Ladies and gentlemen, we're going to proceed to point 24 above the European Entrepreneurial Region Award Ceremony. So this is a debate with the winners and members of the European Committee of the Regions. Let me start saying that the EER label is a recognition to winning regions for their innovative entrepreneurial strategies for strengthening their local SME sector. That is a leading local employer and the backbone of Europe's economy. For well over a decade since 2009, we have celebrated the invaluable efforts of our regions to encourage entrepreneurship, to provide the enabling conditions for their SMEs and the strong entrepreneurial vision supported by local region forward-looking strategies. So far, we together with the European Commission and European Parliament, and with the support of the SME United, Social Economy Europe, Eurochambers, and EURAVA, have awarded 36 European territories bigger and smaller metropolitan and rural regions. Those more developed and those catching up. Not only centrally located, but also more remote and peripheral regions. In these challenging times, we dedicated the 2023 EER award to building resilient communities in EU regions and cities. We must do our best to stimulate the entrepreneurial activity in our regions, capitalizing on the power of innovation to boost the digital and green transitions. We will now proceed to announcing the three winning regions awarded with the EER 2023 label as selected by the EER jury. Before that, I want to thank all the regions that participated this year and wish to see them apply again. I stress that the three EER labels are fully equal and we will announce their names in alphabetical order. The representatives of the awarded territories that are present in the room are invited to join us here at the front to collect their trophies and to deliver a short three minute speech. The following awarded regions will commit to leading by example in implementing ambitious entrepreneurial strategies for building resilient entrepreneurial communities. So do we have drums? No. The European Entrepreneurial Regions of the Year 2023 are Barcelona City from Spain, Vanilla Municipality from Portugal and Western Pomerania from Poland. I think we have to do it in front. I invite you to. Now I would like to first of all congratulations to all three winners and I think we have a short video clip about the 2023 label, EER 2023 label, please. Thank you. Now it is my pleasure and honor to give the floor to Mr. Paul Solanilla. You have the floor, sir. Congratulations. Muito obrigado, señor presidente. Dear friends, dear members of the Committee of the Regions and the rest of the institutions. First of all, thank you very much for this award for the City of Barcelona. We are very honored and we would like to share with you basically three reflections why this award is very important for our city. First of all, I would like to remind you and to remember that in 1996 the mayor of Barcelona, Pasqual Maragall, the mayor of the Olympic Games, was elected chairperson president of the Committee of the Regions. So the Committee of the Regions and the citizens is a very important institution for the city of Barcelona. So it is, as I say, an honor and its link to our tradition, to the European tradition of Barcelona. The second comment that I would like to share with you is why we are developing what we call our Barcelona Green Deal agenda. Barcelona is an entrepreneurial city. If you have visited, if you have the chance to visit Barcelona, and you see, for example, our beautiful architecture has been done basically by the private sector, for the entrepreneurial sector. We are not obviously the city capital of Spain, we are the second city. So I would say our private sector or entrepreneurs are having a lot of force, a lot of energies for the city. So one of the ADN, the ADN of the city is the public-private cooperation. So public leadership and public and private cooperation. But the third pillar of our strategy we think is the more important, is the most important taking into account that we are, we say, a relatively big city or one of the global cities is social cohesion, social endorsement of the policies that we are doing. Anything of what we do, it has sense if we do not involve the citizens. We are a competitive city. Barcelona is well-known as a competitive city all over the world, is already today, despite of a tourist capital and a sports capital, is one of the digital capitals, global digital capitals. But this competitiveness is based in the talent of the city, the talent of the foreign talent that wants to live with us, but especially is a model of a city. It's a model we want to protect the equality. We don't want to go very fast leaving people behind. I think this is the triple success of Barcelona, competitiveness, sustainable city and social cohesion. These are the three elements, Mr. President, that we want to keep in Barcelona. And this award, it gives us new energies because we know that any success of the past guarantee any success of the future. So we need to have the humility to learn, to listen from the others, and Barcelona is always open to host anyone who wants to come to work with us to build also this new Europe. Thank you very much, Mr. President. Well, we are the ones who thank you, and congratulations once more. Mr. Paul Solanilla is the Commissioner for City Promotion and Barcelona City Council. I now have the great pleasure of giving the floor to my opponent, the Portuguese President of the Municipal Chamber of Penelope and Eduardo Santos. I give the floor to another panel. Our President of the European Committee of the Regions, Vasco Alves Ribeiro, esteemed members of the European Commission, esteemed colleagues that are awarded also with this distinction. As Mayor of Penelope Municipality, it is with deep pride and that is the responsibility that we receive this award. This distinction, attributed by the European Commission and the European Committee of the Regions, is a recognition of our commitment in the fields of innovation and entrepreneurship as an essential path for the development of territories with low population density. Allow me to briefly describe the Penelope Municipality, which is a magnificent territory located in the center region of Portugal, a low-density territory of approximately 135 square kilometers within the so-called Pinal Interior Territory with the following demographic characteristics. We have about 5,400 people and we have a loss of 9% population in the last 10 years with low education levels, low levels of entrepreneurial ability and aging above the national average. Considering this reality, we believe we have created the tools and the environment to overcome this fight. The partnership and networking with a scientific and technological community, such as the Peter Noons Institute and the University of Coimbra, has been essential to attract new companies to the territory as well to the cooperation, the close cooperation with the local business association NEP. The creation of ES incubator is a fundamental structure of the municipality to consolidate the EER strategy in partnership with the Peter Noons Institute. The networking with a scientific and technological system is decisive for business growth and development instead of giving up Penelope decided to dare to risk and to act. We understand the importance of defining the local strategy sustained focused on innovation, competitiveness and entrepreneurship. We call it the ICE. This plan enabled us to create competitive advantages using the differentiating factors of the territory and establish strategic partnerships that could exploit real opportunities while defining a smart specialization as a rural territory with focus in agribusiness, forestry, clean energy, ICT, environment, circular economy and bioeconomy, tourism, creative industries and digital fabrication. This municipal plan assumes local rural singularities as the main differentiating factor able to provide a necessary foundation for sustainable development. We have already come a long way but we are very conscious that there is still much more to do. We are still in pursuit of the ideal ecosystem which will allow us to grow even further. In the next phase, to further increase our strength, we feel that we need to focus on the people, increasing the availability of accommodations and improving the public services in order to create fringe benefits that will also become competitive advantages. As I start by alluding at the beginning, receiving distinction also gives us greater responsibility and a necessary trust to continue our path. In Portugal, beside Lisbon and Castelo Branco, we are the first low density municipality to achieve this distinction which should be a source of pride for everyone who lives, invests and works in Ponella and hopefully will give us an authority boost to attract more investors and people to our territory. My compliments and thanks to the ER Committee on my behalf and on the behalf of Ponella Municipality, thank you for this recognition and for this big encouragement. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much. We are the ones who thank you for participating. And now a well-known face of the Committee of the Regions, Mr. Geblewicz, as President of Pomerania, you have the floor. West Pomerania, exactly. West Pomerania. West Pomerania. Dear President, dear friends. I don't want to create a geopolitical incident. You know, because we have a Pomerania region as well, so President can, you know, be offended. West Pomerania. West Pomerania, precisely. This time I will speak Polish if you allow me. Drodzy przyjaciele. Dear friends, I have always said that the success of a region is a sum of all of the companies and citizens' success. Today I'd like to add that the success of Europe is the success of all the cities and regions in Europe combined. That is why this distinction is so important both for the Committee of the Region and for the whole of Europe. It is very important for my region, West Pomerania, a beautiful region at the Baltic Sea bordering with Germany in its northwestern part. This region has had the most difficulty in undergoing the transformation in the 1990s when half of our economy collapsed and our unemployment reached 35%. That was a huge challenge when, 20 years ago, I became a councilman for the first time in a small municipality. We had to reconstruct our economy. In my locality, we're both an industrial and business park. Today, this business park counts 50 companies. When I became the marshal of our region, our priorities were exactly the same. Modern economy first. After many years of hard work, we've managed not only to reconstruct our economy, but to rebuild it, basically, from scratch. We have no problems with unemployment. We have labour for shortages. And we have one of the highest ratios of SMEs per 1,000 inhabitants. And we are the biggest green energy hub in Poland with the e-commerce centre, not only for Poland, but also for Scandinavia and Germany. Tourism is developing very fast. We have the best hotel accommodation offer in Poland. But we're not slowing down, improving the competitiveness of our companies by promoting innovation, creativity, research and development in harmony with teaching the youth and protecting environment. This is our motto. So, we organise workshops on coding and robotics. We help young people who want to start their own businesses. We attract investors who want to invest in innovation. We are building a strong connection between the academia and business. We have a very good environment for creative industries. And that serves in order to transform our creativity into success, our ideas in concrete projects. That is why let me thank here to all the hard-working and creative inhabitants of our region, all the creative and hard-working businesses from our region. They're using every opportunity they have. I'd like to thank my co-workers who are helping me in our daily, day-to-day effort. And I would like to thank the academia for helping us create this very good environment. I'd like to thank the jury for recognising our effort. Thank you very much. Now, thank you once again for your presence and congratulations once more. Keep up the good work. Thank you. Now, ladies and gentlemen, we are a little bit ahead of schedule. And I would like to ask you if anyone opposes that we maintain the launching of the European Alliance of Cities and Regions for the reconstruction of Ukraine for the hour it was scheduled. But at the same time, if anyone opposes that we move and deal with some other points that were supposed to be after the launching. But I think if no one opposes we could take care of them right now. No opposition? Excellent. Now, I would like to point to 26. It's the appointments of rapporteurs general. It's for decision. I would like to inform you that in accordance with Rule 43 of the Rules of Procedures, the Plenary Assembly is requested to take a decision on a proposal to appoint Mr. Nardella, Mayor of Florence and President of EuroCities, as a rapporteur general for the opinion on the European Commission communication called Ukraine Relief and Reconstruction. The draft opinion will be submitted directly to the Plenary Session of October 10, 12. In accordance with the same rule, the Plenary Assembly is also requested to take a decision on a proposal to appoint General Verfaill as rapporteur for an opinion on the revision of the Industrial Emissions Directive. The draft opinion would be submitted directly to the Plenary also in our October Plenary Session. May I ask the Assembly for its approval? Anyone opposes? If not, it's approved, point 26. Point 27, for your information, the list of newly appointed members and alternates has been published in the member's portal. Please draw your attention to that list. I don't know if you have any other business, but I do. Our trainees would like to present the Y Factor Project, which refers to Ukraine. So a video to present their project will be displayed, but it is my pleasure to ask that pigeon to take the floor for your intervention, and then after your intervention we'll have the video. Dutch, the floor is yours. I pressed this correctly. Okay, thank you very much, President. Ladies and gentlemen, President, distinguished guests, and esteemed colleagues, it is a pleasure to welcome all of you and have an opportunity to give this presentation. My name is Tyke Pigeon, and I am the spokesperson for this term's Y Factor Project. I am pleased to represent a brilliant team of hardworking trainees who have been given the opportunity by the Committee of the Regions to lead our own independent project. For this project we have decided to focus on the war in Ukraine and its impact. Russia's violent act of violation of Ukraine's sovereignty and integrity has brought a shocking end to an unprecedented era of peace in Europe, and will take years and most likely decades for us to learn of its final consequences. However, for the past four months, my excellent teammates have been investigating what the perspectives of today's young people are on democracy, local and regional government, European values, and how these perspectives have been affected by the war. Through research and through a series of interviews we have conducted with young European citizens and with young Ukrainians. From our findings we have produced two things. The first is a final report in which we delve into our research at length and analyse the responses of our interviewees. You can find it on the Committee of the Regions webpage and you can also find it by scanning this QR code which you will find on many of our posters and on our information desk outside. The second is a documentary which we have titled Holding Hands and for which we will show you a quick trailer shortly. The documentary will be premiered in an event on the 14th of July between 5 and 6pm at the Committee of the Region premises in the OREM auditorium. Afterwards it will be available on the Committee of the Regions website and accessible on the YouTube channel. Before I go I would like to express my sincere thanks to the Committee of the Regions for making this project possible and I would like to express my deep gratitude to the wonderful team of my fellow trainees and for their incredible efforts in creating this amazing achievement. Really if you would give an applause and credit please give it to them. Thank you all very much for your time and please enjoy the trailer. Thank you. In 2022, Russian troops launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. What we need is to have all the EU countries standing together. No war, no lessons from the history. The fallout is clearly at the level of the gas price and the emissions. In this documentary, young citizens of the European Union and Ukraine face on the war identity, safety and democracy. I want to have a future, I want to have a career, I want to have a family. The idea of Europe is very present. I've been to Poland to rescue my family so I saw it with my own eyes. Discover their emotional stories and the Y Factor project holding hands. Thank you so much for this presentation and for your work and for your help at the Committee of the Regions and especially for taking the time to draw attention and mobilize yourselves to this issue so important as this is the war on Ukraine. So congratulations once more and thank you. Now, ladies and gentlemen, we have, we still are, we remain ahead of schedule. I think it would be wise to have a short break. Please don't go too far. So at five, we start with the launching of the Alliance for the reconstruction of Ukraine. Thank you. We'll be back in a few minutes.


Hello in this lecture, we will be working with a problem with a partnership where one partner is selling the partnership interest Either to another individual another partner or selling it to the partnership itself We're gonna have a couple scenarios. We have three scenarios that we will work through on this We're gonna have the information for the problem on this side We will then input that information into a worksheet here Then we'll put that information into a journal entry see what the journal entry would be related to these transactions and then have a trial balance that will post those journal entries and See what happens in relation to other accounts. We have a very simplified trial balance We can concentrate of course on the capital accounts in our partnership. So we have assets here We have our liabilities the capital accounts of where we're gonna focus They will populate once we start to enter information into this worksheet. Then we've got revenue and expenses down here We're gonna post our beginning balance, which will populate once we put in the beginning capital numbers Then we're gonna see what happens and we're gonna get a quick entry so that we could see what happens within a balancing area of the trial balance in the ending balance over here, then we can also check out the Accounted equation where we have assets equal liabilities and owners equity and see how that should stay in balance as we post Through this as well. Alright, so let's see what we have here first the most simplified Transaction of the ones we'll take a look at record journal entries and post transactions to the trial balance so the partners are MB and L partners share income and loss in a 3 to 5 ratio now First thing we're gonna have to decide what does that mean 3 to 5 ratio here? This is one way that we can present the ratios if we had two partners Obviously the the most simplified way of saying the split would be something like a 50-50 split But some sometimes it actually would be better to have a ratio analysis such as this if for example the Percentages are not exactly even so in this case what the way we're gonna calculate the percentages is will add them up So three two and five out to ten and then we're gonna say well the first partner It has three out of the total of ten. So if you see some Written out like this, then the way we can calculate it is we're gonna say for M We have three out of a total of three plus two plus five ten three divided by ten and that will give us our percentage now, of course, I have it in the Format of a decimal in this case if we wanted to make it a percent we could go up here into the home tab and go to numbers group We can hit percent thirty percent. So then we're gonna have B So B has the two the two part of it So we're gonna say this equals two divided by the total three plus two plus five ten and that will give us a 20.2 if we want to make it a percent we go to the home tab alignment Percentage twenty percent then Elvin is gonna have the five over ten So we're gonna say this equals five over ten and that will give us point five And if we want to make that a percent we'll hit that percent sign if we add these up I can highlight these three the thirty the twenty the fifty adds up to of course 100% I'm gonna sum that up over here just to prove ourselves that that works out screen equals SUM Double-click on that some function highlight the thirty the twenty the fifty and enter so we have that information We're gonna start with the beginning capital balances. I'm gonna give us the beginning capital cap balances for this particular problem So there we have them there and these will be the beginning capital balances note that that will then populate our worksheet over here So in our beginning capital gap balances for MB and L we have 151 to 124 to 264 six respectively note that in a partnership I it doesn't necessarily have to be that the This for example for M is thirty percent of the total that does not have to be the case Because the draws might differ there what does have to be the case is this is basically the percentage Ratio for net income allocation. So when we think about allocating the net income It's in accordance to these percentages. However, the Total in the capital count may not be and most likely will not be 30 for M in this case of the total So keep that in mind as we go through this problem in this first scenario. We're saying that B Sells capital interest to new partner in after the transaction was approved by the other two partners So B here wants to sell a partnership and they're going to sell it to another individual in so the other individual We need to have approval from both M and L In order to allow the new partner in if they give the approval then Note where the transaction is happening here. It's happening really between B And the new person in who isn't in the partnership yet So the actual transaction the money's Exchange in hands when we ask our first question, which is always is cash affected in this case No, it's it's not affected because the money is going to be partner Not the partnership and therefore B is selling their partnership interest Directly to the new individual and the new individual is going to get the capital So really in terms of the partnership and again the other partners have to agree with this But in terms of the partnership all that's happening Is that this B capital account is now going to be Going to end so we need to take B off the books B's gone as far as partnership is concerned And is now in its place Therefore, uh, we can say well in needs to go up We need to increase in and we need to decrease the B capital account So we can look at the B capital account and say well B is on the books at 124 to be sold The shares there therefore that needs to go down to zero. How do we make something go down to zero? We do the opposite thing to it, which in this case would be a debit This is a credit represented by the brackets around it We need to do the opposite, which is a debit to make it go to zero So i'm going to copy this i'm going to right click and copy go up to i4 Right click and paste it one two three. So we're just going to paste the values only not the rep not the sell pasting it one two three And then we're going to credit of course the uh New partner in capital accounts. So in needs to be on the books in is of course at zero We have we're making a new account for n and so we have to make it go up We're going to make it go up in the credit direction Therefore, we're going to do the same thing to it as what it is all capital accounts have credit balances We're going to credit it again making the credit go up for n So i'm going to copy that We're going to put that on the bottom because credits generally go on the bottom right click and paste it one two three Now the confusing thing about this is is that if we look over here, it says well b got Uh one hundred and twenty dollars, but the capital account says that uh, there's One twenty four two in there and so those don't match obviously that b got a different amount of money Then the capital account is saying the capital account is basically worth And that's that's probably going to happen It generally is not going to be perfect in in terms of of the money We will be using in terms of the partnership the one twenty four two So what happened between Um b and n is they negotiated the price that they believe the Partnership interest is worth and we are going to then transfer the partnership interest Over to uh from b to n so you might be asking well, why how could that happen? Why would um We ask for a price or sell partnership interest for something other than The capital account which should represent the value of the company and and of course they're Because if we take the assets minus the liability The value the company should be the five forty and one twenty four two of that is allocated to b So why would b sell it for less than the capital account value? And the reason there could be different reasons for that But part of it could be that there's some types of intangible assets that that are involved in it It could be that's you know b has to has to go and and is pressured to leave Uh in a more timely fashion So there could be various reasons for that But the sales price does not have to match the amount in the capital account In this case, we're going to take the amount in the capital account one twenty four two Because that's the amount that we need to transfer from b to take b to zero And transfer to n so we're going to have a debit and a credit I'm going to represent the credit with a negative number So notice when I put the negative here and put negative of that So or you put just a negative one twenty four two I'm going to put negative of that so I want that I want to flip the sign That'll put the credits around it because of the format of the sell in excel And so now I'm going to scroll over here and we're going to post that so we can see everything So we're going to scroll down here and obviously we are in The b's capital account in sell seven We're going to select equals point to that one twenty four two What's going to happen b's going to go down to zero, which is what we want because uh b is now gone And no effect. I mean now we're out of balance. No effect on net income now. We're going to go to n in o nine equals the one twenty four two and once we hit enter we'll go back in balance and We'll be at one twenty four two four in So no all we did was move the capital account balance from here to here and now in is in there. That's the most simplified Uh Method that we will have just remember that uh, the amount that we're going to need is what is in the capital account not Uh, the sales price move it up. I've got the second scenario down here So now we want to take a look at the second scenario where we have the same starting information But now we have the b sells capital interest to the partnership for cash of two hundred thousand So now instead of selling it to a third party We're going to sell the partnership interest actually to the partnership So the partnership is going to pay The b for the partnership interest in the amount of 200 000 at the end of the day We're going to go from three partners down to two partners b is going to be basically bought out by m and l so first off i want to take a look at the uh Journal entry and then go back to The worksheet here to see what we're going to have so first question is cash affected And and the answer here is yeah, the partnership is paying b in order for uh b to acquire these capital interests So therefore the cash is going to go down Cash has a debit balance. We need to make it go down. How do we make something go down? We do the opposite thing to it which in this case would be a credit So we're actually going to credit cash to reduce cash So let's think about that first going to copy that I'm going to put that on the bottom So I'll put it right there in sell i 18 right click and paste it one two three Cash is going to go down. How much is it going to go down by the amount that the partnership will pay In terms of the agreement was 200 000 and that that number of where did they come up with the 200 000? They negotiated for the 200 000. So we're going to say credit I'm going to put a negative of 200 000 to represent the credit and when we hit enter it'll put brackets and the comma in there So that's that's going to be the credit and then what's going to happen is we want to reduce b's capital account to zero So here's b's capital account b is now gone. Therefore that capital account needs to go away Now note that there's not 200 000 in there and once again We would think that in a perfect world the capital account would represent the value of the business But in this case the capital account is 124 2 which is a lot less than the cash that the partnership is willing to pay to buy b's capital balance out Again, there could be multiple reasons for this there could be intangible assets in the business that aren't reflected in the business and or The asset prices may need to be revalued. That may be why there is a difference here between the value of the capital account and The value that is being paid out could be who could just be that that m and l really want to Go on with business without without being our willing to pay a premium to do that But for any instance that that could very well happen We need to take b off the books at this amount. However, so b's on the books at 124 2 And that's a credit. We need to make that to go down. So how do we make something go down? We do the opposite thing to it which in this case would be a debit So i'm going to copy that i'm going to put that on top and i'm going to right click and paste it 1 2 3 So there's the debit the debit's going to be for 124 2 Not 200 000 and then of course we have a difference here. We have a difference if we highlight both of these We're going to need more debits of 75 8 So where are those going to go? They will go to the remaining two partners, which is m and l so m and l are going to have to Reduce their capital account by the difference Now how are we going to do that now? We're going to take a look at the worksheet and say well How are we going to split that difference between those two partners? Well, we know that B is going to go away and we had a 30 20 50 split So one way we can think about this is we can have a new ratio What's the ratio going to be after b is gone? It could be we could think of equals The three Over in this case we had three out of ten and now b is gone. So we got three out of eight three over eight Now after b is gone and that gives us point three seven five If we make that a percent we go to the home tab Numbers percent there we have it. How about l l was five out of ten And now l is going to be five out of eight because we because b's gone So five out of eight five and three. So we're going to say this equals five over divided by eight And we will come up with Point six two five. We want to make that a percent home tab Numbers group percentage there we have that so we could break that that Difference out in that format now. What's the difference going to be the difference? We need to break out It's going to put that here equals


From around the globe, it's theCUBE with digital coverage of AWS Public Sector Online. Brought to you by Amazon Web Services. Hi, and welcome back to theCUBE's coverage of AWS Public Sector Online. I'm your host, Stu Miniman. Really excited always when we come to the AWS Public Sector show, it's not only governments, but you've got nonprofits, education, and lots of phenomenal use cases from the practitioners themselves. Really happy to welcome to the program Dr. Sergio Papa. He is a radio diagnostic specialist at the Centro, Diagnostico Italiano, of course, in Italy, if you can't tell by the name there. And Dr. Papa, thank you so much for joining us. Why don't you start with a little bit, your role at CDI. Thank you for your invitation. And I am the director of the diagnostic imaging department and the radiotherapy and nuclear medicine. We are a very huge institution in diagnostic area in laboratory and diagnostic imaging. I think one of the biggest in Europe. Excellent, and of course, one of the very relevant things to talk about, you have a project called Artificial Intelligence or AI for COVID. Maybe explain to us a little bit about what led to this and how this, what the goals are for this project. Yes, we, as you know, as you also are today, we were in the February March in the middle of the biggest pandemic we ever experienced in the past. So we were thinking about some new, new, new method, new, new methodology to give an help, to even hand for this important emergency. Central diagnostic with AI is working from three or four years around artificial intelligence in diagnostic imaging. In particular, we are working very hard in radiomics after if you need, I can talk, I can speak about the radiomics methodology that we are using. So we had the idea of applying radiomics method on diagnostic imaging, in particular, Tristics Ray, with the purpose not to have the diagnosis for this patient. It doesn't matter for us. We were focused on predicting the clinical outcome of this patient. I mean, all these, all the people already diagnosed with COVID-19 virus where they had X-ray examination. Then after we applied over this very huge number of X-ray examination, radiomic methods to understand what could be the clinical output of this patient. So I mean, dividing the people going well and then people, otherwise, that were going to a reversal of the illness, I mean, to critical therapy, even to the death. So we were trying to divide to groups of this patient. Yeah, absolutely. So important, of course, once you have that diagnosis to understand who needs the most treatment, making sure that hospitals can put the right resources in the right places. So really impressive to do something like machine learning on this in a relatively short period of time from when this whole pandemic has started. Help us understand a little bit, what are the underlying technologies? How does AWS fit into this whole discussion? The support of AWS is in many different areas. The first is we are trying to develop a platform without AWS that's useful for the hospitals, for the institution to store in a unique imagery set. All the images coming from different institutions. So we don't need anymore to send the images in anyway. This is the first aid that AWS can give to us. Second is the use of machine learning models to analyze these kinds of images coming from X-ray chest through AWS systems. The third, I think, could be an aid in generating the structured reports for this patient. And moreover, the identification of patterns, different patterns that we can find inside the images. This concerns the radiomic theory. I mean, inside the images, there are many more information than what the radiologists can get from. So artificial intelligence can help us. So AWS can help us to detect all these kinds of patterns that we want to collect for our study. And the fourth reason is, for the aid that AWS can give us is to share this kind of modality with other scientific centers or research center. And not only for this specific pandemic now, but also in the future. Maybe we will have... We do not hope this, but we could have the second wave of the pandemic. There are many signals about this in China, also in Europe. So this will be useful in the future to find the second wave of this pandemic. And also the final reason is that we will share all our results of this study with all the scientific community. I mean, we will improve an open access model together with AWS to share this information with all the scientific community in the world. It's wonderful that this information can be shared broadly across the community. So important for tackling this challenging pandemic. I'm curious, has your unit or had you used artificial intelligence machine learning before? I'd love to just get a little bit of background on how much you've used this technology, how accessible it is to be able to leverage it for new use cases like this.  If I check an image in a CT scan or in an XA, I can see inside that image, the maximum that I can see is 10, 15, the maximum different patterns. I mean the volume, the dimension, the growth, which is the way of taking contrast media or different sort of washing, wash out. But with my eyes, I can see 10, 15 different patterns. If the machine system examines the same image, it can reach out hundreds of patterns that I cannot see. So we can detect all these patterns in different images. We can collect this, machine learning system can work on this and put together all the similar patterns or they can be divided in different clusters. And then the system has to compare all this difference cluster of group or patterns with a very huge database that we built before. Comparing and trying to understand which patterns are linked to a different outcome. So we can say, okay, this image has 20, 30, 100 patterns that suggest to us that the destiny of deletion will be one specific while another deletion that for me is exactly the same with my eyes. Systems will tell us that the deletion are really different. Their destiny is really different. This is the radiomic theory and this is what we are applying in our study on X-ray chest in COVID passion. As I said before, we select only positive patient. I mean, all people that is for sure they are positive to COVID and in the first X-ray chest entering the hospital we try to evaluate from the first chest X-ray what will be the real destiny of the patient, better or worse and then we can also predict, try to predict obviously how many intensive care beds are necessary in that institution. We can set the therapy and adjust the therapy for the different kind, different group of patients. It could be a very big help to an institution, to an hospital, especially in periods like in our March or April when every day in every hospital in Northern Italy they were entering 200 person per hospital. It was a dramatic situation. Excellent. One of the other things that this pandemic has done is it really required some strong coordination between both public and private entities. If you could speak a little bit to that, my understanding is that AWS has also helped support this with the donation of computational credits. I believe it's the AWS Diagnostic Development Initiative. So help us understand how the finances and the partnerships between public and private help everyone really address this current challenge. Well, the support from AWS for us is very important because now in this way we can use a lot of computing systems much more than what you had in our institution. And moreover, I think that sharing our information with all the scientific community at the end of our study, it will be a very, very important thing to do. Now we are beginning to appear on our drawer, not on our websites, some effort to share information about COVID. Our study could be really one of the most important. Great. Final question I have for you, Dr. Papa. Give us your ideal vision going forward. You talked a little bit about how, you know, the importance of this to be able to watch and be prepared for a potential wave two. Where else is this research relevant and where do you see this project going forward? Well, our study is focused on pneumonias from COVID-19 but the methodology can be applied in every kind of intestinal pneumonia. I mean, this is one of the first effort that is made in radiomics to segmentate one full organ. Usually in radiomics we study the single lesions or little areas, I mean nodules or metastases or primary tube. This is one of the first, very first important studies where segmentation is dedicated to the whole organ. I mean, all the lung, both lung. In every patient we segmentate the right or left lung and in order to study diffuse pathology, in this case, pneumonia, pneumonia, intestinal pneumonia that is very different from a bacteria pneumonia. And this methodology at the end of the study will be shared with the scientific community and could be a very interesting advancement in our job. Dr. Papa, thank you so much for joining us and thank you so much for the very important work that your organization is doing to help attack the global pandemic. Thank you, thank you, thank you. I'm Stu Miniman. Thank you for watching theCUBE.


The hacking group often referred to as the Cyber Army of Russia claims to be behind the January cyber attack that caused a tank at a water facility in Moleshoe, Texas to overflow. The EPA was forced to rescind a regulation it had wanted to put in place back in October. That regulation would have forced states to audit water companies. And if their security wasn't up to snuff, force them to bring their security up to snuff. The attorneys general in Arkansas, Iowa and Missouri stopped them from doing that. They went to court and said, this is not the federal regulatory authorities, right? It's the state's right. And the courts agreed. I want government to cooperate to secure these systems, not fight each other. So yeah, okay, maybe you need to protect your state's rights and go to court. That's fine. Come up with a solution at the same time. Stop pointing fingers at each other. This is important stuff. It's serious and it's no time to play politics.


Here's the number one thing I learned about making it easy to organize my first business mastermind. I'm out here at Hyatt Ziva in Mexico on the beach right now. It's beautiful and we've got students here learning for two jam-packed days beginning tonight. Everything that goes into running multi-seven figure businesses. The number one thing I learned to organizing this is use an all-inclusive resort for your first one. That's because you don't have to hire an event organizer and everybody's taken care of. You don't have to worry about food or amenities or entertainment. Let me know if this helps. Peace.


ThinkTek Hawaii. Civil engagement lives here. Research in Minoa. I'm Jay Fidel here. It is Monday at the one o'clock block. We have Andrea Gabrielli from the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, PhD. And we're going to talk about volcanoes, because it's all the rage. We've had volcanic eruption here in Kilauea, and the whole world is talking about it. You know that. Everyone, everywhere, talking about it. Everyone knows about it. It's in the news. People talk about it. We get messages all the time from people. Yeah. And then on top of that, the one in Guatemala, Fuego in Guatemala. That was quite remarkable. It should happen at the same time. And one of the questions I want to put to you, Andrea, is there a relationship here? Is the world having some kind of global exercise here, where they all happen at the same time? Maybe is this some kind of religious expression that we better watch out? Why? Don't worry, Jay. Don't worry. The two volcanoes, it's very remarkable, because both of them began erupting on June the 3rd. Although the big catastrophe with the pyroclastic flows on the volcano El Fuego in Guatemala was after that. But Kilauea also, the fissure eruptions in the lower Puna area started to open up the first fissures on June the 3rd as well. But the mechanisms of eruption and also the geological dynamics that fuel these eruptions are quite different. And we're going to talk about this today to try and do some contrast and comparison with these two. Very different, yet very interesting eruptions. It helped me with one thing. I just came back from Iceland. Wow. And Iceland is a volcanic island. It really is. And right down the middle of Iceland is a fissure. Everybody calls it a fissure. They all speak English. And on one side... Icelandic. You don't want to speak Icelandic. It's a language you've got, you know, stuck in amber in the year 2000 and hasn't changed. But anyway, so on the west side of the fissure, you can see the fissure. It runs north and south all through the... Absolutely. It's the North American plate. And on the east side of the fissure, it's the Eurasian plate. And you can see the two plates. More. You can put one foot on one plate, one foot on the other plate. And you can pretend to be both in North America and Europe. So I made note that I had to come back here and ask you exactly, what is a fissure? The fissure is... So that particular fissure, let's call it, that you are referring to in Iceland, is really the path of the mid-oceanic ridge, which is emerging from the ocean. Because this is basically the area of divergence, if you want, as you said, between the North American plate as well as the European plate. And so this is an area where magma upwells. There is an upwelling of magma. And so the continuous eruptions at this ridge, at this fissure, basically pulls away North America from Europe. They are separated. And that's why we refer... They are separating in the G7 right now. Never mind. We refer as this as the spreading. The Atlantic Ocean is really spreading and continuing to spread. We had various eruptions recently in Iceland. The Vatnajökull glacier, we had an eruption in 2014. A volcano called Bardarbunga began to erupt, creating fissures as well in the central part of Ireland, away from the Vatnajökull glacier. But also we had Eyjafjallajökull, or Grivoth, other volcano which erupted respectfully in 2010, 2011. And we are seeing this activity. This is the same activity that really separates and makes the Atlantic Ocean bigger. So I'm glad you were able to observe. Well, for a geologist, these are the best times. This is a geologist, a volcanologist delight right now, isn't it? Absolutely, absolutely. And Kilauea back here in Hawaii has also been erupting in the most recent time. We've observed on the news that the distractions of the towns of Kapo'ol in the Lower Puna area, about 600 homes have been destroyed. No loss of life. That's right. No loss of lives. And so this is related to the eruption behavior of Kilauea volcano. We have these long lava flows and the explosive activity at the summit due to groundwater interactions with the magma column. But the civil protection, civil agencies, they've been very good at keeping everybody away. The National Park is closed. But also with these lava flows, the hazards are less if you want, not in terms of the property, because these, you know, everything is destroyed. But in terms of human lives, you can walk away from even a fast moving lava flow. Whereas, for example, what happened in Guatemala where 109 people died and 300 more were injured. That's because here we're not talking about lava, but we're talking about a hot mixture of gases and rocks called pyroplastic flows, or pyroplastic density current, which can travel up to 700 kilometers per hour. So you don't really run out. So the difference is really remarkable between these two volcanoes. And if you want, in simple terms, lava from Kilauea is basically melted rock, very hot and melt material from the mantle down below, with a little bit of gas added to it. And that's what drives the lava fountains, for example, and everything. But then as soon as the lava erupts, the gases can escape. Guatemala one is different because it's less material, less volcanic material, less melt if you want, but more gases. And this material is also much more viscous. So the gases are not really being... They can't really escape from this melt. And as a result, since they can't escape, they accumulate and the result is much, much more explosive. That's right, explosive. Absolutely. And those pieces can hurt you.  Well, let's look at Kilauea.  We ought to go through them, yeah? Let's see maybe the first one. So, okay, this one is the most recent map that was available from the USGS from yesterday at 12 p.m. And you can see the extent of this lava flow field. Most of the activity right now is focused on Fissure 8, which is actually building up a cinder cone due to the eruption going on. And then you can see on this map that this Fissure 8 is feeding a channel that goes down all the way to what once was Kapoho Bay, and that's where there is the active ocean entry. The amount of magma or lava that has been discharged as part of this lower Puna eruption is 113.5 million cubic meters of lava, which is basically, if you think about the dump, the garbage trucks, you know, the size, you could fill up about 11.3 million trucks with that, the lava that has been discharged. I don't even know if we have that many trucks here on Oahu. I don't think we're not even close. Yeah, but still it seems pretty much a large amount, and it really is, but if you compare, for example, this amount of lava erupted as part of this episode, it's really half of the amount of lava that was erupted in 1984 by Mauna Loa volcano. So we're still talking about a lot of lava, but still half of what Mauna Loa erupted in 1984. That was the last big one here in Hawaii. For Mauna Loa volcano. And this is all part of Mauna Loa volcano, right? You say Kilauea, but it's really part of the same system, isn't it? Well, Kilauea and Mauna Loa are two separate volcanoes. So they have their own magma chambers and plumbing systems. But if you want, they are fed by the same mantle plume, which originates all of the Hawaiian islands. More pictures. Let's see another picture. Okay. This one is above, you can see a cartoon, a schematic, which was prepared by Professor Scott Rowland at the University of Hawaii. And this is really just to summarize what has been going on at the Kilauea volcano. We have an eruption going on in the lower part of the volcano, the Lailani Estates eruption. And this eruption is droning magma from the summit area. So the summit magma chamber, the whole summit is subsiding, meaning that the magma from the summit is moving down onto the East Drift Zone and being discharged in Puna. And this is, and you can see a picture on the right, USGS pictures on June the 9th, 2018. That's the Fisher 8th. Oh, yeah, just a couple of days ago. And that's what we were talking about, the Fisher 8th, that is feeding that lava channel that you can see coming out of the main vent. Now what we see in the bottom right picture, that lava, is that more liquid than viscous? I mean, what is that like, the consistency of it? It's like melt rock, but still with not very, not a lot of gases dissolved in it, so it doesn't explode. Yeah, and it doesn't move that quickly. And it moves fairly quick, yeah. You can out walk it though. Well, yeah, if it's in a channel like this one, for example, you can see it can retain the heat and it can travel very fast. Right now, we're seeing a high discharge rate as part of this eruption. It moves quite fast and it's feeding an ocean entry five kilometers down slope. So it's pretty intense. But the subsidence that I was mentioning before due to the eruption in Leilani Estates is also causing something very interesting that you can see on the bottom left picture. That was acquired on June the 6th and you might not even recognize it, but that's Halema Omao. The bottom dropped out. The crater on the summit caldera has dramatically changed. Dramatically changed. So you can see in the pictures, basically, the former lava lake has dropped. You can see the former bottom, but everything has changed dramatically and the entire northwestern rim of Halema Omao is sliding inward the crater. All the fractures and folds and the scars, basically, that you can see on the right-hand side of this picture. So it's really impressive. We're talking about millions of tons of lava here. There's a lot of material. It's very interesting to give numbers to this phenomenon that we're looking at. The subsidence at the summit was basically 1.5 meters, meaning that the whole volcano, the summit, basically, went down 1.5 meters as a result of this subsidence, as a result of magma moving from the summit reservoirs into the East Rift Zone and fueling the eruption in Puna. So as it drops down from the Halema Omao, then it sort of finds a way... Well, that first chart, the top left, it finds a way elsewhere and comes out and forms a river that goes down to the ocean. That's the lava that dropped out of Halema Omao. Halema Omao, and it's going underground, basically, into the plumbing system of the volcano. It emerges in Puna at the Fisher 8 and then it continues down the Rift Zone. But let's talk a little bit more about these dramatic changes at Halema Omao, as I believe we have another picture that we can see, maybe. So this is a mosaic that was put together by, again, Scott Rowland at the Department of Geology and Geophysics at UH Manoa. And on the left, there is a satellite picture of Halema Omao in 2000. This is a paper published by Pete Moghini's Mark and Harold Garbele, who are also at the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology. So you can see the circular shape. And then on the right, there is a U.S. GS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory drawn, acquired images, a series of images that pictures the new Halema Omao, how it changed. Just last week. Just like last week, June the 8th. And you can see these two pictures are the same scale. So you can see how, really, basically, the right, the eastern side of Halema Omao collapsed. But then you also see that the northwestern, so the left side in this picture of Halema Omao, resends all these scars and fractures because we are observing the sliding of this part of Halema Omao. And that photograph on the right, what's the dimension in miles? It's about 800 meters, the diameter, yeah. Half a mile. Yeah, but it grew a lot as part of this activity. And the subsidence of the main edifice of the volcano is causing a lot of earthquakes at the summit. So we are seeing, really, a lot of earthquakes. When we come back from this break, we're going to find out how you really feel about this as a geologist. What, you know, these are historical moments here in Hawaii. It makes it all worthwhile. We'll be right back with Andrea Gabrielli of HIGP to see more about what's happening not only in Kilauea, but in Guatemala as well and to compare them. We'll be right back. Hello, I'm Yukari Kunisue. I'm your host of New Japanese Language Show on Think Tech Hawaii called Konnichiwa Hawaii, broadcasting live every other Monday at 2 p.m. Please join us where we discuss important and useful information for the Japanese language community in Hawaii. The show will be all in Japanese. Hope you can join us every other Monday at 2 p.m. Aloha. Living in this crazy world So far up in the confusion Nothing is making sense For the NUS Got the peace solution How to make a brighter day Of the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology talking about two eruptions that have happened pretty much in the same week. They're quite amazing. And me, I was in Iceland looking at two years and a volcano there that actually Andrea has been. He's seen that as a geologist. He went to look. Anyway, so not all volcanoes are the same. Not all volcanic eruptions are the same and that makes it even more interesting to compare the live events that are happening here in Hawaii against the live events that are happening somewhere else and finding they're really very different. So tell us about Guatemala. Absolutely. The volcano, the Fuego is about 44 kilometers from Guatemala City. And so it's a strata volcano so much different from a shield volcano such as, for example, Kilauea or Mauna Loa or the volcanoes that we have here in Hawaii. And the material that fuels eruptions in this particular case is quite different and also the compositions in terms of gases and viscosity is also quite different and the results are also different. So maybe let's have a look at a picture that I have here. Okay, so on the top left you can see from the National Police of Guatemala you can see the Fuego volcano and you can see how different the shape is. It's much more pointy if you want than the nice slopey shields of Hawaiian volcanoes. What's in the foreground? Is that lava coming down? That's right. The one in the foreground is exactly what caused all the fatalities as part of this blast. It's really the deposits from a pyroclastic flow. A pyroclastic flow is a mixture of really hot gases and volcanic particles that travels down the volcano so you can see the scars on the edifice that went down at 700 kilometers per hour. So people, the villages nearby and there was a golf course there, they really didn't have a chance to... Well, I wanted to ask you about that. So if you see it coming down and it looks like it comes down kind of like water so you say to yourself it's coming this way, why don't I run that way? It's not like water. It's basically... It's like hot gases, really what you say heavy if you want that can flow somehow down the slopes of the volcano but we're talking about something huge, something really big. We're talking about in this particular case for Guatemala it's a volcanic column which you can see on the NASA image on the right. That's the top of the volcanic column. You can see Guatemala, you can see Mexico or the States and then you see the clouds are white but pretty much on the center you can see a black spot, sorry, sort of gray spot. That's basically the top of the ash column. Now this ash column was ejected or was blasted out the main vent of fuego, the fuego volcano and then it went up all the way to the stratosphere more than 12 miles high up into the air. That's huge. That's huge. That's 60,000 feet. That's right, but then because of the weight we're talking about the hot gases and rocks it basically collapsed and this is what volcanologists call as the collapsing fountaining. Basically all this gas, all this ash collapsed and started to flow down the slopes of the volcano inundating everything. But we don't... You can't run away. You can't run away. That's right. So you don't really see this kind of events in Hawaii but another thing that really happened in Guatemala was something called lahar. Now Guatemala was after this eruption all this ash and all this material, this volcanic material is loose. It's not attached to anything. So if it rains a lot basically all this material starts to get washed down the edifice of the volcano inundate valleys and villages in this case on the slopes. The water makes it flow then. Yeah, but this is not normal water. It's an Indonesian bahasa word lahar to indicate a mud flow basically. So it is really again really energetic because it comes down high speed but the water is also mixed with mud and so it's really viscous and it's much more devastating than just water because it can tear down walls. And some people also get trapped under this mud and when the flow, when the lahar flow stops it hardens, yeah? It gets hard. And people get trapped in there. So it is really... You can't punch your way through. If you're stuck in there, it's very difficult to... You're entombed. Entombed, that's right. But the mechanisms that if you want them even with all the distractions that we had in the Puna area, 600 homes lost. We remember lots of people. More than 2,000 people lost, had to be evacuated and shelters and everything. Nobody passed away. In Guatemala it was not the case as because of this much more hazardous scenario. And maybe we can have a look at the next slide so we can see a little bit more about the dynamics of them. This is now fuego again. On the left you can see the mechanism that is really fueling the fuego volcano. So we have the descending plate. Okay, we have a convergent margin here. So two tectonic plates are colliding. But what happens is that the denser one, the one that is less buoyant, sinks underneath. In this case you can see the continental one, the continental crust. Now this material as part of Guatemala for example was the oceanic crust that is going under the continental crust. And so this is material that has been soaked at the bottom of the ocean. It's been soaked in water for a very long time. So what happens as this material goes down, the water which is in it subjected to high pressures and temperature starts to melt, it basically gets really high temperatures. And these materials as well as hot sediments starts to migrate into the continental crust. So this is what they call it as diapyrus. And so this hot material from the descending oceanic plate can partially melt the continental crust. And so in the slide basically you can see that as this material rises, so here we're talking about continental crust that has been melt and rises again. But you see it's not... What color is that in the slide? The red dots that come out. That's the crust that has been melted. And what about the beige color on top of that? What is that? That's the lithosphere and the continental crust, the gray one as well. Okay, and then the green, is that ocean? The blue is ocean, the ocean over there. Then to the right that's the mountains. That's the mountain, the volcanic arc basically. And you can see the volcanic opening there. The main point here is that it's continental crust which is granitic which melts and then rises. So really high viscose contains a lot of gas, creates explosive eruptions. In Hawaii that's the right picture. So you can see there is a mantle plume so that's really hot. This is the orange stuff coming out. So the one on the left is fuego, the one on the right is kilauea? It's kilauea, yeah. It's the mechanisms of the Hawaiian volcanoes. So the one on the right, you can see this mantle plume, this buoyant material coming up. And then this material is the one that gets stored into the lithosphere, formed the magma chambers for kilauea, Mauna Loa and other volcanoes. And then it erupts. As the Pacific plate moves northwest then you have basically the hotspot is stationary but the plate is moving and so you have the chain of islands as much as the plate progresses. So it changes where things come up. Absolutely. But again the main point is Guatemala is, if you want little melt, little volcanic material with a lot of gas in it so makes it very explosive. Hawaii is a lot of melt, a lot of material, but with little gases in it. Gas makes the difference and makes it more dangerous. It's really the gas that makes the difference and so that's the difference between the two volcanoes but again two different mechanisms, two different volcanoes, different eruptions style but still disasters. So you mentioned before that you learn a lot when you have this confluence of events, seismic events around the world. What have you learned here in the last couple of weeks watching the eruptions in both places? Well we should mention that I am not part of... When I say you, I mean the research community. Because I am not part of the monitoring team. This is really the USGS that is doing a terrific job as well as Bruce Houghton from the University of Hawaii they're doing a terrific job for this. But this has been for Kilauea this has been a great occasion to learn more about the plumbing system of this volcano and really the structures of the two rift zones and how it really behaves. And so this is going to help in the future to understand more for example about lower rift zone eruptions or even some eruptions and draining of lava lakes and associated explosive activity at Hale Maomao. Because the last explosive event was 1924 at the summit. So really we are learning a lot as part of this. And Guatemala, that's really this really emphasizes again the hazards and the dangers associated with the volcanoes of the Ring of Fire. So the whole area around the Pacific where there is subduction and really we have this very explosive... Look at the large plates the ones that go thousands of miles those plates. Those that can create really explosive eruptions. So Fuego reminds us again of the hazards and the importance of volcanic studies and as well as monitoring developing new sensors such as what we try to do at UH Manoa for my group with Robert Wright for example who is the director of HIGP to try and really be more prepared and provide the early warnings for the populations to avoid natural disasters such as this one that we witnessed of Fuego and Guatemala. Yeah that would have been helpful well in both places but especially in Fuego save lives if they could have said exactly what was going to happen. So we don't really know these days yet exactly what's going to happen maybe in the future I suppose. We need as we said more sensors more observations as well because in these cases you really learn from observations and I believe and maybe we can just remember the website for the USGS the very last slide last slide so we can see yeah because the USGS particularly for Kilauea is doing an excellent job in keeping everybody posted about what's happening so that's the website that you may want to have a look at to have updates on pictures and videos and you know feedback on what's really happening on the big island. There it is Andrea Gabrielli HIGP The Hawaiian Institute of Geophysics and Panathology and the US Geological Survey Oh not me All working together All working together Thank you Andrea Thank you Jay Thank you Jay Thank you Thank you


When the narcissist is faced with a prolonged period of deficient or irregular narcissistic supply, when the narcissist collapses, many narcissists become schizoid, avoidant. They run away from painful reality. They pretend that fantasy is reality. They withdraw. They become hermits. That is the schizoid phase in the narcissistic cycle, an inevitable phase which is often accompanied by mood disorders, dysphoria or depressions of all kinds. Now, during this period, the narcissist only interlocutes. The only presence in the narcissist's life, presence says in the narcissist's life. Are his internal objects. Obviously, since the narcissist avoids external objects, all he is left with are the representations of these external objects in his mind. During the schizoid phase, the narcissist self-supplies. I encourage you to watch the videos about self-supply, links in the description. He does not venture out. He does not solicit. He does not coerce. He does not cajole. He does not compel. He does not beg. He does not impress. He does not communicate. He is avoidant, remember? He withdraws. His life is constricted. So rather than interact with other people, he supplies himself. But self-supply carries with it its own risks because when the narcissist self-supplies, his introjects, the internal objects in his mind, they become the audience. They become his admiring and adulating and affirming public. So the narcissist self- audiences, he develops an internal theater, replete with and populated by numerous internal objects, introjects, voices, memories and so on and so forth. And these become his reference group. He derives narcissistic self-supply from the introjects, from these internal objects. He becomes utterly solipsistic and one would even say psychotic. Clinically, this condition involves delusional disorders and psychotic elements. The narcissist no longer inhabits the external world.  He becomes a recluse. And so in the schizoid phase, when the narcissist self-supplies, his introjects and voices and internal objects are his audience and his public and he can self-motify amazingly by failing at accomplishing something, by getting in touch with his own shame or with his own negative affectivity, early childhood artefacts, the outcomes of early childhood abuse and trauma, the narcissist then experiences modification. It's as if he were exposing himself to his new audience, to his new public, which is himself. So, a narcissist, for example, can suddenly realize something about himself. He can suddenly gain unwanted, undesired insight about himself. And this insight illuminates the narcissist's frailties, deficiencies, defects, problems and inadequacies. And the narcissist then feels ashamed, feels humiliated in front of the introjects and the internal objects in his mind, which during the schizoid self-supply phase, he perceives as external public, a kind of audience, self-audience. Now, this process, this process of shaming oneself, humiliating oneself in front of oneself, this process is known, or should be known, as self-motification. Of course, all of us sometimes are ashamed of ourselves. All of us sometimes interact with voices inside our heads, mother's voice, father's voice, a teacher's voice, a role model's voice. All of us interact with these voices and try to justify ourselves. All of us sometimes feel humiliated and ashamed when we realize that we've done something wrong. This is known as conscience. It's a cluster of introjects. So this is not a new phenomenon. But in the case of the narcissist, because of his fragility, because of his vulnerability and all narcissists are compensatory.  It compensates for an innate sense of inferiority, inadequacy known as the bed-object. So when you, as a healthy person, when you get in touch with your shame, with your conscience, when you castigate and chastise and criticise yourself for something you've done, this would usually yield behavioural modification. You would change your contact, you would make decisions, you would make choices that would guarantee that this kind of shame would not recur, would not happen again. In short, in a healthy person, shame, negative affectivity, guilt, conscience, they lead to growth. They lead to personal development. In the narcissist, shame and similar negative effects, envy and so on, they lead to disintegration. They lead to a process known as decompensation. The narcissist's defences are deactivated. The narcissist then is left face-to-face without any protection, any firewall, any partition, face-to-face with his primordial, atavistic, early childhood, profound shame, profound rage, profound envy, deep seething, unrequited. The narcissist reacts. The narcissist essentially falls apart and this is self-motification. So it is possible for the narcissist to modify himself by acting in a way which he would consider to be shameful of humiliating in front of the introjects of the internal objects in his mind. Because remember, the narcissist cannot tell the difference between internal objects and external objects. He's exactly like the psychotic. He cannot tell the difference.  So in the schizoid self-supplying phase, self-motification does happen sometimes. The narcissist is aware of this risk, of this danger. So what he does, he stalks. He self-stalks. He stalks his internal objects. He internally internalizes stalking. It's a form of maintaining introject and object constancy by revisiting, by monitoring, by surveying, by supervising, by micromanaging the galaxy of internal objects and introjects and voices in his head. The narcissist is trying to make sure that these voices will not gang up on him, team up on him and cause him modification. And he also attempts to make sure via this self-stalking that these internal objects will not abandon him, will not suddenly evaporate or disappear or be rendered persecutory. So he stalks his internal objects in order to maintain the constancy and quality of his introjects. The borderline does the same, by the way. She stalks her internal objects. But she stalks her internal objects because the borderline has no introject constancy. So she needs to revisit her internal objects to convince herself that they're still there. That's not the case with the narcissist. The narcissist is very powerful, dominant. I would say overwhelming introjects. That's not his problem. His problem is object constancy. But when the introjects are the only objects, which is the case in the schizoid phase, when there isn't an external object to correspond with, to correspond to the internal object, then the internal objects in the schizoid self-supplying phase become the only exclusive objects. And the narcissist treats them the way he would treat you as an intimate partner or a source of narcissistic supply. The narcissist develops a relationship with his internal objects that resembles a relationship with an external object. So he would idealize the internal objects. He would revisit them. He would stalk them. He would maintain them. He would sometimes devalue them, et cetera, et cetera. If he, when he reaches the stage of devaluation and discard and renders the internal object per secretary, that's when self-motification often happens. His desperate attempts to avoid this outcome are sometimes not successful. All the stalking in the world and all the revisiting in the world and all the surveillance in the world. All this leads nowhere in some cases. And that's when the bad object is extremely powerful. When the bad object is really, really domineering and really, really ubiquitous and evasive, the narcissist's relationship with his internal objects will inevitably result in devaluation and discard and self-motification. The narcissist goes through loops and cycles of relationships with external objects and with internal objects, as though there were no difference between them. Sometimes he interacts with you out there, external, separate, as an intimate partner, but make no mistake about it.   And to continue the relationship internally. And of course, like every relationship, even if it is with an internal object, the cycle proceeds a pace, idealization, devaluation, discard and potentially modification. This is the narcissist's self-cycle, self-supply, self-stalking and self-motification, without having a self at all.


Here at the California Memorial Stadium I'm Sarah Zang at the 2018 CalSpring game with Ray Hudson. You're out here playing alongside and against your own guys. What do you love most about this environment?  You butt heads from time to time now you get to put on the pads and see who can actually tackle and who can break a tackle so it's always fun to get a little competition in there and knock some heads. After your performance today what aspects of your game are you looking on improving? I think the biggest thing is just working on as a tight end working on blocking and catching being able to be a dual threat and then once we get in the red zone being an option for somebody just throw a ball up and come down with it for the score. Coming into the spring game what's the team mentality like is it like a conference game or is it more relaxed? It's definitely a little bit more relaxed you don't have the hotel the night before and then the busing in and all the pre-game prep but I mean mentality wise each individual gets ready in a different way some guys mentally prepared for this as a practice and kind of work through some other guys especially the younger guys kind of get a little bit more amped up for that but for the most part you want to kind of just stay even keel and just treat it like another practice go out and work hard and just same effort. So this upcoming season marks the sixth year for you what's gonna be different about this year? Yeah I think it's a little bit different a lot of the guys that I've played with growing up and then just kind of through college are gone now so it's more just having the maturity and the all the things I've learned over those years and kind of using that and teaching the younger guys and just working through it and becoming that leader that I need to be. So your uncle Bernie Kelly definitely left his legacy on Cal athletics winning the 1957 College World Series in men's baseball how are you going to leave your legacy in Cal football? Yeah Bernie is a big inspiration for me he's one of those guys that came in and got his job done and left his mark so for me it's just coming in here and using all the knowledge I have and giving back to the guys that are gonna be leaving their mark after me and hopefully a Rose Buller too definitely wouldn't hurt so no just as much as possible just showing the guys what it takes to work hard and get better and just pushing myself day in and day out. Thank you so much for joining me today Ray. I'm Sarah Zane with Cal TV Sports and I've got some with Cal football. Go Bears!