Lux presents Hollywood radio theater brings you Barbara Stanwyck, Joseph Cotton and Chester Morris in The Great Man's Lady. Ladies and gentlemen, your producer, Mr. Cecil B. DeMille. Greetings from Hollywood ladies and gentlemen. One day while I was lunching in the studio restaurant I noticed a woman, a very very old woman seated at another table. I thought I knew most of the players in town but she was so striking an appearance I asked my casting director to find out who she was and something about her. I found out very quickly. The little old lady was 109 years old and her name was Barbara Stanwyck. I hadn't even recognized one of my favorite stars. That just goes to show you what a convincing performance Barbara gave in the Paramount picture The Great Man's Lady. She plays the same part tonight. The woman called Hannah Sempler from the age of 17 to the age of 109. And with Barbara we present two leading men, the brand new star Joseph Cotton and Chester Morris who's just made a direct hit in the Pine Thomas production, Ariel Gunner. In the untold story of almost every great man is a great woman. The Great Man's Lady is the drummer of one of these, a strange chapter of love and adventure and sacrifice out of the lives of two great people. Think of all the changes that a woman 109 years old might have seen from the first railroad train to the miracles of the present. Electricity, automobiles, radio, airplanes, and important everyday things like Lux Flakes, which have made life easier and more pleasant for many millions of women. The 109 years ago, that 1834, Andrew Jackson was president, travel was by stage or sailing vessel, men wore beaver hats, the ladies wore crinoline gowns, and the washing pity that poor housewife was usually done by boiling the clothes over an open fire in the backyard. The women of that day would certainly have regarded Lux Flakes as a new form of magic. And it's still magic, but not new to most of you. Now the curtain rises on the first act of The Great Man's Lady, starring Barbara Stanwyck as Hannah, Joseph Cotton as Ethan Hoyt, and Chester Morris as Steely. Behind the deeds of every great man, you will always find a woman hidden in the shadow, working with him, striving for him, urging him on. No man is ever really great without a woman at his side. These are the words of Hannah Hoyt, age 109 years, wife of the long departed Ethan Hoyt, the great man for whom a great Western metropolis was named. On this spring day, in the year 1941, Hoyt City celebrates the memory of its founder. In the park speeches are made, the band plays, and the people sing. The Great Man's Lady is not attending the celebration. She's retired behind the drawn blinds of her old house. Here she's lived in peace for the last half century. Now the quiet is broken by the clamor of the press, reporters from all over the country who invade her power. Come on, come on. We want to see Mrs. Hannah Hoyt or Hannah Steffler or whatever she calls herself. She ain't seeing nobody. Tell her the president's here. I don't call her. Well, tell her again. Go on. Here she is. Get affected, Jerry. Older, Mrs. Hoyt. Thank you. Good afternoon, gentlemen. To what do I owe this peculiar honor? One more picture, please. Look this way, Mrs. Hoyt. My name is Hannah Steffler. Why are you in trouble here? Well, I suppose you know what day this is. Yes. It's Ethan Hoyt's day. The whole city is celebrating. They're unveiling a statue of Senator Hoyt at four this afternoon. Yes. Will you be there, Mrs. Hoyt? Miss Simpler. Sorry, do you expect to be there, Miss Simpler? No. Why not? You were his wife, or were you? Wait a minute, Miss Simpler. I'd like to apologize for all of us, for our rudeness in breaking in like this. You don't forget our rudeness. It's the public who's broken in. The public in whose eyes Ethan Hoyt has grown to the size of a national hero. The public, sir. You are the public. Miss Simpler, we come here seeking the answer to a great human enigma. A matter of history. Were you married to Ethan Hoyt?  Was his real wife there? If you and he had any children, where are they? You see, Miss Simpler, if your claims are true, it would make him a bigot. We ask you to prove these claims in the public input. The public? You weren't the public. The public is made up of millions of private homes like mine. In our homes, we draw inspiration from the memory of our great men, like Senator Hoyt. You want to destroy that memory. You'll seek nothing but scandal, but you will find none here. I bid you good day. She can't prove a thing because her story is just a pack of lies. She's an old windbag trying to crash the limelight. Oh, stop it!  Can't you see she's helpless and all alone? She's a very old lady. Yes, it's true. I am old. Very old. But I've made no claims, I've told no lies. Whatever I know is a matter of my own private history. That is all. Okay, Miss Simpler, let's go, Jerry. Miss Simpler, you came with the rest of them? What are you waiting for? Because, because I... Yes, I know. You've got a public too? Not yet, but I will have. I'm a biographer. Oh, what? I'm writing the life of Senator Ethan Hoyt. Oh, nice job. You like your work? I think he was one of the most... One of the most wonderful... Yes, so do I guess I ought to know about that. Oh, then you have to help me. I've got to know what part you played. Were you married to him? Did you have a child? Or I've got to know all sorts of things. That's why I had to see you. Oh, look away, girl. There's nothing much to see. Just a hundred or so years of memories. They ought to have been buried years ago. I can't really say that.  And you and I both be old ladies. We could compare, no. You come back in a hundred years, and I'll talk to you. Then you won't help me? Any good reason why I should? No. Yep. I'm sorry. I'll go now. Yeah, girl. Oh, wait a minute. Oh, are you crying? One of the meanest things about growing old is... you forget how important everything seems to young people. Yeah, come over here and sit down. I'm all right, Miss Semper. Sit down, I said. You know, girl, you need more comption and spirit. Yeah. Now, where'd you say you learned about Ethan Hoyt in books? Oh, prove you. You'll never learn a man out of books nor a woman, either. Men were different in those days. Men like Ethan. There was a band playing in his heart and the devil in his eyes. And I... I was a very young lady in a stuffy Philadelphia house in the year 1848. I met Ethan before, once or twice. But the time I remember best was the night he came galloping up to my father's house. I saw him from the upstairs window, galloping back from the west. I felt right good. Good evening, Miss Semper. Hello. Hello back. So I see. Well, come down and welcome me home. That's what you've been waiting for, isn't it? I haven't been waiting for you, Mr. Hoyt. I've just been looking at the moon. There isn't any. Oh, good night, Mr. Hoyt. Cousin Bettina, did you see him? Well, I must say, Hannah. What's the matter? Making a public spectacle of yourself. Oh, don't be stuffy, Bettina. Did you see how he smiled? A gentleman would never have dared. Gentlemen, you mean like my Mr. Cadwallader. I dare say he's never smiled in his whole life. Hannah! I almost died laughing when he proposed to me. Miss Semper, I have the great honor to address myself to your favor. Your father and I are thoroughly aggrieved. Hannah, that's not very ladylike. What's not? Making fun of the man you betrosed to marry. Oh, rats, he's really betrosed to my father. Hannah! Well, they made the agreement not high. Parents, no better. How do I look, Bettina?  Who? He's in Hoyt, of course. Hannah. Well, he smiled, didn't he? He always smiles. Every time I see him, he smiles. That's because he's a ne'er-do-well. Uh-huh?  All prove it. Well, he makes his clothes some dead animals. That isn't buffaloes. It's all the same. I think buffaloes must smell lovely, like the fresh air in the sun. Good night, Bettina. Have a good sleep. Where are you going? Downstairs. But you can't. He's down there. That's why I'm going. Hannah, sit down. Downstairs. Well, don't go in the library. Why not? Because there's having a big private consablation in there. But, Delilah, I need a book. Are you going to need two books when your father catch you eavesdropping? They ain't going to be in your hands, neither. Oh, dear.  There he is, Delilah. Oh, isn't he? Oh, my God, come away.  Two great rivers of the West coming together like an arrow, like a sign from the almighty gentlemen pointing out the natural sights of a great new city. And a public building, gentlemen, all grouped around a great square filled with fountains and trees. And behind the city, a hill. On the hill, home. Home, gentlemen, filled with light and air. And the country itself, the West, certainly, I had the power to describe it. A virgin land is lovely as an unexpected smile. As beautiful as... as that young lady in the doorway. Good evening, ma'am. Hannah. Good evening. What are you doing down here? Oh, I'm sorry, Father. I thought you might like some branding. Good evening, Mr. Samplo. Mr. Cadwalader. Mr. Hoyt, this is my daughter, Hannah. Miss Hannah and I have met there. Oh, when? Well, the last time I was here. Oh. My daughter has been told to Mr. Cadwalader. Oh. Oh, I see. Well, your health, Miss Hannah. I'm sure you'll be very happy. Oh, thank you. You may leave, Hannah. Yes, Father. You were saying, Mr. Hoyt? Oh, the truth of the matter is, Mr. Samplo, I need your help, money and supplies. I came to you because, well... Because no other business firm would carry your risk. Because you knew my father, Mr. Samplo. Yes, and have respect for his judgment. You're the man of great vision, sir. Exactly. Enough vision to say no to a venture like this. Exactly. You mean that... I mean no. But there is talk of a railroad. Don't you, I don't mean realize what you're doing. Talk of expanding the country. The country is large enough as it is. Large enough, I agree. Yes. Well, you listen to me, Mr. Samplo. You too, Mr. Cadwalader. This country is going to be bigger, a whale of a lot bigger. There's 2,000 miles of America out beyond the Mississippi. Land and riches beyond belief. But it's not going to belong to men like you. Men who won't take a risk. It's going to belong to men who aren't afraid. Men with luck in one hand and risk in the other. Oh, you're so right. You're so absolutely right. Yeah. I told you to... Excuse me, gentlemen. But father, I... Come upstairs at once, miss. Well, what? What was that he picked up on the way out? I believe it was a switch, sir. A switch? Do you really think he's... Huh? I do indeed. You really believe in that sort of thing? He's a very headstrong young girl, Mr. Hoyt. Oh.  Oh, yes. Help maintain the home. Oh, I see. Of course, that's where I come from, a woman is. You have women out west. Oh, yes, son. Yes, but mostly Indian squads, I presume. Mostly. Only the Indians have that. I've heard otherwise. Well, don't let me influence you. Exactly. I suppose that you...  But the women, I suppose... We rope them. What? Rope them, Mr. Cadwallada, and brand them with hot irons and hang them on forked sticks over a hot fire.  Cattle, Mr. Cadwallada. Oh, I thought we were talking about women. Women. Why have we had women like you have back here? We treat them like queens. Sorry, gentlemen. Mr. Hoyt, I'd ask you to remain for a couple of minutes. I understand. Now, just one thing more. About the matter of risk. I don't want you to go away with the wrong impression. We take risks every day. All right, this very year it's a fair risk as we'll make only 10% profit instead of 12%. All right, gentlemen. I think you've both lost something. My odds are all or nothing. Good night. He didn't leave Philadelphia right away. I caught a glimpse of him what was brushed in his buckskin, galloping about town on his great black horse. And then one night, there was a momentous time. I was lying in bed when I heard a noise at the window. What do you mean by... Go away. In the morning. For goodness' sake, will you please... I mean, I'm going for good. Oh. Come down. I want to say good-bye to you. I can't. You'll wake everyone up for the... Come down. I'll wake the dead.  I believe you are. Coming down. Of course not. I can't. Come up here. No, no, wait. Oh, I'd like a dress. I'll come down. Funny. He's done thought he was talking me into something that night. There I've been setting my cap for him. And he didn't even know it. Poor he's never had a chance. Night tonight? Yes. But it'd be pretty here. Moonlight and everything. Yes. They say a full moon makes people do strange things. Yeah, I guess so. Like it's not me here at all, not really. No, I... I think we'd better go. Do you feel strange too? Mm-hmm.  Mm-hmm. Of what? I don't know. Yes, I do. You shouldn't be here, Hannah. Well, of all things. Did I ask for time? No, no, no. I mean... Come on. You know what I mean. I can. I might be. You know I'm in love with you. Oh, no. Believe me, Hannah. Maybe. Got to. I won't have a chance to say it again. Do you love me? Maybe. I think you do, Hannah. Oh, you've been here. You know something?  Don't I? No. Why? You're crying. Well, I've got a handkerchief. Here, let me have it. Now, look up here. What are you crying about? I don't know. Because I'm leaving? I don't know. Hannah. Hannah, may I keep your handkerchief? I'd like to take it with me. Something with you. Oh, you think?  Take me. And we joined the wagon train on the west bank of the Ohio. We were married out in the middle of the prairie land with the wagon train passing by. And the storm was gathering overhead. For the good Lord, strike the tender. What man would join? I can't find the place. Just hit the high spot, Boston. The rain's almost here. Yeah, I'm here. It's coming. Maybe I can do it without the boat. Go ahead. Oh, hand. I do.  Join them, whatever. Yeah, whoa, boy. I've got to take care of the horses. Well, we haven't much money. Would a plane one be all right with you? Sure, sure. I got to wait and sit here. What's Ethan's last name? Ethan Hoyt, H-O-Y-T. H-O-Y-T? Yes. Hannah Sampler, S-E-N-T-L-E-R. Sampler? Then Barbara Stanwyck, Joseph Cotton, and Chester Morris in the second act of The Great Man's Lady. Now it's intermission time, so let's go along with our reporter, Libby Collins, as she talks to Mary Sue, a wartime bride.  Thank you. It's cotton. I chose it especially so I can wear it summer evening. It'll pack beautifully, too. Talk about packing. Let me show you my trunk. My goodness, what are all these things? My home, if you please. Everything I need to dress up one room. Let's see. Colored table linens? Aren't they pretty? And here are curtains. Even a couch cover and a pillow cover. And a string rug. And all these other things, see? Why? You can have a home anywhere. Well, that's what I want, with Bill and me on the move all the time. And I can always use everything thick and thin, too, because all these things are luxible. That's right, Mary Sue. Lux makes living out of a trunk or a suitcase a lot easier. You don't have to take so much with you when you can freshen things so easily.  It's the mildest, gentlest lux ever made. Super safe, not only for pretty dresses like Mary Sue's, but for your colored linens and curtains. All your household washables. Lux things last longer. Yes? Lux things last longer. And lux lasts longer, too. Gives you richer suds, thrifty suds that do more work than ever. Get new-improved lux flakes tomorrow. It comes in the same blue box you know so well. But now, it's better than ever. New-improved lux flakes. Now, our producer, Mr. DeMille. Act two of The Great Man's Lady, starring Barbara Sandrick as Hannah, Joseph Cotton as Ethan Hoyt, and Chester Morris as Steely. From the pinnacle of more than a century of life, Hannah Hoyt looked backward to the year 1848, to the time when she and Ethan rolled westward in a covered wagon to pound a great city on the barren prairie land. Most of the wagons were going through the gallows, wood, and gems of gold. But we left them at Fort Scott and turned off on the trail for Hoyt City. Whoa, whoa, whoa, there. Ethan, are we going to stop here? Looks like a good place to camp for the night. Can't we go on? There's a river bed just ahead of here. I want to risk a flash flood during the night. No, no, I mean all the way on to Hoyt City. It's only six more miles. Well, look, Hannah, there's something I've got to tell you. Won't it wait? No. I mean you take the morning. Things look brighter. What thing? Well, Hoyt City. Oh, don't worry about that. The way I feel right now, Hoyt City will look like Philadelphia almost. Well, that's what I mean. You mean it wrong? Well, not exactly. Oh, I don't expect it to. But just imagine a real bed to sleep in, people, lights, hot water, and clean clothes. I know, Hannah. A home on the hill overlooking the city. A public square filled with fountains and trees. What kind of trees, Ethan? Oh, no, don't tell me. I like surprises. Oh, well, that's fine. I got my surprise all right. Hoyt City in 1848. One tree, an ankle deep in mud, and a series of ramshackle wooden buildings. That's all. Oh, yes. There were four looms. Well, here we are, Hannah. This is it. Yes, Ethan. Oh, I'm sorry, Hannah. I wanted to tell you before.  You were just seeing it the way it's going to be, that's all. A great city can grow here, Ethan. You really think so? We'll build it. You and I. Sure we will. People will help us. That's how I meant it. But it can really be like a city glittering in the sun with towers like silver and gold. And people, Ethan. Thousands of people building something all new and shiny. Hoyt City.  You ought to see that. You've been here a whole year now. Where's the building that was going to start? Where's all the people? Mr. Frisbee, if the railroad came here, we'd... My dear Mr. Hoyt, railroads cost money. So far you haven't been able to raise a penny. You mean you won't put it up either? Is that it? Well, now I can say that. I've come all the way from the east to look this thing over. I don't enjoy wasting my time, Mr. Hoyt. All right. What do you want? I want Hoyt City. A fair share of it. Say, three quarters of the land. A cat. It's mine. Sit down, Mr. Hoyt. You're in no position to argue. Now, what's that? Indians? A rabbit. Again for dinner. Oh. Oh, uh... Now look here, Hoyt. I brought all the paper.  My wife won't listen to it. Your wife? What's she got to do with it? She owns that. Then get her to see it our way. It's to her own advantage. You see, Hoyt, I happen to know her father. Pine man. Pine Philadelphia home. What's she becoming out here? A crack shot, among other things. And she deserves better. Give her back what she has. A real home. Clothes. You don't want her to turn into one of these scary women, do you? Evening. Oh, uh, Hannah. This is Mr. Frisbee, uh, my wife. Oh, uh, good evening. Howdy, Mr. Frisbee. I've got to clean these here right about the evening. Oh. Hannah, Mr. Frisbee wants you to sign this paper. Let the rabbit wait. This is important. Nothing ain't important as it is, either. Hannah, stop this foolishness. It's just a matter of your signature, Mrs. Hoyt. The land transfer, Hannah. You mean you want me to sign it, Ethan? Yes. But I forgot how to write. Mrs. Hoyt. I'm a prairie woman, Mr. Frisbee. Is this here the paper? That's right. It's the... Mrs. Hoyt, you're carrying up the agreement while you... Now get out. Get out of here. Get out of here. Mrs. Hoyt. Go on.  You rabbit. Close that saddle. Oh, I don't think your Mrs. Frisbee will bother us for a while anyway. I won't fill the railroad either. Ethan, you mean you really wanted me to sign it? Not a matter of what you wanted. It's a matter of fact. Hoyt, silly as a failure. I can't believe it, Ethan. Look at it, Hannah. I can't believe that you can change like this. Give up so easily. Not me. Here, I'll show you. Look at your hands. A year ago they didn't look like that. But I don't mind. I wanted to fill them with diamonds and gold. You will. Ethan, I had a dream. So did I. No, I mean a dream about gold. Gold? Oh, maybe it sounds silly, but I really did. A misty sort of dream about a mountain of gold.  It seemed to be California. You mean you want to go? Tomorrow. We'll come back, Ethan. With our pocket-boving gold flowers for your hair. Welcome back to Hoyt City to finish what we've begun. We had hundreds of dollars to our name that we needed a thousand. Ethan went down into town to see how much he could raise. He got as far as the second saloon. And then he ran into Steely Edward. Steely has ran a month ago. Right over here, friends. Try your luck with Steely Edward. You can't lose without trying. It's all in the cards. Three card money. The game's crooked. The cards are fixed. You can't win. Step right up. I take no bets from paupers, widows, orphans, or cripples. Go ahead, Ethan. Take a chance. Who's Ethan? Well, Ethan, want to lose your money? I've got a hundred dollars on the ace. I am the ace, friend. Now watch closely. Here it is. Now here. Here. And now where? Here. No, friend. Here. Oh. I told you you can't win, friend.  I'll try it again. For what's sake? My horse. Your horse? Very foolish. I am the ace, friend. Now watch closely. Here it is. Now here. Now here. And now where? Here. It's called soup. There. It's here. Now suppose we try it once again. I've got a work horse. A work horse. Well, here we go again. Now watch the ace and watch his horse. Thanks, fella, for about everything he had, Dealey. Did you go up and collect those horses? Yep. Got the rest of the stuff, too. I'll check it off against the list. Two horses. Two horses. Two cows. That's right. Chickens. Animal voice. I wasn't counting on you, madam, but I assure you, after I get the animal to set it down for the night. I didn't come here to talk nonsense, Miss Edward. You'd better be careful.  Yes, it might.  I want everything you took from my husband. I want it all back. Well, naturally. But that's contrary to the sport. Sport? You call it sport to cheat a man to take advantage when he... Oh, no, no, no. He was only slightly, madam. Besides, he enjoyed losing. You know, that's what Monty is for. To give enjoyment to the working man. I want everything he lost. Would you really shoot? Try, ma'am. No, sir. No, madam, you're welcome to the livestock. But as for the money, I don't see your view for it. I want that, too. We need it. So do I. I'll tell you that. I won't give you the money back, but I'll pay you for it. Against what? Against, uh... Nothing to offer. Nothing. Oh, don't be so modest. You know, a pretty woman always has something to offer. Let's, uh...let's say a kiss, shall we? If you think you... Otherwise, you'll have to shoot me. Very unprofitable. Well... All right. But I'll shuffle the cards. Certainly, your deal, madam. I've gotten everything back. Of course, dearly, let me win. And then Ethan and I went to California. For eight wonderful, terrible years, we wandered up and down the Pacific coast. Wonderful times when Ethan and I were together. Terrible times when he was away. And every time he came home, there was Tilly at least. He stayed long after me for eight years. I...I can't say I mind as much for something wonderful about Tilly. As far as it went, I love Ethan too much.  I bought two tickets for the concert tonight. I can't go, Tilly, but thanks. Oh, thanks. You know, that's what you always say. By this time, you ought to know what I mean. I don't know. All I know is... Tilly, do me a favor. Anything.  I thought you said you didn't like gambling. Well, I don't call it working for a living. I suppose Ethan never gambled in his life. That's got nothing to do with it. That's just the point. Great she is. He hasn't had anything to do with anything but himself. Except when he comes home for a bath and it changes clothes, that's all. I'm sorry, Tilly, but you deserve that. Yeah. Yeah, I guess I did. Anyway, those eight years are over. Things will be different now with Ethan and me. I'm going to have a child. A baby, huh? Well, that's fine, Hannah. That's great. I guess you won't be going anyplace for a while. No. Well, I'll run along. Good night, Hannah. Good night, Tilly. Oh, is that you, Hoyt? Yeah. So you're back, huh? Well, welcome home. Thanks. I figured you'd be glad to see me. Did you have luck this time? No, did you? I'm not so sure I get that. Suppose I explained it, or maybe you'd better explain how it is I happen to run into every time I come home. You'd better get inside. Hannah's waiting. Come here. Now, you take your hands off, friends. We're going to settle this thing right now. That's all right with me. But I think I ought to tell you. I never carry a gun. Lucky for you. Get out of here and stay out. Have some more coffee, Ethan. Oh, it's wonderful to have you back. I've got so much to tell you. Ethan, I'm... Oh, Hannah, we'll keep. Oh, not the first. Then save us the morning, William. Don't. Got a spare bed for the miner down on his luck, Mrs. Hoyt. Yes, of course. Good. Your bed's all ready. I've just got to turn down the covers. Oh. Was there anything doing this trip, Ethan? No, no, no. Same old story. A little gold, but you can't get it out of that blue stuff. Dickie has a pitch. Blue stuff. Some people claim it's silver, but they're crazy. Just get them away. Lie down, darling. I'll take off your blue stuff. Well, watch out. It's all over them. Blue clay. Oh, that's messy, isn't it? Yeah. Strange country up here. Virginia City. A black hill called the Sun Mountain. Like a finger beckoning from the sky. My husband, it was on his boot. I thought I'd take a chance and have it assayed right away. That was no chance. This stuff is silver. Silver? It's literally solid. It'll run $5,000 for the tons. Would you? I've got to see him right away. Right over there at the bar. Oh, thanks. Stealy. Stealy. My Hannah. Where is she? I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. Your Hannah. Well, that's your service, madam. Stealy, listen, we're rich. Well, good. Who? Ethan. Even in me, he found silver Stealy. Tons of it. Tons of silver. I've got to get him out of town now tonight. The word's going around. They'll mar them to find out about it. Can you lend me some money? For him? For me to buy the mines. I'll pay at that. Oh please, Stealy. Every cent I'll scrub, I'll crook. I'll pay it all back. And you're going to stay here? Yes. And he'll let you stay? Oh, he doesn't know about the baby. I can't tell him. He wouldn't go now to be new. Go, not if he knew. You, you wouldn't go see me. No. Oh, don't you see, it's a chance. It's what he's been looking for, rubbing and digging his way through the mountains for eight years. He's got to go steely, alone. If some woman ever felt like that about me, if her name was Hannah, how much do you want? Oh, steely, steely, thank you. Ethan, wake up. Ethan, listen. What is it? What's the matter? Quick, the whole town's on its way here. You've got to get out. Silver, that blue stuff on your booth. Silver. Solid silver. Here, put them on quick. They'll be here any minute. Go out the back way. Here, take this. What is it? Money to buy the mine. Money to buy? Where'd you get it? Oh, Harry, Ethan, don't stop to argue. Where did you get it? Steely Edward. That's what I thought. You're coming with me, Hannah. No. Why not? I can't. Why not? I can't tell you, Ethan. You can't tell me. Well, maybe I can get. Look at me. You can't tell me. No. Then I know. Oh, Ethan, please. Well? You can't go like this, thinking what you're doing. What else am I to think? What else? Ethan, they're here. You have to go. All right. Tell Edward he'll have his money inside a week. Oh, no, no. You can't come back in a week. You'll have to stay. I'll send the money. I'm not coming back myself at all. Goodbye, Hannah. Ethan. Goodbye, Ethan. Good luck. For now, for station identification, this is the Columbia Broadcasting System. Before Mr. DeMille presents Act 3 of The Great Man's Lady starring Barbara Sandwich, Joseph Cotton, and Chester Morris, here's another round of our conservation quiz, questions on how to help clothes last longer by caring for them correctly. Here's our first contestant, Sally, Mrs. William Johnson of North Hollywood. And our first question, Mrs. Johnson, is should a girdle be left once a week, several times a week, or once every two or three weeks? Several times. Several times a week is best if you want to get the best kind of wear from it. If soil and perspiration are left in the fabric, they tend to weaken its elastic quality. Luxing takes away soil and perspiration very gently. Helps girdles last and keep their fit longer. And Mrs. Johnson, you'll find this box of new improved luck flakes will last a long, long time too. It's very thrifty. Well, that leads right into our second question, Mr. Kennedy. And Mrs. John Sutherland of Los Angeles will try to answer this, Sally. Now listen carefully, Mrs. Sutherland. If two tablespoons full of luck will wash the days under things in stockings, just two tablespoons full, how long will a large box of luck flakes last? 14 days or 28 days or almost two months? If you're not sure, take a guess. 28 days? Oh, no. One big box of new improved luck will do stockings and undies every single day for almost two months. That's practically all the rest of the summer. Don't forget that your slips and other undies will wear better, look new longer, when you wash them the gentle luck way. Follow the directions right here on the box, Mrs. Sutherland, and you won't make any slips in washing. You'll save two ways. Luck things last longer and luck lasts longer too. It comes in the same familiar box, but it's better than ever before. New improved luck flakes. Now Mr. DeMille returns to the microphone. You're invited to meet our stars in person after the play, but now the curtain rises on the third act of the great man's lady, starring Barbara Sandwick, Joseph Cotton, and Chester Morris. Hannah Hoyt has paused in her story. Dreaming of the past, her eyes close as if in sleep. The girl reporter waits for a moment, then gently touches the old lady's hand. Mrs. Hoyt, I'm not asleep tonight. Mrs. Hoyt, the baby, was it ever born? Oh yes, it is indeed. Young Aidan was born in the summer of 1815. It was just two, the year of the sacramental flood. The flood, during that? Well, the people started to visit the town one night in December. I'd just been a snacking when Steely Edward came to the house. Steely! Get out of the rain.  I had no idea it was this bad. Take the baby, help us down to the boat. The boat? We're going to San Francisco. That's where you're going, isn't it? Yes, yes, but... Oh, but come on, you always said you wanted to take me on a trip. If you wait any longer, it'll be too late. It's been too late ever since I met you the first time, Hannah. What do you mean? You're not going to San Francisco. You're going to Virginia City, where he is. Oh, no, no, Steely, I can't. Why not? I've never even heard from him. Now, look, Hannah, you love him. That's all it matters.  Come on, swallow your pride, do it once more. You see, young Ethan's never heard from him, either. Have you taken for me on the stage to begin this journey? All night he travels through that door, the horses boundary and mud to the knee, and then he's towards dawn, and we reach the bridge. Yes, sir! We'll never get across this bridge. Just put under water right now. Let's drive and swim. All Ethan has to do, their mother's here. But if you don't, it's all right, do you think? We're going to see Daddy, in case you're going to see your daddy. Stop! Stop! The river! You're never going to get us back! Get off the bridge! Get off the bridge! Get off the bridge! Come on, come on! He's 83 years old. He died that morning in his life. There was no use in going on until the finished his life. Ethan had heard about the child, and he thought I was dead too. A year later, I found out that he couldn't have married again. But I know now what your man from his head has come back in a hundred years. A hundred years of greatness and heartbreak, of sorrow. I went to San Francisco then to work in a steely Edward's place, the Crystal Palace. I was still there in 1868 when a gentleman flying at one of the tables asked to see me. The gentleman was my father. Steely's office. I'm so glad to see you, father. I thought of you. Stop the camera. I came here with a business proposition nothing more. Oh, what? Everyone thinks you're dead. So did I until today. I want you to remain dead legally. I don't know what you mean, father. You still call yourself Hannah Hart. Yes, I'm married, do we? But he's married to J.B. Dawson's daughter back in White City. Here's a prime reputation. A fine home, a son. A son?  I'll make it worth your while. It means everything to me, everything. If you don't do it for me, do it for Ethan. He's in trouble enough now on the least breakfast. I will ruin him. Dawson and I need him in Congress. He's running against a hothead from White City, a dreamer who thinks that building White City is more important than building a railroad. My great Scott of Ethan's not elected. I hate to think what it would mean for all of us. Please go. Please go, father. For the last time, please go. Very well, Hannah. The house wins, gentlemen. The house always wins. Place your bets, please. Steely, I want to speak to you. What's the matter? I'm going back to White City. No more bets, gentlemen. Is it Ethan? Yes, he's in trouble. He needs me. Double, gentlemen. The game is against you. Better luck next time. Better luck yourself, Steely Edward. Yeah. Thanks. Goodbye, Hannah. Goodbye. You know where I found Ethan? In our little cabin. The house he had built for me. He had come back to our home to be alone and sing. Hannah. Hannah, is that you? Yes, Ethan. This afternoon, I thought I saw you in the crowd when I was speaking.  I was bringing you your son. My son? Yes, Ethan. Forgive me, Hannah. I failed you. I've always failed you. No, you've gone forward the way you were supposed to go. That's what I wanted for you. I'm like a blind man now, Hannah. Man in the dark. No, you'll see again. You'll see what you yourself used to see better than any man on earth. A fine, bright world. We started to build it once. It's not as simple as that. I've changed. I came back here alone and tried to build what we dreamed together, you and I. There's no good, Hannah. The heart was going out of me. I took the easy way, just like I've always done. Except when you've been around to keep me straight. And now you're in trouble. I'm in just as deep as the rest of them, corrupting judges and legislators to get what we want. Money is the great power, Hannah. And my money is tied up with the railroad. If I fight the politicians now, I'll be fighting myself. But that's right. That's what you must do. You've got to help me, Hannah. I can't do it alone. You're not alone. You have a family. Yes. As you too, Hannah. No, I'm only... No, you're not. I've divorced you. Where? Before I came here. Or not because I don't love you. I always will. But because our marriage was the only weapon they could use against you. I won't let you do this, Hannah. You've got to. And you've got to work for all the things we dream together. Speak for the truth and fight for it. Speak for all the people to hear. Help them to build something fine and free. A country that... that your little boy... that all our children will be proud to inherit and live in. If only we were beginning all over. Spring never comes again, Ethan. Ethan went on from there. Went on into greatness and glory. Fused his greatness like a beacon to give men hope. Men in buildings, cities and a nation. Do you mind if I say something? No, no. Speak ahead, girl. I think that statue in the park is the wrong person. It ought to be you. Oh, nonsense, girl. Behind the deeds of every great man he will always find a woman hidden in the shadows. Working with him, driving for him, urging him on her. No man is ever really great without a woman at his side, but the woman is only a helping hand. What Ethan did, he did alone. I never saw him again until he came back home in 1906. He stood in the doorway one new spring morning. His hero, Silverie, in the sunlight. He was holding out his hand. Smiling at me. So sad. I've come back, Hannah. I've come home to die. The people heard he was there in my house. They came to pay him homage. You did just fine, Ethan. Fine. You gave me the strength and the courage. But you did it alone, Ethan. All alone. No, no, no, Hannah. You were with me every step of the way. I wanted you to be proud of me. I am proud of you, Ethan. Prouder than a cat for this. I've got no kitten. Hannah. Yes, Ethan. Yes, Ethan. On the 20th of March, 1848, Ethan Hoyt and Hannah Simplest were united in the holy bond. I'm not going to write his life, Ethan Hoyt. I know you wouldn't ever run along, girl. You've got a hundred years of your own to live. Yes, you can take it. Goodbye. Goodbye, girl. On the 20th of March, 1848, Ethan Hoyt and Hannah Simplest were united for every reason. No one can change. We'll be back for a curtain call in just a moment. Tonight in North Africa, in the South Pacific, the Aleutians, all over the globe, Americans are fighting. If by doing one small thing here at home, you could send them more ammunition, more medical supplies, would you do it? Are you doing it? The thing I mean isn't exciting. It isn't glamorous, but it is important. It's collecting waste fats and greases from your kitchen and turning them in for salvage.  It contains glycerin, one of the things used in making war materials.  Enough to fire four anti-aircraft shells at an enemy bomber. Well, here's what we do at our house. First, of course, we use what fats we can for frying and so on. Then, when we're through with them, we strain them into a clean, tin can. Any kind of a fruit or vegetable or soup can. Then we take them to the butcher and he turns them in to be made into gunpowder and other things our army needs. The cans you turn in will be salvaged as well as the fat, so don't use glass or paper containers that break or leak.  Save every bit. Turn it in promptly. Your butcher will pay you cash for it. And within 21 days, the fat you turn in will be helping to provide both ammunition and medical supplies for our men on the fighting front. Now, here's Mr. DeMille with our stars. Three good troopers through back to our microphone now. As curtain call time comes for Barbara Stanwyck, Joseph Cotton and Chester Morris.  Wonderful, Joe. Just think I could be Settleby DeMille's grandmother.  The better to see that TV is flashing. I'm just sunburned. See, Barbara, when the tip of my head gets sunburned, it's rather obvious. Things like that could break up a whole play, Mr. DeMille. I remember a story my father once told me about an actor who was playing a very tragic scene on the stage about 50 years ago. The audience was weeping copiously, including a small boy with long golden curls who watched the play from the wing. But in addition to crying, the boy was eating taffy, and the tears in the taffy were running down his face together. And just as the star said goodbye forever to his leading lady, he saw the tears in the taffy, and he couldn't stand it. He giggled right in the leading lady's face. Who is the actor, Chester? It was my father, William Morris. And the great artist, too. I wonder whatever happened to the kid with the long curls. I don't know, Joe, I think he went into pictures or something. His name was Cecil DeMille. And he had long curls. Are you kidding? Time, time has changed. You know, Barbara, a lovely lady who was actually in that scene is here in our theater audience tonight. Chester's mother, Mrs. William Morris. Oh, I wonder if she recognizes you, CB. Maybe I'd better change the subject. What's next week's play? One of the biggest comedy hits, Broadway and Hollywood, has been in years, Barbara. It's My Sister Eileen. And our stars will be Rosalind Russell, Brianna Hearn, and Janet Platt. My Sister Eileen is the story of two girls from the Middle West and their adventures in the wilds of New York. The play ran for two years on Broadway. Next Monday night, we'll have the same three stars you saw in the Columbia picture. Rosalind Russell, Brianna Hearn, and Janet Platt. Sounds like standing remotely, Mrs. DeMille. Good night. Good night. Good night. I hope you're all ready to be 109. Ladies and gentlemen, the Lux Radio Theater has again been named as Radio's best dramatic program in movie radio guides, annual poll of listeners. To you, our audience, who gave us this honor, and to the editors of Movie Radio Guide, we send our thanks and a promise. A promise that the Lux Radio Theater will continue on the same standards that won this distinction. Our sponsors, the makers of Lux Flakes, join me in inviting you to be with us again next Monday night. And the Lux Radio Theater presents Rosalind Russell, Brianna Hearn, and Janet Blair in My Sister Eileen. The success will be developed saying good night to you from Hollywood. Barbara Sandwich next picture is the Universal Production for All We Know. Joseph Cotton appeared tonight by arrangement with David O. Selznick, and will soon be seen in the Universal Picture, Hers to Whole. The Great Man's Lady has been presented tonight through the courtesy of Paramount Pictures, whose current production is Dixie with Bing Crosby, Dorothy Lamour, and Marjorie Reynolds. Buried in tonight's play were Faye McKenzie, Norman Fields, Catherine Wiley, Roland Drew, Ruby Dandridge, Charles Calvert, Ernestine Wade, Leo Cleary, Fred Mackay, Charles Seal, Robert McKenzie, and Leon Ladoo. Our music was directed by Louis Silver. And this is your announcer, John M. Kennedy, reminding you to tune in next Monday night to hear Rosalind Russell, Brian Ahern, and Janet Blair in My Sister Eileen. Folks, if you're not taking vitamins, summer's a good time to start. And here's your chance to start absolutely free. Just send your name and address to this station for your free sample of BIMS. BIMS are the amazing vitamin mineral tablets that give you all the essential vitamins and all the minerals commonly lacking. Remember, for your free sample, send your name and address to this station. Ask for your free BIMS. Offer good in USA only. This is the Columbia Broadcasting System.


Joe Hegg began his football career at Brainerd High School before winning five national championships at NDSU now. He's a starting offensive lineman for the Indianapolis Colts. Clayton Castle has more. We're still 16 days away from the opening of most NFL training camps, but former Brainerd warrior and current Indianapolis Colts player Joe Hegg stopped in his hometown to sign some autographs, take some pictures and talk to Lakeland News about his rookie season. I think a big part of it was just kind of just being coachable, listening to what they're saying, talk to vets, try to understand as much as you can and try to hit that learning curve as quick as you can. That's something I was able to do pretty quickly and obviously put me in spots to be able to play lots last year. The Brainerd High and NDSU grad will continue to start this year for the Colts. With a promising rookie class and free agents, Joe says he's optimistic for the Colts 2017 campaign. I'm really excited. I think that we've got a heck of a lot of guys training in offense and we also have a lot of young guys in defense who are going to be fast. So I'm excited to see how that goes.  No matter how big of a star he becomes, he will always be remembered in his hometown as a hard worker with an excellent work ethic. He's probably a great example for young linemen or young athletes and the fact that if you want to have a dream, you've got to really go after it and work hard to get to it. And everything that Joe has done is built on hard work. Now, despite being a star in the NFL, Joe Hig will always have fond memories of his hometown of Brainerd, including here at Brainerd High School where he started both his junior and senior years and earned all state honors. Oh, I love it. I mean, there's people coming up to me all the time saying congratulations and I love it. I love this whole area. I love every aspect of it. I wouldn't be where I was if it wasn't for Brainerd football and this high school in this community. And I will never forget that. Hague and the Colts will kick off their regular season on September 10th in Los Angeles to take on the Rams, reporting in Brainerd and Baxter, Clayton Castle, Lakeland News. Thanks, Clayton. The Lakeland area will have a few opportunities to see Hague in action this season. The Colts play three games on national television in prime time. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


What is the judiciary? Welcome to the Civics Academy governance series. In these videos, we explore different aspects of democratic governance and the concept of the separation of powers as one of the key features of democracy. In this video, we look at the third branch of government, the judiciary, its responsibility and tasks. Democracies are characterized by the separation of functions and powers between the three branches of government, the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. Each branch checks the power of the other two so that there is a balance of power between them. The judiciary interprets and applies the law, including the Constitution, and ensures that the other two branches comply with it. In this way, the judiciary checks the exercise of power of the legislature and the executive. The judiciary is composed of various courts across the country, presided over by judges and magistrates. The courts decide disputes and apply the Constitution. Chapter 8 of our Constitution defines the structure of the South African judicial system. At the top of the system is the constitutional court. Below it is the Supreme Court of Appeal and the various high courts in the provinces. These courts are presided over by judges. Below the High Court, you find regional and district courts presided over by magistrates. The Constitution also allows for the creation of specialized courts, like the Labour Court and the Equality Court. We explain the function of the Equality Courts in more detail in our video, how to use the Equality Court to challenge discrimination. In a democracy, the courts must be independent and subject only to the authority of the Constitution and the law to be able to make impartial decisions and not be influenced by political or personal considerations. In other words, they must make decisions based only on the facts and the law relating to a particular case. In one way, the courts do a similar job to the referee of a soccer match. A referee has to enforce the rules to ensure the game is fair and the players do not break the rules. But the task of the courts goes further. They must ensure that justice is done. Chapter 2 of the Constitution guarantees every person the right to have a dispute or trial heard by a fair, impartial and independent court. It is the system's duty to make sure that the laws of South Africa are complied with by everyone, including the legislature and the executive. For example, when the national or one of the provincial legislatures passes a law, a High Court can declare the law or parts of it unconstitutional and invalid. If this is confirmed by the constitutional court, the law has no force and effect, as if it was never passed. The courts can similarly declare invalid the actions of the national or provincial executive. This is why the judiciary has to be impartial and non-political, while the other two branches of government are made up of politicians who work along the lines set out by their particular party. Because judges and magistrates must be independent and impartial, it is very important that they are appointed in a different manner than MPs or cabinet ministers. In South Africa, the Judicial Service Commission, JSC, a body established by the constitution, plays an important role in the appointment of judges. It further advises the country's national government on any matters relating to the judiciary and the administration of justice. Summary The judiciary is composed of various courts within a democratic state, and the judges and magistrates who sit in the courts of South Africa. The judiciary does not introduce or pass any laws, but it is meant to interpret the law and apply the constitution. The judiciary must apply the law fairly and without fear, favour or prejudice to all disputes brought before it. It also interprets the constitution and declares invalid any laws passed by the legislature or action taken by the executive that is in conflict with the constitution. To fulfil its role, the judiciary must be strictly independent and impartial. Judges cannot promote the interests of a political party or an individual. The decisions of judges and magistrates are subject only to the constitution and the laws of South Africa. They cannot be interfered with by the executive or the legislature.


Hi, my name is Andrea with Foodimentary Adventures in Food. Today I'm sharing one of my family's favorite comfort meals, pinto beans and smoked ham hocks. This meal is inexpensive, comforting, and hearty. So let's get started. So you're gonna need smoked ham hocks. This is about a little over two pounds of smoked ham hocks.  I know some people use ham or bacon or smoked turkey, but there's just something about the flavor of ham hocks. It is so good. So I have already rinsed and cleaned off my ham hocks and they're sitting here as you can see in the bowl. And then I have one pound of dried beans. And then for my seasonings, I am using garlic powder, onion powder, seasoned salt and pinto bean seasoning. Now I know that you may not have access to pinto bean seasoning. If you don't have it, that's fine. I have used, I have made beans with the season, with the pinto bean seasoning and without, and it's totally fine. It's just a personal preference of mine. Also feel free to use other seasonings that you like.  And what I do is just pour a few beans in my hand at a time and you're gonna sort them and look for things like rocks. Okay, so I've picked through the beans and I didn't find any rocks this time. But here's an example of some of the types of things that I pulled out.  Just misshapen beans. Those are the types of things that you're looking for. Next, you're going to thoroughly rinse the beans several times in a colander. So I'm going to show you how to soak your beans using the quick boil method.  It's about an inch or so above the beans. And what I'm gonna do is bring my beans to a boil, uncovered, and then once the beans come to a boil, I'm going to remove the pot from the burner, place a top on top of the pot, and then let the beans just sit for an hour. Now, if you don't want to do a quick boil method, you could also just put your beans in a bowl, cover them with water, like an inch above in the bowl, cover it with some wax paper, and then you can just let them soak overnight or for about eight hours. Okay, so in a separate pot, the same time that I have my beans getting ready for a quick boil, I've got my ham hocks going. So I just covered the ham hocks. So the water is barely above the ham hocks and I'm waiting for my ham hocks to come to a boil. Once they come to a boil, I am going to cover the pot with the lid and then I'm just gonna let those ham hocks cook for about two hours until they get nice and tender. So by the time my ham hocks are ready, my beans are going to be ready too. Okay, so here are the ham hocks. It's been about two hours and you can see how rich that broth looks. I didn't add any additional water to it at all. So the ham hocks are a little bit tender, not much. By the time we're finished cooking the pinto beans, these ham hocks are gonna be fork tender and you'll just be able to flake that meat off, but not just yet. So right now, what I'm gonna do is add in the pinto beans and I've already drained them in the colander. This is what they look like. So they're still pretty firm to the touch.  And I prefer cooking my pinto beans on top of the stove. I know some people prefer to cook them in the crock pot, but when you cook them on top of the stove, that bean broth gets so nice and rich. You just can't beat it. Okay, so I've got my beans in the pot. Now I'm gonna add some seasoning. I'm going to add some onion powder and some garlic powder. Now I'm gonna hold off on adding any salt until my beans are tender and cooked. Reason being, if you add your salt right now, it's gonna make your beans tough and you definitely don't want tough beans. All right, so I am going to cover up my pot and let these beans simmer for about three or four hours. You're gonna wanna check on them occasionally and stir them up. Okay, so it's been about three hours and as you can see, the beans are still simmering away. They've still got a ways to go, but the ham hocks are ready to come off the bone. Now, you don't have to take the meat off the bone. I prefer that. I just don't like having the big pieces of ham hock in there with my cooked beans. That's just a personal preference. So they are super tender right now. As you can see, the meat just falls away and that's what you're looking for. So these ham hocks have cooked for about five hours so it took them that long to get to this state. So I'm gonna take the meat off the bones. I'll probably leave some of the skin in the beans too because Howard likes that part. And then I'm also going to salt the beans. I can do that at this point because the beans have gotten pretty tender. Okay, so here are the beans. This isn't all of them. I just put some of them in a bowl so that you guys could see them a little bit better. But once I pulled that meat off of the ham hocks, I let the beans continue to simmer for another hour and that broth is so thick, so savory. The meat is tender like butter and the beans are nice and creamy. I hope you all enjoyed this video. If you did, please make sure to give us a thumbs up. We'd love for you to share the video. If you have not subscribed to our channel, we definitely love to have you. Thanks so much for watching and we'll see you all next time.


Fog computing is a distributed computing paradigm which brings the cloud closer to IoT devices. It offers faster response times and higher quality than traditional cloud computing, making it ideal for providing efficient and secure services for many IoT users. This paper reviews the current state of fog computing and its integration with the IoT, highlighting the benefits and challenges associated with this technology. Additionally, the paper discusses the architecture of the fog and emerging IoT applications that can benefit from its use. Finally, open issues and future research directions related to fog computing and the IoT are presented. This article was authored by Haney F. Adlam, Robert J. Walters, and Gary B. Wills.


We're all in Stephon, started creating Julia in 2009. It's great to be here. Thank you all for coming. And also thanks to Shashi for suggesting the topic for my talk. So I'm going to talk about why Julia is fast. People talk about performance in relation to Julia all the time. So I'm going to try to delve into that a bit. So ultimately, how does performance work? I mean, ultimately I think the speed of everything is kind of limited by the laws of physics. There's a speed, there's a light speed limit, right? And there's some, you know, for say your car, there's some theoretical maximum speed that can go dictated by physics. And also your CPU, there is a theoretical maximum rate in which it can do operations. So talking about performance actually, I think it's much easier to ask, instead of asking why is it fast, to ask why would it be slow? Because why aren't we just getting the maximum speed that we can get? You know, why doesn't everything just go at light speed? How come I can't drive 100 miles an hour all the time? Right, so I think that's an easier way to answer the question. So what causes these kinds of slowness? And my answer is going to be it's various forms of uncertainty is what causes slowness. It's something to do with not knowing what's going to happen, having to respond to many possibilities rather than just doing the one thing that you want to do, having to deal with many, many, you know, irrelevant things is what really slows you down. So as an example, here's something that's slow, right? This is really, really slow if you're sitting in this. And why is this slow?  The person in front of you could just stop, someone could run into the street, someone could turn. All these things could happen at any time. You don't know what's going to happen. So you have to proceed very carefully to watch for all these things and check for them all the time. Right, that's why this is slow. And I think the exact same thing happens in programming languages. Instead of just doing the one thing you want to do, systems often end up having to check for lots of possibilities all the time. So in the extreme case of that in programming is if you run in an interpreter. So an interpreter is a program that takes a program as its input, and it also takes the input to that program, and it runs the program that you give it as it reads it. You know, you're feeding it the input data as it goes. So in this kind of execution, you're sort of constantly rechecking the program. You know, see maybe a change, you know, as it goes through a loop and repeats it each time. It rereads the code every time, right? Oh, maybe this time around the loop, you know, something different will happen. Maybe it'll change the program, you know, with I equals 10. No, it's still the same program. Well, with I equals 11, maybe it's going to be different. No, it's still the same program. But it has to waste its time, you know, re-under, re-interpreting and re-figuring out what the code should do. So in this kind of a system, this is sort of the maximum dynamism you could get. You could change anything about the program at any time. But you know, really how often do you need that? You don't change your program all that often.  And while it's running, it's not changing, right?  You might want something like this, but in general you don't always need this. You don't need your program to be changing constantly. At some point it's fixed and you want to just run it, right? So that's sort of the most extreme example of sort of unnecessary uncertainty about what's going to happen at runtime. But then there are more, you know, more fine-grained sources of this uncertainty program as it runs. So, you know, a variable might start out as a value of one type and then based on some condition, you might change its value to something else. Its value certainly is going to change. You know, in the dynamic language like Python or Julia, even the type of variable could change. It could be integer, and now, you know, under some condition, I change it to a string.  So it doesn't know what it could return. Maybe now it returns an integer, but maybe the next time I call it, it will return something else. So there's uncertainty from there. There's a lot of uncertainty that comes from manipulating data structures. If I'm looking at a data structure, well, maybe somebody else is also looking at that data structure. I look at it once, but then while I'm doing something else, they might change it. So the next time I look at it, I have to, you know, check it again, you know, reload information from it. You know, even though it might not have actually changed, but you have to sort of allow for the possibility that that could have happened. So that's the source of overhead. So all these kinds of variations and updates, you know, you have to be able to reason about when those can happen. In the language and compiler in particular, reason about when those kinds of things can happen to try to cut out this kind of overhead. But it's interesting. So there are a couple of what I consider kind of important informal results in the world of programming about what happens. A lot of people have studied dynamic language programs like in Ruby and Python. There are a lot of papers about studying their behavior and people have found that in general, these programs are not as dynamic as people think. There's always a lot of regularity. Even though the system is designed to allow all kinds of runtime variation, it doesn't actually happen. In reality, people process the same types of things over and over again. So even when people use the more dynamic features, they tend to occur in the code, but they don't necessarily happen often at runtime. And so also, if you think about, you know, the idea of an inner loop, like a performance critical loop, it tends to be repetitive. And in fact, I think even saying that, it's hard to say in a way that doesn't sound like a tautology. Of course, it's a repetitive thing. It's the inner loop. It's a performance critical high iteration count loop. It's almost certainly doing something very similar on each iteration. That's just a very common pattern. So there really isn't all that much variation at runtime in running programs. So we can exploit that. So there are now a lot of systems that actually can run programs in dynamic language. It's very, very fast. JavaScript JITs are a especially good example. And they basically exploit these kinds of findings. So there's a lot of spurious uncertainty. There's, you know, in general, you think you can't predict what's going to happen, but in reality, you really can. So like one I learned about yesterday is that when you're driving through the street, there really isn't any reason to slow down because the pedestrian's going to get out of the way, right?   So that's sort of, you know, that's how that works in traffic. But the same thing can happen in programs. A lot of these systems will just, you know, okay, I know in general I might not know what's going to happen in this loop, but let's just assume the best case. Let's just assume it's going to be really easy and repetitive and generate code for that and then run that and then try to back out and slam on the brake at the last minute. That doesn't turn out to work. So that's sort of the first category. And then that can only get you so far. You can get really big speed-ups from doing that. I'll show an example, but to really get to the next level and get even more performance, you have to try to remove some more uncertainty. So this is played out recently in JavaScript execution engines. JavaScript is a really dramatic example. It's a very, very dynamic language. It has this very flexible object model where every object can have any fields and you can change the fields in any way you want at any time. It doesn't even have classes, right? You can just stuff in anything to any object at any point, right? It's super dynamic. So it's a very hard case for this. But nevertheless, the jits here, these are times on this graph. So the blue and red bars are kind of the state-of-the-art JavaScript jits which use these optimistic, speculative optimizations. And indeed, you get really good performance from that. So there's a comparison here. The little yellow orange bar is the time for highly optimized Z-code to run these things. And JavaScript with these optimizations can get within a factor of 5 to 20x. And that's 5 to 20x more or less the fastest code you can get. So that's actually really good performance considering what's happening. But that's not quite enough, right? We don't want to be 5x slower. We want to be 1x slower, right? So there's been this project that takes us to the next level, this ASM.js thing. And they have the green bar, right? So they sprinkled some extra magic dust here and they actually get this down to within a factor of 2 of Z-code. And once you get to within a factor of 2 I think a lot of other factors come into play. At that point it might be just a matter of details of instruction selection and instruction scheduling can account for a factor of 2. So at that point there might not be anything left for their compiler to do except sort of routine optimizations. So how do they do that? So this is what they did to get down from 5 to 20x slower to just 2x slower. What they did was write in these little or zeros on lots of expressions in the JavaScript program. And that's a very clever hack that basically exploits the fact that that bar operator is an integer bitwise operator that only produces in 32s, 32 integers in JavaScript. So this is basically a way to force every result to be in 32. In this example it doesn't look too bad but in a bigger piece of code there's just or zero on everything. You have to put it everywhere. But when you do that and then if you write your JavaScript engine to sort of recognize that and exploit it correctly you can get very fast register size operations from all of these. So they do that and then they also add typed vibrates. So just a raise of bytes to life memory. And once you have those two things you basically have what I would call a C machine. You have effectively a processor that can run a language like C where you have an array that's the memory and you have 32 bit registers and you have arithmetic and you can do whatever you want. And indeed once they have that in JavaScript they have actually compiled huge programs, even 3D games. They compile to this and they can run it and you can get great performance. They have these amazing demos of 3D games running in the browser using this. So this is kind of surprising. So it's cool that you take a step back and I kind of go what is going on here. So we had this very high level object oriented language and we just suddenly we seem to have just thrown it all away and now we just have 32 integers and vibrates and everybody loves it because now we can have 3D games and all this crazy stuff in the browser. So how is it a revelation to have 32 integers? Does the whole world go crazy? What is going on here? And I think what this means really to me is that it's really important to have efficient abstractions. You have to have something very efficient in the language. I think this is a traumatic example of that. Just adding a little bit of the efficient building blocks that you need to something. Once you have those efficient pieces in there you can also add a little bit of the process on top of it rather than trying to start with something very high level. So in Julia essentially our approach is just to have a much more general version of that or zero thing. So we just generalize that essentially. I think historically it didn't happen in that order that we weren't directly influenced by this or anything but that's kind of what's happening. So what's the more general version of that look like? So first of all instead of having just or zero that implicitly needs in 32 we want to have a whole vocabulary of these data types available. So in this case I mean types in the sense of data types like what size number you have. So you want to have a general combinatorial vocabulary of those. And then once you have that you can have assertions and convergence. So you can declare that something has to be of a certain type or you can convert something to a certain type. So where they have or zero we would just say convert to in 32. And then clearly any other type could go where the in 32 goes. And the other thing you can do with that is have basically typed storage locations. So you can have a location in an array or an object that has a type attached to it somehow. So that every time someone stores to it or to be converted to that type.  So that sort of makes programs much more predictable. And then the last ingredient is to try to move a lot of program behavior into type based dispatch. So Julia is based on multiple dispatch. Everything is a generic function. You write essentially when you're writing your libraries you write multiple definitions for every function and you can just say what all the argument types are to make a certain definition apply. And because that has a lot of flexibility because you can talk about the types of all the arguments. The types have this combinatorial nested structure that's very expressive. So that lets you actually move a fair amount of program behavior into a regular type based system that's very easy to statically analyze. So doing things that way instead of with a lot of explicit logic and branches basically makes the program behavior more predictable to a compiler. So one of the Julia contributors Oscar Blumberg sort of summed this up nicely once he said, it's designed to make easy to write programs that are easy to statically analyze. And this is really what we're about. So Julia actually right now does not have a lot of the really fancy just-in-time compiler optimizations like a JavaScript engine has. If you sort of try to write JavaScript style code in Julia we will run it much slower than the V8 JavaScript engine does. Our answer is just to say just put a few type declarations in a couple of places and you get all the performance so you might as well just do that. But then the really neat thing though is that using type inference we don't require you to actually put types everywhere. Essentially what happens is somebody writes a type somewhere once and it just sort of propagates through the system. I can start by saying give me a 32 to begin and then everywhere I pass that if I pass it to the plus operator or some function that makes a raise that type just basically flows to all of those places and now I know all of that code those are all in 32s and it just automatically propagates so you don't need to write the type again everywhere. Compiler can do that for you. But at some point someone has to write the type. That's sort of the key. So as a bit more detail how this plays out there have been sort of traditionally two ways to represent data structures. There was the sort of the dynamic language way which is what was done in the list, the Python the core Python language not having no pi of course but everything is a pointer basically. This gives you the most dynamism possible since everything is a pointer which is a pointer to anything at any time. You have this sort of ultimate flexibility and then the language like C has much more sophisticated control of remembering layout it's much more complicated in a way because you have to talk about where are all the bits and bytes in great detail and all of that is mostly handled with compile time so you have this more complicated type system with compile time but faster run time and if I think for a long time you know an inherent dichotomy basically exactly part of the two language dichotomy that Stefan talked about in his talk you know depending on which whether you're in an assistance language or a scripting language you pick which one to use. But I think a sort of interesting piece of wisdom has accumulated gradually that's revealed I think that the dynamic language everything is just really not right it's just not optimal and this is a really nice paper that's kind of about that storage strategies for collections like dynamically typed languages this recent paper that basically showed that you really don't want that everything is a pointer style of representing things even in Python you don't want it and what they basically did they modified the PyPyGit basically what they did was add strongly typed representations for all the data structures under the hood so they added the ability to have 32 bit int array and a float array and all that kind of stuff underneath not exposed in the language the language was still just Python so they would represent things that way within the system and then just put a wrapper on top of it that gave you the Python interface to it so that involves a lot of extra complexity there's some extra dispatching that you can use to code for different arrays and sometimes you have to actually switch the representation of something something starts as an int array and then someone stores a string to it they have to change the representation so there's a lot of overhead and it's more complicated but amazingly enough it actually turns out to be worth it so even having the extra complexity specializing the storage of the data structures is such a big deal it's so useful for performance that it actually ends up being worth it to do at the end of the day the doing everything as a pointer thing is just wrong it's just not the right thing to do and in Julia I think was kind of designed to exploit this from the beginning but this paper has some very nice substantiating evidence for this here's an example of mechanically of how this works this would be loosely what would happen inside the storage strategy system and this is what happens inside Julia so in the middle there we have some memory location so this would be one of our typed locations so I have 16 bits and then somewhere there is a tag that says these 16 bits it's not going to be stored here it's going to be stored somewhere else the fact that it's 16 bit might actually only exist in compile time so that's just somehow attached to it and then we have operations that happen to this location there are stores and loads on the left and right and then there are cases where we're dealing with and we don't know what types we're dealing with so if we're generating code for the case where we have to know the types of everything of course it's very fast we have a 16 bit and we know we're storing it to a location that's 16 bits so we can just do something very fast and store it directly the same thing on the loading side if we're starting with data that we don't know that much about in that case we'll probably have some sort of boxed object like a heap allocated thing that will have a tag on it and then we sort of check the tag we check that it matches yes this is an in 16 that's good and then we have to load the data out of that and then put it in that location so there are a couple extra steps it's not too horribly slow but there's a little extra indirection there just a little bit of extra work and then finally when we if we're going to load something out of this location but we're putting the data in a place where we don't know the type then we have to actually box it because the server isn't prepared to receive exactly in 16 so we have to actually keep allocate a box for it in that situation so that is slow so that's sort of the one bad case the good thing about that case is that the box that we allocate is probably very ephemeral and ephemeral ephemeral garbage objects are actually pretty cheap so if that box is unreferenced very quickly then this actually isn't that bad but this is definitely the slow case what you see here is that you get one case that's kind of awash and you get two cases that are very very fast and then there's just one case that's bad so overall I think this turns out to be worth it it's basically what happens and this is actually this exact same scheme for this exact same scheme for specializing stuff we use the same idea for code actually as for data so in the case of data there's this idea that there's some function from a type to memory layout so starting with this in 16th thing you can find out that it's two bytes it needs two byte alignment and so on and for more complicated types there'd be more information about the sizes and offsets of everything inside of it and similarly for code starting with types you can generate machine code from that and in that case the function is a lot more complicated you have to do type inference and code generation basic ideas that some the types imply what the code has to be or the type implies what the data layout has to be and then in the data case where we have full type information you know we can do the direct store and load similarly for code if we know exactly what's happening we can do a direct call or we can even inline the code that you're calling so that's the same same pattern where in the case of data where we don't have good type information we have to box or unbox values and case of code that we're supposed to do in the dynamic dispatch but I don't know what I have and there's going to have to be some runtime lookup so there's a very very parallel structure here so overall in a system like this you get a pattern of there's specialized things and then you have occasionally there's this sort of more dynamic dispatch that goes on around it so you have sort of a dynamic glue around vision data structures or around fast compute kernels if you take a step back that's really very similar to the design of something like NumPy or MATLAB where you have a lot of pre-written fast compute kernels and then you do kind of dynamic dispatch on top of that so it's really a very similar pattern but the key difference is since this is sort of part of our language from the beginning there's no you don't have to tiously, manually separate which part is going to be in a kernel you don't have to you know systems like NumPy people have to say okay we're going to have this function this is going to be written in C and some part is written in Python you have to sort of each time you have to manually decide which thing goes where and then every time you do that you have to sort of figure out what the interface is going to be how is the high level program going to end up calling the fast thing underneath that's sort of rethought every time in our case it's basically just the types the interface is the type you can dispatch to the fast thing that handles it you know in every case and also in the when you do it the manual way you can actually end up being slower even in the dynamic case because you sometimes need multiple layers of dispatch so if this happens in NumPy for example when you do certain NumPy calls first there will be a Python method invocation which is one dynamic dispatch and then NumPy has its own dispatch tables to pick among its various compute kernels where you know and then where we can do this with just one dispatch because the one dispatch system we have is good enough to handle all of that and this kind of pattern of the dynamic dispatch over the fast code happens in a bunch of domains I think numerical computing is a big one where basically you have a lot of important compute kernels like matrix multiply where the computation inside the kernel is very very regular but sometimes selecting a kernel to run is a very irregular process and I think this also happens in the database systems where you often have dynamic schemes where you don't know the schema until run time but once you know the schema you could do something very efficient potentially we'll just show a really quick example of that let's see is it showing everything? yeah it's not I'm going to show it even more alright so what I did here just to sort of simulate this kind of dynamic situation so I created an IO buffer which just simulates some kind of a data source and then I just serialized a couple of types into it just to pretend we had something like stored on disk that tells you what the type is now what I can do in my program here at run time I can say what those types are and make a tuple type from them and then you can immediately do things with that so here I constructed this type from the data I created you can see it becomes a tuple type we can see it takes up 8 bytes and I can right away start doing things with it I can convert some other type of tuple to that type so this type thing gives you sort of a common currency once you have this and you can sort of you can spend it anywhere you can do anything in the system with it in fact just to show what happens we can say code LLVM for that convert operation I did and it will show you the LLVM code that we generated you can see we actually we get specialized code here the returns the returns and I8 and N32 just like we expect and it takes an I64 and a double since that's the argument that I gave it so basically you would get this code generated internally you gain access to it automatically just by having this type and when you construct the type and you call convert this code might be generated right then and there on demand or it might be pre-existing so if this code already existed it would just find it and run it every possible cache you can see this generates a check for overflow but then this generates very specialized code it's quite compact and so you can actually take this a bit farther that's really big now I won't bother with that okay so these I'm a little bit loose with the terminology so when I talk about these types you typically think of data types like numeric types like I832 but actually you can put a lot more information in them so you can almost put arbitrary values into what we call our types in Julia so you can actually specialize code on many many things so intuitively you have to generate specialized code for a different data type because for example the CPU has different instructions for integer operations and floating point operations so you can need different code in that case but there are cases where you need different code for all kinds of different situations and different integer value for instance so here's a function specialized for an integer 2 so this is how a function that applies another function to the numbers 1 and 2 so this is specialized for the case where n equals 2 and we're 3 then we need to do f of 1, f of 2, f of 3 and this kind of situation actually happens pretty often in mathematical computing where you need to actually generate sometimes very different code based on an integer parameter and people have used this very productively in the Julia world so this gives you kind of an interface to specialize code generation it's pretty general alright but despite that some things in Julia are still slow so right now actually higher order functions passing functions to other functions and using anonymous functions actually don't perform very well I'm working on


On the road, on our Wal-Mart to Wal-Mart tours, we don't get much entertainment. And what we do, we're watching Trucker Josh, you should too. Flatbed Trucking, Sam rides. Tell them all about it, Sam. Tell them they're on your road. Tell them. Tell them, Sam. Tell them how it is. There you go.  Got to be calm, I'm still sleeping. Got the rock and roll shades on. Got the seatbelt on. Weasel, hey, you want to be a part of this? We're going to rock and roll. Hey, fine, sleep. Somebody's got to do some work around here.  I'll put you in neutral. There you go. There you are. I've got a new steer tire on here. And I've also got my new E-LOG system on here, which is very interesting. It's a whole new setup here. Take a look at this. I guess you can't really see it because of the glare of the sun, but my whole new E-LOG system. Hopefully it doesn't confuse me too bad. I'm just going to make sure I have my fast card with me so that we can get across the border. There you go. There's the fast card. I want paper work up here. I want to get this truck detailed soon. I'm not as good at detailing it. I can detail it all I want. It's never as good as when someone who actually does it for a living does it. I guess that kind of makes sense. All right. You have 13 hours and zero minutes of remaining drive time. Do you hear that? She's got kind of a nice voice, doesn't she? Oh, I think we're going to be good friends. Check this out. Let's try it again. You have 13 hours and zero minutes of remaining drive time. Too loud, too loud, too loud. Okay, we've got to find the right volume, right where her and I can communicate the best with each other. Okay, how about that? You have 13 hours and zero minutes of remaining drive time. What's that buzzing? Maybe one less? One less, okay. How about that? Well, thank you. My new friend who doesn't have a name yet. I usually turn the volume right off on the e-log. I don't need it telling me what it can show me right on the screen. It shows it in big numbers, right on the screen that I have 13 hours left here on Canadian Hours of Service. You don't really have to tell me, but... You know, your voice is a nice change from Mandy's. No offense, Mandy. I get kind of tired of you after a while.  I'm saving up for a new GPS, shall I tell you? Mandy and I are going to part ways. We've been together for like 10 years. Yeah, sometimes, you know, sometimes you just got to move on to the newer models. All right, let's get out of here. I don't know what I'm trying to do here. Is that everything ready? Is that everything ready? Ready, ready, ready, ready, ready. Coffee. Okay, we had a little short delay with this new e-log system already. It already wasn't working right. I started driving and it wouldn't kick me into drive. It would just say I was in off duty. So I turned around and went back to the yard, the headquarters of the company that works with this e-log, and we figured out that it's not registering that my ignition is even on. So for all it knows, I'm getting towed across the country. It didn't even register that the ignition was on. So we checked all the wiring. All the wiring was good. Couldn't figure that out.  That wouldn't work. So eventually we went to the solution that fixes practically 99% of all the world's problems. We rebooted it. We just unplugged it and plugged it back in. It's now working just fine. That is how you fix everything. That's how I fix most things.  That's exactly on my first trip with this new e-log system. I mean the rules are still the same unfortunately. But this whole computer, I used to have the computer part up here, the screen up here and the brain was in the back underneath my bunk.  All in one. So it's a lot more compact and smaller. I think it's going to be a better system. I like it. So far it's easier to work with so far other than the initial having to reboot it. E-logs and E-logs, either way I don't like it. But I've got to be careful on these roads now. My usual route across to Highway 75, which takes me to the US border, it's spring restrictions right now and I can't go there with a full load. I think it's set at 90% axle weights and I'm pretty much at 100%. I don't want to risk a ticket going across there. So we've got to go all the way down to St. Pierre, past St. Pierre to Highway 23. And then take that across, that'll shoot us out at Morris, Manitoba and then we turn south on the 75, which then turns into the I-29 in the US. I want to make it to Black River Falls tonight. That's the goal. That'll be a full day's drive. It's about 900 kilometers or 550 miles or so. I've got to be there by midnight so that I can get going by 10 o'clock because I have an appointment right next door to there at 10.30 tomorrow morning. So the latest I can arrive is midnight otherwise I'm going to be late for my appointment. I have to stop for my 10 hours or my E-log won't let me. It'll get mad at me if I move. I can still move the truck.  I don't want that. Then I get a phone call. Then they tell me I've been a very bad boy and then I don't want to be a bad boy. I don't really know what would happen. I've never actually driven out of service before. I've never actually broken that law. I don't know what would happen. All I know is they get an email and then they call me and I don't know. Maybe I'm sure there'd be some kind of punishment. Maybe incremental punishments. Maybe because it's my first offense. Maybe I'd get a smack on the wrist. Maybe they give me a smack in the face. I don't know. I don't know. Maybe it'd be like World War III, apocalypse. I'd rather not find out. I'm working with the head cam here every now and then. I like this view a lot better than just you guys sitting on my dash. Sort of get to see what I'm looking at. A little bit better. So we're between Grand Forks Fargo and Dakota right now at its south. Interstate 29 that we're rolling over. We've still got a long ways to go. According to the GPS there we got 691 kilometers. That's 7 hours of driving. So I'm guessing that's about 400 and some miles. I'm liking this new a new ELD system, electronic log device. So far it seems to be working very well. I mean it's exactly like the other one. It just looks a little bit more fancy. A little nicer. Not much to show you guys so I mean like look at this. Though a lot of you probably live in areas that are nothing like this so maybe this is interesting to you. But this is what I grew up around. I lived just north of here, just across the border and it's exactly the same. Flatlands, farmers everywhere.  It looks like all these fields have been seeded already. That one over there to the right has been seeded. The one to the left has not even been cultivated yet. That was corn last year. Okay so we'll probably plow that up or cultivate it soon and plant a late crop in there unless if they're just planning on leaving it. That'd be a lot of land just to let sit for a whole year. It's a lot of lost money. I don't know. I'm not a farmer myself so I don't really know what they have planned. I helped out on a farm growing up. We sort of lived on a farm. It wasn't ours but you know I helped out on that farm for a few seasons while we lived there and I learned a little bit about the whole seeding process and harvesting and it was a lot of fun. I was a little too young to fully understand the grasp of everything that was going on so I didn't quite get it. Those were also my teenage years which like any other teenager were a little bit troubled but I mean not nearly as bad as some but I went through some stuff who has it right? I'm 31 years old now so I'm pretty well pulled out of all that and well on my life path but yet I used to think 31 was old that everyone who is over 30 must have everything together in their lives already. Nah, that's not the case. I'm 31.  Don't get me wrong. I am happy with where I am in my job, my career, my marriage but you still feel like the same way you did when you were 21 in a way. I feel like I still got so much to learn and so much so much that I don't know, right? There's a lot to learn and I don't think you ever stop learning. What do you figure, Diesel? Time to go outside? It's definitely time for me to go in there and get a coffee. We're in Rostey, Minnesota our regular stop What exit is this at again? You guys, I've said it many times before I can't think of it right now. I'm a little bit tired. I didn't sleep too well last night and I wasted this whole morning with this new E-LOG trying to get it to work properly and now we're just stopped here for our half hour break I'm going to walk the weasel, run in there grab a few things for myself and we still got to get all the way into Wisconsin tonight yet another almost six hours. Excuse me. Oh boy. So this is what we got behind us just 14 14 bundles of 2x6 economy lumber 2x6 by 10 feet and then my tarps at the back there Diesel, let's go this way a little bit closer over there not quite too far of a walk not that I'm being lazy today but we really honestly don't have time for another about 21 minutes until my half hour break is done and I don't want to waste another minute I only get back on the road I have to make sure I get to my destination tonight. Pardon me tonight so that I can take my 10 hours and deliver on time tomorrow you see this corn field here as small as it is this has been cultivated and plowed up already I don't know what that other farmer was waiting for before but what do I know I'm not a farmer I'm a trucker not a farmer diesel you almost done there bud come on find a good spot man find a good spot I trust your judgment there that's a good that's your tree now we won't watch that's weird good boy I just love springtime so much all this new life everything's turning green I just love it on some of these economy lumber loads that aren't wrapped or tarped or anything you see on the top there those are still doing fine there but you've got to be careful because the center piece is sometimes like to wiggle out like that and with the smaller boards especially like the 2x2's or the 2x4's even likes to happen a little bit more often you've got to be very careful I'm pretty sure that this used to be a Tessero not too long ago the Tessero fuel stop now it's an Oracle guess they changed that in the last few months even down here in Minneapolis Minnesota the sun stays up quite long after 9 o'clock in the evening here now in the sky it's still pretty light further up north in Canada the northern sky at this time of year doesn't even go dark and if you go all the way up to northern Canada the sun doesn't even set same as Alaska I love this time this is my favorite time we're coming up on my favorite month I keep forgetting but every time it rolls around I remember June my favorite month weather wise I mean everything is so green it's so warm the days are super long daylight hours not too bad of bugs out yet everybody's all excited because we've been cooped inside all winter and we're finally able to go outside and enjoy camping and swimming the lakes start warming up to the point where you can swim in them towards the end of June and you know you got all summer ahead of you yet and it's not too hot you know once you get into summer like July and August it gets really hot up in our part of Canada like really like 100 degrees Fahrenheit hot and humid but then end of August it gets really dry I mean we get everything and then we go back down to winter where we have Christmas the best time of the year and then after that we have hell if hell was cold down to minus 50 minus 60 it's just such a roller coaster of life living in Manitoba regarding the weather it's just nuts we get everything but there's no place like home well it is that season we were just talking about it we were using the other name for it before the summertime it's also known as construction season as you know in Wisconsin there's no exception see what I don't understand is like they block off a lane here for like 20 miles yet they only work on about maybe one or two miles at a time my question is why don't you just block off the section of road that you're working on maybe even that week instead of blocking off a whole lane for 20 to 30 40 miles and then not work on there's nobody working here the flashing works light over there what are you doing you're just probably sitting there doing nothing he's just setting up cones and stuff for no reason there's no actual construction going on here they're setting up cones I'll never get that and they couldn't put them like in the other lane either they gotta put it partly into our lane so we gotta drive on the shoulder oh dude you almost hit the cone the guy in front of me he was like half an inch from that cone just pulling into the rest area here in Menominee Wisconsin looks like people are parked way out here on the shoulder already which usually means that the rest area is probably full hopefully there's a spot for us I figured I'd start looking here it's pretty late already it's 10 to 11 I could park right there yeah I could park right here right by the light why not yep this is our spot for tonight truck off the road and right in by this guy no I'm gonna keep going I don't like this spot tilted too much I'll find another one hopefully I don't like it that it's right around a corner like that people might drag their trailer into my truck that way okay okay nice that this guy over here to park so far away from that guy could have fit another truck in there you guys are just tighten up a little bit alright is there room at the Infra-Trucker Josh and the weasel come on tell me you saved a spot for us come on oh there's a spot up there off to the right I like that right in front of this ASL guy asshole ASL right in here beautiful there's no no parking signs is there okay well we're gonna hang up the imaginary park here trucker Josh signs and make ourselves at home right here beautiful okay yep we're gonna leave these windows rolled up oh it stinks like pee out there oh but somebody just dumped their sewer into the ditch right there or what diesel your poor nose 100 times more sensitive than mine shut her down oh that feels so good oh my hair's falling out though I probably shouldn't do that okay let's do the new e-log nope nope nope nope that's not what I want hey no no no no no I'm in the sleeper berth sleeper berth there you go okay see 10 hours from right now we can get going or we can start our pre-trip which will be pretty much at 9 o'clock and I gotta be there for 10 30 it's gonna be pretty close but we can do it we can do it right diesel we can do it hey well I gotta walk you so plug your nose buddy it stinks out here guys like there's a bathroom this is a rest area they provide this is not just a rest area this is an American rest area running water and flushing toilets that way it really isn't that hard it's amazing how good they have it down here how wonderful it is for them and they still don't use the toilets they still just pee out in the parking lot on their tires or just off beside their truck it's why I see it so often at like American truck stops and American rest areas not all the time not too often but every you know once in a while I see it I'm just like you have no idea how good you have it man I would love it if we had flushing toilets in our rest areas in western Canada Manitoba actually does but Alberta like Alberta of all places they just have like a hole in the ground with a little hut built around it that's their rest area and people still use it I shouldn't sound like I'm complaining I'm just going off on a little rant to get you to chuckle a little bit as I think it's kind of funny in a way shake your head like come on people but that's the end of today's vlog anyways let's end it on that note isn't that a great note to end it on I'm so sorry I hope you still feel like tuning in tomorrow I promise we won't talk about it all day I'll have to remember that I promise not to talk about it in the morning if it makes me accountable I have a forgetful brain I'll try my best to remember not to talk about the smell in the morning this is why people think we're disgusting dirty greasy trackers because of this smell oh yep yep oh have a good night everybody we'll see you in the morning


Root resorption may occur as a result of orthodontic treatment. This article was authored by Armstrong David, Carbunda OMP, Petoxpeter and others.