So now we will see about mathematics demo and online guys are also there. I think good afternoon everyone. Those are in online Sorry for a little bit late. So most of the tests are going on. So they have some doubts. I'm clearing that Now we'll see about Any optional demo not just mathematics how to choose an option Optional choosing is very important Optional why it is important that I'll tell you Not just mathematics optional choosing any option that is the most important in UPSC civil service examination 500 marks is dedicated for option any option I believe it is Tamil literature or English literature or sociology political science for bad anything Anything any option will weightage will be 500 months. So choosing that will be a key role So what are all the things which are there which are required for this that we'll see now you see Optional or When this option will be coming into picture means when you write mains examination after clearing the plumes while writing mains This comes into the picture any option will come into picture only at that time. So So in mains what are all the subjects are there are how many papers you need to write if you see compulsory papers like one native language super any State language people you need to write and one more is English those marks are not considered you need to You need to get one third marks in that means for 300 marks if you get 90 so Then only your remaining papers will be corrected Otherwise, they won't be correct. Some people will losing will lose even in that Especially in native language that is mostly here. It is Tamil. It's there even in that you'll be losing They won't clear that also 70 or 80 or 85. They'll come and they will stop So even that is important. Don't neglect that also. Whatever may be the native language next Next part Most important parties essay paper essay paper will be having 250 marks. You need to write a 2 ss 2 ss you need to write it carries 250 marks next 4 gs papers You'll be having each paper will be carrying 250 marks. So 4 into 250 it is thousand marks Totally thousand marks and optional two papers you need to write 500 so totally how many how much it is? 1750 Totally it is 17 in that how many marks are dedicated for optional 500 marks are dedicated for optional Okay. Now here choosing of option is important. Why it is important means in essay you can score good marks In paper for you can score good marks. That is just paper for this contains ethics It is ethics paper in that paper you can score good marks That is 15 plus 250. So one more thousand So how much happened 1500 In mains whatever you want to score you can score only in these two in remaining g 3 gs papers How much ever you try you won't be able to score more than 300 Out of 750 you can't score more than 300. That is a toughness related to means in the mains point of Getting the point out of 750 scoring 300 is very high highest mark Those are in the top five or top top 10. They'll be getting that around 300 That is very tough even scoring 250 280 is also very tough so in means Optional will will play a key role as well as essay and ethics Are you getting the point? So sorry optional essay paper 250 250 sorry 500 marks 500 marks totally it is 500 so in this way thousand marks itself you need to score more marks In that if you can score very well in the optional Then you have high probability to get a good rank Otherwise your chances of getting selected will be less That's why choosing of an optional is very very very important Don't choose any optional hurriedly. Don't choose any optional based on your friend's opinion Don't choose any option based on your brother or sister's opinion Or any other teacher has said that don't choose like that Choose an optional. What are the three main things which are required to choose any option What are the three things one is? availability of material Material means here books or test test will whether tests are there or not those things Next your interest Your interest That is a main factor Next one is third factor is whether you have any mentor or guide like that like a teacher If you don't have any of any one of these then it will be tough for you If you're you're doing somewhere you might get diverted somewhere There should be someone to guide you. You should not go in this way Take a turn Then you will reach your destination like that for example Your room is there Everyone came inside But After that door is closed At one place door is kept other place door is kept So if you don't know the door What you will do you need to go out what you will do You will touch each and every part of the wall Then you will find it by the time you have six attempts or nine and nine attempts will be over Instead if some person is there don't go don't touch this left side Left side wall only touch the right side wall and that to back side wall only you touch it Your effort will decrease That is where the guide will play a role that is teacher or anyone mentor teacher anyone I will understand next if the material is not available If you know the subject you are interested in the subject but material is not there If material is not there what to You pass the questions won't be like normal like school level questions or like that It will be a little bit higher level. It won't be like bsc level also Degree level it will be little bit higher. So how to choose How to practice Those there you need to have the material if you have the material it will help you All right, next third thing is test series Regularly for every unit you need to write the test. Otherwise, you won't be you won't be able to do anything Different dimensions of the test you different dimensions of the topic you'll be getting only in the test If tests are not conducted It will be tough Different different different dimensions upsc will ask the questions It won't be like your academic examination. Yeah, I read this topic. So this question I can explain it won't be like that Forget that Any option for any option and one more is interest interest I like Tamil literature. I like Tamil literature But I'm not interested interest means What what is what is the thing I need to take means Even when it is tough I should be able to from inside. I should I should get that feeling that I need to read that If that feeling you won't get now it's not possible to complete Because 500 marks comes from this That interest plays a key role These three factors will play a huge role in choosing any option not just mathematics any option Keep these three factors in mind and then choose option. Don't choose any optional blindly. Now we'll specifically come to Mathematics optional. What are the different options are there that we'll see first Now these are all the different options which are present in UPSC. Totally 48 subjects are there In this 48 you need to choose one subject So choosing they are making choosing also this much stuff From 48 you need to choose one When five questions are there if they ask you to choose that three questions mean you'll easily you'll choose But they are giving 48 subjects and they're asking you to choose only one subject Means how much tough it might be How much difficult it might be Or how much weight age that option is taking They will understand that So choosing of an option is very important. So what are the different options are there? Totally the humanities options social sciences of humanities options In this humanities option, you will have political science for bad sociology philosophy psychology law economic geography those All those next science options all the science options like including engineering medical basic sciences commerce and management commerce and management Now this year result if you observe top ranker From which option Political science political science is in which in which category you observe Humanities second or second rank second rank From commerce commerce Like that if you see top 25 ranks top 25 only i'm taking in that 18 ranks are from these options 18 ranks Are able to understand this means it's a diversity is increased Previously five years back or 10 years back Those who have chosen humanities option they used to get those who have chosen literature option they should have got But now diversity got increased from science option. They are scoring a number of ranks are more In the top 25 15 to 18 ranks are from just from the science It includes commerce it might be science pure science objects subjects include max physics chemistry zoology botany anthro agree these options Next in this commerce and management medical science even mbbs mbbs even this option is gaining momentum nowadays one more is electrical engineering This year almost third or fifth rank some rank in the top five one rank is there from electrical engineering Everyone will feel that engineering options. No one will choose nothing it will become But this year it is not just one this year almost like 10 or 15 guys got from electrical engineering Even the last year it was like that So diversity got increased in the options From here this area Large number of people are coming out this next literature options are there. There are 26 literature options 26 are there So those are up to 10th those are studied in that medium if you choose that then you will have a good advantage that I get You should be able to write in that particular language That is the main important After 10th, can I say that you didn't wrote any Tamil words? Can I say that Try writing a movie name at least How many mistake it will be there and show it to your mother or father They will first scold you Forget about the examiner someone First your parents will scold you means After 10th you didn't wrote that native language paper Native language you didn't wrote it because you took science optional science subjects or some other subjects you took It's it's not that much use at that stage you But now literature options even literature options guys are scoring good marks means ranks they are getting All the literature all the literature option all are good options So these are all the 48 options in that you need to choose one option So while choosing this one option keep those three conditions in your mind then choose option Okay, now we'll come to specifically for mathematics option specifically for max option. What are the things are there that means? So this is three steps to choose an option That I that I told in a different way. I gave that One is filter go through the list of all the subjects Then you need to choose one next evaluate how you will evaluate Once look at the syllabus all the syllabus whatever it is there in every option Then look at the previous your questions also whether you are able to understand anything at least question At least a question you see if you are whether you are able to understand or not Then it's okay. That is a value then you choose There you need to choose You're getting the point you're choosing what is whatever the three points. I said those three points from here First do this part filter you need to do evaluation you need to do then you need to choose While choosing keep those three points in the mind Then you choose that option any option water option you like you choose it But don't choose any option that your friend said Uh one x subject x option high marks are coming Don't choose any option that that a x subject will be taking only two months to complete Don't choose any option that x subject less amount of stress is required to write Less amount of time is required to prepare Don't go with that Any optional will take any option will take four and off to five months any option No optional will be taking we no option will be completed within two months or three months. It's not possible They have arranged the syllabus in that We're getting the point if that is a if any option can be completed within two or three months everyone will choose that option Why they'll go for electrical engineering or science optional or some other optional Everyone will choose that So none of the optional will be doing that every optional Some easiest part is there from tough part is there No optional is there that entire or that option is easy I think even literature option also like that None of the option don't think that it is everything will be easy which everything, you know, none of the option will be like that Everyone understand this so keep these three in the mind Next why mathematics optional now we'll go with why we need to buy what are the advantages or Uh, what are the speciality or features with the mathematics option? That we'll see In this few Three things mainly which I want to highlight is One is objectivity Next one is certainty And next one is scoring part this three part I'll highlight So what is the objectivity here objectivity means what is the objectivity? For example, you have you have written one you have written one answer and your friend has written one more answer Um Two answers are there method might change method might change but the approach For both the answers is correct And final answer little bit some mistakes something might have happened but almost same So you'll be getting good marks You'll be getting good marks that kind of thing won't be present in Social sciences optionals That objectivity won't be there If you if you have written one answer if your friend has written answer that interpretation will change There the difference comes that's why scoring more than 300 marks or 250 marks in three gs topics is tough We able to understand this why I said three in three gs topics Why to why it's not possible to score more than 300 marks is this one You might think in your in one point of view your friend might think in a different point of view But the same cushion That is not possible in mathematics It's not at all possible Is it clear next point Certainity will be there. For example, you attempted it in marks cushion Your your answer is correct. Your presentation is perfect Your method is also correct Then what how much you can expect means Either eight marks or seven marks if your presentation is not that much good You'll be getting seven or six marks or if your presentation is good everything you'll be getting eight marks So certainty of marks is there Marks certainty is there that is not presented other options Are you getting the point because your interpretation it will differ Maximum marks for ten marks. It will be for social science. Especially it will be six Max if it is good answer So certainty of marks Certainity of marks is there Understood These are two biggest advantages with this option mathematics option. Third thing is It is totally static syllabus nothing when you're writing the answers now when you're solving no current affairs is required It's not required to bring money for issue or supreme court or any report It's not at all required Totally static syllabus this syllabus is framed 40 years back in 1979 1979 this syllabus is framed From that time onwards it is going on in 2008 Little bit small syllabus little bit. They have rearranged it. That's it But mostly syllabus is this one Totally static syllabus nothing no current affairs is required Whatever the current affairs which is happening in in the outside world. It's not at all required to bring this While but when you are writing gs answers if you are unable to keep the current examples, you won't get marks Here that is not at all required Understood next this is extremely high scoring. This is certainty of marks. I said It is very high scoring. Why it is high scoring. I'll show you Some of my students marks it then you'll be able to understand next Here one more important point is it is not required to start From scratch for example up to 11th or 12th class. You might have done mathematics like matrices, you know From there itself it will be there numbers, you know Equation, you know From that it will be starting But for example, if you choose geography or some other from scratch, what is an equation? From there you need to go From scratch you need to study like a b c d From there you need to study That effort gets minimized That's the one more good advantage with this and one more is Why most of the people won't get in gs this 300 marks above 300 marks is Writing style If you if you won't keep current examples, you won't be getting if you won't keep subreddings, you won't be getting if you won't Write that 11 data or report or anything won't be getting But and that also even writing should be good. But here Writing is not at all required Because it's totally equations are there Totally equations nothing is there Writing style won't matter. What matters is presentation Don't confuse again presentation with writing style Presentation is different writing style is different. What do you mean by presentation? I'll tell you Next one more point which I have missed out is fun. Why this fun part where it will come means After clearing prelims Before writing means time period mostly it will be from 90 to 100 days or 110 days This year it is almost like 108 or 109 days This year, but generally you won't be getting this much time also 90 days Generally 90 to 100 days In that 90 to 100 days most of the time you will be reading about gs only that 750 marks only There you won't score more than 300 that only you'll be concentrating There whenever you get bored totally with the uh with the current thing or whatever is happening Whenever you get bored open this mathematically equations It will relieve your burden mental burden that there it will be very good At the main sport point of your main's point of preparation Um This three months whatever after playing means point of preparation If you prepare for two or three hours for optional this optional, it's enough For other options or gs or anything you can dedicate that The gs part the time you can dedicate for gs That much time you won't be getting in other other options also Even for that you need to keep the current examples When stressing about the examples current current current means this one Because your static syllabus totally equations are their money poor issues not required here Our supreme court judgment is not required here or some mathematical equations They might have developed it is not at all required here Are you getting the point totally static syllabus? So these are some advantages or You can say which are favoring for mathematics option Next every option I said It won't be same every option won't be easy. Somehow something will be there in that What is the toughness or what is the midst associated with that that that part we'll see before going to this We'll see about all students can take this mathematics option all can take Whoever has done bsc or msc max Close your eyes and you can take this Closing your eyes you can take because 80 percent of Syllabus which is there in bsc and msc max it is there in this Depending on the universities it is near to 90 also But 80 percent I can say it is this Next next important category of the students will be from engineering graduates Or engineering students in your first two years of your engineering students. You will be having mathematics that It is covering almost 60 percent of the syllabus Almost 60 percent of the syllabus is there here Next who all other students can take up to plus 11th and 12th class whoever has done with mathematics That is 11th class 12th class or intermediate who has done with mathematics and those who have genuine interest in mathematics All those guys can take means after a plus one plus two You know some students might have gone for physics or some students might have gone for agriculture If you have genuine interest you can take this I am telling this means That before here and even last year also My students list is just the completed before batch One one girl took the option from psychology bsc psychology she has done Nowhere max is related But she is she is having good interest up to 11th or 12th class. She took this option Before that in that option itself One guy almost like a two or three Three attempts he has given with Tamil literature is unable to score more mass He changed the optional then he took this Is an engineering graduate but he prepared with Tamil literature Since he is not able to score more mass. He got into this he changed Next one agriculture student one Coimbatore agriculture industry is there no from there one student came He joined that before here two years two years prior to this around the kovat time or before kovat time He took that and he got selected also Agriculture student bsc agriculture student And if two twins were there Those who are done with geography optional three time two times. They have written means two or three times. They have written means Since they are not able to score more marks in that They change the optional Then they got they both got selected So it's only the interest If you have genuine interest in the subject you can choose this optional Up to 11th or 12th class if you have done mathematics And you have scored well or you might have good interest in that then you can choose the optional Because from basics will be dealing whatever the unit will be dealing will be from the basics from the scratch will be going We won't be taking directly from the engineering from the scratch From there will be taking up the subject So entire mathematics whichever you have done till now from first class up to this Everything will be done From scratch it will be done Don't think that I don't know this laplace transform. I don't know this Everything from the scratch will take it Don't worry anything about that Next So telling all these things There are some myths associated with maths There are some myths You might before coming to this option this demo also There might be your roommate saying that Where you are going means demo means you might have what demo Or subject mathematics if you have said oh you want to choose mathematics That question might have arised Or if you if you went to the tea shop or anything Some gurus will be there those who have done with the two or three attempts you have done with other option They didn't they are unable to clear the prelims around those things. They'll give those free suggestions. They'll give That yeah, you choose this option. You choose this option. You read this material that material they'll tell They may if you come across that they will be telling don't choose maths Because they don't know about the subject They didn't wrote means Whoever has written with maim means with this optional Never you'll get a negative feedback Won't get any negative feedback with this option Because they know They know what is advantage with this option this year There was one student five plumes Five four plumes. He was not able to clear Continuously four plumes Was unable to 20 18 student actually is I taught him in 2018 Four plumes. He has written He was not able to clear Last year this result came. So this year he got selected He got selected he got Can you can you tell what is this rank? all in your 60 rank 60 in that In that mathematics was Score in mathematics is 312 Score is 312 and So you might think that in all the four years he might have practiced Nothing After the classes he has done two months for doing the previous year questions Then he closed it totally he invested in gs only After clearing the plumes again. He asked what to do sir. I didn't prepare anything for the last three years Whatever you are done the previous year questions now Do once practice that and read the notes What are the problem you are done in the that's it? It's not required Once you complete this previous year questions and the class notes you can close the books Whenever you clear your plumes at that time you can open the books Nothing will change Even after 10 years if you clear the plumes at that time you open it it will be same Syllabus will be same important questions will be same like that only same format will be same Are you able to understand this? So that's a huge oh from way from whom you need to take the suggestion Is those who have attended the interview or those who have Wrote the mains examination two or three mains Take suggestion from them Don't take suggestion from those who didn't even clear the plumes Are you getting the point if you choose from them? They they are unable to clear the plumes what the suggestion they can give it to you So take suggestion from them Choose them them as your mentors Not these guys Okay, so what are the myths associated with this mathematics option that we'll see Common myths which are present in this In this total UPSC preparation. What are the what are the total? Myth myth I'm saying not the disadvantage myth I'm saying What is that myth and how why it is not a myth? I'll tell one myth is Syllabus With syllabus two things are there Two two things are there one is Syllabus is huge Syllabus they are saying large huge amount of Syllabus is there next is This Syllabus is not at all related with the GS With the Syllabus part these are the two myths associated So huge Syllabus One first will decode that Huge Syllabus whether it is a huge Syllabus or not In order to complete this maths option, I'll be taking around five months to Five and a half months If it is a weekend batch, I'll be taking this amount of time Five months to five and a half months any optional will be taking any option not just this mathematics option Any optional will be taking in between this four to five months If that Syllabus is less it should be completed within three months now Before four months now we're getting the point Optional time maybe one month might be extra Max we can say one month extra, but duration is same Duration is same We're getting the point Next whether it is genuinely having a huge Syllabus Now we'll go to huge Syllabus they are saying the huge Syllabus What is the Syllabus actually in Syllabus we have only 13 units Only 13 units And Syllabus is also clearly demarcated Then why it will be taking this much time? Because practice we need to do now for mathematics For that purpose it is taking more time for social science optional and other optionals You won't do you won't be doing problems now. Just a theory pattern will be there daily. You won't do the problems So in order to get a practice of more problems, you'll be taking more amount of time That's the reason in each topic here. We'll be taking almost like for each unit. I assume Almost like in one unit almost 100 or 150 problems will be doing So every model what UPSC has asked what UPSC is asking in the at the present stage what UPSC is going to ask in the future All these three scenarios will be taking and we'll be doing the problems Previous year questions will be doing at present. What is the trend of UPSC is there in future? What kind of questions UPSC can ask That's why it is taking this much amount of time Yeah So that is a Thing with which is present with huge option other thing. There is no role of this optional in gs. Yes There is no role of this option in gs if you take Like a political science for bad or any other optional social humanities option, especially humanities options that role is present in gs the troll is present but Even those options those who are taken those options even those students are unable to score more than 300 marks in gs in those three papers If the troll is more if they are feeling comfortable in those and if you are they're very good at those They should be able to score more than 300 They're unable to score more than 300 So even if the role is present or role is not present It is not making anything in scoring pattern We're getting the point one more advantage with this optional with the science options not just with this any science optional is While preparing for mains before before mains this optional Time required will be two hours per day two or two and a half hours per day but for other optionals almost like Four hours you need to prepare for the optional itself three to four hours So that two hours or one hour which you get you can invest in gs That role is not there. No, you can invest in that Reading why it is called a myth is because of this reason This is a myth. It's not a disadvantage. It's a myth Next this no role of gs. Next one more thing is sir mathematics means max or physics or chemistry. This means only Huge intelligence or high brilliance only those guys can take Nothing is like There's nothing like that those have taken geography optional. They have changed it and they are able to score. They are not from iot They are not from top institutes but it so Why this why this myth came why this myth came means again this because of this guruson Since they don't know about anything about the max option or on any science option Not only this max option any science like physics chemistry or any other options zoology botany They don't know about that. They'll give don't choose that Only those who have done mbbs they can choose botany or zoology Those who have done from iot is a betek or anything. They can choose max physics or chemistry There's nothing like that we're getting the point With zoology option or even with a botany option. Those are not from mbbs category. There's they have done and they got the rank This year also one student from zoology or botany in the top 10 one ranker is there from zoology or botany. I didn't remember exactly um lady she is she got botany i think botany i think She got it. She's not an mbbs graduate So That you need to keep in the mind. So it's not just for iot. It's it's you should not be like a topper in the university also It's not required that also If you have genuine interest if you are able to do hard work by day if you are able to invest um When the class are going if you are able to invest one hour or 45 minutes When the classes are going but they it's more than enough per day Classes will be on weekend from monday to friday if you are you need to invest around 45 to one hour 45 minutes to one hour That that amount of effort you need to do If you are not doing that no optional will give Not only this any optional won't give even literature optional won't give That little bit effort is required next others. What are the others? others here is Mainly this category where Most of the students will ask a question also is sir in 10th class or 12th class when i attend mathematics I used to get 100 out of 100 Now this paper is for 500 anyone got 500 out of 500 That won't happen Not not only this even any science options. You won't be getting that Why means why what is the recent means? If you get 500 out of 500 Social science optionals they won't be scoring more than 250 or 270 itself There should be some evenness should be there now comparison should be there now So everyone will choose this type of optional Those who have done ba history also they'll choose this type of They won't study ba history at all, but we need to learn about our history geography and all those things So to bring everyone in the common field It they won't be giving 300 out of 500. So how the what is that's called as scaling It is called as scaling a new psc optionals or in gs or anywhere scaling is there What is that scaling means for 10 marks cushion? Maximum you will be getting either eight or nine marks only you won't be getting 10 out of 10 This is called scaling One or two marks they'll detect it We're getting the point in mathematics till now. What's the highest score means? 365 Out of 500 This was the highest score in 2019 2019 or 2018 Exactly, I didn't remember in that in the two years Once when So anyone any guy scored near to that means One of my students scored 352 One more students scored 346 and Most of my students scored near to 320 or more than 320 most of the students This year we got Three students of my got selected in that highest mark this time was 312 that is 60th rank. I said no one more guy Is you this is a funny thing One more guy. He got 302 marks this year With mathematics option you got 302 marks In the rank in the rank I'll wipe out this I'll show you what is a why this optional played him or why he got selected I'll show This year top or first ranker mark was 1060 1080 sorry 1080 Next second ranker mark was 1060 Second rank. This is first rank This is second rank and 426 rank Was 960 426 rank mark was 960 Means in 100 marks This many ranks are there Getting the point In mathematics scoring.  He got this 302 marks That is a last rank in general category In general category that was the last rank So just got selected how means By scoring more than 300 in option If one mark if you could have got less, you wouldn't have got so Optional choosing scoring of marks in the option plays a huge role Are you able to understand this? Why you need to choose optional which is of interest to you is because of this reason If you if there if any other if you have chosen any other option to 80 will be the highest score very good score You don't have got the selected You didn't have got the rank Or 300 at least if you get You wouldn't have got selected Actually, I expected him to score more than 320 after writing the test. I even I spoke him He said in we getting around 320 The kind of questions he attempted and all those things But he got less. I expected him below 100 rank actually But because of reduction here almost like 10 to 15 months. He got his rank got Yeah This guy's attempts is fourth Fourth attempt They got this rank. This is the last rank in the general candidate So choosing an optional be careful whatever option you take it's up to you But it should be of genuine interest to you and some mentor should be there Test you need to write material availability should be there These are the main things which you need to keep in your mind With respect to max one more thing will be scoring pattern if you have interest in scoring pattern How to score max means when we take optional at that time Next these are some myths associated with mathematics Next what is the syllabus part before going to the syllabus and all those things now Anyone of you are having any doubts if you have any doubts anyone is having any doubt means you can ask With respect to mathematics Any doubt whether it may be silly doubt or anything no problem. That's what coaching coaching Coaching when you join you'll get those two Apart from this, I'll be giving the notes also problems will be doing that you'll be having apart from that In the once the classes starts telegram channel video in that soft copy of a book or any material. I'll be sharing that All that is all thing. What do you need to do that? I'll tell you that Any other online guys Anyone has any doubt You can raise your hand there Hello Check it out. Uh, sir. Am I audible? Yes, yes. Shirag, right? Yes I had a question to ask you Yes, sir. I wanted to understand What would be the difference between the attempt which gets 365 marks and an attempt that gets 300 marks Presentation no purely presentation Pure presentation. I'll show you for example Those are getting more than 300 and those are getting less than 300 in max option only. What's the difference? If 100 people are writing with max option with 100 100 people are writing 90 people Or 99 people will be knowing all the problems Everyone knows all the problems in the paper That's how it will be there. So Why some people will be getting more than 300 And why some people will be getting less than 300 means it's just the presentation So how this presentation will Will change that after discussing with the syllabus, then I'll tell this presentation How the presentation will increase a much that Any other doubt apart from this I have most of you from engineering dsc max Or ms max related anyone from any other background Unless physics Yeah, same physics same Physics everything will be covering here online guys Anyone from psychology or law Anyone like that Anyone has any doubts with respect to this Whatever doubt you have you can ask Can I proceed now? Now what is the syllabus which is written in or optional? That part we'll see Our syllabus totally will have 13 units 13 units are there in paper one paper two. It's divided into paper one paper two This three It comes under section a These three comes under section Yes, let's ask I am from commerce background I have an interest in mathematics whether I can clear mathematics Up to 12th class. What was your uh, have you done mathematics? Sir up to 10th class have been mathematics 11th and 12th commerce From 11th itself. We have changed it to commerce. Okay But you have an interest you are saying Once look at that ncrt 11th and 12th class mathematics book Whether you are able to understand or not that you check it once Once you only Do you do that exercise for yourself if you are able to understand that then you can choose Otherwise, don't choose this At least live at 12th if you know anything about the differentiation or all those not that will play the role Once you look at those books Any other Right Shall I proceed now so In paper one you have Six units those are linear algebra Calculus and three dimensional geometry or solid geometry Apart from these three you have ordinary differential equations statics dynamics vector analysis This six units constitute the paper one In paper two you have modern algebra real answers complex analysis and lpp lpp means operational research those have done from Bsc max next in paper two section b It contains a partial differential equations numerical analysis mechanics and fluid dynamics So in your bsc level those who have done with the bsc max You might not be doing this These two or some universities have this also Apart from that every part of the syllabus is there in your Bsc max Everything is presented bsx By I said the who who all can choose means all bsc graduates blindly they can choose bsx max graduates blindly they can choose this Except these two everything is covered and here you are immediately your mind might have gone to computer programming Sir, we'll need to learn java language c language for this Don't learn anything. It's not required. Here your computer programming means flow charts and algorithms Uh Twice or once they have asked about basic language Basic language only once or twice they have asked now. It is they're not asking So that is not at all this is not at all related with computer this Java language c language data success nothing Don't link to that next Those are from engineering background Engineering background in engineering background you might be doing this calculus little bit Ordinary differential equation you might have done vector answers you might have done This calculus and then as is this part also you might have done a little bit complex analysis you might have done partial differential equation you might have done Engineering this topics are there Now a little bit extra part will be there Now engineering graduates. What is a new topic for you will be modern algebra? This is an entirely new topic for you Next one is in linear algebra. It is divided into two topics One is matrices up to 12th class whatever matrices is there that one and pure linear algebra So pure linear algebra will be a new topic and 3d geometry These things are the new topics for engineering graduates And physics part some uh like those are from civil engineering there They'll be dealing about statistics also statistics also those are for mechanical engineering Static they'll be dealing statistics and dynamics So it will be like that 60% of the syllabus you have covered everything in the engineering background And those who have done those who have genuinely interested in mathematics Up to 12th class whoever has done mathematics or good at mathematics Just all that part extension only That part extension only matrices Next to calculate the differentiation integration That extension only is ordinary differential equation and partial differential equations Even complex analysis vector is also same Only thing what most of the people will be Dealing or new thing which you will feel is physics topics.  Why I said about this syllabus means It's not about I don't I don't it's about This Showing the syllabus to you. I want to show something how the paper will be there In the exam in the exam Uh, each paper will be having 250 marks So This is section a This is section b How the question will be there means in paper one or paper two They'll be giving eight questions in that you need to choose five questions Only five questions you need to write from eight questions Okay, in the sub-questions will be there in each question sub-questions will be there. So what is the criteria means? In section a I said four questions will be there here One two three four in section b or game you'll be having four five six seven Eight same thing applies to paper two also in this in this First question and fifth question compulsorily you need to attempt Okay, you need to attempt. So there is no choice in those two Next in remaining circles six questions out of eight if you remove two Only six questions are there. So two questions have already attempted remaining six questions, you know, how many questions you need to attempt Three so you have more choice half of those questions are choice But they are kept one more criteria. What is the criteria means? Apart from the compulsory question, you need to attempt at least one question from each section Assume you attempted second and sixth question How many questions are attempted totally four one more question that one question is a choice Only one question is your choice Though it looks five out of eight It's only one question Are you getting the point? So only one question. So by this when Scoring marks or anything about math scoring why mathematics and scoring how the scoring is happening more Means they know entirely about section here. What what are the units are there? What type of questions will come from this? And section b what type of units are there what will be there? So clearly demarcation is there Before hand itself Before writing the exam itself They'll be able to know in section a this type of question. You can expect this year from this topic. You can expect these questions They'll be knowing this pattern This mind map they'll be having students will be having this mind map Going into examination there. It's not required to search what a white question you need to attempt That is only choosing you will be doing there Whether you know this 100 percent or not If you know that you'll be attempting that question. Otherwise you leave that question That you will be doing We're able to understand that This is the advantage with mathematics Your questions won't be jumbled From this part, they won't ask in section a from this part. They won't ask in section b Same applies to here also Everything is demarcated And differentiated clearly Only from that in section a only from this section b And this one from paper one and this one from paper two They won't mingle it writing the point so Syllabus point of view it is clear And we have only 13 units in paper one six units paper two seven units totally 13 units Syllabus is not huge It's more number of problems will be practicing because in the examination it should be easy Whatever the tough part which is there will be handling in the class itself In the exam it should be very clear for us. It should be very easy for us for that purpose. We'll be doing that During the point now. This is a syllabus point now. We see some of the mass Who has scored more marks that we'll see so what all you can expect from this Optional what is the target? Generally, I'll keep the target as more than 320 Yeah, those who are taking max option means compared to other optional you should be scoring more than 32 Then only this optional will be a having an advantage to you. So from my side what you can get one is Of every unit will be starting from the basics then we'll going up to the advanced level to advanced level From basics we'll scratch from the scratch we'll go start and we'll go to this one and syllabus will be that I won't deal about unnecessary things and all those things What UPS is asking what part of things you need to study? Only that emphasized tapping will be done syllabus point of view emphasized thing will be there next We'll be discussing about the previous questions and solved questions of Five years questions you'll be getting solved papers you'll be getting Of last five years unit wise Whenever unit is completed or in the in between the unit we'll be giving this Last five or six years questions. You'll be getting that next through Discussing when we deal about the in the class when we are dealing about the problems there. I'll be dealing about the presentation part how to present an answer For five marks how to present same question if they ask for 10 marks how to present if they ask for 15 marks how how to present The presentation part will be discussed I'm not saying writing Your handwriting may be different, but presentation should be same that And we'll be dealing about the probable UPS in expected. What are the UPS equations are possible? That part will be same next We'll be keeping the unit wise test and Here we'll be dealing about how to manage the time in one hour if you are writing the test I'll be unit to attend a certain number of questions whether you're able to attend that or not those things will be tested here And like how the UPS final exam will be there for 250 marks same pattern of question paper will be done Whether you are able to attend that or not And in the prescribed time on prescribed space whether you are able to complete the answer or not those things will be tested here When the syllabus is going on after every unit will be having a test Or one one unit or two units will be having one test If it is two small units are there means we'll club it and we'll be having one test If it's a big unit is there means one test per one Like that and you can get One thing is you'll be getting the notes. I'll be sharing a soft copy of that notes also Whatever the soft copy that I'll share apart from this you'll be getting the Textbooks soft copies of the textbooks in the telegram. We'll be getting that And from my side, what all you'll be getting is soft copy of the notes as well as hard copy of the last five years solutions In the class I'll be giving the notes also, but that notes itself you'll be getting the soft copy Okay, this is what you'll be getting in the max My target is you should be able to score more than 320 here. I wrote 330 But you should be able to score more than 320 that is my target Those whoever are taking max option. I want that That's where I target my target is that only for that you need to do That is my main point This is how my Process will be going on next. We'll see some toppers max and all those things you see here But this guy, uh, he got selected You also is a s a max S a max next this is ethics. This is ethics How much you scored in essay Ethics One one three. So totally how much it is 120 plus 110 230 Around 230 Approximately in three gs topics. How much you got? 100 under 200 almost like a 270 to 280 280 280 out of 750 in essay and ethics, how much you got? 230 out of 500 Are able to see the difference next in option you see How much you got 162 plus 148 310 out of So in the first or second slide, I said What are the what are the areas where you can score more marks? Scoring pattern is like this Here if you get less marks in the optional Rank also differs If you score more marks in the optional rank also will improve Able to understand this So choosing an option is very important and apart from this essay and ethics also plays a role Sir, I choose max I'm scoring 350 but in essay and ethics I'm getting only 150 Then I can't guarantee that You need to score on a on a similar range more than 200 It should be there 210 or 220 it should be more than that Then we can say something But those who have written With my experience I'm telling those who have taken max option those who have done well in max option They're at least going to interview stage That is guaranteed Interview stage is confirmed But to get the rank essay and ethics paper and gs also You need to score it should be more than 250 to if you can score in this range Then rank is confirmed In this range in three gs topics If you score less than 240 or 250 you can go to interview with max option But rank I can't rank I we can't see Able to understand this one mark it is changing you have seen just now 1060 was the second rank 960 was a 426 rank that guy got That guy mark was That was a last rank in the general category if one mark if you could have got less You couldn't have got selected So there it changes So choosing an option and writing these things will play a huge role next This is one card one of my students paper and one more category In this option you observe how much it is 342 You got below 100 why you got below 100 because of this mark He got advantage of 20 to 30 marks here Because of that he got that rank This year 426 rank if you could have got around 10 or 20 marks even he could have been in the top 100 ranks Able to understand why I am saying about why I am always talking about more than 320 more than 320 is because of this reason Should get rank but if you get rank somewhere in the 800 or 700 It won't be of any use It should be below 200. Then only you'll be able to get IAS, IPS or IFS services or INCAPTAX, those IRS you'll be getting Otherwise you might get around postal or something Focus on those Below 200 rank or 300 rank Then you'll be having high chances to get good rank or nice posting Cader you'll be getting in the home state And good post you'll be getting like IAS, IPS, those things The amount of doing which your effort if you keep and you get selected into postal and somewhere you get posted in Assam or in North East Whether it will be useful Even that point of view also you need to choose Are you able to understand this? It's not just about selecting Where you are getting posting what type of service you are getting in which area all those things matters These are a few examples. I'm telling so this guy got almost like this one more I forgot about this is with max optional in mathematics. You can write Indian Forest Service exam also The same syllabus you can write Indian Forest Service exam. This is one of my students He got this is his mark sheet Before this year Is marked in mathematics in IFS optional two or three Optional two options you need to choose 400 marks. It's not fine up to its total mark is 400 only this 2019 he wrote the He wrote you got around 188 like that in mathematics Later on he wrote the test series and all those things Then his marks got improved. How much you got you see? 235 out of 500 Sorry up to 400 235 out of 400 This scoring will be good This scoring pattern is good in mathematics option So even in forest service you can choose mathematics option So two advantages are there if you choose max option You got all in your 16th rank and That 2021 or 22 one more one more student got 49 rank in forest service So this is this is all the marks and this is all the ranks students are getting But what I'll tell is you think over it What optional whether you have interest in all those things you choose then only select an any option Don't choose blindly whether your friend or brother sister someone has said don't take option in that way That is not the criteria to choose an option So I said what are all the things you need to consider before choosing an option that keep in the mind Then you choose option and specifically related to mathematics option I said now if you have anyone has any in any genuine doubts Related to mathematics means you can Like projectile motion those kinds of things. I'll tell you simple harmonic motion that Silver side didn't describe it No, the Writing style won't matter writing handwriting doesn't matter any other online guys Here I give silvers is this one First I'll segregate the syllabus I won't start the syllabus like whatever is given like this. I'll segregate the syllabus that segregation I'll tell you this calculus and real answers both one at a time will be dealing Next ordinary differential equation and partial differential though will separately deal it But both are one at the same One is a single independent variable one is two independent more than one independent variable Next vector analysis and complex analysis Similar pattern of completion of calculus to analysis will be dealing vector answers and this one Next after completion of modern algebra, then only linear algebra will be done Only after completion of modern algebra then remaining part it's a Algebra part. So how I'll divide the syllabus that part I want to tell I'll divide the syllabus entire syllabus into three What are those three means pure calculus part pure algebra part Next physics part In these three sub heads will be dividing the syllabus in pure calculus. What are all the units out there means calculus real answers Next ordinary differential equations vector analysis complex analysis partial differential This six units comes under pure calculus Next in algebra this one modern algebra linear algebra 3d Lpp this comes under pure linear algebra. Okay This mix of this pure linear algebra and calculus is a numerical analysis It's a mix of both Next physics units are this and this are physics Reading so how the process will be going on means One unit from the calculus part will be taking one unit from the algebra Both at a time will be taking Means in weekend five or six hours. I'll be taking one day sun saturday. I assume so Three hours. I'll be taking calculus two hours. I'll be dedicating for algebra two units at a time will be So we'll emphasize on these two Topics initially after completion of total calculus, then we'll go for physics This application of calculus itself is there in the physics So first we need to complete that Then only we go to any other On any case you ask No, no before this one. This what is this month? It's august august. It will be started By december or 15 days will take extra and we'll complete that We won't take up to prelims December end. I'll try to do maximum Otherwise 15 or 20 days extra. I'll take and complete off that before your pongal unit test weekdays unit test will be there weekdays The weekends classes will be there on weekdays. We'll be having after completion of a unit And that remain in that next week itself will be having will be discussing the time also The class itself will be doing that online guys if you have any doubt you can ask No, here you if you have any doubt you can ask Is it clear about optional any option or mathematics option specifically? Okay, then that's it Yes, sir Okay, whether we need to study more theorems in this subject No No theorem part it will only in modern algebra and a little bit one or two in is there in reliances That theory part is not there Theory part is not Only problems Thank you msc max Might be fluid dynamics physics Okay, I mean some universities are having that some universities are not having that So only that For bsa and msc max almost everything is there except physics part. I get that you you need to choose that You need to judge that that Almost everything will be covered in More than 90% of the syllabus will be there in a bsa mesilence And other Hello, sir. I'm audible Yes, yes, yes Sir, I wanted to know more about the importance of time management both the papers how How many minutes to be spent per question and Just the overall just of it That you'll be getting when you write the test. I'll be telling that whenever we Whenever the paper when we keep the test now there, I'll be giving the choices So based on your writing whether you are able to attempt in specified amount of time or not whether you are able to attempt Or not whether you are able to complete within is required Here it will be given space it will be given in the space itself. You need to do the answer So whether you are able to do that or not based on that then I can read Before itself. I can't tell that it depends it varies from person to person At present That Right right any other Compulsory question will be there from these three units. It's not just from one unit from these three units Sub sub questions will be there. Compulsory question will be there from these three units And so if the question won't be from from this from this three Yes Yes Yeah, if your approach is correct, but end answer is not correct due to some calculation machine mistakes or something your You didn't got the exact answer if the approach is correct And if you have done well and if you have used all their theory or whatever that property everything you have used But you didn't got the answer Instead of getting eight months you might get seven months End answer will be having only one mark or two marks That your mass is not based just on the end marks your approach that is important. Yeah Same scientific calcium is allowed 991 ES or MS But only one condition is condition applies is don't save anything in it difficulty level of the question It will be More than bsc level less than msc level got it It won't be more than pg level Below pg level only but above degree level So if you have done btech btech maxilvers is there little bit above that they'll be asking That but they won't In my experience what I have seen is um, they won't be giving more than 400 in any case Out of 500 they won't be giving more than 400 or 450 they won't be giving They everyone will be in that range only max if your presentation is good everything you have done means 380 390 you can get Scaling will be there means like for 10 marks you might get seven eight Like that. That's it any method you can choose no key Here won't key won't be there Like in prelims you'll be getting a bcd that option only that one here. It won't be like that So your answer is not based your mark is not just based on the final answer Your approach n number of approaches are there A with any approach if you're if you're approaching the problem if you are doing the problem correctly means you'll get the That's not an issue same Space will do that is what you need to learn That you'll be learning here Here mathematics paper or any upsc paper upsc paper is a function of UPSC paper and not just mathematics. It's a function of two two important things or three you can take one is a space one is time space time and one more is uh Space time it's a function of these two generally they'll tell these two space and time space means Your question will be given If it is a five marks means only in this space you need to add One side of the if you have a four sheet One of top they will be giving the question in that bottom you need to write the for five marks If it is 10 marks means on the next side of the paper you'll be getting extra that if you have 15 marks means one more page if it is a 20 mark means two papers Like that in that space itself you need to complete If you do any mistake if you scratch now you won't be having additional space So you'll be losing the marks So choose writing the answer doing the solving the problem you need to be careful All those things will be learned These two space time Apart from this there's one more thing is there One more thing By standing here I can tell for 20 marks You write you keep the subbeddings you keep the boxes at important places fine By standing here I can tell but you are going to write the exam And you have just a five minutes time Keeping all that it's not possible to complete So without doing without keeping all this you need to complete with the problem first So even that that is your mood also matters. It's not just space and time. We're moved Because when the paper whenever it is given like paper to assume paper to it is will be paper one will be in the morning Paper two will be in the afternoon on the same day paper one and paper two will be there in paper two Paper two time will be around two to five o'clock two to five That is after lunch Nicely you'll have lunch Then you'll be going to the interview Around two thirty or two forty five up to three fifteen three thirty. It's a peak time for sleep With that mode if you attempt How that answer will be there you only think about it By standing here I can tell you need to write this you need to write this But you are going to attempt the paper right Writing the point So even that you need to manage It's a mood UPSC paper is a function of space time and the mood Your mood also includes your presence UPSC always plays a mind game. What is a mind game means? You might have prepared everything for example, you are taken this complex analysis Complex analysis you have prepared everything you are perfect in that every part of the syllabus you have covered But they'll give But they'll give every year they'll be giving some or other tough question. They'll be choosing some some Some book they'll be choosing one question and they'll be dumping that question Suddenly if you see that and you know that you felt that it's the easiest unit When you see that I am in my easiest unit. I'm unable to do So they'll keep you in the pressure Then your mind will be thinking only about that From there that pressure will be Applied to the other problems Then you won't be able to score more marks that mind game UPSC always plays You have to come out of that mind game UPSC is always a mind game Even film super you see It's always a mind game. How you handle the paper Handling the paper is important It's not like academic examinations in the degree level or btch level water the paper means You might have prepared this similar to that you'll be getting the question But here it won't be like that little bit extra time. We'll be asking How to manage that That will be tough reading those things Any other rough space means out of eight only five unit attempt those space you can use Scientific calcium is allowed That much time won't be there That much time won't be there for you Only three hours time You know to any any UPSC paper is that only Any optional any GS it will be like that even essay is like that You won't get any extra additional for essay writing essay In that space itself you need to write Don't think that I can write to a lot 13 pages for essay don't go like that In that space itself you need to okay Okay, then thank you. This is all about a max option or any option. So choose optional very wisely All the best


فشرف بالشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دا دا دا لا وياله من شراف عظيمي الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثناء الجميل واشد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق وهو يهد السبيل واشد أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد وفي الوصول ثلاثة الأصول رتن باي شيخ الإسلام محمد ابن عبد الوهاب رحمه الله تعالى ونحن قلت لأوثا رحمه الله وأنواع العبادة التي أمر الله بها مثل الإسلام والإيمان والإحسان ومنه الدعاء والخوف والرجاء والتوكل والرغبة والرهبة والخشوع والخشية والإنابة والاستعانة والاستعادة والاستغاثة والذبح والنذر وغير ذلك من العبادة التي أمر الله بها كلها لله تعالى والدليل قوله تعالى وأن المساجد لله فلا تدعو مع الله أحدى وأن المساجد لله فلا تدعو مع الله أحدى فمنصر فمنها شيء لغير الله فهو مشرك كافر الشيخ الشيخ الإسلام محمد ابن عبد الوهاب now goes into speaking about the types of عبادات there are الشيخ رحمه الله he goes into the types of عبادات there are and as we always do we categorize the عبادات into two types and we say that the عبادات or عبادة the word عبادة when we speak about it it refers to two things okay the first one is التعبد and the second thing is المتعبد به التعبد means the action that the person is coming with how he needs to come with the action right the one who is doing the action how he needs to do the action that the person has to do with كمال الخضوع مع كمال المحبة complete humiliation with complete love that's التعبد and then we have the المتعبد به it's what you're going to worship الله تبارك وتعالى with so how do you do the عبادة you do it with complete love and you do it with complete humiliation okay but then the question arises what is عبادة which is the second thing what is it that I do with complete love and complete humiliation does that make sense what is it that I have to do with complete love and complete humiliation we say that it takes us back to the second point which is المتعبد به it is as شيخ الاسلام ابنو تي ميس anything that meets this definition and that is كي ميس says in his book العبودية page 44 طبعاة المكتبة الإسلامية بيروت he says اسم جامع لكل ما يحبه الله ويرضاه من الأقوال والأعمال الظاهرة والباطنة it's a general term everything which Allah تبارك وتعالى loves and is pleased with okay so عبادة for you to know what you need to do with complete love and complete humiliation you would have to understand this definition okay it is a general term for everything which Allah تبارك وتعالى loves and is pleased with how would one know الله سبحانه وتعالى loves something and is pleased with it it's two ways you can find out there's two ways that a person can know سبتك الله تبارك وتعالى loves and is pleased with the first one is that the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم commands you it and he tells you to do it okay so it becomes something you need to come with and the second one is او مخبرانا عنه بأن الله جل وعالى يحبه ويرضاه or the second point is or the second way is to inform that Allah loves it and you're told that Allah loves it and is pleased with it so those are the only two ways and who can do those two the Prophet عليه الصلاة والسلام he's the one who commands you to do it and he is the one عليه الصلاة والسلام who tells you and informs you that the Prophet is pleased with this عليه الصلاة والسلام now we found out pay attention here now we have come to know what Allah is pleased with and Allah loves how to find out now the sheikh says it's a general term everything which Allah loves and he's pleased with it and he goes on to saying من الأقوال والأعمال so عبادة is only two things anybody asks you ever what عبادة can be is only two things عبادة can only be a speech or an action عبادة can only be a speech or an action so it's only those two العبادات تنقسموا إلى قسمين عبادة is divided into two this is all the statement of Ibn Taymiah عليه رحمة الله okay عبادات which are قولية عبادات that are speeches عبادات which are عمالية actions good وليس ثم قسم ثالثون and there's no third type so don't think to yourself there's a third type but Ibn Taymiah tells us that each and every one of them has a ظاهرة and a باطنة so what did he say اسم جامع لكل ما يحبه الله ويرضاه من الأقوال والأعمال الظاهرة والباطنة the speech has an internal and an external and the action has an internal and it has an external okay from the things that will fall under from the things that will fall under the قولية is the first one which is speech the internal of the speech is or more like on the tongue external because the speech is too internal and external the speech that's internal is the heart and the external is the tongue the ones that are on the tongue the speech that's on the tongue is such as the remembrance of Allah تلاوة القرآن reading in the Quran كلمة المعرف going out there commanding the good prohibiting the evil those are عبادات قولية لسانية the second type is قولية قلبية صح a speech that are internal which is the heart and this is where the intention enters intentions are قول القلب and are you with me that's why those who utter their intentions they fall into innovation you shouldn't utter it it's قول القلب because it's the speech of the heart and you know it should stay in the heart there's not قولية لسان they're confusing قولية لسان with قول القلب are you with me so intention falls here and motives very good and then the second type of عبادات is what عبادات عمالية and it has two types which is قلب and what those which are قلب and those which are جوارح لمز so the sheikh رحمه الله he brings عمال from the عمال القلب and the عمال الجوارح we are going to see them sheikh is going to be examples عمال القلب is for example إخلاص sincerity right sincerity is عمال القلب نية is قول القلب an intention because intention can be bad if he wants صح when it's good عمل القلب توكل is عمل القلب okay it's actually not bad so the sheikh رحمه الله what he's going to do is he's going to give us many of them ذبح is عمل عمل الجوارح you see النذر is عمل الجوارح so the sheikh رحمه الله is going to give us نذر نذر كل one we're going to see it إن شاء الله we're going to study it properly بإذن الله الكلام but if you see it عبادة this is where it enters it's going to enter one of those those four and that's why it's very important for the person to understand the the حقيقة and the reality of what عبادة the real meaning of عبادة like I personally believe the person who dealt with this he did it very well very well extremely well and done a good job on it إذا أبد رحما ياحي المعلمي رحمه الله تعالى he's كتاب رفع الاشتباه في معنى العبادة والإله I hope it's called في معنى العبادة والإله it's called رفع الاشتباه you know what رفع الاشتباه means it means removing the ambiguity and the doubt and the thing the fact that it's not clear and معنى العبادة والإله the meaning of عبادة and what إله means the real to bring it to you and the way he did it صلاحة it is profound profound الشيخ عبد رحما ياحي المعلمي so this كتاب if Allah gives us time it will be one book that we would have to go through in sha Allah go through it because the people who fall into major shirk the door they try to enter from spread the arguments is from the qadiyah of and the lack of the fact that the definition of عبادة is not put in place this is where they try to this is where they try to benefit from so the شيخ رحما الله he says وأنواع العبادة the types of عبادة اللتي أمر الله بها so I look pay attention to here what did he say اللتي اللتي أمر الله بها that which Allah commanded so what did we say what did we say how many ways can we know that Allah is pleased and he loves something سبحانه وتعالى two ways the first one we said is مأمورا به that he commanded and the second one would be say او مخبيرا عنه so these ones that he's bringing they fall under that which has been commanded okay those which are commanded نعم مثل like الإسلام and الإيمان and الإحسان by the way we're not going to touch on الإسلام and الإيمان and الإحسان you know I know why we're not going to touch on it here now the reason is because when he talks about معرفة لعبدي دينه that the slave knows his religion the sheikh will go in will go in there will go in it and he's actually going to bring in this book the long حديث of جيبريل حديث of جيبريل he's going to bring it here and when we go there we're going to deal with it إن شاء الله each one of those الإسلام what it means and الإيمان what it means and الإحسان what it means so the sheikh is going to bring those when he talks about معرفة لدين الإسلام when he talks about knowing the religion of Islam with evidence and that's the second أصل remember we're still on the what the first أصل of the three foundations that the book is built on okay so the sheikh so after that الإسلام and الإيمان and الإحسان what does he go to ومن هو from them is أدعاء so he goes into the first one which is أدعاء so we're going to go into أدعاء the sheikh goes into أدعاء دعاء so the sheikh رحم الله he started the first of them which is أدعاء to supplicate to Allah تبارك وتعالى دعاء and الدعاء it comes in two types as we spoke about previously we said that دعاء is of two types the first one is دعاء عبادة and the second one is دعاء مسألة دعاء عبادة and the second one which is دعاء مسألة and we did touch on the difference between the two right the difference between دعاء عبادة and دعاء مسألة but if you really look at the Quran you tend to find that they are used together in both of them right for example when Allah تبارك وتعالى he says قوله وتعالى صورة غافر وقال ربكم ودعوني أستجب لكم إن الذين يستكبرون عن عبادة الله سيه سبحانه وتعالى ودعوني supplicate to me أستجب لكم I will accept your supplication أن يدعى إن الذين are very the ones يستكبرون هو عبادة مع عبادة فاستفول يستوكن about دعاء مسألة right إيه ده it was actually talking about the supplication and then it went into it used it as a دعاء عبادة الله also used it like that many places in the Quran وزو الله تبارك وتعالى when he was talking about النبي الله إبراهيم ودل سيه وعى تزيلكم وما تدعون من دون الله وأدعوا ربي عسائل لا أكون بدعاء ربي شقية إيه ده الله تبارك وتعالى say in the best I am after it like إبراهيم when he says to his people وعى تزيلكم I am going to leave you guys ها وما تدعونا من دون الله and that which you guys call to besides الله تبارك وتعالى وأدعوا ربي and I will supplicate to my Lord عسائل لا أكون بدعاء ربي شقية so I do not become one who is transgressive a wrong doer in his supplication to his Lord a verse later الله تبارك وتعالى says فلما تزالهم والنبي الله إبراهيم left them and he boycotted them وما يعبدون من دون الله and that which they worship besides الله so before what was used was what تدعونا من دون الله that which you guys call on to besides الله and then an ayah later الله says فلم بعد تزالهم when he because he said to them I am going to boycott you guys and what you guys are calling on to and then when Allah spoke about إبراهيم which they were worshiping besides الله تبارك وتعالى so then دعاه has been explained translated as to be mean عبادة that's what الله تبارك وتعالى does in many places in the Quran if you look at it they are used interchangeably you see they are used interchangeably that دعا عبادة and when they come in the Quran they are both of them is meant by it so when the word comes in the Quran it actually means both of them it actually means both of them so if a person tries to narrow it down to a particular meaning from the two meanings without any evidences then this is تحكم this is dictatorship and this is forcing the verses to be what it's not this is forcing the verse to be what it's what it's actually not what we need to all realize my beloved brothers and sisters is that if the person calls on to Allah تبارك وتعالى and asks from him الله تبارك وتعالى is very close in accepting your دعا giving you what you want سبحانه وتعالى اجيبوا دعوة الدعا إذا دعان I accept the dua of the one that's supplicating to me فاليستجيبوا لي واليؤمنوا بي اللعلهم يرشدون Allah says when my slaves they ask of me then I am close to them I will support them and aid them and give them what they want وجيبوا دعوة الدعا إذا دعان فاليستجيبوا لي واليؤمنوا بي اللعلهم يرشدون this ayah if we really observe it it emphasizes something very powerful that if you look at the Qur'an for example that the Sahab has never asked الله تبارك وتعالى something except Allah gave it to them He always gave it to them an answer was there for them in everything they asked for Allah always says to them قل أو محمد say this to them say this to them say this to them ونبأ الله تبقى الصحابة asked Allah questions for example سورة البقرة ay 189 الله says يسألونك عن الأهلة قل هي مواقيت للناس والحجي ويسألونك عن اليتامة قل إصلاحوا لهم خير الله أصول سيزا another place ويسألونك ماذا ينفقون قل العف ويسألونك عن المحيظ قل هو أذن يسألونك عن الأنفال قل الأنفال لله والرسول قل الأنفال لله الله أصول سيزا ويسألونك عن الروح قل الروح من أمر ربي they are asking you محمد respond to them they are asking you محمد respond to them but this particular place when it came الله تباركوا التعالى he says وإذا سألك عبادي when my slaves ask me when they ask me الله didn't say to the prophet say to them الله did not say to them say to them say to them that I am close رضا الله تباركوا التعالى he said to them directly he intervened and said فإني قريب I am close, don't worry he spoke to them directly وجيبوا دعوة الدعى إذا دعان you see فليستجيبوا لي وليؤمنوا بي لعلهم يرشدون this meaning is actually emphasized by a hadith there is a hadith that actually emphasizes on it which is a hadith narrated by the Imam Bukhariya المسلم من حديث أبي موسى الأشعر الله تعالى عنه he said كنا مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في سفرين we were with the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم in one of the journeys and this was what it was one of the battles which is خيبر the battle of خيبر فكننا إذا علونا كبرنا whenever we got to a high place we would say الله أكبر this is a sunnah when you go up you go Allah Akbar and when you go down you say سبحان الله this is a sunnah when you guys are coming up this is a sunnah when you're going down from somewhere high and you're going down to say سبحان الله this is a sunnah of the prophet فقال النبي the prophet said to the companions ايو هناس all people so some of the the Rewayat mentions that their voices was a bit loud when they were saying الله أكبر لا إله you'll see so it's not just الله أكبر but rather with الله أكبر لا إله اللهWell If you be good to yourself don't scream shout if you don't pray most certainly you're not calling one who is deaf and one who is absent well but call a little and he is فم أت علي and then he came to me وألا أقول في نفسي that I was saying to myself لا حولة ولا qawah إلا بالله he came to me فقاله ستبي يا عبد الله بن قيس قل سي لا حولة ولا قوة إلا بالله فإنها كنزن من كنوز الجنة سي لا حولة ولا قوة إلا بالله فهو صحيح من جنة أوه قل ألا أدل لك سأخبركم هنا كنزن من كنوز الجنة هنا is a treasure from the treasure of jannah and the prophet then so told him لا حولة ولا قوة إلا بالله so this hadith what we want from it is that the prophet said to them أيها الناسوا إربعوا على أنفسكم فإنكم لا تدعونا أصمن ولا غائما ولكن تدعونا سميعا بصيرا that when you guys are supplicating and you're calling onto and you're hearing you you're in a direct contact with Allah there's nobody in between you there's nothing that needs to respond between you he can hear you you don't have to scream from the top of your voice also what strength strength is that meaning is ودل الله ودل الله ودل الله والله يسمعوا تحاوراكما إن الله سميعا بصير let's go to musnid imam Ahmad سنة النسائي ونبن ماجا بخاري النارية لتل معلقا الامام البخاري ونرية this حديث معلقا without the chain of narration من حديث عائشة عائشة رضي الله عنها said الحمد لله praises to Allah اللدي وسعة اللدي وسعة سبعه الأصوات when he was hearing is vast and encompasses all of things he hears everything لقد جاءت خولة خولة came to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم she was complaining about her husband فكان يقف علي كلامها and I was in the next room عائشة says and her words were hidden from me I couldn't really hear what she was saying فألزل الله الله sent down she قول التي تجادلك في زوجها وتشتكي إلى الله والله يسمع تحاورك ما and Allah sends down a verse saying to her I can hear you I hear the speech of the woman who is speaking about her husband and complaining about him الله is in I can hear it I heard everything she said so والله تبارك وتعالى and the slave should know that there is no need for him to get to anything or anyone other than الله تبارك وتعالى he has Allah to ask as I said the dua is of how many types is of two types دعاع عبادة and دعاع مسألة دعاع عبادة as I said to you is all of the points that the sheikh رحمه الله is going to mention okay all of the ones that he is going to mention الخوفه والرجاء والتوكل والرغبة والرهبة والخشوع والخشية والإنابة والاستعادة والاستغاثة والذبح والنذر والصلاة والصوم والحج all of those are دعاع عبادة لكن دعاع مسألة why they could do that it means that whenever you fast whenever you pray whenever you pay zakat whenever you go hajj when you are actually asking Allah through your عبادة you are not necessarily supplicating but you are asking through the عبادة whereas دعاع مسألة it means that you are asking Him you are actually begging Him you are lifting your hands up because through your salah you actually want Jannah and through your salah you are seeking aid you are seeking refuge from the Hellfire whereas دعاع مسألة is طلب ما ينفع you are asking Allah what is going to benefit you and you are also seeking refuge and you are asking Allah to protect you from whatever is going to harm you whatever is going to harm you and they are very related the two of them شكل سلام تعيم يقول فكل دعاع every دعاع which is فكل دعاع عبادة every دعاع عبادة مستلزم it necessitates لدعاع المسألة it necessitates the دعاع of مسألة every دعاع عبادة necessitates دعاع مسألة وكل دعاع مسألة and every دعاع مسألة متضمن لدعاع عبادة it consists in it already it already can it already consists in it دعاع عبادة so that's how the verses that I mentioned before وعا تزيلكم ما تدعون من دون الله وأدعوا ربي عسائل لا أكون بدعاع ربي شقية فلما تزلهم ما يعمدون وما يعبدون من دون الله وهابنا له إسحاقة ويقوب وكلا جعلنا نبيا so if you can see here the relationship between قولوا إبراهيم والإبراهيم said وأعتزيلكم وما تدعون من دون الله and when Allah spoke about it he would say فلما اعتزلهم وما يعبدون من دون الله so you can see that the relationship is so from it which is what that the duaع عبادة مستلزم لدعاع مسألة ودعاع مسألة متضمن لدعاع عبادة كلابا ربي بلوتيميا is very strong and it's a very powerful it's a very powerful it's a very powerful nowadays what you hear that's very sad it's a very sad problem which is many people will come up to you and say to you they'll complain they'll say إننا ندعوا الله كثيرا we supplicate to Allah a lot we ask of Him a lot to change the situation and you change the situation to change the situation that we're in to change our problems uplift from the umma the suffering and the problems that they are going through we ask of Allah تباركة و تعالى these issues and even then وما عدالك لا نرى تغيير للواقع and we don't see no changing of our situation everything's still the same and you're telling us here that Allah hears that Allah is close but then we don't see that closeness that you're talking about or that دعاءة being accepted we don't see it so what's the problem the first point that the person has to realize is that we haven't truly understand the reality of a دعاءة and we haven't understood it فهم صحيحا a correct understanding and we haven't understood it the way Allah wanted us to understand it and we haven't also understood it the way Allah تباركة و تعالى his messenger understood it and you know why دعاءة دعاءة for it to happen is الأخضب الأثباب the means has to be taken the means have to be taken we have to follow the commands that we're told to follow we have to stay away from the prohibition that we were told to stay away from we have to stay at the boundaries that was set for us we have to stay within those boundaries we have to come with the prerequisites for the دعاءة to be accepted from us we have to come with them and then when we submit ourselves to Allah we humiliate ourselves to Him but we lift our hands up to Him تباركة و تعالى and we seek His help then and only then will Allah تباركة و تعالى give us what we ask for and then when only then will He سبحانه و تعالى change our situation and the way we are if you look at the ending of Surat Al-Ibran this is an exact answer this is the last question she is Allah تباركة و تعالى he says from ayah 190 to ayah 194 إن في خلق السماوات والرض و اختلاف الليل والنهار لآيات اللي أولي الألباب الذين يذكرون الله قياما و قعودا و على جنوبهم و يتفكرون في خلق السماوات والرض ربنا ربنا ربنا ما خلقت هذا باطلة سبحانكة فقين عذاب النار ربنا إنك من تدخل النار و ما للظالمين من أنصار ربنا ربنا إننا سمعنا مناديا ينادي للإيمان أن آمن بربكم فآمننا ربنا فغفلنا ذنوبنا و كفر عنا سيئاتنا وتوفنا مع الأبرار ربنا و آتنا ما وعدتنا على رسولك ولا تخزنا يوم القيامة إنك لا تخلف المعاد آفت ذات الله سيز فاستجاب لهم ربهم أني لا أضيع عمل عامل الله سيز يا أنا أمصر هو سيز أكسبت الدعا فاستجاب لهم ربهم الله اكسبت الدعا ربنا ربنا ربنا ما خلقت هذا باطلة سبحانكة فقين عذاب النار ربنا إنك من تدخل النار فقد أخزيت وما للظالمين من أنصار ربنا إننا سمعنا مناديا ينادي للإيمان أن آمن بربكم فآمننا ربنا فغفلنا ذنوبنا و كفر عنا سيئاتنا وتوفنا مع الأبرار ربنا و آتنا ما وعتنا على رسولك ولا تقزنا يوم القيامة إنك لا تقولف المعد الله سيز فاستجابنا فاستجاب لهم ربهم they all are accepted الدعا الله تبرك تعالى but then he goes on to saying أني أنا لا أحد لا أضيع I do not forsake عمل عامل the action of the one who does action حقاً لذلك يأتي باستحابات يأتي باستحابات الحقق لذلك قبل هذه الوصولة تظن ما they did ما هل يفعلون؟ اللذين يذكرون الله قياما وقعودا وعلا جموبهم لا يفكرون الله عندما يفكرون يتذكرونهم سبحانه وتعالى عندما ي sleep and lying on their sides عندما يتذكرونهم يتذكرونهم يتذكرونهم ببقرة وقربائية عندما يفعلون كذلك ثم يقولون ربنا ما خلقتا هذا يفكرونهم يتذكرونهم يتذكرونهم even internalizing and spiritually nurturing themselves now that when they said ربنا ما خلقتا هذا باطلة سبحانكه فقنا عذاب النر they actually deserve الله to accept their dua they deserve فالله تبارك وتعالى to accept their to accept their dua that's not just the only hadith that's not just the only ayah that proves or answers that question let's analyze and go and look at the hadith صحيح مسلم the hadith in صحيح مسلم that battle of better the battle of what? of better when the prophet عليه الصلاة والسلام seeked aid and support and help from الله تبارك وتعالى he beg Allah تبارك وتعالى so much حتى سقط ردائهم until the prophet عليه الصلاة والسلام his cloth fell from على منكي به his shoulders عليه الصلاة والسلام and Abu Bakr will come from behind and he placed the government back on the prophet عليه الصلاة والسلام his shoulders the hadith ibn abbas narrated and he said حدث لي عمر من الخطاب he said عمر من الخطاب told me he said لما كان يوم لما كان يوم بدرن نظر الرسول الله عليه الصلاة والسلام وقلت إلى المشركين وهم ألفون when it was a battle of bedar the messenger عليه الصلاة والسلام he looked at the disbelievers and they were 1,000 he saw a thousand standing right in front of him واصحابه and his companions و3 300 of them he only had 300 men وتسعة عشرة رجولن 319 men الله أكبر there's a thousand in front of him that's double more than double عليه الصلاة والسلام فاستقبل فاستقبل the prophet turned نبي الله القبلة he turned towards the qiblah ثم مده يليه then he raised his hands up عليه الصلاة والسلام فجعله يهتفوا ربه the prophet عليه الصلاة والسلام he started to call on to his lord يهتفوا بربه he was calling on to his lord he was calling on to his lord and this is what he said اللهم أنجز لي ما وعدتني oh Allah fulfill for me what you promise me اللهم آتي ما وعدتني oh Allah give me what you promise me اللهم أن تهلك هذه العصابة من أهل الإسلامي لا تعبت في الأرض oh Allah if you destroy this little group that I have with me today no one's going to worship you on the face of this earth and the prophet went on to asking Allah and he went on to asking Allah and raising his hand higher and higher and facing the qiblah until the حتى سقط رداء and he went on to asking Allah and raising his hand higher and higher and facing the qiblah until the حتى سقط رداء until the حتى سقط رداء عن منكيبيه فأتاه أبو بكر فأخذ رداءه فألقى على منكيبيه now the prophet عسلم is covered on his shoulders his liftings had up so high that he fell from his shoulders أبو بكر came and he took it from the ground and he put it on the prophet عليه الصلاة و السلام he took place on the prophet and then he سريان ربي الله أبو بكر سلعو رفطة والله كفاكبونا شدتك ربك that's enough for you calling on to your Lord that's enough you've called on to him enough فإنه سيون جزو لك ما وعدك الله is going to fulfill for you and he's going to give you that which he has promised to you and then the statement of Allah came down إذ تستغيثون ربكم فاستجاب لكم أني ممدكم بألف من الملائكة مردفين فالله تباركه he sent down a thousand angels in support and help of the believers so what did Allah said فأمد الله بالملائكة through the angels الله سبحانه وتعالى he supported and he aided the believers but if you look if you look the prophet عليه الصلاة والسلام he came with the asbab, the means he brought his companions to the battlefield he made sure that he nurtured them with the correct understanding of the religion عليه الصلاة والسلام but as for us Muslims to eat that which is Harad and to not care what comes into our households to do every sin that comes to our minds and then after that we raise our voices and we cry and we supplicate to him and we ask of him then that really doesn't show that we are ones who really want this application to be accepted so in order for our situation to change we have to change our situation first as الله سبحانه وتعالى he says إن الله لا يغير ما بقوم حتى يغير ما بأنفسهم الله will not change a situation of a people until they change their situation صورة الرعد آية 11 and الله also says in صورة الأنفال آية 53 ذلك بأن الله لم يكن غيرا نعمة أن عمها على قوم حتى يغير ما بأنفسهم الله is not one who changes a people from a blessing that he put them he doesn't take them out of that blessing until what حتى يغيروا ما بأنفسهم until they change their situation and they go against Allah's command and they show disbelief towards him سبحانه وتعالى and they don't show gratitude towards him الله then takes away from them the good that they have إمام مسلم he narrated in his صحيح on the authority of Abu Huraira رضي الله وتعالى عنهم صلى الله عليه وسلم he said أيها الناس or people إن الله طيب الله تبارك وتعالى is good لا يقبلوا إلا طيب and he doesn't accept he doesn't accept he doesn't take and accept except that which is good وإن الله أمر المؤمنين really Allah has commanded the believers بما أمر به المرسلين that which he has commanded the messengers الله has commanded the believers that which he has commanded the messengers by saying to them يا أيها الرسل or messengers كلوا من الطيباتي eat from the good وعملوا صالحا come with righteous actions إني بما تعملون عاليم I am one who knows everything which you do وقال الله says to the believers the same thing يا أيها الذين آمنوا those of you who believe كلوا من طيباتي ما رزقناكم eat from the good in which your Lord has provided you with ثم اذكر الرجل then the prophet told the story of a man يوطيل السفر who went into a long journey أشعة أغبر he's dusted his hair has dusted it sandy يمدو يديه إلى السماء he lifts his hands up in the sky he says يا رب my lord يا رب my lord وما تعبه حرام but his food was haram this man ate haram وما شربه حرام he drank haram the clothing he's actually wearing is haram ووذي بالحرام he was nurtured and cultivated upon haram فأنا يستجابوا لذلك how would this individual's dua be accepted if you look at this hadith he used the same supplication that the people in surat al-ibran used ربنا my lord he said the same wording he said my lord he begged Allah he lifted his hands up and we know الله سبحانه و تعالى إن الله حيي و كريم الله is generous الله is kind if he's slave lifts his hands up in the air and he asks of Allah الله is shy to let your hands go back and not give you what you ask for but Allah watched this individual الله actually watched this individual what's even more amazing and shocking is that even the disbelievers الله gives it to them when they ask و إذا ركبوا في الفلك دعوا الله مخلصين له الدير فلما نجاهم إلى البر إذا هم يشركون that these believers when he's in the middle of the ocean and the sea and he asks Allah الله سبحانه و تعالى something Allah gives it to him Allah gives it to him of what he asks for when he comes with تلحيد that he thinks he throws his idols away and he starts asking Allah with sincerity Allah accepts it from him but that this the believer here Allah has it الله سبحانه و تعالى الله doesn't The Prophet ﷺ told us in the Hadith that Imam Ahmad narrated his Muslim and other than Imam Ahmad narrated بسلادين حسنين with the sound chain of narration on the authority of who أبوا سعيدين الخضري رضي الله و تعالى عنهم that the Prophet ﷺ said مام المسلم there is not a believer يدعو بدعوة him he makes a supplication ليس فيها إسمون there's no sin in it ولا قطيعة رحم and there is not in it the cutting of ties of kinship إلا أعطاه الله except Allah will give him بها except that which Allah will give him that which he asked for except Allah will give to him what إحدى ثلاثة except Allah will give to him one of three pay attention there is not a believer who supplicates to Allah and he doesn't ask something that is a sin and he doesn't also ask that which involves the cutting of a family member and the cutting of ties of kinship it doesn't involve that except Allah will give him one of three except Allah will give him one of three إما أنت عجل له دعوة one is either Allah will hasten your دعاء for you the response and he will give you the response quickly وإما أن يدخلها له في الآخر or Allah will store it for you for the hereafter or وإما أن يصرف عنه من السؤال مثلها or else Allah will divert from you and evil like it so my beloved brothers and sisters the way Allah wants to accept your دعاء is after him he does it the way he wishes it doesn't always have to be hasten for you in this world فلاتي أس don't give up my beloved brothers and sisters and don't give up also the person shouldn't give up he should not give up the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم قال كما في الصحيحي حين أس زن بخاري المسلم on the authority of Abu Ghraira يستجاب لأحدكم one of you's دعاء is accepted ما لم يعجل as long as he's not hasty يقوله he says دعوه to I supplicated I supplicated فلم يستجاب لي and my dua wasn't accepted in another warning إما مسلم says قيلة يا رسول الله ما لاستعجاله the Prophet was asked what's meant by استعجال hastiness he says the Prophet then said يقوله that this person keeps saying قد دعوه to وقد دعوه to I asked and I supplicated ولم أرى يستجاب لي فا يستح سيرو عند ذلك ويدعوا الدعاء I asked Allah I supplicated to him and he hasn't given me what I asked for so he gives up and he stops supplicating that's what it means this is my beloved brothers and sisters for today's session إن شاء الله and today's lesson on ثلاثة الوصول I'm going to stop there بإذن الله الكريم anything which I said that was wrong a show coming فإنه مني ومن الشيطان والله ورسوله بريعان منه it's from me الشيطان because Allah has messaged I'm free from it سبحانك اللهم بحمدك أشد أن لا إله إلا الله استغفروا كواتوب إلي


Dear students, in this module we shall discuss the spectrum of study of physiology. We define physiology as the study of functions of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems of organisms. Our ultimate goal of the study of animal physiology is to understand the mechanisms that operate in animals at all levels in physical and chemical terms. Dear students, the laws of physics and chemistry, which you have studied in the last classes of physics and chemistry studies, have been applied to a lot of the laws on physiological mechanisms and processes. We will take a few examples from which we will look at the applications on physiological processes. First of all, you are familiar with Ohan's law. In physiology, this law is applicable to blood flow and pressure. It is also applicable to ionic currents and capacitance of the membrane. Then the Boy's law and very familiar ideal gas law, these two laws are applicable to gas exchange mechanisms in animals, that is, respiration. Then law of gravity is applicable to blood flow. They are applicable to muscle contraction in animals. They are also applicable to chest movements that occur during inhalation and exhalation. Similarly, the concepts of drag, inertia, momentum and velocity are applicable to locomotion in animals. Dear students, physiology is an interesting field and curiosity underlies the studies of physiology. The desire to know, that is, the justice or juxtaposition, is created because of interest. There are many things in physiology that bring our interest to our side. We will take a few classical curious questions from the example of physiology. There is a classical example, that a hummingbird, when hovering flies, its heart beats 20 times per second. How is it possible? Then insects can see in the ultraviolet spectrum, while we cannot. How?  How? So, these are some questions that provoke curiosity. Dear students, animal physiology is the basis of human physiology also.  That is why when we study comparative animal physiology, we come to understand many mechanisms that are operating in our own bodies. That is why the physiology, animal physiology lays the foundation of human physiology. That the human physiology lays the foundation of medical science. Actually, there is a lot of knowledge that we know about human physiology, about human tissues, about human organs, and that is based on those experiments that were carried on animals. Dear students, the human physiology has laid the foundation of human physiology. Modern medical science. That is the basis of scientific medical practice. Understanding the physiological basis of disease helps in developing the effective and sound treatments for human diseases. In the modern times, physiology has contributed through the development of special model organisms for specific human diseases. In the modern times, physiology has contributed through the development of special models organisms for specific human diseases. For example, diabetic mice, such as those who suffer from diabetes, congenitally fat rats, these models allow wide range of experimentation that provide insight into the physiological basis of disease.


I walked up to him one day, I said, hey man, I got this idea for a story called Connor the Cutter because I have a son named Connor and Rod's like, dude, I have a son named Connor. I was like, wow, I guess this is meant to be. So we shook hands, went to Panera Bread. So we sat down with our laptops and the kids were, the family was all with us and we're, as we're writing, we're just outlining all these ideas on this napkin. It was kind of a miracle. By the end of that two hours, we already had book one completely outlined and plotted out and ready to go. And a week later, we had the first draft written. Rod's and the Navy and I'm in the Coast Guard and, you know, in the Coast Guard, our core values are honor, respect, devotion to duty. And we hope that these books, you know, help the younger generation through these children's stories and then maybe that will carry them through, through the adolescent years and then adult years. If someone comes to me with an idea, my first answer is you can, period. We just wanted to teach kids awesome messages.  So it goes back, you know, a children's book that's written just for children, not very good. I mean, that's, that's our why. That's our why. That's why we do it, to inspire, to bring hope. For every life lesson that we've learned the hard way, we're going to teach it to kids the easy way. So that's what we're for. Yeah.