Welcome. I'm Jennifer Schenker, editor-in-chief of The Innovator, a global publication about digital transformation. A few housekeeping points. The session is being publicly live-streamed and will be available on the forum's web pages. Please use the Zoom chat feature if you want to raise questions. I'll do my best to get to them. The 30-minute panel will be followed by a more detailed discussion that will be limited to forum members and partners. Today's discussion will focus on the new healthcare environment with data-driven AI. Artificial intelligence has the potential to speed up drug development and our ability to eradicate diseases. It can help get medical advice to people who have no access to doctors and usher in personalized medicine, making more precise diagnosis or prediction of diseases and response to therapy possible. The more data AI collects, the more accurate it will be. But what happens if we give away all the data and leave all of these wonderful AI-led discoveries to a small number of global companies? Will we end up worse off with even more unequal access to medical care? Designing an approach to ethical and equitable data-driven AI in the healthcare sector raises many questions. Should we allow every single molecule in people's bodies to become exploitable for economic value? Or should health data be considered a public good and treated separately from data about which brands we prefer or what we're posting on social media? Who owns an individual's health data and how do we make certain that privacy is respected? How do we guarantee that individuals and or communities benefit from the data collected about them? And how do we ensure that data collected represents and is designed to help members of all races and ethnic groups and that low-income countries or communities do not get left behind? I'm pleased to introduce an all-star panel to address these crucial issues. The Honorable Stella Nedaveni-Abraham's South Africa's Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies, Dr. Gianrico Farugia, President and CEO of the Mayo Clinic, and Carlos Correa, Executive Director of the South Center. I'd like to start with you, Minister. Sub-Saharitan Africa has become an emerging arena for digital health innovations directed at strengthening healthcare in terms of both patient management and disease surveillance and prevention. Across the region, with the world's largest burden of disease and the most severe shortage of healthcare workers, we see increased use of digital health solutions and interventions for clients, healthcare providers, health system managers and data services. For example, the Rwandan government has teamed with UK Startup to roll out an AI-powered digital diagnostic service with the support of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. But in most parts of Africa, telemedicine is currently limited by the availability of basic infrastructure, such as study, electrical power, cellular network coverage, and broadband internet service. Please tell us how South Africa is tackling the infrastructure issues. Thank you so much, Jennifer, and greetings to all Japanese and everybody who's listening to us here. You are raising a very critical issue that actually, by the emergence of COVID, really exposed many governments in the realities that we have taken for granted. You are raising an important issue when you make mention of the AI, especially in that that one to achieve as we deal with this horrific virus that you are looking at. But as you correctly put it, the baseline of everything before we talk about deploying all those technologies, be it AI or any other, people have to be connected. Now in a country just like South Africa that has lots of digital divide, it becomes imperative that all governments prioritize that. The president of South Africa with his government, they've made sure that they establish the infrastructure council that looks into ensuring that the entire ecosystem of the infrastructure is addressed. And that's not only looking at the digital infrastructure, although we are saying, yes, the digital infrastructure will be the key driver or enabler of the services that must be rendered. We're looking at the infrastructure for the health sector. We're looking at the infrastructure for human settlement because as people are displaced, again, there's the super spread activities that we get to see. But at the center of that is that often showing that South Africa has a clear plan towards leveraging on the fourth industrial revolution that we're talking about. And at the center of the fourth industrial revolution that we're talking about, artificial intelligence is therefore there, which is why when we establish the presidential commission, we then took a clear resolution that there's a need for us to establish an AI center in order to make sure that we build that capability as we want to deploy AI in different aspects in the health sector, in the education sector, as I spoke about the digital divide, but also the limited resources that we have. These are the interventions that we're bringing there in order to be able to connect the citizens that are in the remote areas with specialists in certain areas. And as I'm speaking to you, the Department of Health is busy right now rolling out telemedicine to ensure that our people can be able to have that, but we've got to address basic things. The last time we came to Davos, Jennifer, they mentioned the issue of our load shedding. What is South Africa doing to make sure that we stabilize energy? Because we may be talking about the digital infrastructure, but if we're not looking into the entire ecosystem, then our people will not be able to enjoy the benefits that they should be enjoying in the technologies that we're talking about, which is why we're addressing the energy crisis that we have in the country. You've heard our commitment as a government, and of course at the center of that is looking into the transport issues, and I can go on and on. Our department is championing the rollout of broadband connectivity, which once again has been focusing on connecting public buildings and COVID has shown us that people may not have access to public buildings. They must therefore have access to connectivity in their respective areas, and that's what we're busy with now. Thank you so much, Minister. So if I can ask us a follow up, even if infrastructure issues can be overcome, some people question whether it's wise to allow AI powered health bots to diagnose people at a distance. What safeguards do you think should be put in place before allowing AI to do triage? And in your opinion, do we still need humans in the loop? Yes, I'm going to start with the last one. We do need humans in the loop. But as we talk about the basics before we deploy AI, at the center of this is to look into the ethics of AI, therefore looking at the programmers themselves. What are these things that they should comply with? Because if we fail to do that, we'll experience a situation whereby we have people who are discriminated against, and also people cannot attend or get access to certain services, which is why in South Africa we said the ethics of AI is something that's very important. That's why we are working on our AI strategy to say, how can South Africans make sure that as we deploy these technologies, they can have trust in them and we can increase public confidence so that as they continue to consume where they're consuming the services, but they're also guaranteed that they will not then face any talent that will be discriminated against them or anything like we have seen with the images of the robotics and all that, teaching them the ethics and the culture of the people of South Africa in order to make sure that it adapts to the African character that we're building. Thank you so much. So let me just ask you another question. Should health data be considered a public good and treated differently from other types of data collected? I want to use a concrete example here about who owns the data. The Israeli government recently made a deal with Pfizer and in return for access to vaccines that agreed to supply citizen data to the pharma company. In press interviews, an expert in digital privacy at the Israel Democracy Institute questioned the ethics of a deal that could bring millions in profits to Pfizer. She also said sharing large quantities of information could still potentially put individuals' privacy at risk, even if it's supposedly being made anonymous. Would the South African government be willing to trade its citizen's data for access to vaccines or medicines? If yes, what kind of safeguards would need to be put in place? And if not, why not? Well, then if I let me tell you that that question is a tricky one because I don't believe that it's a matter of yes or no. Because as you asked about the basis that must be laid by anybody who wants to deploy those technologies, this also relies on the complexity of ensuring that those rights, individual rights that we're talking about, they are protected. But again, as much as we recognize the importance of protecting individual rights, we also understand that those rights are not absolute. And therefore, in the event, for example, as you are faced with COVID, when we say we want to make sure that we can have minimized the spread of the virus, we can deploy such. But then how do we then control the people that must have access to it, which is something, for example, here at home when we introduce the track and trace, we said the Department of Health must take charge of that because specifically we wanted the data that will be gathered to go and help to plan better and make sure that people indeed are restricted and alerted on time. But at the center of that, it is a constitution that enshrines the individual rights. But as I said, there is the right to life. Therefore, if the measures that we're introducing seek to protect people's lives, therefore, there is nothing wrong. We cannot therefore say government must hide data because this data, as we understand the importance and the fact that it is a driving force in terms of the fourth industrial revolution era that we're participating in, we also understand that it must be availed in order for government to plan better, also for private sector and small businesses, so that as we talk about a potential, for example, potential, another outbreak that we may have, people know exactly what is happening and therefore the scientists can plan properly. But if we're going to want to monopolize access to data, we're not going to be achieving everything that we should be achieving in the ecosystem. So, yes, we do understand that data needs to be protected, but not at the expense of the country's livelihood and everything that goes with it. Thank you so much, Minister. I now like to turn to Dr. Farugia, the president and CEO of the Mayo Clinic. Data welcome and data is health data issues are very complex. What is your view on whether AI-derived health data should be considered a public good and treated differently from other types of data? And if so, what would that look like in practice? Should life-saving knowledge derived from AI be exempt from intellectual property and be open to all? Jennifer, and thanks for hosting the session, first of all. So, I believe there's been a certain mystique that has developed around the concepts of machine learning, of deep learning, of artificial intelligence that really has changed the perception of what it really is. And I can tell you that the more Mayo Clinic uses artificial intelligence, machine learning, and we use it for managing inventory, managing COVID supplies, diagnosing and helping treat patients, the more I realize how hard it is to define it and to define what it is. More and more, I think we should be thinking of AI as one more data analytic tool, albeit, of course, a very powerful one. And really, in healthcare, what results from training machine learning model tends to be either a new diagnostic tool for physicians or a new piece of information to aid in the diagnosis. So really, it ends up being not unlike perhaps another tool like an MRI machine. And of course, we know that these algorithms need to get approval in the US. They go to the FDA because it's a software as a device. And therefore, unless we think differently about whether all devices and medicines should be exempt from my IP protection, I do believe that it would be very hard, probably impossible and inconsistent to differentiate between one and the other. I think it's up to inventors to do so. Having said that at Mayo Clinic, we've chosen to donate some of our AI algorithms to the public. A quick example, we're working on an algorithm to diagnose COVID-19 from an electrocardiogram. We know we can perhaps even do it and determine severity. It's scalable. You could put it on a cell phone, so we want to make it available. But overall, I think it really has to be up to the people developing it to determine whether it should be IP protected or open source. Okay, thank you. So the Mayo Clinic is working with Google as your partner on your approach to collecting health data. Google is of course one of the most important actors in the AI field, but its role in collecting health care data has come under fire. Today, during this session, the forum is announcing an action plan to develop a multilateral approach to responsible data-driven AI that would include government, business, academics, and civil society, essentially bringing everyone around the table to figure out how to ensure that there is consumer trust and confidence in AI. Do you think this kind of system would increase confidence in data privacy and serve as a good alternative to heavy-handed government regulation? That's a really great question. So let me start off by saying our partnership with Google, which has ended up being a very strong partnership, is not about data collection. Our partnership with Google is two-fold. The first is we want to make sure we can protect Mayo Clinic's data. We've been given our data by our patients over 150 years. We're very aware that you can lose that trust in seconds, and therefore we want to make sure we can protect it and put it in a safe place. The second, the more exciting part is combining our clinical expertise with their cloud computing, their analytics capability, so we can accelerate health care innovation. And so what we've done is put things into our platform where we only have access to the platform and then invite others in. We can invite Google in, we can invite inference in, we can invite medically home, many other partners, and every time they only can see the data, they can't export it, so we're remaining in control on it. But of course, we derive benefit for our patients. We've promised our patients we'll innovate, and therefore there's a risk of not doing something together with the risk of doing something. Now, you're right. We do need to put some safeguards because if we don't, other people will, and so we have to continue to be very careful about this. Of course, I haven't seen the details of the proposal. It will have some merit without a doubt because we do want to be able to move forward, but understand also that different countries, different regions have different rules. So it's more, I think, about putting the standards that then can be shifted as we learn more, rather than creating yes, no kind of decisions that will actually hurt the innovation in the field. Overall, I can tell you that this is a field that is massively transforming health care in a good way. Radiation oncology is something that a lot of people don't have access to, and that's often because it takes hours and hours and hours to create a treatment plan. We've been able to use AI to massively reduce that time, create a more accurate treatment plan, and now make it available. And it's that kind of discovery that whatever standards we put in place, we have to make sure that they can continue to happen at the same time, remaining true to what is so important. People trust us with their data. We have to respect it. Thank you very much, Dr. Faruja. Let's turn now to Mr. Correa, the executive director of the South Center. How do you think we can achieve global consensus on who owns an individual's health data? Could you please walk us through how different legal systems are approaching this topic? And in your view, is a global multilateral approach necessary? Thank you, Jennifer, for hosting this meeting and for the questions. Certainly there is today a very major fragmentation about how health data and other data are legally treated. I would say that this data is kind of a limbo. For instance, in one decision by the Supreme Court of Canada, it was held that health data do belong to the doctors and not patients. Though the patient may have a control over the data, the concept was that they are owned by the doctors or the clinics and not the patients themselves. This is not the same in other jurisdictions. So there is a major effort that the international community should do. We should show that the collection and processing of data takes into account these different legal views and there is a general understanding how to deal with this issue. Otherwise, all these powerful tools will not be able to collect the necessary inputs and provide the benefit, too. In this respect, I think it's important to know that there is a major affinity today in the capacity among the doctors and developing countries in terms of collecting and processing data. And as you mentioned in your introductory remarks, it's very important that any system, any regime that is developed in the future, does take into account the quality in access to the benefits of the systems that are developed. So this is a very complex question. I cannot go through all different legal systems at this point, but we really need to look at these carefully. It's a very, very complicated situation, but there is a need to look at international agreement, international understanding of how to deal with data ownership or other type of rights. So let's move, that's a perfect segue into the next question. Let's look at the question of giving some form of value back to individuals in exchange for the data. So the forum's data for Common Purpose Initiative is a new way of looking at data governance that would improve AI by feeding it more and better data, but also benefit individuals. The idea is that devices collect information about individuals' health and lifestyles and then automatically encrypt, anonymize, and transmit along with digital rights management rules. The user would set the permission for what the data can be used for and it could be used for the public good or used for a specific commercial purpose. And if that is the case, the user could be paid. Do you think that this kind of system can work and are you in favor of it? Jennifer, this requires more exploration analysis. It's an interesting idea and I look forward for the outcomes of this project. There are very complex questions to be addressed. One of them is, as I mentioned before, who actually owns the data? Is there an ownership? Data I created, the basis of transaction is the source of the data and a supply of some technology. For instance, when you buy something with your credit card, you are not creating yourself as a user the data, but there is another entity which is participating. So who has the right to control the data? Who owns that? A difficult question. For instance, the case of sensors, which are used in many areas, do the data belong to the manufacturer of the equipment or do they belong to the user of the equipment? So all these needs to be clarified and there may be different approaches. One is this concept of ownership. The other one that you have already mentioned is to consider data as a public good, as a global public good. In fact, there has been an important report produced by a UN high-level panel which was set up by the UN Secretary-General about the digital cooperation. This panel has suggested the concept of digital global public goods in relation to data. But for other countries, data should be subject to sovereign rights because in the end, data have a value like any other asset. And therefore, it is also a very important objective for government to ensure that data are collected and processed under the sovereignty of the territory where these processes take place. So all these approaches need to be taken into account in order to find on the basis of dialogue and the international community involving on taking into account the use of developing countries to find the solution that will allow the use of these powerful tools in a manner, as you mentioned, that is fair and ensure access to all the benefits to all, in particular, developing countries and poor people, vulnerable populations. Are you familiar with different approaches that try to ensure that AI-derived data represents and is designed to help and be affordable to members of all races and ethnic groups and ensure that low-income countries or communities don't get left behind? Are there any approaches that are being tried that could help resolve this imbalance? Well, maybe one of the approaches that I mentioned is suggested by the panel on digital cooperation about the concept of global public goods. But one of the problems that was already suggested is about the appropriation of artificial intelligence systems. The number of patents in relation to artificial intelligence has increased dramatically in the last decade. There was, in fact, a study made by the UK office that has been an increase of around 400% in the last decade in terms of patent applications for artificial intelligence. So, if artificial intelligence tools are subject to appropriation to legal monopolies which are created by patents, then the data which are derived from these systems will also be subject to the control of the owners of the systems. And this is something we need to address in a very straightforward manner. There will be no access to all monopolization is allowed as already being suggested. Therefore, this need to look at this question more carefully and ensure that these technologies are available more widely. In the past, for instance, when the aircraft industry was born in the United States, there was a mandatory patent pool created in order to ensure that all manufacturers or users may have access to these technologies. And this is perhaps one model. There may be other models, but there is need to ensure that these technologies are not monopolized because this will lead in the end to the monopolization of the data which are derived from the systems. Yes, absolutely. Minister, would you like to add anything to that? Well, just to add to the points that have been made, of course, as I said, we all recognize that people must have access to their privacy, but now we're looking at something beyond individuals, although we've got to respect individuals' rights. And this therefore means that most countries must be able to develop their own ways of protecting people's privacy, just like the EU has done. Here in South Africa, we've passed our protection of the Protection of Personal Information Act, the POPIA Act that we have produced. And it specifies on what can be done with somebody's rights, personal information, and what cannot be done. But as I said, as we introduce all these changes because we are facing different challenges every day that therefore requires an individual to seize just looking at herself or her freedom, but looking at the livelihoods of the country and the economy thereof, which is why it's important that you mobilize support. Every decision that you want to make as government, you make sure that you bring people on board to say, now we require to develop these innovations or these interventions, for example, for a health-related matter. And therefore, if we are going to introduce AI boards, how do you make sure that at least bring in the human personnel to make sure that they can at least feel the look, you know, because even if we have them, they still can't do certain things, which is why we always emphasize as much as the world is saying, let's look into developing and ensuring that we encourage our young people to focus on STEM subjects. But we also add that creative side that don't forget the artistic side, because it's important that they also appreciate and understand the culture of that area. For a robot to be able to respond to my mother who is in a village, it's different to respond to me, who is in a suburb area, where things at least are advanced. Therefore, the importance of promoting languages so that they can interact freely, we're not only looking at a particular technology that we must then just extract data from, we're looking into addressing a challenge of the holistic person. That's it, Jennifer, thank you. Okay, thank you so much, Minister. And I want to thank all of the panelists for a very stimulating discussion.


you can't pull it out of thin air. Before we look at some rate data, I want to show you the maths that we used to derive the rate law from experiments. The logic is simple and it's well illustrated by some data on a geometrical shape. So for the purposes of this analogy you need to imagine that you don't know the equation that describes the relationship between the volume of a rectangular prism and its length, width and height. Imagine instead that you've been given this 3D object and that you can modify its length and width only. The height is fixed and that you have to find an equation for its volume. You do some experiments. You vary the length and the width and you measure the volume and you come up with this data in the table here. You look through the data and you can see some relationships. If you look at experiments one and two you'll see that the width was held constant but the length was doubled. When you do that you can see that the volume doubles also. So we can say that the volume must be proportional to the length. You double the length. You double the volume. Note this is not the same as saying it's equal to the length. It's clearly not. But rather that when we multiply the length by a factor the volume gets multiplied by the same factor. Equally you can see that the volume must be proportional to the width. Look at experiments two and three. When the length is held constant but the width is halved the volume halves. You can see a similar relationship between experiments three and four. The width is quadrupled and the volume is also quadrupled. So far so good but we can go further. If the volume is proportional to both the length and the width then we can say that it must be proportional to the product of the length and the width. Well this makes sense. For instance we know that the volume doubles when the length doubles and it doubles when the width doubles. So if we double both the length and the width the volume will double and double again. That is it'll be multiplied by four. If you compare experiments one and four you can see this happening. Alternatively look at experiments one and three. You can see that the length doubles so that will double the volume. But you can also see that the width halves so that will halve the volume. So the combined effect is a doubling and a halving of the volume so it stays the same. Okay but we've got one last problem. Although we know that the volume is proportional to the product of the length and the width it's not equal to the product of the length and the width. Looking at experiment one clearly two times five is not 30 so there's something missing. What's missing is a proportionality constant an unchanging value that's put into the expression to turn it into a true equation with both sides having the same numerical value. At the moment we don't know the value of this constant so we'll just call it k. c already means the speed of light so k is often used to indicate constant.  Now since we have some experimental data we can find out what k is because all we have to do is substitute some values into our new equation and divide the volume value by length times width and that will give us k. And if you look at all the data you can see that in every case volume divided by length times width equals three. So for this system the value of k is three. So we now have an equation that expresses precisely how the length and the width of this object are related to its volume. Obviously in this particular case the constant is the height of the shape and for the purposes of this analogy I've fixed the height at three. It could really have any value. However the point is the process of determining the equation.


క్నింఠివాలిమచి. కోనిగ్లిలిటిసిమిందరాసందందకి, సందందపలాసధికిసిలిందటి. చకూనక్. ఇద్కిసినికికి. నివంపెస్ఉటికిల్బికికాతశతి. వరంపెమ్గ్వాయికిక్కల్దిపిటిిల్కికల్తిటనిటికనొటి. వర్యిటంహంరెపెసల్తా. మలలలారాకిదిట్నెకి. క and how kids are being raised. Please let's hear what you have to say, remember you can join the conversation centers and SMS or WhatsApp to<PHONE_NUMBER>3. You could also tweet to us at WeishuAfrica1 with the hashtag Weishu. So this is even more about how the girl was, so you can tell that girl was so upset that her device was taken from her and that was why she even attempted, and I've seen this happening a lot recently. You see three-year-old, I have friends who have kids who are toddlers and four or five, six as well. And I get it that you're looking for a means to distract your child. Sometimes the kids can be very overwhelmed and you just want to look for a way to just shoot her now. And next when you're playing Coco Melon, two hours, I don't subscribe to it. I've never understood it and I will never understand it.  And I think it should even ration the time, right? So you know that you can only pick up your tablets between 6pm and 8pm and that's after you're done with your homework, you've had dinner and all of that. Maybe one hour, 30 minutes, so as all you have and after that straight to bed, submit the tablets and go straight to bed. But then when for every time you see the child as a distraction, you just simply want to pass a device on to the child for the child to... And that's why our code for today is the Internet is not a babysitter. You think that every time you need to keep the child busy or you need to store the child away, it is by giving the child something to watch or playing. Some people, I mean people that have smart TVs in their homes, they then play it on TV and the child just dead the entire time. And don't you even dare turn on that TV. It's that day you know that a two-year-old can throw tantrums that can bring a building down. So this is the angle of our conversation. Absolutely. You know I used to ask people around me or even myself sometimes like what makes... I mean what kind of intellect does a two-year-old or some month old baby have that makes them so focused on a device? Maybe TV or is it the pictures? I don't get it, but again like you rightly said it's hard for parents. I mean parenting again can be very overwhelming.  And then you give that device. So again for me it is this idea that beyond even listening to the child a child will probably raise a tantrum or even if they... Sometimes children will raise tantrum because they want your attention. Sometimes they decide they are deliberately nuts just because they want your attention and when you fail to give it so every time a child throws it it becomes a pattern and the child can process why I am not getting this thing if this is the response to my tantrum I mean if you don't give me the phone or the tablet tomorrow then there's a problem. I don't know maybe it is because it was so overworked was so tired we failed to see that all maybe we are just being woke I don't know because I mean I think kids throw tantrums in supermarkets in public places in churches and it's so embarrassing it's so embarrassing and I'm very interested in knowing what can be done to really curb this because personally I think the internet as good as it is it's also dangerous even to adults who can function properly it's dangerous if you don't know what you are doing I mean TV social media whatever it's dangerous what are your thoughts you see it's pros and cons basically but if I also want to just chip in a thing or two about that video we played earlier from a professional point of view the teacher was wrong in every aspect but I also want to draw our attention to the fact that the child or the teenager was on duty is for us we need to establish that fact and it was evident that the teacher had practically had it up to here with the young lady she must have tried different ways to interact with her but it just wasn't working so she had to take it away from her now is it about the phone no I think something must have it must have been building up before it got to that stage where it escalated to the extent that they had to exchange blows it comes back to the point of what is a student's right as a student you have the right to do certain things such as freedom of expression freedom of advocacy freedom of to interact basically respectfully but we don't have the right or freedom to harass anyone in committing a teacher I would say that the teacher yes was wrong the student was also wrong in every aspect no adult would love to be insulted by a child not to the extent that the child actually physically attacked her she slapped her first before the teacher actually decided to you know pounce on her now coming down to what internet is all about is it is internet a blessing or a curse for us children basically it has its advantages and it has disadvantages like Deona stated she said that we needed to look at how it is affecting the children there should be certain times of the day that the children should have access to the internet because we as adults we have challenges even dealing with the internet basically so when we come back to the children how will they be able to handle it if it has its pros and cons like I said earlier I stated also that in terms of it having its pros and cons it is what the children are exposed to and what they are using it for that is what will affect the morale of that child now if it's for the stage of the child it's another thing we're looking at the ages of the child from zero to anyway I don't want to go into all that but the key thing is for us to look at the age of the child and the timeline for the child to have access to the internet is also quite crucial and that will lead me to family time family time is so essential how are we interacting with our children how are we interacting with the teenagers how are we interacting with ourselves as a family because family again and the moment we fail to have that notion that is when we now decide to pass that responsibility to the internet or to technological devices or basically technical devices so we have this rule or this aspect of us not owning up to our responsibilities and giving our responsibilities to our children to handle now do we also observe what they are exposed to when they are on the internet that's another thing because sometimes you might give the child your assignment is supposed to be on ABC123 and the child now digresses to another page do you come back to see what the child is doing do you have access to the child's device that is chatting with there has been instances where a child of about 12 different instances basically of a child about 12 who actually has have been interacting with somebody who is much older or an adult and the man actually wanted to have some sort of sexual relationship with the children undermining the fact that the child or whoever they are are teenagers parents haven't been on top of their game to actually observe what the child is doing online talking who they are talking to online having access to control whatever they are doing online so yes where the parents are negligent the family is negligent yes, morals are affected with the internet's usage thank you so much that's very well said, I agree with you and I like the fact that you actually stated the pros and the cons the truth is really actually we are in a digital age now so you cannot keep a child nowadays away from technology it's impossible at some point we need to use the internet to do some form of homework some form of research and things like that but at the end of the day I keep saying parental control very very important I don't joke with it just yesterday my daughter something happened I think she was having a conversation with some of her friends they have some sort of group and I am on that group and I told her if you would like remove me remove me from the group so I don't think they are even aware now that I see the conversations that they have and the kind of things that they talk about and then this afternoon she forwarded a message to me 7 years old who got lost and then something something something she was killed and when she came back to life they said if you don't forward this message to 10 people your mom is going to die in 365 days I screamed when I saw that and I called out that excuse me where did this come from I said I was wondering I'm like no I think now we need to start talking about digital literacy and how to behave on the internet because this is unacceptable so imagine how many other people that message has been forwarded 2 that's why it's very important for you it's like I remember when we were growing up they were setting channels that we couldn't watch in our house parental lips if my mother does not come and imputes the pain you don't even know the pain you cannot watch that station so I think that's where the responsibility of the adults in the lives of the children comes in now you need to make sure that you are aware of what the children are up to per time check there's also where I'm aware of I think Google or Microsoft there's something you can do where you can time out so if you're giving the child 2 hours after 2 hours you lock the child out the child has to call you to ask for access and if at that time you feel like you know what you shouldn't be on the internet at this time you don't allow the child access whatever it is they want to access and that big problem I have which is even affecting my youngest brother now is socialization and my youngest brother is I think he's 14 or 15 now he can be in his space and not speak to you I kid you not and not have a conversation with you 6 hours straight as long as he has a device with him and the means to take that device away from him he struggles to have a conversation you literally have to push and I told my mum I said it is this phone thing so now they have a problem because this is the phone now from time to time and I caused it that's the reason why we have to have family time that family time is like family circle everybody comes together in my family we could have what was your day like basically at the end of the day what was your day like we talk about this everybody sits at the table or even in the sitting room we talk about different things or the highlights of our day that way we are able to interact we are able to connect as a family we can even sit down and tell a joke or two it's so important it enhances the bond and the family and social skills at the end of the day for the teenagers as well as the parents to be able to relate to other teenagers or other children as well because you cannot build give the child such a device and you expect the child to be an Einstein there's no way it will work you just have to help that child to enhance communication skills very true I'm sure Gloria is itching to say something but I would love us to go on a very short break and when we come back we will open our phone lines and continue our conversation see you shortly if you just tuned in to our Ladies Night Out and were discussing the topic is technology influencing morals and how kids are being raised let's hear what you have to say remember you can join the conversation as an sms on whatsapp to<PHONE_NUMBER>3 you could also tweet to us at weishawafrica one with the hashtag weishaw our phone line is now open as well please call us on<PHONE_NUMBER>9 Gloria let's hear your thoughts on this I mean you've all said it already definitely technology has either positive or negative impact on morals and how kids are being raised but I would like us let's shift the direction of the conversation a little bit for a long time we've been focusing on how do we monitor kids and their usage of technology how do we control and how do we put in those restrictions why don't we move this conversation around a little bit I mean there are kids that all of this has been done they have parents monitoring everything they are doing but still they still go out of their way to lose some certain moral values despite the amount of monitoring and discipline being instilled in them so the question is as adults how far is technology even influencing us I mean we have in this century now where we as adults we find it difficult even handling technology some people are so addicted to technology so so addicted they cannot leave their phones for five minutes you know when they go out on family dinner during the weekends they all stay on your phones so as adults how are you discipline because kids they are watching so if you tell a kid don't do this don't do this don't do this and you yourself you're doing it so definitely they will be forced or somehow they are picking up some of those character those habits I watched a video about a mother apparently during her child's first birthday putting on a full makeup putting on a full makeup gale and so many things like people are screaming and she did a video I'm pretty sure she learns she's been watching makeup videos and she's looking for way to apply this makeup videos and definitely she saw her kid as a good example to use but was this proper no so we as adults we need to now shift the conversation to ourselves what responsibility do we have it goes beyond just monitoring the kids it goes to the point where we also have to use ourselves set ourselves as example keep our time you know there are some people where maybe after working us during family time maybe for adventure they just go through their males and perhaps see a male which is annoying and it changes their whole mood and maybe they get all different in terms of their mood and everything and they are watching so how is technology in fact in affecting our behaviors as adults because this under points where kids are watching us and no matter how much discipline you instill in them if you are not leaving that example you're trying to preach to them it's how is it going to work so let's shift the direction of conversation a little bit to also take some responsibility how are we being disciplined how is technology affecting our morals we are watching videos and we don't even know these videos we watch other things we allow technology we expose that sort of information we are exposed to through technology how is affecting us as adults and how are kids watching us are picking up these habits and character thank you very much I like how you have brought that to our NS as well it's also very important to leave an exemplary lifestyle because the truth is that if as an adult you have children around maybe your nieces, your nephews, your children and every time they see you these children will even tell you but you are always on your phone too at that point what do you say so that's actually very correct thank you so much remember our phone line is now open please call us on 070-25077 phone line we can't wait to hear from you do you want to say something I was going to say that I think for me the most profound thing technology mostly social media the use of social media has stunted our communications we have forgotten what it means to have human relations we can't sit down and hold conversations it's a problem you're doing five minutes conversation and you're like don't talk too much now you want to go back to your phone looking at things you probably have no business looking at and then again when we don't communicate with each other there's a lot of strife there's a lot of regret we don't have that cohesiveness and that's a problem of course family to nation building to everything we can't raise kids properly because if you can't even find the right words to communicate with your children and the only truth is when kids ask about why it is not because we don't know sometimes it is because we lack the words to communicate or we lack the we feel uncomfortable having conversations and you know these kids are way too smart and they are very bold they won't just when we were growing up your parents tell you you won't question these kids will question and they will say why I don't understand what you are trying to say so we need to understand that it is our responsibility like glory said that we must up our communication game that's very very key very key okay we have a caller Friday from Binin hi Friday good evening hello Friday we can hear you good evening okay I think we lost that caller please do call us back and don't forget to turn down the volume of your devices so that it doesn't clash with the feedback from the studio yeah so you will say it's it's quite and it's unfortunately because of the our world right now the truth is you can't avoid these things you cannot avoid these things I always say so from doing assignment even the things that recreational activities encodes now so even the kids when they go out as well the kind of activities that they are involved they are made to participate in yes there are things that would actually encourage them to be on the internet or you know be on their devices and all of that so now my question is how do we where do we begin to draw the line and how do we even start to draw this line how do we control it how can we help the children how can we talk about parental control trying to monitor but there's really so much there's really so much you can do with monitoring but then what else can we do how else can we curb this well I think it goes back to what Isis said that really we must be intentional about even you know getting down to the point of speaking to kids to let them understand the pros and the cons I mean technology for all it's worth is fantastic it has brought about some major advancement in the world but again we've seen how it has become a toxic place you know we've seen how it brings about some form of pressure even on adults not to talk of kids the need to be perfect the need to be a certain way because you think that's the standard you know so again it comes right down to talking you know we just need to sit down and get to the you know to the nitty-gritty and say okay listen I may not be as techy savvy or it's not like I don't want you to do what your friends are doing but you need to also understand the risk that comes with it you need to understand your responsibility being an internet user because we I mean as an internet user you also have a responsibility how to talk, how to behave, the culture everything online you have to understand we need to teach kids how to be cyber safe even as we ourselves as adults you know we take on these lessons and yeah I think that works for me if I may step in you also made the salient point in terms of us being careful as individuals on the internet another point we also need to look at is our role in the society our role as individuals in our home our roles the roles we play because we play different roles we play the role of sister we play the role of father different roles and at the same time we have to play roles of parents okay or teachers in this context is the role we play is the role we are playing is it giving the right vibe to the young one or the child that is close to us is like Glory stated earlier is it giving the right vibe to that child is the child actually learning something that is positive or is learning something negative from us if we have our way if we can do something much better than what we have in the society today we should also look at the environment is the environment conducive enough for us to actually say okay today is going to be family time we are going to sit down and talk about ABC and not thinking about oh and Amonilla is about to bust into the house something or is pounding around or doing something so the environment we also find ourselves also plays a huge role in how we engage the child if we are engaging the child in technology to to be to be invested emotionally or psychologically in technology then we should have the impetus to actually guide the child right in the environment to do what is right to act accordingly and we as examples do the right thing for them okay Glory I will cite an example again for the video above all of this another thing which I believe parents should also look at is how to teach the children about emotional intelligence so I'm suggesting that maybe in the sort of environment that child grew up in it's an environment where she gets everything she wants and she whenever she throws tantrum she can easily get her way so she's used to that technique I've been watching series of videos on emotional intelligence and just how to teach a child to master emotional intelligence how to know when to how to set boundaries how to respect boundaries and how to know when to when someone says no or an elder says no you respect that so if we can also invite that included in everything we're doing for example then we're also teaching our kids emotional intelligence how to respect others how to know when to draw the line to say okay no matter what I do I'm not getting this and that's fine it's okay not to have it I don't need to act up or act out just to have my way so all of those sort of education is also very important in building our moral use in the face of these technological age another perspective we can also look at is another perspective is peer pressure peer pressure plays another role in terms of who these children are actually interacting with children more tech savvy are they more interested in the technological devices instead of having to have a one on one with their peers if they have the peer they have friends that are not interested in things like these then they would definitely definitely rather interact physically with your peers but if they have friends that would want you know oh you're not trendy you don't know what's up you don't know what is going on if you don't decide to you don't know how to use the pf4 oh my gosh you must be from the dark ages something like that and you find the child actually going into it and probably that child who tends to go into it might now get addicted addicted to it the moment the child gets addicted to it then it starts to go down here so peer pressure plays a huge role especially the age again the age is all about the age if it's a teenager peer pressure plays a huge role if it's let's say from zero to five then the parents have a huge role a huge responsibility in terms of how the children are interacting with their technological devices it's very funny because you know that these children are exposed to all sorts of things right so there's this show I think the girl is what maybe eleven they're about twelve and then she has a crush and then she's developing the crush and going ahead to shoot her shot and things like that children watch these things and in their head they're beginning to form ideas in their head which is why I'm still saying it it's very important to watch what it is that they're doing absolutely also there are different platforms now I hear that they play games where someone else can be in whatever country and then you can play games with the person with the person as well or there's even a game you as a parent you just feel okay I've played this game maybe the first or second but by the time the child gets to maybe the seventh level it's totally horrific like cyber bullying it's just see to be in this game as parents you need to even understand what the game is first that's the only way because it keeps evolving every day you need to literally stay one step ahead and yes kids would always find a way because they're curious they go to school, they have friends but again you also have to just do your own part and just hope for the best really okay I think we have a comment okay so this is Austin from Delta my take is that there's a total breakdown of morals in the society even the church most worshippers on the pretext of using the bible for scripture searching are glued to whatsapp and other social network platforms many accidents occurred many users of cell phones moderation is key on that disturbing brawl on that disturbing brawl the teacher shouldn't have engaged her in a fight despite the slap there are many ways to kill a rat for the girl to have the f1 tree to challenge the teacher was enough red flag for the teacher to know that the girl is not only wayward that has no good of bringing go and profile her it's either she is suffering from psychological torture from broken home or the parents are absentee parents thank you very much Austin I mean we really don't know what happened in that video it must have been a build because I don't think the child have just been riled up like that sometimes and this is from experience you have you meet all sorts of children and then there are some children that are just peculiarly stubborn and you know that this one and as a human being you have to be emotional intelligence but at the same time you are human you get to a breaking point where that child must have pushed you and this is not Nigeria in see Nigeria we are very morally what's it called we have moral values you don't want to see what is going on in other countries it's crazy it's crazy and you don't you can only do so much there's anything you can't say to the child so we don't know the true story of what must have happened how long they had been having this kind of issues because I remember the girl kept saying you are holding onto my device you are not holding onto other people's device so there is something that must have happened but despite that I agree that she shouldn't have gotten that far and she shouldn't have done that to the child anyway okay I think we have a caller hello good evening hello good evening good evening fine thank you I don't want to add to all of you in discussing I agree with all the points you have all made but I just would like to add some point that we should not give up parents we shouldn't give up the fight my kids I have a teenager but I refuse to allow them to have a device to themselves because we feel like if our kids are not part of it then they are not cool or they are not clued up but there's an imminent danger in all of these devices than being online and being unsupervised so they don't have to have a cellphone before age 16 or 18 and it's 25 we feel like as parents if we don't allow our kids to have it then we're maybe making things worse but I think we should stand our ground and insist on the kids not having these devices before age 18 I would say I completely agree with you thank you very much Essay we fought this battle I wasn't going to allow my daughter to have a phone because I don't understand it but then you might have a scholar you might have to speak to her at some point so that if there's anything she can easily send you a message and I'm just like okay because left to me maybe until she gets into senior secondary because the truth is if you need to maybe research or something you have there's a computer for you to check whatever you want to check on the internet so I agree with what Essay is saying there should be an age where you say okay the one that beats means you see people driving and then child is at the back child is at the back and child is with that taban that thing annoys my soul and my spirit because I feel you've you've literally made the internet to babysitter at that point you don't know now for babies let me not say babies from infanthood to being a toddler so let me say from 0 to 3 years old for example the more you expose these children to these things the lesser they are able to relate with you and yes from the relations sometimes they won't start behaving like what they are watching and that's why if you go to some schools actually schools that are following proper maybe like the EYFS curriculum or the standard British curriculum they don't have televisions in the rooms they don't allow the children you know watch the screen time they reduce screen time so much that maybe when you go home you allow maybe one hour screen time but in the school premises it's not allowed is it all the way you're playing old man though play it on the what's it called the stereo let the children hear it they would even listen to you better and all of that anyway I think it's been a great conversation it has been tonight I've enjoyed this conversation I hope that all that we've said has been taken note of and parents will begin to do better adults will also begin to take responsibility of their of technology as well so before we go do ensure you follow us on Instagram at WeShow Africa you can interact with us father drop a comment and most importantly follow all our social media engagements I remember to like share comment and invite your friends and family to watch us and follow us if you missed today's quotes here it is again the internet is not a babysitter see you tomorrow at 8 PM as we bring another great conversation to your screen


A water trough is 10 meters long and a cross section has the shape of the soclest trapezoid that is 30 centimeters wide at the bottom, 80 centimeters wide at the top and has a height of 50 centimeters. If the trough is being filled with water at a rate of 0.2 meters cubic meters per minute, how fast is the water level rising when the water is 30 centimeters deep? So what we see here, let's think about what are the derivatives we need to find, okay? So we're giving some information about this derivative. How do I know it's a derivative? It's because, notice, I mean, by the units here, I'm measuring volume per minute, volume per time. We could think of it that way. And so this information, if I just pull that out for a moment, I have this information about the change of volume with respect to time. This is a constant 0.2 cubic meters per minute where I'm measuring distance in meters and I'm measuring time in minutes, excuse me. The other thing, then we can see our words like fast and rising. These are words that describe a rate of change, the rate of change of what of the water level. If we call the water level, for example, just H right here, how deep is the water at any given time, then we are trying to figure out what is the change of height with respect to time at the moment that the height is equal to 30 centimeters for which we see right here. This is the unknown that we're trying to find. So we have a known derivative with respect to volume and we have an unknown derivative with respect to the height right there. And so we have to find a connection that puts the, we have to find a relationship that connects the volume and the height together. And so when we think of this water trough right here, what we're thinking of is kind of like something, it would look kind of like a really long rain gutter or something like that. We see this kind of picture right here. And so we're trying to find the volume, the volume of this thing right here for which then the height would be in connection right there. So yeah, it seems like the volume formula might be the right way to approach this thing. So I wanna mention that in general, if you have some type of prism, it doesn't matter how complicated the face is, if you stretch this face in the third dimension, right? The volume of the prism is just gonna equal the area of a single face times the length of that said prism, right? So area times length, that gives you the volume of a prism. Now that doesn't matter if you have a cylinder, which of course is just a circular prism, rectangular prism, triangular prism, or in this case this water trough is a trapezoidal prism. We need to take the area of the face, our face of course is gonna be this trapezoid right here, times it by the length. Now the length we already know, that's gonna be 10. So we need to times that by the area. And so notice how the length of this water trough, that's that length of the prism, and that's gonna be 10 meters long. So let's try to figure out the cross sectional area a little bit better before going on. One other thing I should mention here is that you'll notice that the volume, the derivative there was being measured in meters cube per minute. We also have the length in 10 meters. We have these other measurements in centimeters right here, right? We have this mismatch of lengths. We need to convert everything to the same length so avoid some potential calculational errors that could creep up later on. The easiest way to do that is to actually convert all of the centimeters into meters. So instead of 80 centimeters, we're gonna get 0.8 meters. Instead of 30 centimeters, we're gonna get 0.3 meters. And instead of 50 centimeters, we're gonna get 0.5 meters like so. You can also see this diagram. I've shown you what a cross section is gonna look like where we have a typical water level at some moment of time right going on right here. If we wanna find the area of this trapezoid, so we need to find the area of just not the whole thing, but we need the area of just the water where the water is gonna be. That would give us then the volume because we're inserting volume over time. Okay, so how do you find the volume of trapezoid? Well, it's significant that it's a sosceles trapezoid. What does that mean? Well, kind of like an sosceles triangle, it means that two of the sides are congruent to each other. And given that as trapezoid, the two not necessarily parallel sides, because trapezoids always have at least one pair of parallel lines there. The two not necessarily parallel sides, those are gonna be congruent. That's what an sosceles trapezoid means in this situation. And that symmetry is gonna be useful for us. So, because notice if you were to snip off this triangle right here, right? You snip it off and you move it over here, then you actually form what turns out to be a rectangle for which the length of the rectangle is equal to the height of this original trapezoid. And then the width is equal to just the shorter side plus this extra dimension A. So let's investigate what that means a little bit here. And I'm gonna write this over here. That's we get 10 times, well again, one dimension of that rectangle is gonna be H, the height, the original height. But then we have to multiply it by this 0.3 plus the A value. That was the other dimension. So how do we figure out the A value? Well, looking at their diagram right here, I'm gonna try to make an argument using similar triangles, where you have this little triangle right here that involves the A on top and the H to the side. So let me copy this over here. So you have H over here and A over here. And then I'm gonna compare that to a triangle which has the same angle measurements, which you're gonna see that triangle over here is exactly gonna do it. You'll notice that both of these triangles are right triangles, so they both have a 90-degree angle. And then this angle right here is identical to itself, so they're gonna be equal. And then the other angles would have to be congruent as the angle sum will add up to 180 degrees. So therefore we have similar triangles and we have this bigger triangle for which this side right here will just be the 0.5 that we see. So we have this side on the top. We'll notice that if you look at the entire top of the trapezoid, you have 0.8 going on right here. And then of that 0.8, 0.3 of them are being taken care of right here. If this is called X, the fact that it's an isosceles trapezoid is significant because by symmetry we get X over here. So we're gonna get that two, basically we get that 2X plus 0.3 is equal to 0.8. If you solve for X, you're gonna get X is equal to 0.25. So we put that in right here. And therefore if we compare these two triangles together, these two triangles are proportional to each other, we're gonna get that A over H coincides with 0.25 over 0.5 which you can actually simplify that fraction that just becomes 1.5. Therefore A is equal to 1.5 H or I'm actually gonna prefer this as 0.5 H and we're gonna plug this in for A right here. Therefore the volume of this trough turns out to be 10H times 0.3 plus 0.5 H. And then just to kind of simplify the arithmetic, I'm gonna distribute this 10 through because multiply by 10 just moves the decimal place by one, right? So we get that the volume equals H times three plus five H. I'm also gonna distribute the H through and so we get three H plus five H squared. We're now ready to take the derivative of both sides and we're gonna take the derivative with respect to time, DDT, like so. So the derivative of volume, that's just gonna be V prime, that's all we need to know about that one. And then on the right hand side by the usual rules of derivatives, the derivative is gonna look like taking the derivative with respect to time here, we're gonna get three H prime plus 10 H H prime. So when you take the derivative of the five H squared, the outer derivative is gonna be five times two H given us the 10 H and then the inner derivative is gonna be the H prime. I'm gonna factor out the H prime because H prime is what we're trying to solve in the situation. If you divide both sides by the three plus 10 H, you then have solved for H prime in that situation. So H prime is equal to V prime over three plus 10 H. All right, so we aren't after any old H prime, we're after a specific H prime. We need to find the derivative of H with respect to time when the height remember was 30 centimeters, but we need the units to be consistent. So we'll actually do 0.3 meters in this situation. So then remember the change of volume was 0.2 cubic meters per minute. So we're gonna get 0.2 on top. You get three plus 10 times the 0.3. And now just try to simplify this thing. You get 0.2 over three plus three. Three plus three of course is a six. So we end up with 0.2 over six. If you wanna move the decimal place there, you're gonna get two over 60, or in other words, one over 30. One over 30 what? Well, this is going to be measuring, of course, meters per minute. Those are our units right here. For which then if we approximate that, that would be more useful in this situation. 1.30 becomes 0.033 meters per minute. But as we were originally measuring the height in centimeters, it might make sense to switch back to centimeters per minute. So times this by 100, you get 3.3 centimeters per minute. And so that tells us how quickly the water is rising inside of our water trough at the moment that the height or the depth, whatever you wanna call it, is currently 30 centimeters.


A polymer is a macromolecule, or a large molecule made of many repeating monomer subunits. We can think of the monomers as beads. Link them up to form a necklace, the polymer. Let's have a look at this potato plant right here. Notice how it is standing upright without any support. This is due to a polymer known as cellulose. To be correct, this is a polysaccharide. A polymer made of many repeating sugar, or specifically glucose subunits. Now layer all these polymers that you have formed. It is an even stronger structure. Now add more and intertwine them. This is the main component of plant cell walls. So now you can see why the stem of your potato plant can stay upright. Let's now look at the potato itself. It is very starchy. Starch is actually a combination of a myelos and a myelopectin. A myelos is also made of glucose monomers and has a helical structure. A myelopectin, on the other hand, is like a myelos, but has branches of glucose chains. Have a look at that tree in the background. The trunk is very very rigid and strong. It can't just be due to the cellulose, or else the stem of the potato plant would be much stronger. The reason why it is rigid is because the cellulose and other fibers are held intact by another natural polymer called lignin. Here's the challenge for you. Where do we get paper from? Pause, think, and resume the lesson when ready. Paper comes from wood, which come from trees. Paper is in fact made from cellulose. It is just layers of cross-linked cellulose fibers. If you tear a piece of paper and look closely, you will see those fibers. When paper is made, lignin must be separated from cellulose in a process called pulping, or else we would not be able to fold or crumple it. Now let's look at ourselves. So what exactly makes us what we are? DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a polymer of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and two or three phosphate groups. Our DNA is the genetic blueprint of what we are. There are only four nucleic acids that form our DNA, yet the possibilities of arranging these monomers are virtually endless. A section of DNA that codes for a protein is known as gene. Our genes determine whether we have brown or blue eyes, blonde or black hair, straight or curly hair, and even the smaller features, such as your dimples and the shape of the hairline. Genes are necessary to make all the enzymes needed to carry out the reactions in our bodies. Genes are polymers made from amino acid monomers. There are endless types of proteins, each with a unique structure and function.  This was made possible by your chest muscles.  Feel the top of your ear. The hard yet flexible part is cartilage, which is also a type of protein. This cartilage is also found in joints. It makes it possible to move our arms and legs. Feel the tip of your nose. It is also made of cartilage. Caritin is a fibrous protein, responsible for maintaining the firmness of our skin. As time progresses, the collagen loses its elasticity, just like an overused elastic band, when this happens, grooves in our skin form, otherwise known as wrinkles. Hair and nails are made of keratin, yet another type of protein. Caritin is not exclusive to humans, but is also found in bird feathers, turtle shells, and cat claws. Moving on to other living organisms, silkworms can produce their own silk protein to spin its cocoon. This is still done on a large scale in some countries. However, some people find this unethical, as the larvae inside the cocoon are killed during this process. The exoskeleton, or shells of crustaceans, such as crabs and lobsters, are formed from chitin. Chitin is a polymer made of repeating and acetylglucosamine monomer subunits, whose structure is derived from glucose. Interestingly enough, chitin is also found in the cell walls of fungi, most notably mushrooms. Cell rubber is also a polymer of isoprene monomer subunits. This is found in latex, which is a white milky substance that is tapped from para rubber trees. This can be used to make latex gloves, erasers, elastic bands, adhesive, and balloons, as well as many other useful everyday materials. The rubber in car tires is a vulcanized rubber, meaning that sulfur has been added to introduce cross-linking between the polymers, which strengthens the structure. To summarize, there are many natural polymers, each with their own specific structure and function.


All right guys, I'm hanging out with Eli Mwenda. Hi Eli. Hey, how's it going? Very good. How are you feeling? I'm amazing. Can't complain. All good. Now of course, you know, we are here because of the new podcast platform in town, Wazel. How do you feel about it? And when you actually got an invite, how do you feel about it? I'm just really excited to see the podcast space expanding and we're making platforms for ourselves. It's a very exciting step. That kind of independence and, you know, empowering people that are starting because I think when I started podcasting, nothing like this was around. So it's exciting to see this for like the new group of people that are starting podcasting. So it's an exciting day. Very exciting. So how is it going for you, especially for Mantok? So far over the years, what are some of the lessons you know? You actually didn't know starting off, but right now you're like, ah, that's a walkover. How long do you have? Because the lessons are endless. I think the hardest thing when it comes to podcasting that we found is the consistency. Like putting out an episode every single week is not easy. So some of the lessons we've done in terms of production is like bulk cooking episodes so that we don't have to go into the studio every week. Managing costs, managing a team. And we call it financial engineering because there's a lot of money that goes into podcasting. So that's basically what we've done. Like try to make a model that can be sustainable for a long period of time. And then maintaining relationships has been another key one. So if you have a guest on, make sure they have a good time so the next person will say yes to coming on. And just navigating like that. Trying to be very smart and intentional with what we're doing. Yeah, but lots of mistakes along the way. So many. You guys have it from one of the best, you know, podcasters in Kenya right now.  Do you feel that? So it's a weird one, right?   But then in real life, I'll bump into guys in a cafe, et cetera. And they'll be like, yo, the episode you did on this made me talk to my friends about this. I spoke to my family about this. I spoke to my girl about this. So I think the men are silent listeners, which is great to see. Which means we found our tribe, but they don't like to like show it online, which is okay. As long as it's getting to them at some point. But if the guys are watching, comment, you know, like engage online to encourage other guys to also get involved in that kind of thing. Yeah. There's always that aspect of, you know, men should act like men.  What do you like to say about that? I feel like the greatest strength a man has is vulnerability and communication. And if you could do both of those things, you'll find yourself in the best spaces, being your authentic self, and meeting people in an authentic way. And when you have authentic relationships, you'll grow financially and also just in life in general. So just start with like your authentic self. Don't try to put all these errors in graces or like, I'm a hard guy. Just be open and you'll never know what could happen. Yeah. Okay. To a more fun side, Eli, what is one thing that you feel people misunderstand, misunderstand you about the most? I think people think I'm very serious. Like I'm not that serious. Like I'm a chilled individual. I like to have fun. Like I'm not just rigid and like proper all the time. I enjoy myself. I think that's a misconception for sure. Yeah. Okay. No, because it's something that me and Oscar, my co-host have said, because he gets the same thing. People like, oh, you must be a very serious guy because of what you talk about. Or just normal dudes trying to figure it out. Yes. Yeah. What is that one thing that has touched your heart the past, you know, let's say one month. Let's say one month. Something that's touched my heart the past one month. Interesting. Ah. In like, in like life, like my relationships or just in general. In like, like generally. Um, wow. Okay. I feel like this is now just a very personal thing for me. I feel like I have managed to experience very authentic relationships. Um, because I think when you go for adversity, you realize like who's there for you. And I've managed to have very nice, uh, sometimes I didn't even expect it, connections with people based on something that was a negative. And from that has become a positive relationship. So that's been something that's touched me is like connecting with people on a very real level, whether that's family or friends in the last few months. Okay. Yeah. Talking about those relationships, what is, um, you know, three traits, if an acquaintance possesses, they cannot be your friend. Okay. Uh, acquaintance. We're saying acquaintance specifically. If they possess, but they cannot get close to you. Okay. Um, I would say dishonesty. Okay. Uh, we don't do that over here. Okay. Um, I would say any ism. So like if it's like sexism, racism, like anything like that, I don't do isms. Um, that's out of the way. And then someone that's like Volga.  Um, Volga actually tools like people and they're serving you that kind of thing. I don't like that. So those three traits for me would be it would remove you from my life. Yeah. Yeah. I think that's just about it because, you know, I like chooses to speak just about that. Guys. All right. Thank you so much for talking to us and enjoy your evening. Thank you so much. See you soon.


Finally Crosby, Ironton on the road taking on Proctor. A great heads-up play from the Rangers. Maya Decent misses the lap but knocks the rebound out to number 20 Carly Nixon and gets the bucket. Then in transition, Nixon takes it all the way. She had 17 points on the night, but Proctor answers back the pass out to number 33 Taylor Bradley. It's good. Proctor comes away with the win 60-42. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.