term process and then when we talk about the fiscal autonomy after the introduction of GST that is goods and services tax state governments in India have lost their fiscal autonomy so they have no power to provide any tax concessions to businesses and these tax concessions play an important role in attracting investments then when we come to agglomeration economy already prosperous states perform better than the developing ones that means currently among these important parameters state governments only have the ability to use land and local infrastructure as tools to attract the businesses so these are the shortcomings from the state's perspective so according to author these shortcomings have led to three three three effect so what is this three three three effect this effect is about the three richest large states and three poorest large states the three richest large states are the Maharashtra Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and the three poorest large states are the Mihar Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh so what is this effect see this effect has resulted in an economy where in terms of per capita income three richest large states are three times richer than the three poorest large states so this is the three three three effect but if you see this was not the case always in the 1970s according to author the three richest large states were only 1.4 times richer than the three poorest large states so now this gap has doubled it has increased from 1.4 times to three times so it is evident that the gap between the richer and the poorest states in India is only widening rapidly and it is not narrowing and this three three effect itself is an example of absence of level playing field among states so in this regard only author has noted that in the absence of level playing field and with no fiscal autonomy it is enormously difficult for developing states in India to attract new investments and to create new jobs and thus author has opined that this potent combination of widening interstate inequality and shrinking fiscal autonomy of state governments will inevitably spread the sub nationalism among the various states of India what is sub nationalism it is an idea of asserting the interest of one's own state region or province as being separate from the interest of the nation and the common interest of all other states regions or provinces and this sub nationalism can be dangerous to nationhood if it goes unchecked so how this can be prevented it can be prevented if more jobs are created and for that states first have to overcome these issues and for that they have to play a major role like states should be consulted while creating major economy policies here the Niti iog and the zonal councils can act as a platform to hear the state's opinion on policies then if you talk about skilling of labor the skilling should be given priority through schemes like Pradhanamantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana then that should be increasing budget allocation for infrastructure spending to attract more investments here the schemes like smart cities mission Pradhanamantri Avas Yojana can be used then next important point to be focused is that fiscal autonomy of the states should be increased for this GST can be reduced so that more investments can be attracted then schemes like micro and small enterprises cluster development program can help in promoting agglomeration economy then land pooling schemes should be promoted to provide land at affordable prices then developing states should be given priority in attracting investments so here if you notice we have given one solution to each of the issues hence by following these steps new jobs can be created which will ultimately lead to reduction in nativism in jobs and ultimately it will create a free and fair market for everyone so these are some of the important points that should take note from this editorial article now let's move on to the next discussion this article is about the ongoing issues regarding mining in the Aravilles earlier the Haryana government had proposed mining the Aravilles but now environmentalists and residents are strongly opposing this idea they are also demanding that no mining in real estate shall be allowed in Aravilles they have also demanded that the state shall come up with a plan to increase the forest cover in the state to 20 percentage so in this context let us discuss in detail about the Aravilles and its significance the syllabus that is relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference first note that the Aravilles lie on the western margins and northwestern margins of the peninsula plateau as you can see here they extend from Gujarat to Delhi in a southwest to northeast direction and these are highly eroded hills and they are found as broken hills now the peaks in the Aravilles reach their maximum height in the southwestern segment only as you can see in this map Aravilles come in the range between 600 to 900 meters that is why they have been represented as checked boxes but note that some peaks in Aravilles even rise more than 1000 meters an example for this could be the Guru Shikhar which is in Mount Abu this Guru Shikhar peak is about 1727 meters high now then when we move north in the Aravilles the range begins to narrow and the hills become modest now by the time the Aravilles reach Delhi they get inundated or engulfed under the young alluvium and they only rise occasionally as hillocks in the region that nears and includes Delhi a best example for this could be the Raisina hill on which the two powerful government offices of our country the north and south block are situated in Delhi now the northeastern part of Aravilles upon which Delhi sits has an average elevation of 400 to 600 meters but the range does not end in Delhi it travels beyond this up to Haridwar but this time it travels under the ground and after Haridwar it disappears and according to some sources the Aravilles system is divided into two sections first section is the Sambhar-Sirohi ranges and these ranges include the taller peaks such as the Guru Shikhar peak and the second section is the Sambhar-K3 ranges and they consist of ridges that are discontinuous and here note that Aravilles range is rich in natural resources including minerals and it also gives rise to several rivers such as Banas river, Looney river, Sakhi river and Sabarmathi river so why this Aravilles is significant see first is mainly because it has solid often impervious underground rocks and these rocks makes Aravilles a significant geologic and geographic feature further the hidden limb or the hidden projection of the Aravilles that extends from Delhi to Haridwar creates a divide between the drainage of rivers of Ganga and Indus so this is one of the main geographic feature then the second one is that the Aravilles are assembled over a very large province of Granite and this is called as the Bundelkhand Créton and Nays here Créton is a part of earth's crust which has been stable for nearly a billion years or so and Nays is nothing but typically hard or gray rock with long white or gray ribbon like bands so the Aravilles are over this Bundelkhand Créton and Nays and over several hundred million years other rocks also gradually assembled above and around this Nays province and these other rocks include the new and younger varieties of granite marble quartzite sandstone rhyolite etc so because of this Aravilles provided the raw material for local feudal lords to create dynasties by building formidable forts and place of worship in the Aravilles and this is one of the main reasons why Harina government is interested in mining the Aravilles because it has many resources of granite marble quartzite etc now apart from these importance Aravilles also play an important role in climate they have had a profound global effect and continue to influence the subcontinent's climate and even in the modern times Aravilles continue to have an impact upon the climate of northwest India and beyond it is because during monsoons the Aravilles mountain range gently guides the weakened monsoon clouds eastwards now this helps to nurture the sub-Himalian rivers and the resulting rain also feeds the north Indian plains further in the winter months Aravilles also protect the fertile alluvial ganstic valley from the attack of cold westerly winds from central asia so here it acts like a wall to the cold westerly winds apart from this Aravilles also impact the groundwater along the areas which they pass through see it is because already as we saw they have impervious granite nays and quartzite rocks now these rocks bear small crack and fractures along with this there are also some porous sandstones and marble so all these features help to regulate the flow of water so these rocks and associated features make the Aravilles a perfect complex groundwater aquifers and these aquifers hold immense quantities of water so that means Aravilles are also important source of groundwater now besides all these the mountain range is also a biodiversity hotspot it has native trees and herbs mammals reptiles etc so because of all these importances only the environmentalists and residents are highly opposing the idea of mining the Aravilles because if mining continues then it will not only affect the resources of Aravilles it will also affect the climate it will pollute the groundwater and it will also affect the biodiversity of the Aravilles so these are some of the points that I should know about Aravilles because this is going to be news for a long time until any decision is made on this mining idea so now let's move on to the next discussion now let us take up this news article which talks about Lassith Borpukhan see the news article mentions about the criticism by opposition parties against the prime minister of India see what happened was our prime minister was at the launching function of Azadika Amrit Mahotsav this is a program to commemorate the 75 years of India's independence from British rule at this function he mentioned about Borpukhan along with those who contributed to the independence of our country so due to this the opposition parties slammed the prime minister for referring to the 17th century Ahom general Lassith Borpukhan as a freedom fighter so in this discussion let us see about Lassith Borpukhan and about the famous battle of Sarayakhaat see he was a contemporary of Shivaji Maharaja he played a significant role in stemming out the advancement of Mughal imperialism in his land that is an Ahom he is known for bringing the Assamese army to the highest pitch of efficiency see prior to British invasion Mughals invaded and they occupied the Ahom capital in 1662 at that time their capital was Gargaon here the Mughals forced the Ahom Kim to flee to the hills and it was during this time Lassith Borpukhan who was an army general made his entry and he subsequently became the most towering personality of Assam history he set out for Guwahati in August 1667 and by November that year itself he expelled the Mughals from the last Ahom frontier which was in Manus then again in 1668 Aurangzeb dispatched a large army under Raja Ram Singh's command to reoccupy Assam now this time Raja Ram Singh launched a massive naval assault which led to the battle of Sarayakhaat in 1671 now this battle of Sarayakhaat happened between the Mughal empire which was led by Kachwa Ha King Raja Ram Singh I and the Ahom kingdom which was led by Lassith Borpukhan and this battle happened on the Brahmaputra river at Sarayakhaat which is now in Guwahati and this battle lasted for one full day and this time Lassith could not be prevented from attaining victory so this battle resulted in the defeat of a huge Mughal army by a small contingent of Assam which was led by Lassith Borpukhan and that is why he is celebrated as one of the important personalities in Ahom history or Assam history but as we can see he was the hero during the Mughal period and not during the British rule so that is why now the opposition parties are criticising the prime minister for referring him as a freedom fighter during the British rule so these are some of the points that you should know about Lassith Borpukhan now let's move on to the next discussion now our next discussion is based on this data point which is a representation about the defections by MLA's and MP's in the recent times so in this context let us see about defection then also about anti-defection law and its resulting disqualifications then we'll also see some relevant data from the data point there's a lot of relevant tools discussion is given here for your reference first what is defection see the word defection basically means to abandon one's duty allegiance or to abandon one's principle but when we see this in a political sense defection refers to the act of changing the party allegiance that is changing from the party on which a person got elected to a different party or to a different legislative body for certain benefits simply defection means a list later jumping from one political party to another political party if you remember in 2019 we saw many examples like this now one such example could be the Manipur example see in the legislative assembly election that was held at Manipur in 2017 one person named as Mr. Shyam Kumar contested in the congress ticket and he became an MLA but in the very same year itself he defected or shifted onto the sides of BJP and he became a minister from BJP's side but here he neither resigned from the party nor he sought re-election and we also often hear many such instances where it is very common for an elected representative to indulge in such defections in order to gain a better post or even sometimes for cash rewards but when you look closely in a democracy the final decision is made by the leaders who represent political parties so though people can replace them it can be done only by another set of party leaders now at such a scenario if the leaders themselves are not stable in their position and party then making suitable and sustainable policies to address the shortcomings of the nation becomes a question and that is why in order to overcome such challenges it is important for the political parties to get reformed and to address this issue only the anti-defection law was passed in the year 1985 this law prevents the elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties and at present know that the law says if any MLA or MP change their parties without following the due procedures then he or she will lose the seat in the legislature and this law has helped in bringing the defection down but it couldn't eradicate it fully at the same time this law has made any dissent by such an MLA or MP even more difficult because now the MLAs and MPs have to accept whatever the party leaders decide they cannot dissent on it let us see why in the following discussion so for that we need to know about the anti-defection law see the 10 schedule to the constitution is what is popularly known as the anti-defection law it is because 10 schedule contains anti-defection provisions that were introduced to the constitution through an amendment it was introduced by the constitution 52nd amendment act of 1985 and later it was amended by the constitution 91st amendment act of 2003 see this 52nd amendment act provides for the disqualification of the members of parliament and the state legislatures on the ground of defection from one political party to another so in particular this 10 schedule lays down the conditions regarding the disqualification on the ground of defection so this anti-defection law or the 10 schedule lays down the process by which the legislators can be disqualified on grounds of defection by the presiding officer of a legislature and such disqualification is based on a petition by another member of the house so in this regard from example's perspective let us see some important provisions of the schedule if you see para 2 of the schedule it provides for the disqualification of the member of a house belonging to any political party on certain grounds firstly if the member voluntarily gives up the membership of the party then she or he shall be disqualified because voluntarily giving up the membership is not the same as resigning from a party and here note that even without resigning a legislator can be disqualified if by her or his conduct the speaker or the chairman of the concerned house draws a reasonable inference that the member has voluntarily given up the membership of her or his party then similarly if a legislator votes in the house against the direction of her party and then her action is not accepted by her party then she can be disqualified likewise if a person abstains from voting in contrary to the direction issued by the political party and that too without obtaining prior permission and here also if the action of such person is not accepted by the party then also she can be disqualified now based on these grounds we can say that a member elected on a party ticket should continue in the party by obeying its directions if not there are chances that they will face disqualifications now the next important ground is regarding the independent members and nominated members see the independent MP or MLA that is members elected without being set up as a candidate by a political party they will be disqualified if they join another political party after election and here a nominated member to the Rajasapha or upper houses in state legislatures can be disqualified if they join any political party after the expiry of six months from the date on which she takes her seat in the house this means that the person may join any political party only within six months of taking their seat in the house not after that now beyond all these grounds the law also provides some exceptions in relation to this disqualification so now let us see these exemptions first exemption is provided if a member goes out of her party as a result of her party being merged with another party now if in this scenario the member goes out of her party then she will not be disqualified but here also note that such a merger should have been agreed by two-thirds of the members of the party then another exception is that if a member after being elected as the presiding officer of the house then that member voluntarily gives up the membership of her party or rejoins that party after she ceases to hold the office of presiding officer then also she cannot be disqualified now this exemption is provided in the view of the dignity and impartiality of the presiding officer's office now here we should note one important amendment to the 10th schedule which is the 2003 amendment this omitted an exception provision which says that disqualification on ground of defection doesn't apply in case of split further remember that any question regarding the disqualification arising out of defection will be decided by the presiding officer of the house but originally the act provided that the decision of the presiding officer is final and it cannot be questioned in any court this is provided in paragraph 7 of 10 schedule but the applicability of this paragraph was changed in 1993 with the kihoto holohan case in this case supreme court declared that this provision is unconstitutional on the ground that it seeks to take away the jurisdiction of supreme court and high courts and further supreme court also noted that the presiding officer while deciding a question under the 10th schedule should function as a tribunal which means that the presiding officer's decision can be subjected to judicial review if there are any shortcomings or defects but here remember that this is a direction given by the kihoto holohan case which declared the paragraph 7 invalid but even till today this paragraph exists in the constitution because the subsequent constitutional amendment acts did not remove this provision so this is the basic that you need to know about defection and anti-defection law now let us see certain datas given in the data point which we will understand now very easily see this data is based on the data from the association of democratic reforms according to its data between 2016 to 2020 around 433 MLAs and MPs left their party and they re-contested elections as members of other parties and this 433 is a large number and in this according to the data point in 2017 up state election 35 candidates quit their own party to re-contest from other parties and this marked the highest defection figure in a single election during that period of time if you look at this graph it represents the data of those MLAs MPs who quit a party and who re-contested with tickets from the new party since the year 2016 and if you see this portion you can see this portion represents the congress party and as per this data point the majority of defections that is around 177 defections happened from congress and majority of these defections or the defectors they went to BJP and this representation provides you the data of the highest number of defectors in these state elections you can take note of the data given for your state and you can use it as an example in your main sensor rating so these are some of the points that you should know about defection and anti-defection now let's move on to the next discussion our next discussion is based on this news article which says that in Kerala teams were formed at the state level and district level to facilitate the creation of an early warning dissemination system now this early warning dissemination system is implemented under the national cyclone risk mitigation project and it is a vital component in disaster risk reduction so in this context let us see about this early warning dissemination system and also about the national cyclone risk mitigation project see this project was initiated by government of India with a view to address cyclone risks in the country the overall objective of the project is to undertake suitable structural and non-structural measures to mitigate the effects of cyclones in the coastal states and in unit territories of India and here note that the national disaster management authority under the ministry of home affairs will be implementing this project and this will be done in coordination with the participating state governments and the ministry of earth sciences the project has identified 13 cyclone prone states and unit territories with varying levels of vulnerability for implementation purpose but the main objective of this project is to reduce the vulnerability of coastal communities to cyclone and other hydro meteorological hazards so this will be done through measures such as improved early warning dissemination systems through enhanced capacity of local communities to respond to disasters and through improved access to emergency shelter evacuation and protection against wind storms flooding and storm surge in high areas etc so in this our focus is today on the early warning dissemination or early warning system and its significance see an early warning system is a set of capacities that is needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information of the possible extreme events or disasters and these events or extreme disasters include floods drought fire earthquake tsunamis etc which threaten people's lives now the purpose of this information is to enable the threatened individuals communities and organizations to prepare and act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm loss or to reduce the risk here note that the early warning is the integration of four main elements first one is the risk knowledge now this risk knowledge is gained through risk assessment now this risk assessment provides essential information to set priorities for the mitigation and prevention strategies and for designing early warning systems now next element is the monitoring and predicting as we know systems with monitoring predicting capabilities provide timely estimates of the potential risks that is faced by the community's economies and the environment now the next element is disseminating information now the communication systems are needed for delivering warning messages to the potentially affected locations so as to alert the local and regional governmental agencies now the messages need to be reliable synthetic and simple to understood by authorities and public now the final element is response and for perfect response coordination is important along with good governance and appropriate action plans these are key point in an early warning so likewise public awareness and education are also crucial aspects of disaster mitigation so these are some of the points that you should know about early warning systems and national cyclone risk mitigation project now let's move on to the next discussion our next discussion is based on this news article which talks about the national population register or in short npr there is a new development regarding npr which is that now the center has allowed residents to fill npr form on their own and this will be done through the online mode so today's discussion will be focused on npr and its implications first note that national population register or npr is a register of usual residents of the country so who is a usual resident a usual resident is a person who has resided in a local area for the past six months or more or a person who intends to reside in that area for the next six months or more so this usual resident includes citizens and non-citizens also that means npr will be a register containing the details of usual residents of the country now the objective of npr is to create a comprehensive identity database of every usual resident in the country and this database would contain demographic details and biometric particulars also now the npr is being prepared at different levels such as the local level it includes the village level or the sub-town level then comes the sub-district level district level state and national level more importantly you should note that npr is prepared under the provisions of the citizenship act of 1955 and the citizenship rules of 2003 the exact name of these rules is the citizenship registration of citizens and issue of national identity cards rules 2003 and further under the citizenship act of 1955 it is mandatory for every usual resident of india to register in the npr and this is as per section 14a of citizenship act which makes it compulsory for every citizen of the country to register on the national register of indian citizens that is nr ic but here we are talking about npr see this npr and its creation is the first step towards the preparation of nr ic so if nr ic is compulsory under citizenship act then the first step of it which is npr is also compulsory and also note that this is not the first time that the data for npr is collected previously the data was collected in 2010 along with the house listing phase of census of india of 2011 then this was updated during 2015 and it was updated by conducting a door-to-door survey now the current collection of data is to further update this so that the changes due to birth death and migration could be incorporated in the npr now here note that before it was decided to update the npr along with the house listing phase of census 2021 and which was to be conducted during april to september 2020 in all states and uts except asam but however pandemic hit so this idea did not materialize so in this regard let us see what are the update about npr from the government according to the recently published minister of home affairs report for the year 2019 to 20 there will be a three pronged approach for updating the npr database in this the first part will be self updating where it is proposed to allow the residents to update their own data fields after following some authentication protocols on a web portal which is the news today now the second part will be updating of npr data in the paper format and the third one will be the mobile mode now here note that no documents or biometrics will be collected further already a pretest that is a trial form for the first phase of census and npr has been concluded by the minister of home affairs and this has involved 30 like respondents and this was conducted from august to september 2019 now here you should note that npr in asam is a special case it is because of the nrc that is the national register of citizens and this nrc is said to be needed for checking the inflow of illegal migrants into asam and as you know nrc in the state of asam is updated as per the provisions of citizenship act of 1955 and the citizenship rules of 2003 now this entire exercise of nrc asam is being conducted as per the directions issued by supreme court from time to time but it is funded by the government of india now the objective of the nrc is to update the nrc 1951 in the state of asam that contains the name of persons whose names appear in any of the electoral rules up to the midnight of 24th march of 1971 or which appears in the nrc 1951 and their descendants but there is already issue going on with respect to nrc and this issue is clubbed with the citizenship amendment act of 2019 both of which are being opposed by many state and civil society groups it is because as you know citizenship amendment act allows citizenship on the basis of religion to six undocumented communities from pakistan afghanistan and bangladesh who entered india on or before december 31st of 2014 see even though government has denied that cia and nrc are linked there are already apprehensions that cia followed by a nationwide nrc will benefit the non muslims who are excluded from the proposed citizens register but it will affect the muslims because they will have to prove their citizenship and because of this nrc issue has been going on from 2019 and till now no conclusion has been arrived and that is why the citizenship amendment act of 2019 is not yet implemented so these are some of the points that we should know about npr nrc and also about cia because on some line all these three are linked so now let's move on to the next discussion our next discussion is based on this editorial article which is written by mk narayanan who was a former national security advisor and a former governor of his bangal he is currently functioning as an executive chairman of a cyber security joint venture in this editorial he talks about the vulnerability of india to cyber threats especially from the external state actors like china so in this regard he has also talked about the revelations by a us-based cyber security firm known as recorded future this firm has given a report on the threats faced by india's cyberspace from china he remembered that on march 6 we had a very extensive discussion about such cyber threats in our hindu news analysis you can view that analysis for better understanding now today we will discuss about the report of the recorded future and then we will see the important points mentioned by the author the syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference see in today's world of technology cyber operations continue to provide some countries like china with potent asymmetric capabilities to conduct cyber espionage and also to disrupt the security of their enemies what is cyber espionage it is the form of cyber attack that steals classified sensitive data or even intellectual property to gain an advantage over a competitive company or to gain advantage over a competitive government entity so with respect to china one of the competitive government entity is india and we know that the relations between india and china have deteriorated significantly after the border clashes in may 2020 so in this regard an analysis was done by recorded future which has found out a large increase in suspected targeted intrusion activity against the indian organizations by chinese state sponsored groups so first let us see the highlights of the report of recorded future the report says that from mid 2020 onwards there was a steep rise in the use of an infrastructure by china this infrastructure is known as axiomatic asymptote it was used to target indias critical infrastructure including a group of indias power sector also so what is this axiomatic asymptote see this axiomatic asymptote is a network infrastructure whose servers are known to be used by red echo this red echo is a china based advanced persistent threat group which targets indias power sector here also note that these axiomatic asymptote servers also act as command and control centers for malware known as shadow pad this shadow pad is one of the largest known supply chain attacks it is a back door trojan malware which means it opens a secret path from its target system to its command and control servers now this shadow pad is built to target the supply chain infrastructure in sectors like transportation telecommunication energy and more and this shadow pad was first identified in 2017 and once it is activated the back door allows attackers to deliver further malicious modules or they can easily steal data so these axiomatic asymptote which also acts as a command and control center for shadow pad was continuously used to target indias critical infrastructure so in this regard the report notes that 10 distinct indian power sector organizations including four of five regional load dispatch centers have been identified as targets by china see here regional load dispatch centers are responsible for operation of the power grid through balancing electricity supply and demand then apart from these rldc's the other targets identified include two indian seaports then you also remember that recently we discussed about the october 2020 power outage in mumbai and according to media reports this power outage was caused by chinese cyber intrusion only so these are some of the incidents noted by this report where indias critical infrastructure has been targeted so what is author's opinion regarding this according to the author the reported events are a wake-up call for india he notes that it would be grievous error if india underestimates the extent of cyber threats that is posed to it by china even in this regard he tells that india needs to adopt comprehensive measures to stop a potential cyber pearl harbour from happening to india see this cyber pearl harbour refers to a potential cyber attack that some people believe that will happen and this will threaten id infrastructure and related services of a nation this term was coined in 2012 by u.s defense secretary leon panetta and this term aims to relate the intensity and potential devastation of a major cyber attack with the 1941 attack on pearl harbour of usa this pearl harbour attack is very famous because it was a surprise military attack by japanese navy against the usa now the primary objective behind such cyber pearl harbour attack would be to take control of major id infrastructure or it could be to spread a digital virus or even to delete or steal highly confidential data it can be used or the attack could also be carried out to illegally transfer funds or to carry out virtually any act with the potential of substantially damaging the it assets of a nation so that means if cyber pearl harbour occurs then it could result in a serious loss of it services thus it will affect many governments businesses and other key infrastructure that heavily relies on it but this is not the end we know that many hacking and espionage softwares are being developed by the software companies which are especially us based and china is exploiting this loophole to target even the companies of the western world so china is not only attacking india but it is also planning attacks especially cyber attacks against many nations we are saying this because china was also blamed for global spearfishing campaigns these campaigns are nothing but cyber espionage activities that were directed towards covid-19 vaccine distribution supply chains around the world see the objective of these campaigns seem to have been targeting the vaccine research and gaining future access to corporate networks and also seeking sensitive information relating to the covid-19 vaccine distribution so now what are the implications for india in this matter see author notes that there are no readymade solutions to counter the cyber offensive that emanate from different quarters or from different countries but what india can do is it can invest more on cyber security infrastructure here we can take the example of usa where recently the us president included a sum of over 10 billion dollars for cyber security and his covid-19 relief bill so this has clearly shows that usa is aiming to improve its readiness and resilience in cyberspace so similarly india can also opt for the same so here investment is the key so these are some of the points that you can take note from this editorial article now let's move on to the next discussion now we have come to the last session the practice questions discussion session now let us take this first question it states a category of unemployment arising from the mismatch between the jobs available in the market and the skills of available workers in the market which type of unemployment is being discussed here option a cyclical unemployment option b frictional unemployment option c structural unemployment option d disguised unemployment c cyclical unemployment is the result of the business cycle where unemployment rises during the sessions and declines with economic growth now next comes the frictional unemployment it is also called as search unemployment it refers to the time lag between the jobs when an individual is searching for a new job or is switching between the jobs now next comes the structural unemployment it is a category of unemployment arising from the mismatch between the jobs available in the market and the skills of the available workers in the market and the fourth one is disguised unemployment it is a phenomenon wherein more people are employed than actually needed so the correct answer is option c structural unemployment which talks about the mismatch between the jobs available in the market and the skills of available workers now this next question is about Aravalli hills they are highly eroded hills extending from gujarat to delhi this statement is correct guru shikhar is one of the highest peaks in the Aravallis this statement is also correct the underground extension of Aravalli's from delhi creates a water divide between the drainage of Ganga and the Indus which of the statements given above is or are correct now here all the three statements are correct and the question also asks the correct statements so the correct answer is option d 1 2 and 3 now this next question asks which of the following statements is the accurate description of a usual resident as referred under national population register a person who has acquired the citizenship of India a person who has lived in India for six months and intends to do for next six months or more a foreigner who resides in India for a minimum of one year a person who was a citizen of India but now has renounced his citizenship and the correct answer is option b a person who has lived in India for six months and intends to do so for next six months or more now this next question is based on national cyclone risk mitigation project first statement is it aims to undertake suitable structural non-structural measures to mitigate the effects of cyclones in the coastal states and unit territories of India this statement is correct now the second statement is national disaster management authority is the implementing agency of this project this statement is also correct but here the question asks for the incorrect statements but both the statements are correct so the correct answer is option d neither 1 nor 2 now let us take two main questions this question is based on gs paper 2 and it is about anti defection law and this next question is based on gs paper 3 and it is about job nativism you can write the answers to these questions and post it in the comment section for this we come to the end of today's in the news analysis if you like the video don't forget to like comment and share and do subscribe to shankar is academy youtube channel for more updates related to civil service examination preparation


Alright, so guys, today's vlog, we focused on something a little bit different. I started out the day with a completely different plan, and then halfway through the haircut realized that I didn't hit the record button, so totally screwed up the video. So I ended up going with something fun.  We used the Donald Scott carving comb again. This is definitely the week of the razor, and I used the orange hair mannequin, which you can see my hands are stained and dyed. So here is the cut. We went with a Mohawk feel, some fun orange hair color from Brian. The technique on the top to actually do the Mohawk is really simple. And also going through the edges and the sides, we did it with a razor again. So really fun technique. The versatility with this cut is definitely there. So even though it's really fun out of the box and crazy, I can't even say it's crazy. It's really kind of tame at this point in the world and in life. But really fun haircut. Definitely enjoy the step-by-step video. Let me know in the comments what you think. If you like this style of cut, we can keep doing stuff like this. Maybe on Fridays we can have some more fun. So I'm excited for you guys to see it. Here we go with a step-by-step of our Mohawk haircut. Okay, so putting this video together, I'm actually really excited to show you guys this haircut. Really a fun technique and it's even fun to section it out. So we're going to start off by doing that. We're going to take partings along the parietal ridge. Depending on the density of the hair, you may want to take this section a little bit skinnier or a little bit fatter and really, depending on what type of Mohawk you want, you would take it skinnier or fatter as well. So get creative with that. We created that square, went pretty much along parietal ridge on this mannequin back to across mid-crown. And then we create another rectangle shape below that. And that's going to go down to the occipital bone. And then from the occipital bone down to the nape, we do another ponytail. So the two ponytails, the one in the nape and the one right above occipital, are directly off. But you can see the top ponytail is over-directed back.  So we're going to take diagonal forward sections to cut. We're using the carving comb from Donald Scott. Again, it's available on Freestyle on Education. Super cool tool. It's like $35, somewhere around there, maybe $39. But such a cool tool for doing razor cutting. We're using the 100% carved side for now. What that's going to do is cut just like a razor. But these blades are super sharp, really firm, and they just do a really good job of cutting. The other thing that's great is I'm gliding through the hair. I've really fallen in love with this Prepare Liquid Tool Glide. It really does allow the razor to glide through the hair because the hair feels so conditioned while I'm cutting. So everything's being over-directed straight out. I'm cutting it at a basic 90-degree angle following the head shape. What I want this to look like is pretty much a grown-out mohawk. I wanted this to have more of a feminine feel. It still could be feminine if you took it really short. The other thing with this is I am cutting it on a mannequin.  But I like the freedom of this haircut and the length on the sides. I really dig that with this mohawk. So that's the sides. The sides are very easy, cut straight out at 90 degrees. Now we're going to determine the length that we want our mohawk. So I check the side length, see where I'm at, and then I just go in and I cut the ponytail, which makes this really easy. So it's really condensed cutting at its finest at this point. So I'm going to go in and carve off and get that length to where I want it on each ponytail. What I love about this is you can really see the mohawk come to life right in front of your eyes as you're cutting it. So you can see it right there. So I match up all my lengths. I'm happy with that. I comb out the ponytails. And with that liquid tool glide, you can see how easy even the ponytails slip out of the hair.  So this is a really fun technique that you can do with the carving comb because both sides cut. So there's 100% carved side, which we talked about. That's going to cut 100% of the hair. And then there's a 50% carved side that will cut 50% of the hair. That's great for adding texture and thinning. But when we go in to do this point cutting technique, all I'm doing is I'm elevating the hair. And then I'm shifting that razor back and forth on top of my fingers, just running it back and forth. And that's cutting on both sides. So it's not necessarily taking a perfectly straight line across. So that's why we consider it point cutting because you're just removing some bulk and adding even more texture to the edges of the haircut. So you're going to see I'm kind of over directing. I'm taking out the heaviness on each side of the front of the haircut. Because we did over direct it back, there are heavy corners that are going to happen right at the recession point of the head. So just going through and, you know, taking off those corners helps with the overall look of the haircut. Now we're going in with our 50% carved side of the razor. So that's a good look at it right there. So I'm just sectioning horizontally and then working through just sliding that 50% carved side down. And now I'm just going to use the 100% carved side to take off the kind of tail part that happens in a Mohawk. Now, some people like that, so you could leave it on.  So now we're going to start to blow it dry. Especially with the mannequin, I'm going to do a lot more emphasis on blow drying the sides forward and then the top back. So really just making the root of the hair pliable, going in every direction. You could call this a flat wrap, but it's not really flat wrapping. What I'm doing is working back and forth and I'm taking the hair and blow drying the heat and actually creating that volume back on the head. So I want to basically create this Mohawk shape without even putting any product in it whatsoever. So then when I go to put the product in, this is the carve cream wax from Baccato. You guys can use any kind of like wax that you have to definitely check it out. This has a really light hold, so you're not going to, you would actually use some hairspray after this, but just going in and molding that up, you don't want to try to use the product to force the Mohawk in. You want to blow dry the Mohawk in and then just enhance it with product, which will help give it that longevity and hold.  Make sure that you subscribe to our channel and get alerts on all of our new videos every day at 10 a.m. All right guys, thanks so much for checking out today's vlog. Make sure that you post in the comments below what you thought of the cut. Also what cut you'd like to see in the future and hit the like, hit the share button, share it with all of your friends. That is the end of today's vlog.


The Inspector General of Police, Kaedeh Gbetokun, says that mobile police force will be deployed to Khurriga and other communities to ensure safe return of over 270 kidnap pupils and other victims unhurt. The police boss gave assurance when he visited Kaduna State Governor at Sir Kashim Ibrahim House over the unfortunate incident of kidnapping of innocent citizens. Gbetokun says the police force adopted kinetic and non-kinetic methods in communities to address insecurity confronting the state and the nation. They assured families of the victims that all kidnapped victims will return safe and unhurt. This is not the time to make comments about this. It is time to get into action to ensure that we do everything possible to ensure the safe return of these abducted children. The Excellency, I want to assure you that the police leadership and indeed the leadership of all security agencies in Nigeria are as concerned as you are over the safety of these children. We will adopt all strategies including non-kinetic approaches to ensure that these students are rescued or are released safely. We are deploying adequately to the affected community at Khurriga, the unit of PMF, and that community is only to give confidence to the people. So they command the General Nigerian Security and Civil Defense Corps, NSCDC, Abu Bakr Aoudi, stressed that they had adopted modern technology and other mechanisms to safeguard all schools across the country, noting that insecurity challenges require collaboration to nip it in the bud. It is very unfortunate that it happened, though it happened, but I want to say that all hands are already on deck to make sure that these children are returned sound and safe. It's a robust strategy that we have developed to maintain the surveillance of schools. I'd like to tell you that it is very, very effective. We are also going to deploy technology in trying to conduct surveillance around schools. I'd like to assure Nigerians that their co-alongside other security agencies are working very closely to see that the provision of safety and security for schools is on the top agenda with the provincial government. The Kaduna State Governor, Ubassani, commanded the security agencies in their collaborative effort to ensure safety of the kidnapped victims. He reiterated the government's commitment to protecting the lives and properties of the citizens. I am extremely confident that the school children, by the grace of God, will return back home safely. And of course, I will do everything to ensure that we work closely with the relevant school to agencies in Nigeria to ensure that our children are back home safely. Quickly deploy a mobile base in our Kuriga community. He has assured me that will happen in the next few days, and as a government, we will provide them with accommodation, with everything to ensure that the police, the police will be deployed to the Kuriga community well kept there without any problem.


So I've got some garlic and honey, and I'm going to cut a couple of raw cloves and mix it with the honey, mainly so that I don't taste the garlic. And since I've been a kid I've had garlic and honey like this when I've been unwell, because everyone knows it helps the immune system. But it's weird. No one from government, W.H. show anyone is saying help yourself with natural things. And it's not like there isn't science behind it. There is now. There's peer-reviewed science showing that garlic and honey both, it boosts your immune system and therefore have antiviral and antibacterial effects. So you just don't see it, do you? It'd be like weird to think that, say, a nurse in a COVID ward in the UK is cutting up garlic like I am here and offering it to patients as part of their process in hospital. But why not? In Thailand, I've been giving people Sambaloto help as part of the official treatment protocol in Thailand now for COVID. With government funded clinical trials to back it up.  Oh, I don't know if I'll take this up regularly after COVID. Oh, maybe there will be no after COVID, it's endemic. Oh, shit, so I'm going to wash it down with the other thing, which has science behind it too, which is ginger mashed up, I'm mixed with tumeric, and I haven't got any black pepper, that helps, but I haven't got it with me, I'm too tired to go and get some, but then I'm going to put it with any kind of juice, sprayed my wrist just getting that open. Cheers, here's to ginger jamu, they call it, actually hold on, let's mix it first. Alright then, to ginger jamu.


Hello aspirants welcome to daily news analysis by Shankar IS Academy The list of topics chosen for today is displayed on the screen We have also provided page number of these topics in various editions Interested aspirants can go through them. Now, let us begin on the screen Now look at this news article this article is regarding a new system introduced by Supreme Court of India What is it system? The name of the system is faster So in this context, let us see the purpose of faster and let us also discuss the benefits Introduced through this system called faster Very important topic from prelims perspective. Now, let us begin this discussion first. What is faster? See faster stands for fast and secure transmission of electronic record system. This is the expansion of faster Now we have a question What is faster? See faster is a procedure It is a procedure introduced by supreme court of India it is a procedure for transmission of E authenticated copies of important court records and documents What are important court records and documents? Judgments final orders interim orders. So these are the important court records and documents and faster is a procedure for transmission of E authenticated copies of important code records and documents. So to put it in simple words, it's like a E transmission of documents. See the purpose of FASTER is to send the records and documents at the earliest so that these records and documents could be executed at the earliest. This is why the system has been introduced by our Supreme Court of India to execute the records and documents at the earliest. For example, take crucial orders like bail, stay-off arrest. These kind of crucial decisions can be communicated to prison authorities and investigation agencies at the earliest so that they can execute these orders at the earliest. Also know that FASTER is a secure channel. So it is protected. It is tougher to act. Now aspirants may have a question. What is the need for such a system? See currently the important code documents reach the law enforcement authorities very late. So it affects the person who are imprisoned. Let me give you additional information. See in prison there are three inmates. Prison has three kinds of inmates. They are convicts, undertrials and detainees. These are the three kind of prisoners found in prison. First who is a convict? A convict is a person who has been found guilty of a crime and has been sentenced by a court of law. So a guilty person who is tried by the court and has been sentenced by the court is a convict.  Now let us move to undertrial. Undertrial is a person who is currently on trial in a court of law. See the undertrial person has not been found guilty but he is undergoing or he or she is undergoing trial in a court of law. So this person is called undertrial. This person has not been found guilty yet and that person is currently undergoing trial in a court of law. Now moving on to the next category, detainees. See detainee is any person who is held lawfully in custody may be for interrogation. The trial of a detainee has not started it. This person is held in the prison for interrogation. So these are the three categories of prisoners, convicts, undertrials and detainees. Why did I discuss the three categories of prisoners? See when we take undertrials and detainees they may be provided bail but according to the current system this person will be released on bail only after receiving the certified physical or art copies by the authorities. The prison authorities require certified physical copy only after receiving the certified physical copy they will release the undertrial or the detainee. But as I already said there is a delay in delivery of documents. In this current procedure the physical copies reach the authorities very late. So because of this the detainees and undertrials wait behind bars for several days. The court has given them bail but in spite of that bail because of the delay in document delivery they wait behind the bars for several days. So it affects the prisoners, it affects their psychological state. This delay postponed the release of inmate on bail. So it hinders the fundamental rights of life, dignity and personal liberty of an individual. These rights are granted by our constitution and by delaying the document delivery we are hindering the fundamental rights of life, dignity and personal liberty. Very very important point these points can be used as value addition. So in order to address this situation Supreme Court of India has introduced FASTER. The FASTER is designed using modern information and communication technology tools. So it ensures faster delivery of documents. But there is one problem currently most of the prisons in India lack internet facilities. So there may be delay in implementing this technology. This is one setback which can be faced by this system. So these are the important points regarding FASTER. In this discussion we saw about FASTER, the purpose of FASTER and the benefits of FASTER and finally we discussed the drawbacks in implementing FASTER. Very important topic from the film's perspective. Now let us move on to the next discussion. Now look at this article. This article is regarding dedicated freight corridors. So in this context we will be discussing dedicated freight corridors. See dedicated freight corridors is also called as DFC. See what is freight? Freight are goods which are transported in bulk. So to put it in simple words they are cargo, okay? Goods and cargo. These are called as freight. Now coming back to DFC that is dedicated freight corridor. See dedicated freight corridor is a corridor which creates a safe and efficient cargo freight transportation system in our country. To put it in simple words it is a dedicated rail lines for the transportation of goods. These rail lines will be only transporting goods. This is why it is called as dedicated freight corridors. These railway lines will only transport goods. See currently two dedicated freight corridors are being constructed. They are western DFC and eastern DFC. The western DFC connects Ariana and Maharashtra. The eastern DFC connects Punjab and West Bengal. Both these freight corridors are under construction. Now let us see them in detail. I will look at this map. This map has both eastern and western dedicated freight corridors. First let us see about eastern dedicated freight corridors, EDFC. I will look at this map. We can see eastern dedicated freight corridors starts from Ludhiana in Punjab and ensign Dankune in West Bengal. So it covers the state of Punjab, Ariana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal. See this route is very important because this route has a lot of coal mines, thermal power plants and industrial cities. So this dedicated freight corridor will connect these coal mines, thermal power plants and industrial cities. This is the major significance of eastern dedicated freight corridor. Another important point is the World Bank is funding this corridor. It is majorly funded by World Bank. Now let us move on to western dedicated freight corridor, WDFC. See this dedicated corridor is around 1500 kilometers. It starts from Dadri in Uttar Pradesh and it ends in Jawaharlal Nehru Port trust in Mumbai. You can see this in the map. We can also observe that this corridor touches all the major ports along the way. This is why this corridor is very important. See WDFC covers the states of Ariana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. Another important point is WDFC is funded by Japan International Cooperation Agency. Let me repeat, Japan International Cooperation Agency. The eastern one was funded by World Bank. The western one is funded by Japan International Cooperation Agency. Remember this major difference. See there is also a link which connects eastern and western home of this dedicated corridor. This link is under construction between Dadri and Kurja. This link will connect the western dedicated corridor with the eastern dedicated freight corridor. So these are the two corridors under construction. See besides these two corridors, a government is also planning other corridors. For example, north-south corridor. The north-south corridor will connect Delhi and Tamil Nadu. Next is east-west corridor. East-west corridor will connect West Bengal with Maharashtra. Next one is east-south corridor. It will connect West Bengal with Andhra Pradesh. And finally, south-south corridor. This will connect Tamil Nadu with Goa. So these are the other corridors which are being planned by a government. They are not under construction. They are only at the planning stage. Maybe the eastern and western dedicated freight corridors are now under construction. Now aspirants may have a question. Why do we need these corridors? We already have a lot of railway lines. Then why do we need these dedicated corridors? See currently freight trains do not get priority. Our government is favoring passenger trains. The goods or freight trains do not get priority in transportation. So because of this lack of priority, there is delay in transport of goods and perishables. So it adds to the logistic cost. So when these dedicated freight corridors are completed, almost 70% of the freight trains will be transferred to these dedicated corridors. So it will help in timely movement of cargoes. It will reduce the delay in transport of goods and perishables. It will bring down the logistics cost. This is the main reason why dedicated freight corridors are introduced by our government. See our government is also planning to allow private containers in dedicated freight corridors. The private trains or private containers will use these dedicated freight corridors. They will transport their goods in a timely manner. It will help in improvement of our country. And they will also pay the track usage charges. In order to use the dedicated freight corridors, they will pay the government. So our government will also get revenue. It's a win-win situation. It will increase the transportation of goods and it will also generate revenue for the government. This is a future plan of our government. Planning to introduce private containers in dedicated freight corridors. So these are the important points regarding dedicated freight corridors, DFC. So with this, we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion, we saw what is DFC, we discussed about East End DFC, we discussed about West End DFC and we also discussed about DFC, which are in the planning stage. And finally we discussed the need for dedicated freight corridors. I hope aspirants can follow. Now let us move on to the next topic. Now look at this editorial. This editorial is regarding e-governance in government departments. So in this context, let us know about e-governance and the important points in this article. Very, very important topic from Maine's perspective. The syllabus relevant to this article is displayed on the screen. Interested aspirants can go through it. First let us start with e-governance. See according to NCRP, e-governance is the application of information and communication technologies to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of informational and transactional exchanges. If you can try to memorize this definition, you can use it as a value addition in your Maine's answer. These kind of definitions will differentiate your answer. It will boost your score. Now coming back to discussion. See in simple words, e-governance is a use of information and communication technologies for betterment of governance procedures. We are using advanced technologies for the betterment of governance procedure. The e in e-governance stands for electronics. So we are using electronics for giving better governance. This is simple definition of e-governance. Now aspirants may have a question. Why should we adopt e-governance? What are the advantages? Let us discuss the advantages of e-governance. First advantage is inclusive governance. See when e-governance happens, governance will be in the doorstep of every individual. A citizen can access the governance services anywhere and anytime. Also the citizen can give suggestions which will increase their role in decision making. So it will play a huge role in inclusive governance. Next important advantage. Now moving on to the second advantage. Easy and quick implementation. See with e-governance, paperwork has become so simple. With e-governance, there will be good flow of information between all government agencies and department. This will build one mega database. So this will lead to easy and quick implementation of policies and programs. For example, take Andhra Pradesh. In Andhra Pradesh, urban local bodies employs. They have reported saving an average of 11 hours every week after digital system was adopted. So it increases efficiency. See in addition to this, with e-governance, the government decisions and policies will reach citizens very easily. This is because e-government gives every citizen access to information. So with this, the policies and decisions will reach across every citizen in an easy manner. Now moving on to the next big advantage. Eye-operational efficiency. See what matters a lot to citizen is the efficiency of the service being provided. You want efficient services. This is the new norm of the day. Efficient services. With the fast-paced world, our citizens are demanding more from public services. They want efficient services. So through e-governance, we can establish a centralized point of communication. With this centralized point of communication, government can achieve eye-operational efficiency. So this is another big advantage of e-governance, eye-operational efficiency. Now moving on to the next advantage. Eye level of trust on government. See for any government to survive, winning the trust of majority of the citizen is very important. Only when the government has trust of citizen, it can survive or it can keep control and maintain control on the citizen. With lack of trust, it will lead to anarchy. So maintaining trust with the citizen is very important. With e-governance, the trust of citizens has increased. This is because with e-governance, we are bringing transparency and accountability. With increasing transparency and accountability, the trust of citizen has increased. Let me explain this with an example. See with e-governance, every citizen can access the information. For example, take a citizen is asking for registration of a topic. He tries to register for a scheme. He applies it online. With e-governance, that person can track the status of the application. Whereas in previous non-online situation, that is before e-governance, the applicant will not know the status of the application. He will not know whether there is a delay in the application, whether the application has been denied. So that person will be in the shadow. It will reduce the trust. But with e-governance, right now we can check the status of the application. He can access the application, the status of the application in the real time. So the trust of citizen has increased. The mistrust which the citizen had during the non-online situation has decreased. So this is another major advantage of e-governance. High level of trust on government. See these points are very important. You can use it as value addition in your main sensor. Now moving on to the next advantage. E-governance reduces cost of running a government. It is cost efficient. Let me explain this with an example. See imagine a scenario where a government wants to seek a public opinion on an issue. There is some issue going on and governments wants to seek a public opinion. What can government do with the e-governance system? The government can take a survey and it can get the opinion of the people in a very fast and extremely cost efficient manner. It can do it in the online mode. So this is how we save cost. Previously the government has to print a lot of pamphlets, a lot of papers, it has to go to the field, it has to issue the questionnaire and it has to get the feedback. So it is not a cost efficient process. But right now with e-governance we can take a survey and get the opinion of the people in a very fast and extremely cost efficient manner. So this is another major advantage. E-governance reduces cost of running a government. It is cost efficient. So these are the important advantages of e-governance. It saves resources, it saves effort and it is cost efficient. And it also increases the service quality and it reduces the time spent in government departments. So these are some of the important advantages regarding e-governance. It is very important from main exam point of view. Make sure you make a mind map. E-governance advantages 5-6 points. So when you get a question in this area you can just write it, you can save time and you can boost your score. Let me give you another value addition. As we all know about ARC report 2 right, Administrative Reform Commission report. The second report is very important. In that second report, goal of e-governance adopted in India has been given. These are the goals, better service delivery to citizens, ushering in transparency and accountability, empowering people through information, improved efficiency within governments. And finally, improve interface with business and industry. These are the five goals given in ARC report. Make sure you use this point as value addition in your main answer. ARC report, points are very important in mains.  So make sure you make note of it. So with this we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion we saw about e-governance, what is e-governance, the advantages of e-governance, what are the advantages, inclusive governance, easy and quick implementation, high operational efficiency, high level of trust on government and finally reduces cost of running a government. After discussing the advantages, we saw about the goal of e-governance, which is given in administrative reforms commission report to be precise the second report. Very important topic from mains perspective. I hope this discussion will be beneficial. Now moving on to the next topic. Now let us take up this editorial article. This article is about DC surveillance system. So with this idea in mind, let us go into our discussion. The syllabus covered by this editorial is highlighted below for your reference. Your aspirants can go through it. Now let us discuss about DC surveillance system in India. See as the name clearly says, DC surveillance means we are monitoring the diseases. By monitoring the diseases, we are trying to prevent the outbreak of diseases. This is DC surveillance. So let us understand the evolution of DC surveillance in India, how this system emerged in India. So to understand the system, we should go back to 1988. In 1988, Delhi witnessed a major cholera outbreak. After that, we should also go to 1994. In 1994, Surat witnessed major plague outbreak. These two outbreaks were the reason behind the DC surveillance in India. Because of these two outbreaks, we launched a program called national surveillance program for communicable disease in 1997. This is the first program for DC surveillance in India. With this system, we try to monitor the diseases and we try to prevent a major outbreak. But it is important to know that this program wasn't successful. This is because this program was in basic form. It was a bit amateurish. So this program wasn't successful. It didn't prevent outbreak of major diseases. For example, take the year 2004. In 2004, there was SARS outbreak in India. So this program failed. So the government finally launched a new program called Integrated DC Surveillance Project, IDSP, Integrated DC Surveillance Project. This project was launched in place of national surveillance program for communicable diseases. I hope aspirants can follow. See, IDSP, that is Integrated DC Surveillance Project, did better than the previous program. It was successful. This is because this project had better government funding. The funding for this project was increased by the government. In addition to that, the laboratory capacity under this project was also strengthened. In addition to that, health workforce were also better trained. Because of this program, our government appointed at least one disease expert in every Indian district. So because of these reasons, this project was successful. It did better than the previous program. So these are the basic information regarding the evolution of disease surveillance in India. These points are given in this editorial. Now let us discuss about the performance of disease surveillance system in India. See, as I already said, disease surveillance system is very important in preventing disease outbreak. But when we take India, disease surveillance system is not uniform. There is wide variation in India. The disease surveillance system in India is found to perform variably between different states. This is the first important point highlighted in this editorial. This editorial also gives an example. See, take the state of Kerala. In Kerala, during the recent COVID pandemic, the disease surveillance system of Kerala has detected one out of six infection. So one out of six infection during the COVID pandemic was detected by the disease surveillance system of Kerala. I hope aspirants can follow. Similarly, take Uttar Pradesh and BR. In Uttar Pradesh and BR, only one out of 100 infection, look at the ratio, only one out of the 100 infection was detected by the disease surveillance system of Uttar Pradesh and BR. Kerala is one out of six, whereas in Uttar Pradesh and BR, it is one out of 100. So we can see the wide variability in performance. Kerala disease surveillance is efficient, whereas Uttar Pradesh and BR are struggling. So this shows that in India, there is weak disease surveillance system. We should be equipped better. So how can we mitigate this challenge? How can we improve the disease surveillance system in India? Very, very important topic. The first important point, better allocation of resources. But the state governments and union government should allocate more resources for preventive and promotive health services. In addition to preventive and promotive health services, more resources should be allocated for disease surveillance as well. This is the first important point given in this editorial. Just remember this, more allocation of resources. Now moving on to the next point. The next point is regarding the workforce in the primary health care system. According to the author of the editorial, we should retrain the workforce in the primary health care system. We should retrain them in disease surveillance and public health actions. So this is another important mitigation measure given in this editorial. Retraining of workforce in primary health care system. Now moving on to the next point. The next point is regarding the laboratories. According to this editorial, we should increase the laboratory capacity in India. We should plan the laboratories better. We should increase the testing abilities of laboratories. So remember this point. Increase the laboratory capacity. Okay, now moving on to the next point. See the next point is regarding one health. According to the author, one health approach should be promoted in India. It should be made functional at the ground level. By promoting the concept of one health, we can prevent the outbreak of zoonotic diseases like Nipah virus and avian flu. So remember this point, one health. Now moving on to the next important measure. See according to the author, civil registration and vital statistics system should be strengthened. In addition to that, medical certification of the cause of death should also be ardently followed. Let me repeat, civil registration and vital statistics system should be strengthened. Civil certification of cause of death should also be strictly followed. This is the fifth important measure given by the author of the editorial. Now moving on to the final mitigation measure. The most important one. See different state governments and municipal corporations should effectively coordinate between one other to develop joint action plan. In addition to that, the state governments and municipal corporation should take responsibility for public health and disease surveillance. This is the final important mitigation measure given in this editorial. Coordination among state governments and municipal corporation to develop joint action plan. So it will increase the coordination among these bodies. We can detect the diseases better. So these are the important points given in this editorial. In this editorial, we saw about disease surveillance system, how it evolved in India. We saw about national surveillance program for communicable diseases. We saw about integrated disease surveillance project. And we discussed about the problems in Indian disease surveillance system. And finally, we discussed the mitigation measures. What are the mitigation measures? More allocation of resources, retraining of workforce, increasing the capacities of laboratories, approach one health concept, strengthening of civil registration and vital statistics systems, increasing coordination among state governments and municipal corporations to develop joint action plan. So these are the important points given in this editorial. Now let us move on to the next topic. Now take a look at this article. This article is regarding NFRA. See NFRA stands for National Financial Reporting Authority. The article in this news talks about National Financial Reporting Authority. See the news in this article is not important. It is not relevant to our civil service preparation. But let us learn about NFRA. It is relevant because in prelims, you can expect questions from the organization and bodies in the news. So in the context of prelims, let us see some important facts relevant to National Financial Reporting Authority. We are approaching this topic from prelims perspective. Okay. As I already said, NFRA stands for National Financial Reporting Authority. It was constituted on 1st October 2018. So it was a recent organization. This few years back, 1st October 2018. Now let us come to the most important point. See NFRA was set up by the government of India under subsection 1 of section 132 of Companies Act 2013. So remember this point. Section 132 of the Companies Act 2013. So under this act, this body was set up. Now next very important point, the National Financial Reporting Authority is under the purview of Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Very very important point because in prelims, you can expect questions regarding the ministries. So remember, Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Now let us discuss the functions and duties of NFRA. The first important function, NFRA recommends accounting and auditing policies and standards to the companies. These recommended accounting and auditing policies and standards should be adopted by companies for approval by the central government. So this is the first important function of NFRA. Recommendation of accounting and auditing policies and standards which should be adopted by companies. Now moving on to the next function. See NFRA monitors and enforce compliance with accounting standards and auditing standards. So the next function is regarding monitoring and enforcing complaints. Okay. And moving on to the next important function. See NFRA oversees the quality of service of the professions associated by ensuring the complaints with standards. Let me repeat, NFRA oversees the quality of service of the professions associated by ensuring the complaints with standards. So this is another important function performed by NFRA. It ensures the quality of service of the professions associated with auditing standards. Now moving on to the next important function. NFRA suggests measures for the improvement in the quality of service. And finally, it also performs other functions and duties which may be necessary to the above mentioned functions and duties. So in order to aid the other functions, it can also perform other functions and duties. I hope aspirants can form. Let me repeat the functions and duties. Monitoring, accounting, and auditing policies and standards to be adopted by companies. Monitoring and enforcing complaints with accounting standards and auditing standards. Oversees the quality of service of the profession associated by ensuring complaints with standards. Suggest measures for the improvement in the quality of service. And finally performs other functions which may be needed to exude the mentioned functions. Now let us discuss about the companies and bodies which are governed by NFRA. Its kind of companies and corporates come under the purview of NFRA. See companies whose securities are listed on any stock exchange in India or outside India is under the governance of NFRA. So if a company has a stock in Indian stock market or any other foreign country stock market, then it automatically comes under the governance of NFRA. So these kind of companies are called as listed companies. If a company has stock in stock market then that company is called as listed companies. Now moving on to the unlisted companies. Companies whose stock are not listed in the stock market. When it comes to unlisted public companies, if the company has a paid up capital of not less than 500 crores, it is under the governance of NFRA. This is the first condition. Paid up capital of not less than 500 crores. Or otherwise annual turnover of not less than 1000 crores. So if unlisted public company has annual turnover of not less than 1000 crores, it is under the governance of NFRA. There is also another condition. If the unlisted public company has outstanding loans, debentures and deposit of not less than 500 crores as on 31st March, then the company comes under the governance of NFRA. This is the 31st March of the immediately preceding financial year. So if a public unlisted company has outstanding loans, debentures and deposit of not less than 500 crores as on 31st March of immediately preceding financial year, then that company comes under the governance of NFRA. I know these statements are tough to remember. Just go through it. By chance, if they mention a statement in problems, you can eliminate the statement. Do not memorize these facts. Just try to scan it. Get it into your subconscious mind. So these kind of companies and corporates come under the governance of NFRA. Let me repeat. Any company which is listed on any stock exchange inside India and outside India comes under the governance of NFRA. When it comes to unlisted public companies, there are many criteria. Paid up capital of not less than 500 crores. Annual turnover of not less than 1000 crores. Paying loans, debentures and deposits of not less than 500 crores. These unlisted public companies come under the purview of NFRA. So these are the important points related to NFRA. Now let us move on to the next part of our discussion. Now let us practice some prelims questions. The first question. The fastest system recently introduced by Supreme Court is related to A. Adjudication of cases through video conferencing. B. Transmission of e-authenticated copies of court records. C. E-filing and tracking cases online. D. A nationwide fingerprint database of criminals. See from the discussion we know the correct answer is option B. Faster system is related to transmission of e-authenticated copies of court records. Correct answer is option B. Now moving on to the next question. Second question. The national financial reporting authority comes under the purview of which ministry? This question is very important because these kind of questions have high chance of being asked in problems. The options are A. Ministry of Home Affairs, B. Ministry of Corporate Affairs, C. Ministry of Finance, D. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. See from the discussion we know the correct answer is B. Ministry of Corporate Affairs. The national financial reporting authority comes under the purview of Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Remember it was created under the Companies Act 2013 and it comes under the purview of Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Now moving on to the next question. Third question. According to Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor, consider the following statements. 1. It connects Punjab and West Bengal. 2. It passes through UP and BR. 3. It is being funded by World Bank. Which of the statements given above are correct? A. 1 only. B. 1 and 2 only. C. 2 and 3 only. D. 1, 2 and 3. See all the given statements are correct. Have a look at this map. You can understand. We can see the Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor connecting Punjab and West Bengal. It passes through UP and BR. From the discussion we know it is funded by World Bank. Whereas Western Dedicated Freight Corridor is funded by Japan International Cooperation Agency. Ok. So all the statements are correct. The answer is D. 1, 2 and 3. Ains practice questions are displayed on the screen. Interest or aspirants can write the answer and post in the comment section below. If you like this video click like. If you want to post a comment, post a comment in the comment section below. And don't forget to subscribe to Shankana IS Economic Channel. Thank you.


So Stefan asked that a fountain it question. Let's just take this quickly and then we'll get to Keating Keating Would you say the Dominique before she met work was destroying evil for the sake of destruction? No, because she wasn't destroying evil She was actually destroying the good and She wasn't destroying the good for the sake of destroying it She was destroying the good out of a sense of if you will justice She was horrified by the idea That bad people would be exposed would would get any pleasure or joy or any satisfaction from the good She wanted to destroy rock Because she was convinced he would be destroyed and she didn't want to give the people the the Tuis of the world then a satisfaction of doing it She didn't want to give to me the power That would come from destroying work. So she was gonna destroy him not in the name of destruction not in the name of evil But in the name of rocks virtues in the name of rocks independence in the name of rocks greatness and and that's That's a complicated character That is a very very complicated character, but think about the passion that's involved in Loving your values so much That the very thought that somebody bad an Evil human being would get be exposed to them. You don't upset you greatly So that you want to make sure That they never see That they never get exposed to them and it takes a while the entire book almost To see that she is wrong wrong in the sense that She's too focused on the negative too focused on the negative and not focused on the values and on the good people who have the good values and On the ability of good people to win So what walk teaches her is to focus on the positive to focus on The values themselves and not on evil. He teaches her that evil in the end is impotent That is the good that is powerful that the good that prevails That is the good that she should focus on she should Help and she should promote. She should help sustain and And that that is what her life. That's what will give meaning to her life. So Dominique is a very complicated character Very complicated character. Stefan says when I first started reading the foundation I thought it ran was going to make Dominique the antagonist. I love how that changed. It was brilliant Yes, I mean Dominique is so bewildering, but as soon as as soon as you see how to walk fall in love with it kind of It it it's I mean, it's hard for me to go back to when I first read the phone head So I don't remember what I thought exactly. I was so over one damn member where I read it But I don't remember exactly what I what I was thinking, but yes I mean, it's it truly is I mean Dominique is one of these colorful brilliant interesting Evocative and changing characters that I in man has In a woman in 1945 think about think about again independence Here's a here's a Dominique in in in I ran portraying Dominique in 1945 think of her how sexually liberated she is and Think about the way I ran portrays the whole relationship and This is 1945 When you know movies movies in Hollywood if they portrayed a married couple Their bedroom would have two beds in it because God forbid you imagine that a married couple might have sex So they had to have separate beds go back and look at all the movies in the 40s and 50s where married people live in So that's just one Way in which I meant but think about the whole novel think about the construction of that novel the characters in the novel There is no other to he and world literature. There is no other Dominique in world literature and they certainly know how to walk in world literature. I mean you want to think about somebody who is independent think I ran In terms of the character she she she created I mean Christian admits a crush on Dominique Christians way ahead of me because I Dominique was too bewildering for me I was young when I read the font hit way too bewildering me for me to really have a crush on her I had a crush on Dominique and Dagny But she was way, you know, you know way above my pay grade, but But it not on Dominique because I couldn't understand Dominique. I couldn't get Dominique It was certainly certainly first time really really too hard for me So think about rock right independence. That's what he is He lives by his own means Even if that means going to a query not to compromise his values right Not to compromise his values because he must live by his own standards his own values his own Judgment Independence is related the fact that you must judge That judgment is your responsibility and that's its connection to which virtue is the judging virtue is the virtue of our judgment justice Justice is all about judging and you must be an independent judge All again connected What we need today what I called a new intellectual would be any man or woman who is willing to think Meaning any man or woman who knows that man's life must be guided by reason by the intellect Not by feelings wishes wins or mystic revelations Any man or woman who values his life and who does not give want to give in to today's despair cynicism and impotence and does not intend to give up the world to the dark ages and to the role of the collectivist All right before we go on reminder, please like the show. We've got a hundred and sixty three live listeners right now 30 likes That should be at least a hundred I figure at least a hundred of you actually like the show Maybe they're like sixty of the Matthews out there who hate it But but at least the people who like it, you know, I want to see I want to see a thumbs up There you go start liking it. I want to see that go to a hundred It all it takes is a click of a click of a thing whether you're looking at this And and you know the likes matter. It's not an issue of my ego It's an issue of the algorithm the more you like something the more the algorithm likes it So, you know, and if you don't like the show, give it a thumbs down Let's see your actual views being reflected in the likes But if you like it, don't just sit there Help get the show promoted. Of course, you should also share And you can support the show at your own book show dot com slash support on patreon or subscribe star or locals And and show you support for all for for the work for the value. Hopefully you're receiving from this And and of course, don't forget if you're not a subscriber Even if you even if you just come here to troll or even if you hear like Matthew to defend marks Then you should subscribe because that way you'll know when to show up You'll know what shows are on when they're on you're good notified, right? So, um, yes, like share subscribe support Like share subscribe support. There you go easy Do one or all of those Please