I started today's video with a bold statement. Prepare to be shocked. And you will be I swear. Yeah, prepared to be shocked. And I don't think it's... I don't think that it's going over the top, I know that I was particularly shocked or surprised at the results that I've found and the test that I've just finished and are about to explain what happened. I've got two drive heads, I've got the epic speed and I've got the Big Bertha B21. dwi fydd prosiect yn gwahanol eich cyfnodol wedi gwneud y 21 yma, yn y 20 o gwneud ac yn fath o ymddechrau Calloway. Rwy'n cael ei ddweud o ddim yn cael y reiswn Rwy'n cael ei sefydlu'r adres. Mae'r adres eich un o'r gyfnodol i'r 21 ac mae'n cyfrifio'n rhoi ei ddweud o'r ffordd. Mae'n cyfrifio'n rhoi ar y teimlo, a'r cyfrifio'n rhoi'n rhoi'n rhoi'n rhoi'n rhoi'n rhoi. Mae'r gwrth gyrdd yn ôl i ddweud. If you watch the channel regularly, you'll see that I tested 3 driver shafts and one of them was 1 inch shorter than normal, or standard if you want to call it that. And it produced incredibly good results. So what I wanted to do is put it back into the epic speed but I also want to put it into the big berth of 21. And see what happens, and that's where the shop came. Right, okay, let's get some context into what we're doing. I'm going to test both driver heads with that shorter shaft, like I said, it's hazardous smoke. It's one in shorter, it's 50g in weight, it's regular in flex and if you did watch the video the other day then you'll know that it performed incredibly well. Almost, well it didn't lose distance, it performed better in terms of distance but dispersion was tighter, the spin number was lower, I was just finding the centre of the club. And for me, since the B21 came out, I was amazed how well that thing performed, it got sent to me for those who just a little bit of a story as to what happened with that driver. When it was sent, it had a regular 45g shaft in it. I was told to swap the shaft out and I didn't do that, took it out on the ferry by mistake, recorded the video. It performed incredibly well, baffled me a little bit, I came in door, did further testing, changed out that shaft to something that I would think would be more suitable. And the numbers dropped off, didn't perform anywhere near as good. I was bewildered with it, but so much so that I kept it in the bag and still to this day the B21 has been the driver that although we've not played much golf on the fairways, that is what I had with me. And like I said, I'm not the best driver in the world so for me confidence is a big, big deal and the one thing I would say, the B21 gave me a lot of confidence in that I was finding a lot of fairways. And then the other day I put this shorter shaft into the epic speed and when you're stood only one inch closer to that driver head with the mast that you've got at the end of E, you feel a greater amount of control. And that ups that confidence level before you've even made a swing. So for me, that's a massive deal in terms of how well you play as a golfer. So what I'm going to do today is the question is this, isn't it? It's a different day, it's a different swing. So I'm going to test numbers again with the epic speed with the one inch shorter shaft in, but I'm also going to put it in to that of the B21. Now, there is a slight difference in terms of loft. There's going to be half a degree difference, nine epic speed, 9.5 in terms of the B21. Don't get too hung up on that.  And again, with most of my reviews, sometimes we get a lot of comments saying you should have done this or we should have done that. Look, if we did, you're getting bored listening to me already. If we tried to cover every possible permutation to put the video together, they'd be going on forever. So simply use these as very subjective in terms of what I collect. Use it simply as a guide in a barometer of perhaps help you with your purchasing decisions.  I'm going to hit a ball, first of all, with the speed. My driver performance has been good. If I could play like this on the fairways, I'd do all right. I'm going to tell you already that the sound difference is if you put me in a blind test, I wouldn't be able to tell a difference. So acoustic wise, although there's slightly different tech in the epic speed, I would say in terms of the face, in terms of the noise that I get back, I couldn't split these two clubs whatsoever. It's a sound I like, I'm impressed with. In terms of the driver head, the difference is between the two. This is your more traditional teardrop shape, a little bit elongated, sits nicer at a dress, but there's a big difference when we move into that B21. And that's what I'll move into. You might as well carry on running. It helps my editing be a little bit easier. A quick question for you. How many of you, when you've been for a custom fit, have been offered the opportunity to try driver with a one inch shorter shaft? The answer to that question is, from my perspective, is not many in the times that I've been asked. I think it's a big, big deal. I know it's something within that sort of Callaway fit cart, and I think it's a great option. I really do. Let's just make sure I get this. I've got to take this down by one degree. But again, it's like custom fit is massive, and there's no way you could have found out. Well, if you don't try it, you're never going to find out the differences. But seriously, being having the option to try that one inch shorter shaft has been a massive eye-opener for me on a personal level. I already, like I said, my confidence has already boosted using this B21 down to its performance. Now, if I can get anything better out of this B21 with a shorter shaft, then I'm an happy man. Huge difference at address. The one thing I don't like about the B21, and again, is because I'm fickle, is that elongated crown. But because it performs that well, it's something I've got to overcome. It's just been, like I said, so good to me in terms of out there on the fairways. I would recommend any average golfer to give it a try. Solid, you know. What a ball that is. What a ball. Again, acoustic-wise, I always say it's difficult to pick up on a microphone, but they're very, very similar in sound. Not a lot to split them at all. And like I said, the main difference being that elongated look at the top. So for me, I'd be swayed towards that speed. But the big surprise and the big shock that I referred to is in the numbers and in the performance. I've already collected data. Let's have a look at it, and let me tell you what the shock is, because I think you'll be impressed with what has been put together on both sets of numbers, to be fair. Right, so some context in terms of what the shock is. And I think what you've got to start off with is ability levels and how good of a driver of a golf ball am I. And that's not the greatest. Very much I would highlight it's being one of the weaker part of my games. So the shock that I referred to is maybe I'm a shock to maybe more than you are. I don't know, but in terms of the data, it's been incredibly consistent. And to performing at levels where like I said, I would struggle to normally do so. Now it could be, it's a particularly good day and I'm swinging a club well, who knows. But I'm going to start off with the driver numbers of the epic speed. What you've got to look at first of all is that ball speed and the consistency of ball speed. This is all about the shock comes not only in the overall performance, but in the consistency levels it's achieved. So look at those ball speeds, 146 through to 151. But the majority in around 149, 148, 149, 149, 151. Incredible in terms of how that performed. And again it goes back to me finding the centre of that club face more often. There's no coincidence we ran this test today and the one last week with the shorter shaft and the consistency levels in terms of ball speeds were incredible. 25 spin, again massive, great number, exactly where you'd want it to be.  Now in the olden days when I used GC2 the numbers were a little bit higher because I don't know why but the data seems to have a little bit of a difference in terms of carry distance. I've tried to drive the ball in theory, GC2 a little bit longer. But if you go back in my numbers for the last two years since I've been recording on Trackman and you'll struggle to find me in it over 247 on many occasions and to do it on three occasions in six balls is incredibly impressive for me. I just want to finish off by saying we've got a, let's have a look, launching at 12.9 what we've got, P-Kite 89, just unreal in terms of performance. Dispersion chart up for you now. I'll let the side down, I'll let one ball leak out to the right which I'm absolutely gutted about because believe me those other five will literally throw a blanket over them in terms of where they went off. I aim at a pile on in the distance and believe me they were all literally straight at it so I'm gutted that one leaked out to the right hand side but amazing in terms of for me.  We're going to go into ball speeds again because this again is so impressive and can only be one thing, 147.7 but look at the consistency. 146, 147, 149, 150. Incredible two five spin, spin number slightly lower on the B-21 which was a bit surprising but also equally impressive as well probably a slightly better number and look at that carry distance averaging 242. I mean it wasn't in theory as long as the speed we haven't got any 247 balls in there we've got one at 245 but the consistency number every ball in that six shot over 240 carry with 25 spin being the average we're going to quickly zoom over launching at 13.1 pk of 89. The reason I'm shocked, well I'm shocked because forget the two groups of B-21, Epic put them all together and that's the best set of driving stats that you will ever see from me if you go back and route through every single driver review I've done I don't think you'll find something where there's been a consistency level of dispersion and then overall performance and overall performance being ball speeds launch, carry distance put all them things in the mix you've got 12 shots there that I was shocked when I was hitting the balls out there because even when we had the camera on when we weren't recording the data I was talking to you I was literally hitting balls straight down the middle so shocked would be an understatement but maybe I'm just shocked at my own performance in this case and it could have been just a very very good day but what I would urge any golfer to do I'm not going to dwell any more on the data but I would urge every golfer to do if you get the opportunity is to try a one inch shorter shaft in your driver because I can't believe the difference it's just made and it will be in my bag in 2021 there is no doubt about that right as ever thank you for watching subscribe, comment below any experiences you've had that are similar to those then please share with your fellow golfers get that conversation going make better, more informed buying decisions and I think you have to hit that like button as well if you don't mind right I'm off, see you soon


What's going on guys welcome to a new video and today I want to show you how to scale your Facebook ads to over $1000 per day. So here we are then in one of my ad manager accounts and I just want to show you guys something just as a bit of proof really and I want to show you what happened yesterday which I found quite interesting. So here's the two campaigns in question then you can see that yesterday was the first time I broke the £1000 mark per day with this campaign performing at £900 this one at £175 making a combined total then of that little bit over the £1000 mark. Now what I want to show you guys actually which I found quite interesting and a reason why you should always do the breakdown by day like this is because it allows you to spot patterns and what I want to show you then in this campaign here you can see that the ad spend for that day was only about 5% increased from the previous day but if you look at the amount of impressions and the reach they actually increased by 25% and the reason being for this then is the CPM. As you can see the more money I spent then my CPM actually decreased and I believe the reason for this then being is the fact that because I was showing willingness to spend more money and my ads were performing well then Facebook was giving me more favourable results. I was coming to that sweet spot essentially within the audience where I was starting to add out bid other people and because my ads were getting good engagement then Facebook was showing my ads to more people essentially. What you've got to remember then is that Facebook is a social media platform and it's also a bid in platform as well so it's going to give the favourable results to the people who can combine those two things into one ad so the people spending the most money and the people getting the highest rate of engagement as well. So what I'm going to show you in this video then is the strategy I use to achieve these kind of results and I've broken it down then step by step easy to follow to hopefully make it as clear as possible so you guys can go out there and scale your campaigns as well. Now before we get into this as always I am giving away a free one to one call with me on this video if you want to enter the draw then all you have to do is like the video and leave a comment down below and if you commented on my previous video then make sure you stay tuned to the end of this one where the winner will be announced and that means to then let's get straight into it. Now before you actually start scaling your ads then there's a few requirements that you must have first. Number one you have to make sure you have enough cash purely to scale to an ad spend of $500 per day if you don't have the money to spend on ads then you're not going to be able to scale to that kind of ad spend and secondly you also need enough cash to fulfill orders as well with dropshipping it's no secret that delivery can take up to three weeks sometimes so in my personal opinion you want to fulfill your orders as soon as possible so you need enough cash to be able to fulfill those daily orders until you start seeing the payouts from Shopify. So it's worth doing some quick maths then before you start to implement this strategy for example if we're going to $1000 per day and we need to work out what our percentage cost of goods sold so if you're selling say for example a $10 product and it costs you $2 then that's a 20% cost of goods therefore if you're achieving $1000 per day every day it's going to cost you $200 to fulfill your orders so make sure it's the cost of the actual product and the shipping included as well. You also need your pixel installed then on your Shopify store because we're going to be creating a lot of custom audiences doing a lot of re-tagging a lot of lookalike audiences as well just as kind of like a basic requirement I recommend everyone have your pixel installed you also need a product that's already performing as well if you're not making money spend in say $50 or $100 per day then you're certainly not going to make money spending $500 per day you also need an original ad copy then the ads that work best on Facebook are original ads ones that people haven't seen before if you're using the same image or the same video as everyone else then you can only expect to achieve the same results as everyone else if you want to excel then you have to do it differently and you have to do it in an original way that's going to spark interest with your audience so there's been many studies around before and video ads work 100% the best they out perform images by an absolute mile and if you can then have two plus creatives if possible so what I do now is I have my product shipped to somebody on Fiverr and they'll create a unique ad with people in there's a team of people that record themselves using the product and just an example of this then BlueCrate do it very well so just head over to their Facebook page you can look at their info and ads and you can see that all of their ads a lot of them have the same people in so it's the same team of people recording themselves using the product and it's just the best way to do it another thing they do as well is they have as you can see the writing over the ads so that anybody scrolling through who doesn't want sound on can still see essentially what the product is what it's doing and the message that the advertiser is trying to get across so two plus creatives if possible we're gonna get more into that later in the video and why you need as many creatives as possible and then lastly you need a store conversion rate ideally a 3% plus this comes back to Facebook now I'm not sure whether it's been proven or not but in my personal opinion Facebook will want to show your ads to a store that is converting the highest because therefore they can class that traffic as a higher quality traffic and then they can charge more for if that makes sense so the higher converting your stories then the more people Facebook are likely to drive to your store or actually show your ad to so when it comes to Facebook ads then essentially this is these are the different types of traffic you have there's a whole scale not going to go into too much detail now but you can have cold traffic warm traffic and hot traffic and the heart of your traffic is so as it says there the further to the left the better your audience will convert so essentially as people become warmer and recognize your brand more then the more likely they have to convert and this is the principle then that strategy is based on and it's also this principle that I base all of my scaling all of my testing strategies on on this one principle so cold traffic then this is typically new impressions people who haven't seen your products or your brand before and these will be the least converting traffic as well the least convert inside at least so typically then this is where people start maybe the position you're in and this is what we're going to be building on and this is essentially how we're going to scale then to to those pretty decent numbers of over a thousand dollars per day so interest taxing then flex taxing works best to begin with I'm going to explain this image in a second which illustrates my point quite nicely but a couple of other things then you should be doing number one you should be creating posts on your Facebook page you need to grab the post ID I've done a video on this and use that same post ID you can actually select it from within the ad creation side as well in your ad manager account just to use that same post and therefore anybody who sees it anybody who engages with it it's going to be building up the likes to come into the shares and the more of those you have then the more comfortable somebody is going to be with that ad and the more likely they are to trust it and therefore buy from it or actually tag someone else or share someone else remember it comes back to the point Facebook is a social media platform the more people engage with your ad then the more favorable results you're going to get and then the last point then is an optional point but definitely favorable is run at least two ad creators per ad set so when you're creating an ad set when you're creating your ad within then try and have two different ad creators because the more creatives you can test then the better chance you have of achieving the optimal results you can achieve really good results but unless you test other ad creatives as well then you don't know if it if you're performing at this peak so you might be able to achieve a five pound cost per purchase which is really good but then if you test five other ad creatives then all of them might perform at three dollars per cost per purchase or four dollars and therefore they'll be outperforming it even though you think you're getting good results you still might be able to get even better so this is essentially how flex tag team works and anybody starting out even from the beginner for the beginner with a fresh new pixel then I 100% recommend using this method so to achieve optimal results then on Facebook your pixel has to be matured it's called pixel maturity and essentially what that means then is the more data that's gone through an ad set the more efficient it will be at picking out the people who are going to be interested in your product so when you first begin then because there's not going to be a lot of data going through essentially it's not going to be very good at doing its job so this is where flex tag team comes in so when it comes to picking interest then you want to pick interests that are relatable to enthusiasts within your niche so for example I could say Tiger Woods as you can see it's this light green circle on the outside I could say Tiger Woods to you and you probably know who he is you might not have even picked up a single golf club in your life but because he's quite famous then you probably know who he is therefore if I was to target Tiger Woods then you might be included in that audience and then and it would be a completely waste of money if you've never picked up a golf club then I could flex that with Phil Mickelson now if you're not big on golf you might not know who he is therefore you're narrowing your audience down to people who have who are more of a golfing enthusiast and therefore more likely to be interested in my product and then I could go even one step further and target someone like bubble Watson now if you've never played golf before never watched it then chances are you won't have a clue who he is whereas if you are an enthusiast and you watch the four majors every year and you play golf yourself then you will definitely know who he is therefore by targeting someone like him you're more likely to find those people who are keen enthusiasts actually play golf themselves and will be interested in your product and just to illustrate this then within my Ad Manager account here as you can see I've got Tiger Woods as an interest-tagged and it's the potential reach of eight million people now that is a huge amount of people there's no way that everybody within that audience plays golf and therefore will be interested in my product but if I just narrow the audience then by one step and we put Phil Mickelson in here Phil Mickelson then as you can see it's reduced my potential reach to 350,000 people so now somebody has to like Tiger Woods and they have to like Phil Mickelson so therefore you're basically just laser focusing down on people who are more likely to be interested then you can narrow it even further and we can put bubble Watson in here bubble Watson and if you look at the potential reach now it's gone even one step further so that would be a great example in our flex tags in and actually lays of focusing down on your audience now you might be thinking 85,000 people is quite small and yes it is it's a nice number to start with but you're soon going to burn through that audience in which case you'll start to you'll need to increase that audience so you can start reaching new people and there's a couple of ways you can do this it's not on top of the video but I know I'm going to get questions on it so just to illustrate an example you could get rid of Phil Mickelson from here and just go Tiger to Bubba or you can actually include Phil Mickelson up here and as you can see the potential reach is now 260,000 so you've gone from 85 to 265,000 so you can still use the same interests but in depending on how you narrow it how you include them then you can soon increase that audience so back to the notes then let's stay on track as much as possible we're now moving into warm traffic then so these people who have seen your ad before they're aware of your brand but for whatever reason they didn't click on your ad it could be because they were busy they didn't have time or they might just not been of in might not have been interested but anyway we still want to base audiences on these because they've shown more interest essentially it's warmer traffic than people who have never seen us before therefore this audience will convert more than others so to start with then we won't look like audiences on the video views as long as you've stuck to stuck to what I've recommended up here of using video ads then you're going to have this option of tag team wise where you can actually choose all of these people and we want to experiment with all of these audiences just to see essentially which ones work the best but just in case you are tight on budget then just start at the highest percentage and work your way down so start at 95 percent because in theory people who have watched your video ad for the longest have the biggest interest in your product and just to illustrate then how you would do this I've got my asset library open here so you can just go in the three dots go to audiences it'll take you to this screen we want to click on create audience custom audience then we want to click on this video here we've got engagement we can choose all the ones here we just saw in the screenshot you could go people who watch 95 percent of your video and then what I recommend is go in the past 60 days because anything after a bit longer than that then people might not really remember your video ad or remember who you are and therefore it'd be like advertising to cold traffic and so as a very maximum then I recommend 60 days so back to notes then there's also one more lla we can target and this is engagement so as you can see in the screenshot these are all the different ones you can target and again just to illustrate it in case you're not quite sure how to get to that screen we go to custom audience then we want to go to Facebook page you can choose the page in which you want to choose the engagements for and then if you could just click this drop down here you can see people who engage with your page anyone who visited with a post or ad and these are essentially the ones that we want to test with as well now just in case you're wondering about budgets and things like that this will be covered later on in the video so don't worry make sure you stay tuned for that so moving on into hot traffic so these are people who are aware of your brand and have visited your store so nobody's going to go to your store then unless they have an interest therefore they're hot traffic and therefore they're going to be the highest converting so number one place to start then is retagging ads so you can retag your custom audiences as soon as you have enough data and the audiences that you want to retag it then are people who have purchased who have purchased your original product but you want to advertise a new product to them as well if they've bought products from you and you've provided a good service as a good product then there's no reason why they won't buy another product with you and then you also want to target everyone else so this is pretty much anyone who hasn't made a purchase we want to advertise them the same product but this time we want to offer an incentive to actually come back and finish the purchase and actually buy something so offering an incentive it could be something like a discount code and we want to use a new creative as well so it can be a carousel ad or image which is absolutely fine but we also want to put in the text copy and acknowledge them and thank them for showing an interest so it could be thank you for visiting our site as a thank you here's 20 off your next order with code 20 off or whatever it could be just make sure you tailor the ad to the audience and thank them and show interest and just general appreciation and people are really going to appreciate that themselves now when it comes to retags and ad you might be worried about spamming people showing them your ad again and again and again but there's an income rule of seven then which is essentially means somebody has to see your brand or your product seven times on average before they actually make a purchase so just keep an eye on that frequency score start at five dollars per day because if you haven't got many people on your audience then obviously start with a hundred dollars per day you're probably going to get a frequency score of like a thousand in one single day so start with five dollars per day and just keep an eye on your frequency score moving on then to the lla's in the hot traffic essentially this is the website traffic so people who have been in your store again i've got a screenshot just illustrate it you can target anybody who's been to your site you can also target people who have been to specific web webpages but what you can do which i find works really well as well is visitors by time spent so people who have spent the longest time on your store typically the ones that are going to convert the highest because if they spent the highest time in your store the chances are they've been clicking around your store checking things out looking at other products but then the on the flip side of that the longer somebody spends on your store the more opportunity there is for them to be distracted so it could be a number of reasons why they didn't actually finish and make a make a purchase it could be that they got a phone call they got a message they were driving their lunch break ended whatever it is so we want to take advantage of this and actually retag at these people and again we want to acknowledge them and make the ad creative unique and specific to those people we can also target the different events as well then so we can target a page view of your content add to cart etc so moving on to budgets and tweaks then probably the bit you've been waiting for in terms of ad set budget then i recommend starting at at least ten dollars per day the reason being for this then a couple of reasons really number one going back to that original point facebook is a bidding platform the more budget we tell facebook we want to use then the better chance we have of outbidding people and plus on youtube and other social media platforms and there is a five dollar per day trend so if we tell facebook we're willing to spend double the amount of all those people using five dollars then again we're going to outbid them and as long as we've got a decent ad with good engagement then we're always going to beat them to always going to get more favorable results so we want to run the ad sets then for a minimum of three days now this depends on how much data you want to collect obviously the more data you have then the more accurate decisions you can make the more informed decisions you can make for example if you compare the data from 1 000 views versus 10 000 views then the 10 000 views is going to give you a better idea of whether people actually have an interest or not because it's 10 times the amount of people you're just going to get better averages hopefully that makes sense anyway any questions at all then please do leave a comment down below i always get back to every single person so once you've run them for three days then we want to kill all non profitable ones and increase the budget of the profitable ones by 20 percent now the reason you want to do 20 percent is because you don't want to go too big too quickly not until we actually get into this section in a second which i'm going to talk about we just want to build things up slowly now you might think that sounds quite slow but if you start on 30 dollars per day scaling by 20 percent in less than a week you'll be spending over 100 dollars per day so things do when you compound interest things by 20 percent it will soon build up so you want to be patient and you don't want to essentially go too quickly don't be in a rush too much moving on then we're going to scale the budgets of these ad sets that are profitable up to a hundred dollars plus per day before we start duplicating them now the reason being for this then is because we want to make sure that we have a winning ad set and we're getting consistent results unless you get consistent results you won't know that you've probably seen it before where you've been spending say 20 dollars per day even 50 dollars per day and one day you could get 20 sales the next day you could get five sales the next day you could get 10 sales the next day you could get five sales again you just won't see consistent results and usually find out about 100 dollars per day then things start to optimize things start to stabilize and essentially start to see a consistent amount of sales coming in so when you do duplicate then only duplicate if you're going to allow your budget because you want to keep up that amount of data that's going through the ad set so you can optimize it very quickly and if you do duplicate then make sure you pause the original ad set otherwise you're just going to have two ad sets competing against each other which effectively will drive up the costs of both of them or one might just completely outperform the other and the cost of the other will just completely skyrocket so duplication works best with a new ad creative and when frequency score is five plus as well so typically i'll never duplicate an ad set unless my frequency score starts to get quite high and if it does i'll duplicate to an new ad creative as well and the reason being for this then is because if you just keep some showing somebody the same ad the second they'll see it they'll recognize it and if they've kind of like assigned a negative a negative feeling to that they or like they're not interested in it the second they see it they might think nope not interested whereas if you've got a new ad creative then they're more likely to actually watch that video again and essentially see what the product is because it's a new ad creative they've never seen it before they're going to be more intrigued to watch something new than something they've seen over five times before so moving down then budget changes then i recommend making them these between 12 p.m and 6 a.m and that's can be in your local time of the country you're showing your ads in as well because i find this is where typically where the least amount of sales will come through so if you make a change during these hours it won't dramatically affect your results where if you change it in the middle of the day then facebook will rush to spend that daily budget in the remaining hours of the day and therefore it could skew your results so a couple of things then just around the video off if your style start to chop off then what you want to do is start creating new creatives because to me that's a sign that you've started to exhaust an audience they've seen your ad before therefore they're no longer engaging with it they're no longer watching it and this will drive up your cpm because facebook will see it as people not interested and therefore you won't see as good a results whereas if you have new creative it's a new video that people are going to watch it's a new video people are going to engage with and therefore you'll be able to keep going and still get those that good rate of engagement and therefore those cheaper and lower cpm's remember facebook is a social media platform and engagement is king with your audience and as i just mentioned then um it will lead to an increased reach a lower cpm which is always a good thing um and i think i've mentioned this as well to an exhausted audience to keep testing new interests to reach a fresh audience and just essentially just bring fresh people into your pixel and into your custom audiences and then finally then when you reach these 1k days and you want to build on that here's a couple of points just to consider i'm using manual bid in if you obviously if you want a video just on this topic make sure you let me know down below in the comment section so what i do then is i pause and duplicate the profit ad sets that are currently using the also bid and i duplicate them then to a manual bid and increase the daily budget quite significantly so usually two exit three exit sometimes even five exit and i usually set like a target cost of about two slash three times what my current cost per purchase is because what this is going to do then is it's just basically going to tell facebook i've got all this money to spend every single day i've got a high cost per purchase to achieve and if you're already getting the good results and you know it's a trial and tested product so you only recommend doing this once you have those trial and tested products and ad sets then it basically tells facebook i'm willing to spend a lot of money i'm willing to spend a lot per per purchase per action so essentially it's going to give you the favorable results as long as you've got a good ad of course that people are engaging with and as it says there to finally finish off the video you only do this when you have a successful ad because you need to know a realistic target cost per purchase and that basically guys that wraps up the video if you're still watching i'm hopefully you've learned something new hopefully you enjoyed the video if you did then all i ask is that you leave a like and if you want to be entered into the raffle then of course make sure you leave a comment down below as well and that being said then let's get into announcing the winner of the previous video here we are then guys on my previous video if you haven't watched it yet make sure you go back and check it out i'm probably one of the best videos i've ever put out it's at 1400 views over 100 likes which is just absolutely crazy so thank you very much to everybody who has seen it and is supporting the channel so i'm just going to take the url then at the top as you can see head over to the random comment picker so all these competitions are 100 random i don't pick the winners myself unfortunately um and all you've got to do to enter then is leave a comment down below so the winners time then is charlie ainsworth amazing info and advice this helps a lot thanks jack so cheers charlie thanks very much make sure you reach out on instagram and we can get that call arranged and for everybody then who doesn't want to keep commenting on every video and just wants to get down to business and book a call straight away then there is a link down below in the video description and that being said then guys i'm going to wrap the video up thanks for watching and i'll see you in the next one


Nashnyap, for cardio, would the Stairmaster be better than treadmill? Yeah, as far as I know, yes, because what I understand about the treadmill, when you're running a treadmill, the treadmill, when you put your foot down, you're running on a tread, and it gives you mini-vibrations, not even this, but mini-vibrations, and your body doesn't really like that over extended period of time.  You don't want mini-vibrations. You don't want that, right? The other reason I believe the Stairmaster is better is because there's no impact, right? When you're running, there's impact. So you're working the ankles and the knee, they're getting that with the Stairmaster, you're not, right? That's my understanding of it. The bike is good.


Okay, we are ready for our 11 a.m. session here at Big Talk from Small Libraries. I am Krista Burns here at the Nebraska Library Commission. We run this online conference with our co-sponsors, the Association for Rural and Small Libraries. And next up, we have Karen Milliken, who is from the Tipton County Public Library in Indiana. Dig into your history. This is a great session that I read about this online somewhere, I think it's a very interesting program we got going there for a genealogy type program. So I'll just hand over to you, Karen, to explain a little bit more about yourself and what you got going there at your library. Okay, my name is Karen Milliken, and I have to apologize. I have a little bit of an echo because I'm in our meeting room. That's about the little place I can do this in. I said it probably, actually it sounds pretty good. I can tell there's a little bit of echo, but you're very clear, so it's not a big problem, yeah. I am the, first of all, we are a small library, our population is just 18,000. We're a county-wide library here in Indiana, very rural. I am the branch manager of our small windfall branch, and also I do collection management. But I started my career here at Tipton as the Children's Department, Youth Services Department head. So this was a program that I put together when I was the Youth Services Department head, and I did this in connection with our summer reading program, which I'll explain a little bit more to you. And so, let me talk a little bit about how I got into this. I got interested in my own family's history when I was in high school, and we did a school project and we were supposed to look at our family history, and I had a great aunt who was very much a genealogist, and she told me some stories, one of which was that we are descended from pirates. My maiden name is Callis, and this, John Callis was, I don't know how many great-great-greats back, but he was an English pirate, and then in the 1650s there was a pirate by the name of Captain Robert Callis that sailed out of Barbados, and he became a privateer and was awarded land then in Virginia, which was my first ancestor here in the United States, in America. So I thought that was kind of a neat history, so I started looking into my family history some more, and I discovered this is my great-great-grandfather. His name was John Vinton Callis, and he was murdered, and the murder was never solved. And this happened in 1899, and as someone who is an avid mystery reader, that was very intriguing to me. It also started an interest of mine in trying to write a novel about this, but that has never come to fruition, but anyway. So then, that was just my father's father's side of the family, so I was kind of like what's going on on other sides of my family, and I became interested in my family's past and found out a lot of things, which I think anybody who goes down this road, you always find something interesting. So then, as I got older, I was thinking about how, being a good librarian, then I am, how do I take this interest and extend it to a program at the library? How can I use this, especially with children, being the children's librarian, and create something at the library? So in 2013, the summer reading program was Dig into Reading, and light bulb, I decided, hey, we're going to dig into your history. So I named my program Dig into Your History, and started writing up how I wanted the program to go, and my goals. My first goal for this program was to help children get a sense of who they are through finding out where they come from. Some of the questions you can ask, you find out, who am I? Where did I come from? Am I English, German, French? From wherever. Native American. And then, luckily now, thanks to some of the databases, what do my ancestors look like? How can I find out? How can I find these things out? So as I started to put this program together and think about it, we're lucky enough to have a county foundation, and they offer grants. So I started to work on, again, the parameters in keeping in mind that I was going to be applying for a grant, probably more than one, to accomplish this. So one of the things that they ask is who are you targeting? How are you going to get them interested? So the next thing is how to get the kids interested. And at the time, the program, who do you think you are? And it has continued on, I know, but a lot of people are talking about that. So I sent some flyers through the schools to see about getting interested in it, are you related to someone famous? Or one of the most infamous people from Indiana, are you related to someone infamous, is John Dillinger, who actually came through this area quite a bit, going from Chicago escaping from the police. There are a lot of stories about him around here, stopping and hanging out at various hotels and things like that. So kind of got a feel of who would be interested in the program and how much interest I'd have. And then I looked at my community partners. We are, again, very rural, so we have a very strong 4-H community in Tipton County. And they have a genealogy program that I could align my program to and, again, get more kids interested and get more participation by working hand in hand with them. Because going through the course of our program, they could then complete their 4-H project, which I thought was really nice. Also, the other picture here is the Tipton County Foundation. I knew I was going to apply for grants and through that foundation. The one thing that I ended up doing was there is a woman's fund in the foundation, and they actually had a grant that was awarded at the same time that I needed the money for my program. And so I ended up making this a program for girls 10 to 15 for this specific program for the dig into your history, mainly because of timing. I did have boys who had initially were interested, but it was a woman's grant, so I had to narrow that down a little bit. Then we got started, and we had 25 girls who started out in the program, and we purchased scrapbooks for the girls and things like that. The first thing we did was we started off with questionnaires like these. These are personal history questionnaires, life history questionnaires. There are a lot of these online. We questioned the girls to start off with.  Do you know where your grandma and grandpa were born? Do you know how your grandma and grandpa met? What their lives were like when they were young? Because, again, our town is small, our population is small, a lot of the kids were born here in Tipton, from parents who were born here in Tipton, and even grandparents who were born here in Tipton. The background stories were what I was also trying to get them to find out, because I think that's also a very interesting and important thing. I've always felt that if you don't ask those questions about your family, how your life was when you were younger, how did you guys meet, what's going on, then when those people are gone you lose those stories, which kind of make up who you are. That's the journey that culminates in you. We wanted the girls to ask some of those other things. Then, like I said, we supplied each of the girls, like in this picture there's a scrapbook, so we kind of made this a fun thing, not just all about the research and things. We had them take, as you can see, the pictures here that they found, or their families were given by their families, and the research information that they found. We purchased embellishments and gel pens and special craft scissors, so that this could also be a scrapbooking type of project for the girls, so they could create something with the information that they found that they could hang on to and keep. Then later on showed to, hopefully, their children and other people and their families. When we finally started the program, we also gave each of the girls this flyer, which is tools to dig into your history, kind of giving them some places to look. We wanted the girls to do a lot of this on their own to learn how to do this, because, again, we were trying to get them interested in keeping this as a lifelong project or interest. We keep, actually, in our genealogy room, we keep family files on families in Tipton. Again, quite a few of them go way back, which have newspaper articles and things like that in there. We have family books that have been donated to us from families in Tipton County from the beginning. We also have cemetery records, yearbooks. We have a very nice set of yearbooks that every year we get from the schools, and I think that was probably the girls' favorite thing to do was to go into those yearbooks and look at the pictures of their moms and dads and grandma and grandpa when they were in high school and talk about how they were dressed and how the hair was. If you can imagine, these are young girls looking at the 50s and 60s hairdos and things. It was quite interesting. Then we also used, of course, Ancestry.com and FamilySearch, which were you able to go into those members who maybe worked from Tipton County and further back than some of these.  I participated with the girls and created a scrapbook myself. One of the things that I found was my parents' marriage record on Ancestry.com. I printed that out and put that in my scrapbook. I'm going to then share that with my children, my daughters, and talk to my parents because I had never known. I talked to my parents about how they met and what their first date was like, which was very foreign to me. I had never known that, so it was kind of foreign to me. I typed that up and put it in the scrapbook. I did this along with the girls, gathering the same kind of information, going through the same process. This was a big help for them to look at some of these things. We used our computer lab. We would reserve computers for the girls in our computer labs because we only have one computer in our genealogy room that you can actually do searches on as far as, like, Ancestry.com and those things. We reserved the computer lab, which the girls liked because we have, this is the adult computer lab, so they were able to go in there and sit in and do this. Then we helped research other things. Some of the things, as they talked to their families and they found out about where they were from or where they went to college, we encouraged them to look those places up and to get pictures that they could find on the internet for those types of things.  This is also finding out about history, I guess I should say. Now, this is a picture of, this is our genealogy room and this is some instruction the girls are getting on how to use or find a grave. There are quite a few cemeteries here in Tipton County and we did go on some field trips. I'll talk about that in just a minute. But we also, again, have the back wall there that's actually Tipton County family histories. We have some from other states and then even a few from other countries and the girls could use as well as we encourage them to look up. We have several histories written about our county and we encourage the girls to use those to read about how things were generations ago and how the county was formed and to get kind of an understanding about why maybe their families came to Tipton County and lived in, you know, to live in Tipton County and things like that. So we, like I said, we took some field trips and one of the field trips we took was down to Indianapolis, which is a capital city in case you don't know of Indiana. And we went down to the Indiana Historical Society and in 2013, Indiana had a very large flood and Tipton County was flooded out. I'm sure, I don't know, but maybe your town has experienced this, but people were literally in the streets in boats and some of the girls were affected by this. And so, you know, by being moved out of their homes and we actually had to use the library, the meeting room was used as a kind of emergency management spot and people had to stay here and things. So when we went down to the Indiana Historical Society, they have what I call living exhibits and it's called You Are There. And they have actors in the exhibits who are trained to end, you know, about the period they're talking about and it just so happened that in 1913 there was a very large flood and this was called City Under Water and this was like a way station where you would go in if you were flooded out in 1913 and were given rations and blankets and help and could post about, you know, if you were looking for lost family member or whatever. And so the girls, you know, having experienced this in 2013 were able then to see what happened 100 years ago and what they had to do in 1913 without cell phones and Internet and things like that in grocery store, you know, just what the flood was like 100 years ago and it was very interesting because the girls then kind of were like, you know, we were able to just go to, you know, the grocery store and pick up some food and go stay at the hotel and, you know, and things like that whereas they were, you know, shown pictures of, you know, how bad it was and houses destroyed and things like that. So anyway, they also have had, at the time we were at the Historical Society, we were also able to go through a living exhibit of the Eli Lilly and the polio vaccine and them getting that out and things like that. So that was a very interesting thing for the girls to experience and talk to people as if they were there. And again, I think this, the Sydney underwater was extremely educational for them. We then traveled to Crown Health Cemetery to visit some famous graves. John Dillinger, James Wood Camarilly, this is James Wood Camarilly's grave and Benjamin Harrison. And Crown Health Cemetery I think is one of the biggest cemeteries in the nation. And we just did our own little tour of it, but it was to show the girls some of the, again, some of the famous people from Indiana who are buried there. And just to show them, you know, we took them to cemeteries in Tipton County, but this was to just, since we were in Indianapolis, to just kind of see something a little different. This is also, James Wood Camarilly's tomb is also the highest point in Indianapolis, so you can go up there, you drive up and you can go up there and you can see the whole city, which was fun for the girls. But we did, part of what we did, and this is James Wood Camarilly, the girls really enjoyed this little statue of the girl reading. But part of what we did when we visited cemeteries, when they found their, you know, relatives, we would do grave rubbings for their scrapbooks and they could then, you know, notate where the grave was and what cemetery. Because I think sometimes that information is lost, too. I know when we have people come into the library looking for someone's grave, sometimes you just can't find it, even though they've been told, you know, they were buried in such a, such a cemetery. So we also had the girls list, you know, where the, some of the graves were. I know that may sound morbid, but anyway, and we, one of the other things in Crown Hill was there is a tribute to some, some children who are buried in the cemetery that the girls wanted to see. So we did that with them. Interesting thing about Crown Hill is that it is, this is a statue of a little girl that was commissioned by her mother and was made from a photograph that is supposed to be looking exactly like the little girl. But this is supposed to, this statue, this grave is supposed to be haunted. The little girl has been seen weeping. So that was kind of one of another fun thing we did with the girls was we were in, we were in daylight so they didn't really get scared or anything, but we did do some haunted tour stuff because Crown Hill Cemetery is supposed to be extremely haunted. And that just was an extra fun thing for the girls to see some of those, those things. And then after we had gathered all the information and had, were finished and summer reading was over, we had a high T for the girls.  The most interesting thing that they did and interesting information that they found out about their families. One little girl, I know, we went back several generations and it was, to me it was just amazing because we were able to find pictures of her great-grandmother and back and looking back at the different hairstyles. So she kind of did in her scrapbook, she did like hairstyles of the women or something of the ages. And she thought that was really interesting. I can't remember if anything, but so then they were able to talk to their, their mothers and let them know what they found out and show them their scrapbooks and the information that they found. And so that was in 2013. Now this year is Indiana's bicentennial, so we are going to revamp this program, open it up to boys and go ahead and do a larger program this year. Because it being the bicentennial, we are not going to be doing the national summer reading program, we're going to follow the bicentennial and it kind of just goes along with our theme of, you know, celebrating Indiana's history and then opening up to kids, boys and girls this year. I'm glad you mentioned that because someone actually had asked earlier if you ever thought of doing this for the boys as well. Yes, yes. And we had thought about that. Unfortunately, like I said, you know, and I don't want to be sexist, but the only reason we didn't have boys the first time was the type of brand we got. That's what I was wondering about is why it was specific to the girls, yeah. Yeah, the grant, the grant was through the women's fund and it was awarded, that grant was awarded in May and other grants from the foundation weren't awarded till July and by then our reading program would have been halfway over. So the summer reading, yeah, that's a little late for that. So that was a little late. So we went this direction for the first program and it actually paid out. I think it was beneficial because we didn't have as large a group as I think we will this year. So our first try at this, we had a smaller group and we're able to iron out some of the kinks, so to speak. And this year too because of the popularity of the program and the success that we're going to go ahead and fund it ourselves. So we can tweak and add and do things like that. How many girls did you have in the first run then? We had 25 girls but like so many things that happened because this was a summer long so it ran for three months. So we started out with 25, by the end of it we had 10 that came on a regular basis. Because I don't know how everybody else is but for us we always end up competing with vacations and sports. Summer is hard, yes, yes. But the 10 that came, I always feel like if I touch just one, if I influence one that's good. So the 10 that came on a regular basis, I think they really got something out of it. Oh, definitely, yes. And if nothing else, that's a pretty good spread, right? The food. They had a nice party at the end. When we do it this year we will probably expand it a little bit too as far as field trips, if at all possible, to visit some other places that we didn't get to when we went down to Indianapolis. I'd like to take Indiana, the Indiana State Library of course has a very large genealogy resource and as well as the historical society. But there are a couple other places I'd like to take them, especially this being the bicentennial kind of situation. But again, I think for me I met my personal goal which was to kind of instill an interest in finding out about your past with the girls and finding out those stories that you just need to hang on to and somehow write down before that person is no longer there to tell you that story. So, you know, I feel like it was a success. Anyway, but that's what I did. I think if you want to embark on a program like this, your first step, which I did, which is really take a look and find out what your resources are that you can use to help the kids. We're lucky. We have a very nice genealogy room. The community has really donated a lot. And then going through 4-H and going through our foundation, I was able to get a lot of community support. Oh, I thought somebody said something. Sorry. I was able to get a lot of community support. We had some really nice write-ups in the newspaper and things like that. So, again, it was enough of a success that we're going to do it again and expand it. Does anybody have any questions? Were there any questions? Yes, we do have some that have come in. Let's see here. Actually, going back to, you had a list of questions. There's two sheets, I think they're on the screen of a whole bunch of questions you had to go. Just some requests. Is that something that we can get a copy of to use for their own presentation, for their own programs to do this, or are they available somewhere? Nobody could dizzy. Let's go back. Let me go. Sorry. They're just small on the screen. You can actually... Yeah, those. Yes, I will say this though. Most of the ones that I found, I got off of Pinterest. That is also a good resource. And then we kind of just personalized, not personalized, but created our own using various ones that we found. And then I also included some of the questions that were from the 4-H genealogy handbook that they, one of the kids to ask so that those were included so they could use them for their project. But yes, I can absolutely, and I don't know if on this, can I do that through the big talk? Sure, yeah. If you want to email me if they're like just Word documents or whatever PDFs they are, I can include them when I put up the recording for your particular session. Okay, I can do that. Yeah, you send them to me. They can go up when also your slides and everything. We can have these pulled out separately so everybody can have access to that. Okay. Not a problem. Perfect. All right. Great. Let's see. Questions we have here. A couple of people want to know about the field trips. How did you do permission slips for that to get the permission for the kids to go on those? We, right at the beginning when we again sat down and talked to the girls and talked about things, we got parent permission slips signed for photographs and for field trips because we knew we were going to be taking pictures of as we progressed and what we were doing. And we then, we have a library van and then we used IDROV as my van in order to get everybody down there. But we did get parent permission slips right off the bat. We informed them that we were going to be going to outside of the library to the cemeteries and then down to Indianapolis. All right. And we did leave information with staff member here. We gave parents the staff member here's name to call into the library who then could get in touch with us if need be. I think every girl had a cell phone with her. Most likely, yes. But you still needed the permission. What ages were the girls, someone said they stepped away. Can you say again what age range the girls were that participated in the program? 10 to 15, but I think most of them were in the 11-12 range. Yeah, that seemed to be, we didn't have any younger girls, so that wasn't a problem. And I don't think anybody was 15, but that's who we had set the parameters for. Who was open and available to? Yeah. Right. For the meetings that you had in those three months, how often did you meet and how long were the, as opposed to the field trips were different, but the regular meetings, how long did you meet? We met twice a week for an hour and a half. That way, and the reason we did that again is because it's summer, so we set that up. It was Tuesday, Thursday, so if you missed Tuesday, you had Thursday to come in, and mainly the sessions were to go over with them, what they had found, helping them type up. They'd go and ask the questions, they'd write down the answers, or their grandparent would write down the answer, and then to make it nice for the scrapbook, we helped them type it up and do the embellishments. So it wasn't like if you missed Tuesday, you were behind. But we did have it twice a week so that there was some flexibility there, knowing full well that we were up against a lot of things. Of course. Right. Summer's busy, yeah. Summer's busy, and everybody goes on a vacation. So for each week or session, did you have a theme or a specific activity to be doing, or was it more unstructured research time, or ahead of time, did they know what they might be doing? Right. We did a couple, what I would call more structured, and we gave them at least a week's notice in advance of when we were going to be going out to the cemetery or whatever. The big field trip was a little bit more notice, but there was one session where we did specifically pull out the yearbooks to help them find their parents, grandparents in the index, teaching them how to use the index in the back of a book to look up somebody's name, and there's the pages that they're on, and they're going to be in pictures and these, you know. And another time we did spend in the computer lab with specifically showing them how you go about using, like, Ancestry.com. And sometimes, you know, I don't know how familiar you are with that, but sometimes your name, like, my maiden name, as you saw on that slide, it used to be C-A-L-L-E-S. Then it was changed to C-A-L-L-I-S somewhere along the line. So you have to sometimes, you know, figure, especially when you have immigrants coming, that sometimes the spelling gets changed. Makes it much harder to track down. It's harder. And so we did kind of, you know, they're young, but we were, you know, trying to give them some of that information and help them do that information. So we would have specific, you know, specific times that, well, this week we're going to get on the computers again and see what we can find. So we did do that. All right. So going back to specifically talking about the grant, what specifically was the grant money used for? Okay. We got $1,000 and it was used to mainly, hello? Yep, we're here. Oh, okay.  Oh, sorry. Anyway, it was, the grant money was used to buy the supplies, the scrapbooks, and like I said, we bought, you know, some of those things. And then to pay for the gas to go down and we bought the girls' lunch down in Indianapolis. And let me tell you, because that's not my thing right here. The genealogy supplies the field trip and then the tea. And, you know, so that wasn't too bad. Those scrapbooks are probably what was the most expensive part of it. All the supplies for that, yeah. Yeah, but again, because, you know, we bought scrapbooks and paper and stickers and, you know, but that I think too was fun for the kids. You want this to, you know, interesting but also fun. And they had a blast decorating them. Oh, yeah. So, you know, that was important. Were any of the field trips and overnights or was it just day trips? Well, just day trips. All of them were with the distance of day trips. Yeah, just day trips. We're about 45 minutes from downtown Indianapolis, maybe an hour, depending. And so, you know, we're able to get down there and get back within the day. Nice. Yeah, yeah. And the girls, again, I think after we went to the Crown Hill Cemetery, one of the girls actually went back with her family to do a more extensive tour of it. Because it is, I mean, not that cemeteries are nice, but it's really a nice cemetery. And so, you know, she was able, you know, then to take her family down to Indianapolis to Crown Hill Cemetery. And they did a tour of the cemetery. And, you know, so at least I know I interested her in something. Right. Yeah, nice. So that was nice to show them that. And I don't know if anybody in Letterboxes, I don't know if you know what that is, but there are a ton of Letterboxes at cemeteries. And Crown Hill has a ton of Letterboxes. So, you know, that could be a whole nother program right there. Right. To get the girls interested. That kind of relates to one of the questions we had. You said she took her family to the cemetery again. Did they do how much work on their own at home on these? Well, quite a bit because they had to do the questionnaires. True. And they took their books home with them. They had to ask other relatives to get more information about their family and everything, of course. And they took the, they took their scrapbooks home with them after every meeting and, you know, to work on at home if they wanted to, you know.  You know, because it would, some of the girls, it would require telephone calls and things like that. So, and we told, we did that.  You know what I mean? So. Okay, that's good that you mentioned that because that was one of the questions. The next question I was asked is someone wanted to know how would you handle this with girls from non-traditional families, single-parent, raised by their grandparents instead? Yeah. So you did have some people in that, some of the kids were in that situation? Yes, we did. Yes.  And actually one of the girls that came who was a special, she was, she was, no, she is special needs. And her home life was not really good. Her home life is not good. She had asked me if she could talk, if she could ask these questions of a woman who is her friend and has helped her. And of course, the answer is yes.  You have to, you want them to enjoy this and to learn. And if that woman was the person that she felt closest to and felt like had the most influence in her life, then by all means, that's her family.   And not make a big deal out of, you know, to not make a big deal out of any one thing about family.  Right. So, you know, you have to just kind of be careful how you say and what you say and help them figure out how they can get some of this information. You know, one little girl, her grandfather, was a sheriff in town and he had died. And so, you know, it was interesting for her to go back and see. And that had happened before she was born. So she went back and was able to find information on him in our newspaper files that people had written like an editorial or something like that about when he had died.  So, yeah, we had to work through some of that. Right. Of course. I think we're getting close to the end of the time. But I just have two other comment and question that came out from people, which is interesting because they're related, but from totally different sides. Someone says this is an appealing program because in their library, their genealogy society is all from the much older end of the continuum rather than from the younger side. Right. And I think that is sometimes common. But then someone else asked, is do you feel that this could be a successful program for adults? Actually, yes. Again, I have a huge interest that started when I was young in learning about my family. So, I think that, you know, it's appealing to kids because, you know, these girls were like cracking up when they saw the pictures of their parents. I mean, who doesn't think that's funny, right? So it appeals to the kids on one end of the spectrum.  And she, you know, I mean, just strange things, right? But yeah, I think it would appeal to adults because you're on the other spectrum coming from the maturity of, you know, maybe, you know, finding out, again, some of those interesting stories. That's the thing. I hate to keep going back to that, but I don't know if anybody's familiar with StoryCorps, but I just think that that's an amazing thing. Getting those stories down that will disappear. And so, you know, as an adult, getting adults interested in these programs, it may not be getting the stories from, you know, hopefully from their parents and whoever they can, but maybe also writing their stories down for their children and grandchildren and finding out some of this information that then they can, again, pass down, you know, and have done the research for younger generations. I don't know. I think it, I think it could be. I enjoyed the scrapbooking, by the way. Yes, the crafty stuff, and yeah, if you're into crafting, that's definitely an attack and something to be attractive. Cool. All right. That actually is, like I said, we're getting close to the end. They're a little over a bit, but that's okay. Grab as many of the questions as we could. Thank you very, very much, Karen. That was very interesting. This is one of the topics I was really interested in hearing about and seeing how you'd done this great program with the genealogy of girls. Okay. Yeah, very interesting. Sure. And you have my email. If anybody has any questions, they can email me or call me, and hopefully I'll be able to help you out, and I'll get you the PDF for my questions. Yes, yeah, definitely. Send those along when you send in the slides, and we'll put them up all together on the recordings afterwards, so everybody will have access to those and be able to read them. All right. Thank you for the opportunity. Great. Thank you very much, Karen.


Plants are extremely complex and diverse, they have thousands of species, in fact they are probably somewhere around half a million different species, and these are just the ones we know about. They are no doubt many more that haven't been fully discovered yet. It is estimated that 1 in 5, so 20% of plant species are threatened with extinction. In order to continue studying these plant species, we need to organise them in different groups. This is known as plant classification. Plants all have some common parts that maintain their survival, but beyond that they can look very very different. These differences help botanists classify and organise plants. Plants within a group are more closely related to other members of their own group than there are two members of another group. Just like we as humans are more closely related to the great apes than we are to other mammals. So how are plants classified? The plant kingdom can be split into plants with seeds and plants without seeds. Not every plant grows from a seed, like ferns and mussels for example. They grow from spores instead. Other plants use asexual reproduction and grow new plants from rhizomes or tubers. The evolution of a seed was a huge evolutionary step for plants. It meant they could grow anywhere on earth in any environment, they would no longer be limited to extremely moist conditions. Seed plants can be split into flowering plants and non-flowering plants. These have scientific names of gemnosperms and angiosperms. As in the name, non-flowering plants do not produce flowers. They are also reproduced by means of exposed seed or ovule. Gemnosperm means naked seed. Like with conifers, a cone on a pine tree is a naked seed and they do not produce flowers. Angiosperms are usually tall evergreen trees, often with needle-shaped leaves. They are usually found in dry places. Now for angiosperms, the largest and the most diverse group in the plant kingdom, angiosperms consist of two major groups, monocotyledons and dicotyledons. These groups differ with respectively roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. Some observable differences are that monocots have parallel veins and petals in groups of three, whereas dicots have net black veins and petals in groups of four or five. There are other differences as well, but we don't need to worry too much about these at this stage. Grass and maize are examples of monocots, whereas trees, sunflowers and roses are examples of dicots. So there we have some of the ways plants are classified. You need to remember that non-flowering plants are called gemnosperms and have naked seeds. And then flowering plants are called angiosperms, which can be separated into monocots and dicots. If you liked the video, give it a thumbs up and don't forget to subscribe, comment below if you have any questions. Why not check out our Fusco app as well? Until next time.


Hello, and welcome to the JavaScript SEO Office Hours. Today, December 9th, 2020, like I don't know, today has been the longest month of the year, or the longest year of the month, I'm not sure. Great to have you all here. We will go through some of the submitted questions from YouTube, and then I'll hand over the word to the audience. If you have been to one of these Office Hours beforehand, or if you're watching the recording and wonder what this is and how you can participate every two weeks, we or I am posting a thread on the community tab of our YouTube channel, where you can submit questions. And I also then, if you click on the sort, in the comments, you click on the sort by newest first, and then you see me also posting the Hangout link to these Hangouts if you want to join the live recordings. We have a few questions today. One comes from Rafael, who asks, facing a big problem with PageSpeed Insights and Google AdSense. Pages with AdSense are a battle in the metric, so yellow or red. The pages without are green and yellow. So is there any way to delay the AdSense JavaScript in the plugin called WP Rocket? I don't know if there is a specific option for this. I know that this is hiding the issue from PageSpeed metrics. However, I think if you have a way to insert a delay, that also makes it a little better for the user because the website becomes interactive and visible and the content is there. And then you load, hopefully, then you load the AdSense code that should be a better user experience. And if it works, that's great. But for AdSense, I would ask the AdSense folks because I'm not that familiar with the AdSense code base or the way that their stuff works. So that's that from my side. And I have no suggestions to work around this issue. I would bring it up with the AdSense support because I think it's important that also our AdSense product is mixed good on the promise of good user experience. So that's that. But I'm not in the AdSense team. I can't really speak for them. Ricardo is asking about the intersection observer. He says, from what I understand, and correct me if I'm wrong, Googlebot renders the page using a very tall viewport. How tall is that, by the way? Good question. For this reason, the suggestion for the lazy loading of the images is to take the advantage of the intersection observer, among other things. But what if my page is really tall, much taller than the viewport used by Googlebot? Everything not included in the viewport and therefore is not yielded, is ignored by Googlebot? So that's a really good question. And the reason why, and I know that Asaf, who is also on the call, has a question about the viewport as well. The reason why I don't want to speak too much about the viewport is that that's an implementation detail that can change at any point in time without reference. And you should make your website work in a way that allows access to all content without having to be on a very specific viewport. Now, that being said, regarding how tall it is, it is as tall as it needs to be within certain limits. Now, I know that's a fantastic response. But what we do is, and again, that's an implementation detail that can, at any point in time, change. The way that we deal with things is we don't scroll because that's surprisingly expensive and glitchy. What we do instead is we expand the viewport. And when we see that there's new content being loaded, we expand the viewport further. We can do that quite a while at some point due to memory restraints or constraints. We might not do it any further. So I would recommend making sure that you have a way to either split the content up so that you can access it via a specific URL or making sure that the individual bits and pieces that you care about are available under different URLs and are submitted through the sitemap or use the Intersection Observer. But don't expect everything to be in the page unless it is a reasonably small amount. So I would say if you need, let's say, a million pixels, then you're probably looking at something where eventually we would cut off. I picked a million pixels arbitrarily. I'm not saying we can't go further than one million pixels. I'm also not saying we are going to one million pixels. What I'm saying is there is a certain amount of wiggle room where the Intersection Observer will still work. And I think we might actually fire all Intersection Observers unless we see that it stops creating new code. But I can guarantee that that's the case, and I am not sure what the limitations are where the heuristics kick in. So again, as long as these items are just basically links to other pages that have the actual content, that's not a problem because then you can submit these individually through sitemaps, for instance, or offer a paginated version of the infinite scroll. But infinite scroll is definitely a challenging and interesting use case. Normally, Intersection Observer should get you pretty far. So that's that, which guides me gently into Asa's question. I know you have a question about the desktop crawling viewport, don't you? Right, yeah. So we want you to feel free to. Do you want me to read it out? I can also read out your question. All right, so Asa is asking if on Googlebot desktop, so he has a site with three column layout, and one of the columns is triggered only when the viewport is at least 1200 pixels wide. You haven't seen it being rendered either on the screenshot or the code itself. What's the threshold for getting the content rendered? I guess the threshold is 1024 pixels, if that's the correct dimension. And you think it's aligned with most desktop cases. 1024 is not really a desktop size, more tablet size these days. Yeah, so as I said, I don't actually know the dimensions because I don't care, and it shouldn't matter as much. I know that there is an option. Hypothetically, we could even do what we do for vertical layouts in horizontal. We can expand horizontally. But as far as I'm aware, Googlebot doesn't make use of that. What's the default width of the viewport? It should actually be, I think, the default starting width and height is 10,000 pixels in each directions. So I'm surprised that you seem to be seeing 1024 pixels. That's a very specific number, and I'm not sure where that comes from. So basically, we ran around 20 tests, and we hit at 1024, and it brought the left column. And you could see the rendered HTML included the content only when you were broader than 1024. Right. Right, that's interesting, because it should be broader. And also, we want to prevent having the 1024, because we don't want to show it for a tablet. An interesting question there is, why? So if it's a matter of not showing it or showing it differently, so if it's a proper responsive design, then that shouldn't be a problem. Then it should always be in the DOM somewhere. Is that the case? Or is it only being loaded into the DOM if the screen size has a certain size? Or if the viewport has a certain size? OK. So if you stretch it and reach the Chrome browser, can you reach the 1,200? So it's showing up, but if you reduce it. But when you say showing up, does that mean it loads additional content at that moment? Right. Well, what's the use case here? Why is this content not available to someone on a smaller screen device? Because we want to differentiate between tablet users and desktop users. We don't want to have this column on the tablet, because it's looked like two things in the world. Right. I understand what you mean. It looks too busy. It looks too full. Too busy. Interesting. The thing that I'm surprised by is, though, that it's 1,024. That's a very odd number that I wouldn't have expected. And yeah, in a high report, 1,024 as well. And it is quite arbitrary. Yeah, as far as I'm aware of the default number, I would have to double check what we're actually using in indexing, because it's a configuration that goes through WRS. And I'm not exactly sure what is the configuration. But again, it's also an implementation detail. And the question really is, how can if this content is important for you, or important enough for you so that Google needs to see it, how can you include the content in a way that doesn't make the design too busy? And there's lots of ways of doing that, right? So basically, we did have the functionality that we'll take this unit and embed it in the shrink version. So we're talking about the author bio. So yeah, so we do want to get it for all by Google. But we have some kind of solution. I'm just wondering what is the threshold. Seems to be 1,024, even though I would not rely on that. As I said, this can change any time in either direction, because we are not guaranteeing this. This is one of the cases where there is a gap in the documentation, and the gap in the documentation has a reason. The reason is that you shouldn't rely on it, and you can't rely on it. And the second question that I wrote there is, is that the case for desktop viewport, like 1,024? So I think this one seems to be, which surprises me, because I know that at least for vertical, we do expand, not 100% sure if we expand for horizontal. I don't think we do. But so you would normally see taller viewports is in more height of the viewport, depending on how large or how tall your content is. That should generally work. Not 100% sure what's happening with height. I'm pretty sure that is fixed. And I'm not sure what is fixed to probably 1,024. If you say that that's what your test concludes, I have no reason to doubt that. Yeah, like after 20 tests, we reach that number, right? I wouldn't be surprised if that's what's happening. I'm actually trying to search the source code right now to find that specific part. Ooh, what's happening out there. Let's see if I can find the, ah, no, I clicked on the wrong button and now I have the ugly version again. Damn it. The new interface is fascinating. Let's put it that way. And it doesn't no longer have the old files, which is unfortunate, because that was useful. I am pretty sure. Oh, hold on. Actually, I can try it here. Aha. I can try it by actually just passing in the request through the rendering system. And then I'll see what comes out. But 1,024 is a good possibility. You also have the question with the no archive tag inserted by Helmut. That should be fine.  If that's not, then I would argue that that's maybe a glitch in the cache. And then that's a problem, because the cache is not really maintained anymore. Again, and the intent is to. So the no archive, if I remember correctly, is pretty much just so that you are not getting into the downtime cache thing, like view, page, and cache. Should be fine. If it isn't, if you see that it behaves differently, then that's a good possibility that the way that the cache feature picks it up happens in an earlier stage in the pipeline, which is a bit of a tricky thing, because the cache feature itself is actually not actively maintained anymore. It just is there, because it kind of works. And it would be a shame to stop supporting it. Probably you're not rendering the page. It's possible. I mean, we are always rendering the page. What's possible is that the cache service kicks in right after crawling, which would then basically mean that we are not getting the rendered version. We are rendering the page. We're just not getting the rendered version for the cache actually pulls out data before the rendering happens, which is a bit unfortunate if that's a problem. The AMP team regards the AMP HTML tag. They say that they don't rely on JavaScript. Because they don't have to. Yeah. So maybe with no archive is the same. That is very much possible. But I would be surprised, because I know that the bit that parses meta tags and AMP is not a meta tag, the meta tags in non-AMP pages are parsed before and after rendering. The question is, when does the cache build its entry? When does the cache get populated? It is possible that the cache populates immediately with a fetch reply from the crawler. So immediately after crawling, it pulls itself a copy. It is also possible that it actually only pulls itself a copy once things get into the index. I could see that being reasonable as well. And that would basically mean that you would not see problems with the JavaScript injected variation of this. But again, it is possible that we are pulling it earlier in the process, and then you would probably see that it's not picking this one up. And this is actually really tricky to debug, because it might also just be race conditions, because a lot of things happen in parallel. So sometimes we might see the rendered version, sometimes we might not. That's something that we see with the cache in general. Sometimes we see the rendered version in the cache, most of the time we don't. And I have the feeling that's because the cache tries to extract information as early as possible from the document. And that's very likely to end up being before rendering. So I wouldn't rely on the no-archive tag being inserted from JavaScript. Generally, I would always try to get the meta tags consistent before you need JavaScript, or at least leave them out if you can, and only add them with JavaScript if you can't make them consistent between the server send version and the JavaScript rendered version. Excuse me. Bless you. Thank you. So currently, our main caller is desktop. So we did have this tag on the Roach, Jamer, and desktop. But when we will move to mobile first, don't have a solution yet. But sure, it'd be fine. I mean, on the other hand, what's the big problem with the cache? I'm not sure most people are even aware that it still exists. I only use it when the website is down. Why we don't want our pages to be cached? It's a secret. OK. Everything's secret. Oh, my. Awesome. We're publisher, and you know. Right. Yeah. OK, I see where this is going. All right, OK, I understand that. Right. Oh, my. The data marketplace thing is broken. I can't actually access the output from Raffia right now. That's unfortunate. Yeah, so I would test it. But I think you have a 50-50 chance. I think it's a race condition kind of situation. Got it. Thank you very much for both of the. Doing my best. Sorry. All right. Do we have any other questions? We have a few more minutes before I got to head out for today. All right. There's no further questions. I'd like to thank everyone who joined today's recording. Has been a huge pleasure. I wish you all a lovely, lovely time.  The next Office Hours is going to be in two weeks. I'll get this video updated, uploaded to the channel as soon as possible. And then I'll put the thread for the fortnightly next edition of the JavaScript SEO Office Hours into the YouTube channel. Thanks a lot. Have a lovely evening or a lovely morning, afternoon, whatever it is where you are. Has been a pleasure.  Bye-bye.