What is up hot makes I'm nerdy Jay Jim from the edge of tech. This my friends is Caleb. How you doing Caleb? What up? Shannon are still in the background. That is such that is such a habit. Sarah. How are you doing? We've been a day. Yeah, it's been a day. Well, it's it's actually been a Monday. I just want to let you know it's Monday. It looks like you're it looks like you're crafting in the back there or something. And she's nominal at it. That's not where you just like dump a bunch of water on some paint and see what happens. That's exactly what it is. Actually, I have to wait until after the show where he's going to get mad at me. I love it. So we don't have any Oreos for that either. So yeah, I'm just trying to fix it. Welcome to the show, everybody. Welcome to hot makes. It is a Monday. We're ready to party with you and hang out for the next hour. It is. It's on Monday. Same time is the last 113 episodes. So welcome everybody across the across the spectrum. We got you guys on Facebook on YouTube on Twitch. I think I think you're still on Twitch. Yeah, probably figure out how to log into that and and see how it's working. Also, if you want to check out any of the hot makes we show there's a link in the description below. Click on it. You will find a giant Google spreadsheet and find 100 episode 113 and you can find the stuff we talk about tonight in hot makes. Whew. Also, it's a very Monday kind of Monday. Andrew Rogers. Andrew Rogers is amazing. Give me one second on that. I'll be right back to that. Also, if you want, if you feel so inclined, you can always hit us at the PayPal link in the description below or I believe it circulates in the chat as well. We always appreciate any donations that come our way.  We do this because we love the community and we've been doing it for 113 episodes of this show. And I think 30 something episodes of community showcase was before this. But we love it. We're here. We love to talk about what's going on in the community. We love to show you what's going on in the community and, you know, that's all the fun stuff. We got some fun news tonight. You never know. Dave says it's Tuesday for him. Where are you at, Steve? Oh, yeah. Well, hey, anything like across the pond is Tuesday. Really? So, because they're like ahead. It's like a Beatles song. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Anything across the pond is a Tuesday. I like it. Yeah. Monday Bloody Tuesday. Oh, wait. Yeah. Yeah. That was my favorite Beatles song. That is, that's a Switzerland. Whoa. So he's, he's Swiss on the subject, but we're okay with that. Thank you. Thank you. I'll be here all night for the next hour. For the next hour? Yeah. Andrew Rogers. I got a box from Andrew today. You know, not the only one in the recent time and that's coming. Don't worry this week. I promise we got a cool video on that. But today, I got to make sure there's no, no address here. Today I got this box right here from Andrew and it contains what I believe to be some end scale train stuff. Are you going to open it? Like right now? We could. We could. Why not? Looks like you already are. I'm so excited to see what's in here.  And there's another one wrapped. That's awesome. There's another one wrapped in this bubble wrap here. I could, I could see it sticking out. Let's see. There you go. That's pretty awesome. Let me get that. There we go. There we go. Yeah. A locomotive. Now you can see end scale. End scale is tiny. End scale is my favorite. Yeah. Because it's so tiny. Just because it's so small. Yeah. I feel like there's so much. There's so much in here. I did not. I did not expect this. You didn't see it coming. Thank you. Well, he showed me. He said, the picture of like, he's like, I have, I have some of this stuff. And I did not. I'm going to be honest. I did not think it was this much stuff. I don't want to, I don't want to open this all on stream, but it's like, it's a solid box full of, of rolling stock or train cars. Nice. Some engines. You know, it's locomotives there. And man, this stuff is awesome. Thank you so much. I am, see if I can stop it zooming on my face for five. It's so small. It's so small. It doesn't want to focus. No, it's, it's a, it's because my camera's stuck. There we go. Camera wants to zoom on my face. There we go. So. Yeah. You have a little loading, loading. Yeah. I added, I added a few more pieces. He said, man, thank you. I am so excited. I had a locomotive that I found at a train store. And we were cruising it around the track. Yeah. My, my little guy just loves it for like 10 minutes. We're working on getting all tracks going on this, on this layout that I purchased. Someone made it. But I've, I've found as I was cleaning the tracks, it hadn't run in two or three years and all the tracks were like very dusty and dirty. And I'm cleaning them and getting it ready. Me too. I'm super pumped to go through that box. But thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Super pumped to go through that box, but thank you. Thank you so much, Andrew. But I'm cleaning them and getting them ready. And I don't know if stuff shifted on this layout or the guy who built the layout was drunk. But the little, the locomotive that I did find had those little side rails on it and they're half ripped off because it keeps hitting the walls. So there's some spots. It's too narrow for the locomotive to pass. So it like rubs up against a wall on the left or the right. And so I have to go through and find each one of those spots and like fix it because I can't have these nice locomotives that Andrew sent me being ripped apart. And I'm glad I bought the one. I feel like 28 bucks. It was the only used one they had in this little train store. Right. And it was a Bachman, older Bachman one. And we'll put it this way. I ripped the crud out of it because it keeps hitting spots around the track that I keep finding. So I'm going to have to like find each spot and somehow fix it. And we're going to make that happen before I run the real nice locomotives on there. But I'm excited to see that. Are you going to do a couple of videos about it or something there? Maybe. Maybe I'll do. Actually, I'm talking to a guy named Jimmy and he does the DIY and digital. That's his channel. The DIY and digital. All about trains. And he does end scale. And he 3d prints buildings and he models buildings and sells them. So I'm super pumped to get him on and talk to him soon. Remember when we had the lazy eyebrow on to show off his transformer. Yes. Yes. Do you remember what scale that was? I don't think it was end scale. I think it was larger than that. I think it was. Oh, wasn't it? Oh, the bigger was bigger. What is N and O scale? I don't remember. If someone remembers, let us know, but I'm pretty sure it was bigger. So there's, I don't really know like the technical reasons behind or like the names behind of the scales. I just know that they're, they're the different sizes of engines and the different like gauges of track basically. Yeah. So like N scale is going to be the really tiny detail. Yeah. Well, there's even smaller larger ones. There's even smaller than N. I think there's like Z or something like that Z scale. Yeah. Which is even small. I'm like, I don't need micro machines. I'll swallow that. Micro machines are awesome. Yeah. They are. I can't. I can't. These are already small enough.  Yeah. Z is tiny.  It's crazy. Z N H O O G. There you go. What? I need a banana for scale. Please. Yeah. Yeah. We could do that. Fun fact. Yeah. If you, if you'd like a fun fact about trains and Lego. Let's do it. The, in the Lego community, they, so Lego has trains and they have Lego train track, but no. Yes. But the way Lego designs their trains to go on the track, they're not really in a like realistic like scale ratio. Right. Like if realistically the tracks are just massive compared to the engines that they design. So in the Lego community, there's a, there's a large like subsection of the community of builders who make what they call L scale Lego trains where they, they design Lego trains that you can build that are large enough that they kind of, they match the size and the gauge of the track a little bit more. It ends up being large engines that are expensive and the, there's only one Lego train curve and it's too tight for those style of engines. So there's third parties that make like wider curves, basically.  I, I was looking into that. I was looking into printing. It's behind me over here, but I printed the bottom and the sides of a box car.  Power trains are, I can't remember what they call them the, where the wheels are and everything on there. Yeah. It's eluding me, but carriages, carriages. There you go. Carriages. But yeah, so I'm going to try that and we're going to have some fun. It's super cool. I am, I'm pretty excited except for it's taking a lot of time to clean the track and, and actually make it usable. Cause it's sad for a while. Did you see that new Hogwarts Express that they released? What? A new one? Yeah. No. It's massive. I did not, but like it's so large that it doesn't fit on regular Lego train track. There's like a built track platform. It's a Lego one. Yeah. And it's like six or $800. It's one of those like massive. Trucks. There we go. There you go. I'm not even sold. I don't know. It's trucks, carriages, whatever it's called. I, we have a, right. It's, I forgot what scale it is, but they're battery operated and we have a Hogwarts Express.  We set it up. You know, it's battery operated. It's really, it's a lot of fun for him. It has a little like wireless remote. He turns it up and down and he can press all the sound buttons and all that stuff. Nice. But yeah. A lot of, a lot of fun stuff. A lot. I'm making a ton of stuff. I mean, I just did this, this lightsaber that's a print in place 3D printing world, I believe. So you finish your lightsaber. Yeah. Yes. The lightsabers bill. It looks a little less. Shining than I remember it being. Right. My camera's drunk. I think. What is happening? I don't know. I don't know either. So check this out. Just cause. Well, no. There we go. Nice. Printed. This whole thing. I don't know. I don't know either. So check this out. Just cause. Well, no. There we go. Nice. Printed. This whole thing. Including the blade that pops out. Right. This was all printed in like, I think four and a half or five hours on the bamboo. Not bad. Not bad. There are some, there are some, you know, a little bit of issues in the overhangs, but I think it prints in one piece. Right. But yeah, it prints in one piece. It all reaches in. And it's pretty awesome. Straight straight out of the box. It'll do that. But I printed this for my little guy to have something, the fun to play with when he got here. Let me know how long it lasts before it breaks. He played with it for like a while, a couple of times now. When I got here today, I found one of, I found one of these. So you remember. Nice. I'm going to test the durability test, all of this. Yes. Yes. I totally always forget how to say. The name of this, it's like eight G biz or something like that. Do you remember eight? What is, man off to look it up real quick. He did the little mini eggs. Yeah. With the mystery stuff inside and it's, it's on printable. Yeah. Anyways, I took, I took the plane and scaled it up. It's already 300%. I scaled another 300% and printed this today. And you know, it came out pretty good. I love it. Now I'm going to take it home. And like you said, I'll let Tristan do the durability test, but this thing printed pretty, pretty dang good for how fast it was rocking and rolling there. Now I got a, eight, eight or age biz. Age biz. Thank you. So how long did that print take in total? Five or six hours. He said. Yeah. That was nothing. Oh no, not the jet. Not the jet. What was the jet? The jet was, I have it up here. And it was a five hours, 49 minutes, five hours, 56 with the calibration before it. Man, that thing was flying. Literally. Turn the afterburners on and I love it. I'm at work. I was sitting at work and I was like, you know, I want to do this. And I was able to do this with their app. I actually remoted to my PC and printed this, but I was able to watch it and check on it from the app. So I love that. I just printed a 400% truck. Awesome. Now you need to print the egg. Yeah. The printer was printed on was the bamboo carbon, or X1 carbon. That one. Yeah. Yeah. I'm super pumped about these are so cool. I want to do, they have the little, what's it called, bulldozer and stuff like that. So I'm going to do all those. One was like a double decker, like transport truck for like cars in it. I have a feeling it was separate little cars. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. I saw that. So that one's pretty cool age, age biz. Okay. There we go. So I'm super pumped to play with those. And the hinged calibration cube as a test print. I use the hinge. Oh, was that the same person, the age biz guy? Maybe. I don't know. I didn't know that. I know what the hinged whatever. Oh, Caleb's layer looks different. I just, I move things around and change the lighting a little bit. Oh, got it. Well, we thought maybe you were in Mexico or. No. No, we can do that. Hang on. We can do the breaking bad Mexico filter. We got this. Are you waiting? Are you waiting for me? Yes. This is weird. No. I don't know what's happening. Any fork lift with 0.2 nozzle? Oh, nice. There we go. Yes. There we go. Now we're in Mexico. That's awesome. That's awesome. That's so harsh on your eyes. No. I'm okay. Okay. Right. Oh, hey, we got somebody joining. Yeah. Yeah. Look at this guy. Look at that. Holy moly. Joe, how are you doing? There he is. Whoa. Good. Can you guys hear me okay? Yeah. We can hear you. Yeah. Awesome. Joe, everybody. This is Joe. How's it going guys? Joe. All over the place, Joe. We'll call him that. I always say makers on podcast, but now I mean, mostly now. Like all the cool stuff light burn. Right. Milk crate. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. So the podcast has a definitely taken a back seat. The last couple, well, last year or so. Sure. We all had a lot of life going on. So the podcast has slowed down quite a bit. But we'll see. There's other stuff. Yeah. No. We're, we're definitely. Watching you on the socials and you get to play with some cool stuff. You're doing some cool things. Right. Yeah. Besides, besides looking at pictures of my crazy CO2 laser right now that is doing some really crazy stuff. I was blown Joe up this weekend. I was like, Joe, what is this? What is happening here? It's circles are not circles. It's, it's all over the place. Circles are not. Are you making circles again yet? No. I did that full sheet and like some of them are great. And then this one will be great. And this one will be completely off. This one will be okay. And this one, it was crazy. After the show tonight, I'm actually going to dive back into that world. But, but yeah, we got some cool stuff coming up. Joe, we have some news. I want to, I want to rock and roll through some makers news and then we're going to talk all Joe stuff. All Joe stuff. All right. Let's do it. We're doing makers news. All right. Let's do it. Let's do it. You're right. It must be some sort of plastic. Yeah. That was awesome. So yeah, we have some cool stuff going on. As you know, last week, we, we announced that Shannon was no longer with us. Her choice. And we are going to keep moving forward. We got a lot of guests coming up. Yeah. No, yeah. Yeah. On the show, on the show. I'm sorry. But yeah, we got a lot of cool guests. Joe included. And we have a lot of cool guests. Joe included. And we have a lot of cool guests. Joe included. And we're going to, my goal in life is to have an extensive guest list going for the next couple of months. And we'll get that, we're going to post it ahead of time.   We have some really awesome people. Like I said, Joe included. So Joe is a surprise. I was like, Hey, are you up for it? And then well, like 10 minutes before the show, he's like, I forgot. Can I still join? I was like, heck yeah, you can join. Welcome. Welcome. Also, we are probably going to start diving into the new co-host world. So if you know anybody that'd be interested, just remember that this is crazy. It's obviously we're doing it for fun. We don't get paid really or anything like that. This is just sheer give back to the community because we love what we're doing. 113 episodes here. And I think, like I said, I did 30 or 33 episodes of community showcase before that. And if you know anybody that might be interested, shoot us a message, hit us in the chat, whatever you want to do. Just remember it's Mondays and it's time, but it's awesome. We have a lot of fun. Anything on that, Caleb? I know I ran through that pretty quick. No, it's good. I think kind of like last time we should just kind of like coast for a little bit and then see like which land or the best kind of like mesh with your personality. Surprise. I was joking. Joe's like, well, what just happened? There was a first come, first serve. Joe had no idea. Honestly, if I didn't have commitments often on Monday nights, I'd be down. Yeah.  And but yeah, unfortunately, we can take care of your commitments. We know people. No, I totally understand. We, you know, it's rough weekly, a weekly show. It's a lot of time. I mean, it's only an hour and a half, two hours total of our night every Monday because we join a little early, maybe 10, 15 minutes early. And then we always talk a little bit late and but, you know, it's time preparing the show. Caleb does a lot of backend stuff, putting the stream together and all that. And then, you know, finding guests and it's a lot of time. But the biggest thing is it's just every week. So yeah, let us know. Let us know what you, you guys think in the chat as well. We have some cool people coming and like Caleb said, we'll probably just coast and see what happens. And like cool people next week, Nick from a channel called Lorecraft will be on with us. That is going to be, that's going to be super awesome. You can find him on YouTube. And I believe on the socials as well. Thank you for fixing that, Joe. That was driving me crazy. He was just slightly out of focus. Yeah, just like, I thought, I thought that was his hip new trend. Yeah. He went with the classic cinematic of just covering his lens and Vaseline before he started. Yeah. But that was, he's actually looking straight into his laser. This is his light burn laser camera. He's got it flipped up ahead of him. So I have called in the meetings and had my laser bed be my webcam because it just shows up on the USB camera. I'm like, oh yeah. Sorry. My laser is full of junk right now. I opened it. Here's nice. Nice. One. And you can get away with that. I mean, he like calling the meeting. Here's a laser. That's what you do. Yeah. Yeah. I love it. But yeah. So, so yeah, we will be right back with another live chat. So, yeah, I'll see you next week. Black Craft Nick will be on next week with us. Super excited to talk to him. I know he's across the pond and it'll be like midnight or one o'clock in the morning for him, but it's going to be, it's going to be pretty awesome to see his work. We should. When he comes on, we should just have some things prepared and he, when he shows up, we should just act confused. Yeah. Be like, well, I, hey on with. We had all this stuff prepared already. Oh, no, that would be funny if he's watching this He knows about it. So I don't know from warcraft warcraft. Can you tell me what it was like being in video games?  We kind of rocked through that but yeah, so Stay tuned a lot of cool stuff coming hang with us have some fun and Spread the word the more people that watch the Marrier obviously but Joe Little bit before we get going. I always kind of do this with everybody. Who are you? Where are you from? Where can we find you and then we'll go from there? Yeah, I'm Joe Spanier For the longest time you would have heard my voice but not seen my face while we had a podcast called makers on tap it was Kind of like Jim Spill we ran it for like three years had about a hundred episodes and It's like it's largely done now and not because of anything in particular we just the three of us had a lot of life going on but You know everybody wants like the drama and there is none where we're all friends I've talked to Aaron and Chris literally every day and we're just all real busy and You know kind of fell out of the groove and but There's there's other stuff that Chris and I are working on and probably Aaron too so We'll talk about that a little later You could find me on the socials I'm Joe Spanier makes on Twitter and I think tick-tock. I think that's my name and Nemesis got robotics on Instagram is that still is that my name or did I change my name on Instagram? I can't When you've been around long enough to not remember your name he's like wait no wait that was a well Give me one second. I need it. I need to bet that was that was BMX skater 14 I Yeah, just being your makes on Instagram, too So, you know you could find me by looking for my name on the things, right?  Absolutely. I mean life happens to everybody In you know, it is what you just keep moving and go to the next like you know One door closes one door opens kind of thing, right? Yeah But yeah, and and I think you're right about it's like if we didn't do this every week It would be much more difficult to actually keep it going because I think you're like well Maybe we'll do it every other week or and if you don't plan it if it's not planned and in stone It just everything else gets in the way because it has to right because life and I think that's one thing that We've talked about changing the days. We talked about changing the times all that stuff on hot makes here And we're just like no, we're gonna keep it here. We know we're here. We know we're gonna be here just keep We did every week for a year and that is a lot Realized how much of a commitment that is and it was huge And then we went down to we shot for every other week But we you know when we started the show, we were this we're the same deal We weren't making money from it. We actively avoided sponsors Even we were offered sponsorships and we you know turned them all down because we didn't want to be beholden to anybody Because of the agreement that we all made with each other that the show is never going to run our lives or get in the way of our lives so That's awesome Shuts off shuts off the stream right now Well, you know, it was It was fun and you know, we did it until it got less fun Yeah And it was never not fun, but like got to the point where like the show became a stressor and We just wanted to make stuff again so Yeah, I I'm with you. I and I Think I think you see that in a lot of long-running YouTube channels. I mean, it's hard I the stuff is everyone out there who says I'm gonna be a I don't know influencer or anything like that Doesn't realize that it's a lot of fun until you realize you have to do Something to make something to and you have to do that over and over and over and you have to document it Yeah, so we can't just make cool stuff that has a cool concept right and you have to figure out how to creatively and visually like Interesting way to document it and then I want to Joe knows then all of a sudden like God you got this new laser, right? Just just an example, but now I need to film the unboxing. So now the unboxing instead of like Being 30 minutes or 20 minutes or whatever it is. It's two hours Very briefly doing yeah that like trying to do the YouTube thing and trying to build a little bit of an audience and that was the thing that like made Me stop doing it was I would get something in whether it was a Lego set or like some sort of something and I'd be like Oh, this is good content and then instead of opening it and enjoying it I would just sit on it for a while because yeah, I had that hurdle to jump over of well I got to get the camera set up and I got to get my lights out See my problem is I don't have that kind of patience New tool day or new toy day comes and I'm like, you know what I can put a box back in the box for the camera and Then I just never put it back in the box, right? Or I'm just like, you know what screw it Livestreams don't have to be edited everybody can Yes, they don't yes Not if you're me yeah, I agree and that's why a lot of boxes and stuff is done live But hey speaking of projects at Murph we saw you at Murph And and you had the milk crate too, right like the second version of it out and it was cutting you were you were ripping into some Aluminum there for a while. Yes So Yeah He has a focus ring he's just like I Love how he's clearly using like a nice camera, but the feed isn't fantastic, so it doesn't What what are you using your shot to you? This is fun. Yeah It's a Sony ZV-10 Okay, sure. Oh, yeah, yeah milk crate nice This is this the second rendition right second version. Oh, that's even oh good lord. Dude. This is like the 19th Well, I mean so this one is what we We jokingly bestowed the milk crate in a door So this is like the ultimate version and boy I could use another light right here because everything in this one is made out of aluminum and It's got linear emitters in all the axes. It's got a one and a half kilowatts spindle for the spindle instead of a trim router What else did I change in this one?  It is the stiffest CNC Like desktop CNC out there When we were at Murph many many people grabbed this thing and just tried to wiggle it they and everyone had advice for me on how to like stiffen it up and I was like, it doesn't need to be stiffer and a couple people were like it could always be stiffer and I was like I dare you to deflect it and It was funny CNC kitchen step on He was like down inside the box like trying to bend the spindle as hard as he could and he's like no This is This is this is good. This is good so Unfortunately, I did break it On the way to maker fest. Yeah. Oh, no, I found the one week part which was the lead nut mount for the z-axis this this spindle weighs like 10 pounds and While I was transporting it to maker fest the the lead nut mount Gave up the ghost. So I have one part I have to fix one part and then I can go back to the monstrosity that is the milk crate in a door I Got admit I am so sad Joe had panels for me at Murph and I forgot them. I Left them there. Please tell me they had a custom logo on them that said water crate That would be funny I Left them there Joe Yeah, Joe has them from our 3d. I think he was gonna bring more. He did bring him to th3d. I Can't remember Tim might have them now, but I burning your own mail services.  He's like I got us. I got panels for you And I was like, yes, I'm gonna check this out and then By the end of Murph we packed up and I was so exhausted and tired and ready to go I totally I was like, I'll be right back Joe. Let me just put this last load in my car forgot and left and then Well, it's I think a couple people said goodbye or I said goodbye and I totally forgot and then I left I'm going down the road like 10 miles out of town. I'm like, oh my god It's like called Tim real quick and they happen to be there or maybe they just left I don't know but they let Joe know to grab them. But Joe had them, but I'm sorry I'm gonna do it. I I got to because that thing looks like a thousand dollars in plywood now. So, yeah It's true. Oh man, but it looks so it's looks so much fun. I you know, I have to actually I'm wearing this shirt I have the one affinity machinist shout out to one affinity you guys are awesome nice and I I need to get more of that on the channel. I think I only have one video on the channel I need to get some more of that I have a very fun video planned Very soon it'll involve Lindsay my wife And and the one affinity so we're gonna have some fun. Okay, um, right, but yeah, Joe I know you were ripping through aluminum with that thing at Murph and I think when you were done You're like, all right. I'm shutting it off for a while Yeah Well what when I finished I was You know, I had been working on the machine all weekend I hadn't really talked to anybody and then it was like, all right Well, the machine's done and it works and I am done messing with it and I don't know where that piece went I had it just recently, but I was like, I'm done messing with it. I'm gonna have fun for the rest of the show Yeah, and so that's what they did It's kind of how we Approach it to we were like we're gonna be there all weekend. We need to do some filming for a video Let's do all of that on like Saturday morning and then shoot a couple shots at the end of Saturday And then the rest of our time is just that's that fun. Yeah. Yeah, and I didn't I I was The table the booth we had was like non-stop all about the X1 carbon Yeah, I was running around like crazy person talking to everybody and That's where I was going and and Sarah and Sarah and Steve Just hung out at the booth mostly talked to people They had no idea anything about but until the end of the weekend they were experts Like pointing out like Sarah's effort to like when we stop when we stop by the table at one point She's like, can you like put down a frequently asked questions or something like that? And like I pulled up the fact on their website and everything and she was sitting there studying it But now it's it's such a cool effort that you're putting in it. It's all open source and and you're doing it yourself, Joe Yeah, I know last time we had you on talking about the milk rate ironically last year after Murph I was like, yeah, it's a kit and you're like, no, it's not a kid. I'm not shipping anything It's more like a bomb that exploded and you have to pick up the pieces. I think that's what you told me or something like that Yeah And I've held I have made a couple panel sets for people and A couple of the the milled parts for people But like they're all people that have contributed to the project and I've you know made those parts for them as a thank you I have no interest in Creating a monster that I have to support. Yeah, so but if someone wants to check it out though They can find the the project out there, right? Yeah Yeah, it's a milk crate CR eight like a skater kid CNC.com So that would be your that would be your new That would be your new AOL name, right? Yes. Yes, exactly. No great CNC Do you see lol or AOL name? Yeah If you had AOL today, there you go, I just put Well, my old one was BMX SK8 ER 14, so Broadcasting on my space now, yeah You can listen to those podcast on your zoom Man, I miss my zoom and that was like the coolest little MP3 player thing. Mm-hmm. Oh man I'm pretty sure I still have an iPod Nano around here somewhere So things that Some creators only want to talk to other creators now I Yes, we all want to talk to each other, but all of us We all want to talk to everybody That's how the vid we'll just call it the vid spread we'll just we'll just leave it at that but yeah So you were saying you were saying you were working on something new now. Yeah, so Chris and I are working on a live stream that we're putting together where essentially it's going to be I'm gonna I'm gonna put a Twitter poll out there and we're gonna vote on three cam software's the CNC or the software that generates the CNC code for a machine like this or the one one infinity and I'm going to basically go from zero to make a part on the live stream and we're gonna we're gonna we're gonna struggle together and it'll be fun and The goal is everyone can laugh at me or give me advice or We can laugh at the software together if the software is that bad. There's a couple of them but I've got I have a huge list of low-cost CAD and cam that I have wanted to play with for years and They when I say huge list the list it's an Excel sheet and it's like a hundred and fifty Live all full of different software. I did not know that many existed It's the most complete list I've ever found and if anybody knows a better list I would like to see it the only list that I've ever seen that came close was the CNC labs list They have a really go really cool like software Picker on their support site and it was close. It had some that I didn't but I have many that they don't Yeah, like someone just mentioned v-carve I think that's more of a popular one. Yeah, Carvco. Yes Carvco. Yeah, Carvco one. I haven't played with Carvco. I have played with Carvco's predecessor So Carvco used to be art cam and it was owned by a company called Dell cam and then Autodesk bought them out when Autodesk buying everybody and then You know, they sold a bunch of people and the people who ran Dell cam bought all their cam rights back and and put out Carvco So I've played with Carvco and it's like predecessor old world. Yeah, but I want to but it's it's it's on the list I have I have a I have a Carvco license if you if you You know want to play with it deeper Yeah, that's that's what I've been playing with my my CNC with just because I found some tutorials. I was like, I'm gonna try this It's not what everybody uses like well, I kind of was weird what everybody uses, right? But it's not the popular one. Yeah And so I was like I want to try the popular one. I don't know what like Whatever he's not using. Yeah, whatever To be fair, I forgot the name of it Let me look here. Give me half a second. So I know it. Okay, so let me see if I understand this correctly you You're gonna put a pull up It was like the part or the software Software software and it's gonna be a software that you haven't used before Yes, and you're gonna go from Not knowing anything about that software to a finished part. You're holding in your hand In one single oh, man. Yeah, that's ambitious. I like it. I like yeah This is gonna be like one of those 24 hour Charity streams or something Nah, two hours should be enough. Hey, so What when I'm thinking is we'll have a benchmark part that You know is like something that you know, not not doing okay, but something this side Yeah, that has many features on it has the slots holes. Maybe something right maybe a V thing I don't know some text and that will be the benchmark and Then yeah, we figure out if we can machine this Isle is one of them.  Yeah, I know well easel easel is kind of like Man, I'm losing all these names because I'm trying to think of them. What's the 3d modeling stuff we had? Thank you. What's the 3d modeling software that the really basic one that's online. Oh, take your cat Yeah, he's like the Tinker CAD of CNC, you know kids that software, right? Am I my kind of yeah? Yeah, isn't it the same company even No easel is inventables Tinker Cads out of out of desk out of desk. I got it got it. Okay. I was close. See, I don't know That's why we need Joe We need to watch these streams so we know these it's like episode of pond stars like We're talking about things we like we need to come up our expert in My buddy Joe, so you're talking like a hundred and fifty episodes No, I'm talking they're maybe I there's 15 cam softwares on the list Okay, so we'll probably throw out a poll of like three or four of them And The fun part is like a big part of what always holds me back from trying these is and most of them have a 30-day trial a Lot of times I'll download the trial installed on my computer and then it disappears into the ether because you know by the time I get back to it. I just haven't had time In a couple of them. I've just couple of these softwares I've just bought and never used because I never got around to it. I didn't have time So this is this is purely a self-serving venture like this is something that I want to do and I think it would if If I'm using the public to hold myself accountable Actually do it so do it. I'll watch let us know in a chat if you'll watch I'm super pumped to see you learn something on a software. You've never touched and then come out apart at the end of the Stream now would be amazing Yeah, so I got to fix the little z-axis Mix up here, but I think we're gonna shoot for the first stream to be next week Nice, okay, so so I want to full disclosure Remember I said I have a car foe Subscription yeah, it may or may not be because I did the 30-day trial and didn't cancel When did I get that friend or November or December? CNC but I you know I've been Using it off and on anyway, so I'm learning with it and I've done some projects that are a lot of fun with it so far So it's not it's not like completely a waste or anything But but it's just funny that you said you do the 30-day trial and you forget Yeah, I need to go but you probably go back and check your bank about bank account because if you're like me Like 10 of them that you forgot about See, I don't I don't do ones where I have to sign up and pay But the one that I did buy that I'm actually really excited to use and I've been waiting for this to use it it's called pixel cam and it is really It looks like Tron cam Okay, and it's It's super fun it's super geared towards like Baz reliefs where you're doing like a like a 3d relief model But it does a lot of really interesting stuff. I've never seen another cam software to So that one will be a bit of a deep dive, but there's a bunch of weird ones like that in this so So You said maybe next week You're shooting for next week. You got to tag us tag the show. Let us know if it's if it's after Monday We'll we'll shout out the stream on Monday next week, too Okay, and I got to tell you I'm there. I don't know what time you're gonna do it I'll find a way to at least listen or watch because I'm super I'm super stoked about that. Mm-hmm. So it will likely be Probably 8 30 Central time is the start because it'll have to be after my kids go to bed or they'll visit the stream Or I'll have to leave and go put them to bed. So I don't know if people like late-night streams I don't care. I'm I can't do it So I get a late night frame or you get nothing right That's perfect for me because that's about the time the little guy goes to bed Well a 7 38 o'clock, you know, we try to get him in bed. So yeah for me Hey, I'm in at least you'll have one viewer But you know, you know, it'll be fun when we do the when you do the carving part Or when you're doing some CNC in general drop it on maker deck people would love to see a CNC running. Yeah, I Don't know if you ever played with maker deck yet, but it's Watched it. I haven't joined it. Yeah, I want to it's Yeah, I can shoot you the invite I know Chris Perlowe's with us right now He can shoot you the invite to on Twitter or something and then you just walk I think you felt a Google form that kind of goes through everything and then it's super simple once you're connected as long as you Have a webcam or something you just jump in it's it runs through stream yard here Just like this does and they drop you into the stream yard with no sound You just turn the sound off and you just do stuff It's it's if you haven't checked it out if you're watching here I I'm everyone here probably has but if you haven't check it out. It's called maker deck on discord You can find them all over the social medias, but it's It would be so cool to see a CNC running on there I have not watched admittedly have not watched enough. I can't tell you I can't tell you if there's been a CNC or not, but I can tell you it would be a lot of fun. Yeah. Yeah, she can help. She's she's awesome I also have fiber laser. I have my big lasers that I can run. Yes, I've got The tourlock laser runs. I don't know anything about fiber lasers, but I might soon Oh Woodturning and modeling nice, but hey, we're I just realized what time it was we're at 62 We haven't busted through any hot makes yet either. So let's rock do it on some hot makes. We'll be right back Let's get some hot makes. Let's do this I saw you panicking in the background. I just realized I didn't have anything open, but then I remembered the first one The first one I got to do a shout-out fix some dude Dude you sent me something so cool video coming this week It's edited and ready to go, but check this out. This came from fix some dude This is a surfing mini-gym. It's on an Oreo on water. Thank you. Thank you Hot makes pants. It's hard to see but it's got rocks Flames on the head. It's got crux flames on the pants I mean the stubble is the stubble is actually filled in which is really it dude You knock this out of the park not to mention you signed the bottom of it for me How is the water? What's the water made out of it's got to be resin printed or resin? Definitely, so cool. I Let us know I'm pretty sure but man this this is I know that that's all hand-painted and stuff and it was a gift to you, but I kind of want one too I want to see what I Man if that I had to show it's hot makes I had to show this before the video went live because Man this this was amazing Not to say everything else I got wasn't I thank you guys ever everyone has sent something in to if you want to do that There's an address. I think in the description But fix them do you man? Nice work. Nice work All right, let's let's jump into these. Okay, the first one I got Says summer vacation is all about cardboard crafts and We'll just do this Yeah, I don't know if I have It's probably a better. I don't have sound right now, but yeah check this out So good What we're going to find out is this is all done with an exacter knife I'm gonna kind of go through here Yeah, I saw the Amazon box on there. That was pretty awesome But this is pretty long yes or something like a shipping company should sponsor his stuff, right? Do I skipped through there we go. Yeah These is so much cool stuff here all out of cardboard come on Okay, that's the Crescent Rose from Ruby. That's really cool. That's cool And it actually transforms. So good. That's awesome. Whoa Oh Sam Prentice Sam Prentice where are you at man? We got we got Something tells me that one's not gonna Yeah, right although that cardboard one is probably still gonna be stronger Look at that. It's so good So So just remember you can make stuff out of cardboard too. That is I'm I don't Yeah, you absolutely should make awesome. It's awesome crafty transformer cardboard DIY. I don't know what that is I don't know if it's the same person. I think it is. Yeah, maybe it is but I'm gonna check it out after the stream and Yeah, so wow, do you have your sound on for this next one? I do I hope so it you share your sound. Yeah, I did okay. I tell you what I'm gonna Just in case I'm gonna share it again, and it'd be a hundred percent share system audio. There we go. I hope you guys aren't ready for this What's falling under me? All right, there we go. This is Well, we talked about Furby's last week, okay? Yeah I Furby's a lot of you have Basement in a cub can you hear it? Mm-hmm. Okay good. What box probably still Maybe there's a use for these annoying What about Furby's on a stick? There's got to be more uses than that surely well for the past few years I've been dreaming up They are heavily sedated. I don't even think they know they're here. It's kind of like the matrix But without the bad sunglasses so good without further ado. Let's flick the collective 75 Furby's It's the worst A couple of them have gone back to sleep I Want to see the part where they go the sound of the Every day we stray farther farther from God's light It's like a course of Furby's right now. It's a nightmare is what it is Yeah, after about seven years, I finally realized the dream which was the Furby organ Thanks very much Goes through how he makes them and all that stuff, but I Love that like the close-up shots are shot and like the handheld like way too close like horror style. Yeah as well Yes, I think this is goals Hashtag life goals. It's not Thank You Brandon for Sharing that That's what that's what nightmares are made of sweepy has enough. She could do it. She can make a bigger one I think she has 75 of them But yeah, Joe anything you're out. You're now done. No no Furby's All right, you're a walker also known as the guy who brought the truckload of spools to to mirf to give to Greengate 3d Here you go, man, this is he says first multicolor Colts 3d biting dragon print is climbing on a dice tower I love as much as Caleb and Sarah There you go It is this is pretty awesome dry a nice work on this yeah, that's the same dice tower. That's awesome Love and now Caleb you need to print a biting dragon. Yeah, yeah, that looks just as easy as the tower All right, what do we got you you got an Artemis that'll knock it out pretty quick. Oh I thought you were gonna like this one a lot Caleb. This is the the highest RPM out of a Lego wheel with no motors Actually, I watch this guy's channel a lot. It's brick experiments. I believe so he has the RPMs down there It's 1,700 ish right there, and then he's like yeah, I'm gonna throw some gear is in there. Oh Wow, you gotta turn the sound on for this here So good This is the same this is the same channel. I'm pretty sure Yeah, this is the same channel that did the the submarine we showed off a while ago. Oh, yeah I want to see this thing go so fast the tire. Let's go. Yeah. Well, there's 6300 I Love how so in a lot of physics you see how the axle is twisting there from the yeah Some of this stuff. He's ordered like custom cnc'd like aluminum axles so that he can actually add more force to the project He's working on Whoa Oh, let's get a pull start for his legos Wow 83 wow, I am really shocked at that That's holding up yeah The sound of that was amazing 1200 or 12,900 RPM.  I'm surprised. It's all holding together But it's still in the chat if you are as well Now when you're wearing a glove because like it probably hurts to pull the string at that point.  Yes, you will Nice work. That is so cool engineering is that Man so good All right, what do we got next pooch? Oh We got pooch who's just talking look at the finish. It's his Proto pasta carbon fiber PETG I can I can attest the stuff this gorgeous. Oh, yeah, that was gorgeous I was shocked that he was able to get that to stick to the belt Well, that's what the I'm not sure if it's a different belt I know he does his voodoo magic on his belt machines and he has like he has that hardened steel from power belt 3d there But it's Yeah It's just it looks so good. Yeah, it does It's never printed I Have a when a power belt one of those power belt or printers I have the tiny belt. I have beta 22. It's never done anything. I think I have 20 or 23 or 4 right around there Yeah, well, we'll talk offline About that one, but I also have the creality and I haven't done anything with it Oh, I printed a few things with it In every time pooch puts out a new update. I'm like man. I really need to get going on that I even have hit all his upgrades sitting on the printer I Too I have the motors. I'm trying to remember what I got from him. I bought I bought some stuff to you I got motors LDO motors forum Trying to remember what's all back there same thing. No, they're just sitting on it So I need to get on that if anyone around I have another one. I have my Kickstarter one too. I've never So I have the one Naomi sent me and that was the one I unboxed originally and I have a Kickstarter one That's not even bad at all if you're out there and you're near me or you want it I'll hook you up a very very good deal. I bought it myself, but I'm probably honestly never gonna unbox it or use it because I don't have time So yeah, yeah, I know Shane had one for a bit But what else we got here Stephen John lions, we're gonna rock and roll for the last couple ones I know we're five minutes over but this is that cap tubes try color Filament I have some of this from like two or three years ago Murph 2019. I think that film. That's so cool It is it's such a good He put it by a hot cup of coffee in it and that's how he got to take change here But it does three colors thermally, which is really cool stuff awesome So nice job on that Stephen lions Another update here for Ali Ali specknola last week we saw the a chia the chia seat This week she decided she's gonna do Let's see kind of she went the Evan and Caitlyn route and I believe she's Let's see Yeah Isn't she the one that did the chia seeds? Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, so good.   Yes 3d print bunny Never ever ceases to amaze us. I this is some sick stuff and It is amazing. Look at this Oh, okay. Oh, it's so good It's I don't know how I don't know how Yeah, the bridging is insane I Agree the bridging in this she explains that she made made using four sets of spiraling strings Rotating and or mirrored and slightly offset in the z-axis so they didn't overlap in the center I wonder how fragile it is like I wonder if it might be surprisingly strong for what it looks like How do they model it? Like Right, I love the cool like so go go back a little bit more in the video So like when it's when it's spinning around on the turntable thing I love how you can see how like the cool shapes that kind of show up the curves that show up in the middle of it That's so cool. Yeah Thank you for pointing that out It's She's got your back, yeah It is it's awesome to watch that It's it's so good nice work 3d print bunny Excellent, that's the updated it printed. I'm so happy with this this part is little bruises printed this there we go That's so cool Yeah Well, that is awesome. That is just Yeah, that's so good. I don't know what else you can say about that like When she started doing the Tensegrity stuff that was that was awesome like that right there was like Yeah, you did some really cool stuff with Tensegrity with stringing on 3d prints and now it's escalated You turned it up to 11 I really need to know how they do how they model the string portion like Yeah, that Printing it is separate. I want to know how to model it so that I can slice it so that I can make it Maybe it's like she's in the chat. So is she here. No, I say normally she normally she is here So I was just waiting for a response, but she might know I thought fix them dude mentioned her by name And my brain saw that as a username. So I don't know if she's here or not fix them, dude Thank you again. Thank you again. This thing is ridiculous and This is a this is awesome The the surfing Oreo on water. It's just everything was awesome But I know I know we're running late But we had Joe come on and we were deep into some cool stuff. So Joe before we go one more time. We are who are you know, don't be sorry at all Who are you where you from? What do you do? Do you like long walks on the beach? You know all the good stuff How do you keep your mustache? I do like The month after it just happens it just happens naturally if it if it took effort it would be gone I I'm Joe Spanier makes on most platforms I make things on CNC's on lasers I make out of focus cameras to drive tail of Matt Yeah, and I make a podcast called Makers on tap and now I make things work for The G-Fab applications.  I want to make sure you push that and we got to watch this I got to watch Like there's something to be said about watching someone dive into something that's very knowledgeable But starting it over kind of yeah, I mean like you don't know the buttons You don't know how to work it. You're just learning and I think that's that's You know, that's gonna be really cool to watch. So we're pretty pumped to see that so tag us. We want to check it out Okay, everybody else. I know Again, I know we're like 12 minutes late. There's other streams going on after us Don't forget to tag us hit us up on the Twitter's hashtag hot makes. Let's get those hot makes flying next week What do we have a Nick? I think Nick is coming on from lower craft.  Not Laura Croft Not Laura Croft Laura Croft if you have not checked out Nick stuff search lower craft I believe it's all put together on the YouTubes and you guys will find out This dude's does some amazing stuff Andrew. I know you're in the chat or you were earlier Thanks for for you know, turning me on to going down his path and then hooking me up with Nick because Stuff is golden man. It's awesome stuff. So check that out next week anything else Caleb. No, I'm excited to talk to Nick Yeah, I've seen his stuff before like on reddit and on YouTube before and May or may not have fallen asleep a few times watching his videos like laying in bed at night But like I'm excited to actually talk to him. Yes. Well, it's it's You'll see next week. You'll see next week. It's it's his stuff is crazy, but everybody else out there Thank you guys so much. We'll be back next week 6 p.m Monday night's central time and we'll see you all next week. Don't forget check out your lightsabers I don't know that was random, but have a good night everybody. See you guys next week. Stay right there Joe, we'll be right back with you. Bye guys. See you later and gout


Cognition is the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience and the senses. Cognition is a word that dates back to the 15th century when it meant thinking and awareness. Today the term cognition refers to a diverse collection of psychological activities and encompasses processes such as attention, comprehension, memory, judgment, evaluation, reasoning, decision making, problem solving and the use of language among others. Cognition within humans may be concrete or abstract, conscious or unconscious as well as intuitive or conceptual. Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary approach that tries to understand the mind, intelligence and the workings of cognition by drawing upon insights from psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neural science, linguistics and anthropology among others. There are a number of different approaches to understanding cognition but two main contemporary paradigms are the computational and evolutionary approaches. The first wave of cognitive science focused on conceptual processes that generate knowledge about the world by looking at cognition in terms of inputs, processes and outputs. One of the main tenets of cognitive science since its origins is that thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational processes that operate on those structures. A more recent approach has been that of evolutionary psychology which tries to understand human cognition as the product of a set of evolved psychological adaptations to perennial challenges in our historical, social and natural environment. This evolutionary perspective can be seen as the second wave of the cognitive revolution. This second wave views the human brain as composed of evolved computational systems formed through natural and social selection to use information to adaptively regulate psychology, social and physical behavior. This shift in focus from knowledge acquisition to adaptive regulation of behavior provides new ways of thinking about different areas of cognition. One of the primary overarching organizational structures to cognition is its use of abstraction to create a hierarchical structure composed of various levels of abstraction.  The human brain functions hierarchically in its capacity to modify the earlier evolved more primitive parts of our brain through the more advanced parts. Psychologist Abraham Maslow made a holistic attempt to try and classify this hierarchical structure to the brain and its corresponding needs in what is called Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Although Maslow's hierarchy may not define an exact correspondence to the underlying complexity of the brain it does capture a general hierarchical structure to cognition, motivation and the different emotional needs that people have. Within this hierarchy of needs people are seen to have a set of basic physiological needs such as food, sex, sleep etc but in addition to these basic emotions we also have a set of higher psychological needs that we seek, desires to be safe, to be loved, to have self-esteem, to experience what Maslow called self-actualization. The brainstem is the area associated with the most primitive functions regulating the most basic biological requirements such as regulating one's breathing or limb coordination whilst walking. Much of our cognition takes place unconsciously in these most primitive parts of our brain which are also where our emotions are housed. Primitive parts of our brain can experience basic emotions like hunger but only a much more evolved neocortex can experience an emotion like the need for self-actualization. The neocortex or the frontal lobe of our brain has executive function whereas more primitive parts of the brain are the seats of emotion and instinct. The neocortex is involved in complex cognition such as required for social behavior, long-term planning and inhibition. The brain is not a unified whole with some centralized command center. The perception of it being so is really a construct. In effect it consists of networks of different functioning domains and hierarchical levels. Many different parts are interacting and communicating to on aggregate create the illusion of one unified consciousness that we think of as ourselves. But this is simply a construct. The reality involves much tension and conflict between the different brain regions as they each attempt to fulfill their own function and purpose. This is most explicit in the relationship between the more advanced neocortex that has executive functions and the more primitive parts through which we experience direct emotions and instincts. The conflict between the different parts creates cognitive dissonance which is the holding of two or more beliefs or ideas that are manifestly contradictory. We do not like cognitive dissonance and thus are motivated to resolve this conflict. The individual may resolve this cognitive dissonance in a number of different ways. They may exert downward control from the executive parts to constrain lower level drives. They may avoid this cognitive dissonance by compartmentalizing beliefs and ideas so as to keep them separate. One instance of this might involve special pleading which is a form of fallacious argument that involves an attempt to cite something as an exception to a generally accepted rule without justification for defining it as an exception. In so doing one can keep ideas, beliefs or motives separate from other categories that might create conflict. Human beings are very good at inventing reasons to justify their desired beliefs, what is called rationalization. Often rather than imposing these high level functions on our more primitive desires, the neocortex may rationalize decisions that are made by more primitive regions in order to resolve the cognitive dissonance through the use of special pleading for example. The different brain regions come into conflict and once the conflict is resolved our brain gives us a small amount of dopamine which is a reward neurotransmitter that makes us feel good. When we meet our psychological needs our brain gives us a reward that makes us feel good. This is a basic reward and punishment system hardwired into the biochemistry of the brain. When we do something that is likely to be advantageous evolutionary we feel good which equates to a release of dopamine to our reward centers. With functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation contemporary neuroscience methods are increasingly finding the neurological correlates to what psychologists have been demonstrating for decades. With these tools we can now see different brain areas in conflict and the conflict resolution that the individual experiences when a decision or rationalization is achieved. The desire for control or at least for the sense or illusion of control is one of the most basic and primitive needs that motivates us. We do not like to experience the feeling that we are victims of a whimsical world or that we are helpless in the face of uncertain forces or random events. This desire for control can be seen as a direct product of evolution. Unknown and uncontrollable environments limit our capacity for predictability and security that threatens our survival. We like to think that we exert some causal control over ourselves the events that affect us and over our environment. One manifestation of this desire for control is a belief in superstitions. We tend to develop beliefs that if we engage in a certain activity it will protect us or enable us to succeed. Wanting more control or certainty is an important driving force behind most forms of superstition. We invariably look for some kind of a rule or an explanation for why things happen and feel discontent if we do not find one, leaving us open to the desire of simply creating one. Superstitious practices give us the illusion that we can exert some control over otherwise random events. We also have a desire for simplicity because the simpler things are the more control we can have over them. Therefore we are motivated to oversimplify the things that we're confronted with. We stereotype because it enables us to reduce a potentially complicated set of factors into some simple rule. This can be advantageous when we understand that the rule is just a simplified representation. But often we take the simplified model to be the complex reality that it represents and this leads us to errors because the two are very different. Along with the desire for control we have an innate desire for meaning in our lives, a sense of unity, a desire for connection with something greater than ourselves and these are strong motivators towards belief in some supernatural power or force that fulfills all of these psychological needs. The drive towards belief is very strong in humans, particularly strong towards things that we want to believe in. Not only have we evolved to identify patterns rapidly, but we also inherently desire control, a sense of stability, order and unity. Many of the things that we're driven to believe are precisely so because they provide this sense of unity to our interpretation of the world and relieve the burden of having to make a full inquiry into a complex reality. Added to this many things are beneficial for us to believe. When we have a sense that we are connected to something that is profound it feels good. This can then be reinforced by confirmation bias which involves seeking out data that seems to confirm our beliefs. Beliefs are largely expressive of our emotional state. When we are positive we feel the future will be good, when we are feeling negative we believe the future will be bad. Thus it can be very difficult to change people's behavior by making a rational argument to them because their behavior is still overwhelmed by their beliefs and their emotions. In such circumstances addressing the individual's emotions can be much more effective. This has been amply demonstrated with the success of modern advertising that speaks intentionally to the emotions whilst largely bypassing reason knowing this to be more effective for many people. The social brain hypothesis was proposed by the British anthropologist Robin Dunbar who argues that human intelligence did not evolve primarily as a means to solve ecological problems but rather as a means of surviving and reproducing in large and complex social groups. The development of the human brain can be closely associated with the development of ever more complex social systems. The use of language for communications between members and other socioeconomic factors involved in the formation of large social organizations. Social norms, the customary rules that govern behavior in groups and societies strongly shape individual human behavior. Most people in reality are driven much more by social influence than by the use of reason. Telling someone what others do in a situation is much more effective than telling them what is the logical thing to do. For example telling people that others do not drink and drive than telling them the negative implications of such behavior. Individual humans have a need for self-esteem. People want to feel good about themselves but just as importantly we want to know that others think positively of us also. People almost always want to make their beliefs and behaviors seem consistent to others. In order to do this we often rationalize what we want to believe in order to put a socially acceptable spin on our behavior. Equally people do not like to admit that they may be wrong or to admit that we may have flaws as this is threatening to our self-esteem and social status. The human brain gives us the experience of free will and control over ourselves but research overwhelmingly shows that human beings generally have poor self-control. Typically about 95% of the time people will fail to alter their own behavior through conscious effort alone for example to quit some habit. This is due to the fact that this takes significant energy and conscious commitment on behalf of the individual. The brain is highly adaptive and plastic meaning its ways of thinking can change over time therefore if we practice and make a concerted effort to behave in certain ways these behaviors will become inculcated and will become easier over time. Practicing the habit of executive control or executive function over once more basic parts of the brain can be a learnt ability. This is where critical thinking can be of value to us in examining the individual's behavior carefully in understanding errors and enabling us to exert an effort to correct flaws in our thinking and behavior.


This region is a firestorm of raw stellar creation, perhaps triggered by a nearby supernova explosion. The three-dimensional looking image reveals dramatic ridges and valleys of dust, serpent head pillars of creation, and gaseous filaments glowing fiercely under torrential ultraviolet radiation. The region is on the edge of a dark molecular cloud that is an incubator for the birth of new stars.