And we'll go once again to the breakfast on Plastivia Africa at 8 a.m. And of course, we're going straight into our first major conversation for today. We're going to be speaking on the NSAS protest one year after a memorial that has started since the first of October. Of course, we've also been seeing the events in the build-up to today. There's also conversations that we'll be having concerning the panel of inquiry that was set up across states in the country. And of course, you know, the conversations concerning why there is that many police personnel currently stationed at the Lekitogui. We're speaking this morning with the lead counsel to the NSAS protestors, Adishino Gunlana. Thank you very much. Good morning to you, sir. Good morning, sir. Good morning. Good morning. Good morning. Thanks for joining us. So I want us to start with, before we get into talking about the panel, let's first of all start with what it feels like seeing, because I've seen a lot of pictures and videos of police personnel headed towards the toll gate, police personnel stationed at the toll gate, water cannons and whatnot this morning. So let's get your reactions to that. What that really tells you and what picture that paints for you? Well, thank you so much. I think the reality is that the police have lent very little. It's an unnecessary show of bravura. It's quite unnecessary. It's even unintelligent. I'm not just running them down or being salty, but it's the truth.  Why do you deploy what you call policemen, scores upon scores and advance and not what they told the gate? Why? In fact, they are the one creating tension. Like you said, we are marking it today since October 1. Has there been violence? No, nothing. In fact, why it is unnecessary? Is there an end source protest now? No. The reasons for the protest last year and even three years before, they are not existing now. What these gentlemen, protesters and ladies are saying is that we want to commemorate a month. That's all. So what's the basis? And what you will expect from any informed and reasonable police force or security chief is to even have gained the convenience of these youths over the past 12 months. And like the past three weeks, we'll have been interacting with them. We'll have been sitting on the same podium. We are your friends. Maybe that was misunderstanding and all that kind of a thing. And gentlemen, what you are saying is that you may wish to visit anywhere, but don't impede traffic. Don't disturb people from going to their local business. Usually you want to place flowers and everything. Yes. Occasionally, we inconvenience ourselves and check service on Sunday, but everybody understands and is not going to last forever and that kind of a thing. And then there could be a setback. There could be a problem. But it's the way you now operate intelligently, the dynamics. You can even become very good friends.  But if both of you are reasonable, you turn it around. And we get to say, oh, okay, so this is how they saw it. And they themselves say, oh, so this is how we've been young before. It's understandable. Young people are always idealistic. They think they can get it one day and that kind of a thing. And so that's what I respect. An intelligent, informed police force. Who would the name force? How can you actually be a force? Nigerian police is enough. Who would have done? And you know what they are missing it and have been seeing it as an axiom for years. You see, the strength of the police is not in the gargetry. It's not in the gargetry. It's not in the weapons. The strength of the police is intelligence. And that will get the intelligence cooperation of the people. Once you get the cooperation of the people, everything becomes easy. When people cooperate with you and you are law enforcing agents, it becomes easy that the one who whispered to you, ah, this is happening here. It's just like in any organization, when the leader is loved. I mean, life is easier for him. The same thing with parents, even in our homes. So what we are having here is that you now deploy people there so that it becomes even egoistic and chauvinistic and very, very backward and primitive, unnecessary. Young people will always be young people. If you go to universities that are not restive, you see that, go and look at the administration. These are either the student affairs department or the branches close to the students. You relate with them. You go to their hostel. You want to listen to them. You are not going to assume that because somebody is wearing a jeans and is doing his hand like this. That means he is unreasonable. And so we must deal with him. You want to understand him. What is he talking about? And you see people have merits. Was there no police brutality? There was. Was there no excessive? In fact, we have been vindicated in that at the panel. All these are words that we are giving. It is not in respect of looking like he is shooting. In fact, this quantum of petitions that succeeded was in excess of 80%. Go ahead and talk about the panel and how far we have come with the panel. A lot of people have described it as a failed effort at healing any of the wounds and giving justice to those who are affected by police brutality in the last couple of years. I remember, like you mentioned, it started in 2017. The first seeming protest against police brutality started in 2017. In response to the events on October 20th last year, the government then went ahead to set up those panels. Share your thoughts with us on that one. How successful would you say they have been? Thank you so much. I would like to say first of all that I am one, two-lead counsel. I am one for a part. The other lead counsel is Mr. Lee with different secrecy and for the other group of protesters. That's one. Then two, I will speak very competently on the ones that are legal. Probably that's the largest and the busiest panel. If somebody says that panel has not achieved anything in respect of redressing the injuries and all that or the aggrieved feelings, injured feelings, I do respect, disagree with the person. I was there. You see, the panel did something. The suspended strict adherence to the law of evidence. They insisted that we are in fact finding a panel who are not a regular court and that gives latitude for information to come in. And under the leadership of the justice, there is a court. Except somebody who is extremely malicious. There's no way you can say you are not giving free hands to present your case to the best of your ability or to the ability of your lawyers. That's one. Then two, the evaluation of the facts are correct. Whether it was the legal state government now who now give the money or whether federal government, I should like to say that this was a good gesture. No money actually is enough for life.  But you know the symbolism. It's almost novel. Even when you go to the courts generally, you have a problem. If it's criminal action, you hardly get compensated. The assailant may get locked up and all that. Then two, if it was civil actions like fundamental human rights, it's like in dreamland. You get the money in theory, the award in theory, but in practice getting the police to pay is like passing an elephant, not a camel through a needle. So, but where you have an institution here, where hours are made and promptly paid, show you understand. And maybe, probably should have added to it that the police should issue apology. But it's a start. And I think many of the people who came, I wouldn't want to call them beneficiaries. Many of them who came appeared not dissatisfied. I'm not saying they are excited or very happy, but at least it's better than nothing. Especially those who are injured people, their eyes, their legs and everything and you are given 7.5 million, 5 million and it will help to have surgery and all that. And so it's not full, but it's better. Okay, but let's also look at other cases. For instance, the panel has actually rounded up. And in some cases like course river stage, for instance, there's no recommendation. So what should be the next step? What should be the next thing? Well, one thing is this as a lawyer. One is strange to comment on facts as properly evaluated. I should think the course river panel is also added by a judge, a retired judge or something. And I think, ordinarily, except where they do not find merit, it's possible that people do not prove their case properly. Because the case is thrown out too. Before this panel, there are cases rejected that no, it's not proved. It's not a cash cow, it's not a restaurant where you just give money. You need to prove your case. So it's not that when you come before a panel, at least you must establish your case so that somebody can defend it. But since I do not know why the panel arrived at that conclusion, I will not, I'm a bit surprised that there's no single recommendation, I'm not a lawyer. But in that particular case, let's just even stay, I understand the fact that you're trying to be safe, you're trying to stay. No, professional, not just safe, professional. But in a case like that, let's assume that that's true because it is true. What should be the next thing? What should be done? Because if you have, because if these persons are not able to say, yeah, there are cases where they would throw it out because they're not able to prove, there are no facts to all of that. So what should be done? Because I'm still sure that people are still grieved from all of this brutality or harassment that they have gone through. Let me try to use something. Please. We should always be fair to all sides. And that's what I try to stress at the panel. I would say fidelity or felicity. In fact, there are cases that are applied, even under the answers that should be drawn. I informed the panel that I had discovered in the course of my work that there were no victims of the answers protest that happened at Lechion 20. Myself. I told them. Were there victims of all the cases? But all that things were not, were not, you know, there's a proverb that says that you learn more the art of presenting your case than learning how to fight. Because all fights will end at resolution. If only you know how to fight, but you don't know how to present your case and you have to give you a window of opportunity. It's a different thing if the accusation is that the panel was on fear, what they call fear hearing or did not evaluate the facts properly. I mean, are we very strong on them. What if it's just a wishy-washy case? Maybe these people didn't engage the lawyers or maybe they didn't give the lawyers their fight. It was a matter I was doing before this panel. It was to my own shock it was that very money in defying the case that the client, I don't know why he secreted himself, he now brought up the x-ray. I was shocked. I didn't, we have had such cases, they didn't tell me, no people are funny.  You don't think about many people is that they come with sub-stories and exaggerate. So if you know you are very sure of your situation, go back to drum-butt and go to the regular court. Let's talk about in the time that you of course were part of the panel, what for you was the most shocking revelation or the most shocking thing that you learned or that you heard and this of course covers the 9th of October 2020, the presence of soldiers, reports that have of course the legacy government has continued to say false or exaggerated reports of killings and some of all of that. What shocked you the most? Nothing. That's the truth. Nothing shocked me because I know where we are coming from. But if it's not the parties that were cancelled for our opponents, I spectate some higher degree of felicity you know that the way we are trained we are supposed to put first the interest of justice first, then the second the dignity of the court. The other one is about clients supposed to be but it will appear that there are some side that wants to win at all cost and then the one that I find interesting or maybe shocking, not the military, the military turned to be covered they brought a general who was not an eyewitness the panel has them to bring the people that were there who brought in the troops they said if you bring general Umata who came to stop the carnage, at least to intervene to put a stop to it. But it didn't come to you. Even general Ndagi who is representative of the military on the security council didn't come and the other thing that was shocking and pervasive was that in the security council of Lagos state which included the governor the chief of staff the speaker, the secretary to the government of Lagos state the commissioner of police the DSS nobody came by Lagos state government sent in the head of civil service Mr. Akim what's his name now Murio Kula that was a civil servant he's not even the chief of staff he's not political he's not a security person so you are the chief of staff Kukum because he's a member of security council what do you call this person the secretary to government Kukum if you say the governor is too big constitutionally shielded these people didn't come another thing that I find amusing was the the LCC video even we as laymen we presented and we demonstrated before the panel that the uneven space of the we call it oscillation the rotation or the panel was uneven and you have came that this is an automatic thing it is automatic set you cannot have 50 seconds rotating now suddenly it's not become for 5 seconds of 3 minutes and then the forensic expert who examined it confirmed it in fact he said LCC has questions to answer and then another one that I find interesting is the police at least the military came and said we were at the end of the day we were there and said we were there because the governor I mean he saw the reality of what was going on that the police had no capacity again and invited that they were surprised that the governor would not be now this kind of a thing and then they said we came in with blank ammunition but admitted on the cross examination that they also came with a backup of live bullets now for the police the most and that's why I said I wonder at them because the scene officers these are educated educated people how can you come to the panel to say that on the 28th and on the 21st you were not at the at all and not only that that you were actually all of you the police station that has the jurisdiction all of you were in your station defending your station against being burnt and all that why do you do not know that story cannot hold government lawyer maybe innocently now has them present their arms diaries each station has it and everything and I only need to scrutinize and I found out and I pointed out in our address written address to the to the panel go to the 28th of October after about 33 policemen who were issued arms on that day only 12 or 13 stations that duty by the diaries all the others were posted out and included patrol patrol and this the DPR came to confidently tell the panel that all of us all of us were in our station the same time the 21st he claimed that the fact when I put the question to him so when did the military arrive I don't know whatever they did there I said so when did you get to know the next day in the evening through social media that's what a police chief was saying before the panel but the arms diaries again show on the 20th he said they didn't leave the arms diaries shows that on the 21st again only about 30 or 15 policemen were stationed at the diaries but their own hands all the others were posted out and also on patrols and we had given evidence through our witnesses not one, not two different ones that policemen wearing morphete were identified shooting people and our reports and I think one of your sisters print me that in premium times something did a big give a big story of that part of it we turned that before the panel so these are the things that if you ask me I won't say shock me but amuse me sadly because they are unnecessary this kind of a panel also supposed to be a kind of a truth a truth panel you know people do make mistakes people do make errors you know that in the oldest parents of these people who gave birth to people like me they believed that actually the child is their property they can dis simply you anyhow they can beat you anyhow and within the culture you can see call your children apologize I was sorry what I did to your mother when I was young I was drunk that I was not a believer we are supposed to this sense it does not mean you are perfect this sense is to admit error and like the gentleman of the cross those who are familiar with the story of the bible the gentleman of the right says we are entitled to this punishment that's a decent man and we did it this one is not Bola this one is not Jew this one is not Gentile the other man was being typically human he said if you are indeed decent you say save us we must be decent we must be decent we must be reasonable and decent to say all not to it a whole country that apologizes in Japan some people say we drop the bomb in Japan we own up do you think that with all of the facts and all of the evidences like you have rightly mentioned do you think there would be any sort of arrest or discipline prosecution afterwards we expect that we expect that part of their responsibility when you overhaul the situation like this look at this situation again that we noticed given the evidence given by the military that means we basically came to say that they were there at 6.45 not knowing that the coffee was to start by 9 that's huge you will be said as a supplementary force to help internet security and in fact you are a major stakeholder because the situation is like as if law is not as broken down so as at the time whether you are shooting like bullet whether you are shooting blank bullet your presence there was actually unlawful because you could not be called out to enforce a law that is operation and you could only be forced by 9 then the police said we were not there from the 14th we have left that place we don't even know what was happening when you begin to know is there a breakdown in communication that's awful if indeed that is the fact and you are not covering up that's very very awful and then secondly you see a mass of people assuming you even want to enforce a coffee within the rightful time do you do that by opening bullets let's say it's blank let's even say it's blank let's say it's blank as we are here somebody should throw banger ordinary banger people have robbed people with toys also you need to be a soviet trained person to know that this toy may be the way the person has to but if there is no nice civilians is this how you disperse people is this how you disperse people by shooting up and down and straight at them you don't do that no use of fair gas nothing and all that and these people are not armed they are not terrorists they are not bandits they are let's say their girls even at best even the evidence before the party the military and the police we saw them with guns the police only alluded some people were smoking through pure water at the governor things that are necessary to use this kind of quantum of force so how would expect the panel to take all this into consideration and to look at what is happening because you are supposed to be the people's police you are supposed to be the people's army you are not supposed to be their enemy I mean it's bad for the national national image of the country that would be for a country that cares about its national and international image because I remember that the president did respond when he eventually addressed the country then and said foreign nation should basically mind their business I want you to go further or briefly now to just share your thoughts on the seeming disregard for the panel by the police and the legal segment that you already mentioned that they almost didn't show up but there is a particular case one of them in Anambra which of course I know you weren't a part of a police officer named James Wanfa who was very very popular as one of the people who was accused of multiple and multiple of these cases murders of dozens of people who also was summoned by the panel in Anambra state to date currently of course he was eventually fired by the Anambra state government then as the chief security officer but currently according to reports is now the CSO to Charles Soludo so I want you to share your views on why the police the Nigerian police didn't seem or doesn't seem in any way to want to be accountable for any of these crimes committed thank you so much for raising this issue you see you have a problem like this to me respectfully the worst thing to do is to go to the roots the police is like the let me say the police the army the security agencies are not that they are merely like the teeth and claws of a creature I don't want to use a beast they are the enforcers of the will of the creature so if so however sharp the teeth is it's only when it is used like a crocodile snap if it doesn't snap it if I have seen videos where some birds come and pick meat from the teeth of the crocodile so it don't become infested and they don't clamp on those things with the claws of the leopard or sheep it's only when they use it so the police and the military or any security agency they don't have the brain the brain have is with the political controller it is how they are directed that they act and this is the problem we are having the problem of a government not just this government not just this government in Nigeria the situation is that the government is not the government of the people it is the government of Kibar for the Kibar to be acting for the people this is the problem and if you want to test my hypothesis whether it is true just ask yourself what do the Nigerian government do in a particular situation I will tell you and know what they will do the last one I will say just look at what do the people of Nigeria want whatever the people of Nigeria want the government must oppose to it and whatever the government wants to do people must oppose to it so you find that there is a disconnect because you don't have the people's it's not worry that I started it a lot of them is just a pity that a government like this and an environment of democracy many of the founding fathers of this particular conglomeration of God it's a conglomerate who are Nadeku people who are people who suffered under a bacha another kind of a scene you know even under Jonathan people like General Wari and all of them did rallies and all that the tragedy that when you now have the situation the kind of climate of fear of tension we have in what way is it so different from the pre-1990 particularly the bacha years even the Babangida or the sub-riot it's 1993-94-95 the Kokori years and Wohala in one way we say it's different so the problem is not the police as you see them keep this they are programmed they are programmed when they say move when they say stay when they say don't look at it and that's even included the FCC there are people who don't prosecute they are people who don't prosecute you know and you see the character of the FCC always mirror the character of whoever is the president of the era the Ribadu era Ribadu with Oba Sanjo and everything look at the madam Waziri, Jonathan and everything and look at Magu and Buahari the man was never met with chairman he said no I can tell you he was acting chairman for five years but when he pleased them to remove him what is the fate of that man yes the mind I have done wrong but everything has gone to the cooler that's all and then you have not brought him power and a lot of the Pandora papers and everything some select people they used to say the story of they say we only have competition when some people wrote petition against Inuba and everything they draw petition nothing has happened so in a way these security people they are like the civil servants the civil servants do the bidders and they try to the executive the political class and so much that the judges fear the judges except the era of the putas the so called the man in the burden and all those kind of things when they did the show in car the show in car trial and yet the value was that upon the fact it was not proved you may not be able to that kind of a situation again there was a time when a high court judge said that he would commit Adamushi Roma secretary to government to prison if it does not appear in court they were the middle of the meeting the cabinet of Goa and released Goa and appeared before, is it Justice Genozo or somebody now even if the Supreme Court asked it is the sergeant the sergeant the corpora to come you will not come so you find you look at the Lagos panel too I think it took a lot of bigmanship to even get General Ibrahim to come and immediately it came all the other summons to the other people they just ignored it and I thought the panel maybe that's where your maturity and gravitas come in I think the panel is led by a very experienced judge it is the maximum court will not act in vain so what are we going to do now this military refused to come the Fed are even doing us a favor by coming, by bringing but when the man was to me with due respect when his testimony was could not survive the crucible of the fire of cross-examination they thought that the best thing to do is to do damage control and not to shop again what can the panel do I asked for someone like Fashella to be brought we call him again Fashella who discovered the emissive camera and everything the camera was never brought the gentleman did not come over that will tell you the character of the political elite that is why we need to change the system we need to change the system they feel that we are no citizens they feel that we are subjects and the governors, the president, the commission they think that they are royalty you know, you don't if somebody is your servant it does not exist to argue with you no, no, no, no you just give on us so that's the problem so the police that we are talking and the military that we are blaming let's look deeper is the controlling brain that is the problem we are yet to get decent accountable leaders who feel that the people have the owner of sovereignty sovereignty belongs to them we want to of course share with you a report from the events that took place on this day last year and of course right after that we will be having a live conversation with someone of course still concerning the end size protest and then we can talk about on a personal level, a victims level with them so enjoy this report and more than a week in October 2020 peaceful protesters were on the streets of major cities across Nigeria demanding justice for victims of police brutality the dissolution of the special antirepress court known as SAZ and the reform of the police force on October the 20th protesters at the Lekitou Plaza a key rallying point for demonstrations refused to leave basically that that was on the 20th and about day for say 12 to 12 in the afternoon we got that information that was going to be copied and that copy was starting at 4pm but we were still present at the 28th and the question was our demand our five demand as we've been met before we were still debating on that the activists were still protesting and saying they were going nowhere knowing well that some people didn't even come from Lagos who became from outside Lagos and there are roads are blocked there was particularly no movement we were still debating on people insisting that until the government attend to our need we got that information at about 2pm or there about I really can't place my hands on the correct timing right now that copy has been moved to I think 9pm and yeah we started celebrating like okay it's also an advantage for us to keep going and then anybody was preparing to go to their own that was an up to time but while we were doing that later in the afternoon we started going short what started out as a peaceful practice for better governance and the better Nigeria turned bloody that night people falling down there was an old man with a native there was a guy beside me wearing white shirts he was not Britain he was just there there was no gun wound on him but he was just life less there were a few other people who were shot and they were being carried from where they were to where all gathered they were shot I don't know if she's still alive I'm still trying to find out there was a guy that was shot in his ass and we were able to hold them still because they brought them from where they were shot at the tour gate because we were in a corner so they brought them from there to here so we're trying to put down the bullet trying to hold it down and affect them so we took them to the hospital one of the protesters streamed the shooting to more than 100,000 people on Instagram Live Nigerians watched as people tried to remove a bullet from the tie of a protestor as another took his last breath before her battery died and the live stream ended DJ Switch said they were surrounded by soldiers later in the evening I think a most senior military officer came to kind of douse the tension and then he was trying to address us the protesters were like this should have been the first thing not shooting at us randomly without even engaging in any conversation and so we kind of wanted to ask us to calm down and people were not ready to listen because at that point people were already in George, some people were already dead and I somehow had the courage to raise my hand and I walked in the direction to ask them can we get emblems for those people that are already down and I said where do we have emblems I put them somewhere around I know we used to have emblems and I decided to look I'm not going to go because even the animals were saying everybody go home and then as people were running to go to their homes they were shooting at them so I wasn't going until they gave me someone to cover me to get to that point where I can at least reach out for help to get emblems and reach a grantor every one of these odd leads to walk me out and it was the back of the night they could do anything so I was ready to get out and I met some guys that I approached the emblems and on getting the emblems to that point we had other armies by receding the road they didn't allow or access at that point when the emblems came around they weren't allowed to help they told them to go back we couldn't really take people that were shot we couldn't really take them out because we had been surrounded there were some emblems that came but the soldiers said no and the soldiers had to take them by themselves with their own vans the extent of the casualties still disputed but no fewer than 15 persons believed to have been killed efforts to reach the mandarin as the military said it won't speak the state panel investigating the matter was still sitting the Lakitu Plaza was set at least full of the shooting and no fee has been collected there since October the 20th 2020 and some of the protesters wanted to remain that way and have insisted on the place being turned into a memorial venue for the killings that took place Destiny Momo Africa really really really sad reports and of course just sharing revelations and personal experiences as to what happened on this day one year ago I'm going to speak with Mr. Agulano next talking now about the inability and of course the struggle with the conversation and proving the number of casualties proving the number of people that actually were killed on that day 28th of October last year share your views with us on that one why was that so much of a challenge and the government continued of course to fight those figures thank you so much it was a situation of huge trauma the incident of 20th October 2020 and the young people were scattered and you know that I say young people even in Nigeria even when you're up to like 20, 30, 30 30 most of them are still on their parents influence because no jobs really are known that and because of our African culture you are generally family ties are still very okay and so when this thing turned very ugly and people died many parents and I'm talking from the experience of my interaction who are badly scared they were prepared to disown their children the ones who managed to survive and another issue is that these people they are drawn from all over not that they know themselves they were not students of the same campus I would say students or something or the same neighborhood people came from far and wide like a kind of a mecca you just go to the big we call it barricades like a toge so when people get to I saw her case today her name is Tina or something not that you really know themselves maybe the celebs, maybe they know themselves but the average person they don't know themselves and then they were so mightily scared so much so that by the time the panel sat the first earliest sit-ins there was nothing nobody came and that was the time people are saying haha because a video is shooting it's a fiction that didn't happen that they were okay if people are dead or if they are injured if they cannot come up we are their parents and everything we had to rally around to try and make contact with them fortunately we had participated at the kejab barricade all through so we made some contacts and we had to persuade it was three ladies who were there who were prepared to appear before the panel and they were not opened in fact the first one that came to the panel and announced appearance for ensar's movement if you see the way by the way the lawyers to the government to LCC the jumped up racing legal objection that my lord we are not against to go and learn appearing but ensar's movement is not registered it's not a registered body so how can somebody come up and say that is representing ensar's because they were so sure that the climate of fear was so thick that these people could not come up but glory be to god these three ladies stood up and called their names and that's how we began to have legal representation because if we didn't cross that level then those who want to manage to pass away the other people there are people especially the boys they refused at 3, 4, 5 we've taken their deposition they say no sir I'm not coming again and some people came asking about after them and so so so in fact there were a set of people who came to the bus with all of them the appearance refused for them to come up from the bus that's when they gave us 3 months to register petitions ending December 21 or so the ones we managed to put in there are just a tiny fraction no the people who are afraid and some of them have to live legal in fact some of them travel outside the country as a land this is the problem but by the time the earliest the brief ones when they come to the panel they dress like ninja they have to cover their face they have to show that they will not be but I want to pay tribute to people like Dabira Ayoko people like Victor O'Neill people like Kamsin Chukubu all of these are ladies who are very heroic and who came out their courage there are other people with potato legs so this thing is real but do you think that any just before we can bring in a lawyer who is joining us via Zoom his name is Timmy O'Lagunju good morning Mr. O'Lagunju can you hear us I think we have lost him it's one of the council my question is right now do you think anything is going to change has anything really changed because we are having this conversation today all of the procession is actually going on people are still on the streets and like you rightly mentioned they are not saying we are protesting but they are saying we want to mourn those that lost their lives in the cost of the event that happened last year although the government is still somewhat denying that nothing really really happened but do you think anything is going to change has anything really changed it will change but it will not change now it will not change immediately that does not concede this is the nature of power especially when you are in the habit and tradition and culture of oppressing people just like the biblical story of Pharaoh despite the severe economic sabotage because in modern times all what the Bible recorded about Mousse is doing in severe economic you turn the river into blood that means you sabotage the agricultural economy you turn on their farms you destroy the farms even biological warfare in terms of the plagues of the frogs and everything even when you we call it in modern times we call it genocide when the Israelites lost their Jews lost their Facebook all over go go go at the same time this label is the major form of production and a whole nation of people were the slaves of another country and there were many is this how people are going to go so they have to run after them despite all the horrors they have gone through to me it is an allegory of the human nature when people are used to cheating even at domestic level some husbands they are not responsible but they have dominated the wives to the level that the car you are using is your wife's car but people do not know and you are using the car to be carrying women not only carrying the women to the house and the woman you are not the woman to cook for the for the Colisei but the Colisei chicks now something now and if I don't do it I will get into it so you will find that kind of a person is used to it so maybe when the children are going on say that you have to stop them the same thing so what is happening is that and that is why we are encouraging the people the youth because they are the future of the country not to relent every epoch as they remember during the colonial era the nationalists how to protest second the school boys how to protest because in the time of Niger for Nigerians and then post independence when we had the military even when you have things like operation wet when people in this western part of the country rejected the regain of a particular government and then the military era this particular democracy you saw how it came to be the period of a very tough period very tough period alright so the apologies we want to speak with good morning thanks for joining us can you hear us yes I can hear you clearly alright good morning thanks for joining us we have just a few minutes I want you to go ahead and share your views on concerning N-SARS how far we've come the events for today and the success of the panel if you can my view of N-SARS probably yeah I can hear you I can hear you clearly yes so my view of N-SARS is basically in the context of the reviving of the principles of social contract which is that the government is the employee and the people are the employers right and if you know you're ready to look at it because he will forget history is doomed to repeat saying if you look at it we've had years of military interregnum and we've not really nurtured ourselves sufficiently since independence in the culture of democracy right and so which is a culture of engagement of the citizens with the government and because we lack that culture and we're just evolving in that culture issues of this nature are bound to arise where the government sees an engagement of the protesters or a call for policy action as a means to calm down on citizens so the N-SARS protest for me that view revise that social contract we may be losing Mr Lagunju there we also have Akin who is at the toll gate currently to share with us what exactly is going on live at the toll gate good morning Akin can you hear us yes I can hear you how you guys doing we are outdoors I'm at the leki toll gate we're having the citizens protest as you can see us in very peaceful formation not making trouble the matter of fact I just spotted a survivor by the name of Solomon who was shot in the chest at the same toll gate a year ago I am putting on the same t-shirt I wore when I watched my fellow young lages get shot by this government in a certain stadium of assembly today we are back here we are unrelenting we are not scared we will protest we are not disturbing the peace our voices will be heard we have to take your questions is there any interference from the police men who are present at the toll gate so far we have Nigerians who came out us interrupting us driving here we have not seen that again they are somewhat restrained the media is present we may have also lost you we can reconnect with the time that we have but it's a really emotional day Sao Gulano I think you must agree with that all these conversations can you hear us welcome back I want you to describe what today's events will be like how many times are you going to be driving through the toll gate what will you signify I will give you a view of these trailing us to some of what you heard in the media we are not a trailing group of people we are not hoodlums as a matter of fact I am driven to have him in a vehicle as my chief rider and again we are here to make sure we are unrelenting and we will continue to make sure our voices are heard be safe out there thank you very much for the time you shared with us we will definitely reconnect with you we will reconnect with you thank you thank you we truly appreciate your time thank you the wealth of knowledge that you have shared with us this morning and also the service that you have also rendered to these protesters and those people who had sought justice during the protest I think we have been to bring back Timmy welcome back if you can hear us clearly now can you hear me now? yes I can so if you can in just about a minute please share with us what today signifies and if there is still any hope for justice for those people who lost their lives last year well like I said today signifies the fact that there is a remembrance of that revival of the social contract between the citizens and the government and a revival of our democratic culture because when a democracy not a military regime and in a democracy the currency of the government is trust between itself and the people and that today signifies a remembrance to the government of the need to build that trust because that trust is completely eroding itself now in terms of justice the report of the panel needs to be taken into executive action so that it does not end up like the put the panels and the laudable reports that we've had in this country and so if we do that then justice is said and done and justice needs not just to be said and done it must be evidently seen to be done because evidence is the end of argument thank you thank you also for joining us we can reconnect with you sometime during the news bulletins today good morning once again once again once again I appreciate your time thank you and we would love to see you again thank you absolutely alright this is where we'll be wrapping up it has been an amazing conversation thank you so much for being part of this conversation and to catch up on all of the conversation do not forget to follow us on instagram and facebook and on youtube is plus tv africa i am messi vocal


How's it going everybody? My name is John Hammond. In this video, I want to tackle the agent pseudo room from try hack me So let's jump on over to my screen. I will go ahead and I am joined in the room here So let's go and deploy the machine. Let that spin up It says welcome to another THM exclusive CTF room your task is simple capture the flags Just like any other CTF room have fun. If you're stuck inside the black hole post in the form rats and try I can be discord. Okay, we need to deploy the machine looks like we've done that I have the IP address here.  This is a free room So you should be able to access it without being subscribed I'm using my account that is not subscribed and I'll make a directory here for agent pseudo Hop over there and I'll create a simple read me So we have a place to store our notes. I'll also clear out some of all my other stuff from previous recordings We don't need those but let's go ahead and add this stuff in here And I'll export my p address as what it has given us So we have that as a variable we can access within our shell Great. We have deployed the machine. Let's see if it's hit up already. I guess still taking some time No matter Numerate how many ports are open on the machine? Okay, so it looks like we'll go ahead and run nmap once he's up and available I am still connected to him. Just fine, right? Yep All right, I'll stand by until I can see pings Okay, it looks like he is up and running now. So let's go ahead and make an nmap directory I will nmap tack SC tack SV. That's fine. I needed to do that. Anyway, it's really hard to type With a microphone in the way tack on nmap initial and let's do my IP address Let's make this verbose so I can see really what it's doing if it finds any ports 21 80 and 22 Okay, good to know so if 80 is open then we can go poke around with it on the website And I'll do our basic enumeration here Are those the only three ports that we have to work with it looks like it So let's say there are three open ports. That is the correct answer. How do you redirect yourself to a secret page? Well, we have this IP address. So let's go check it out in the web browser here It says dear agents user own codename as a user agent to access the site from agent are Okay, it looks like that's literally all that is in the page here Let's go ahead and Necto this Http this guy Get him spun up. I guess I'll also run a little dirt buster for good measure just because hey opt directory and The url should be this guy. Let's go look for extensions PHP SHH TML JavaScript CSS Python CGI blah blah blah. Let's see if that gets any hits and While that's scanning we can kind of read it What we should really be doing your user own codename as a user agent to access the site from agent are So I'm assuming the codename is referring to agent and then some letter. I guess so Did I do that wrong or no, I guess I just didn't care whatever. Let's go ahead and try that technique then So let's curl that page Yep Use your own username or use your secret agent name. So let's go ahead and supply a header with curl I'll say user agent can be Agent like a right that returns nothing user name agent B that returns nothing different username C codename as a user agent should it be like Lowercase, I wish it would tell me agent a without a space or something agent B Use your own codename to get user access to the site. Are there any other links that I'm supposed to be accessing? I wish I knew agent lowercase agent a B and C Maybe it's just the letters themselves This is taking some time to respond. I feel like I'm just like hammering the box on accident So agent a Like the letter itself. Why is it taking so long? Is the page still there is the site still up? Come on agent pseudo. All right, I guess I'll pause until that returns Okay, I went ahead and stop Nito because maybe that was beating it up And if I'm using user agent a user agent B user agent C all these I could write a script to brute force these but That question is asking. How do you redirect yourself to a secret page? Oh, oh If it's getting a redirect and I guess I should probably include the user agent tack Oh, like tack L and curl so it redirects things Maybe I was wrong all along throughout all that user agent B Now for following redirects user agency. Oh, okay, cool. Now we got a result attention Chris Do you still remember our deal? Please tell agent J about our stuff ASAP also change your dang password It's a week from agent R. So Chris looks like a potential username That is the redirect we've been using I guess that's how we redirect your secret page User agent. Is that what we need to submit here? Okay, cool. What is the agent name? Yes? It is Chris theoretically. That's good Hatch cracking and brute force done a numerator and machine time to brute your way out. Okay So looks like it needs an FTP password. So if we know our username is chris from This here was kind of a strange way to figure that out But let's go ahead and start with hydra So hydra is great because it'll tell us kind of some syntax here, but we just need a schema there So hydra tack L chris is our name We'll use op rock you to go ahead and hammer stuff and let's put it at FTP on the ip address And let that guy go So I guess I'll pause until we get some hits I guess we could also actually just try and hammer some of the other services too because That account might work just as well on ssh I should grab the ip address if I'm going to Use that so Let's set that up hydra chris rock you And If that is on all on fdp, can we actually netcat to that can I poke around at that netcat interface? So let's netcat Or your ftp, I suppose just to run the client itself over to the ip address looks like it's connecting Chris I guess we should try like basic baby password No maybe gosh This machine Is kind of frustrating to use because it's so slow. I guess I should be on my subscribed account Um, let me not hammer it. Let's just focus on fdp and see if we get any results I guess I'll just pause until something comes back Hopefully Okay, that finally came back looks like we have logging credentials chris and crystal so Let's uh, let's take note of that While it was paused I was going through and kind of adding in Some of the notes that we have thus far so fdp password Let's uh, just include that as our note here Grab the syntax Just spit that guy in I'll call that see that's in bash Uh and crystal is the password Good I just like to kind of have our notes I don't know put together so we have our own reference if we ever go back to this If we learn something from this machine Now let's fdp do that. Let's go ahead and fdp chris at the ip address Or I guess we can just go to the ip address and supply chris as a name FTP probably has no idea what I'm doing when I say that Okay Man Slow box and connection timed out. Are you kidding me? We know what the fdp we know the ip address variable is right that's still in the context of this please Holy cow Make sure you guys are running this from a subscribed account. I don't know why this is taking so long. There we go. Okay chris crystal That's our password and everything great. What do we have here? Oh, okay, let's get all of these. Can I am get all this? Does that work? Yes Thanks Yes I don't always put what argument do I supply to am get to download this at least there's only three of them That's that's totally fine. Okay. So now we have all of those downloaded Let's actually make an fdp directory and let's move qt cute alien and Two agent j into that fdp directory. I probably should have all done that before I did that Let's go check out what this two agent j says all of these alien photos are fake agent r stored the real picture inside of your dictionary your directory What? Okay, okay your login password is somehow stored in the fake picture. It shouldn't be a problem for you Which picture? cute cute alien Let's go check out these what are they actually showing us Cute alien jpeg. That's cute and qt dot png. Okay So if they're inside of the image, can I like strings all of the jpeg ones Blah blah nothing seemingly interesting there. How about strings in that png image? Oh he has Something inside two agent r We have two agent j. So there's clearly something in that png. Let's um Let's go ahead and bin walk tacky on the cutie png He has a zip file in there. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. So we extracted that out with bin walk tacky looks like cutie png extracted has Two agent r dot text in there. What what? Is that empty? That is empty. That's weird. This is a file though Um, let's unzip that eight seven oh two zip file. We need a password 7z Okay, we'll replace it. Yeah. Yeah replace that thing. Oh, it doesn't need a password Okay, so let's go ahead and run um zip to john that should be in the opt john ripper run zip to john Run that on our eight seven oh two zip file. Let's redirect that to hashes for john dot text And now let's run hashes for john with john Change that command to actually use john the ripper not visit john script and we'll supply the word list to opt Rock you dot text. So let's see if we can crack that zip file password Okay, looks like the password is alien good enough So I use seven zip to extract that because it didn't seem to behave when I used just regular unzip So seven zip this guy. Yes. Go ahead and remove stuff. We'll override it I'll use alien as my password looks like that worked. Okay. Now to agent r actually has content in it So let's go see What that says agent c we need you to send the picture to That as soon as possible that looks strangely like base 64 Just because of the random capitalization. So let me go ahead and make sure Okay, that is base 64. So that decodes to area 51. We need to send the picture to this as soon as possible so that must be The other alien the cutie alien jpeg and that is a jpeg file So if we're doing stego techniques, oh, we have some of these things we should fill out And we kind of have this notion from the prompt. It's probably a steg thing. We can use steghyde Yeah, yeah, yeah So steghyde syntax is extract and then sf to specify the file that you want to extract out. So that is the Cute alien jpeg and our password is area 51 capital a there we go wrote out the tract data to message.txt So message.txt says hi james Ah Glad you found this message your login password is hacker rules. Don't ask me with a pattern Password looks cheesy. That's agent r is at the password for you your buddy chris. Okay, so hacker rules looks to be a password for James Area 51 is that answer The other agent in full name is james Theoretically and the ssh password is hacker rules. So we submitted all those. All right Now, let's go ahead and log into that box, right? Because we saw ssh was open from our nmap scan So james to that ip address Taking it sweet time While that's going for us. Let's go ahead and zip file was alien area 51 next one james And hacker rules Now task four What is that asking for what is the user flag? It should be easy once we go ahead and log in if that ever loads for us What is that other prompt here? What's the incident of the photo called? What? I don't know what that means I guess we'll see Come on computer I guess i'll pause Okay started and stopped it and now it seemed to go through so Now let's enter the password Hacker rules exclamation point. Oh, come on. Did I not did I not have that copied? Please don't please don't not connect That is the right password right Okay, maybe it did authenticate this time and now it's going to take its sweet time to give me that connection Lots of pausing in this video Okay, now he's in great. So let's tell us we've got our user flag dot text great Go ahead and submit that for our user flag submit Slap that guy in here. What is the incident of the photo called? Okay? So we have this alien autopsy jpeg. I guess we could copy that down But we could very well just run some regular commands If the connection would work holy cow I'm a pause. Okay Okay, looks like we're working now So strings on that guy We don't have that installed. Okay. I guess we can try some xf tool Do we have xf tool accessible to us? No, okay, let's go ahead and try and uh Download that thing then so let's actually make a directory for ssh We'll hop over there. Let's scp james at let's slap that ip address in scp james at ip um, and we want alien autopsy Dot jpeg and let's just put it here So it needs to know that password once it asks for it. There we go And that should download Hopefully I don't know if that syntax is gonna think I mean from the root directory Yep. Okay, let's go from home James Let's try that paste that password in sweet sweet upload and download time Sweet sweet networking What did I just spell it wrong? home james pwd Wow pwd home james alien autopsy dot jpeg That's what that's alien autos taught tospy I spelled their typo wrong Autospy Is that wrong? I feel like that's wrong I feel like it should be autopsy I'm truly sorry for all of you watching this video I feel like I need to pause every time I interact with the machine whatsoever. There we go. Okay. What do we got here? Alien autospy. Oh cringy. I don't want to see that never mind strings that guy Blah blah blah. What is all that at sign in there? at at at at At at at at is the name of my wi-fi network when I go ahead and create a mobile hotspot So if you ever see that out there in the world, you'll know it's me alien autopsy Blah blah blah What is this? What is this asking for? Is there anything else? That I didn't see in that let's go for long strings, let's go from a ten 888888. There's some hidden information from like what Photoshop would put in there. What is it actually referring to? Alien Autos? I don't want to look at this image again, but I feel like I have to gosh, gosh, that's so bad. Let's see if it's a thing. Google image search. So Google image reverse, reverse image search, Google image search. That gives me, there we go. Google image. Let's just grab this file and directory. Let's drag it there. See what we have. Rosswell UFO incident. Oh, gee goodness. I don't want those pictures, man. Rosswell UFO. So that looks like army reveals flying disk. That's not the amount of letters that it needs. What else do we got? Fox News. Rosswell alien footage.   Rosswell alien footage. Does that work? No. Did I spell it wrong? I guess I'll just look at this picture more. Get out of here Fox News. Alien autopsy. Oh, oh, it's autopsy footage is just something that I read in the URL and got freaked out. So alien autopsy autopsy spelled correctly. There we go. Okay, I hate those though. That's not like a question enough with the extraordinary stuff. Let's get real CVE number for escalation. Oh, okay, let's do some things now. So we're on the box. Let's go ahead and actually put Lynn P's in there. So I'm going to SCP my own op Lynn P's to James at the IP address. Do I have IP? Is it a thing? Yeah, okay. Let's go ahead and put it in DevSHM just because that's good place to hide stuff. shared memory. Typically world writable. Typically world readable. There he goes. Okay, so back in the box now, let's go ahead and move into DevSHM. It's Mark Lynn P's as executable. And let's let him go. Okay. My user can pseudo things. That's good. Good to know root is the one that we need but we are in the pseudo group. Often IDs pseudo is in there. Some things are running. Okay, trying to go from the top. pseudo version is kind of old. Good stuff in there. GCC is installed.  What was that path information? Nothing out of the ordinary. I'll look for the set you ID binaries because it seems to be pretty common lately and a lot of the try hack me rooms have been going through. What is this our sync pseudo all no password all? Is that a thing? Can I do that? Because it has a lot of set you ID. But a lot of these look pretty normal. Let's let's let us run but let's SSH pass tack P hacker rules SSH James at IP dollars on IP so we are logged in SSH pass just quick syntax so I can go ahead and actually supply the password on the command line like as an argument. I hope that IP is an actual variable that's set in this case that will log in just fine. But he's still going. Okay, good. Let's see if that pseudo thing is like a thing pseudo tech L. Oh, hacker rules, exclamation point. user James remember the following commands on agent pseudo all not root bin bash what? Oh, that's a that's the CVE. That was a recent pseudo bug. See this thing this thing I made a video on it. Caleb and I talked about this. When you specify the user ID of a count that doesn't exist. It's normal like a weird misconfiguration but let's tack you. Is that right? Number one. Number one, bin bash. What is it? What is that? What is that syntax? Oh, doesn't it doesn't need a space after it? Yeah. Okay, that's it. That's that. Now that's that's that's that prevest. So the bug is if you specify anything other than root, it will be searching for the users and you can specify attack you with the count ID or user ID that doesn't exist, like negative one. And that will fail. And I guess some into overflow thing that will determine that Oh, and it'll it'll select root. And then you'll be able to do it. The CVE information gets a lot more into it. But this is the bug. And I did a video on it sometime ago. You can see that on my channel. John Hammond pseudo bug. Yeah, this guy under 1.828. So that's cool.  Now that we're root, we own the box, right? So let's go in a root. Let's cat root dot text. Congratulations on this box. The box of design for try hack me. There is your flag. Deskel is his name. And that must be the author of the box. Must be the box creator. Does it say doesn't. Well, okay. So that was that that was agent pseudo.  So my fault. I'm a failure. Thanks. Thanks for watching. That was that that was that's kind of cool. It was good to get that exposure with that pseudo vulnerability. See that kind of out there in a little exercise and the hacking and the hash cracking and brute force was also kind of neat. So hope you guys enjoyed this video. If you did, please do press that like button, the comment thing, the subscribe or whatever all of those YouTube algorithm things. Love to see you guys on Patreon PayPal discord. There's a link in the description.  And that's that my face is really white with this light bright. Oh gosh, I'm an alien. I'm area 51. Thanks, everybody. Bye.


Finland may transferring fighter jets to Ukraine. Finnish Prime Minister Sanna Marin stated that Finland could, along with other allies, consider providing Ukraine with fighter jets. Sanna Marin said that such a discussion could be raised in Finland, especially since the country itself buys the latest fighters to replace those it has now. I think we could discuss F-18 Hornets combat aircrafts, whether it would be possible to offer them to Ukraine, what training is needed for this, the Prime Minister said. We stress that so far all conversations about fighter jets are at the initial stage and broad cooperation between Western allies will be required on this issue. Finnish Air Force currently has 55 F-18 Hornet fighters and about 20 training models, as well as older training models of the British Hawk. Finland has ordered 64 of the latest F-35 fighter jets from the United States to replace them, and they should be delivered by 2026.


Welcome back everyone to theCUBE's coverage here at ReInvent. We're on location. I'm John Furrier, host Dave Vellante's in the analyst session with Adams Q&A right now. Wall-to-wall coverage four days. This is day three. Our next guest here, Andy Warfield. He was a distinguished engineer at Amazon S3. Cube alumni from 2014. Going way back, great to see you. Good to see you too, John. Thanks for having me. So we're just talking on camera about Andy's keynote. I mean, Adam's keynote around storage, being reinvented. So my land, walking around the hallways here. Storage is just, S3 is the granddaddy of them all in the Amazon parlance. It's true. Adam was reinventing storage. Big storage announcement. Let's get into it. Tell us about what the news was and how we'll unpack it. Sure, sure. Well, I mean, at this point, S3 is 17 years old. So it is, it's the first AWS service. The announcement this week is for S3 Express One Zone, which is a new S3 offering that is really geared toward low latency for S3 requests. It's about a 10x latency reduction over a regular regional S3 request. And that, and how does that work? How does, what does that impact the customer? I mean, what is that? The, the, I think the interesting thing, if you look broadly at S3 and kind of about S3's history, is when we first launched, it was largely around kind of archival use cases, right? Like sticking storage away, secure, it was cost effective and very durable. And as we move forward, over a lot of the last like five or 10 years, there's been a huge pull for data leaks and it's pushed us to build throughput out on S3, right? And so we see jobs that burst into hundreds of terabytes a second of data pull from S3 and customers keep pulling on the data closer to applications. And so the real impetus for the reinvention with Express One Zone is, customers want really rapid interactions. They don't want to have to copy data out of S3 into some intermediate storage. It's really responsive. They just want to work with it directly. So speed and cost impact. Speed and cost and simplicity around responsiveness of data, right? There's also some discussion around decoupling storage in the new JNA architecture from the compute. Right, right. That's been a big discussion. We heard that from a lot of the ISVs and partners. So storage is still has to, is a central part of JNAI. You can't have data without storage. Absolutely. So that's going to change the game. And we think on CUBE research, Dave Vellante is doing a lot of work on this. How's the storage equation change with data management? Because now you got to move data. Or are you moving data? Just can you relocate it? Moving data is faster. Also, JNAI needs access to data. And then you got policy around that. So the data pipelining, the data equation is going to be tied to storage. How do you see that evolving? Because the storage is more than S3. You got the one Express. What's going on here? Well, okay. Let's talk about it on two sides. There's a performance edge to this and like the data access side, we maybe talk about that separately. The thing that I think is really interesting in here is the thing that you're talking about, which is the customer experience of curating that data. They don't want to think about storage and they absolutely want to have good sound practices around the structure of their data and the governance. And so as customers are looking at generative AI, they don't want to be taking their data out of their data lake and shipping it to some external model, right? They really want to be bringing the model to the data. And that specific property, there's over 700,000 data lakes on S3, right? These customers that have built these data lakes, that have built a whole bunch of really effective tooling for analytics, being able to bridge and take advantage of all that curation and move into generative AI tooling is just a huge catalyst for being able to do new stuff. And what's that catalyst? We'll take us through that journey of moving to the J&I side. Is it hard or is it easy? What's the, is there blockers? What's the- This is a thing that I've learned about a ton over the past couple of years is I've started to work with our ML teams and customers that are doing generative AI. One thing, talking to the folks that are building enormous foundation models and some of the folks that are building smaller scale models is so much of the work that you hear folks talking about when they go to get actionable data, right? Whether it's models or inference is actually pre-training, right? They do so much work just taking the data and getting into a state that is labeled and usable and can be used by the tools. And the data lake customers, I mean you guys, you're showing me this data lake that you've built, like the data lake customers have already invested so much in that that they can just move straight to the tooling, right? It's a big accelerator. And that, Adam, so it's about zero ETL. Yeah, yeah. He's really high on the zero ETL thing. Is it really ETL, zero ETL? I think the, the, the, the, I mean it's an aspirational term for sure, but this ETL idea of having to change the format of the data and often have a human involved in that curation is it's costly. Yeah. It's complex work. I'm impressed with the Databricks event when they introduced Parquet and Iceberg open formats. You can start to see more open formats around the data. That should democratize at least some of the data lake aspects of it.  Databricks has their thing. Everyone's got their data lakes. Is there going to be a challenge at some point to convert that into gen AI? I mean, how does that, how do you guys see that evolving? Because, I mean, it's conceptually clear. I got S3, I got a data lake. Is it magic? Do I just like turn it into gen AI? What are the some of the steps that people have to take to do that? Well, so we're really excited about that stuff both on the data lake side. So the open table formats that you're talking about Iceberg, Houdi and Delta Lake, those are coming up in almost every conversation that I have with customers on data lakes. And a lot of that is built around S3 as the object store. And so there's loads and loads of connectivity on top of that. A lot of the work that we're doing with things like bedrock and bedrock agents is removing that extra last mile of preparing vector embeddings, right? And doing the tight work to really engage your data with the model. I saw the vector embeddings announcement on stage today. I didn't catch it was shipping or not or is it in preview mode? I'm not sure on whether it's on a shift or preview. I'm going to check on that. I was doing an interview right when they announced it so I had to kind of check on that. But that brings up a good point. The whole vector database thing is a hot trend but it's kind of been around for a while. But it's a feature, it's not a company, you know?  But the premise is that that should be near the data store. Yes, yes. Because they go hand in hand. Yeah. Is that an architectural lock in? Or is that, or how to, if I have say, Mongo or Amazon or data stacks or everyone's going to have a vector database. Can embeddings work together? Is there interoperability with those embeddings? That's a challenge. I think it's totally a challenge but I think it's a case where, you know, our approach is always around choice. And so with the vector side, whether it's open search with support for vectors or pine cone or any of the other databases that are starting to surface vector, we want to make sure that you can put the vectors where you want them to be and use whichever you want. And I think a lot of those things are turning out to meet inside the catalog. And so you'll see those things meeting in the catalog as an interaction layer and then integrating with the AI tools. Yeah, I was talking to someone, they're like, well, just move the data and just re-vector them. It sounds easier, but if it's a big data set, I mean, how hard is vectoring to do a vector index? I think it depends a lot on the size and scope of the data, right? Yeah. But I think especially with the bedrock integrations around the agents, I think it's pretty fast to get going with your data. All right, so yesterday's keynote, what was the big thing that jumped out at you on the Asma on the storage piece? In terms of the value of the customer, take us through your thoughts on it. You know, the thing that really stood up for me on the storage piece, I mean, I'm tempted to say it's express, but I'm really invested in that one, so I'm so excited that the teams launched it. The story that I loved the most was Pfizer, right? These examples of customers that leaned in heavily on changing their data practice to invest in a data lake and then grew it and are now realizing this agility to go and experiment with stuff like Generative AI, right? To experiment with new things. I think that really speaks for itself in terms of what people are doing. And he's a totally great point. In fact, we had a couple of interviews here from some ecosystem partners, Estrometers One, and they're doing a lot of data engineering. The theme is data engineering, not data science or database administrators, data engineering, where people are actually re-engineering their environments and they're using open source like Airflow is what Stromer uses. So like, these are engineers. They're architecting. Absolutely. So this is a, I mean, it's not a new thing that is happening more frequently now than ever before because engineering is like, okay, what's my object store? I got to figure out S3. How is that set up? How does that work in conjunction to the system I'm building over here? Absolutely. I mean, it's a systems architecture view. It's a systems mindset. It's absolutely a systems mindset and it's neat because it's so tied to the workload and the data, like you say, right? It's on a query level or on a training level. You need to understand the consequences of the structure of the data on the workload. And there's a really interesting aspect on the S3 side of this, which is that the express announcement was an Adam's keynote, obviously like a big deal. There's a quieter thing that's happening on the S3 side, which is that in conjunction with Express over the past year, we've been investing like crazy on the open source and the client side. And so you see this evolution with the S3 folks to really start to think about our ownership of data engineering and the data path to also include the application. And so you see this work investing in a PyTorch plugin. We've got an S3 plugin directly for PyTorch that accelerates check pointing and data loading, right? S3A, right? The amount point stuff for file, like all of this stuff. It's funny, I'm laughing because I'm excited by the fact that we're almost full circle to web services again. The decomposing of the services. Now you're building around S3 is its own entity. Absolutely. Before it was connected in the system before, but this highlights kind of what we've been saying in theCUBE and you're kind of illuminating here is that we've been speculating on this new infrastructure. Obviously Adam laid out the three level stack, I was a model specific, but we've been looking at say neural networks, AI systems. Is there an AI system emerging? Like an operating system like Linux has a function. Kubernetes has a function. Is there a new connective tissue system that is going to emerge for AI? And we're kind of getting at it now, you're starting to see the beginnings of, of what's around the chips, what's around the storage. And that was a big theme in Amazon's keynote. It's not about the chips, it's the interconnect. It's totally true. Yesterday I did the storage talk and it was really fun. As part of it I looked at the history of EBS and we started with the early days of there's a really fun example of EBS Velcroing in SSDs in the early days to add SSDs to their servers to where they are today where, you know, we're built on top of Graviton and Nitro SSD and our own transport protocols. I think the way that you put that, that it's early days, but by looking across the entire stack, the amount that we're going to be able to do in terms of supporting these workloads is going to be really proud. The Jensen thing surprised me. I don't think he was going to be on stage, but it's nice to see him up there. You know, he talked about MV link, okay? Connecting the processors together to have one system. That solves a lot of energy problems, right?  So okay, that's your constraint. A motherboard was limited by size, you know? When you put these systems together. So I found that to be interesting. Also he used the term AI factory, okay? Which I found was, he says indecode internally and the DGX to AWS relationship is the AI factory that they use internally. But interesting, they look at it as a factory. I mean, it's a system. Yeah, absolutely. Well, and like you're saying about the components in the rack, I think one thing that we're certainly seeing is that's the expensive bit of the TCO. And so customers really, really want to keep those GPUs busy all the time. And that's an example of the full systems view. Whether it's like getting data onto the box, getting data into GPU memory, right? There's innovation opportunities across that whole space that we need. It's almost funny, the psychology of making those busy could be, are they busy because they got bought and they had to be busy? Or they, it's like, remember the old days, the lights need to be blinking on the routers and like, it's working, see packets are moving. You know, so there's a GPU frenzy, but a lot of people just hoarding the GPUs to get their hands on them because it's a scarce resource. So I see people looking at the GPUs and like, okay, I'm going to provision something. And they go, oh, I got to do more. Right, certainly, I mean, the storage customers and the sort of training heavy customers that we're working with are absolutely focused on GPU efficiency, right? Really not just keeping them spinning but keeping them spinning efficiently and focused on the output metrics. Yeah, my takeaway from the keynote was really clear that cost and performance, a huge driver, huge price performance, Rebecca speeds and feeds, which is great because I think that's what everyone is focused on because the frenzy is going to be, the feeding frenzy is going to be the developers on the LLMs. So I got to ask you on that point, I asked Adam this on the Silicon with Anthropic, what are you learning on an S3 about how models are being built? Because what came out of the Anthropic announcement yesterday is that there's an innovation that the chip guys are learning on the custom side from Anthropic, how they build models. So the chips are learning from the model developers, models are getting benefits from the chips. Nice relationship. Oh, that's what you're saying. Yeah. What are you learning on the S3 side? No, this is an awesome question. So over the past, I want to say year, we've spent so much time on the storage teams talking, it's not just S3, the FSX Luster folks as well, with the Ultra Cluster and all that, talking to big foundation model training customers, talking to the ML teams inside Amazon and actually talking to the framework builders like the PyTorch folks and so on. And for the most part, the message to storage teams is just, don't be visible, right? Like make sure, Be secure, and don't be visible. Be secure and durable, make sure there's paths to curate and make sure the data is available, but do not slow down these workloads. And so a lot of the work that we've been doing is really around making sure that GPU is getting data as it needs it, right? And just looking at that end-to-end path from storage over the network to the GPU and making sure that it's there. And so PyTorch had a load of opportunities for checkpoint optimization, right? You were seeing these models that were like pausing their work while they like shipped a checkpoint so that they could survive, you know, crashes in the software, things like that that happened. Yeah, I think the key thing that you mentioned is the theme is coming up here and the key was end-to-end. Whether it's chip or this, it's an end-to-end system. There's a life cycle, you got to look at the whole thing and totality workload performance. Whether it's token, context window or whatever, it's got to be end-to-end. It's got to be end-to-end. All right, so I've got a final question for you. What are you most excited about going forward, coming out of this event? Obviously everyone takes a break after the event because it's brutal, but it's a lot here. A lot to get intoxicated around with all the tech and the new announcements. What are you going to look forward to after the event's over? I think probably for me, I don't know. Like you say, every year there's so much focus going into reinventing, you're laying on stuff. I think the bridge between the Datalake side and the Genai side has really, interestingly, like had the side effect with the storage teams, especially S3, where we're really, really focused on the developers using S3 for primary storage. And so I think as we move forward, the next year we're just going to keep pulling closer to the builder and the applications. And I'm excited about how that's going to happen. And be invisible, secure, adaptable for them. I was happy. Yeah, that's the theme. Andy, thanks for coming on, I really appreciate it. Good to see you. All right, keep alumni from 2014, breaking down the storage. Key aspect of the Genive AI is the system, it's the end-to-end, is what's around the models, what's around the storage, getting those developers productive, feeding the Genive AI systems with data. They got to be stored somewhere and Amazon's got some great announcements on again. We're looking forward to it, more coverage after the short break. Stay with us back to the studio.


To be productive you need to shut down the noise of social media and shoot them away Turn off your email and phone notifications if you need full concentration Are you a Facebook or Twitter addict? Use social media as a carrot. 20 minutes. I'll be there. I disagree No Tell him to call me. Yeah No, don't worry. Okay Right now. No, I'm not doing anything tricky.  You will sleep when you're dead Wake up Lily Wake up. It's different Don't you ever think That waking up every day Is a bit too much. All right, I'm going. I had this weird dream where you are dressing as a cow Oh, it was not a dream. You should hurry to have like five more minutes. I can sleep four more minutes


Welcome to the session, Ductility Provisions for Beams, Myself Chetanji Konapure, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vulture Institute of Technology, Solapur. This is the learning outcome for this session, so student will be able to describe the ductility provisions for the beams, flexural members. Now, what are the ductility provisions and why it is important and what it covers? So, this ductility provision covers and applicable to monolithic construction and second the building or the structures which belongs to seismic zone 4 and 5. The member which is covered or the structural element which is covered in this session, that is the flexural member, this is the term from IS code, so beam which is a flexural member that will be detailed covered in this session. Now, let us see the flexural member, so this flexural member beam which is having breadth and width, so you can see here breadth and the width depth, so this is the cross section of the beam, most important thing in the design of the beam we are providing the sizes and the sizing of reinforcement also. So, geometrical dimensions, the first provision is regarding that whatever B by D, the breadth width by depth of the beam that is selected it must be always greater than 0.3, what why it is important because if we go for smaller width as compared to the depth provided that member or that beam will become very slender and slender beam leads to lateral buckling during earthquake excitation, this will be the problem that is why B by D must be greater than 0.3, so that proper provisioning is important. Next thing is what shall be B now, breadth of the section, breadth of the beam that must be greater than 200, minimum breadth of the beams must be selected 200, why it is important because the detailing whatever we are doing reinforcement detailing in the cross section of the beam it requires at least 200 mm width, so it is very difficult in detailing for smaller dimensions that is why 200 mm width is required. Now, let us go to now the reinforcement section, first is the longitudinal reinforcement, most important thing which is specified in IS 3920 that is regarding steel grade should not be greater than Fe415 that is because of as the strength of steel is increased provided that will be much brittle. So, carbon content of the steel will increase and it will be not that much ductility we will get, but right now in the market Fe500, Fe550 these types of steels are available, but the one more requirement is specified by the IS that it shall have elongation more than 14.5 percent, though you are using Fe500 and Fe550 elongation must be 14.5 percent more, we want ductility, we do not bother about strength of the steel. Next thing is that most important clause for this longitudinal reinforcement at least two bars on each face throughout the length of the member because this contributes to safety during reversible of stresses. Stress reversible that is the major problem in earth again it is happening. So, compression to tension, tension to compression these stress reversible possible at any phase of the beam. Now, next thing is regarding the minimum reinforcement, this is also regarding the longitudinal reinforcement or percentage of the steel, here the greatest of the concretes are specified as per IS 456 2000, minimum steel is 0.85 divided by FY and as per IS 3920 minimum steel is 0.24 fck or under root fck divided by FY and whatever formulations are given in these two course according to that for by IS 456 for m20 for 30 and 40 these are the percentage 0.21 percent is the minimum steel required. As per 3920 according to the grade this percentage of steel is increasing, here for m20 it is 0.26 for m30.32 and for m40.37 percent. Now, the longitudinal reinforcement what should be the maximum minimum we have specified in earlier slide it was tabulated also. So, to avoid over reinforced section and subsequent brittle failure if you go for over reinforced section your section will will not yield also. So, this will fail in the compression or compressive stresses will be very high and it will be the brittle failure. So, maximum steel ratio it shall not be greater than 2.5 percent at any phase. So, 2.5 percent is the maximum reinforcement in this section allow. Next is positive steel means steel for the positive bending moment siding bending moment generally it is at the bottom at any joint phase at least equal to half the negative steel. Negative steel means the steel which is calculated for hogging bending moment generally at the joint phase it is at the top. So, the meaning of this statement is the bottom reinforcement at joint phase of the beam must be at least half the top reinforcement at that joint phase this is the practical meaning of this statement. So, it takes care of again the reversible of stresses during earthquake motion. Okay now the one more clause is important regarding this longitudinal reinforcement that is steel on any phase at any section at least equal to one fourth of maximum negative steel. So, most important thing is this any section any phase it may be your bottom phase it may be lateral vertical phases this steel must be at least one fourth of maximum negative steel. Okay negative steel means the steel at the top at the joint or at the continuous end whatever negative steel you calculate steel at the top its one fourth must be present at bottom it one fourth must be present at least at the vertical phases of the beam. Next is redistribution of the moments not allowed for lateral loads. So, in case of earthquake load redistribution of the moment is not allowed. Basic philosophy of design is based on inelastic behavior this is the limitation for not considering the redistribution of the moments and most important note for you please note higher steel does not necessarily mean safety most important thing is that provision appropriate of appropriate quantity at appropriate location that is the only requirement in ductility most important point related to this longitudinal reinforcement is the joint phase beam column joint it may be internal joint it may be external joint now the figure for external joint is shown this is the beam and its reinforcement that is anchored in the column. So, top reinforcement of the beam is anchored bent actually and anchored in the column bottom reinforcement of this beam is bent and anchored at top or it is going in the column in upward direction this will develop the bond of this reinforcement in the column so that there will not be separation of this beam and column at joint phase how much it must be anchored this is given here external extension of longitudinal bar from inner phase of the column it must be measured from inner phase of the column here you start the measurement of this bar length by the amount ld development length of this bar plus 10 times the diameter of bar suppose this bottom bar is 12 mm diameter so development length for 12 mm bar shall be calculated plus 10 times the diameter of bar means 120 mm so this much must be the anchored length required in this external joint. So, bar bent to accommodate the length most important solution for this you go for larger width of the column automatically it will solve this anchor issue. Next thing is internal beam column joint so bars passed straight through the column to accommodate the length that is even most important provision for internal beam column joint. Now, in case of longitudinal reinforcement sometimes splicing is required lap is required so that splicing shall not be provided for this portion joint portion do not go for the splicing at a distance twice depth of this section from joint phase this is also not allowed and at a quarter length of the member so even one fourth length of the member beside the joint in the twice depth from the joint phase even the quarter length of the member it is not allowed where it is allowed best location is you can provide lap or splicing at mid span of the section. How much it is so lap length or splicing shall be done for the length which is having the develop or it must be greater than the development length of that bar and the hoop spacing shall be less than 150 for the plus splice portion. So, you can refer this figure to so lap length is shown here at the splice location this is the splice location and the transfer reinforcement hoop shall be maximum 150 not more than that and here in this lap you only 50 percent of bars shall be placed all the bars shall not be placed at one location this is the criteria most important criteria my question for all of you what is the maximum spacing of hoop in splice portion of the beam these are the four options all the video think of that give the answer the answer is 150 mm now this is about the transverse reinforcement wave reinforcement most important point in this that you should provide this 135 mm hook first bent 90 degree again one more bent of 45 degree so 90 plus 45 that is 135 hook is called this hook is called as 135 degree and it must be extended up to 6 times the diameter of this bar or 65 mm which minimum 65 mm is the anchor or 6 times the diameter of bar. So, it helps a gradual failure of the member and minimum diameter of hoop bar shall be 8 mm now the transfer reinforcement for it must be provided twice the depth of the section from each end the spacing shall not be greater than the depth of the section by 4 m 8 into diameter of smallest longitudinal bars spacing shall not be less than 100 mm. So, all these clauses are explained and we will see in detail in the sketch also. So, this is the sketch where the transfer reinforcement for flexural member is explained. So, this hoop spacing for twice D depth of the section from face here the hoop shall be D by 4 or 8 diameter bar whichever is lesser and at the middle portion the hoop spacing shall not be greater than D by 2 D is depth of the section all these provisions you can study in this sketch and according to that all the steel or reinforcement shall be provided. Now, these are the references for the sections session. Thank you.


I remember in a spring training game, down in Miami we're playing the Ball of Memorials. On this particular day, I got a chance to win a game, so there's a runner at third, and I'm the hitter, and I hit a rocket down the third baseline, and I'm watching Brooks Robinson make a diving backhanded plays in foul territory now. Now I'm running down the line, as I take a kind of a look over there, sure enough he's laying in foul territory, but he got the ball. So now I know I got a hustle, so I'm busting down the line, and as I start getting closer to first base, Boog Powell is coming to the bag to take the throw. As I get to the bag, Boog Powell now breaks off the bag, right? And now I'm saying, hi, I got a chance to beat it. And right as I get to the bag, I see Brooks Robinson, his black glove, remember that black glove he used to wear, tags first base about that far in front of me. He beat me by that much. All the way across the diamond. It's the only five-unassisted play at first base in baseball ever. It's kind of amazing. I suppose I hadn't heard about that before. Well, no, that one I don't, I'm not very proud of it. That's why.