Hello my dear Patreons, I hope you are all well, and you are having wonderful time It's actually first Advent Sunday, and I nearly forgot I have to find our Advent Advent wreath with the candles and Light up first candle I'm coming not today. This video will be posted later in the week But I'm coming today Share with you a small gift. Maybe you do have someone who loves Books and I was thinking how beautiful it will be if we will have Gift for book lovers. So I'm coming today to share with you this beauty the night before Christmas So sorry for that The night before Christmas mini book With gift box. This is my first trying. I already sorted out everything. I did made the box slightly different But the book looks like this and I hope it's easy to put it together and it's really beautiful little book And if you will have magnifying glass, you can actually read all that book. It's from 1912 and it does have beautiful images and The story it's just gorgeous. So I'm coming today to share with you how you can put together this book What you need is just paper and printer for pages. I used 80 GSM paper It's very light printer paper and I use this paper just because I'm gonna be gluing Two parts always together like this one with this one and it will make one page So it's strong enough and it's kind of thick page once I glue all these together If I will use the heavier paper It will be just too heavy and this will get just too thick and I don't need that and for cover and the box I print on 160 GSM paper, but I'm gonna be using book pages and I will glue the book pages from the Kind of like on the back of that paper because I want to have book pages inside of that box They always looks amazing and I want to have a book pages also peaking out here. It's kind of like I don't know just Just something what I really like to do to have book pages peaking out Here and there. So a hundred sixty GSM on this and I'm gonna cover all background with book pages and 80 GSM For this one, so I'm gonna start with pages. I do have All these papers in two sizes a for size That's what I am using here And then I do have all these designs in US letter size as well The spread of this one, it's slightly different On a US letter size paper just because of the size of that paper So when you will print it out, you don't have actually this spread of the images You have a little bit different spread of the images like this one It's here and this is a little bit down and there is somewhere this picture And this is here on the bottom, but you will have everything like I do have here all those pieces. I mean Both of these sheets with pages, they do have here on the start small number one two three four Five six seven eight. That's for these strips And here on the end you have kind of like navigator. It's similar style like when I made that passport So we will cut these strips between and then glued strip number two Here strip number three Here where it's the number three, but before I will do so. I'm gonna grab a ruler And scoring tool and I'm gonna score all vertical lines I gave you here vertical lines to kind of help you With that folding later. So all these Vertical lines these I'm gonna score right now on both of these sheets So with the ruler and my scoring tool just between And score it will help me later To put together this these pages without struggling too much So always on that line which I Left there. I'm gonna score With my scoring tool Then because my printer is printing with that white frame around I will have to cut a little bit So all these vertical lines I'm gonna score first and this video will be also as a helping video for my Etsy customers. So Hello and thank you so much to all of you who bought this mini book. I hope you will have You will have a fun to create that book and then you will make someone very happy with your gift So I do have scored all these vertical lines Because my printer is printing with that white frame around.  I'm gonna grab pencil and I do have here one two three four. So These numbers I'm gonna write on the spots of these kind of like strips. So where there is number one I'm gonna write number one two three Four kind of like I can see through the paper Where those strips are going. So on those strips, I'm gonna write the number which is here Same on that other sheet. It will help me to navigate later which sheet Or which strip I should take now I'm gonna take my knife and ruler and I'm gonna cut off the white edge from the top Here where these numbers are And on the bottom if your printer is printing The image from the edge to the edge, you will have white strips just here and here Left together with those strips This one where you have glue here part so this Keep together with images. You can cut off this white Space Where these numbers are if you already wrote these numbers here Just make sure you will write it there Because then you can put together a book which is readable with magnifying glass, of course. So I'm gonna cut off All my white frame And I will come back once I do have just That rest with those strips So I do have my sheets prepared for cutting Horizontally so here between those strips I'm gonna cut in these lines where these kind of very um Very vibrant or visible Lines are there. I will be cut those strips Again with the knife and ruler And cut and because I did print out on this Light paper. I have to be careful. You'll probably need to Switch my knife to put the new one because I already ripped off a little bit the paper over there Just slightly But I did So I'm gonna cut all both of these sheets on strips like this Here you see here. I rip it off a slightly I do have cut my strips and I also place them in order one two three four five six seven eight So in this order, I'm gonna keep my strips right here. I'm gonna take a glue Oh shoot. Okay I'm gonna take this one And I'm gonna get up strip number one and here Glue here part two. So I'm gonna get up part two I'm gonna check it. I do have that part two and that part two should continue right here To make sure that I will glue those strips nice and straight I'm gonna take that part two and flip it over I'm gonna fold this white strip Now I'm gonna slide that part two to this fold and I'm gonna make sure that the rest It's matching that strip Before so I don't have it like this, you know, I do have it nice and straight Like this and here in that fold Oh, come on. Yeah, I'm gonna take my glue Put a glue on this small piece Fold it over and glue Now on this end I do have that white strip as well And I think I forgot to score it there. Look at me Score also that line between your pages and these white Parts that will help you to fold it now Okay, so I'm gonna fold that white piece over there. I'm gonna take another strip Part three. So I do have part three here. I'm gonna put the glue here on this white piece Take my part three Place it here And make sure that it's matching those strips before that it's linked nice and Straight with those strips before and again, I'm gonna fold this one here Don't forget to score here between those white strips and those pages as well It will help you to fold it on the right position. I totally forgot So now I have to do it myself and it's just not Good for making that book. It's better if you will have scored that part already Okay Do you have it here? I'm gonna take next strip. I do have here number four So I'm gonna check. I do have number four here and to make sure that I will don't place it upside down I'm gonna kind of like place it this way and flip it over Again match those strips before so I do have my last strip Strip glued on the last strip. I forgot to cut that white piece So I'm gonna cut it off Because I don't need it there and now I'm gonna start to fold And it's very easy. I'm gonna start from the start actually And these should be folded this way And then just like accordion opposite way And this way so here you can see why I told you that it's better to pre-score it because You will have much much easier way To fold the book together this way And this way so accordion style On one side and then on opposite side and because I did pre-score my papers. It's going much much easier Then if I will have to you know find now Where to fold And what to do so with this I'm gonna Fold all that book And I will come back so I do have my accordion book Prepared and because I don't want to have this like accordion book I'm gonna have it glued together those pages like one strong piece not like this one So I'm gonna open it. I think I do have wrong clue This one yes So this needs to be glued together these two. So I'm gonna open it there Put the glue on that space and fold this back And I'm gonna open it next one And because you know because I glued this so this will help me to open the next one which should be glued So I will don't miss anything. Hopefully Fold this back and press It's not too many pages So I don't mind that this is a little bit slower process and I'm gonna lift it up I do have here next one And I'm gonna place it back And press and always I'm trying to watch if I'm not not making kind of like angle with gluing my pages And I will have to be careful with that glue and I'm gonna lift it up And put the glue here So with this process I'm gonna continue till the end And move that So I do have my mini book block done I need to separate few pages where the glue Were kind of over the edge but Overall, it's holding nicely I'm gonna be gluing here over the spine also some reinforcement But before I will do so I'm gonna use my scissors and With those scissors. I'm gonna kind of distress the top bottom and The side of my book block the side where The opposite side of the spine of that book block. So Here are pages Here is the spine. So this opposite side I'm gonna distress with my Scissors as well To make it look more worn more vintage And as I said that top and bottom this also helps to make the pages Kind of like in the same same size or you know In the same shape and I'm gonna take a vintage photo and my Lovely distress ink and with that I'm gonna color the edges of My book or that book block to make it look more Born So that's my mini book block I do have here this small piece of fabric And I think over that spine. I will need just it's actually exactly size. That's perfect So over that spine.  Oh, yeah, that's my scissors. I will need to sharp them. Okay I'm gonna take a pva glue here. It's opening of my book So where those book pages are glued.   Okay, now I'm gonna let it dry And I'm gonna take the paper where I do have box And the front and back cover. I'm gonna take book pages and glue book pages on the back side of this paper I do have that book page in the back side and I'm cutting all these pieces So now the box and I didn't try it yet. So hopefully That will work We will see if I did measure everything right So here This will be flap Or a lid of the box Here I need to cut small notch. It's kind of invisible So here a slightly In the angle Not the lid of the box, but this small piece slightly in the angle kind of like this Same will be on the bottom. It's not Visible that much as I want it So here straight and this one slightly in the angle Like this, I'm not sure which which way you can see that better And same will be here on this side Here straight We should and here in the angle It's very small box. So There are kind of tight spaces between Okay Here straight and here in the angle Here in the angle And here in the angle And for the box, I'm gonna take back my ruler And knife the scoring Tool and I'm gonna score All these spaces which should be folded so The edge of the flap Or the lid Here Here on the bottom Side of the box And here is last one. So now I can fold all these And we will see if my measurement was right or wrong This way This way So first I'm gonna keep this folded like this here I can see the spine or the side of the box the opposite side is folded here I'm gonna lift it up. I'm gonna lay down this I'm gonna put a glue on this flap my straight So I'm gonna put the glue on this small flap Try try try try try Okay, we are working I think we are working Oh, yeah, we are working now So now I can fold this Side of the box with that edge I'm gonna kind of like Lift it this way and fold it opposite way And press and again kind of like lift it Now these two sides are going inside Then this red one and then over it it's going this That was the night before Christmas Here I'm gonna put the glue I'm gonna fold this over I'm gonna take my bone folder and from inside I'm gonna press The papers together and now I can fold this one. Oh, come on. Oh, I think These sides need to be slightly Cut it down here And here as well just slightly to make that space for the Lid now close it And close the lid Much much better So I do have a box. Yay And now I'm gonna bring back all those pieces for the book cover This can go to the box and I do have here that was the night before Christmas I do have here this one I do have here the piece which will also create the spine just gonna Try to fold it over Hopefully we will see and I do have these two pieces. I'm gonna grab back my ruler and that Scoring thingy and I'm gonna score always from the corner here to the corner here and I'm gonna Twist or you know Yeah twist my piece and score all four these Parts from the corner here to that opposite corner there Same I'm gonna do with that next part Once I do have scored all these Sides I'm gonna fold The opposites and then fold these Other opposites and I'm gonna check. Yeah this way So the piece this piece it's not exactly square As you can see if I will place it this way one side is longer. So these long sides Will be glued first So long side. I'm gonna glue it first We are reinforcing that piece. So long sides first And then I'm gonna glue these short sides over those long sides Here And here same I'm gonna do With that next piece. So again, I'm gonna fold it. I think this one is longer Yeah, I can see that straight away. So this and that opposite I'm gonna glue first And then then those short sides I'm gonna take this green piece I'm gonna try it one more time if I'm not too far too back I think this way it can go And I'm gonna take those Two basics and these will be glued right here and right here I'm gonna Add the glue Kind of on the inside and then place this red piece With the slight amount Here on the edge something like if I will create very teeny Tiny small frame I'm gonna grab that next part Place it there Right here and again just teeny tiny small little Frame nothing too big just really teeny tiny small piece And always Check before your glue will get glued properly if you can actually wrap it around If you are not missing, you know, if you will use some thicker paper This Will have to be glued First around your book cover or book block if you are making this book block from thicker paper Make sure that you will glue first this green paper Around so then you will see Where the writing is but here I can see that I do have it quite big So I can actually glue it the way I want Need to wait to make sure it will get glued I'm gonna take these small pieces And I think I'm gonna distress these first so I distress all including the box I do have this my little book cover. I'm gonna grab the glue I want to have this The title This way So I'm gonna glue here the front And here the back Of the book cover And it does have very teeny tiny small frame The base it's slightly bigger a little bit of glue here and let it dry one more time To make sure that this will hold nicely And I'm gonna grab my book block check which is the front. So this is the back cover Back of my book.  This is very small book That's so that it's much more easy to do with this small book That way the spine got curved and I do have here this beautiful Beautiful curved spine Now I need to let it dry before I will try to open that book and manage that book. So I'm gonna let it dry just gonna Try if I can fit Into my little box And I can put that those gift vouchers I'm gonna take off my book because I'm gonna clip it all together Now I'm gonna let it dry. I'm gonna take a clips paper clips and kind of make sure That everything especially here It's gonna get glued And once it's dry and I'm sure that everything holds nicely I can place my mini book into my mini gift box and that's all done So I hope you did Enjoy it. I hope you will have a fun with these uh with these epimeras And you will like to create this mini book. It's a really gorgeous book I saw it many times in movies, you know in christmas movies Like christmas pageant. I think it's called christmas pageant So I hid that many times, but I never did that. So I'm glad that I do have that book right here And I can share it with you. So this is my sharing Thank you so so much for jumping in today. Thank you so much for spending your time with me Thank you so much to all of my patreons for all your amazing support I hope you know how much I appreciate that and thank you so much also for all my customers Who bought this book.  Take care about yourself and I will see you soon on patreon or on youtube. Bye


Do you know what OpenID Connect is? While Auth2 is designed to handle delegated authorization, OpenID Connect is a protocol that uses Auth2 to implement an authentication flow, which can optionally add a way to get information about the user. Imagine, for example, you have a restaurant application that allows authenticated users to book tables. By using OpenID Connect, instead of dealing with the credentials of these users, your application will offload the authentication process to another service like Google, Facebook, or OutZero. Now you know what OpenID Connect is, and this has been Identity in a Minute.


Hello again everyone and welcome to our Live and Fairly Parallel session. I'm delighted to be joined today by two Cateys, Catey Dallison and Catey Stripe who join us from Imperial College for their presentation BYOP. Love a good acronym. BYOP, bring your own portfolio, what to do when you have no or many institutional portfolio tools. So without further ado, I'm going to hand over to Catey and Catey. Enjoy the session. Hi, good morning. So I will start with a little bit of housekeeping. So I am presenting through Mentimeter. So you should see the code at the top of my slides and I think it will appear in the chat shortly. All of my slides are on Mentimeter so you can follow them on another device. There will be points where I ask you to contribute. You should see little icons in the bottom corner. So if I am speaking it will be a heart. If Catey is speaking it will be a cat. Give us some love. It makes us feel better. You know, thumbs up if you think we're interesting, thumbs down if you can't hear us or you know if you think we're boring. And the questions in the chat please. Also, Catey has warned me this morning that she's having internet issues. So if I start waffling like I don't know what I'm talking about it because they're her slides and I don't know what I'm talking about. So this is us. If you have any sensible questions, please direct them to Erin Simpson, the project manager. But generally we are more than happy to talk about any and all aspects of our project. So we're going to talk to you today about portfolios and the different options that are available for using them, sharing them, etc., with students. So we'll look a little bit at what portfolio is, our problem with portfolios and our context surrounding it and the solution or something resembling a solution that we found to deal with it. And then maybe a little bit about what comes next. So my first question to you is what is a portfolio? You should see this on Mentimeter.  So it is a portfolio, a collection of work to be addressed, assessed, a demonstration of learning, a personal collection of learning assets, a way of achieving professional recognition, an exhibition of work, a skills audit or something else. Come on, it's more than two people. There's got to be more than two people. So that's that person. Top choice seems to be a collection of learning assets. Given an audience of sea malt holders, I would have expected a little bit more love for the way of achieving professional recognition. Give you a couple more seconds to share your thoughts. But a skills audit, Katie, that was your vote was a skills audit. No love for that, I'm afraid. Okay, so as I think we can see from your answers, portfolios are everywhere. You know, we use them for our students. We do use them for our own professional development. And of course, most of us will have a sea malt portfolio and probably a HAA portfolio as well. So it's not just for the students that we use these portfolios. So my next question is, does your institution have a defined portfolio tool? No, seems to be the general answer. Quite a lot of you seem to have institutional tools. This is interesting. Okay, someone in the chat is saying that we're a little bit behind.  Okay, so the general majority seem to have an institutional portfolio tool. I don't really have time in this session to ask you what they are, but I did a little bit of research for me with starting to prepare for this presentation. And I found a lot. And there were a lot of options for different tools available for student portfolios. Some of them are specific portfolio tools.  So that kind of leads us on to our major problem, which I will now hand over to Katie for. Cheers, Katie. And so before we start, I'll just let you know, I'm Katie Dellison, Stripey didn't introduce herself. I am a, it's okay, she was doing lots of other things. I'm a careers consultant at Imperial. So I'm not a learning technologist. However, I have been thrown together with the wonderful Katie Stripe, who is a learning technologist. And has this introduced me to this wonderful design and learning technology. And I'm very much enjoying navigating it. And I'm just going to say hello to Peter. I'm a Kiwi, not an Australian. Sorry about that. But well done for joining us at 1030 at night. That's super. So I guess what our problem was at Imperial is there wasn't one portfolio. There were just hundreds. And we could just choose what I wanted, what we wanted to use or didn't want to use. And it was a bit confusing. Well, from my end, as quite new to the learning design side of things, when Stripes was giving me different options. And I was sort of like, but none of them quite fitted what we were after. And what we were trying to achieve and what we needed the portfolio for wasn't something that was necessary, necessarily going to fit into what else was out there. And the reason this was is because so we've been put together on a project. We'd actually bid it for the funding and managed to get this to create an online learning tool for, which is called attributes and aspirations. And the idea was that our students out, particularly our master's students, weren't getting enough career support, they weren't getting enough instruction on transferable skills or not instruction, but the ability to develop those transferable skills. So we're working with academics, we're working with employers, we're working with all these different people to try and pull together some content that was actually going to support our master's students, firstly, at being better students, but also helping them in that one year program. So in the UK, so we've got a bit of an international audience, in the UK, we have a one year master's program. It isn't really enough time to sort out your career if you haven't got an idea of what you want your career to be when you come in. So a lot of the content around careers support wasn't able to get into the curriculum because they were too busy learning about all the stuff they needed for their master's. So our students needed this extra support, they needed it in a way they could access it when they sort of got to that, I'm going to say desperation point, or when they realised they needed it, which wasn't always when I thought they needed it. And we needed to have the career support alongside developing transferable skills like, I mean, I remember having a conversation with an academic who basically said, oh, we get them to do group work and we ask them to do lots of reflection. I said, oh, do you teach them how to reflect? Do you teach them how to work in a group? And they were sort of like, oh, no, not really, they should know that. And when you actually speak to the students, they don't really know that. So what we wanted to do was put together this course and try and blend together this idea of transferable skills and careers and give them something that they could use going forward in their life, but also something that's going to be really handy when they're a master's student. And we needed that to make sense. So we put together this course based on these three pillars, which we, which focus on this idea of, you know, you need to reflect actually for career stuff, you need to network, which I know everyone always shies away from whenever I say the word network, we teach the students how to network. I get lots of requests for academics to use that course. But then we wanted to bring it all together in a portfolio style element. And I had already created a thing called plan me, which is to help students plan that career, or at least understand it and put some structure in it. That's always been my problem as a careers consultant. I was always struggling with career planning because there's no structure in it. So we found, well, I designed this, this plan called plan me, it was going to be called project me, that that's a ruby trademark somewhere else. And there's a, we'll pop a link up in the chat so people can sort of better understand it. But basically, it works really well in the form of a portfolio where you're looking at is these things you're trying to decide between and to decide between them, you need to do these things, basically to get to a point where you know enough information to make that decision, or when you've got enough evidence around the skills that you're developing. So we decided that we would implement plan me as kind of one of the foundations, but also use it as a structure to build the portfolio around before we went out and tried to find a portfolio that would work. So that's kind of what we were looking at to make that structure and to create those things. Strax, do you want to move to the next slide? So obviously, reflection is kind of key to the course we've developed and we embedded it in throughout the course. So it is a completely online course and it's got interactive elements throughout it. But one of the keys to every unit has at least one point where we ask them to write something in their plan me or their reflective portfolio. So it is very much throughout the course, which of course means we have to give them some idea, some suggestion of how we do that. And as Katie said, we don't have an institutional portfolio tool. I've seen some chat in the comments about Blackboard. And yes, I mean, we could use Blackboard. We could use one of the other portfolios that are available across college, but none of them really fitted with what we wanted to do. So ultimately, we decided not to do any of those things. So we start the course basically by saying, you know, this is your professional portfolio. We hope that it will be useful for you during your studies. And once you've left, once you move into a PhD or a career or whatever's next. So pick something that works for you. And we gave them some options. We have pretend students in our course that kind of navigate things for the students. So each of our archetypal, avatar students, we have whole presentations on this, if you want more information on them. Each of those pretend students has their own plan me. And we built them and developed them in different tools. So the ones we share in the course are one note, because we have it available. Mind view, because it is part of the core set of tools that we provide for our staff and students. Padlet, because he doesn't love Padlet. Google Drive, as a kind of more generic, you know, if you just want to stuff some documents in a place, you know, why not use Google Drive? Other mobile phone applications are available. And of course, you know, simple paper and pen, because some people, me included, like to write things on paper and scroll things, you know. And ultimately, the idea of the portfolio is to collect things that are going to be useful for you, which you can go back and reflect on, on which you can use. So our solution was very simply, there is no solution. So we decided not to try and force it on students, give them some options and, you know, well aware that students may find other things, other tools that they might want to use, and that's fine. You know, as a learning technologist, I understand that this isn't necessarily the best solution across the board. But much as with the bring your own device, kind of, that happened over the last five years, I think that there is now too much choice for us to ethically be able to say, well, we've picked this one because we like it, so you have to use it. And there are, of course, other, the engineering, Katie, help me with the engineering things in their portfolio. So as we rolled it out, we started out with medical, so the medicine faculty, which Strapi knows really well, so they don't have the portfolio, but engineering do have elements of portfolio, because they are obviously creating a portfolio to be able to get professional accreditation. Some of the doctors that we might be rolling this out to will also have their e-learning portfolio that they've got that they need to get revalidated every year. So we didn't want to pick one that was then going to be embedded into the course that wasn't going to work for the various different students. So a big part of AA is that it's tailored for each student, and we do that using our avatars and our mock students. But it also meant that we needed the flexibility for students to be able to choose what was going to work for them or for their departments to choose what was going to work for them, which I know kind of goes against exactly what Katie Strapi said, but some of them are going to need that flexibility for professional reasons. This is typical of the departments. I've held them the right thing to do, and they normally happen all the time. Back to you, Ms Darlison. So at the moment, we have ethics approval to do further research into our course and how students are receiving it. Unfortunately, due to COVID, we have not been able to activate that because we've not been able to hire PhD students to do our data collection. However, we have got quite a lot of qualitative evidence that's come back from students, and much of that focuses on how they enjoy the flexibility within AA. So the idea that they get to choose the portfolio that works for them is very much something that they like. They can then reflect and add their reflections as they make sense. They can alter everything as they need to. And so our student response has been pretty overwhelmingly positive. Obviously, we want to look into this, but we've been collecting feedback as we go along. And much of the feedback is based on the kind of underpinning elements of that plan, me, as well as some of the interactive bits, but all of them seem to be very positive around being able to do it for themselves. And also means that it's not tied to their university login, which is another thing they quite liked actually. It was interesting, we didn't expect that, but they quite liked that it sat in a different place to all of their kind of university work because it meant that it was theirs. They didn't need to worry about it disappearing when they finish university. They can take it all with them. And that was another thing that obviously when you're only at uni for a year with us, they really liked that response going forward. So we are looking further into it, but our student response on a whole has been incredibly positive. There hasn't been any confusion. So I was a bit worried, are we giving them too many options? But actually by giving our avatars an example of each different portfolio, it's actually meant that they've got those things to see examples to play with, if you like. So that doesn't seem to have been a problem so far. We will continue to monitor. What was more interesting, and if Katie wants to go to the next slide, was actually- So you do know what I put in the slide. I did. I got a quick look. Usually I just talk, sorry. But what was actually really interesting, bearing in mind that it's a course that's related to employment afterwards and PhDs moving forward basically, was I've talked about this to lots of different employers that take on our master students. And they really like the idea that the student gets to choose the various, make their own decisions around these sorts of things because it's actually very reflective of what they're going to have to do when they move into a job or when they take on a PhD. So this idea that what we're trying to do in the course, actually we've been able to make that part of the infrastructure of the course as well in that sense that everything is reflecting what you're going to have to do when you become kind of a grown-up, which was a comment that one of our students gave us. Actually, it was the same student that kind of said, it helped me figure it out. I didn't want to do a PhD, which was terrifying at the time, but very, very glad that I found that out then as opposed to when I did a PhD. So in terms of that employer context, they're quite liking the idea that students have got this flipped approach and actually being able to see that students are able to choose and defend the options that they're making as generally part of an interview process anyway. So we've seen students using these examples within interviews too. So we're continuing to gather this information. We've only run the course for one full cycle and we're in the middle of our second cycle, which we've introduced employers, sorry, the engineering and our Faculty of Natural Science version goes live on the 4th of January. So we will be gathering more data and we'll definitely be looking at putting more of this information out as we go through. So I think that's me, that's us. So I will just pick up a couple of questions from Tell Team, which is it Reading the Tell Team? So one of the questions are all of your options tools that we have licenses for, i.e. checked by the IT team? No, one note obviously is a core tool. Our MindView is part of a core package. We do provide pen and paper occasionally to the students. We are very conscious when we sort of tell them these and provide these options that if they use one note, there is no guarantee that once they have left, they will still have access to it. Likewise with the MindView, we tell them that this is an institutional tool. So you're kind of locked into keeping it. We don't provide any support with any of these tools. We don't have the capacity to do that. So it is very much a look. Here are options. Pick what works for you and do what you need or how you need to manage it with that. So the next question is around data security. Quite a good question actually. We don't necessarily highlight the data implications of using tools like Padlet. Perhaps we should. But equally, we are telling them that they're on their own and that they may need to take some responsibility for this themselves. I don't fully understand the question about the summative assessments, but nothing that is done in AA is assessed and we do not ask or want to read any of their reflections. They are completely personal. So there's nothing that... We have ethics approval to study this, but Katie will clarify. I don't think there's any idea of... Sorry, tell team from Winchester, my apologies. I don't think there's any need to or desire to look at any of the reflections. You might want to unmute yourself to continue talking, Katie. Oh, that's important. Yeah, it's probably best you couldn't hear me when I was trying to butt in. I think we designed AA and actually it's really interesting because we're trying to evaluate it in some ways. But we designed it so that really students didn't need to finish modules. They didn't need to complete things. They could do it in... None of it was assessed. So it was completely up to them as to how they engaged in it, which means that actually in terms of those traditional evaluation methods of completion and kind of engagement, I mean, we can't see how many of them use their portfolios for the reflection that's completely theirs. So we're now struggling a little bit on how do we evaluate it and we're having to create new ways of evaluating it in some ways because it's designed to not be evaluated in those normal ways, which is probably another question that we haven't been asked. So I will not try and answer it right now. I'm just looking at Neil's comment there about doing the student struggle with making a decision of which tools to pick. We've not heard of the students struggling. It doesn't mean they don't. We've not had any feedback on that. So we have got some focus groups. We'll be running some focus groups and we're going to ask some of these more specific questions to them in this follow-up focus group. So our first focus group was more general, but this one we'll look at. I've spoken to quite a few students who are using AA and they all seem to be using slightly different tools and very surprisingly, I've spoken to probably five and one-to-one appointments. So I work with the General Career Service as well and all five of them were using something completely different and two of them were using very much a paper-based, which surprised me because I thought that they were way cooler than me and I use the paper-based option. So what they were saying, actually one of them did say that they started with one and then moved to another because it was working better for them. So clearly I guess the nice thing is that there's that copy and paste option so they can wriggle around between them if they choose. But yeah, I'm sorry Neil, I can't give you a definitive answer, although I am a careers consultant and we never give definitive answers anyway, just to clarify. But our students are pretty good at telling us when they don't like things. So you know, our first pilot year, we took a lot of feedback. So they probably would have told us if they were like, oh stop making us make decisions. Although if they told that, we'd probably just told them to do the decision making unit. Yeah, we did get one student who said, I don't like to reflect. That was a less helpful comment. Probably this isn't the course for you. And maybe moving forward you may struggle a little bit in your life. But that's okay. It was good to get every comment that we got. So I don't think we've got any more questions in the chat. We just have a lot of praise for the session. Also the tail team correcting you that they're from Winchester. But other than that, lots of praise and comments there around that. But no further questions I can see. I might be cheeky and ask one of my own if you don't mind. Did you notice much of a difference in what tools the students preferred over what the staff preferred? Did you find there was a bit of a conflict there over ones that were easy for staff but maybe not so easy for students? I think that, how to say this diplomatically, with our staff, assuming our staff have any kind of preference over technology is bold. So we have institutional tools which are universally disliked by staff and students. So I think the staff probably like the fact that we're putting the responsibility on somebody else so they don't have to think about it. Would be my hunch, but that is entirely sub-position. Yeah, I would agree with that. I think that it all, so the fact that AA was developed when the move to online because of COVID happened. So we were in our first full year we'd run a pilot. The staff were incredibly happy that they had something that they could use straight away, which kind of tells you how advanced some of the imperial teaching methods were in that dual zone. And I think that most universities, to be fair, had a similar situation. But what we did find was that a lot of the staff were very much more interested in AA as soon as we had to move online. And actually some of our units had been used in curriculum because they were there, they were ready to go. So things like our critical learning and things like that. So yeah, I would agree with Katie that probably they're not so bothered as long as they don't have to really fully understand it. But actually, and we alluded to it earlier with the particularly engineering departments that there is a certain amount of departmental pressure to pick one. And they ask us for help. And we're like, sorry, we can't pick one. But we also discuss it with them to help them to understand why we can't pick one. It was a very diplomatic answer. Thank you. All that's left for me to say is, first of all, fantastic hat, Katie. Love it. Feeling very underdressed now. But thank you both for coming and speaking to us today about your portfolio journey and to all of you that have been watching this session. And I hope you enjoy the rest of the conference. We're welcome. Welcome to get in touch with us if you want to chat further about anything.


On day 9 of the inaugural 50th Street tour, I visited the official Devo Museum and stayed at the Harmony Hostel on Beech Mountain. A complete series of videos and interviews will come later this month after the tour is over. Meanwhile, follow 50th Street for tour updates every day.


Hey guys, how are you doing? This is Rich from RichTVLive and I wanted to talk to you about Enthusiast gaming holdings, Inc. EGLX in Canada Discover the red-hot market that counts Drake. That's right Drake Music mogul Drake and Michael Jordan basketball icon Multi-billionaire Michael Jordan as early investors and that Goldman Sachs recently predicted is going to quickly surpass MLB, which is major league baseball and NHL in viewership That's right discover the red-hot market that counts Drake and Michael Jordan as early investors and That Goldman Sachs recently predicted is going to quickly surpass MLB and NHL in viewership currently at 97 cents The market cap of forty three point three nine million and volume of two hundred eighty six thousand This is a company you need to put on full alert put on your watches put on your radar right now Financial reporter who foresaw the pot investment craze says this market is the next big thing Find out why Enthusiast gaming on the TSX venture under the symbol EGLX and in America on the OTC QB exchange under EGH IF is uniquely positioned to play a prominent role in the future Market growth while investors have been busy studying the US and Canadian pop markets Another market has been quietly exploding in value led in particular by e-sports That market is video gaming and I love video games my kids love video games Especially my son the rapid growth it has been Experiencing has financial reporter Chris Perry who first picked up on the rising popularity of pot investing Saying that video gaming is now what pot was back in 2015 I Say pardon in other words him and other industry experts believe that this market and companies like Enthusiast gaming Once again EGLX in Canada EGH IF are set to see rapid growth in the future and there is a picture of Michael Jordan and Drake Already Michael Jordan has invested in e-sports startup Axiomatic gaming which owns the professional gaming franchise team liquid Also Canadian rap giant Drake has acquired co-ownership of 100 thieves a lifestyle apparel and e-sports company These two entrepreneurs are not the only early market investors New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft New York Mets executive Jeff Wilpawn and LA Rams owner Stan Cronkey have all invested in Activision blizzards new Overwatch e-sports League all of this growth and investment in video gaming is good news for Enthusiast gaming Which is currently the largest independent online gaming network in North America? Wow It's gonna be big e-sports is quickly becoming one of the largest spectator sports in the world with the global audience expected to total 456 million in 2019 earlier this year Goldman Sachs made a head-turning prediction This was the prediction e-sports will soon surpass major league baseball and national hockey league in viewership numbers and match Even the NFL's much-a-vaunted audience figures in five short years. That is mind-boggling Goldman Sachs cited new zoos latest global e-sports market report which reported that global e-sports Economy will grow to 905 point six million this year a 38% year-over-year increase with a global audience of 380 million comprising 165 million enthusiasts and 215 million casual viewers you can see that The numbers are all broken down there with the NFL having 270 million major league baseball having 114 million NHL having 65 million and the NBA having 231 million and Look at this e-sports currently at 167 million with Projected 276 million by 2022 that is absolutely Staggering but even with all the recent growth the video gaming market is still young and flying Somewhat under the radar, but that won't last for much longer It is projected that the global gaming market will generate up to a hundred and fifty billion in revenue in 2019 wow as More and more investors look for ways to tap into the market's explosive growth one company That is beginning to capture attention is currently little known enthusiast gaming Enthusiast gaming has transformed it just the past few years from one gaming blog and a tiny operation hosting in-person gaming meet-ups and Tournaments in small bars to one of the fastest-growing gaming networks in North America While enthusiast gaming is selling out entire venues with their huge live gaming expo events with over 30,000 attendees at the last e-g lx event in October 2018 its greatest asset remains a massive active online community of over 75 million unique visitors per month and growing Wow Enthusiast network is becoming the number one platform for brands targeting the gaming demographic Over the past few years the gaming industry has racked up some impressive windfalls for investors as well as for Brands such as NVIDIA take two and China's 10 cent and yet We may still be witnessing the tip of the gaming iceberg according to gamescape Approximately 39% of the total US gaming audience are in the coveted and hard-to-market 25 to 34 age range while 61% of 18 plus viewers earn over and above average $50,000 a year not surprising then that Advertising and sponsorship dollars are pouring into the gaming industry and the increases are accelerating every year Look at the viewer profile. Look at this. They are not students living on subsidiaries They watch e-sports from games. They don't play They don't tune in only for finals. They believe e-sports is real sports They are into traditional sports, too. They spend money on e-sports 31 million people in the United States have watched e-sports another 24 million are interested in watching This is a booming industry more importantly still new zoo says the average revenue per enthusiast is currently 3.64 dollars which pales in comparison with average revenue per NBA fan for instance, which is $15 this figure is expected to rise to 660 by 2021 an increase of over 80% e-sports pulling in the biggest names in major league sports with audience figures and revenue Perspectator projected to rise significantly in countries such as the United States and China It seems we are on the cusp of a golden age for gaming as a spectator sport More investment capital than ever is flowing into the gaming industry with epic games Just this October announcing a 1.25 billion in new investment The largest funding round for a new company according to pitchbook data as the creator of fortnight Currently the world's most popular video game epic now boasts investments from Kleiner Perkins light speed venture partners KKR Exo-Matic Vulcan capital iconic capital as well as from minority stakeholders Disney 10 cent and Endeavour Funding rounds for gaming companies promised to continue on this upward trajectory with the previous high of 550 million raised less than 18 months before that by C limited a Singapore based online gaming portal for Southeast Asia Meanwhile e-sports leagues and teams have begun attracting investor attention for some of the most well-known Titans in big league sports in 2017 New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft New York Mets executive Jeff Wilpawn and LA Rams owner Stan Cronkey all invested into Activision Blizzard's new Overwatch e-sports league when asked why he invested 20 million in an overwatch sports team craft began with the obvious an increasing number of youth these days watch would much rather watch Interactive video games then sit passively for three hours in front of a sports game. This is a new world people You need to pay attention and what I do here wish to be live I bring in the winners and I bring them to you first I want to know have you ever heard of this company before as anyone ever told you about this company before or am I the first Now remember risk TV live is strictly for education and entertainment purposes Always do your due diligence always do your research before you invest anything that we talk about here wish to be live Each of these US 3 US sports giants have now sunk tens of millions into the funding of one of 12 franchises Based across the United States making it the most ambitious league in e-sports the overwatch league promises to attract more exposure than any other e-sports league and recently inked a deal to broadcast hours of contact on the flagship ESPN network ESPN to Disney XD ABC and its family of streaming services even Michael Jordan is now getting in on the action jumping into a 26 million series C funding round for Axiomatic the parent company of Team Liquid in Netherlands based professional e-sports organization This is huge. This is absolutely huge So I want to know what you guys think comment down below Enthusiast gaming e-g lx on the Toronto Stock Venture Exchange e-g hi f on the OTC QB. I've brought it to you first remember if you're not winning you're not watching I think enthusiast gaming has a chance to explode It's got some of the biggest and most powerful entrepreneurs in the world involved So why not explode I? Think it might I want to know what you think and key Analysts are also growing increasingly bullish on gaming and e-sports as a historic investment opportunity Pot in 2015 is e-sports in 2018. Can you imagine? Can you just imagine? When Meneshi Kestenbaum founder and CEO of Enthusiast gaming Accomplished in three short years may seem miraculous But it is actually a reflection of how quickly the industry has exploded in the past few years Consider the fact that his enthusiast got off to a humble start online with one blog called Nintendo enthusiast and offline packing a local Toronto pub with 120 gamers every Sunday these days enthusiast gaming e-g lx in Canada e-g HIF shatters its own impressive records year after year for the largest gaming convention in Canada It's latest enthusiast gaming live Expo e-g lx held in October 2018 hosted over 30,000 at the sold-out Metro Toronto Convention Center Wow This is big. This is huge at e-g lx this year fans watch two major e-sports tournaments Including the Canadian finals for the world electronic sports games WESG sponsored by Ali sports a division of Alibaba and LG ultra gear which put 150,000 Canadian in prize money up for grabs e-g lx also hosted the twitch and Capcom sponsored Canada Cup 2018 which had a prize pool of over 50,000 Canadian this is unbelievable Enthusiast gaming is built by gamers for gamers and connects the community across more than one touch point that continues to grow at a staggering rate I Think this is gonna be huge and he heard it here first. Stay tuned. I'm gonna bring you more information on this company This is just the beginning I think this bad boy is going to be huge and like usual your boy rich brings it to you first If you like this video smash the like button comment down below. What do you think about? Enthusiast gaming is it a big winner currently at 97 cents in Canada and you heard it here first from your boy rich if you're not winning you're not watching enthusiast gaming I'm out. Peace


I am so excited. I finally have the new Ray-Ban Meta glasses. They've been out for a few weeks, but I'm older So I needed to get Progressive lenses so I could see things up close and up front. What I love about them. The speaker system is amazing I can tap to play music all of a sudden. I've got great music just flowing all through my head I can turn them up and turn them down by swiping forward and back a lot like the old Google Glass used to work Except that actually will swipe through time like your time one Unlike the other ones These came in about three different styles and a lot of colors you can pair now two pairs So I can have my old pair my new pair maybe a pair of sunglasses paired with them The other thing that's pretty amazing about them is you no longer have to say hey Facebook And you can literally refer to them as meta, which is very meta, but you could say hey meta How long does it take to boil an egg? And it thinks for a second and it comes back in the answer So 15 minutes Although it said I can fry an egg in three to five minutes So pretty cool the case much smaller than the last case as you can see the cases are pretty The thickness is unique. You can also charge in the case pro tip If you're like me and you're always losing your glasses keep an air tag in your case last but not least is one of my favorite things It's a real retro throwback. If you look very carefully at the glasses They very much have a clear Frame and what the clear frame does is allows you to actually see the technology in There's you can see the circuit boards and things which is such a throwback to early 90s or sorry late 90s Computers and max everything. So that's it. If you don't have a pair get a pair They're relatively relatively inexpensive. It's great being able to take a photo really fast and people lose their minds You want to capture people losing their minds quick? That's been the fastest review I've ever done. I don't do reviews. I don't have time to be content creator. Look at me It's all the time comes to being me


Felly mae'n mynd i amdano i gael i ei wneud yn ddublon, ond oedd i'n ddublon yn gweinig er mwyn i'n cymrall corecau daeth y byddwch ar holl yma. A'r meddwl yma, dyma yw yma, felly ddim yn y gael i'ch gael i'r maeith amdano i'r argynnu, ac yn ddwy'r cymryd yma, mae'r gyflawneth eich bod yw eu cefnaleis, ac yn gyflawn hefyd yn ymgyrch, mae'r cyffredig yn meddwl i'ch gweinig ym embrace bwysig. ac am ymlaen i ni i ddweud yn ymddangos yn y cynhyrchu cymdeithasol. Rydyn ni'n credu caeth fy modd i chi. Rydyn ni'n credu bod ymlaen i ni ddweud 3 cymorthol syniadau, wedi'u lluniau i gyd yma yn ei ddweud yn ysgol iawn, a rydyn ni'n maes i ddweud rysgwyr, i'r cymorthol syniadau i ddweud yma i'r cymorthol syniadau yn y lluniau syniadau yma yn y lluniau. Rydyn ni'n credu fyddwch chi'n cymorthol syniadau. there there is and that just it's a question of the rise of nationalism or another way of putting it just sort of from the political center is where those previous three crisis meet, and that's one of the themes of what I'm going to try and say today is that although in many ways Russia on the Middle East, the Euro crisis, they have very different roots, very different patterns, the common denominator it seems to me as that they're helping to fracture politics, as we've known it, with some decades now, you've had a kind of mainstream agreement centrist domination of European politics in the major countries that it's then been without as quite realising it a critical to the functioning of the European Union as when you have these 28 countries meeting, it's very important that you don't have too many a'r Fyliadau Gwladau, y Fyliadau Ffrancau yng Nghaertyn, ond y cyfrifysgau ym mwyn, yng Nghymru ym Mhwy, yn ddod i'r rhan i'r ffodol. Ond, rwy'n rhaid i'n… Dwi'n rhaid i'n siŵr i'n ddwy'n cael ei gydag o'i amser ymlaen yma a'r hyn o'i gynhyrch. Yn ymlaen i'r ffodol, mae'r cyfrifysgau i'r gyrchau a'r hyn o'n gwych i'r ffodol o'i gydag ymlaen. Roedd ddim yn ymddych chi'n gweithio arddangos i'w gwneud amserolol. Yn y gallwn gwneud eich bodi amser o'r rhwstdiadau, y peth yn wedi'i ddweud i chi gweithio yn ei fod yn y rhan o'r ysgrifennu, sy'n ffordd arall, roedd y rysg y gallwn yn ymlaen i'r ddechrau. Mae'r ddweud yn y casg oherwydd maen nhw, mae'n oes yn bilydd i blod i'r cyffin Afterwards, ond mae'n ddechrau elent, llawer o'r rai o'r ei fawr. Dwi'n meddech chi'n ystod a ble oedd hwnnw i gael y cyntaf yma lloi yma, ac mae hynny hi'n meddwl i'r ddweud yn bwynt gyda leodaf a ni wedi'u mwylo'r bod arlasig. Roedd yn yn ymddangos, oedd Yn yn ymddangos ddweud a Roedd Rysg Yn. Ac rydyn ni'n dweud hynny hwnnw i'r ddweud i hynny. How does the West respond as events unfold? Have we got it right? Are we making it worse? I think that one of the thing that makes us anxious about Russia is that so far Putin has shown a consistent ability to surprise on the downside had a crisis in his last 15 months. Felly, mae'r bloddau ychydig yn gallu cyntaf arwagaeth, yn gallu bod hi'n meddwl i thwyg iawn, a notification tyfydd hyn am eich cyfancion yn rhoi, i ffordd unrhyw ymgyrch iawn. Ac maen nhw'n ei ffordd ond gan Gwasanaeth Brytych yr Ffantysiaeth democr area. Mae Bwydhwch ei ddweud ymchydig, wrth gwrs, yr mynd i ddigwethaf ydyn nhw, a yna, ein chyfyddiad, ydy nid yw. P地'r llwyth wedyn yn fydd gweithio'n gwasanaeth bwyddiad ar ei hoffa, but surely he won't now start the incursions in eastern Ukraine and now that's happened. The next question is, will he attempt to build this land bridge to Crimea by annexing down the coast? I think that's looking quite likely. Certainly, the later ceasefire has never took hold and it didn't break down. Why are there questions that the question is coming are whether there will be an effort to try to carve out a significant chunk of Ukraine and turn it into either a quasi-independent state under the control of Moscow or an exit. a'r wych yn i'n amlwg, i fynd i'n cael ei maen nhw'n rhan o'r mynd ar hyn o'r rhan o'r rhan o'r rheshwych. Yn y ddigon gweithio'r gwirlau yma, dylai'r ddim yn bulteniad bultech. Yn hyn o'r gweithio'r gweithio arnau, ac mae o'r rhan o'r wych yn ei gweithio'r gweithio'r rhan o'r rhan o'r rheshwych a'r rhannu ar gyfer y llyfriddau yng Nghymru byddoedd yn ymlaen o'r 5 o'r fforddau. Mae'n gweithio bod yna'n cael ar y siwrll yn ei hwnnw, yn y catagrwynd. Mae yna'n unig i'ch ddweud ymlaen i'n mynd i ddyddai'n ffordd, ond yn ychydig, ychydig yw i'ch gafodd yn gorfod o'r bultwch, mae'r gwneud yn ei ddechrau a'r prysg peth. Mae'n ddweud ymlaen i chi'n ymlaen i gael i chi ddweud ymlaen i chi, mae'n rhaid i ei ddweud yn hynny'n ddweud ymlaen i chi'ch ddweud ymlaen. Felly, mae'n ddweud bod rhan o'r rechydig.  Felly, dyfodd o'r Cymru, o'i gwneud ofach o hyn o ffordd y rheswedd a i'n gallu bod rheswedd yn gweithio'r ddechrau yn gweithio ar gyfer sy'n gweithio'r ddechrau ddechrau yn Gaeligau. Ie, y Gaelig i'n golygu i'w gwneud gan y dyfodol i'r ddevai tynnu cyflaeddiadol. When will ydy'w lle i mi leol ar gyfer y pwysig gyda'r cyffredinol? Mae'r cyffredinol wedi arwain y pwysig terfodol. A le oedd yr ur rien yw am rhaid i'r hyn o ran y cyfan. Rydyn ni'n feddwl i ddiogelu. Mae'r cyffredinol wedi'u ddiogel ar gyfer y cyffredinol hefydlau ddigon. Fel gydigodd y rhossion yn edrych yn eu hwnnw yn siŵr y rhan. ac y gallwn wedi'i ardechrau'r ardal iawn oherwydd yr anoddiaeth a oeddent hefyd yn rhaid i'n adysgu. Ac er bod yn Ysbryd yn Ewa F Staat yn ddechrau'r Ysbryd yn y cymhwyl yn ddigwydd. Rhaid i'r wrthwyf ni siaradau wedi'u gwneud narod hynny'n gweithio fel y cymhwyloedd acquire, felly yny'n cyllid yng Nghymru'i gyfrifio'r cyllid yma o'r hyn yn ddifrif o'r pethau sydd hynny. Mae'r ddifrif, oherwydd dyna'r ddweud o'r hynny, mae'n ddifrif, mae'n ddoch chi'n ddifrif, mae'n ddifrif, dyna'r ddifrif o'r cyllid yma o'r cyllid yma.  Mae'n gweithio'n ddod, rwy'n ddweud o'r ddweud o feithio'n ddod o'r dros yn ddod o'r dros yn ddod. Ychydigon nhw fyddwn ni'n gweithio gweld yn ddod. Yn ddod o'r ddod, a rwy'n ddod, Os ydych chi, fel y tifonwyr yn ymweld, ond yma, mae'n ddefnyddio yr ysgol yn y Pwysig. Ac mae'n hyn yn ei gilydd i'r lltyt ymdill, ond mae'n hynny'n ei gilydd i'r intrestodd rhan o'r prifsgol. A dyna'n cael ei bod yna'r llwyddiadau a'r llwyddiadau a'r llwyddiadau. ond y peth yn i wneud dwi'n meddwl i'ch hyn. Yn ymgyrchwch ddiddordeb oedd Prydyn hefyd wedi ei fod yn gweithio'r penedigol i'r gwneud yn yn dweud gyda'n caelael yr ystyr. Mae'r bwell oedd mwyaf y dyfodol yn i fynd i gyd yn japdadodd yn ddu o gyd-guddus i'r mewngymau mewn cyd-diadau a bobl yma yn ei gwell i'r Mod Ymryd. Tor i fynd i'r rydyn ni'n canisiau, ac i'r ddwy ribwyr, ac i'r eich cyfwyr am ymlaen. Rwy'n dechrau sydd yn clywed y clywed o'r gwneud yr unig gyntaf o gyfnodau'r cyfrifod yn ystod y cyfrifod y Cymru, ac mae'n ddefnyddio chi'n ddiogelio i'r ddiogelio i ddim yn ei gweithio'r ffordd o'r ddechrau. Mae'r argumau ar y ddechrau i'r ddweud. Yn ddweud yw'r gweithio'r ddweud o'r ddegfynu o'r rhannu, a ddydig yn ychydig i'r ddweud o'r ddegfynu o'r ddegfynu o'r boblistig o'r gwell. I will anger him, and the stakes will be upped and at that point I think the chap in Volt said we could well go all the way to Ukraine. Anyway, you go to Kiev and actually occupy it. So the West will have to figure out whether we do this. There's a much livelier debate about it in Washington or rather a bigger push to arm the Ukrainians in Washington than there is in Europe. I think Merkel probably speaks for most of the European governments when she says we're not going to do that. But we're moving into an electoral cycle in the U.S. where the Republicans, certainly I think the kind of McCain wing of the Republican Party will make this an emblem of Obama's slash democratic weakness. Obama, rather to my surprise, has started to talk about it at least as a possibility. And that will then lead to this question first of all, how will the Russians react if the Americans actually do it? And secondly, will we be able to keep Western unity, which so far has been reasonably impressive on Ukraine, amidst all the strains? If the Americans start arming the Ukrainians, will the Europeans at that point say, look, we're not with you on this? And does that then weaken one of the few things we've got in the West which has been this ability to present the United Front? I mean, I think that the first step will be more sanctions and there is more we can do. There's this famous swift ban on the Russian use of electronic money transfers, which sounds pretty technical, but was used against Iran with enormous effect. And the Russians clearly are extremely worried about. We know this because the Russian ambassador showed up at the FT offices and said they would regard it as the equivalent of an act of war if we cut them out of the swift financial system. So that was a fairly clear sign that they were concerned about it. But swift is that the, as one American put it to me who's involved in all this, if you think of sanctions on a list of one to ten, swift would be ten. And he said we're so far only about two or three. So there's a lot more that can be done. And I suspect that while keeping the weaponry issue as a threat, we're probably going to go for more economic sanctions. But even there, there's a question about whether in the European Union we can keep that consensus because there are clearly countries that want even the current sanctions lifted. The Greeks have been most vociferous, but I think that's probably the Italian position as well. And the Italians, you know, a big country, they matter. The French possibly too. So I think that the overall picture is of a worsening of the situation on the ground in Eastern Ukraine and a sense that Western unity on this and a Western sense of that we know how to deal with this and can maintain a United Front is going to come under increasing strain over the next year or so. Meanwhile, you have the Euro crisis going on, which is also obviously threatening to fracture the European Union. And I mean, I thought it was very striking that Merkel had to fly from 48 hours talking to the Russians in Minsk straight to Brussels to then try to deal with Cyprus and Syritsa and so on. And as a journalist, you know, I suppose it's good times in one sense that you can take your pick. You've got Russia greaves the Middle East. There's never something, never a moment when you don't have a crisis to write about. And it's quite interesting trying to work out which one should we be most worried about because as I say with Russia, the sort of catastrophic scenarios are easily the most catastrophic. But possibly, you know, they're still at the 10% chance level whereas the Euro crisis, the chances of the Euro actually breaking up I think have risen substantially. Now, as you say, we'll find out today whether a deal will be done over Greece. I suspect they'll do it and that they will keep the show on the road for now. But I think that you'd have to be naive to believe that that's it. I think the problem is that we've now, those of us who've argued that there are big structural flaws in the Euro and that these are going to keep coming back to haunt us have, I hesitate to use the word vindicated, but it's in that argument certainly looking a lot stronger year by year and a package deal to keep the Greeks in is not going to address those fundamental issues. Now, I'm sure everybody's familiar with the arguments about whether the Euro was an optimal currency area and whether it's actually structurally damaging the countries of southern Europe. It seems to me that certainly for some of them, for a country like Italy which has used devaluation and inflation as kind of key tools for managing their debt, managing their competitiveness to have those taken away has proved very damaging. It's not the only problem Italy's had. They've got the run up of debt because of the financial crisis. They've got competition from China and so on which has hollowed out their manufacturing base. The Italians have lost 25% of industrial capacity since the beginning of the crisis. This is a huge blow and those kinds of issues are not going to go away if we get a package deal in Brussels. They lead to the questions of what are the bigger structural solutions one could arrive at. One of the reasons that I was always sceptical of the EU project for the single currency was a very simple chain of logic which was to argue that currency unions tend not to survive unless you have a political union and that I never really believed we would get to a political union within the EU and therefore I kind of believe in the long run it won't last. It's a fairly simple chain of logic but if you put those arguments to people in Brussels certainly the time I was there which was 2001, 2005 you tended to get one of two responses. The first was well just because most monetary unions almost all are backed by a political union doesn't mean you have to have that and we've set up all these arrangements and just you see it'll work. That was one set of arguments but actually it's not working so I think it's pretty clear you do need structural reforms. The second argument was that well if we create the monetary union the political union will follow that the logic for it will become apparent and you'll get a transfer union because you'll just need it. And I think that's where we're reaching a breakdown status because I think it's become apparent when the Germans were told there won't be a transfer union. People took that at face value and they then really not up for a transfer union and the spectacle of what's going on in Greece makes them less and less willing to sign up to the kind of big fiscal transfers that underpin say the donor in the United States. So we're likely to be stuck with a monetary union that's backed by a EU budget that's just 1% of GDP as opposed to a federal budget of which is 19% of GDP in the United States without the transfer union and with these big competitiveness issues across the monetary union and that seems to me to be a recipe for continued political unrest and continued discontent so that even if we manage to get our way past this current crisis the underlying factors which make the Eurozone crisis prone are still there and unlikely to be rectified. So moving right along to the Middle East that I think also is contributing to this overall sense of crisis within Europe because the whole of the southern border you know the other side of the Mediterranean is obviously in turmoil. And for a while it felt that that could be ignored or at least the European Union is doing its level best to ignore it. But there are two things that are making that a harder position to maintain. One is the growing fear of terrorism and the extent that you get a kind of backwash of people who either directly being radicalised by going to fight in Syria or elsewhere or who've been radicalised by the internet and the kind of propaganda that's coming out of that region. And that is then feeding directly into fear of terrorism and also social tensions within our own societies about immigration and the rise of anti-immigration parties. You know the formula. Then of course there is the flow of migrants which has become very intense and I mentioned the problems of Italy economically. Well Italy is also at the forefront of this. I think there were 100,000 people showed up on the shores of Italy in the first six months of 2014. There are as you know hundreds of people dying in the Mediterranean. It is a humanitarian disaster and one which we are very far from coming up with either coherent European response or really a response of any sort. And it doesn't seem to me likely that that's going to get any better in the short run either because what's happened is the implosion of Libya as a functioning state. Libya has now become the transshipment point for people not just from North Africa but all the way back from Eritrea, Niger, countries whose issues we're barely aware of in Europe but which are becoming increasingly things that we're going to have to engage with. And yet at the same time I think European countries have never been less willing to put boots on the ground to intervene. The faith that we can sort this stuff out by doing that is really down to in a negligible. And we were talking downstairs about Britain's kind of withdrawal from international affairs and you can cite that in various dimensions. There's the fact that we're obviously not players in the Euro crisis. The British are not really involved in the Ukraine negotiations even though they were signatories of the Budapest memorandum. But for me it's almost most striking because it was on this watch that the Libyan and Cameron's watch that Libyan intervention took place. And there's now almost no discussion in the UK perhaps because of a sense of embarrassment of what happened in Libya subsequently. No suggestion that we might have some kind of responsibility for trying to sort it out. You could argue that well maybe we don't but there's not even a debate. And I think that reflects a profound lack of belief after Afghanistan, after Iraq and now after Libya that this is possible. But that then leads to a kind of sense of helplessness that you know would prefer just not to think about it because it's just too difficult. And if Britain which is along with France one of the two major military powers in the EU has lost completely lost its appetite for these kinds of interventions or stability operations at a time when actually arguably they've never been needed more, then the chances of Europe coming up with a coherent solution to this I think are pretty negligible. So the question then becomes well what's going to happen in the Middle East itself? And I was talking to colleagues who follow the whole question of IS much more closely than I do. And I think that in Iraq itself actually the American led bombing campaign has if nothing else at least contained the problem. So the idea that they're not actually making territorial gains they may be forced out of Mosul. Syria were in this awful paradoxical situation where I think we now the West is now having almost bombed Assad in 2012 is now in a tacit alliance with him. And one of the things that's happened is that at the time of the Arab Spring I think the West sort of briefly sorry if the West is a broad term but I think in this case it is kind of applicable. There was a sort of joint European American view that maybe we found the key to solving our moral strategic dilemmas in the Middle East because we know that the false stability of dictatorship is a false stability and also it makes us feel bad because we're sort of conniving with all sorts of horrible dictators and now we can have a democracy and that all kind of sought out the problems in the Middle East and we can even feel better about it. So that's great. Now we've really kind of abandoned that there's essentially the Egyptian counter coup has been endorsed although Sisi is far from being pro-American he's still regarded as certainly better than the alternative. And watching Sisi at Davos recently it did strike me. Is it conceivable in five years time Assad will be speaking at Davos? I don't think it's inconceivable. There's that much sort of cynicism taking hold. I mean I think that the debate hasn't settled actually from what I know of the arguments in Washington. There are people inside the administration who say look we've just now got to accept that we are effectively in tacit alliance with Assad and that it is not in our interest for him to go. Maybe we could leave him out and get a sort of another bathys general in charge but possibly even that's not possible because actually if you take those kinds of regimes if you take the figure head out they tend to collapse anyway. Some of that might be too risky. Let's just accept unpleasant as it is. That's where our interests lie.  Assad isn't. So let's go with that. But I think that there's still pushback against that view of John Kerry and the last I heard was still arguing that actually no no we have to sincerely get Assad out and that the Syrian moderates are the way to go. But not many people believe they're capable of holding the ring. So American policy even in Syria is confusing and confused as is European policy insofar as there is one. And then if you look at the broader Middle East I mean the US and the West are on every side of the argument so that they're sanctioning Iran but in a tacit alliance with Iran in Iraq they're opposed to Iran in Syria. So what are we trying to do? I don't think anybody really knows. And meanwhile the situation continues to deteriorate on the ground. Not everywhere as I say the military situation in Iraq is better than it was a few months ago but I think Libya is now the big worry because what Al Qaeda and now IS have always wanted is a real nice failed state where they can operate freely. And Afghanistan was quite a long way away but Libya is right on the shores of the Mediterranean and looks very much like it's meeting that bill. So that's crisis three. And as I said I think that the danger for Europe is that those crises are merging in the sense that they're helping to destabilise mainstream politics within the European Union. Now how is that happening? Well you have various revolts. You have the revolts against austerity going on and that's connected to the Euro crisis obviously and that's epistemised by Syriza in Greece but it's also Podemos in Spain and a host of other left and right wing parties which have been making gains and Syriza was the first one to actually take power at a national level. And as we're all aware one of the reasons that governments from Ireland to Spain to Italy are not willing to give them any ground is precisely because they fear encouraging the Syriza-like parties in their own countries. How that plays out we'll see over the next year but it clearly has been perhaps a slightly delayed reaction to the financial crisis of 2008, the economic fallout but it's now happening and you are getting left wing anti-capitalism. In broad terms parties are coming forward. You then have the revolt against immigration which is fueling the far right and just jotting down the parties who would fall into that category where you have the national front in France, you have UKIP in the UK, at the kind of fascistic end of things you have Golden Dawn in Greece, the Sweden Democrats who I'm told are pretty nasty characters who are up to about 10% in Sweden, the Danish People's Party, you have a similar party in Norway which is actually in government. So it's the northern league in Italy if anything that's more ubiquitous than the anti-austerity parties. And one of the things that actually unites the far right and the far left is the surprising extent to which they're pro-Russia, pro-Putin. So that if you looked at the people who sent along so-called observers to the kind of slightly phony referendum in Crimea, they included Delinca from Germany but also the Front National in France. So the far left and the far right seem to share some kind of soft spot for Putin. And it's not just Delinca in Germany, the Melanchon in France is also fairly pro-Putin and there are others. And I think for the left maybe it's just a residual kind of sympathy for Russia. Syrits is obviously the other example. Possibly it's to do with a sense that anything the EU is opposed to, they're in favour of. And I think that certainly is the case for the far right that if you look at the rhetoric of rhetoric's too strong a word, they were kind of throw away comments by Nigel Farage but quite telling comments. I mean his initial reaction to the Ukraine crisis because he sees everything through the prism of the EU and his dislike of the EU was to say well this is all the EU's fault and therefore to slightly revel in the extent to which Putin was pushing back against the EU. And that's certainly very much part of the Marine Le Pen reaction to it. She's become pretty close to Putin indeed. I think he's, I don't know whether it's actually confirmed that the Russians are funding the National Front or just one of those things out there but they're clearly a close relationship. So for the right it's Putin's hostility to the EU, it's a taste for nationalism as opposed to supranationalism. It's also social conservatism, the whole kind of anti-gay bit plays into the social conservatism of the far right. And there are some parties which have managed to combine all three of those kind of themes that are appealing to the extremes. The anti-austerity, the revolt against immigration and the pro-Russian bit at the National Front in France are the main example of a party that's actually managed to assimilate all three of those themes. And the question is well how threatening is this? Are these parties kind of signs of distress, economic and political distress in Europe but they're manageable, they're not going to really do much damage, they'll stay at the 20% or so level and then gradually subside. Or are they a threat to, could some of them take power? Or even if they don't take power could they so affect the way that the political discourse is carried out that they make the EU harder to operate? I mean you can see an element of that in the UK where you were talking downstairs about well what does Cameron want, what does he want with the European Union? I mean I think it's very domestically, politically driven, it's driven by the rise of UKIP and splits within his own party and really he just needs something that's going to make that go away and that then makes him behave in a way that his European partners find very difficult. And so you don't necessarily need these parties to take power for them to start driving the political agenda. Another example would be the hardening of say Sarkozy's rhetoric on immigration which is clearly a response to the kind of attempt to take away some of the ground from the National Front. So they're changing the discourse already but I think it becomes potentially critical when a far right or far left party actually gets hold of power in a European Union government and when I've tried to think through my own mind well if the euro collapses or God forbid the European Union itself collapses what would the mechanism be? What would be the trigger event if that happened? And it's always seemed to me that the real danger is if you get the collapse of the consensus among the 28 governments that's tended to get us through crises because however bad it's been if you've had a European Council where essentially they're 28 countries or the most important ones committed to somehow sorting it out because they believe in the European project you've tended to get to the other side of it. But if you have a European Council where there are parties that really don't accept the idea of the European Union or really have ideas that are so radical that the others can't accept them then you're in trouble. And we've got a first taste of that trouble with Syritza which is why as we were saying it's been such an important test case and why people are so unprepared to give it ground. And I think that with Syritza essentially I mean you know I'm tempting fate we'll find out tonight my guess is that they will essentially be forced to back down and in that sense they'll be a sort of sigh of relief and well you know these radical guys that didn't get anywhere and that's all fine. But the question is what the thing is Syritza are too isolated and operating from too weak a starting position both as a small country and a country on the point of bankruptcy. They have no leverage so they're pretty easy to shove back into their box again tempting fate maybe that won't happen.  Then I think at that point the EU actually does become inoperable and that's why I think all these three crises and the way they're merging together are a threat to us. I mean I was able to talk to the beginning about the really kind of blood-curdling threats you know war with Russia, massive terrorism that kind of thing. But I think that the most plausible threat certainly from the situation we're at now is just an erosion of our institutions a radicalisation of politics to the extent to which the European Union itself which has for all its flaws been the kind of framework in which politics has operated in Europe for the last 40 years and more and has been terribly important for bringing Europe together after the end of the Cold War. If that begins to erode and break down then I think we're in a new situation domestically and internationally and one which is not particularly favourable. So I'll stop there but I'd be happy to take questions particularly ones that tell me that I'm wrong and it's all going to be fine.


And the opposite of the plagal motion would be up a fifth, perfect fifth, and again the chords would be major or minor, B flat, F. Use the circle of fifths to help you out. We can also precede our target chord with a 5 which is called the secondary dominant 5 of the 1, 5 of the 1, and lastly we can add some 2-5-1 flavor preceding each of these chords.


On this other side, there was a small HEB over here and it was, it had rats, people would see rats in there. So the leaders at Sacred Heart had actions with HEB. When you talk about had actions with HEB, what do you mean?  So we were able to convince HEB to build a new store, not just because they were going to remodel the old one. And the leaders said, no, we don't want that, we don't want this store, we want a new store, we want a pharmacy, we want a deli, and we want this. And what happened here, this is Calaveras Street, this right here. We used the street art, used to go out on an old, and there were some houses here. And HEB said, well, in order to do that, we have to buy these houses. And so the leaders from Sacred Heart, along with HEB, talked to the owners and then the owners agreed to sell. And so that's how we were able to get the HEB over here and then they built, where the old one was, they built a parking lot and then they put the service station. So this all came about by the leaders coming out of house meetings. The people at house meetings at Sacred Heart said, you know, we want an HEB, we want a new store. And this is not the only one, this was the first one. We had the first one we did, which we will see when we go to Las Palmas.


Now we introduce a new concept called work. Now work is a word we're very well familiar with. You tend to think of it either as the job you go to work for your pay or the effort you put into getting a project completed. In physics, there's a very specific definition that we use for this term, work. And it's the transfer of energy to an object. Now in mechanics, we're going to specifically talk about the mechanical energy which is transferred when a force causes a displacement. So this is the key here, that when we have a force causes a displacement, then we're going to have mechanical energy which is transferred. So let's think about this here for a minute. If I've got an object, say this big box, and I've got a force pulling on it, well, if that force causes a displacement causing it to move, then that means I've got energy transferred into that object. The force caused the box to move, and that gave the box more energy than it had before. Similarly, I could have a force which resists the displacement. So for example, if I've got a box which is moving, but there's a force which causes it to slow down. Even if it doesn't cause it to slow down all the way to a stop, it still causes it to slow down. In that case, that force actually transferred energy out of the object, but there was still a transfer of energy that happened, so there's work in that case. Sometimes we have forces that don't cause any displacement at all. So if my box is just sitting there, well, I'd have a force of gravity downwards and a normal force upwards, but neither one of those forces is causing any kind of a displacement on the box. That means that no energy is transferred. If the force doesn't cause a displacement, there's no transfer of energy to that box. The forces are still there. The forces are still doing something, but they're not transferring energy. When we start talking about the language of work, we're gonna see situations where it talks about the work done by or the work done on. We wanna clarify what those things mean. If we're talking about the work done by, we're talking about what force is it that's providing that energy transfer. So if the work is done by a particular force or an outside agent which is providing that force, that's what the work is done by. When I talk about what the work is done on, that's the object. And so that's the object which is undergoing the displacement. Now we also see when we get into work that sometimes we have positives and sometimes we have negatives. Well, when the work done on an object is positive, that means the object gains energy. The positive means the gains it was transferred in. If I've got the work done on an object being negative, that means the object lost energy. I had a negative transfer of energy or the energy was transferred out of the object. So it all comes down to which way is the energy transferred into the object or out of the object. And then the object will gain energy or lose energy and will have a positive or negative associated with that work. This is just the beginning conceptual introduction to what work is. We still need to take a look at the equation for it though.


Next we will be having a keynote speaker Ms. Telma Ekiyo. Ms. Telma has over 23 years experience working in the developmental sector as an impact investor, a donor, a philanthropic advisor and social entrepreneur. She has experience working in 22 African countries. She has pioneered, founded and led several organizations and initiatives focused on impact investing and women's economic empowerment. Thank you so much ma'am for speaking to us today on the amazing topic of the business case of philanthropy and impact investment. Welcome with me Ms. Telma Ekiyo. Good morning, it's still morning, it's raining heavily so I hope the rain isn't coming through here. First of all let me congratulate Omi for a job well done. I know how difficult it is to organize things like this and to organize it with class and a high standard and for your book. So well done Omi and all the women who have committed to joining the festival. It's an investment into your life and women across the globe who are listening to me this morning. So when Omi sent me my topic to talk on the business case for philanthropy and in fact investing, I thought, you know, is she, does she have exposed into the things that I'm really passionate about now, you know, because a lot of the work that I've done over the years as a professional in the philanthropist space has been a job for so much of what I am about now is giving back. And so when I hear, you know, the name of the festival, the richer woman and the community, the richer woman for me. The richer woman is a woman who is well rounded. She has wealth, yes, but she also impacts her society for good. It's extremely important, you know, it's and I think more and more as I, you know, over 20 something years in this work, I really believe that it should be the other way around. It should be that the richer woman impacts a society for good and then has wealth. I think that should be the order, because I think when you go about impacting your society for good, a lot of things happen. And this is where philanthropy comes in. I'm sure you've noticed a trend across the world with a lot of billionaires. So for example Bill Gates, extremely wealthy billionaire left Microsoft established the foundation. Jack Ma, extremely wealthy billionaire, left Alibaba established the foundation. Let's come to Africa. Mo Ibrahim made a lot of money established the foundation. Let's come to Nigeria. Aliko Dango Te, the richest man in Africa established the foundation. My former boss, T. Waidanjima, extremely wealthy established the foundation. Tonya Lumelu made a lot of money, left UBA established the foundation. What is it? And then, I mean, one or two women that at that level, you know, what is it? What is it that happens that when people make an extraordinary amount of money, they start to think about giving back. And it is because when you make that type of money, you start to wonder, there's more to life than money. There's more to life than private jets, islands. You start to think about your own immortality or sorry, your own mortality, the fact that you're not going to be here forever. You start to think about legacy. And that's why all of these people established the foundation. But I don't think you have to wait till you make billions and billions to think philanthropically. So I was really happy to hear Omi talk about the foundations they have to support disadvantaged women, extremely important. For me, I honestly believe philanthropy is not reserved for the rich. Philanthropy is not something that only rich people can do. Philanthropy is something that every single person who gets a measure of success should be committed to. Because for me, success is responsibility. Success is responsibility. And I think in a keynote like this, so that it's not theoretical, it's important for you to those of you who don't know me to get a sense of why this is important to me. My whole life throughout my career, I never applied for a job. What I mean by that is all the jobs I got, very high level positions, all the CEO jobs I got. I never applied. I was always headhunted or selected. Literally the phone will ring and someone will say, we've been given your name that you work excellently. You do this, you do that, we would like to offer you this position. Can we sit and talk with you? And I didn't know that that was the case until it happened three times. And I looked back and I said, oh my God, this is. And I realized that there was a severe grace of God upon what I was doing. And that severe grace of God on my life really made me realize that I had to give back. I had to give back because I couldn't really say that I had earned all the things that I had achieved. And that's really where many people make the mistake. Many people feel like they have earned everything they have done. So they never feel like they have to give back. Is that really true? Don't we know professors who are poor? I'm sure many of us know have relatives who work so hard, got all sorts of aids in school, but they ask you for money. So it is not true that academic success is commensurate to wealth. So when you get some level of success, I think there's a responsibility to give back. I had something a while ago that has been very strong in the way that I view life now. And it says, from zero to 30, you are searching for your purpose and your assignment. From 30 to 60, you must be going about implementing your purpose and your assignment. 60 plus you must be leaving a legacy. I wonder which bracket the women listening to me are in. But that means that there is an intentionality about life and that there will be a point where you have to think about, am I making a difference in the places that I'm from, the places that I would like to impact. All rich men and women that I called earlier, that set of foundations is about legacy. A while ago I sat in a church in the UK and I just, my eye caught a plaque and it said donated by ex-family in 1820 something. And I said, wow, a family donated this part of the church in 18 something. Having no idea that one day some African Nigerian woman will be sitting here benefiting from what they had donated. That is legacy. That is what philanthropy is about. And so about many people, they run away from philanthropy because they're like, I mean, I'm just going to be giving money away because people are very interested in returns. So I think there are different types of philanthropy and when I was called about this topic, I said, do you want me to just talk about philanthropy and impact investing and the current state of it? Or do you want me to be educated? And they said be educated. So here it is. The different types of philanthropy, there's financial philanthropy. And so women need to know which one you want to be part of. There's corporate philanthropy. So financial philanthropy is private philanthropy where you establish a foundation. So all of these foundations I talked about are financial philanthropic variables. There's corporate philanthropy where a company establishes a vehicle to give back. There's research and education philanthropy. Now, this philanthropy has to do with not so much in Nigeria. It's happening in Nigeria more and more where, for example, my former boss built the conference center, the Lagos Business School. That's educational philanthropy. So many schools in the west, you will see that are endowed by different people. That's education philanthropy. There's venture philanthropy. Venture philanthropy is when you use the same type of techniques that are in venture capital and merge it with philanthropy to do philanthropy giving. And then there's catalytic philanthropy. Catalytic philanthropy is when you help to bring about transformative change by putting finances behind an idea that may not have been fully formed to give it traction. Essentially that is what it is. So those are formal forms of philanthropy, but they're also informal forms of philanthropy and there's personal acts of giving. Personal acts of giving is what Africa has always done. Informally, I don't know that there's any African family that just attains a measure of success that your relatives don't come to and say, can you send my son to school or whatever. So those are personal forms of philanthropy. More and more, those personal forms of philanthropy are becoming more structured because it's important that philanthropy has accountability. And one of the things I want the women of the richer woman to consider is something that has taken off mostly in the west, but more and more it's now in Africa, giving circles. Giving circles are where a group of you that have the same values, the same goals.  And that cause you give to can either have financial returns or it can just be, you know, just totally to just support an initiative without thinking of financial returns. You can also be involved in philanthropy through existing vehicles. Maybe I know a friend of mine who says, you know what, I can't set up an organization. I just don't have the time. I rather just give to somebody who is already doing something. Yes, that is a very valuable way of doing it. But if you do that, make sure you insist on reports, make sure you insist on knowing how your money is spent, because that also brings, you know, impacting itself. So there are many ways that you can give if you are interested in financial returns because many people say, oh Bill Gates is Bill Gates is, you know, he's giving mosquito nets to Africa. Bill Gates has helped to cure polio. But if you sell one mosquito net at one dollar and you end up selling three billion mosquito nets, how much is that? That's three billion dollars. So it is not true that, you know, philanthropy does not give financial returns, but you have to state that from the beginning. And that's where philanthropy is different from impact investing. Impact investing is about intentionally stating that you want to have financial returns, but you also want to have social and environmental returns. That is what impact investing is. Whereas philanthropy, you may or may not want to have financial returns, okay? So there are some examples I want to give now of philanthropic endeavors that, you know, provide financial returns at the same time do good. And this concept of doing good and doing well is something that every rich woman should imbibe. The minute you start to have any level of success, which means you're doing well, you must look for how to do good. Especially in the societies where, you know, I'm African, I'm Nigerian, we're surrounded by so many problems. And it's always strange that when I invite people to Nigeria or Africa, they all, they see our opportunities, but all we see are problems. And so we do not realize that, yes, whilst I'm solving this problem, I can have returns, but I'm also doing immense good. I think about a school in Ghana, when I lived and worked in Ghana, there was a school that was letting students pay every day. Because the parents could not afford the accumulated school fees. And that's because most of the poor, most of the poor in Africa earn to eat.