We have to bid everyone farewell. So our topic was housing and home ownership, wonderful dialogue. I mean, our groups have asked the better members, wonderful, creative dialogue place, just the multitude of things we have. As far as what are the specific, specific topics to housing was gentrification, that Dean came up with. What do we do? Who do we ask? Where do we go?  So we were able to gather some of that. But in addition to that, we also talked about communications. How do we get the work out to neighborhoods where this is going to happen, or on the verge of happening? What do we do here? And so in the day and a half or a couple of hours or something, we came up with that we need to start, for example, with our native officials and staff. We need to organize ourselves to be able to attend meetings. And sometimes we may not want to attend those meetings because we need to see that things happen to you. But we need to attend. We need to be a presence in those rooms when things are taking place. We also had the information, again, as it be, how are we going to inform the residents of what's going on? Different ways. But for us, Adidas, it's face-to-face usually, like going door-to-door or eating like this, having those conversations, getting the work out. We also talked about reportable housing. How San Antonio doesn't talk about this topic. And how it doesn't seem to be an importance to the city. So again, how is our presence going to be there? How are we going to show the city the message that we need this, our families need this? So again, it's going back to the organizing and how are we going to, as you say, want to get to the next level. We also talked about, I mean, anything, but as far as policies, which policy, you know, which one are we going to go and work on that they need some fixing or a new policy? And if you agree that we need to do at least assessment kind of, you know, we need to go ask. We do ask the neighborhood, we need to ask people, what is it that needs to take place? We can't assume or we can't just think just because we have an idea that it's good for all of us. So we need to actively get into our neighborhoods. And immediately all the oil is down to the grassroots, going down and speaking to people face to face. We also had conversations, again, on communication, how we can also perhaps, through that communication, get involved with associations as well, different nonprofits, et cetera, to get the word out. That seems to be a problem in housing and other states that our communication is not applied here. So we need to drive different avenues because lots of things are passing. For example, PBHCA, these are kind of, appear to be kind of secret, you know, to know what's going on and maybe the agenda is getting to date before but not, and not really having enough time to tell us what questions to ask, et cetera. So there was a lot of great, as I mentioned, conversation and the bottom line that we, as a group, came up to was it also is going to take both for us to get out there and have the people vote and get one of them white or two vote and also give them information that perhaps they not be familiar to them but explain it to them because all of the housing, education, health boils down to, so that's what we did. I mean, we have a lot more information and of course on up here that, you know, some people can share it, right? Oh, yes. So that's what we did. Okay, you have the services in. Can we ask you a question? What would you all prefer? Just go for it. I'll go first and then you can donate the funding. Yeah. I will work this technology. Technology. Buenas tardes. ¿Cómo están? ¿Casaditos? ¿Y usted que cansaba?  The second day, sharing with everyone, my personal experience in the last, you know, from yesterday to today, I'm trying to move so you don't hear that feedback. I would maybe just not use the mic. Yeah, is it better? I can hear you well. Yeah, you know what? Because I get distracted by that. So what I shared with the group was that I went to the hotel, the hotel room and I was 30 to 50 persons. And I said, wait a minute.  By the way, the path to poverty started about 500 years ago, right? And so, again, I stand here as the main person in my family, like all of you. And so it's not all doom and gloom. We are powerful. I am powerful. I stand here on the backs of my father who was a truck driver and my mother who picked cotton and like all of us, and were powerful. And that gave me energy to engage in this dialogue. By the way, I'm a bureaucrat. I infiltrated bureaucracy to see how things work and try to find loophole. Are you recording me? No, I'm not recording you. I'm actually the lead up on that. So every day, I remember, and as I was doing that thinking, I got a picture of my knee. And this is my, this is my granny's. I don't have grandchildren, I have granny's. And I remember that she will be standing here because the change that we are fighting for and working for and struggling for is going to be so that they can say they're standing on our backs, right? And I remember her in reminding me what day today is and it gave me energy, but it also connects to our families, right? And yeah, as we speak right now, benefits from going to Head Start, participating in programs that people fought for, fight for us to have. And when you see her interact, you see the impact that early education, very early education has on us. So thank you, Hawa, for letting me share that personal part of me during the facilitation. We looked at key issues. And as we were looking at key issues, can you see that? Well, I'm not a natural user, so I can make that very big. We talked about all these contributors to health outcomes, right? And we look at what these contributors, what impact they have on our health. And so we use, most of the time when we talk, and you see my hand moving, most of the time when we talk about policy, we tend to talk about health behaviors. We tend to talk about violent arts. Somehow, if you have more food, if you eat healthy, you'll live longer. If you go out and exercise, you'll eat healthier when some of the families that we talk to don't have sidewalks in their communities to go and walk. So all of that. But I put this up here just to share with you that as we were having our discussions, we focus our data log around the issue of social and economic factors. And how these social and economic factors affect the health and wellbeing, the economic mobility of our families. So that was part of the framework. And those of you that participated in the dialogue can please feel free to ask. So the key issues that came up that Dr. Faria laid out for us yesterday around health have to do with the need to focus on on planting pregnancy, that's a key issue in our community. The health insurance access to healthcare as well, primary illness, diabetes, HIV, homicide, all those health issues were presented by Dr. Faria and we are meeting yesterday. The other piece that she talked about was the, I hope I'm gonna give her credit here. This whole thing of, we talk about babies, Latino babies are being born so healthy, right? So somehow they're gonna be okay. But we often forget that as we are aging and the chronic illnesses of our aging population kind of get forgotten about. So those who are just in a very high level summary, in terms of policy recommendations, we came up with three. And the first one was of course comprehensive, comprehensive health insurance. Both in terms of, we don't just need insurance, we need access to services. There were lots of stuff, there is below that. The other piece that we talked about is living wages. So one of the overarching or a hot moments or whatever you wanna call it that we came up with is that health is affected by everything around us, right? Our housing, our work, whether we're employed, whether we're employed, how much we're earning, our education, so all those things affect our health and well-being. So that's how living wage came up in a discussion about health. Then the third one was around education. And education at all kinds of levels, right? So education, pre-K to third grade, all the way up to college, that's like the traditional type of education that we tend to talk about. But also other types of education where we are developing the workforce, social workers, doctors, nurses, there are out there to be as knowledgeable as the policy, amazing folks like Eva are about policy in how money works in politics because we don't often do that. The other type of education that we talked about was educating just communities. How many of our communities really know the issues that we're talking about right now? So what are we doing to, it's almost like infiltrating and take the information to the deepest roots of our community that is in our community. So those were like the three main policy pieces. The other thing that when we were talking about capacity building, what capacity did we have? We engaged in a dialogue about what are our assets? What groups are out there pushing that they know the same things that they don't focus on policy. So we came up with several categories. We do have assets, because it's not like we're starting from ground zero. There are a lot of people out there, lots of groups that can help us move this along. So we came up with a list of that. And this is where I told the group, you know what? I feel, you know, you have to get out of it, right? Because there was a part that we needed to talk related to short-term, mid-term and long-term strategies, right? So what we focused on then was that there has to be different strategies. It can, and I heard it say here, it can't just be all of us have to go out and vote, right? It can't just be all of us have to go and talk to legislators. Or all of us, it's gonna take all of those strategies. They were grandmas in the group. And strategies, where are my grandmas? Yeah. The strategies that they're using to mobilize their community is equally important as a vote that we can get somebody to go and take. Right, that's very important. So that's how we framed that discussion in terms of strategies. The other thing, I don't know if it was so much for the group, but it was an aha for me, right? We were looking at what policies impede our progress. What policies that keep us from economic mobility, or the economic mobility of our families. And what policies enable us to move forward. And as I was looking at that, I was thinking, oh my God, so which one do we target first? Do we focus our energies in these policies that are so detrimental to our community? Focus on these that are helping? And of course it takes, we have to focus on both. Then Juan, Nicuelito Juan, he kind of threw water on me. When he said, I'm throwing you under the bus, Juan. But you know, it's okay, you can't do this at all times. You know, he put something for the group about, you know, we keep going to the well, knowing there's no water there. Did I capture that right? She knew you were there, right? So to me, back to your presentation from yesterday about just how the budget and the funding, that's how it works. So what is it that we need to do incorporating our strategies, right, to go at that? To ensure that, yes, we're working with community at all levels between education, why we want equal access to health care and so on and so forth and yet that well needs a strategy from all of us. I believe that's the part of the sparse. I'm going to go with the discussion. Anybody else from that group want to add anything of the, you're welcome. Okay. I was in the group, so I'm playing another role, okay? You better not go there for the bust. I said, don't say that. Are you done here with me? I just want to add to the idea of the well, okay? And nobody wants to talk about it, that's taxes and it takes the tax code. You know, Ella said, I know you'll focus in on who's paying the taxes disproportionately more, okay? You all saw that graph. And the majority, a large portion of that population in Texas is our families, who are in that category, particularly 200% below low income and low poverty, okay? And if we have a philosophy in this state and ideology that can keep the budget continuously below what's even needed to basic state needs, right? So why aren't we advocating for restructuring taxes and tax code? Now, immediately, the response even in our group I think was, I don't know much taxes. Who said more taxes? Do you think that our people know what they're paying the taxes right now compared to others in our population? Exactly. So that's all I was trying to point out is that, so when you think about, I'm not saying none of these strategies are important, but in the context of things, even in our group, just in healthy human services, mental health wants more money, CPS wants more money, Medicare expansion, Medicaid expansion, want more money, caregivers want more money, and not a simple one, maybe one would be lucky if the legislator played a little budget games and gave a little bit to caregivers, okay? So if we're getting all health, or this past year, we might all be okay. So that's just in that part. What about the group in education that wants equitable funding? That means we really need another three billion, or the group in housing, or the group in labor employment. So I'm just posing the question to you. If we're all going to do well, and spending a lot of energy, and particularly if they have what they call the fiscal note to it, our fiscal materials, in some ways we're in conflict, even across these issues. So about in healthy human services, so that's why we're not about the taxes. Right, thank you, that's it.


parts okay this is not exactly the same as let's go this rule what is this rule this rule is known as first of all there is a sensation so if you have two functions let's say f of x in g of x u is your f these two in this expression into integral of so this term is du by dx because f of now make this the subject of the formula as u times integral integral and this is the formula so in the next half an hour or so we'll do some basic application of this formula as a simple example in this entire this is actually a very important message that this formula gives the message is when you have given to this rule says that function that we write it down somewhere so in his research he said that functions should be chosen at the list first of all a stands for and t stands for trigonometric functions and e stands for exponential functions so he said that higher the function in that list that function should be chosen as u this is the most difficult to integrate this is the most so let's say exponential which one will you choose as you as you become the exponential function in some books they say so i'll start my example by integrating one of the standard functions which we never have to integrate it but we will discuss according to the times u times which is non x integration of the what is integration of one x minus integration of integration of what integration of so what is the u by d we'll put it towards minus integration of one which is x plus c going forward going forward is x times log x minus one this is what should be mellowed for you please include this in the formula just wherever you have seen so far we know the desensiton of sin inverse between the right you know not okay we like to integrate the function actually actually x sin inverse x plus under root one minus x square plus c is the answer for sin inverse okay now there is ways to do it i'll show you both so this is of course u this is of course v so according to the integration where part formula is u times integral of one which is x into x x square as t square so minus x dx will be so this will give you x sin inverse x plus t and t is under root one minus x square so this is the answer for integral of sin inverse x remember the result is possible if possible x sin inverse x plus under root one minus x square plus c this is one way to do it that's another way to do it yeah we'll discuss all right you assume sin inverse x to be an angle theta that's another way to do it anyway have you copied this is that right so cos theta is cos x dx in your mind okay doesn't make much of a difference now this is behaving as an algebraic function this is behaving as a trigonometric function so which one will you take as u the algebraic function liat a comes first now apply integral of cos cos theta is sin theta minus theta the rule will be integral of du by d theta into integral v d theta over with respect to theta now very simple what is the sin theta minus cos theta so now please note you cannot leave us you so what is this you don't mind facing the camera which itself may be


A caesarean section is an abdominal surgery that can be used to deliver a baby via the abdomen. Sometimes it may be necessary to perform this procedure due to complications during a pregnancy or labor, but mothers may also choose to have a planned caesarean section known as an elective surgery. It is important to consider the implications having a caesarean section can have on future pregnancies before choosing to have this operation. When the patient arrives in the theater, the surgeon will feel the patient's abdomen to help determine the position of the baby. They will also listen to the fetal heartbeat. Usually the patient will be awake and a regional anesthesia will be used. This form of anesthesia will numb the patient from the waist down, however they will still be able to feel some tugging and pulling during the operation. A urinary catheter will be placed to help drain urine from your bladder during the surgery and will remain in place until after the surgery. During pregnancy and especially during a caesarean section, a mother is at an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis. Therefore it is likely that compression boots will be used and remain in place throughout the surgery. The surgical team will then clean and place surgical drapes on the patient's abdomen and a screen will be placed at the level of the chest to separate the patient from the open surgery. Before cutting the first incision, the surgeon will check that the anesthesia is working and the patient is sufficiently numb by confirming no pain is felt. An abdominal incision is made into the abdomen. Usually this incision is made along the bikini line to help hide the scar, however sometimes a midline or slightly higher incision may be required. The layers of the abdominal wall are opened and extended to allow room for delivery of the baby. The patient may be aware of a tugging sensation but it should not be painful. A retractor is placed in the inferior aspect of the incision to hold the bladder out of the way and to protect it. The surgeon will then cut an incision into the lower segment of the uterus. The amniotic sac is then opened and the surgeon will now be able to deliver the baby. If the baby is born in good condition and the surgical team have no concerns, delayed cord clamping can be implemented to maximize the oxygenated blood that reaches the baby. The baby can then be checked by the midwife or pediatrician. Skin-to-skin contact can be supported in the operating theater if the mother chooses. The placenta will then be delivered and checked. It may take longer to recover after a caesarean section than a vaginal birth. If both mother and baby are doing well they can normally go home the following day and continue to receive care and support from their midwife and GP.


Julie Smith been with DuPont for almost 30 years. I've seen a lot of changes in the industry and I've seen some change in the process automation industry as well. I started my career as a plant engineer, just trying to figure out how to make the plant run and how to solve quality and operation problems. And then after I'd been there about a year, someone told me there were these new things called distributed control systems. Kind of been hooked on process control ever since. We've got various control systems at our sites today from lots of different vendors, different vintages and generations. And but a common thing that we need to keep them running, we need to make sure that they are effectively collecting data to support our processes, to enable us to stay ahead of the competition, to figure out how we can make our products better. How can we improve our quality? I'm Brandon Williams, co-founder of Silicon Valley Software Company, Seaplane AI. And I will be your host for this podcast to introduce you to many of the companies and leaders that are transforming industrial process automation through the Open Process Automation Forum. In this podcast, you will get a close-up look of the rapid change in the entire ecosystem of industrial process automation. The Open Process Automation Standard, now entering its third major version, has already moved from an idea onto paper, and now in pilot tests and proofs of concept by leading companies such as BASF and ExxonMobil. So tune in to this guided tour by the experts and decide for yourself if you want to be involved in the imminent future of innovation and commercial adoption of truly open, interoperable and inherently secure process automation technologies. We're gonna start our presentation with someone who has been involved with Open Process Automation from the beginning. Don, please introduce yourself and Opav. Don Bartusiak is my name. I am the Chief Engineer for Process Control in ExxonMobil Research and Engineering. I've been working in automation and control for about 35 years. The vast majority of that was with Exxon or ExxonMobil. With respect to Open Process Automation, you have to see we're about 10 or so years into a journey that we started about 2010, an R&D project, to meet a very big business challenge that we had with the existing technologies that are used for industrial control. What we learned along the way is that the transformational change that we're seeking is not gonna come from continuous incremental evolution of the technologies that we currently have. It was gonna require a big transformation moving away from proprietary closed systems towards standards-based open interoperable technologies because that's what we saw in applicable adjacent industries like telecommunications, like avionics. And so that's really the motivation and kind of the big headline idea that would be the key takeaway in terms of what's driving open process automation. Thank you, Don. From this realization of the need for change, can you comment more specifically on the business drivers that made open systems such an important initiative for the industry? The business problems are traditionally the ones that motivate all for-profit enterprises. It's what do we have to do to enable us to contribute more value to the corporation? So some of the constraints that we have with the currently available products and the way the industrial control industry is structured is that we, the end-user companies are impeded with respect to introducing new technologies, be they of a hardware or software nature because of the closed and proprietary nature of the currently available products. So barriers on new technology insertion for the purpose of increasing the value contribution to the company, that's one motivation and breaking those constraints is the value proposition. The second one is really on the cost side of the ledger. One of the consequences of these closed proprietary systems is the units that have to be changed are you can't break apart once those things are inside of a monolithic closed system. So if you wanna do a relatively simple thing like upgrade a compute capability because of Moore's law or improvements in software operating systems, when you have closed coupled and proprietary connected components, you can't upgrade component pieces. And the cost to us, the asset owning company is when we wanna do upgrades on these systems it is an extremely disruptive and extremely costly proposition. So that's why we want to move towards standards-based open technologies where the interfaces are defined such that we can upgrade components when there's a value proposition to do so not because the supplier has decided to let's say discontinue a product line. The currently available products were designed in an era before we had this ubiquitous internet connectivity and all of the cybersecurity risks that we currently have to mitigate and incorporating designed in cybersecurity characteristics of the systems that we wanna have that that would be a third mechanism of business benefit. Okay, so how then does the OPEF model differ from what came before? So what OPA's reference architecture which is depicted in the slide that you have up here, Brandon, kind of recalibrates us to the highly distributable compute technology that we currently have. So in the OPA reference architecture at the bottom of the stack, you see these devices, the acronym DCN which stands for distributed compute node. That's where we envision the actual edge layer of computing technology. The middle bar there is the networking technology where in contrast to proprietary protocols where a device can only speak to a device made by the same manufacturer, we want to use Ethernet-based industry standards technologies to achieve interoperability. And then the ACP which stands for Advanced Compute Platform is a way of realizing highly scalable compute power akin to what the IT companies do now in data centers and in the cloud but in a small on-premise footprint that's fit for purpose for the requirements of the applications that we use to control a plant. So it's a shift away from what was basically an outdated architectural principle towards an architecture that's grounded more in the computing and networking capabilities of today and looking into the future. So then which parts or layers of the automation system are covered by the OPA standard and perhaps equally as important what's excluded from the standard? So in scope of OPA would be or is rather the input output modules that are used whether you have a DCS, a distributed control system or a PLC system, the DCS itself or the PLCs themselves and the layer of computing technology that is immediately above the DCS or the PLC. So that is what's in scope. The field devices and the communicate the field devices means sensors and final control elements and the communications to the sensors and final control elements is out of scope. The business computing system is out of scope the safety instrumented system AKA safety shutdown system is out of scope. My name is Kirk Smith. I'm principal engineer and director within Intel's Industrial Solution Division. The scope of my current responsibilities in Intel are that I lead an industrial architecture team responsible for delivering a variety of reference solutions to the market for the ODM and OEM and SI ecosystem that we work with in the industrial domain. We believe that with the IoT transformation and the associated changes that are expected in the industrial space we see them accelerating. We believe IT practices are being adopted more and more in the OT domains and the standardization in that space is critical to the realization of true interoperability and portability for the process and discrete industries at large. I'm pleased to welcome Luis Durand from ABB to the podcast. My name is Luis Durand. I'm product line manager with ABB in the process control platform part of the industrial automation group. With the forum, one of the co-chairs with the business working group. For ABB, this initiative is quite important. For ABB as a leader in DCS really we see that part of our success has been to be continuously transforming the DCS in response to end use driven initiatives. Right now we see this transition towards this converge IT or T systems and different type of architectures. And we see OPAP as one very important industry effort that will accelerate these transformations. Luis, how is OPAP different from other standard efforts that you are aware of? We are developing a standard of standards and we're driving towards an open, secure and interoperable products defined by these standards. One of the nice elements that we have in the forum is the membership. And I mentioned before this active participation from operating companies in the industry is really, really very valuable. We have people from the chemical space, pharmaceutical, coupon paper, oil and gas. We have automation suppliers, hardware and software suppliers for that system integrators over 90 different members actively participating in the development of this standard. We're building on the success that have been achieved by other initiatives that the open group sponsor FACE was one of those initiatives that basically as a model aerospace industry we have experiences from the telecommunication industry that we are bringing into play. So overall we are combining a very diverse set of experiences and the main knowledge and needs to make this standard of standards a reality. Welcome Julie Smith from DePont. Julie, what makes OPAP compelling to you? Well, I think as you look across the top of this chart here you can see many different industries represented in the forum and they're very diverse. You know, the business model and needs of oil and gas are quite different from specialty chemical manufacturers like us or pharmaceuticals. But we all have common pain points in dealing with process automation systems. And I think that's what is really nice about this forum and that it brings us together to have a common voice to articulate what are these pain points we're experiencing and how we can work together to affect a change in the industry. We're all seeing that it's becoming harder and harder to integrate best in class components with our process automation systems. We're all seeing that cybersecurity is becoming more important but it's becoming more difficult to do and it's an afterthought in most cases. We're all seeing that we've got to run systems past the end of life but Windows is turning out a new version every five years and there's no way we're gonna update our control systems that frequently. So there's many common threads that allow us from these very diverse industries to band together and say, look, our colleagues in IT have figured out ways to address these challenges. We as OT need to figure out a way to do the same. Okay, so how would you as a process automation practitioner then expect the process automation industry to change with the adoption of the OPA standard? Well, I think we're gonna see breaking down of the silos, particularly in the hardware arena. I mean, there's just no standardization today. There's tremendous benefit for end users to have a consolidation there so that we don't have to have dedicated staff maintaining the systems just because they came from a different vendor. The hardware itself is becoming more commodity. We've certainly seen that in the IT world and I think it's just a matter of time before it happens in the OT world as well. And then what benefits do you anticipate will come from end users implementing systems that conform to the standard? Certainly the one you have in the center there, multi-bender interoperability is huge for us. As I mentioned earlier, we've got many different systems in our plants as we've changed through mergers and acquisitions over the years. We've got pretty much one of everything, but we've all got the same objective in that we're trying to figure out how to run our plants smarter, more effectively and bring new products to market. So any way that we can leverage solutions, even though we have multi-benders is gonna be a huge win for us. Also security, as I mentioned, we know that cybersecurity is only gonna get more important. The old days of security by obscurity are gone. For either of you, why is creating a standard largely from existing standards important? Well, hopefully one way it's important is that it'll allow us to get to the end result faster. Yeah, and that's right. I mean, I think that I see one, the acceleration of the implementation of products that already might have certain, surprise might have already the expertise with some of these standards in implementing the products, but also having really the benefit of that expertise brought into the automation arena by this exercise of creating a standard of standards within the OPAS, we can benefit and leverage that experience from the other industries into the industrial automation space and make our system more resilient. Let's say, easier to evolve, easier to move forward into the future. One of the differences that the forum brings, we see that a key success factor for the forum is to be able to review and ensure that every product that is developed following the standard fulfills and demonstrate conformance to 100% of the specification. Yeah, I think that's something that we're gonna look for. I think when we look to purchase these systems and components, we're gonna ask, are you certified? And there's gonna be a registry that we are able to go and verify. Oh, yes, Joe's product is, yep, it's listed in the registry, it's certified. Okay, that's great. That means it passed the tests that we know it's gonna work. We can plug it in with confidence. Charcot-Pierre, I'm based in the Netherlands working for Shell. I'm in the process automation space, I think overall for more than 30 years. In my role, I look at what's the next step for Shell. I'm also working on other strategies which are related to process automation. This is once in a lifetime opportunity to do something like what we're doing today, help to make some basic choices on the road we're gonna follow for the next couple of years. So that's what I do. Welcome, Jack, to the podcast. What does Shell hope to gain from the OPA standard? OPA is important because it will provide us with things we don't have today. So if the world is changing around us and our company is changing and all the companies are changing, or these are disruptive times, if you will, our process control is gonna play a bigger role. And we have to prepare ourselves for a more flexible way of working. And that's where we said we need to come up with a strategy that allows us to do that. The way to do that nowadays is to standardize on more open platforms. And the OPA was the obvious candidate for that. So Shell joined OPA, I think, in 2018. OPA is already seen as a very credible solution by the whole industry, so that's also why we joined. So basically, technology and the technology outlooks, which are difficult to achieve with the current systems. So Shell is a large end user of process automation systems. And how will the OPA standard influence the way the whole ecosystem of suppliers, system integrators, and others work together in a more open and innovative marketplace? For the industry, it's disruptive. As the technology changes fast, the question is, can we keep up with the technology we're facing, with the technology we use currently? That's really a question. And I think another question is, can our current suppliers keep all the polls in the air without collaboration? So if you think about how fast things are changing and how fast the market is adopting, how the end user companies are changing, I think all those changes together actually require us to collaborate more and to make sure that together we can get the products and the systems we need and want. All together, we have to work towards a model that works in this more complex world and a more flexible world and a faster moving world. And I think our current model doesn't allow us to do that, if you will. And as we come to our conclusion, we have invited one of the leading contributors of the forum to share some closing thoughts. So let me start. My name is Ron Bro. I'm a director of Industrial Solutions Market Development. I work for WindRiver Systems. We develop software and provide professional services for the embedded or intelligent edge market as it's called today. Working in O-Path gives us a clear firsthand understanding of our customer's pain points. And from a WindRiver perspective, this helps us fine tune our product strategy and ensure we're making investments that deliver the most value to our customers. Working hand in hand on complex business and technical issues as we do with our customers and our competitors establishes a strong environment, I'd say, of mutual respect and collaboration, rather than just being faceless names, the kind of interactions that you have when developing standards like this, it really helps to foster meaningful relationships with people. And honestly, you can't put a price on something like that. Ron, you and WindRiver have contributed a lot to the momentum of the OPA standard. What would you say to those companies still sitting on the fence about becoming involved? Momentum is building at this point to produce fully interoperable components from multiple vendors in 2020 and 2021. And in order to support viable products, we're creating the testing and certification mechanisms right now through the end of the year. You see here a picture of a train. And I would say that that train has already left the station. Open interoperable systems for process automation are inevitable at this point. And you really need to get engaged and get on board so that you can be part of it as well. In terms of learning more about OCAF and how do you get the materials that you need to come up to speed? Well, I'd say if you've made it this far into the webinar, I really do hope you'll reach out to us. We have these links that are provided. They can take you to the OPA website. You can read back and get information. We have contacts in there. We have new companies that are joining us and contributing their voice and perspective and expertise even now. And we would love to have you join as well and be part of this and help us chart the future in process automation.


Good morning and welcome to BC103 New Testament Survey. Last class we studied on the facts from the Gospel of Luke. So how much do we remember from the Gospel of Luke? Anyone can just unmute and share a few details about the Gospel of Luke that stood out and that you learned about this book. Yes, Sean, you can unmute and speak into the mic. Ma'am, I think the Gospel of Luke is very detailed Gospel. So Luke asked around a lot of people not to get the right accurate information to put in when he's writing each and every passage in this book. So it's much more detailed Gospel than the rest of the Gospel. And he was also a historian. So that's why. Okay. Thank you, Sean. Okay. Thank you, Sean. Giving that information. Anyone else? Yes, the Gospel of Luke is much more informative and detailed, as Sean said. Yes. Gospel of Luke, it's written by, we know that it's written by Luke. And it's like he didn't read Jesus, even though he read about Jesus many things. He used to go with Paul the Heart and he write. And this is where he writes songs in all and it's written for like Gentiles and Greeks. Thank you. Thank you, Chira. Yes. Luke was not the eye with us and it was written to the others, the Gentiles and the Greeks. Thank you so much. Anyone else would like to add on? Anyone else? One more person. Luke is talking more about Jesus rather than his preaching, his actions, what he has done. Okay. Luke is talking about the actions. Thank you. Thank you. Okay. Today I'll just take you through a story format of the Gospel of Luke, where we'll be covering the complete Gospel of Luke and you can remember. Let me share the screen with you. Not much. It's the same. I'm just sharing it so that we keep it interesting. Okay. So we all know the author of this book is Luke. Is Luke the author of only the Gospel of Luke? Or yes, he's also the author of the book of Acts. He is a physician. The writing style is very different, very informative, and it's in detail. Any other thing that you would like to add on to the author who Luke was? He was also a close companion of Apostle Paul, who was with him in most of his journey. This would make Luke the only Gentile. He was the only Gentile to write the Gospel of Luke at Acts. Okay. So what's the big idea? Have you any time thought what's the big idea of the Gospel of Luke? We all see that the Gospel of Matthew would raise Jesus as the King. And Gospel of Mark would raise Jesus as the servant. And Gospel of Luke, yes, it is a yes. Okay. Yes. Thanks, Jack. And she said, perfect, ideal man. Yes. Gospel of Luke gives a unique perspective of Jesus as the Son of Man, as the perfect, ideal man.  Okay. So Luke, you know, about him, we all know that he was a physician. He was a Paul's traveling companion. And in Luke's Gospel, we see there's a lot of takeaways. There's a lot of takes and views of Jesus. So the Gospel, like we see in this Gospel, we see Jesus as a teacher, preacher, a friend and a leader. And also we see him as a powerful healer. So Luke presents them all in one. It's a biography of Jesus Christ, which has about 24 chapters. He has written in detail. And this can be divided into four moments. Just give me a minute. Please give me a minute. One second. I don't want to go into the presentation. Yes. Just giving the presentation, which has these four points. Okay. One minute, please. Okay, you can note down these points. Okay, everyone can see that in your screen, right? You can see it. So the Gospel of Luke has 24 chapters and we can, which is divided in four movements. The first one is the preparation. Second, it is also called as the four Ps. Preparation, power, parables and passion. So the preparation part, it talks about who Jesus is. The preparation part talks about who Jesus is. The second part, when we discuss the power, it talks about what Jesus did. The signs, wonders, miracles. Okay. The third, the parables talks about what Jesus said. What Jesus said about the kingdom of heaven for us to understand. And the fourth part talks about the passion is about what Jesus accomplished for each of us on the cross. You all got it? The four points. The preparation, the power, the parables and the passion. So do we know what is the preparation is? Can anyone say? The preparation is who Jesus is. The power talks about what Jesus did. Okay, now let's go. How about the parables? Yes, what Jesus said and the passion, what Jesus accomplished. Well, this is, you know, the Luke portrays, as we know, it talks about Jesus has a man or the son of man. He portrays Jesus as rabbi, teacher, preacher. Who's having this compassion to teach, preach and to comfort and heal the sick, heal the suffering. So here in the first part, the preparation, we see Luke writes to a man named Theophilus, who may be a Roman official, and he's aiming to give him an orderly account of Jesus' life in detail. So that's why we see in this book, this book is so studious and focused on Jesus' teaching, because of this aim to give an orderly account. So he gives an extra information like the circumstance about the birth of John the Baptist was Jesus' cousin. And he also goes ahead and mentions about how John the Baptist's dad, Zechariah, was muted because of his unbelief. And also, this is not mentioned in the other book. So he also mentions about the birth of Jesus. Jesus been born in a barn in the presence of the animals. A detailed picture how the situation was, that's why he gives a complete narrative, the information for you and I today to understand. Now the cattle shed that we have in our time, what we see may not be the same because they are dead. It may be like a den, we don't know. Definitely it may not be like what we see in our time. It is very different. And we also see further, he also narrates about how Mother Mary was felt by the power of the Holy Spirit and how she sang a song, the Magnificat, a wonderful song of commitment and faith. And also we see the baby Jesus been presented at the temple and there were two old wonderful people who were present there. Who are those two wonderful people? Yes, Simeon and Hannah. They both knew exactly who this baby Jesus was when the parents came and presented him with a child dedication at the temple. And in the book of Luke, we get the only story of Jesus' childhood has been recorded. Where his family was in Jerusalem for a Passover and they left him there by mistake. They would have thought, okay, he's gone with the cousins because they all usually travel with family. They travel, the huge gang travels together. So they thought, okay, maybe Jesus with somebody else. But later between the journeys when they realized that Jesus is not with them. And then they had to come back to Jerusalem and they found him in the temple sitting with all the other elders, asking questions and answering the people at the temple. And this was amazed. And when they got him there, they asked him what happened. And he's like, I'm about to do my father's business. He had to remind his mom and dad, his parents about he's been sent to fulfill other's business. So this is one of the reminder of Jesus' childhood is mentioned in the Gospel of Luke. We also see Jesus' cousin, John the Baptist, preaches, prepared the way for Jesus as per the prophecy of Isaiah. And also in the book of Malachi, which has been foretold about the foretold. And also in the Gospel of Luke, we see Jesus' genealogy addressing back to Abraham and back to the first man, Adam. It is only in the Gospel of Luke where his genealogy goes back to the first man, Adam. As a final story of preparation, Jesus defeats the temptations while he also records about Jesus fasting for 40 days and 40 nights in the desert. And through a quotation scripture about, you know, how Jesus overcame the temptation. In the Gospel of Luke, he mentions how Jesus overcame. Yes, they have listed only three, but they may be more temptation. But here in the Gospel of Luke, he has listed three temptations and how Jesus overcame those temptations with scripture. And let's move on to the second part. What is the second part? The power. So when we talk about the power, we see Luke narrating classic stories that people think of when they think of Jesus. So when we think, just imagine we in the class, what do we think when we think about Jesus? The stories of Jesus, like he, you know, he preached to a big, large crowd. Just imagine, there was no mic system there. How he could preach. Every time I go on a mountain top, this will come to my mind. How did Jesus preach to 5,000 people? How did he preach? How was he audible? And also we see Jesus healed. Everyone who came to Jesus were healed. Everyone. There may be many sick people there, but not everyone Jesus walked up and went and healed. But one thing we can be assured, everyone who came to Jesus were healed. And even the unclean spirit, the lepers, the paralytic, some people on the Sabbath's day, they were healed. So we see and even the widow's son were raised from the dead and he healed the centurion servant. And all of these healing shows Jesus's power. Jesus had power for sickness and disease. He also did some big miracles like calming the storm by speaking to it. The very word, the very word, the storm was calm. He fed 5,000 people with one lunch just with two fish and five loaves of bread. He fed 5,000 people. Can I finish this point, Sean? I'll address it. And he also transfigured himself on the mountain. So during the transfiguration, who are the two people who appeared along with Jesus? Moses and Elijah, they showed up. And Jesus, did Jesus call all the twelve disciples and he transfigured? Or did he call only, sorry, only three disciples? Okay, who are those three disciples? Peter, James and John. What are these three disciples called? They're called as inner circle. Most of the places, Jesus had only these three disciples with him and he performed the miracle. Even when he was raising the girl back to life, Tabitha, you know, he, along with the girl's parents, he allowed Peter, James and John. During the transfiguration, we see Peter, James and John. Even at the Garden of Gethsemane, they were disciples.  Many instances that Jesus had these three disciples very close to him. And they are called as inner circle. Yes, with that, we will ask, yes, Sean. It's not more of a question. It's not more of a question. It's more like I want to add a point when I think of Jesus. The one story that comes to mind is that he peaches near the beach where the crowd is too big. So at one point, he had to go into the boat and push it up quite far from the shore. And from there, he had to preach.  You know, it's such a large people at a distance between them. So how would we be able to preach message in that those conditions? Yeah. Thank you. Yes, see, if you see all these instances, again, there's a question like how people would have heard Jesus even near the beach like what Sean said. Jesus just moved his boat little further and he spoke. He addressed a huge crowd. One thing the Bible says wherever Jesus was, there was a huge crowd pressing toward him. Sorry. We also see that during the time of the medical gyros, when he was on his way to heal child's daughter and this woman who had the problem with the men with the blood for 12 years, she had this problem.  But she made a way to read Jesus to touch the hand of the garment. So yeah, what we see is there was a crowd pressing toward Jesus, huge crowd. And that is how it is like whenever Jesus stepped out to preach and teach to people, there was a huge crowd following Jesus. So in this huge crowd, definitely the crowd will be silent. Isn't it? How did everyone get to hear Jesus? That itself is a miracle, isn't it? I feel that when there's a thirst within us to know him. I think our spirit gets connected no matter how far he is, what he says we could hear. We could understand. You see on the day of Pentecost when there were 3,000 people, when Peter preached his first sermon, everyone could hear him and also understand in their own language. So that was the Lord's doing, isn't it? Same thing. Same thing. The Lord enables us to understand. Even though our scripture has been written in our own language, when people read it, they don't understand it. Unless and until the Holy Spirit reveals it to them, unless and until the Holy Spirit illuminates the word, we cannot understand what it says. So the understanding comes from God. So Jesus also calls us disciples and he preaches in the synagogue and accepts the women, accepts the women. And you see there's a cross culture. He never said that only the men can preach and teach, not the women. He allowed the women to be part of his ministry. And we also see John the Baptist among his disciples. We see John the Baptist. Disciples also joined the disciples of Jesus like Peter and Andrew were part of John the Baptist disciples. And he sent out parcels to preach and heal. And there are many more stories when we read the Gospel of Luke. Also, the stories that show Jesus' power. And Jesus also teaches about the fasting breaches, a full sermon with similar content of the sermon on the mouth. But this time he is preaching on a field. So he begins this parable. We are talking about the parables, the third part. So he begins the parables to foretell of his own death and the other teachings. And once again, he is actually teaching and allowing only certain people to understand the parables. When he is sharing the parables, why is Jesus teaching in parables? What is parables? Can anyone say what is parable? Anyone from the class can unmute? It's basically short stories, which is easy for people to understand. It's basically short stories for people to understand. And he did it in such a way so that people can understand what he is trying to say, what he is trying to preach. Because when you read the Bible, you don't understand what the passage is like. Only when you read and you try to understand, you know, it's in a story format, people understand much better. But in particular news, you just say it like that as it is. When you tell a story format, people can understand what you are trying to tell much better. I think that's why he preached in parables and that's the purpose of the parables. Anyone else? Good job. Anyone else? Anyone from online? What are parables? Why did Jesus tell stories in a parable format? Can you hear me? Can you hear me? In parables. Hello, can you hear me? From the class. Am I audible? I am just seeing. Am I audible? I can't say any chat. Nina said something, is it? Or she typed on the chat. Yeah, I can't say I'm audible. So it was actually examples from daily life, but with a spiritual lesson. When he wanted to communicate a spiritual point, he used a parable so that it is understandable. So that was from daily life. Examples from daily life which we can relate to. But there was always a spiritual lesson behind it. Thank you. Thank you, Nina. Everyone understood what Nina was saying. Okay, Nina was trying to say. It is a story. Sorry, Nina. We actually couldn't hear you the first part when you said. We will hear now. Can you hear me now? Yes. Yes. Okay. So I said examples from daily life. Used things from which everybody can relate to. But there was always a spiritual lesson behind it that he wanted to communicate. And that is why he used those things to reveal that spiritual truth. Were you able to hear this time? Yes, this time we heard you. Thank you. Yes, it is a spiritual story to reveal the heavenly truth. That's right. Yes. Yes, parable is a story which is an heavenly story. It has a heaven kingdom of God. It involves the kingdom of God. The heavenly story which reveals the spiritual truth. We also see the story. Parables is something that has been said on the few set of people who can understand and it also hides from the others. The unbelievers who do not believe Jesus. Yes, sure. Go ahead. We also try to say that parables how they relate to our daily lives. That's it. Are you going to hear? I was trying to say that when Nina started talking about parables she said how it relates to our daily life also. When she said the first name, that's what she said. Yes, thank you. That's right. Yeah. In this Gospel of Luke we see a large amount of parables been shared. Which is not there in any other Gospel. Luke says that Jesus turns his face to Genesis and teaches and tells the stories on a long journey there. Jesus also teaches a lot on this journey about the past of following him. He teaches about the prayer, the sign of Jonah, the evil deeds of the Pharisees ove to the Pharisees and much more things he shares through the parable format. So we also find a more narrative moment on the journey of Jesus when he's sending out the 72 followers on a mission. He also thought Mary and Martha about the difference. The role of Mary and Martha when they invited Jesus home you see the difference in their role. One was very busy in cooking and making all the other arrangements whereas Mary just sat at the feet of Jesus and heard him through. And when Martha was annoyed you see what Jesus said Martha don't disturb Mary because she has chosen the better place. So through this parable Jesus is asking us to being in his presence is much more better than doing anything else. That is the best place. So he brings a difference between being and doing things and as this is the Gospel of as Luke would raise his Gospel as Jesus as the son of man we see him giving more importance towards the human the human side of the factor. We also see that only in this Gospel we see that you know how we narrate Zacchaeus being a short man and he brings out a moral story from the life of Zacchaeus. He writes that there was a most famous man about Zacchaeus. He says he was rejected by the other Jewish people. He was a very short man he wanted to see Jesus because he could not see what Zacchaeus did. We all know the story isn't it he climbed up on a tree to look at Jesus among the crowd. So as though there was a huge crowd around Jesus Jesus took attention on the Zacchaeus was on the tree and Jesus approached to a rim and he called him down and you know Jesus ended up having a me led Zacchaeus place including the other tax collector friends. So what happened? The Pharisees were upset with Jesus the outcome of that but then what happened? That was not the only outcome. You see the good side of it exactly is he repented. Repented and not only he repented he also showed it in action. So whenever I need to repay I will repay him four times. So Jesus responded in transforming the people around him. He went toward the sick. That's why he also said the sick needs the doctor.  So the reason of this section called the parable is because the main focus here was Jesus he was an iconic storyteller he got some of his best ones here in this gospel is the rich fool who died before he could enjoy his selfish earnings he also went ahead and shared about the victory that bed no fruit so it's burnt he also shared about the mustard seed mustard seed it could be as small it is but it had when it is planted it had the power to break the rock and grow into a massive tree turned out to be a blessing to many a parable about choosing the basis of humility way to sit in this gospel it has been narrated story about a man with like really lame friends who wouldn't go to his party and so he invited the poor the beggars on the street were invited to the party instead he also shared about the story of a lost sheep story of a lost coin the story of the prodigal son who wanted his son's back to him a story about a dishonest and a shrewd manager a rich man in hell and the poor man in the heaven in the heaven another one about a widow who won't stop bothering a judge until he gets justice so he also gives a picture of the persistent prayer he also shares about a story of the Pharisees who prays prideful prayer in the temple whereas a tax collector prays humbly for God saying I'm not even worthy to look at you he also shares a story about a money been given to a servant to make more money for the master the story of the talent another one about the wicked tenant this is the largest section of Jesus story telling anyway in the Bible it got some of its best known and least known for known stories Luke is also showing Jesus as a teacher, as a rabbi who uses creative methods to tell about heaven coming to earth in the fourth part with this we'll move on to the fourth part that's the passion so in this final week on the earth Jesus trial is been narrated in this book where he's been tortured to kill Jesus entered Jerusalem on a donkey while the people yelled ozana and he weeps over the city of Jerusalem he makes heads roll at the temple by flipping tables he's so upset because they change the temple into a money lending place a marketplace so Jesus also thought during his final week about the destruction of the temple and what will happen in the last days he also thought a lesson from a withered victory and teaching on taxes we also see that with his intellectual and social battle with the Pharisees and the scribes and lawyers you also you know try to try to defend them with the truth and this offended these Pharisees and scribes so they went behind Jesus and planned a plot to kill him we also see Jesus own disciple Judas betrayed Jesus while he was praying in the garden of not only Judas what did Peter do what did Peter do? Peter denied Jesus when he was on trial it's not only about Peter and Judas most of the time we highlight them isn't it what about the other disciples they ran away they ran away in leaving Jesus you know there was a time and they all were talking who's going to be next who's going to be next with Jesus who's going to sit on his right hand left hand everyone wanted that position isn't it but now an actual time came the time of trial no one want to be there in fact James and John said we can be there we can do what you are trying to do you know we can drink the same cup so Jesus said you can when Jesus said that he's talking about when the Holy Spirit comes upon each and every disciple they'll endure to death but at this point at this point they could not because they were all filled with fear they ran away they fled from Jesus so now Jesus is alone he's been tortured beaten and Jesus stood before Pilate who's a Roman leader Pilate found no guilt on Jesus and he was sent to Herod and now Herod looks at Jesus and Herod also finds no problem no guilt but then what happened Jesus's own people Jewish Jewish people screamed louder say crucify him crucify him the own people for whom he came they pointed out Jesus and said crucify him so the soldiers led him away and he was so weak when he was carrying that cross he was so weak that the soldiers had to take help from the crowd one man to come and help to carry the cross they thought even before do you know what if Jesus dies even before we could crucify him so they brought a man from the crowd to carry the cross for Jesus so that he may die on the cross so Jesus was crucified on the cross and we know what happened on the cross what happened on the cross what are the seven words that Jesus spoke on the cross I had a video there were seven words that Jesus spoke on the cross but the last one what was the last one yes Jesus screams with a loud voice on the cross saying Sada into your hands I come with my spirit by saying that Jesus actually quotes from Psalms 31 and he died he was a great teacher preacher of the world was betrayed and killed by his own people on a Friday but the biography doesn't end there the third day okay he rose again and his followers went to his tomb and they witnessed that Jesus was not there that Jesus was not there and then what happened they only witnessed an empty tomb and the angel of the Lord gave them a message saying that we will leave and meet him there and then on the way to the imams the disciples were walking and in this gospel we see that Jesus joined these two disciples but they did not realize it was Jesus and Jesus pointed out certain things there was a strange man who joined and started to explain to them about the Old Testament and the Pentateuch everything that was taught to them Jesus and when the strange man disappeared suddenly or he vanished then they realized it was Jesus the strange man was Jesus so the disciples were perplexed so it was the final teaching from the greatest rabbi in israel's history so at the end of the book we see some of his disciples were having dinner and Jesus appeared to them and even he ate with them that was the transfiguration this is on the road to imams and here we see that Jesus was with his disciples and he had dinner with them he ate fish and Jesus we see he lift up his hands on the last day I'm not too sure if I have that video no I don't have that video okay I don't have a picture for that but it was on the it was on the last day Jesus you know lifted up his hands and blessed them we see the last chapter of Luke and he was lifted up into heaven to be with his father so the book of Luke ends to be continued in the book of Acts so if we say the Gospel of Luke is a biography of Jesus we can say the book of Acts is a biography of his followers so being said that being said that what is our learning from the Gospel of Luke what is our learning what is the application that we can carry from this Gospel anyone so we see that the Gospel of Luke portrays Jesus as a profound implication for our relationship with God today gives lot of teaching lot of stories where we can relate we can build a relationship with God Jesus walks us through the Gospel of Luke illustrating this deep abiding care for us people we can see the compassionate heart of Jesus to each of us it is just not for the people who live there but to each of us the compassionate heart towards us so do we believe that God loves us no matter what we have done in our past we believe that the fact that the eternal Son of God stooped down to this lower or he humbled himself to be a human and be one among us he took the form of human flesh and made himself subject to the human limitations he left away the godly glory and he took away the human limitations and here we also see that you know how much God cared for each of us and he he moved with compassion he showed himself whenever Jesus moved with compassion we see there are signs, wonders and miracles he was there for people he paid attention to the least he paid attention to the poor he paid attention to the tax collectors he gave them a new life he was there for those who were rejected he also showed he illustrated himself saying that I am here for them, for the lost that was one of the reason through the parables he spoke about the lost call the prodigal son the lost sheep he left the 99 and he came for the one by illustrating all that Jesus saying if I can do it, you can do it can you go behind the lost can you be there to comfort someone can you be there as a strength when somebody is weak can you be a companion for those who are rejected that's the one of the reason why Jesus gave us a new command saying love your neighbor as you are saying love your God with all your heart strength along with it he said love your neighbor as yourself we all have our self as a priority but then your God is saying give that to another God love others, love your neighbors do good to them don't return evil to an evil but return good this is what Jesus this is what Luke illustrated Jesus for us to learn and take it so that we can apply all these qualities in our life so class that's the end of the Gospel of Luke can I request you all to please unmute your mic add your side of the story add your learning so that we all can journey together there stop sharing yes please feel free to unmute and share your learning if there's anything that you would like to add on um I want to say that where's other what I wanted to say is that where Luke shows where other books show what he preaches this miracle and all that Luke shows Jesus when he's not doing this miracle you know when we he shows how we should be when you're preaching and you're not preaching also he shows both sides to it you know whereas as we as people we can learn from this like we only stay good when you're preaching to people you're like telling people what to what not to do as preachers we act as a certain when you're preaching but when you're not preaching when you're like ourselves we most of the time forget those rules we keep telling people those rules when you're preaching but you don't follow them ourselves when you're not preaching so Jesus shows that perfectly whether he's preaching or not preaching how he should be so it's more relatable Luke shows Jesus to a more relatable person to us you know how we too can be like that's what I understood thank you, thank you Sean thank you for sharing that we also see Jack in as opposed to the comment I set an example for us to follow in every way yes he was tempted he was betrayed by his own he loved people knowing who they are he was with them he prayed with them he sacrificed and went through the suffering so we can live today thank you Jack in thank you so much and also we see Shiv Kumar sharing about the parables he has shared parables are the story which has an inner truth about spiritual lessons anyone else would like to share please go ahead you can either post it on the chat okay because of the time we will end the session with the word of prayer can I request one of you all to please unmute and so that we can close the session anyone from the class Sean would you like to pray we have any father thank you very much for guiding us on here for this lovely class any father thank you very much give us a good understanding about the gospel of Luke any father thank you very much learn new things any father and thank you for leading us mighty and learning about the gospel of Luke and thank you very much I would like to thank you very much using the mighty to learn new things any father and please can you do some more of the classes to come any father in Jesus name we pray amen amen thank you so much for joining in today's session see you all tomorrow God bless thank you


Let's revisit design thinking. Design thinking draws upon imagination, intuition and systematic reasoning. Ideas need to be translated into solutions that positively impact a large number of users. Only then we call it innovation. So, for any product or service to be innovative, it must have scale and reach. Absolutely. And obviously there is a process to this. How does it work? First of all, it is essential that designers empathize deeply with the community of users they are working with. Users need to be observed keenly in their specific context. Once this is done, ideas are generated and turned into mock-ups. These mock-ups evolve into working prototypes. That really sounds like a long journey. But a designer cannot possibly be an expert in so many disciplines. Obviously not. That is the reason why I emphasize that innovation depends on collaboration. When designers lead the process of innovation, they need to collaborate with various stakeholders. Tell us a little more about why you advocate collaboration and think it is so crucial to innovation. Your doctoral thesis is also about this, right? Yes, I learnt that innovation works through multiple processes and draws on several skill sets. The transformation of an idea into a solution for a large community of users is obviously possible only when designers, technologists, manufacturers, vendors and experts from a range of domains converge in the process of innovation. So, multiple teams must work together in the innovation process. Yes, as you see here, in my collaborative model for innovation, the core team shoulders the full responsibility for innovation. Then comes the enterprise-wide or the support team. And finally, the external team which gives inputs on new research and technology. These three teams together form the innovation ecosystem. Innovation does not happen without such an ecosystem, whether it is the industry, small-scale businesses or an NGO.


Welcome to Unit 5 of PRDV204 – Payroll Applications. Now that we've talked about federal withholdings, we're going to focus on them at a state level. Each state has its own laws that impact the payroll of its citizens. Trying to understand the specific laws of each state can get a bit overwhelming. Instead, we will direct you to a resource with information about your own state's payroll and withholding laws. We also encourage you to review other state's laws so that you can compare them with your own. We will also touch on the impact of non-tax withholdings, including insurance premiums, charitable contributions, union dues, and the handling of legal judgments. Good luck and I will see you at the beginning of Unit 6.