Everybody forced here ripping 22 23 impeccable basketball hobby three bucks case number 24 Random team style all that you check out the results on screen right here. There's a link in chat for the results You can find them anytime on lean sports cards calm Let's have some fun here we go Again very little space for personals and five spots up on flawless That's what we got tonight y'all they got a full week in the breaks as well Kyle in the morning Sam the Maronite Matt or no Kyle daytime Sunday was personals and then I'll be back in the evening on Sunday for Sunday Monday Make sure I see that photo piece next, but we're gonna pull a monster right here, too. So don't worry. Don't worry Yeah, bar card that all we'll do at the very end. All right start off with 76ers James Harden to 75 Rookie for the Hawks to 20 AJ Griffin Nice low number parallel on the AJ Griffin Lakers Anthony Davis numbered to 99 What does Sam call him every other Davis? Yeah brutal brutal Sam so disrespectful How dare he Jared Allen canvas creations out of eight of 25 Cleveland. That's from last year, right? Yeah, 21 22 Jared Allen Cleveland Guys excited for series two next week a new big baseball rookies immortal ink Derek Fisher Lakers You got to get the Matt Barnes Derek Fisher dual auto They call it dramatic duos or something like that All the Matt Barnes signs in this too You got to get them together somehow Derek Fisher to 75 a Disney You got Jacob Arabia stainless stars rookie auto the grizzlies there solid hit 24 49 impeccable stars pistons auto grants hill 44 49 off matt Sorry about that pistons Rockets rookie auto Jabari Smith jr. 81 of 99 Dynamic duos. Yeah, it could be dynamic duos We'll get that mad for your rockets stainless stars rookie shade on sharp 12 of 99 Portland on the on the sharp. It's funny how you drive sandless. I drive Donnie nuts. I'll be like Donnie careful. It's a sharp card I mess them all night Kate Cunningham 10 of 49 pistons That's true. He really is Brandon Ingram out of 75 pelicans And I spurs rookie here Jeremy Sohan 80 of 99 Wendell Moore jr. Timberwolves on the impeccable rookie signatures to 99 Bulls throwback hit here canvas creations auto BJ Armstrong What is up with that? What is going on with his auto? Is that how it always looks not to I don't remember that Dude, he just went crazy Bulls a 99 BJ Armstrong. Look at this Dude, he was like, ah I was gonna say I was like he definitely like messed up. We're like, ah I was just tired of signing somebody cards impeccable stars blazers auto anthony simons at 25 sweet simons hollow silver Blazers doing very well and a hawks deontay Murray canvas creations auto to 35 big redemption. Hopefully coming up here And it is Keegan Murray impeccable rookie seasons signatures Keegan makes his appearance Or in grabbing a spot and flawless brings it down to four four to go Again, that's after the double the dual case next Nice Keegan Murray. I don't You just always get rid of the pendants over here. Oh, it's right there. I did it, but I don't blame Sam anyway Kings Keegan kings Oh, the french open's going on. I forgot about that Bonjour Yes, there's a lamella ball stainless stars number to 99 the hornets 76ers james hard in the 75 Baguettes. Yes. Yes. That is a that is also a french word Vaughn. Good job 12 of tons to hawks tray young ice tray He's got the mean mug in this. I like it Malcolm Brogdon Celtics 28 of 99 Nikhil Alexander Walker canvas creations auto 2 out of 10 for the pelicans here pelicans. Alexander Walker. It is a 21 22 card Magic Caleb Houston on the rookie auto to 99 Nice rookie auto here bucks marjambot champ to 99 Usually his auto is nicer than that too. I don't know what those swiggles are What's up with the uh signatures in this box? first case Tyree eason two of 10 elegance rpa rockets Holy cow rockets killed it Trying to find who's houston eric c with houston two of 10. Tyree eason will get it magged Go very nicely with your Jabari Smith and Palo Ben caro stainless stars rookie auto Big time rookie hits on the back 43 of 49 magic big palo Ute scene with the magic Yeah, we got a bar card too. It's time to time to hit the bar Oh Two of three Half trey ounce of 14 carrot gold rookie jazz. Oh shayak bhaji That's gold, baby. That's gold Gold 14 carrot half a trey ounce big rookie jazz like bhaji to three Harper with the jazz We got gold There's gold in them nair card One at the last three hits were a huge The gold itself is worth a is worth a good uh good few dollars As you could say right recap time marjahn bochamp Caleb houston mckeal alexander walker is a pelican dianthe mary hawks amherty simons Bj armstrong wendell more jr. Grant's hill jake laravia derrick fischer And jared allen cavaliers Yeah, a couple of rockets here two of 10 gold rpa tarry eason Rockets with a jibari smooth jr. Rookie otta to 99 as well king's redemption keegan mary impeccable rookies um season signatures stainless stars rookie otto palo ben caro 43 of 49 magic Big rookie hits in this case and gold two of three half an ounce of 14 carrot Oh shag bhaji. All right, that'll do it y'all. Thanks again dual case up now


Yo, how's it going everyone? It's Logan. He went back out again. I'm not reaction video And now today we're reacting to all blackpink teaser for how you like that I was gonna do a video on every single one they got released, but I decided hey Why don't we just do a video on all of them once they release but wait for it wait for it Tomorrow it's gonna be Reacting to every single blackpink music video video coming out tomorrow So definitely subscribe if you're excited for that But yeah, as you can see I've made a little wee cue of all the teasers that are blackpink have released for how you like that and I'm pretty excited. It's gonna be very interesting because like each one's got like 15 million plus views So yeah, I'm excited for this because it's been so long since we've actually had some blackpink music because it's YG But hey, at least we're actually getting music. So I'm actually excited for this So this is a pre-lease for their album which will be coming out later this year and yeah Let's just get straight into this Rose okay Wait What? Yeah, let the sound of a microwave going off. I thought there was a microwave in my room ain't gonna lie chief Okay, let's let's re-watch this. I won't be confused this time. She's so beautiful though. I like it a lot.  She looks like jet and Hey, no, no, no, I want to play Valorant. Oh, but yo, this is the these microwave teasers are pretty cool. I Like it Okay, that noise is after how you like that. Okay, it's not a microwave Whoa, but they says looking freakin sick Okay, we want real real. Oh, yes, we're re-watching that wow bro Damn that piercing. I think I'm not ready. Oh Okay, same one same one Same time in audio Why are they all so beautiful? I mean, I we've known that for ages, but like why like goddamn Jesus, man So beautiful and also if that's instrumental for the song, I'm a fan Okay, so now we have to make pink. How you like that concept teaser video Which I think is gonna be interesting because now we're gonna see all of them and I wonder are we gonna get microwaves or Not microwaves. Let's let's find out in three two one Microwaves Whoa We This sounds sick already.  Now we have to the actual music video teaser, which is gonna be cool because it's gonna be the music video teaser Okay, so let's get into this one. Let's get into it. Okay, so we're not getting microwaves in the actual song.  I'm in love now. This looks like it's a dark angel just saying just just saying it looks like a dark angel So I wonder what the whole music video is gonna be like because the the set design does look freakin sick like Like this this looks insane and then it goes to that and then I guess I Guess we're dying. I guess we're just dying. I guess we're I like that a lot I like that a lot blackpink. I really really do but okay I'm quite excited for this and everyone be prepared for tomorrow tomorrow with reacting to every single blackpink music video So definitely subscribe if you guys are excited for that because of every blackpink music video And then the date after the new blackpink video wait a second I should do the every music video after that video because then it means this actually every music video Nah tomorrow, but yeah, this is gonna be freakin sick. Okay, the microwave noises for three of those teasers were weird Okay, don't know why they did that. It was weird, but you know what it's blackpink. So I'm learning it. I'm learning it Go I'm learning you go they can do that But then we got their music video teaser that sounded freakin sick And I'm excited for this song in a couple days from now. I'm pretty sure it's in a couple days from now Let me quickly check yeah, it's in two days from now at 9 p.m For me, but I yeah guys that is all for this video Hopefully you all enjoyed and if you did definitely show some support by leaving a like and also comment down below I hope you freaking love blackpink and if you're excited for reacting to every blackpink music video tomorrow And I yeah other than that hope you all have a great day. Keep smiling. Be happy. Be safe out there And I yeah, peace


Hey everyone, welcome to another video lesson from NavigationTrading.com. In this lesson, I wanna show you the difference between a long put vertical and a short call vertical. So we're looking at ticker EWW, this is the Mexican ETF. And let's say you were looking at this and you said, okay, this thing is a little overextended to the upside and we're looking for a pullback to the downside. Two of the different trade strategies you could use to benefit from that would be a long put vertical or a short call vertical. So how do you know which one to choose? Let's take a look. So if we go to the trade tab, we can start by just setting these up. And on the long put vertical side, I like to start in the money and then the other strike would be a little bit out of the money and on the call vertical side start somewhere a little near or out of the money and then buy a further out of the money strike. So I've already set these up. I just did them five points wide. And let's start with the short call vertical spread. So these five points wide. So I sold the 47 and bought the 52. And here's what that looks like from a risk profile standpoint. I like to set these up so that they have at least a 60% probability of success. And I wanna make sure my max loss is no more than three times that of my max profit. So in this case with one contract, we've got a max profit of $134 and a max loss of 366. So that fits the criteria. You can see if we set our price slice to break even we've got a probability of over 60%. So that works as well. So that's the short call vertical. If we look at a long put vertical, what you'll notice is it looks exactly the same. Now we've gotta move our price slice over just a little bit. So you actually get a little bit better probability of success on this. And you've got a max profit that's a little bit higher of 146 and a max loss of 354. So a little bit less. So when I set these up, sometimes I'll look at both of these to determine which one I like better. And in this case, I would like the long put vertical gives me a slightly better max profit, slightly lower max loss. And the other thing that I look at is what's gonna happen to implied volatility? Typically if stocks go down, implied volatility goes up. So that would benefit the long put vertical. If we sell the short call vertical, we're selling premium. And so an expansion implied volatility actually goes against that a little bit.  And so it's not a bad idea to set both of these up on your analyze tab, check out the little bit of difference between them and then make sure you understand the impact that implied volatility will have on that trade. Sometimes it makes sense to do one, sometimes it makes sense to do other. But in this case, I would choose the long put vertical because if price moves down, implied volatility is going to expand theoretically, most likely, and that'll benefit that position as well. So I hope that was helpful, see you in the next video.


Hello and welcome to CMC Markets on Tuesday the 26th of May and the weekly market update. Now last week I talked about the potential for the DAX to move back to 12,000 in the context of a break of a downward channel that we've been in since we posted the all-time highs around about 12,400 and I was a little bit nervous about the break hire in the DAX simply because of the lack of confirmation of the break that we saw on the Euro stocks 50 simply because I think sometimes when you're looking for potential breaks out of trend reversals sometimes it's nice to have a confirmation in a way that DAO theory argues in the context of moves higher or moves lower. Sometimes markets correlate quite well and the Euro stocks 50 does tend to correlate fairly well with the German DAX. So I was right to be cautious about this break hire in the DAX because if we look at the four-hour chart of the Euro stocks 50 that I showed you last week we can see that the price action has respected the upper trend line from the highs in April and has rebounded back off it. So for the time being the downtrend in the Euro stocks 50 remains intact and as such I think any rebounds in the German DAX are likely to find resistance around about 11,900 the 12,000 area. So certainly going forward in the context of what we're seeing certainly in some of the data that we've got coming out of the Euro area the Euro weakness and the fact that the Euro stocks 50 and the DAX is finding it difficult to rally despite this Euro weakness it makes me a little bit concerned that maybe we could see further downside in European equity markets and maybe we're getting a false break lower in the Euro dollar and could actually be poised to actually rebound higher after last week's steep sell-off in the Euro. So in the context of the downside on the Euro stocks 50 I think the 3,500 level is a very key level it's double support from the lows that we've seen in May and as such it's likely to be a key support level on any move or test towards the lows of the last 30 days. Now I talked about the decline in the Euro in the context of the weakness that we've seen over the past few days in European equity markets and the fact that really what should be happening is that while the Euro is going down European markets should be going up. Now if we look at a weekly chart on the Euro dollar and we can see that we've had a very strong down move last week but we have to put this down move in the context of the very bullish monthly candle that I talked about at the beginning of this month. It's also noticeable I think that we had a similar very strong down move around about the end of March and the beginning of April after we put in a very strong low at 104.65 so even though we've put in two potentially very bearish candles since we put in those lows the overall monthly engulfing candle bullish engulfing candle that we saw in April still holds sway and as such I'm going to be very I'm a little bit nervous about this very strong down move in the Euro dollar which brings me to my next chart. Now what would cause me to revise my outlook with respect to a move higher in Euro dollar? We've seen a strong move down we've seen a strong move below one ten and a half that's a move that I didn't expect to see so in that context we need to find out where the next support level is. Well then I think the next key support level is at 108.7580 why is that important? Well we can show that on this four-hour chart here and what I've done is I've taken the lows that we saw earlier this year and projected Fibonacci retracements off the peaks we saw a couple of weeks ago just below 115 and at 61.8 Fibonacci retracement level of that entire up move comes in at 108.7580 so if we break below 108.7580 then it stands to reason that our scenario for a higher Euro back towards 110.50 which is our next now resistance point it was support it's now resistance and a move back to 115 remains seriously in doubt. A move below 108.7580 rip up the bullish scenario and you have to adopt a wait and see attitude with respect to the Euro's next move. What would the next support level be on a break below 108.7580? Well I think you've really got to look at the lows during the week of the 20th of April and you're looking at around about just below 107 around about 106.50. So not only have we seen a weaker Euro we've also seen a stronger dollar now you can talk about the reasons for why the Euro's weekend and we can also look at the reasons why the dollars strengthened you can talk about prospects for US rate rise Janet Yellen's comments on Friday that she expected to see a rate rise sometime this year if the economy improves and those were the key those were the three key words that I think the markets are ignoring if the economy improves actually that's four words but who am I to count anyway in that context what we've seen is the dollar's gone on a surge it's posted its first positive week in the last six weeks against the basket of currencies and what it's also doing is it keeping a cap on Brent crude prices so that brings me back to the Brent crude price chart that I've shown you in previous videos I think it was about two or three weeks ago I showed you this this particular chart the Greystone Dogey is still there it's found resistance at the 2010 lows around about $67.80 it's finding support around about $63.40 we're getting lower highs that would appear to suggest that Brent crude is running out of steam that will be confirmed on a break below our support line at $63.40 that concludes this week's weekly market update once again thank you very much for listening this is Michael Houston talking to you from CMC markets


Hello and welcome back. In this session, we are going to try to put together all that we have learned about polymorphism and virtual functions into one exercise to build one interesting program. So, here is a recap of what we studied in the last lecture. We studied about polymorphism in C++ programming. We studied about virtual destructors and abstract classes. In this lecture, we are going to put all of this together to write a simple example program on polymorphism. Much of this lecture is motivated by the treatment in the book and introduction to programming through C++ by Abhiram G. Ranade published by McGraw Hill Education 2014. In fact, the example that I am going to show you now is taken from this book. So, here is our problem statement. We want to write a C++ program that takes as input a string which is going to be a verb, an English language verb from the user and it is going to print the past tense of this verb. So, here is how we might go about trying to solve this problem. So, we will classify verbs into two major categories for purposes of generating past tense. So, these are regular verbs and irregular verbs. A regular verb is one where you can just take the string that represents the verb and suffix ed to it to get the past tense of the verb like play, played, walk, walked, look, looked, watched, watched. Irregular verbs on the other hand are verbs where you cannot do this to get the past tense. For example, be, was, speak, spoke, eat, ate. So, the question is how are we going to do this systematically in a program? So, well, we might say that we are going to keep track of what are the regular verbs and what are the irregular verbs. For the regular verbs, we can just suffix ed whenever we are asked to generate the past tense, but for irregular verbs, we have to store the past tense along with the verb and if we are asked to generate the past tense of one of these verbs, we can just read out from the stored past tense form of the verb. So, as a programming solution, we are going to have a class verb which is going to represent all verbs, but as we just saw in the last slide, it does not make sense to just talk about a verb. We are going to talk about regular verbs or irregular verbs for purposes of generating past tense. So, while we are going to have this class verb, it would be good to have this as an abstract class. We do not really want to instantiate an object of the class verb. This is meant to be the base class of a class of regular verbs and similarly a class of irregular verbs and as you can see here by declaring a pure virtual method in this class, I have basically rendered this class abstract. What does this class have as its members? It has a protected data member called root which is a type string and it has a public method called get root that accesses the protected data member and returns it. Here is what a derived class of regular verbs might look like. This class is derived from the base class verb. This is the constructor. The constructor for this derived class takes a regular verb as a string and it stores that regular verb in the root. If you recall, the root was a protected data member of the base class. So, it can be accessed inside the derived class and then there is this public member method past tense. What does it do? It is going to return the past tense of a regular verb and this is the easier case. It can just return the string that was stored in the root which was the actual verb concatenated with ed. If you recall, this plus operator is concatenation for the class string and so here this will return the string stored in root followed by ed. So, this is the simple case. The regular class of verbs as a class derived from the class verb. Here is the other derived class irregular which is also derived from the class verb. Now, if you recall for irregular verbs, we said that we are going to store both the verb and its past tense. We did not need to do this for regular verbs. So, for regular verbs, I did not have a special string storing the past tense, but for irregular verbs, I will have to do that. So, here is the string that is going to store the past tense of the verb. Here is the constructor of the class irregular which is going to take two strings as arguments. One is the verb, the other is the past tense of the verb. It is going to store the verb in the root and it is going to store the past tense of the verb in this private data member pt. So, when I instantiate an object of the class irregular, I will have to pass these two parameters and these two parameters are going to be stored in these two data members, one of which is specific to the class irregular only. What does this method past tense do? In this case, because it is the irregular class of verbs, I cannot concatenate ed and return the past tense. So, I have to just access the past tense of this verb which is stored in this private data member pt and I have to just return that. So, here is how our overall solution might look like. Here is the main function. In this main function, I have an array of regular verbs. This array is of size 2. I have instantiated it with two objects of the class regular. Each object has been created by a call to the constructor of the regular class with an appropriate string for the verb. So, here the two strings, the two regular verbs which are being used to instantiate the two objects in this array r of size 2 are play and watch. Similarly, I have this array i r of irregular verbs. This array is of size 3 and I am going to instantiate this with three objects of the class irregular. Each object is obtained by invoking the constructor of the class irregular with appropriate strings past as arguments. Recall that a constructor of the class irregular requires the verb as well as its past tense to be passed as arguments and so that is what we have passed as arguments here. Here is v1 which is a pointer to the base abstract class verb and here is our query string. We will see how we are going to use this v1 in the subsequent slides. Here is our query string and we will write a do while loop here and inside this loop, we are going to ask for a verb to be provided by the user as input and then we are going to search these two arrays and if I find it in this array, I will concatenate ed to it to print out its past tense or if I find it in this array, I will pick up the past tense from the appropriate data member of the irregular verb object and I will print that out as the past tense and finally, this main function returns 0. So, let us now see what happens inside this do while true loop. Note that this looks like an infinite loop here, but we will see that in the body of this loop, we can have statements which are going to print out whether we have been able to find the verb and therefore, what is its past tense or whether we have not been able to find the verb, it does not exist in the knowledge base that this program has and of course, in order to come out from this loop from this infinite loop, we can always terminate the program by pressing control C for example, from your keyboard. So, let us see what happens within this do while loop. So, here is the do while loop, I am going to ask the user to enter the verb to find, I am going to read that in and store it in the string variable query, I am going to set a flag to false. After that, I am going to loop over the list of regular verbs, I know that that has just two entries. So, here is my for loop iterating over those two entries and note what I have done here, if you recall, we had declared a variable v1 which was of type pointer to the base abstract class verb, I am now going to use this pointer variable here to store the address of the ith element in the array of regular verbs. Now, the ith element in the array of regular verbs is of course, going to be a regular verb. So, the address of that is going to be the address of a regular verb, but since a regular verb is derived from the base class verb. So, this can also be viewed as an address of an object of the base class verb and therefore, this assignment is fine, but remember also that the base class verb was an abstract class, it had if you go back here and see, you will notice that the base class verb had a pure virtual method therefore, it is an abstract class and therefore, whenever here I am going to make a call v1 arrow something, v1 arrow something, it is actually going to find out what is the actual object to which v1 is pointing and invoke the appropriate method from that derived class. So, let us see it in action over here. So, what we do is we say if v1 arrow get root is query. So, once again v1 is an abstract class. So, v1 arrow get root is actually going to invoke get root of the class by first finding out what is v1 actually pointing to here, v1 is pointing to an object of class regular verbs. So, it is actually going to invoke get root from the class regular and that is going to return the string that is stored as the verb in the first element of this array and if that matches query, we are going to say past tense of that string is and we are going to call v1 arrow past tense. Remember, v1 is abstract class in which past tense was declared as a virtual function. See, this past tense was declared as a virtual function. So, when I say v1 arrow past tense over here, it is actually going to find out what is v1 pointing to, v1 is pointing to an object of the regular class and so, it is going to call past tense of the regular class and what does past tense of the regular class do, it just returns the root concatenate with ed. So, that is what it is going to return over here. It is going to print that out, print an end of line, it is going to set the flag found to true and break from this for loop because it has now found the queried verb in this list of regular verbs. So, this is the end of the for loop searching over the list of regular verbs and if it did find this verb to be within this list of regular verbs, then it will again continue which means it will go back to the beginning of the loop and again ask for the next verb to find and again restart the whole process. However, if it did not find the input verb in this list of regular verbs, then found would be set to false because note that it was initialized to false and it is set to true only when I have found the regular verb in this array of regular verbs. So, if I do not find it found would still be set to false. So, this if found is true then continue this statement would not be executed. In fact, what we will now do is we will now go and search for the list of for the queried verb in the list of irregular verbs. So, once again this is a very similar action that happens here because the array of irregular verbs has three entries in it. So, I am going to have this for loop which iterates from i 0 to i less than 3. Once again I am using the same pointer v 1 of the base verb class to point to an object from this array of irregular verbs. So, this is really an address of an irregular verb, but because in the irregular class is derived from the base verb class. Therefore, an object of the irregular class can also be thought of as an object of the base verb class. Therefore, an address of an object of that irregular class can be thought of as an address of an object of the base verb class. So, this assignment is fine and then here I am going to do the same thing as I had done earlier I am going to call v 1 arrow get root. So, if you go back in the class v 1 there is this method get root which is declared and it is not virtual. Therefore, v 1 arrow get root will actually invoke this method and it will return the root verb stored in that object and if that matches the query then we will print out past tense of root is and we will print the queried verb over here. And how do I now print the past tense of this verb we call v 1 arrow past tense, but v 1 being a pointer to the base class and the base class being an abstract class in which past tense was a pure virtual function. Therefore, v 1 arrow past tense would really require us to find out what is v 1 pointing to and in this particular case v 1 is pointing to an object of the class irregular. So, therefore it has to go and call past tense from the class irregular and this method past tense in the class irregular is just going to return the string p t which was the past tense of the verb that was provided when this object itself was created and to the constructor of this class we had provided this past tense as an argument. So, that is what it is going to return here and it is going to print that out set the flag to true and break from this for loop because it has found the queried verb in the list of irregular verbs. Of course, if we have not found it either here or here in the list of regular or irregular verbs then found is false because it was initialized to false over there and then we can say verb not found and we can go back and ask for the next verb. So, as you can see this is truly an infinite loop where we keep asking for a verb see whether it is in the list of regular verbs if so we print out its past tense by invoking the past tense method of the derived class regular and if it is in the list of irregular verbs we print out its past tense by invoking the method past tense in the derived class irregular and I have used the same pointer v1 which is really a pointer of the base class verb to point to both objects of the array R which are really objects of the class regular and also objects of the class irregular which are entries in the array I R and when I invoke v1 arrow get root either here or here this really goes and invokes the method get root which is not declared to be virtual in the base class verb but when I invoke v1 arrow past tense either here or here because past tense is declared to be virtual in the base class verb here I have to find out what is the context in which this method is being called I find out that here v1 is pointing to an array of class irregular so the past tense of the class irregular is called here v1 was pointing to an object of the class regular so here the method past tense of the class regular is called so here is how our overall solution looks like inside the while loop inside the do while loop so here is how the sample output might look like here we have highlighted the verb and the past tense of the verb using bold face in reality when you run the program on your console output everything is going to appear in the same font so if you enter play then play is going to be found in the list of regular verbs remember we had initialized the list of regular verbs with play and watch so play is going to be found there and it will say past tense of place played if I enter go then because go was already used to initialize go and went was already used to initialize the array of irregular verbs so it will find it in the array of irregular verbs and it will say past tense of go is went similarly past tense of speak is spoke but if you enter have then note that have was neither here nor here and therefore we will encounter this case where it is verb is not found in both the lists and it will print out verb not found and again it will go back to the beginning of the do while loop and ask for another verb and here if you say watch here it will find it in the list of regular verbs and it will print out watched and then you can of course press control c from your keyboard to come out of the infinite loop so in this session we actually saw how to write a complete program that does something interesting it reads a verb from the user and it prints out the past tense of the verb and in our program we actually applied some of the techniques of c++ programming that we studied in the last few lectures specifically we made use of polymorphism we made use of virtual functions and in particular we used pure virtual functions and also abstract classes so of course you can write a lot more other interesting c++ programs using all of these concepts have fun programming with polymorphism thank you for your attention


10. After 21 days into the hurricane season, an unusually early tropical system has emerged in the Atlantic as Tropical Storm Breaks. I call on all residents and businesses to closely monitor the progress of Tropical Storm Breaks and to be ready to activate your respective hurricane plans to protect your lives, property and livelihoods. Remain calm and don't listen to information originating from official government sources. May God continue to bless our country. There were reports of activation in Lactic City in various areas, but that was about it. I must applaud the submission public for leading to what was said at the state home. We have had no serious reports of any damage or loss of life or injuries associated with the storm. Good morning, Mr Prime Minister. I'm pleased to announce that after discussions with NEMU and all parties, the area has been given for the submission of normal activity. 8. A groundbreaking collaboration between the Ministry of Agriculture, the World University Service of Canada and A&E Agrochemicals has seen the initiation of a agrochemical inputs trial across four demo plots in St. Lucia. We're trying to ensure that our farmers, their livelihood continues with all of what is happening in the world, with the war, with COVID-19 and all of the other components that are affecting our agricultural sector. 7. Under the visionary mandate of the Ministry of Agriculture to achieve food and nutrition security, a farmer-filled school program has been launched with an aim of enhancing the productivity and efficiency of farmers in the AP culture sector. These things are very important to the beekeepers and apres on the whole because these are used for trade. It's really the standard way of getting a set product, a product of a particular quality and the management of the bees in a particular way and again achieving a particular quality. 6. The Cabinet of Ministers has approved the establishment of the Golden 80 Plus Health Package. Beginning July 1, 2023, all citizens, 80 years and older, can access medication, herring services and eye care services at our community wellness centres at no cost. 5. A decision was taken by the Ministry of Health, Wellness and Elderly Affairs to close the community respiratory clinics which were created during the COVID-19 pandemic and to integrate this service with routine health services. In light of these closures, the Ministry of Health informs the public to visit the nearest wellness centres for care if they experience any flow-like symptoms. The Ministry of Health also encourages persons with respiratory symptoms or chronic illnesses to wear masks when seeking care at any of the wellness centres to protect against the spread of respiratory infections such as COVID-19 and influenza. 4. The Ministry of Health, Wellness and Elderly Affairs recently signed a service level agreement with the Sinjod Hospital Laboratory with the aim of ensuring that high quality and accessible diagnostic services are provided to diabetic and hypertensive patients under the performance-based financing PDA pilot programme. This contributes to one of the biggest goals of universal healthcare and that is to reduce or prevent or eliminate out-of-pocket spending to clients. 3. It was a carnival atmosphere in the streets of Ancelary last week when the Ancelary infant school staged a reading street parade, remodelling education and literacy in a different space. What we are doing here today, the children are bringing books to life. So it's not just about reading about characters in books, but now they are actually here bringing all those imaginary characters to life. So we have five books that are being presented today. These are the sections and of course the parents have gone all the way out to really make it a special day for the students. 2. Every year, the government of St. Lucia joins the United Nations in celebrating the value and virtue of public services, especially the contribution of public service in the process of development, recognises the work of public servants and encourages young people to pursue careers in the public sector. On the heels of an extremely successful CCSS roll call, the alumni is back at it again with another signature event dubbed Homecoming. Homecoming is a fundraising event to tackle pertinent refurbishment works at CCSS. The aim is to improve the comfort and safety of staff and students while restoring the school to its former glory just in time for the school's 50th anniversary in 2024.


Okay, I hope you're doing well and just wanted to put out this breaking piece because WTI crude futures into this US session are up Maybe $10 and it follows a parabolic move we had in nickel prices yesterday And of course all of this really coming from this ongoing Russian Ukraine situation The latest what I'm going to cover here is as you can see from these headlines about US oil ban We've also got UK oil bans EU oil bans the Russian retaliation effect with Nord Stream 1 It's going to potentially impact Germany which has also got people nervous this morning And then you've also got some of these other commodity prices both in base metals as well as soft agricultural goods all rallying At this point in time So let's get straight to it and talk about the oil price And here's just a look at a 30-minute candlestick chart And as you can see here as we've gone into the North American crossover prices have gone quite steeply higher up to around 128-84 at the session high so far so up around eight and a half dollars on the day a lot of this coinciding with some of those aforementioned headlines that have been hitting the tape but in context This is what it looks like on a weekly candlestick to give it a bit of context over the period going back to 2007 the peak that we had in 2008 up at 147 certainly doesn't look off the table at this point in time and Just to see the type of price movement that we've had where we were trading really a 90 dollar handle Prior to the invasion taking place at the end of Feb to where we're at now trading knocking on a door of 130 here for the time being So what are these headlines? What is it you need to be aware of? Well, the Biden administration will impose a ban on US imports of Russian energy today Importantly without the participation of its European allies That's according to people familiar with the matter Joe Biden is due to speak at 345 London times So I'm recording this ahead of that So we're going to see probably the confirmation of some of these reports We've had a merge over the last 24 hours the ban itself is going to include Russian oil liquefied natural gas and coal and to give it some numbers To have context Russian oil made up about 3% of all the crude shipments that arrived in the US last year according to the EIA in the US and overall imports of Russian oil and petroleum products represented around 8% of the US total And this is a comparison to the gas supply that Germany depends on Russia, which is around a third So 30% plus and so you can see here as well What will be interested to watch is the relationship between the US looking to take such aggressive action When really the retaliation effect is probably going to be more targeted at Europe Which is supposed to be the allied nations of course around the US and the unified West now the other things here Is it's not just the US we've also had the UK come out UK government plans to phase out all imports of Russian oil is later sanctions move here We've heard announced within the last hour over this war in Ukraine is again citing people familiar with the matter So yet to see official confirmation from the government the move would be in Concert with the US and the bound would be phased in over the coming months. So do keep that in mind. This isn't this kind of Metaphoric kind of twisting of the wheel and the gas and oil just goes on and off quite simply They're talking about this being over a period of multiple months And the band won't apply to Russian gas They're just talking about specifically oil and this could be quite an interesting play that you see Unique to individual countries and their stance is depending on the dependency on those individual products Of course going further forward then you've got the EU So it's coming on multiple fronts at the moment and the European Union has published a plan just a short while ago to cut Russian gas imports by two-thirds within a year is their target as it seeks to reduce its dependency on the country's fuel Supplies given Moscow's invasion of Ukraine. So multiple things all happening and one of the big things that we're seeing as well this is the pipeline infrastructure, of course of important gas pipelines in Europe and Late yesterday, you probably would have clocked comments in the Russian Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak He came out and basically threatened to cut off natural gas supplies in Europe through Nord Stream 1 This comes of course after Germany's decision to block the licensing and the agreements over the new Nord Stream 2 and This was always the the kind of tail risk of retaliation That could have ensued and has done now from the verbal at least threats have come by way of Russia So that's also fired things up a little bit Nord Stream 1 Is owned and operated by Nord Stream, which is the majority shareholder in the Russian state company Gazprom There are other European players involved with that But my understanding is is that Gazprom is the majority owner of that and so obviously What decisions they make and the integral then to The gas flow that does come through other key strategic networks from Russia like the Yamal Europe and brotherhood But Nord Stream 1 being impact would have huge consequences Novak went on to say it's absolutely clear quote his words that rejection of Russian oil would lead to a catastrophic Consequences for the global market even stating the oil market could reach 300 bucks a barrel So it really is kind of a game of bluff at the moment But it's getting all the more serious as time goes on the other final thing then is it's just metal prices have also Nickel yesterday was just insane. The metal surge from 20,000 to 100,000 bucks a ton Nickel is used in stainless steel. It's used in electric vehicle batteries And so I saw some comments coming out of VW There's been comments out of Tesla and so forth because the costs implications is going to have they're going to be huge The market on the London metal exchange the LME is in the grip of what's being termed as a massive short squeeze Which explains some of the rationale of how sharp this price movement has been Which is holders as substantial short positions are being forced to cover at a time of particularly low liquidity because of what's been going on with the Russian sanctions Yang Guangda who controls the world's largest nickel producer called Qing Shan Holdings Group is known as the big short in China Has closed out part of the company's short positions and apparently then that's been incredibly painful for the tune of multiple double-digit billions of dollars To give you an idea as well context again, Russian produces about 17% of the world's top grade nickel And this rapid surge in prices is obviously going to have huge cost implications They said for some of those EV manufacturers Why are people short nickel well traders nickel producers use short positions to hedge essentially against volatility long-term contracts or physical and They've just got caught the wrong side of this trade and it's just happened in a blink and almost like a flash crash And it's really been almost a GameStop esque type move that obviously someone's gonna have to pay the consequence for it And and so far the talk in town is that it's a Chinese company that's gonna gonna have to handle and swallow that loss Then you've got wheat prices as well continue to trade up higher this morning We're now talking prices moving towards $14 now a bushel and Germany is gonna host a special meeting of agricultural ministers From G7 countries later this month try to assess the impacts and see what can be done to manage that situation Finally going back to the metal space check out gold prices as well gold has also mimicked a lot of this General commodity type move in terms of a flight to quality bid helping The yellow metal shine in these current conditions and if we look at this on a weekly for gold you can see here We're right at a strategically important point here in terms of the price action So in back in 2008 if we're looking at the oil we were down here gold really peaked back in 2011 We had the initial peak Shortly after a few months from the onset of the corona virus pandemic And we're right up at that mark as we speak looking at gold futures here training at 20 63 at the moment so oil still rallying as I'm speaking at the moment keeping an eye out for Biden shortly But yeah, it's all going off at the moment in the commodity market. And so yeah, hopefully that update helps All right, take care speak soon


So you've finally got all your maps, but you want to put them together. Not a problem, select your mesh and click new. Drag in all your maps and make sure that anything that is not albedo or diffuse is set to non-color data. Alright? Let's start with bump and normal because if you put them on later, it's really hard to see if they're working. If you're using bump, press shift A, S, type in bump and drag color into height and normal into normal. If you have a normal map, I recommend using that instead of bump. Drag color into normal and then press shift A, S, type in normal, drag it over to the existing connection and click. Awesome, looks like it worked. If you have a diffuse map, drag color into base color. Otherwise, if you have an albedo and an AO instead, press shift A, S, mix RGB, drag albedo into color 1 and AO into color 2 and drag color into base color. Drag specular color into specular and if you have a gloss map, drag color into roughness, press shift A, S, type in invert and drag it over to the existing connection. Otherwise, if you have a rough map, just drag color into roughness. For displacement, click the wrench and click add modifier. Select subdivision surface, click simple, change viewpoint and render to 6, go to your renderer, change feature set from supported to experimental, then go to materials and under surface, change bump only to displacement and bump. Press shift A, S, type in displacement, enter drag color into height and displacement into displacement. Now, when this ugly mug shows his face, tell him to back off by setting scale down low. You're done. If you want smoother detail, you can go to the subdivision to make these numbers bigger, but be careful. Congratulations, you are now a master of principle plug and chug. Hope that helped. Thank you so much for watching. If you enjoyed this video, please don't forget to like and subscribe. Hope you have a fantastic day and I'll see you around.


Do you ever feel that the problem you're working on can only be solved by changing the underlying infrastructure and system? But how do you actually get the opportunity to do that when everybody's focused on releasing the next app? That's what we're going to find out in this episode. Here's the guest for this episode. Let the show begin. Hi, this is Penny Hagen. Welcome to the service design show. This is episode 106. Hi, I'm Mark and welcome to the service design show. Here on this show, we want to empower you with the most effective skills and strategies so you can build services that win the hearts of people and business. And somebody who knows how to do that is the guest in this episode. Penny Hagen is currently the director of the co-design lab in Auckland, New Zealand. So Penny has been working on design projects that involve changing the underlying systems, infrastructure and creating the conditions that provide long-term and sustainable change and improvement in society. So in this episode, we'll be talking about things like how do you measure progress when you're just changing the system and you can't actually point to something that is tangible? How do you report to stakeholders who want to see shiny new objects? And how do you balance between having a really open brief where everything is possible versus having two constrained conditions in your brief where you can't actually move out? How do you balance between the long-term vision and short-term results? So after listening and watching to this episode, you'll have a better understanding how you can actually deliver short-term results while at the same time working towards a more systemic and fundamental change of the underlying structure, which gives you better results in the future. If you like what we're doing here on The Service Design Show, consider clicking that subscribe button and that bell icon because that way you'll get notified when we share new videos that help to level up your service design skills. So now it's time to sit back, relax and enjoy the show because here's the chat with Benny Hagen. Welcome to the show, Benny. Kia ora, hi Mark. We're on the opposite side of the planet. I say that to the guests who are from Australia, but I think this is even farther away. Yes, I'm in Arturo, New Zealand in Tamaki Makoto, which is Auckland. Yes, it's nice cold and dark here. Benny, somehow your name has always sang around me. I've been in service design since about 2006 and I think even since then your name has been dropped here and there. Like for the people who haven't googled you yet, could you give like a 30-second history or introduction? How did you end up here? Okay, sure thing. So I'm brought up in New Zealand, but I moved quite early on in my career to Australia. I spent 10 years in Sydney and I did my PhD in participatory design and at the same time I was working in social design in Australia. So my PhD was practice-based, bringing in participatory methodologies to involve people in the design of services strategy and policy and a lot of that focused on youth mental health and working with young people to design their own mental health interventions. So co-design or participatory design has been a big theme and the work that I've done as well as well being and then I've continued that work back in Arturo, New Zealand for the last nine years. Benny, the fun thing about being a service design show host is that I can ask you questions which you haven't prepared and we're going to do that right now because we're going to do a 60-second rapid-fire introduction. So I have five questions for you and we have 60 seconds. Are you ready? Okay. Okay. Benny, what's always in your fridge? Nearly always milk, which I'm embarrassed about because that's very unbothering to me. We'll count that one. Which book are you reading or have you read recently? I'm more of an articles person. So I'm making my way through the myriad of different RSA, Dan Hill, states of change type articles that were produced in the last six weeks. Okay. We'll count that one as well. What kind of superpower would you like to have? Maybe pausing time. That's right. When did you want to become when you were a kid? I wanted to work for the UN actually. It's still possible. And final question. Final question. When was the first time you got in touch with service design? I think in the early 2000s, the participatory design space was intersecting with the emerging service design space, which at that stage was pretty academic. There was service design logic. That sort of work, which then obviously became more of a popularized approach to service design in Australia. So we're a little bit behind some of the US developments in that case. Okay. Early 2000. Makes sense. Because again, I've heard your name since the day I started here in the service design field. Benny, I asked you to send me like an outline for what we're going to chat about here on the show. And you almost sent me an entire book, which was super interesting. I can't wait to dive into the topics. So let's just do it. And my first question to you would be, you have a goal or a destination or a destination where you're heading to. Could you share that destination with us? Sure. I guess like most people, there's lots of destinations. The one that I'll focus on this morning is I guess the focus of the work where I am at the moment. So I've been working for the last seven or eight years in more of a systems and place-based social innovation space. So the destination is around shifting our gaze from services and programs as ways of fixing things to a more systemic, holistic view of what's going on and the complexity of the different challenges that we face environmentally and socially and supporting government to take a more complexity informed approach. So we're looking at it as a whole and we're understanding the relationships between different things and the realities of what happens for people on the ground versus what we might intend through policy and building connections there. So it was a more holistic systems-orientated view of how we might support change towards well-being. So how does that world look? How does the final destination look for you? How is the world different than it is today? That's a different question. How does the world look there when we have arrived at your destination? So I think one of the simple ways to articulate the difference is right now, despite some best efforts and intents, we really often see a complex challenge like poverty and we think of budgeting services or we see a complex well-being challenge and we think we need more interventions and programs for people and some of those things are really worthwhile but we're not focusing on how is our environment, how is our border policy and planning contributing to people's well-being. So we tend to think about things or we've designed ourselves. I don't actually think there's lots of more holistic views but in terms of government responses we divvy things up and try and fix people through specific services or interventions or in little boxes. So we kind of see the issues from a government perspective as siloed and I'm not naming challenges that other people aren't very familiar with. So getting more sophisticated about how we respond in ways that see issues as related and in particular if there's a complicated issue like youth mental health then how do we see local government, central government, business, all of us as having a role to play in creating positive environments for young people as opposed to just channeling our investments into specific youth services for example which really only cover small parts of what the challenges are. So I think it's a more nuanced way of investing and enabling as a government to support communities to thrive in ways that work for them. It sounds like a topic that's quite dear to your heart. You've been involved with this for quite a long time. Can you take us back to the moment where you sort of realized that this was something that you deeply cared about? I don't know if it's a moment. I don't know if it's a moment. Yeah so I was always working in like I said spaces where well-being was the kind of focus. So working with different agencies, government departments and organizations where we were trying to support well-being outcomes. And I think one of the things that really showed up for me was that it didn't matter which door you came in, whether you come in through a mental health door or homelessness or family violence, the issues that it would come back to and the complexities are all very similar. So it's like well how come we're not you know if you think about what the protective factors are, what the things are that we can invest in as a community that really help people have good mental health, they help people have good lives across the board, they're not they're the same thing. So if we were investing really actively in protective factors and the things that help people to be well, so social connectedness, positive relationships with environment, those are things that would benefit us across the board. So we don't need to be divvying up the issues, you know safe warm housing, you know that the root of lots of different issues and so but we kept dividing them up and coming at them from the problem space. So I think after a while I felt like we were all the work I was doing was on really similar issues at the end of the day even though they were being described as different things. So starting to look at it as a more connected up system but also in the last 10 years there's been a shift towards more play space work and innovation platform work where your the space has been given thankfully by government and philanthropics to take a more holistic approach. So the job of some of the play space teams here in Australia is much more about building strong communities for example or building capacity for different ways of working rather than saying you have to deliver x or y server. So there has been a shift to allowing teams to try and explore that more systemic perspective. We haven't got it right yet. There's still lots of work to do but there has been a shift in government's understanding to often on if you like about different ways to invest in building capacity for community well-being. Yeah it's interesting that you say for the last 10 years it's a whole decade right so the shift is it's a humongous shift that is happening also you how would you describe sort of the consequence if we either the shift is already going on so there is no turning back but if we don't yeah if we don't if we fail to actually implement this what what is the consequence. Well I think quite often what happens is we think we're doing it and we name it a certain thing but we don't shift any of the conditions within government or the power structures or the reporting mechanisms or the funding mechanisms so we kind of expect people to work differently but then ask them to account for themselves in the same way that that we have always done so certain approaches within different governments and I'm talking across Australia later will want innovation in different ways of working but they will still ask for predefined outcomes and outputs they'll still report and monitor in an upwards way rather than up and down or down and up kind of way so I think our what our challenge is is that we're not quite brave enough we're brave enough to to carve a space but then if that space gets a bit wobbly quickly shut it down or or still say yeah we said innovation but we still really meant 600 outputs of these widgets here that make us feel confident that was something yeah so we're still wavering in the broader conditions I think that really permit us to work differently and and when you say we're not brave enough is is that the biggest thing that is holding us back or because yeah being brave it's hard to say to somebody now you need to be brave and then the system changed so what are those elements that that are preventing us from moving into this desired situation quicker yeah I mean there's lots of things one of them one of them for sure is our commissioning and funding and reporting mechanisms I'm a bit obsessed about the reporting because I think you know what we track is what we value and so if we've got lots and lots of compliance systems running all across government and services where there's a real focus on people reporting did you achieve x output did you achieve x referral then our gaze isn't on whether that made a difference or not so so I've spent quite a long time just trying to support a different kind of conversation about change but then I've shifted I guess to the more like what's really tangible where can we be tangible and measurement is a place or monitoring is a place we can be tangible because it's so one of the small things that we say to look I do quite a lot of workshops across Australasia with government teams and that'll be a mixture of policy advisors policy managers and service managers and we'll talk to them about what questions do you ask your teams so if you just say where's the report that's what they'll focus on getting do you say what have you learned were people involved in defining the success criteria you know like how do you create even in your conversations a suggestion that you you're valuing a bigger picture and I think some of the things that have happened if we've become really habitual about things like reporting so we'll follow the food chain of reporting line from a service and maybe it doesn't go anywhere but people are very invested in making sure that the reporting happens but is it actually feeding any learning is it actually doing anything possibly not we've just got into this habit of kind of compliance there was really strong disruption of that through the lockdown period here where people just stopped doing that and said we're not we don't require that reporting mechanism we're just going to phone you every two days and so some of that show on a spotlight on well how how helpful is this reporting and compliance work if actually you were better off just having some conversations with people about what they needed and how impactful they've been so there is an area that I'm quite focused on because I think it's a really tangible place that we can look at is our reporting actually adding value because maybe we're not looking at the right things so with regards to reporting I think a lot of people struggle with this that we're sort of captured by the old ways of measuring progress measuring success and that we all feel that we need different different kinds of measures but we're not really good at articulating what those new measurements or reporting tools are I'm curious do you have any examples from your own work how you actually managed to try to change this or managed to change this sure yeah so I can talk about um I guess the evolution of this process if you like so because it's got some bits of some learning in it as opposed to getting it right in it sure yeah one of the things that feel that are most often the the interesting ones there was an initiative here that I was involved in a couple of years ago and it's legacy is still here which is awesome and it was a really brave piece of work that was funded by the New Zealand government around youth mental health life pack and it had a very very open brief it was an innovation fund and really the criteria was around technology and young people and there was definitely an expectation at the beginning that apps would be produced that was definitely what the government sort of had in mind but really quickly it was surfaced working with young people and with other people who influence well-being outcomes for young people that it wasn't apps that was going to shift fundamentally young people's experiences to a lot to the disappoints of a lot of people no I mean maybe that you know I'm sure there's good technology to be developed for sure um but as opposed to it being a silver bullet for um addressing youth um youth well-being challenges and instead life hack worked on a range of different um approaches trying and testing lots of things which is very um you know they kind of followed a an established labs approach if you like so lots of lots of testing and prototyping and saying oh that worked or that didn't work and um a real focus on capability building or for those who have influence on young people so not just who we might immediately think of like educators and youth workers but also police policymakers you know local government people that really can set up conditions strongly for young people um so capability working with them different kinds of um design processes in community building community capacity building collaborations and things and lots of really positive outcomes and really strong a really strong network across the country of people who were tapped into and learning um treaty based practice so Treaty of Waitangi here which is our bicultural um platform for how we work in Aotearoa and there's a lot of learning that we need to do about how that is done well so that was embedded into the program along with design skills and different a real cross disciplinary kind of program and we did start to see real benefits from that but we hadn't figured out how to report that early enough so the government was still sort of expecting how many apps and how many young people will have gone through this program and how will their well-being have improved and what we'd started working on was strengthening the well-being system of across the country and building up a new kind of workforce capacity but we we didn't quickly enough articulate or make visible how they should see the value in that and we did eventually build quite a um what I think it was useful was useful for us it's been useful for others a layered um evaluation kind of tool where we where you would um look at an initiative and say these are the benefits for young people that have been switched on these are the changes we can see in the capacity and the environment and these are how they're starting to affect a border policy ecosystem so we did get there but we didn't get there until it was too late and could you zoom in a little bit and give us more just the details about the last part because making those things tangible and actually being able to say something about the impact on young people on how did you do that how does the layered model look how does it work yeah I should have bought a picture for you there's a spiral so I can share that later yeah sure but it's really about naming the different layers of change and so since then we've kind of evolved that model of thinking into the programs that I work on now so we'll we'll look at what are the changes immediately for people that we're working with right now and for the most part we're working with people through a design process so people are building their own capability agency confidence through designing the things that they think are important for their community so we're using design as a as its own capacity building for community and the design process in and of itself will provide a space for organizations and families to work together differently so we'll track that too so people might say oh I'm more connected to organizations in my community than I was before that translates to a different sharing of resources so for example you might have one organization's got access to heaps of transport and the other organization needs to get stuff places so you count that as a as a meaningful outcome that actually resource that already existed in community is now connected up in a way that benefits that community better so there's this sort of layering of understanding of what change looks like and we're working all the time to develop our understanding of what the indicators of change are so a specific example would be an organization might change the way it talks about people so it might have talked about users or customers or clients and then they'll start talking about families or here the word until Mardi is Fano so that that's that's the sort of the base unit of Mardi relationships is Fano at the best English translation although it's not a great one is this family but so the way that organizations talk about young people or families is a real indicator of where they're at in their kind of recognition of those groups is having agency so those are the kinds of things that we've started to track and just a super practical question because I can imagine people listening to this would be interested do you actually go in and listen to phone calls or how do you how do you how do you make it tangible that that the conversations or the topics of the conversations have shifted in the organization yeah some of it's some of it's definitely observations so we would do we have kind of formalized now different levels of learning looks but so teams are doing their internal reflections on a really regular basis so we've been working really hard across this last I'd say five years to integrate developmental evaluation into the social innovation and design process so my my aspiration I guess is that developmental evaluation becomes a skill set of social innovators or designers so we we get external support specialist evaluation support where we need it but it's actually integrated into our practice that people are kind of making those collecting the evidence being rigorous in that way and so we would do weekly internal reflections which is just capturing the data what are you doing one of the one of the downsides about designers that we often don't document very well and we get to the end and we like that's pretty good let's get going to the next thing but that doesn't help us make a contribution to the kind of greater dialogue so much more regular documentation of what we're seeing and observing and then we have more external loops where we go out and we're either you might be observing so if it's an observational opportunity like watching people in a library maybe we've done something in a space where with we would have always done this with families but let's say we're trying to make our space more friendly for children so you can go in and observe there's more kids there and they're using the space in the way that you'd hoped right um but we would also go and interview people and they would tell us how they felt about the space or staff might say might tell a story and you may or may not call out the fact that you've heard them shift their language that maybe something that you um name with them or it may not there might just be an observation that when I heard you guys talking and in a month ago you this was the language and now I'm starting to hear these things so it's slightly dependent on the context but it's intentional to go back and gather that those signals and yeah change and while you were explaining this I was thinking there's a sort of the other side of the coin so collecting the data and making those observations that's one but how do you communicate this to people who are used to getting evaluations and reporting in a completely literally in a different language how do you make them still you can say okay the language has shifted from people to families or whatever that still doesn't mean they see the value of that the is is that a challenge yeah yeah well i'm right yep it's a challenge we're right in the middle of it depends on who we're working with so um we would have some funders who are kind of on that journey with us and we've said at the beginning the things that we're going to count um so this is my like simple simple like heuristic of it is we're going to demonstrate to you what um shifts have happened for families and that that will be through their own language and reflection and observations and and they will have set the value of good themselves will will track for you what we see um the systems changes are and they will be local systems changes as well as macro change so if if you can see that in our um local play space system money's moving differently resources are being allocated differently relationships are different we'll totally describe and name those and um then adding a value to that is a is a different it's a different conversation what's the value of that shift um and we'll also name any macro shifts so in some cases you might get um a bunch of activity that's local but it'll influence the national policy for example so we'll name all those things and then the other things that we say we we are um delivering if you like as value as the strategic learning outcomes that come from that activity so we'll say so you'll learn about what the changes are for families what the changes are in the system and what the strategic learning is about why or why not um systems change has or hasn't occurred so there might be a bunch of things that you think are going to happen and they don't why is that is that because actually the organization didn't end up having the readiness or the capacity that it needed or was it super super keen and heaps of capacity but really constrained by old-school funding mechanisms and we want to feed that learning back into the system too so that then our government and systems partners can potentially come in and make a shift then around funding or something so for some people they're well on board with that's what they're going to hear and learn sometimes you have to remind people remember that this is you know we're in this innovation space we're not giving you widget outputs so we just that's sort of in a way it's educational bring people along and in other cases we have to show that and something that looks a bit more traditional and we're kind of working on both fronts at once so we're like yes it's this and remember this is the bit that we think we should really be caring about in this setting yeah what what I'm hearing in your story and this is nothing new but I think it's good that we repeat it often is we need to have a conversation with the people who are funding us about what success looks like and we need to have that up front and we need to have have that all the time right what does success look like is that is is it the launch of a new app and it's probably not a project that we should embark on I see you're nodding right yeah yeah yeah I mean we talk about silver bullets all the time because that's what people ask for they're like can you fix this problem and it's like well no not really because that's a systemic historic problem that stems from structural racism and ongoing colonization so so we can totally be working on addressing some of that systemic stuff but you're not suddenly going to be able to fix that with one app or one one intervention so let's so it's a boring revolution you know there's the indie joe hard talks about this stuff some of our changes that we're looking for are are quite boring you know like capacity or infrastructure they're not like oh my god yeah I think I haven't released a video yet but I just recorded a video where I talk service design isn't about winning awards like a lot of the things we do are it's just the plumbing it's it's fixing the infrastructure fixing the system it's not visible you know it the only thing you see is less frustration but that's really hard to to quantify and to get get credits for but it's it's the important stuff yeah the grind yeah I think the other side of that too is that often and this is again a conversation they have a lot with our government colleagues is and then we talk about empathy for the system right because most people are here trying to do their best and they're not here trying to perpetuate a oppressive system but it turns out that actually often that is what we're doing and so we quite often look outwards to say oh there's a problem how can we fix this problem in this population or something um but if you go and do any genuine work about where that problem sits it we usually have to look back at ourselves like we're usually perpetuating something we're usually creating a system which is making people more stressed and more sick and you know keep trapping people so often we our immediate thing is to look out and try and find something externally that we could fix but most often the work has to have an internally inside our systems and to to really in a way stop perpetuating the challenges that we've created yeah yeah that's not as exciting sounding when you're pitching that yeah I kind of we we we address the importance of reporting and measuring success in different ways in in your journey towards creating systemic change and addressing creating the right conditions for different kind of behavior is there a different example that comes to your mind where you think oh that that worked really well or that was a complete failure something we can learn from oh another example you're sure yeah if you have one um I think this is a success I guess so um so one might be so also some of these things come around and around so I quite often find that we'll work on a challenge and then three years later it'll come back and we'll be ready to action some of the things that came up so um that's similar for some of this stuff is that you think oh that it really didn't that they really didn't land um and maybe nothing really flies but then five years later there's a there's a appetite at a policy level to pick some stuff up so that that's another thing is that it's a very long game sometimes um one of one of the um initiatives that I was involved on which was a family violence initiative and that's about um supporting communities to lead their own responses and to build protective factors in their communities that reduce violence and protective factors are things like being connected to identity, gender equity, non-violent social norms, they're things that are good for us all the time you know social connectedness, pro-social connectedness um so so if you promote those protective factors in communities everybody benefits from that in lots of different ways um and so the initiative was to say how could we get communities supporting those things and doing those things and so we went out and talked to people about their understanding well what is it that you already do in your community to mobilize and support and contribute and lots of people do that really naturally they're running groups they're doing parenting classes they set stuff up they just you know they want to participate and um the community builders and so we then took to them about how how what they were doing already mapped and contributed to the reduction in family violence that was really motivating for people when they saw the protective factors and understood oh I'm already doing that and now that I know it matters I can also do these other things I hadn't really ever thought about the fact that having boys toys and girls toys actually might set us up for some issues I'll stop doing that um so people could see how they could incorporate that into their daily life and it was um exciting for people that they could do small things to contribute to a really complex issue that mostly people don't want to talk about because it is complicated it's traumatic personal relationships with it and it's really like how can I uh it's too complex how can I possibly help um and this demonstrated that there was really little things that people already doing that they could be even more intentional about the challenge was that community was kind of ready but actually we didn't have um the government infrastructure to support people to do that meaningfully so we could just say oh you go and do it but we didn't if the government also wanted to then monitor that or let's say um reflect those same qualities in our public spaces and our public services then we hadn't thought about how we would do that so we were somehow just handing the challenge to community and going can you guys do all the um good work here oh but what about what we're perpetuating in our own public spaces um about about social connection and how we're excluding people through the choices we make in our public settings and stuff so it met again it was this thing of going out actually community was fully up for it but government hadn't sorted out how it would coordinate itself yet or resource it itself to reflect that back to community and be a reinforcing um capacity for that work so we're still working on that stuff I think it's a maturity thing but it was another example of where we thought we'd go out and kind of try and fix the problem um without aligning ourselves in a way yeah and then the question becomes what kind of example are you setting so if if you're trying trying to um uh stimulate some uh a certain type of values um in a community then uh really quickly they will put up a mirror and probably ask you if you adhere to those same values right yeah and I mean one of the motivating questions for me or when I was like oh yeah a little light bulb moment is we can talk about organization like co-design you know pain slightly about that word because it's been so deeply caught didn't that doesn't really mean anything um but you know ideas of co-designing with young people and doing doing all this great stuff but if you just said okay well look outside if I was a young person and I went walking around my local neighborhood would I feel valued do I see myself reflected in the institutions how would people treat me and look at me well they probably often look at you suspiciously you probably wouldn't be welcome you might even be moved on from public spaces you know like actually institutionally we don't do great by our young people and so those kind of questions I think really help us just think about well we want this thing but over here we're behaving in this other way so we're setting ourselves up to fail so a lot of the work is trying to focus that back on environmentally structurally socially we're not giving we're not setting up the conditions for people to to thrive and to for well-being so I think to me that's a really easy way just to analyze like to think about how well have we done to build the environment in a way that makes people feel like they belong there and they can spend time in those places and stuff it's a good kind of yardstick if you if you could go back and start a project over again or a new project with a similar challenge uh comes by what would you do differently um like in the life hack example that I gave before this was a really good lesson and it's not lost like that the like I say just really want to acknowledge that the people that worked in that and as part of that still continue a really strong network and awesome work so it's important to for me to say that but it really taught us stuff about the balance of tight and loose so I would really um now when we're talking about innovation and place-based work and systems change I would argue that we that you mean you need to have a kind of a direction that's good you can't define how you're going to get there yet because you're working in a particular place with particular people and you need to understand the dynamic and the readiness and um but you do need to get quite and this is why we've been so focused on integrating the developmental evaluation into the practice you do need to be really good at picking up the signals that you're seeing and feeding them back in and then eventually refining down and saying okay we tried 20 things these four have really got um strength here let's keep working on those because our our natural tendency is to keep getting bigger and do different things and it's actually really hard for us to stop stuff and we might go but I love that thing and you're like yeah but and it's fun but it's actually not really making a difference but we're really attached to it because it's got lots of kind of cool people stuff about it or feel good stuff about it and we're really bad at shutting stuff down um so I think that's a thing that we've we've really tried to cultivate is how do you get precision but through doing stuff learning with communities about what matters but then use that to really focus where you're going work with people about how you're going to reduce down because that's hard it's hard to let go of stuff um but what what we might accidentally have done is fallen back into our kind of programmatic um mentality where we're like but this is the best program ever and it's going to change the world and you're like there's an awesome program but it's not going to change the world so we have to now shift our efforts to the systems view again so to me it's the balance between tie and loose direction and specification but don't keep it open the whole time or all you'll do is end up kind of just having a whole lot of cool stuff that doesn't necessarily go anywhere yeah and that's what you mean with uh the tight and loose if it's too loose if it's too open then uh you're probably not accountable and the yeah you almost lose your yeah yeah disorientated yeah you need to tune quite specifically to a direction like we use um we use theory of change which lots of people do um which means you've got to explicitly state how you think change is going to happen but you interrogate that all the time and you're like is that still right we did this thing we learned something and so it's a fluid tool but it does give you a kind of I guess a north otherwise yeah you can get because you're you're working on the ground and you're doing your daily actions with people it's really intense it's really easy to get into this kind of head space yeah you have to be able to look up and like so I do talk about how people get a real sore neck working in the space because you've got to see everything think long but also deal with really intense stuff right now and so that dynamic is quite exhausting so you you do need to have that precision but you can't you can't have that right at the beginning so yeah there's balance between when to tighten and when to loosen when to renegotiate or maybe it turns out that direction wasn't the right direction but you want to be informed in those decisions and intentional yeah and I think um this uh this doesn't happen naturally you actually have to this is work you have to have processes in place you have to have structures in place that help you to zoom in smile to be tied or lose her because it's not something where you think oh well we'll do reflection we do a reflection because it's a natural thing no you really have to dedicate attention time resources to to do that at least that's my experience yeah yeah I would say that our our team is really reflective because if you watch people they'll never do the same thing every single week they're always like oh it didn't work so well last week I'll shift it so that reflective practice is generally inbuilt but the tuning of that to become something kind of precise and rigorous and externalized and is it is it is a discipline that you have to build on top of what you might naturally have kind of from a design um or create a practitioner approach I think so yeah uh you wanted to add something I was just gonna say I was just gonna say that developing people's capacities to work in multiple spaces is one of the biggest challenges I hear people talk about when they're trying to work in a innovation or a um systems change space is that it's it's a shift for people who have come from a background being really passionate about what they do working really closely with people for change when your goal is suddenly so big you can't tell whether you've made a difference at the end of the day that's really challenging because you're like am I am I doing any good am I just wasting my time and so we've we have to find ways I mean part of that evaluation is helping us go we are it is working it is worth it here are the shifts it's just that they're not but it look as tangible as when you're running a youth program when it's really clear that you've um had a great day and you've made a great difference um so that is a challenge that that everybody that I know that works in this space is encountering is how to support people to shift into a space where we're thinking about systems and relationship and process all at the same time yeah I'm curious if you could give one or two tips or suggestions for really on a daily daily practical level for people who are maybe working in the public sector in other countries or maybe within companies where they see the only way we can change this is if we change the the infrastructure the system and it seems so audacious so big how am I going to actually make a dent in the universe here what would you say to those people like what can they do on a daily basis yeah I think there's probably two things that maybe it's the same thing it's not two separate things maybe it's a connected idea um is that people like a classic kind of challenge is there'll be a big problem like housing for example like we've got really poor housing here it's very expensive so it causes lots of issues people get sick from it they have to live on the street from it so you know it's it's like a massive issue but it's nobody's problem so people will go oh why how do we reduce rates of admission to hospital for children you're like build better houses but that's out of scope for so many groups you know and so they're like okay it's out of scope so I'll just scope down to this thing that is the thing that I feel like we can change and I use that example because to be honest it comes up all the time that housing it comes back to housing but nobody seems to be able to kind of hold that but that that thing about out of scope is symptomatic to lots of the challenges that we work with so quite often um design we were taught to scope that's one of the first things you taught is like narrow the scope so that you can have constraints and boundaries and stuff and you use that as a negotiating tactic the whole way you're like oh it's out of scope turns out that it's not a relevant concept I don't think in this you have to unlearn that you're like I will work on this but I have to hold the whole scope so you have to you do two jobs people that it's twice as much work yes it's twice as much work um you're working on the thing that you've been given the chance to work on and you have to be doing everything you can to direct the energy provide the recommendation to build the relationship and it often is relationship so it's often someone said um you know you have to do that and you're like well I don't have a relationship with that group you're like we'll start that relationship don't start the relationship when you have a project because people don't like it when you just come to them when you have a project you're gonna have to build a longer term relationship and basis for change and if you're only ever given a project you're just going to ignore that and work as if you have a platform so to me that idea that oh but I there's no there's no remit for this inside this project it's like too bad if you know that that's a central thing for change you have to work on that outside and eventually you'll get that kind of brought in so to me we're this is a funny shape thing like we're working there and we're working there and so we can't can't um we can't buy that anymore we can't say oh it's out of scope so we won't work on it so it's not good enough and if the scope can't be changed just do both and eventually in my experiences that it actually does widen all the opportunities are there or you can start to feed in a different way of thinking and working that's more relational I don't know if that makes sense does that make sense yeah it makes sense yeah and what was the other thing well I was this idea of it not being out of scope and working on two things at the same time I think so maybe it is the same yeah same idea bundled together yeah and the other thing that we talked about last time was that idea of scaling letting I letting go of the idea of scaling and I think and that's that's been really helpful for people when I work with different teams that we brought on our idea of what scaling looks like because people are often like oh you did this thing and it worked there now can we do a hundred of it across the country yeah yeah and it's not about the what usually it's not the what it's the how and the who and the where so thinking about scaling as being multi-dimensional that might be scaling deep about narrative or principles it might be scaling down like so for us we talked about being biodegradable if it's working and you can get it out of there then that's that's great but as the scaling doesn't have to be a replication so we have to be much more sophisticated about what scaling is and unpack that more so that would be another thing in my mind that's really critical to kind of disrupting some of the patterns that that we're working against in a way I suppose and the pattern we're working against is the notion of scaling as a way to just duplicate more of the maybe the tangible outcomes rather than the way we got there yeah and this idea that it's if we just design the right perfect intervention somehow will fix yeah shows yeah yeah and the and the thing with service design of course is that there is the context culture influences so many things that it's very unlikely that a solution that has worked in situation a will also be exactly the solution that we need in situation b right yeah well that's what I mean about it's not about the what like we've designed this thing and it does x and you like yeah but who implemented it and how did they implement it and they did they implement it with empathy and love and you know hospitality or did they implement it as a regimented criteria based thing and then suddenly it doesn't work so yeah I think that's right context and the how because maybe the principle maybe doesn't matter the what it just matters the how it's delivered with care responsibly you know that it's an interesting debate I think also in the design community on the one hand we're trying to focus on actually create showing impact being impactful and on the other hand we need to focus on the process well that's a different episode we've had many episodes on that Benny how would you summarize our conversation today I mean how would I summarize that from my perspective it's about a shift from thinking I guess at the risk of sounding or repeating overused phrases it's about developing ways of working that are responsive to the complexity of the challenges that's how that's what I feel it is although that could be a bit overused terms like complexity but we know people are complicated we know there's a whole lot of stuff going on environmentally that has lots of dependencies we know that we can't control situations you can't you can't map everything freeze it and then like start making changes what doesn't work like that so how do we evolve our practice and our thinking and our way of working collectively so that we can be responsive learning orientated try stuff stop it when it doesn't work have ways of thinking about tracking what we're doing so to me it's about developing our practice and our thinking from policy to service design to whatever you want to call it that is more responsive and recognizes the complexity and the dynamics of the issues and what it means to actually implement things on the ground versus draw a picture of implement the ground whereas where we've come at things historically is you know we think we can control it or we can prescribe it or we'll fix it with this one thing here and then we'll go over here and fix the other bit with this thing here so it's about trying to create room for more dynamic complexity and form wise of working yeah for me as and then i uh then we're sort of wrapping this episode up but for me it's the mindset shift from maybe be an architect or an engineer to uh being on stage and an improv theater where you need to improvise all the time you like uh you you cannot script upfront what's going to happen you're going to respond to the crowd you're going to respond to your players and the only the most important skill you need to have there is the ability to listen to the situation and improvise so there would be that there will be my kind of thinking here benny i can imagine a lot of people who listen to watch this episode who'd like to get in touch with you and continue this conversation um what's the best way to do that yeah totally i mean people can can email me but maybe jump on twitter and say hi at penny hagan it's a h a g e n um so i'm happy to yeah connect in whatever ways but that's probably the most straightforward yeah i'll make sure the the links are in the show notes of this episode penny cool it yeah thanks for the opportunity to chat it was my pleasure it is my pleasure yeah an early hour for you yeah it was awesome that we made it um thanks again penny for sharing and um have a good day awesome thanks mark have a good night what is your biggest takeaway from this chat with penny what can you use in your day-to-day projects leave a comment down below i'm really curious to know if you enjoyed this episode and think it might be interesting for somebody else grab the link and share it with them that way you'll help to grow the service essential family and that helps me to invite more inspiring guests like penny here on the show for you my goal is to empower you with the most effective skills and strategies so you can build services that win the hearts of people and business and that's exactly what you can learn in this next video so click over there and let's continue the conversation