Wow, awesome awesome. Thank you so much Patrick Byrne So next we have another incredible entrepreneur to speak with you. She is a fixture at fee seminars I'm really excited to introduce her to you. Magat Wade is our next speaker She is passionate about entrepreneurship and creating high-end retail brands based on diverse African traditions that change the perception of Africa So she's the founder and CEO of ToSwan, Tio-san a high-end skin care products line And she's been named as one of the top 20 youngest power women in Africa Magat Wade good morning guys and Thanks for having me. It's always an honor to come here talk to you See so many of my friends, you know when I come here you should ask my husband Michael He's like why are you so excited? I'm like, oh, you don't understand. I'm gonna be seeing my people So thanks for being those people Right, so When it comes to addressing the global poor I Think we can talk about three categories of people because at the end of the day You have to understand but I think my only reason of being alive on this earth I have decided by now is that I want to contribute everything that I have To making sure that we make poverty truly history I'm not trying to steal the words from bono, but I really mean it when I say poverty needs to be history by now It's 2017 You know really do we still have to talk about this? So but when it comes to dealing with Global poverty, let's talk about three categories of people first are the anti-capitalist two are the technocrats and Three are the people out there who are willing to advocate for capitalism and on there I see a lot. I see mainly the libertarians leading the charge. So thank you for what you do Of those anti-capitalists, you know all those do-gooders They so care about me the poor African person, you know Oh, we care about women's rights and we care about the poor's right and yeah But we only care about them as long as We can be anti-capitalist in the process as long as we get to trash capitalism. Yeah, I care about the global poor so But unfortunately for them. It's been proven that actually one of the best remedies to poverty is You know it capitalism Right since that was made clear. I Would not even sit here and try to tell you how many of them we lost in the process No longer interested. Oh, well poverty. Yeah. Yeah. Well, we have other issues now What type of people will sit here and tell me that they care about the poor? Yeah, only if it means that they get to trash capitalism so I've written them off of The technocrats Technocrats are a little bit better than the anti-capitalist But to my taste they're a little bit too soft and a little bit too ambiguous When they're not just flat-out misguided Why do I say that I? Get called to talk to so many different groups all over the world Some groups are the anti-capitalist and yeah, I go there and I give it to them as well But you know what they never dare ever dare to counter me on what I say to them about capitalism when I'm there Maybe the messenger matters. Who knows I don't know Um But the technocrats so I happen to be giving lectures at Berkeley, you know, UC Berkeley, you know the Mecca So There usually I'm called to go talk to graduate students And these are the people who are designed who are supposed to later go and be the practitioners of For example, the Millennium Development Goals of the UN, you know those 17 goals that they have decided at the UN that you know Oh, if we do this this is an opening thing. All these issues are gonna go away So I have these people, you know graduate students there.  Oh, yeah, we're gonna fix, you know poverty and all the issue all of this stuff And I asked them I said mostly who was there out of I think are close to 1500 people They remembered the people make various ministers government people from various countries They remembered many professors They remembered many people from the NGO community and when I asked did you see anybody from the private sector? They actually had to stop for a moment and try to think and somebody said oh, well, maybe a couple people Mind you This is a group that's meeting to talk about how we're gonna make sure that everybody gets access to clean water How are we gonna make sure that everybody gets access to some type of health care? you know when they need it or reduce the level of maternal and You know babies dying when women are giving birth How are we gonna make sure that everybody gets fed properly? Well, it was very interesting because I took each one of the 17 goals on the screen and I asked them Who do you think doesn't have access to clean water? Someone who is too poor to have access to clean water You know, it is true that in some parts of Africa in some parts of the rest of the developing world Yeah, there is Issues around access to clean water, but let me tell you the people who can afford it always find clean water They actually drink better water than you guys here So it's not a matter. It's a matter of poverty Who does not have access to proper nutrition who is malnourished? Someone who is too poor to buy enough nutritious foods and We walked through each one of the goals and I made the case for them as to each one of those goals was Directly most of the time related to poverty and even when it was not directly related to poverty It was one of the consequences of poverty and they were just like well, I guess that's true So if yes, indeed poverty seems to be at the root of all of these problems And I will yes even dare go to say that poverty is at root of a lot of conflicts in this world Well, what does it mean? People are poor. Why? Why are you poor?  It's that simple you poor when you don't have enough money to give you basic needs Where does money come from for most of us it comes from a source of income, right? Where does the source of income for come for come from for most of us? a job Anyone else job and or Thank you, or you know you're investing but before you invest you gotta have that money from somewhere But even there when I asked that question that my you know Berkeley graduates were like some of them are like yeah, I come from government For those people here who think that jobs come from government. Yes, it is true that the government hires some people But even if you work for the government, I would like to think that you're being paid, right now. Where does that money come from? We go back to exactly comes from taxes that people who work employees people who hire them You know the companies and the employers pay so that we in turn, you know pay these government people So even there we're back to commerce even there. We're back to business and so once we make that clear and My UC Berkeley graduate we all agreed to that Because I always like to take checkpoints Then I say, okay, if indeed Jobs is the solution to this massive massive problem we have out there of poverty Then don't you think that maybe we should try to think about where jobs come from and We said entrepreneurs so if it comes from entrepreneurs and business then don't you think that we should really try and pay attention to what type of Environment those businesses get to operate in don't you think? Right, okay, so then those guys tell me yeah, you're right I'm like but yet you come back from this meeting this big power meeting where you're gonna fix these problems And you're telling me that out of 1500 people you only remember two people from the private sector Do you now see the problem we have? technocrats and they're like whoo now At that point I all have them in the bag You know when I was starting to be like the minds or like I'm seeing some eyes of them Some of them I can almost feel like they feel like they've been light to their entire life, but it's a whole other problem At that point I'm like, okay if entrepreneurs if business is a solution Yes, let's try and make sure we look at the business climate Then that's when comes my best and favorite ranking in the world the doing business index ranking of the World Bank Who has looked at it here? But doing business index ranking of the of the World Bank I don't see a lot of hands up I see a few hands up for the rest of you make sure you pay attention to that because it will be one of your best allies To make your point out there so doing business index it's the index that measures How hard or easy it is to start a business and run a business in any country around the world and guess what? We find that most of the poor people are at the bottom of the list Yes, of course because the harder you make it for entrepreneurs to do their work Of course the less job businesses will be created and the less businesses are created the less jobs you get It's that simple and then you're gonna come and complain that oh, yeah But business is so bad because in those countries we only get the multinationals Yes, you only get the multinationals because you made it so hard for the little people to get in the game The only the big guys are left and then they get to screw everybody else. Yes You see why I don't have a lot of patience for the technocrats And then finally We have those Like you in this room who are absolutely willing to stand up for capitalism and defend it anytime any day and I say Thank you but is but I Need you guys to be more powerful out there Because right now you are being crushed by the side that claims to care about me They right now hold the moral high ground and they use it to crush you down But the more they crush you the more they slow you down the more they slow these ideas down And it means more of my people are condemned to a life of poverty and Indecency in terms of ways of living So yes, this matters to me So it is my goal to try and make you as powerful as you can as you are advocates of these ideas One thing I ask you one thing I ask you if you want to be more powerful at that You need to stop doing it from me from an ideological perspective That doesn't work.  Poverty in my case or poverty of my people means But we have countless countless young people some of my most entrepreneurial People who are right now serving as fish food as a bottom of the ocean Just two weeks ago. We had a boat tip over Somewhere in the Mediterranean and you hear about these stories you see these pictures I grew up with those stories of people dying at sea Why because they had to leave their country? Because there is not enough jobs and why there is not enough jobs because the business climate sucks so much that People like me can't do their work of creating companies and jobs So they pack themselves into little fishermen's boat try to cross to make it to Europe to find a job So they can feed the families back home Most of them don't make it Just two weeks ago and again another boat Babies in it babies and then we hear stories and Where People like me are being sold for five hundred dollars in slavery Because they cross for there to try to make it to Europe and they get stuck over there You want to talk about poverty you don't want to know why it's so visceral to me What type of a human being would have would be to leave knowing this and I'd give a damn so Those are the realities of poverty and a lot of people People from Ecuador people from all over the door could tell you the same stories probably different type of horrors, but feel horrors so What are some of the solutions? some of the solutions are We pay attention to this doing business index and we pay attention to the fact that Reason why these countries are poor it's due to the fact that they are overwhelmingly over Regulated This is something that everyone needs to know Let me give you some examples, you know, I just came back from Senegal three weeks ago I now spend half my time in Senegal half my time here in the United States Because my business we produce our products back home and we retell it that we retell them here in the United States so We just finished setting up the manufacturing facility. We make skincare products Let me give you an example as to The type of idiocy that I'm dealing with on a daily basis there So You know To make these beautiful creams for you these beautiful lip balms for you I need the best ingredients that the world has because I happen to be a very picky person And a very proud person if I want to show you that us Africans are as worthy as anybody else I also need to raise my bar, right? So nothing but the best for you guys and for myself Because of that I Need to source my products from anywhere. I see them in the world where they happen to be the best So it turns out that right now in Senegal out of all the ingredients and packaging that goes into my let's say the Le Bon But we're launching in September Only two ingredients for now I can get from my country because they match the standards that I'm looking for all organic the way it's done I know some of you guys here don't believe in our organic, but we're in a free world I believe in organic leave me alone. Okay, so fine So All the things and I need to know it's traceable Because you know at the end of the day if you guys today tell me oh because of your lip balm I had the big rashes on my lips or they became so big. It's your fault Well, I need to have all my ducks in a row everything, you know We have test controls of everything at our lab at a different lab and everything is you know neat We can trace it back insurance can get on everything we I can make my case It's not because of us, but you got this big thing in any case um So we have to have all of that and you understand that my supply chain has to follow that type of rigor, right? so Only two things in the product that I make can found be found in the country Everything else has to come from somewhere else, and you know how that goes. We're it's a global world You know we we source from wherever we can and where we find what suits us Well, did you know that unless I jump through hoops and hoops and hoops and hoops? anything But I import in my country to make my product Get a tariff off. You know how much? 45% you can be competitive with that So if I can't be competitive with that, do you even think that business is viable? No, it's not So my country's like yeah, okay. Yeah, that's right.   Do you know that? Right now. I'm trying not to hire anybody with a degree You're like why yeah, why? because Depending on the degree that you have the level of a degree that you have the state of Senegal Forces me the state of Senegal has decided what's the minimum wage that I can pay you and it differs based on your degree So if you have a PhD in philosophy and I love philosophy But you have a PhD in philosophy and you get to go find a job nowhere because no one really can use your skills in the business world The way you have it presented You're stuck. You have no job, but my god where it shows up and she's like, you know what? You have skills that I care about that's nothing to do with your degree in philosophy has nothing to do with your PhD in Philosophy, but at least I have a job for you and these are going to be my rates Well, I can't hire that woman with her little PhD in philosophy that has had no job for the past five years since she came out of school Why because a minute I touch her I Have to pay her prices that are not justifiable for my business See on one end they're asking us to go and get all of these degrees because they tell us a degree is gonna be your Your your key to a job But then people like me when you come and you see the reality you can't hire them How stupid is that? So right now I'm trying to hire people with no degree of the lowest degree possible So that's how I manage my flexibility Of course, I will go and treat my employees very best because I also believe in that I believe in them on the stakeholder model rather than just a shareholder model I'm a true pure conscious capitalist at heart and in mind So Imagine that nonsense. Oh and by the way, huh, I am married to my employees if I Decide to hire you give you just like a normal permanent job.  Oh For every year, but I keep you if for whatever reason we need to separate Hey, I need to be able to justify the separation and on top of that for every year But I hired you I owe you one month of severance If you've been working for me for six years everything has been going well and we know business is ups and downs all of a sudden something happens I need a flexibility to let somebody go They're gonna ask me to justify and by the way, they're they're not gonna take into account so much for the economy is going down Or whatever it needs to be something else And even if I do let you go then I got a pivot penalty So let's say you work for me for six years now I need to let you go by the time I need to let you go if it's for economic reasons It means I'm probably struggling money-wise right, but no I have to have six months of severance for you So most of the time companies go down What we do that?    Because someone has to I am not someone who gives up. We have done a lot of work You know I created a mini Diplomatic incident a few years ago because as you can see by now I have a big mouth and I'm not afraid to use it So I was at this conference in Gabon and we had all of these held this heads of states Mostly from Africa and my president was sitting right there with his wife next to him And he expected probably me to be like the traditional good African, you know be like oh everything is great My old president you're such a great president blah blah I keep going and I was like well Let me tell you about how things are going for my business How it took me two years to set up my business over here in Senegal and it took 15 minutes in the United States How ridiculous is that and I talked to them exactly about what I'm telling you guys right now He was pissed off He was pissed He was pissed the organizers were freaked out Everybody thought this was gonna be bad and yet there was a mini Diplomatic incident. I heard about it. I had an earful about it and then as if it was not enough I decided to write for Forbes a column It was supposed to be called if I can't fire you I can't hire you they thought it was too harsh They changed the title to something like whatever, but my point was still made Because I didn't have a true I see a couple here You guys love each other right?  Thank you She's trying to be too nice because she should really say no she said I don't know about that one Well, I know what you mean. You probably not gonna marry the guy just to be honest So if I can't fire you I can't hire you it's that simple So that was after the mini diplomatic incident I piled on with that article and you know what they did they started debating the article on National TV the most respected TV show on national TV Debating my articles two teams of experts including the tax people everyone was talking and you know what since then My president made it a key that we as a country have to start paying attention to a doing business index ranking And he puts a lot of pressure on everybody for us to be better reformers So so what can you do you guys over here because I know you people who care? Be aware Everything I talked about today Go back dig deeper seek more watch poverty Inc. If you haven't it will give you a lot more information So number one be in the know number two By any time you can do business with African entrepreneurs Things are tough back home. Trust me, but I am not giving up things are gonna get better We are working and a generation away from mine, and I'm hoping actually even ten years away from By the time I'm done with this that we're not talking about on this nonsense anymore But in the meantime you guys keep doing business with any African entrepreneurs that you can do business with That's the best way to keep things going forward three Get into hacking and hacks to governments Yeah, I said it. I don't care. I know that they watch what I say what I'm in this short. That's fine They don't own me so Hacks to government We're talking We're talking Bitcoin. We're talking blockchain. We're talking e-government. That's what we're talking a few years ago I met two guys two tech founders. They were involved in the blockchain technology I met them in Guatemala, and then we were we saw each other again They're two tech people from New York young people and so they were telling me how excited they were but you know They were gonna create this Bitcoin This Bitcoin ATM and the debit card that goes with it. I said well, it's all great But well doesn't impress me but what would impress me is if you came to Africa With this technology and that we applied it to some real life issues down there If you want to talk call me, I thought they would be like oh, whatever lady But they called me and now they are in Senegal and then from Senegal they went into Ghana and That's what they're doing the business is there doing well really, you know Fixing real problems for people on the ground Those are the type of things you can do right using the power of Technology and seeing how you can hack government as much as possible for There's this phenomenon in town called the free cities for those of you who have not heard about this I'm telling you this is the bomb as far as I'm concerned some people like oh, let's go to Mars Go to Mars all you want. I'm very touch the planet earth. Thank you very much I'm staying here.  I'm gonna stay here and try to make this place, right? So yeah, I kind of gave up on a lot of states, but now what could happen if in a designated country you get to You take a plot of land as inhabited as possible and on that plot of land you consider that plot of land like your computer But the law that you get that get to rule that plot of land you consider it as you're operating software Start to play with his ideas a little bit Well, that's what Singapore has done. That's what Hong Kong has done. That's what allowed China to actually raise Take 700 million people out of poverty within 30 years. They basically try to zone there tried to zone these places using capitalism for prosperity So this is something big that's coming that I absolutely believe in my husband who is in the room here can talk to you guys more about all of that So in Clothing I Have marching orders for you actually I have only one marching order for you I know we're talking about freedom and everything, but yeah, I dare to commend you What is it I Want that anytime anyone of you runs into people who claim that capitalism is a problem Look from straight in the eyes and in my name. I allow you that in my name.  What type of a monster are you? Turn the tide around You want to talk about righteousness? Those people want to talk to me about righteousness. I'll give them righteousness So whenever you see those people stop arguing about minimum wage Stop arguing about, you know, you're right for You know like housing to to be deregulated maybe in San Francisco and all that I'm with you on that trust me But it's too complicated for some of you need to grab it where it is There are low hanging fruit stick to What's happening with a global poor if you stick to that I Have noticed that none of these people dares to stand up to you They just can't and there is the truth has a way at this point I truly truly believe that this is pure truth When we go and we talk to Peter Singer over at Princeton, he does not Counter the ideas.  So thank you for who you are and thank you for having come to this place I used to be an anti-capitalist by the way, so it's possible. Thank you guys


The study came about with the need to preserve farmers' corn varieties also referred as native corn varieties through continued cultivation. Our strategy is to identify unique nutritional properties to promote their utilization, and hence, varietal preservation and cultivation. Historically, corn production and utilization started when the early Americans domesticated this tall leafy stalk plant and harvested the seeds from it. Its use as food was first recognized by Christopher Columbus in 1492, and this led to the spread of corn throughout Europe. This figure shows the projected population growth in 2045 as presented in green bars. Significant population increase will be observed from the two regions, Asia and Africa, of which high population rates were already observed in 2013. With a growing population rate, demand for food is a concern. To address the food security issue, grain yield is expected to increase by almost 100% by 2050. For past decades, trait selection for corn as well as for wheat and other crops has been concentrated in yield. However, food security is not only addressed by increasing production. Nutritional value is also necessary. With increase in yield, grain quality decreases. Starch is a function of grain yield, and several studies reported the negative correlation between starch and protein and oil contents. Hence, there's a need to improve grain quality. In the Philippines, corn was hypothesized to be introduced during the Acapulco galleon trade which is more than 500 years ago. Being a tropical country, it is common to have two cropping seasons per year. Therefore, native varieties may represent more than 1,000 seasons of natures and farmer selection. The variability in climate across the country contributes to varietal adaptation as well as to crop diversity. Therefore, we have a rich germplasm pool. Among the native corn varieties are the farmer's selections, where in selection at the farmer's level is mostly based on eating quality. This is because most of these varieties are grown in major corn eating areas of the country. In addition, these varieties consist of a heterogeneous population that may provide a diverse pool to explore unique grain quality traits for better nutrition. Examples of corn types used for food is blue corn with high ethosionine, upe corn that has been improved for protein content, and deep orange kernels that have high beta carotene. The goals of this study are to characterize grain quality traits of selected farmers varieties and to explore their potential for varietal improvement to strengthen germplasm conservation through its utilization. What we did with this study is to first collect farmer's varieties from major corn-growing areas in the country. This figure illustrates the distribution of corn production areas in the Philippines. The major corn-growing areas are represented in red. We initially did our collection in the northern part of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. This project is tied up with a national program, the Corn Germplasm Utilization through Advanced Research and Development, also known as Seaguard. We coordinated with the different regions under the Department of Agriculture to assist in germplasm collection. Seed samples from the initial collection of 46 varieties were used to determine the proximate composition and total antioxidants. Cluster analysis on this data was performed using Ward's minimum variants to classify the varieties into groups based on similarities of their grain quality traits. Data for carotenoid contents were also obtained as well as agronomic traits and downy mildew resistance. Seventy varieties were crossed with broad-based testers, population 62, IPB var 6, IPB var 8, IPB var 9, IPB var 11, and IPB var 13. These are six elite locally bred corn cultivars that were used to determine combining ability and possible heterotic grouping based on yield. Trials were conducted in Isabela and Pangasinan. Separate analysis of variants was performed for a single location before performing combined analysis. Based on phenotypic characterization and performance evaluation, population improvement for high starch, protein antioxidant, and carotenoid contents will be conducted in selected population. For the results of this study, this figure illustrates the dendogram of genetic relationships among selected farmers varieties formed by two groups, the high protein in red box and high starch group in blue box. Among the varieties, UP, LBC, and N11 and UP, LBC, and N15 have high total antioxidants with scavengic activity of 13.52% and 12.98% and UP, LBC, and N15 also had good resistance to downy mildew resistance with less than 20% incidence. Using BACROS method, increase in resistance to downy mildew resistance was observed between IPB var 6 and BACROS 1F1 and BACROS 1F2 populations. Summarize here are the nutritional benefits observed in different native varieties. UP, LBC, and N15, UP, LBC, and N46, and UP, LBC, and N32 have high antioxidant activity. High protein was observed for UP, LBC, and N2 and high starch for improved eating quality was observed for UP, LBC, and N39. Among the farmers varieties with high carotenoid contents are the three varieties coded as UP, LBC, and N20, UP, LBC, and N32, and UP, LBC, and N36. These varieties have comparable carotenoid contents with IPB var 13 and elite yellow open pollinated cultivar. Since carotenoids are associated with yellow kernel color, white corn varieties IPB var 6 and IPB var 8 have low values. Test cross trials were conducted in Isabela and Pangasinan and separate ANOVA were performed. The combined analysis across Pangasinan and Isabela revealed a high significantly difference among test cross, native population, and tester effects. The GCA estimates for yield were calculated for both testers and native populations. SAA estimates were calculated for test crosses. The GCA estimates for test cross range from minus 0.26 to 0.22 with IPB var 13 having the highest estimate. And IPB var 6 obtained the least and negative GCA estimate for yield among the testers. The negative GCA estimate contributes decrease in yield when used in cross. On the other hand, the GCA estimates for native population range from minus 0.79 to 1.44 with UP, LBC, and N108 having the highest estimate. Followed by UP, LBC, and N22 with 1.22 and UP, LBC, and N53 obtained the least and negative GCA estimate for yield among the native populations. The UP, LBC, and N108 had high test cross performance for yield on all six testers. While UP, LBC, and N22 obtained the highest average yield among the selected test crosses. These native populations are candidates for population improvement. The SAA estimates highlighted in blue and red illustrate the relative magnitude for each native population across all the testers. The relative magnitude of the SAA estimates for each native population provides information on the strength of combining ability of the native population with the different testers. The blue cells show favorable response to cross contributing to increase in yield while red cells show unfavorable response to cross as it contributes to decrease in yield. The SAA estimates for test cross range from minus 1.02 to 1.17. With UP, LBC, and N88 by IPV var 8 having the highest estimate and UP, LBC, and N22 by IPV var 9 having the least and negative SAA estimate for yield. The UP, LBC, and N88 and IPV var 8 can be further evaluated to assess its performance on population hybrid since it is also observed to be the highest yielding test cross among all the test crosses. Stability analysis for test cross was performed using the SAA estimates for yield of the test crosses. The analysis was done to determine the combining ability of the testers with the native populations. IPV var 9 showed the most stable performance or the least variation in terms of combining ability with native populations. This reflects the poor ability of the tester to differentiate its combining ability with the native populations. On the other hand, IPV var 13 was the least stable in terms of combining ability with native populations, followed by IPV var 11. And these two testers also rank first and second based on GCA estimates. In addition, IPV var 11 showed the highest mean yield among the testers. The elite open pollinated cultivars, IPV var 13 and IPV var 11 can be recommended as testers to evaluate other native corn varieties and similar germ plasams of the IPV corn breeding program. The biplot analysis was performed to identify which among the testers have similar combining ability with the native populations and to determine grouping of the testers based on their performance with the native populations. The six testers were divided into four groups. Group 1 consists of IPV var 6, IPV var 9, and population 62. While group 2 is represented by IPV var 11, group 3 by IPV var 8, and group 4 represented by IPV var 13. The testers belonging to group 1 showed similar combining ability. Based on the GCA estimates and stability analysis, population 62 can be used to represent group 1. On the other hand, the grouping can be validated by test cross performance. The native populations contained in each group where the tester belongs are heterotic with the tester. UPLBCNN88 is contained in group 3 that is represented by IPV var 8 and the high SCA estimate observed in their cross confirms their heterotic relationship. This figure illustrates the heterotic grouping among the native population, which was determined using Ward's minimum variance based on SCA estimates for yield. Three heterotic groupings were formed and based on bi-plat analysis and GCA and SCA estimates, testers for each heterotic group are identified. IPV var 13 can serve as tester for heterotic group 1, IPV var 11, and population 62 can serve as tester for heterotics group 2 and 3 respectively. Composites can be formed from selected native populations from each heterotic group. Listed here are the selected native populations for each heterotic group to be used to form composites. Now how can we proceed with varital improvement? For each varital selection in corn and in any other crops, we should consider the overall performance of the variety, considering all the traits. A high population mean to expect high level of improvement or success, its performance in process that is reflected in the combining ability, and the target trait in this case is nutritional composition. Based on combining ability and heterotic grouping, the appropriate breeding strategy for selected varieties would be intra-population improvement for selected varieties with particular desirable grain quality traits. UPLBCNN20, UPLBCNN32, and UPLBCNN36, for example, can be improved for carotenoid contents. And since these three varieties belong to heterotic group 3, composites can also be developed among them. Right now we have several sets of population improvement programs implemented to initiate the first cycle of selection to improve starch, protein, antioxidant, and carotenoid contents. A BACRAS program is also already been implemented to incorporate downy-milch resistance to IPBVAR6 using UPLBCNN15, a source for resistance. Population hybrids can also be developed by identifying native varieties with high SEA, with a tester, for example, UPLBCNN88 by IPBVAR8. In summary, the pool of farmers varieties evaluated has variable response in their nutritional composition. These can be explored to improve current corn cultivars for better nutrition and to develop the next generation of healthier corn products. The knowledge on heterotic group among native corn varieties and current corn germplasm facilitates directed and predicted response to increased productivity and other important traits. Hence, strengthening Philippine corn germplasm.


Listen, it's the message right here. Black boy tell me how you really feel, because I just want to build with you. Black girl tell me how you really feel. I want to keep it real with you. I want to live better, eat better. I want to love better, sleep better. Yeah, I want to feel so aligned. Are you familiar with Shahraz Ad Ali? No. So Shahraz Ad Ali in 1989, she wrote a book called Black Man's God to Understand the Black Woman.  She was going on talk shows, I think she was on the Donahue show, which was pretty much like the Oprah Winfrey show at that time. And one of the audience members stood up and was like, I'm a Yoruba priestess and what you're doing is evil and you're sewing discourse in our community. She was talking to Shahraz Ad Ali. Do you know who that lady was? It was Yala. Yala Vassan. It was Yala Vassan. So like to go from that to now talking about Black women are out of order, there has been a shift because Shahraz Ad was saying that in 1989, right? So the book was about some of the reasons why Black women are out of order. When you read the book, at least from a male perspective, she could have wrote that yesterday. She could have wrote that two weeks ago. But it is that relevant. She's talking about the over-sexualization of Black women, how they do it to themselves. She's talking about how they've been essentially raised to inherently disrespect the Black men and how we as Black people have only investigated, no interrogated Black men, but we haven't actually ever interrogated Black women outside of their physical appearance. So why do you think it is so hard to critique Black women? It was hard in 1989, it's definitely harder now. Why do you think that is? I feel it's harder because Black women have had to be the ones who took on the role of being the head of the Black family in more situations than not.   So we've had to own that power and become the head and in that sense, don't about to tell a big mama no, you know, you don't get that when what mama said goes, you know, you ask your daddy, what would your mama say, those type of situations. So whether it be overt or underhanded, we've had, there's been a shift in the power of the family because in biblical sense, the man is the head.  She's seen enough from my own personal perspective, I was raised by a single mother working multiple jobs to take care of me, my brothers, and whoever else she could take in, part of my family and friends. So I'm not trying to burden that woman with any additional problems that anybody coming to her, men mainly, you want to date my mama, you got to go through me and my brothers. And that's intimidating and it can be a bit much. But again, who's going against the woman that's holding the family down? Who's trying to do that? Whether it's fair or not, no. But it's where we are. So for me, I always start the conversation with white supremacy, as far as the breakdown of the black family. And then after that, I go to the black man. These are the ways that we assisted white supremacy to break down the black family. And I think we're hyper aware of that in the society. So my question is, what are the ways women are willing to own as to how women assisted white supremacy to break down the black family? It's not an easy question. It's not an easy question because women are often on the front lines of trying to protect the black man. We're the ones that are going, I guess, thinking along those lines. So while we're the ones that are on the front lines, a lot of times we throw that in their faces. We know that they have had a disadvantage and sometimes we don't respect or recognize it enough. While, again, I guess playing devil's advocate, a lot of men rest on that, like, oh man, you know the man hold me down and the man won't let me do this and that.  Like you have to understand, like, okay, even if it's playing on the man's sympathies or them playing on yours and be like, okay, so they have it harder. So let me, let me honor, let me help them with this or women that have had to choose between the black man and their children, they're going to choose their children every time. So those YT people have made it to a point where it's easier for the black woman to placate into their ways and methods rather than stand boldly beside the black man and just be like, I'm standing beside you no matter what. Instead of having that unconditional, there's conditions on it, which they am thinking about it.  That's where we are. Like, it's like you're damned if you do damned if you don't. Sometimes it's a woman.  I got my children. I got my own stuff to do. I'm bearing the weight on my own. I could do better by myself, those type of things. In a lot of the conversations I've had with women, there tends to be a reflex to almost excuse women.  But her dad wasn't there, this and that. But black men don't get that same grace oftentimes. And usually that conversation ends with niggas ain't shit, period point blank period.   You deal with both sides every day. I've dated both sides.  It's easier to go towards the gender because rather than you having to accept and deal with the fact that sometimes you're the problem, you can just put it on that blanket statement and it absolves you. Everybody's been like, oh yeah, that's right. That's 100% of you know, they ain't over there.  But sometimes we as women are the problem. I will 100% admit sometimes it's us because, again, I was raised to be independent. And in the independence, I found that I wasn't allowing another person whether it be a man or a woman to love me or do for me like they wanted to or they were raised to or they expected to in those roles or whatever because I can do that by myself. I don't need nobody. I got me, that type of situation, but when you're doing those things and when you're claiming you got it all, you can do it all, you're perfect, you don't have any problems, you're lying to yourself first of all and you're shutting out people that can truly be there for you in ways that you can't be there for yourself.     Not always, but that's often what happens. So confirmation bias got you, okay, so let me ask you this, it's an interesting question I want you to give it some thought because then there's a follow up question.   Break that down. Before I am anything else, before I am breast and a vagina, nails, makeup, before I'm any of that, when someone sees me they're going to see a black person. My skin color comes before anything else, I could hide being a woman, I can't hide being black and throughout my 32 years of life I've had a lot of struggles with being a dark skinned person and loving myself and in doing so I had to truly take the time to do some self-work, self-development and introspection to learn do I love me and if I do, what do I love most about me? I love that I come from a background so rich in culture and customs and creativity like I was born with a beat. Those kind of things to me mean more the coarseness of my hair, the fullness of my lips, the way my hips are rounding off, all of that to me and also just looking at myself being like damn chocolate ain't never look so good as it did when it's all like that to me is the same feeling I get when I walk outside on a sunny day and I look at the way the skin is glistening off of me and it's kind of warming my body doesn't hurt I just feel like I'm alive again that's I love being black like you can take being a woman I'd be cool being a dude and again I told you I'm a woman not a lady I wear makeup and nails because I'm a girly but again I would love to be a dude it'd be cool I don't care woman or man doesn't matter but you asked me a million times I would never want to be any other race but black and that's powerful so part of the reason that question is so important is because some of the criticism that black men have towards black women has a lot to do with feminism and how feminism some people would say feminism was introduced to us to so discord so the question is has feminism helped or hurt the black community I would say I would think hurt because when you look at feminism it goes back to that having to play a role being subservient you're fitting into a category but if you look at tribes around the world especially in Africa doesn't exist or it's like reverse where women are the hunters the gatherers men are the ones take care of home it's like that feminine aspect has made us have to fit in a space where biologically genetically it's not what we want to be like women as me the African American woman and once I know we don't want to just sit at home and take care of children it's part of who we are but it's a part like I have best friends who are bosses who have multiple businesses but also have children they're raising and a husband that they're making sure needs dinner at night not because they have to but it's because they work together as a unit so I think feminism and the whole femininity idea has hurt us because the femininity so you're saying femininity not feminism feminism is the movement that you know equal femininity femininity femininity femininity femininity femininity is a whole other thing I don't even know if I fuck with feminism sometimes but the femininity of it all has kind of broken us out of the together aspects working together but if we're getting into feminism again I don't I'm all about women's empowerment but sometimes feminism tries to separate more than it does try to empower a woman it's more about women should women should women should despite of men rather than it should be respect women as people who can do more than just those take care of some babies and you know cook dinner and make their hair look pretty it's about giving them that empowerment and that feeling of you're more than just someone who takes care of home but you get those extreme women who go on and on about it and it just becomes something that's ugly to me so I think feminism definitely has hurt us because again you latch on to the wrong shit and it all becomes convoluted and twisted to fit whatever narrative you're trying to push rather than what it's truly about because I was all about I'm pro women let us have our shine we can do anything but again hold up because I got nails in this jar I'll pick up might be a little too tight so I'm gonna need a man to come open it like you don't have to be I am woman hear me roar I can do it all be on your chest because again you're still a woman


Yn dweud yw'r ysgrifennu ddim yn ymddangos cyntaf sydd gennymr y llwyddoedd yn gyfyrddol iawn, fe efallai ar y dyfodol, ac mae'r gwrsau dyma'r ysgrifennu, wedi'i gwneud o'r ddechrau rhai o rhaeddenau, gyda'r lleol o'r drwng. Mae'r gwaith i'r Cynghwil, mae'r gwaith yng Nghymysgwynt, mae'r gwaith lleiwyr i'r lleiwyr o'r gwaith yn olygu'r gwaith ymlaen. Yn amlwg Llywodraeth Cymru, mae'r cynghwyno cyd-synod yw fynd i'r cynghwyno? Fyddai'r ymlaen o'r Llywodraeth yma? Mae'r gweithio bod ydych chi'n gweithwyr? Yn ymlaen i'r cynghwil, ac mae'r cynghwil yn gyflau'r ymlaen. I worked for Jimmy Carter. I was a speech writer during the campaign and the White House and he was the first real southerner in sort of modern times to win a president.  And Woodrow Wilson was sort of a quasi-southerner. But part of…and Carter carried most of this out as a Democrat is sort of now sort of a famously pious Democrat and the reason was largely regional pride, regional chip on the shoulder. ac mae'n lleidio cyd-dweud yma yn ymwneud yma. Yn ymwneud o'r crinigiad yma, yna'r fal-faseid, ymwneud ymwneud ymwneud yma. Yn ymwneud, yw'r cyd-faseid yw'r fal-faseid 50 o 60 o'r gweithio. Felly mae'r cyd-faseid yn ymwneud ein costal yn ymwyllteb yn ymwneud, Mark Twain yn ymwneud yw'r cyfrannu. Henry James yn ymwneud ymwneud ymwneud. Mae yma'r cyfrannu erbyn yn y fwysig, a our travels around the country. Because we often went to places, that were very conscious of being looked down upon.  They didn't accept me as a local. Mississippi, my dad was a navy doctor there. They've been able to use their sense of being the bottom, you know, they're always number 50 or 51 depending how many states you're counting, yn e-ranking, but when they've succeeded in industrialization or whatever, they're saying, yeah, we're doing it here in Mississippi. Central Valley, California, same thing. West Virginia, Eastern Kentucky, the same thing. So yes, this was part of it, but I think in every presidential election you can find some of this cultural tension. So I think the, so that's my answer. It is thus and has ever been this. But it has a deep, there's not a marked deep thing of that division. If you compare it with say the late 1960s when you had, you know, divisions of the Vietnam War and you had construction workers in New York actually taking lead pipes to anti-war protesters, so it is an issue, it has been an issue for much of our history. Correct. Okay. I think there's another element to it also and that is that there's a sense among those that don't live on the coast. You know, I have an interesting history. I grew up in a very wealthy part of the country in New Jersey, probably one of the wealthiest counties in the country and I lived the first time for my life there and the second half of my life in one of the poorest, you know, places. So I sort of have seen both sides. And what the people in, you know, when we say Youngstown by the way, we're not really talking about the city, we're talking about the region. But you know, the people in that region, they have a sense, you know, they would say the elites. And that the game is raked in favor of the elites and against them. And people in Youngstown always think the fix is in. It's a place that has a long organized crime history to it, so that sort of adds to it. It's hard to name a public official who didn't end up getting indicted, including the current mayor, including our former congressman who went to jail for eight years. So the thought was that everything is raked, and it's not what you know, it's who you know. And the elites are connected. They have this network. You know, Peggy Noonan has written about this, sort of, they're the protected. And the people in Youngstown are the unprotected by that. I don't know if you've any read JD Vance's book, The Hillbilly Elegy. And what I took from that book is actually the later chapter, almost the last chapter, was the most fascinating. When he goes down to Harvard or Yale, and he's suddenly part of this elite network, and he talks about the fact that you don't really have to apply for jobs at that point. The networks bring the jobs to you. It's a different world, a different reality, and I think it's resented by those in the heartland, let's say, or those that aren't part of the elite. And just to hop in, yes, and at any stage in American history, you'll find something helpful. I've been reading, again, the works of Theodore Dreiser, I find it honestly fascinating now. And I don't know if any of you have read American tragedy, it's like a thousand pages long, but it's about exactly this tension for Clyde Griffiths, this young aspiring guy from Kansas City who gets this glimpse of the sort of gilded world of New York. So, yes, it's an issue, but I just want to say this is who we are. But was there ever a candidate like Trump? It was George Corly Wallace, who was a, I mean, he was a third party candidate named 68 and then 72. And part of our appeal in the 1976 campaign for the moral Jimmy Carter was, it's a crooked system, we need a government as good as this people. So I am supporting what you're saying, but also saying this is, it's a high wave of a continuing curve. But I think part of Trump's appeal, too, was for these voters. And I don't know what Hillary Clinton said, because I don't think that moved numbers very much, the pluribles comment. But I just think that Trump, I mean, one of the things you see, I spoke to a student who was very involved in the Trump campaign and sort of asking her, you know, why did Trump appeal to you so much? Because she didn't sort of fit the prototype as you thought of as a Trump voter, you know, working full-time, getting two degrees, very, very bright. And she said the rallies that, you know, going to the rallies really moved her. The fact that Trump likes being among these people, or at least he fakes it very well if he doesn't like it. Because when he's there, you know, I went to the rally in July, and he almost feels like he's in his element there. And I think that's a message, an implicit message that he's sending to his supporters, that I like you. You know, I'm with you. I don't look down on you. You know, we're all in this together, sort of this idea. He said it in his Clinton speech, I'm your voice. And that's appealing to them. A 10-second compliment, as opposed to a post-challenge. Yes, and he has a very sort of powerful, the fact that he's both a rich and coarse, I think, sort of appeal that way. But also I think we do see a historically unprecedented combination of public affairs and entertainment.  Very much, yes. Everybody likes that, and so it's now sort of a more center stage. If Trump had run at the end of the Clinton presidency in 2000, would he have got the nomination over George W. Bush? It's conceivable. So I think the structures of the party were probably more in place than the other Republican party until recently it had. There's a fascinating set of recent polls I saw, which is that if you were doing polls right now for the next presidential election, that is almost three years ahead of time, when you're not talking about an incumbent running for reelection, among Democrats you never predict the actual nominee. The person leading the polls three years ahead of time is never the actual nominee. But Republicans, it usually has been. Because Republicans have usually been the next guy. And so I think that George W. Bush was the next guy at that time, as Mitt Romney was, et cetera. And the next guy now would have been Jett or whoever would have been the next guy in the last race. So I think that the structure of the party probably would have resisted Trump back in 2000. I don't know the answer to this question. It would be interesting. I don't know when the Republicans changed to allowing more sort of proportional representation in their primaries, which really was a benefit to Trump that they weren't doing when it would take off. Because Trump had that core of support. When you're doing proportional, the bottom gets lost off. So 20% that he had all the time became more like a 30% when you go into the primaries. And of course Republicans don't have superdelegates, unlike the Democrats. And I think if Trump had not won this time and had lost badly to Hillary Clinton and the Republicans had a reevaluation of how they did things, I wonder if they would have thought about superdelegates doing sort of what the Democrats had done to give the party more weight. Cork, I know you wanted to commit. Yeah, part of my commitment is you. Listening to Jim Stalin's, it can seem very comforting in some ways. But the other side of it is that Donald Trump is president and Donald Trump can do an awful lot of damage to the American system. In the next three years, not only the American system, but through the world as a whole, he can do an awful lot of damage to relations with Europe, relations with China, relations with Russia. Damage which may not be comparable. So I wonder about not disagreeing with you that we shouldn't see the election of 2016 as establishing a trend which is irreversible. But there is an awful lot wrong with American politics at the federal level. There is, for instance, the almost complete cherrymandering of House elections, for instance. There is the wrong money in American politics. Now you could say that the election of Trump runs counter to that argument, but I don't think it does. So I think what we are worried about is the long-term damage that will be done. That's my first comment. My question is, do you not think that in the 2016 election Hillary Clinton was in fact a very bad candidate for the democratic party? I mean, we all have heard that the margin was very tight even in terms of the electoral college, and if she has, for instance, gone to Wisconsin. And if she had paid attention to this part of what has been the core democratic electorate, the outcome might have been different. What do you think of that teaching? So to take turns answering this, to start with your second point about Hillary Clinton, again, looking back in this election, there are a million things that have gone the other way. I think that if I had to choose the most important, I think the New York Times played a powerful role in this outcome by treating the Hillary email story as if it was of equal importance with everything happening with Trump. And there was a famous front page in the New York Times ten days before the election after Comey's letter, where the entire front page, except for like an ancient at the bottom, was everything about the election in Trump also. So I think that was an important part. Hillary Clinton points out in her book, which actually is interesting. Her book, what happened, I didn't intend to read it, I had to read it for work. It was actually interesting. She points out, you know, Russell Angle, wonderful former senator from Wisconsin. He thought he was going to win. He was like, you know, six points ahead in the polls and he was lost by seven points or something. And he spent all his time in Wisconsin. So she was saying that I was there pretty much, but I wasn't the only one who was surprised with the thing. So yes, she was a bad candidate. She got more votes than any candidate ever except Barack Obama. You know, she won by three million votes. So she was not as charming as her husband or as Barack Obama, but she, a lot of things had to go that way for her to lose it. So that would be a point on that. Are things wrong at the national level? Yes, I think they are to disclose my interests. The Atlantic was founded in 1857 as issue three endorsements in this history. Number one for Abraham Lincoln. Number two for Lyndon Johnson over Barry Goldwater. And number three last fall against Donald Trump. Now we thought this was a person uniquely unprepared for the office. And so what I've written since then is essentially on the vector diagram between things he is doing and all the other forces in national and international life. And yesterday, last night in London, I was interviewing the Baroness Kathy Ashton about the ways in which both the Iran deal and the Paris deal were the ways in which all the other parties are trying to fight back. And so I think we see an important and not now determined struggle between the things he wants to do and the ways the other parts of the system are resisting. One other point, Arnold Schwarzenegger is my new hero. And this is not simply because I sat next to him at breakfast a couple of months ago in Santa Monica. That is a way to feel really horrible.  But anyhow, his role is now to end gerrymandering in the U.S. He got a sort of honest district thing done and it got him in California and that's the message he's trying to bring to the rest of the country, especially the three states to make our Ohio, Pennsylvania and North Carolina where you have disproportionate effect on the house. Arnie's always been my hero. Is he a hero of yours? I think the gerrymandering. The Supreme Court might at least begin to take care of that. There's a case this term and I think a lot of people suspect that they're going to roll against what went on in Wisconsin. I think it's a much larger effect at the state level than it is at the national level. Simply because if you're going to get cities together, I don't know that it's going to change the makeup of Congress that much. You're always going to have sort of a Republican advantage because Democrats tend to cluster in urban areas and there's not much you can do about that unless you're going to start breaking up cities a lot. But it would be different and it would be less disadvantageous to the Democrats if this were the case.  So thank you. I read talking about the electoral college because it's something I'm really interested in. And Senator Moynihan gave a speech sort of against changing the electoral college many years ago into a wonderful speech. I can find it online and encourage you to read it not just because of what he says about the electoral college but what he said about American politics at the time. He was talking about his time as UN ambassador and he said someone from a developing country came to him one day, he's on the floor of the UN and said, you know, you Americans, you're always trying to get us to fix our political systems. You're always giving us all sorts of advice. He said, but you never tell us the one thing we need to know and that is how do you trust each other because that's what you have in the United States and that's what's fundamental for democracy to work, that we have a basic trust for each other. And you know Moynihan was sort of talking about that's what we have now and he had actually tied it to his argument for the electoral college but that's what I worry we don't have anymore which is so corrosive is that we don't trust each other anymore and that makes it very hard to run a democracy and I don't know how we bring that back. I can see a lot of things that will make it worse. I don't see a lot of things that will make it better and that's what concerns me more about our political system than any of the other things you talked about. And just for its point about the United States road in the world is a repropel doubt. Obviously that assumes that Trump is not doing a good job perhaps somebody disagrees with that and that America first is the way to go but your view on the United States place in the world and whether it's being damaged. I'll let him go first. Again stipulating that I did not support Donald Trump in the last election and have written a lot about sort of resisting his impulses and values. I think that there's... Ireland is an interesting example so there's not an ambassador here for one of the countries with which the U.S. has among the closest of relations with any countries on earth and that is obviously the relationship suffers from that. There are countless other ways in which the U.S. and Ireland are and will be long term connected. I think it is a... the question is the ratchet effect of how many decisions made in the next couple of years will have an irreversible effect. I think that in the list I would put I would start with North Korea that that is a quite volatile and dangerous situation. Interestingly I feel as if the Japanese, Chinese and South Korean otherwise often in each other's throats on this issue feels as if they have some combined balance interest given the current U.S. role. Certainly Kathy Eshinw was saying last night that she thought that was happening with the Iran deal that everybody else except the United States was sort of saying how can we collectively find ways to make sure the Iran deal stays on course with the Paris climate accords. The mayors in the U.S. have essentially said we have enough leverage to make sure the U.S. still meets its targets and what the national government is saying but obviously there was lost time etc etc so the ways in which I personally would have fear effects are very hard to reverse would be military commitments or military accidents. They would be damaged to U.S. scientific and educational establishment by elbowing people out and diverting them to Canada or Ireland or wherever else they would be. And jeopardizing the assumption many people have had about the United States which is too big, it's a bully, they're loud, we're tired of them but they're not going to do anything really crazy. And I think that the Iraq war in my view was one pressure against that obviously that Vietnam was very controversial but there's been I think a, we lived in China during the Obama election and the Chinese were genuinely stunned by that Obama could succeed but then impressed that the United States could elect somebody like this. So we'll see what the next months and years hold for America. I'll read it back. I agree with everything you said but the only thing I'm going to add to it is that you'll always remember how complex our system is and presidents aren't always as powerful as you think they are. I'm going to use the NAFTA example. There's a real question about for example in trade agreements what President Trump can do unilaterally because when you have a trade deal for example like NAFTA there's legislation that goes along with it and presidents cannot unilaterally repeal legislation. They have a lot of power, they have a lot of effect but they're also not limited but on the words from side everything affects everything else and whenever the United States acts it teaches a lesson and creates opportunities or closes down opportunities for future actions. So in that way it is worse. Do you think the checks on balance system has worked? Broadly? Marks out of 10? Yeah. Actually we've added additional non-Madisonian checks. Madison did political parties we'll join them pretty quickly and political parties have added a check within the government disputes within political parties have added a check within the government and one of the things you see right now is that Republicans because they're busy fighting with each other because they're made up actually of multiple coalitions have a very hard time going along with a Republican president. We don't know if any of these things that President Trump wants or says he wants are actually going to happen because of this division. Yeah. You talked a lot about divisions and tensions within the country between coastal and central elites and others but one thing I was surprised about was what was the racial division and tension in America as a time easy goes through in Europe magazine very very persuasively the biggest indicator of how somebody voted in the selection was not their age, their gender or their income and was their race so you might not agree with his conclusion on what this means but would you like to hear your thoughts on that? So, you know, race and the heritage of slavery is the central sin the central challenge, the central issue in American history. My magazine The Atlantic is called The Atlantic because it was American and English anti-slavery activists who founded in 1857 to across the Atlantic to work on this issue and we were having dinner at Tana Hasi in Paris two days ago talking about all these at this big lab conference so number one I subscribe to the view that sort of racial animus as opposed to economic anxiety is a stronger predictor of Trump support and there's a whole sort of literature on each side of that but I come down basically on Tana Hasi's side of that one way I differ from him again is that it was a chance maybe not in a million but a chance in a hundred that Trump actually ended up winning there's so many things that would have led to him losing and would that have given Tana Hasi a different view so yes that racial tension which to me I would define as black and non-black rather than white and non-white is the ongoing axis in administration of justice and in police power and education and equality and all the rest I say it that way black versus non-black as opposed to white versus non-white in that there's a huge discussion about whether all other immigrants eventually quote become white where Asians and 100 years ago Jewish immigrants were thought to be a whole sort of separate category and now essentially everybody becomes white as opposed to black so yes this is the issue of American life and American politics and continues the one thing that's always kind of very interesting is these white voters in a place like Youngstown were very comfortable giving their votes overwhelmingly to the first African American president and then voting to re-elect that president so you can't really see a sort of simple racism I think one way or the other that's not fair to them but I think this also goes back to sort of the increasing distrust among Americans and people are falling into their groups because that's where they feel their trust is and another project that I'm working on is sort of looking at a Supreme Court decision from way back in the 1950s that I'm reading a lot of oral histories from skill workers that were taken about 20 years ago for people who were sort of working in the mills in the 1950s and the 1960s and one of the things that most surprised me when I read them is how much they talked about things that we would now call racial justice within the mills and in part it's because they considered themselves old brothers they were all part of the union and a lot of these people that I'm reading were union leaders and sort of the racial animosity sort of broke down because they had something else that linked them together beyond race and of course now we've lost that we've sort of lost the unions and things like that but I think with this increasing distrust now we don't feel a sense of commonness connecting into their individual groups and the racial problem is a part of that Can I volunteer a 10-second edition so about 30 years ago I did a piece for The Atlantic which may sound preposterous but I would defend its premise we were living then in Japan with our then little kids and I was writing a piece saying essentially I wished that every white American especially every educated white American could have to live in Japan for a year or two because it's the only way to understand what it must be like even when we're to have your race be the most important thing about you every second of the day as a white American as Stephen Colbert would say you don't have to think about race my racial identity is something I don't have to think about in Japan it was the central part of my being and I think that that is again a point on how significant others have made that there is simply it is almost impossible to imagine what it's like to have your skin color be the main thing about you at all times I worked in Japan for a year too it's the life of me thank you Oliver Bowman former department of foreign affairs on the potential of Trump to disappoint he's working to ask the voters Professor Stratwick suggested or came close to suggesting that these jobs were not going to return and that it would become a part and presumably this would lead to disappointment but are there not other things that could also disappoint working vast voters for example lots of health insurance cover for example a perception that this tax reform shouldn't be successful is perceived as benefiting primarily the richness maybe there are other things but I'm just wondering if this disappointment is going to set in is it going to set in before the next election and if so how could that manifest itself in a more individual life good we've only got a couple of minutes left so we'll take the remaining questions or points would you like to? So Lawrence Davis University College Cork I have a comment and the question to comment is just in response to the debate I suppose a small debate about the yes pot about the tension between elitism and populism in American politics and I would agree that this is something that goes back to the constitutional convention debates between the federalists and the anti-federalists it's always been there what I would say on that point as well yes pot is that I think it's important and political scientists have pointed this out that there's been a particular breakdown in trust and a particular fragmentation what political scientists call a crisis of democracy in the wake of politics of austerity the ascendancy of neoliberalism over such a long period of time statistically declining trust in political parties in politicians in government itself and so I think it's it's important to to be cognizant of the fact that although this has always existed this tension between elitism and popular democracy in the United States that there may be something maybe something particularly significant about the present time that Trump tapped into I'm going to leave the prediction question to you of whether the voters will be disappointed who's he running against candidates are important one of the questions that Hillary Clinton came up earlier what's going to be the alternative and we're really limited for time I don't think for example democratic candidate for congress from my district from young town has any fear of losing the election in 2018 I mean the interesting thing is he went overwhelmingly next at the same time that Donald Trump does and he's a democrat in fact being talked about as a possible candidate for president so in 2020 if the democrats field somebody who can speak to these working class voters maybe is from that area if they go against I think their instinct to go harder left and instead go a little bit more to the middle somebody who can speak to sort of these working class voters to bridge the divisions within the democratic party then I think they have a real opportunity to take back the White House but we'll have to see closing I axiomatically make no predictions whatsoever on anything involving Donald Trump having predicted he could not become president I retire that was two and a half years ago on the yes I take the point and the way I would try to harmonize our views is I do think there is a band of these tensions over time the United States and we're at a point of high tension now there is the reassuring thing it's not as bad as a civil war but I think that many of I think that this is comparable in lots of ways to levels of mistrust in the late late 19th century and I think it's not that's just the harvest of the past 10 or 20 years of NAFTA etc. I've been watching the Ken Burns Renovate Vietnam War series which is really worth watching and you see the seeds of many tensions of mistrust then you have 50 years worth of industrial change so yes I agree it is a high point of a historically existing tension thank you we could all thank the speakers unusual way thank you


what's good y'all should go to ross back again with another video so i wanted to kind of talk to you guys man i wanted to do something different uh for this video um i know you guys love the wrestling content but sometimes i like to sprinkle in some gyms you know every now and then or some type of advice for some of you guys that may be going through a particular situation and in this video i want to talk about people taking advantage of your financial success and your financial gain there are people out there that really only care about how much money you make and what you can do for them you know and you gotta be aware of that and the funny thing about these individuals they're very very slick on how they approach you you may not even be able to tell that they're really just wanting the money or or really like that you're financially i guess you can say in a real good position and there's nothing wrong with a man and a woman wanting their significant other or their partner to be in a good financial state but you wouldn't really sometimes be able to tell that those individuals only really like to be around you when the money's good when you're doing good financially and you gotta be careful about that and they can sit up there and you know pretend like you know that they're not there for the money or they'll they'll disguise it because maybe the individual has their own money and they're paying for their stuff and all this other stuff but then when you are going through a hard time or going through a rough patch they don't have that same energy they start to look at you differently they start to treat you differently they start to look down upon you because you don't have it like you used to have it and that is why especially in today's climate you have to be very careful and very discerning of who you hang around with and who you get involved with because a lot of people nowadays tend to really focus on the looks and the money and then the personality and you know vibes they come later but it's really those two things and people will say oh no i'm into someone's personality more than what's in a pocket book you sure about that you gotta ask yourself this type of question if your significant other started hitting a rough patch because that's what life is sometimes about life is has his ups and life has his lows you know i'm saying so if your significant other is going through a tough time financially maybe they lost a job maybe they got laid off or maybe they had to take care of some unforeseen bills that's what life is all about would you still have that person's back would you still hold them down until they're able to bounce back would you still be there or would you look down upon them would you sit up there and and not you know help them out when they did that is what i'm really trying to convey to people to really watch out for and hell i gotta watch out myself you know i'm saying i have to be discerning myself on who i live in my life and why they're in my life and i wanted to bring this video to you guys because maybe somebody right now that's watching this video is going through that very same situation maybe they were in a relationship or got into a relationship with someone and they was doing good you know they was you know making good money life was going good for them everything was falling into place and then something happened and now that other person is not looking at them the same now they're coming at them differently they don't have that same type of passion or love anymore because you're not making as much money as you was if you're going through that right now man i will say this to you remove yourself from that situation remove yourself from that situation as soon as possible don't be involved in stuff like that pay attention to signs like that because best believe when you get yourself out of that rut when you start elevating yourself to the to the level you was before things went rough and well things went bad or you even elevate yourself past the level that you didn't even think you could do best believe those same people that said they had your back then disappeared all of a sudden they will come back around oh man i knew you could get yourself out of it i knew you could figure it out pay attention to those people bro please pay attention to those to those signs to those individuals man and i'm honest i'm also put this out there yes being in a a relationship does require some financial stability and that's why you know sometimes you have to hold off on a relationship with anybody with anyone until you get yourself financially good and i understand that but at the same time money and looks cannot be the number one and number two things that hold you down in a relationship is that's not always sometimes going to be there the looks sometimes may not be the same when you're 50 60 years old you know it's not going to be the same the money may not even be the same to you never know because life happens so you got to always have something that really holds that relationship together and the best thing that can hold a relationship together even a friendship too is the person the genuine person behind the looks behind the money how are they the personality their thought process their their motivations you know you know those things matter because those are tied to you money is not tied to you your looks yes it's physically tied to you but that's just surface level and i want to put this out there because i really want to promote people you know making sure that hey if you got your money good now protect your money and protect yourself from these individuals that say you know you know they got you you know that support you that you know oh i'm you know i'm loving what you're doing i love you loving your hunger and drive and then something happens and now all of a sudden they you know they're not even trying to mess with you no more be very cautious of those individuals man and i i hope someone takes a lesson from this video to be able to understand you know everyone has their highs and lows like i said in this video everyone has their season and when your season comes up for you to you know glow up elevate and prosper there's going to be people that come around that's gonna you know pretend that you know they they will always have your back but when something goes wrong they disappear man so comment down below let me know have you guys ever been in a relationship or friendship where when everything was going good financially you had the money you was good you know everything was straight but then all of a sudden something came up you didn't have the funds or you wasn't making as much money before maybe you lost your job or whatever the situation was and they switched up have you ever been in that situation before i would love to get your guys thoughts and opinions on that man and just like i said videos like this that i drop on my page every now and then i enjoy doing them because it comes from the heart and i just really want to be able to help people that are going through some of the situation i've been through some of the situation i've seen some of my close friends go through and try to guide you guys and help you guys out so you guys are not going through the same thing or you'll be at least aware of what's going on about oh okay let me handle this like this because i know how this is going to play out so appreciate all the love and support row 250k appreciate y'all kicking with me and i'll see y'all on the next one peace