America. Something we have to watch all the time. Maybe we don't pay enough attention to it. It's part of our economy. It's part of our global economy. And every couple of weeks we have a show with E-prink Energy Policy Research Organization in Washington, a think tank that does energy globally. And today we have Max Peasier. He's an energy research market analyst at E-prink. Hi, Max. Welcome to the show. Greetings, Jay. Greetings to everyone there. Thank you again for having me. Absolutely. So we want to talk today about the effect of the U.S.-Iran tensions on world prices in oil and other energy resources. That's complicated, isn't it? And it seems to me, like at first, if most of the oil in the world goes through the Strait of Hormuz and there are tensions there, that would affect the price of oil. But it's not clear exactly what has happened. So can you tell us where we are in terms of Hormuz and oil and global economy? Well, on any given day, about 20 percent of crude oil that's used in the world, that's produced moves through the Straits of Hormuz. The Straits of Hormuz are down... Countries of Oman and Iran are the two critical countries that come closest to the Straits. If this was the 1970s and these geopolitical tensions that have been escalating between the Trump administration and Iran, you would have panic all over the world. That's what you were having back in the 1970s. For clear reasons these days, despite all the political tensions that we have, the geopolitical conflicts, not only Iran but also in Venezuela, in Libya, those things are muted by other factors that are taking place in the world. That's the payload for this show. So boys and girls, what Max tells us now is really important to understand exactly how these areas of tension are affecting oil prices and thus the global economy. I'm sitting on the edge of my chair, Max. Thank you. There is a considerable amount of drama. What's going on in Iran? What's going on in Libya? What's going on in Venezuela? Those are true crises. People are... Innocent lives are being affected by these things. But because despite these bullish indicators for crude oil prices, we in the United States since 2008 have had a surge in production. And that has offset considerably the threats, the potential threats that we have from places like what's taking place in Iran, what's taking place in Venezuela, what's taking place in one other country. Libya, thank you. So these technological innovations that we've had put in place over the last 10 years here in the United States have effectively offset the threats that could arise and that have proven to a risen in the past. That could arise if we haven't had the surge in production in the last 10, 15 years. Did we intend this, Max? Have we taken a few steps to avoid an effect of these crises? I think it's an unintended consequence. So the fact that we have the Jude political ramifications of U.S. surge in crude oil productions, I don't think they were clearly factored in by any major policymaker. Certain people did take note of it. They realized that this control that exists in the Middle East countries, the OPEC, the oil producing countries in the Middle East, that that control has dissipated, has been muted. But no major policymaker, I think, has really come out and said that the Jude political threat in particular has been, I wouldn't say extinguished, but pulled back considerably. So what you're describing is a kind of a leveling of the playing field, a leveling of the market, where the resources are coming from different places, more places. It's diffused now, where 10 years ago it was all about the Middle East. You must be reading my mind, because those are the words that I would have just would have used just now. Diffused, you have rather than having a centralization, you have diffusion, you have multifarious, you know, to try a $25 word, set up of producing centers throughout the world, not just localized in one particular region. And that has made an impact geopolitically, that we can withstand these kinds of tensions that we have in the Western Hemisphere, Venezuela in particular, in Africa, Libya, in the Middle East, between the United States and Iran, or between Trump administration in Iran. So that leaves us with two directions to inquire about. The first direction is that somehow, and I'm not confident this will happen, somehow the tension between the United States and Iran will alleviate, that whatever the Washington's foreign policy is, if you can say Washington has a foreign policy, you're not clear to me. In fact, not clear to a lot of people. I think that's the attribute of the Trump administration. You don't know what's going to happen next.  So who knows which way. I mean, you've gone past the point of risk where you could quantify things, you're now at the point of uncertainty, you just don't know what's going to happen. Well, you know, that's so interesting because I think the same process exists in the stock market. If you have a situation where nobody can anticipate what Washington, what Trump is going to do from day to day, where nobody can anticipate whether the tensions will be up or down or sideways on a given day, then I think people, don't you agree Max, there's a fatigue factor. I know I'm fatigued, I can't follow it anymore. I don't know which way it's going, so I kind of give up. Well, I'm with you there. There's certainly a fatigue factor. I mean, you're seeing this as it's been reported in today's Wall Street Journal, consumer confidence is slipping. You don't know which way the conflicts in trade, say with Mexico and Canada and China are going to go. Again, in the Wall Street Journal, there was a report on Federal Express, how Federal Express being an intermediary of globalization, moving goods between not just within the United States, but across continents, they're seriously affected by this disruption, not knowing what to expect. Not when will the trade discussions will end, but if the trade discussions will end. That right there is moving from, if you win, then you can quantify something. If you don't know when, then you have just uncertainty and you withdraw and just wait on the sidelines and that's what's taking place. That's the other set of factors that's facilitating the drop in oil prices is that you have this uncertainty, you have slowing job growth, you have the trade conflicts which are escalating and there's no clear understanding of when these things might end. You suggest there's a linkage between oil prices and I really want to understand this. These days, there's a linkage between oil prices and the global economy. If oil prices are going down, it's a reflection of a decline in the global economy. Oil prices are going up, it's a reflection of an improvement in the global. Am I right about that? Where do you stand on that? I mean, as we were discussing beforehand, before we went on the air, it's a two-factor problem. The first thing is you have a surge in oil production in the United States, in North America, Canada also, but mostly in the United States and that's a muting factor on higher oil prices. But then, the second component is all of this uncertainty that comes, economic uncertainty that comes from the trade conflicts, from dropping consumer confidence, slowing job growth. So, it's twofold. It's not just one thing. That's the way I would reply to the question that you presented there. These factors you just described actually suggest a slowing of global economy anyway, right? Right, exactly. I mean, because of the trade conflicts, you have US Steel shutting down the plants that it reopened in Granite City, Illinois because demand for steel has been muted. No longer do you have a certainty or the knowledge that there will be not just domestic demand for the steel that you produce, but say demand in Mexico, Canada or China and vice versa. There are numerous examples like that. That's the point that's been... That's the second set of factors that pulls back. That affects crude oil prices. Now, let me try to make it a sort of a pure inquiry here and say on the one side, hypothetically, the administration would change its unpredictable conduct and it would become predictable and it would become positive and it would be able to cut a moderated deal with Iran and thus diminish the crisis in the Gulf rather than the Straits of Hormuz. Let's assume that for a moment. Let's assume that all is light and goodness in that area of the world and there's no longer a crisis between the US and Iran. What happens to oil prices? Well, then my suspicion is that they would continue to slide. You have OPEC trying to control the supply component, but even if marital bliss broke out in the Straits of Hormuz, Iran, you still have all of the other component which is trade conflicts with China, Mexico, Canada. The critical ones. Those are the critical ones and still uncertainty in Europe with Brexit. Not just marital bliss in the Straits of Hormuz, but also if we could just temper the provocations on the part of the Trump administration with Mexico, the provocations against China. If there was some settlement to those issues, that's where you would see an uptick on the economic side. And then maybe you would see a stabilization, maybe not an increase, but a stabilization in the dropping oil precedent. Please go ahead. I think a stabilization of these unpredictable moves by the administration would have a huge effect in not only in oil, but in geopolitical relations and in the economies of so many countries around the world, simply by virtue of, as you put it before, confidence, confidence in general, that we're going to be okay here. So it seems to me that all those things touch each other. The consumer's confidence, the jobs, the economies, and the oil prices. But if I told you, Max, just hypothetically now, that that's not going to happen. In my heart, I believe this is probably the reality. It's not going to happen. And in fact, as to tit for tat thing that's going on between the United States and Tehran, it's going to get worse. If I tell you that it's going to wind up, you know, in my own theory, a battle of cyber war. Because that's what Trump has started, a battle of cyber war, where grids come down in various places in the world.  The cities stop functioning and people die because of the lack of electricity and so forth. If I tell you that, if I tell you we're going to get into it with Iran in the next few weeks, hypothetically, then I would ask you, how will that affect oil prices and all those other factors considered? Don't answer yet, Max, because we're going to take a short break. And I think everybody is going to be listening when we come back. They're going to want to know your answer. That's easier. Of E. Prink in Washington, D.C., an energy research market specialist. We'll be right back and we'll get his answer to that question.  Absolutely. Absolutely. I want to know what I'm going to say, too. We'll be right back. Aloha. I'm Dennis Wong, a host here at Think Tech Hawaii, a digital media company serving the people of Hawaii. We provide a video platform for citizen journalists to raise public awareness in Hawaii. We are a Hawaii nonprofit that depends on the generosity of its supporters to keep ongoing. We'd be grateful if you'd go to ThinkTechHawaii.com and make a donation to support us now. Thanks so much. Aloha. I'm Jane Sugimura, a host here at Think Tech Hawaii, a digital media company serving the people of Hawaii. We provide a video platform for citizen journalists to raise public awareness in Hawaii. We are a Hawaii nonprofit that depends on the generosity of its supporters to keep ongoing. We'd be grateful if you'd go to ThinkTechHawaii.com and make a donation to support us now. Thank you so much. I could hardly wait for the end of that break. So, Max, have you thought about it? Is there an answer? Maybe it's unanswerable. Well, no. I've thought about it. Thank you for the challenge. I don't see a dystopian situation to the one that you portray. I think cyber threats are serious. Thankfully, the institutional structure of the United States is such that we have the Department of Homeland Security, we have the National Security Agency, and they, on the cyber front, and especially the infrastructure, things such as power plants and related components, they, thankfully, are robust. They can certainly be straightened, but given the research that I've done, it would take a long time to bring down the grid of the United States. I mean, certainly the threats are there, but because of the institutional infrastructure department that is run by the Department of Homeland Security and a lot of other things, it'll be a while before a country like Iran or St. North Korea or China could begin doing the kind of damage they describe it. And then the second part of the question was, if this dystopian nightmare actually comes true, what do they do for petroleum product demand? Well, obviously, it's going to collapse, but we're not there yet, and I think we're a considerable distance from that. Oh, good. Well, that's comforting. I hope I've offered you some comfort there. Just remember, this is on video, Max. Absolutely. Talk about the change in circumstances, the diffused sources of energy we're getting these days. I'd like to dig into that a little bit. Right now, as opposed to 10 years ago, the United States is in better shape, because it controls, maybe to a larger extent, where it is getting energy. It has LNG. Maybe it's getting oil within its boundaries or nearby, and it's getting renewable energy as well. I'm a little troubled, and I hope you factor this into your answer. I'm a little troubled by the administration's change last week from the Obama Clean Energy Renewable Energy Policy to a policy focused on coal. That seemed to me to be going backward. I don't know if it'll have any effect, but that's what he said. The question is, where are we in terms of our call it diffused energy resources? Where are we? I think coal is being very strongly challenged by low-priced natural gas in stationary use. It's stationary is categorized electricity generation, industrial usage, such as paper mills, refineries, cement production, and home use, home and commercial use, heating buildings, heating water, things of that nature. The new renewables in the category of solar and wind, they're attractive to certain constituencies, but actually being effective and providing baseload electricity, for example. I'm not as optimistic for that to be a resource as perhaps some environmental constituencies. The wind doesn't blow all the time, the sun doesn't always shine, and then these installed bases. Just to give you an example, a nuclear power plant that is sited on 400 or 500 acres. To generate that same amount of electricity from a wind farm, you're going to need 170,000 acres. Oh, wow. Right, so right away you can see the scale difference, whereas the nuclear power plant can run the whole time, a wind farm situated on 170,000 acres can only run as long as the wind is blowing, and you have to site the turbines in such a way that they don't take energy away from each other. If you put one propeller close to another one, it pulls energy away from another retrieving mechanism. The physics of it is, it can be intuitively explained, but it's not easily explained. So consequently, the siding is huge. So to somehow think that wind and solar energy is imminent, people really haven't factored in the land usage consequences. Have you heard of this case pending in the Federal District Court in, I think it's Eugene Oregon called the Juliana case? It was on 60 minutes a few days ago, and it's a case by 21 young people who claim that the right to a safe climate, a climate free of climate change, is an inalienable right under the Constitution. It's a constitutional right. When the Constitution says life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness, whatever it says, that that includes action by the government to deal with climate change, to preserve the environment for generations to come. This is actually gotten by a number of motions to dismiss that the Trump administration has filed in order to stop the suit. So the suit, according to the 60 minutes piece, is still alive. It's very interesting because it would change all of constitutional law. It would certainly change all of the law around climate change. But assume with me for a moment that that suit or some other suit or the will of the electorate coming soon in 2020 requires the government to take affirmative and perculean steps to deal with climate change. And that would include whether it's economically efficient or not, that would include spending tons of money on renewables. How is that going to affect the energy mix in this country? I know there's a lot of speculation around that question, but how would that affect your answer that you were talking about before? That sort of changes the mix, doesn't it? Well, yes. I mean, it's what you're describing, I think, is jurisdiction shopping, where you try and find a court that will favorably rule on give you a favorable judgment on a particular case, especially in an environmental way. Something like that has already happened. We have the best example that I know of is something that is known as 2007 Massachusetts versus CPA, which went to the Supreme Court. One of the things that's been problematic for environmentalists is getting legislation at the national level that proclaims that greenhouse gases are some sort of a threat. So that particular court action, Massachusetts versus CPA as it was ruled in 2007, it was close decision four to three. Justice Stevens wrote the majority opinion and he was the one who in the opinion said that carbon dioxide is a pollutant. That judgment, that ruling effectively empowered the EPA to begin regulating greenhouse gas emissions at the national level. So you had all sorts of legislation that came out of that. So the case that you describe in the state of Oregon isn't the first one. I mean, it's the first one that I hear of that there's an inalienable right provision. But as far as court decisions that have been made with respect to the environment, the 2007 one is one of the, it's the clearest one that I know of where judicial intervention has affected, categorically affected the implementation of national policies. Without that decision, please go ahead. Assume with me that this case, and it's a long shot, have to agree. This case and other cases and maybe even congressional action finally accepts and adopts and acts on the notion that climate change is a serious problem affecting humanity, that climate change is correctable if you take affirmative action and you stop generating emissions and stop using fossil fuel. And these courts or maybe Congress itself, after a new election, I don't know, decides to take affirmative steps to stop the use of coal, to stop the use of fossil fuel, and to say to us, the American people and American business, you can't use fossil fuel anymore. Cannot do it. You have to find another way, even if it costs you more money, even if it's not economically efficient. Suppose that happens. It's a logical possibility, although right now I wouldn't put any money on it. Suppose that happens. Well, if the odds are good, there's always a good bet out there. But you know, most likely the bookies are working against you, but that's a whole different problem. If that happens, and it seems to me that nobody in this country, I mean by law, would be able to use fossil fuel like gasoline. I don't know how it would come down on LNG, probably badly. So what happens to our energy mix then? And what happens to the price of oil? And if oil declines around the world, what happens to the world economy if this country, just this country, decides that climate change is important and rules out any fossil fuels? Well, again, you're going with these dystopian scenarios. The first one was with the major cyber takedown of the U.S. power grid. The same thing here. I can't envision a world without fossil fuel usage because it's ramification. It's not just energy production. It's also the whole petrochemical complex and how from containers to building materials to medicines, all these things are infused with and run on the foundation of fossil fuel production. So it's a scenario that's just really difficult to contemplate. Obviously, creative legislators are there. They certainly, in the same way that the Supreme Court decision that I described came about, and the ensuing legislation that came from that, entrepreneurial legislators exist all over the place. Somebody can put together a deal, find the votes, and produce this sort of thing. My hope is that through judicial intervention and stalling, you put this sort of scenario that you've described to me as far off as possible into the future. There would have to be a significant trade-off in terms of what we could do as a society in civilization. I envy you, Max, because you're right there watching it and seeing if these dystopian things could ever come true and seeing those charts and graphs come and go. It's really interesting. You live in interesting times. Actually, we all live in interesting times. Absolutely, yes. Thanks, Max. It's your market researcher in energy in E. Prink in Washington. Thank you so much, Max. Aloha until the next time. Thank you very much. Aloha. Yes, thank you.


Darno and Uka, the Ratorian, escaped from the elephant paddocks of Tor on the back of an elephant. Because Torzan and Oroak profess ignorance as to how their friends escaped, Atea, white queen of the yellow men, condemns them to slavery in the jewel pits. Meanwhile, Darno and Uka have made their way over the city wall and into the jungle. Sought by Torian patrols, the two men make their way cautiously along a densely shadowed path toward a moonlit clearing. As they step out of the deep shadow into the open, a huge black-maned lion charges Darno. As the rushing jungle terror leaps forward, Uka brushes the Frenchman aside. To place, Darno! Trouching low, the giant Ratorian drops to one knee in the path of the charging beast. Quickly, he digs the butt of the Torian war spear into the ground beside him. Coolly, he studies the point to meet the hurtling chest. At the moment of the impact, he lets go and rolls clear. All in the fraction of a second, the huge beast impales itself upon the spear point. The great blade stands out behind the shoulders. The momentum of its charge carries the land to the spot where Uka had knelt a moment before, when it rolls snarling and roaring in savage agony, carrying the air with claws that flash like knives in the moonlight. Pleasantly, with the last gasping roar, the flashing talons jerking spasmodically. The great body stiffens and sinks, quivering to the ground. Won't you? May that, that was monufique or splendidly, Darno Uka. I only hope that when it comes my turn to reciprocate, I may be able to do it as cleanly and as bravely. It, it was nothing my friend, nothing. Eh, but, but let us hasten, we have a long way to go before we reach Rator. Bien, bien. But do you not think it best that we take to the trees until daylight?  And the elephant patrols of Tor. They will not quickly give up the search for us, Darno. Bien sûr, Uka. We shall proceed then. May your spear, mon ami. I shall not leave it. It has proven a good weapon. And you have demonstrated that you know well how to handle it. Allons, leave the way. Eh, apropos, Uka. You say we have a long way to go to reach Rator. Just how far is it? Too far for us to go, as we are, and return in time to help our friends, unless we find a riding elephant. A riding elephant? Mais mon vieux, surely you are joking. I am in earnest, Darno. But, but where do you expect to find a riding elephant here? Explique-moi. Tell me that if you please. We will search until we find one. Hm, c'est ça. We need a riding elephant. We shall find one. It is a simple matter, Monsieur Uka. Perhaps not quite so simple, my friend. But if we can locate the jungle outpost of the Torians, there we will find riding elephants. Oh, these men of Tor have outposts, then, in the jungle? A patrol, Darno, mounted on elephants. They ride the forest paths on the borders between Tor and Rator. Ah, Mac knows you can call. I understand. A sort of frontier garden, is pa? Yes. And have you any idea where this frontier patrol is located? I think I can find the remain camp. It should not be too far from this spot if I am not mistaken. Voila. There we have our elephant. Then there remain only the question of our ability to reach this camp before we are devoured by wild beasts. And if we escape that danger, can we make off with one of their elephants without being recaptured by these Saltorians? Those are questions we will worry about when the time comes, my friend. The jewel pits of Tor like a vast high-walled amphitheater with great crevices hewn out of the soft clay-like walls, life-sweltering in the stifling reflected heat that pours into the great cup from a burning sun. Gangs of half-starved yellow-skinned slaves, men of Tor and Rator, linked together by long chains, labor with picked-like implements. Behind the rows of workers stalking back and forth are guards, each with a long, cruel lash in his hand. Constantly, the lashes curl out to bite deeply into the quivering flesh of a slave as a guard drives a laggard to swifter efforts. Side-by-side in one of the groups, Tarzan and O'Rourke wield their picks under the watchfully sullen eye of a huge yellow-skinned guard. Here's Tarzan. His divils work this, the heat, my lord. The guard is watching. Swine, ah, try not for these chains, I dig the black heart out of yours with me, pick and return for them lashes. Back off! Be quiet, O'Rourke. He'll catch you to ribbons with his lash. Aye, and they cut like knives. Faith me lad, the elephant paddocks will, will paradise to this. He's gone on now. Hold your temper, O'Rourke. There's a way out of this. We'll find it somehow. Meanwhile, don't do anything to draw the guard's attention. A way out? With these chains at our ankles, them heavy-handed divils with their whips. Oh, Faith, man, you're an optimist. There is, I tell you. I think I could break that shell. Then why don't you do it? We'll make a run for it. And have the whole troop down on us with their whips before we get well-started. No, O'Rourke. There's a better way. What do you mean? A better way? We'll have to stand this for a few days. Long enough to give Darno and Oka time to get back from Rottor with fighting men. Then we'll start working on these prisoners. Working on the prisoners? What are you driving at? Mutiny, O'Rourke. Mutiny among the slaves of the jewelpits. What do you think they'd do if they were free and aroused to a fighting pitch? Mutiny. Holy St. Patrick. There's an army of the spellpains. Give them age, one of these picks and a length of chain, or with a couple of good men to lead them. You're right, Tarzan. It is of right ideas. The guard's coming back. The poor devil down the line, then. Will he look at his back? There were the aliens have baited him. Do you notice, O'Rourke, there are certain men in our group and in the others that the guards single out to torture us? I should and I have that. Why do you suppose they're probably Rottorians? It's the only explanation I have. There are two in our group. I'll work on them. Faith and how will he make them understand you? Neither of us speak their lingo. I don't know, but I'll try. Bukar speaks English, maybe other of his countrymen do. Then here's your chance. The guards down at the other end of the line. Try that big grim face teller on your left. He's had more baitings than any in our gang. Watch for the guards. Tarzan steadily wielding his heavy-fake moves gradually closer to the yellow-skinned worker to his left. Reaching the limit of the chain, the ape man looks up cautiously and finds the slave watching him narrowly from the corners of alert, questioning eyes with a slight movement of his head. Tarzan motions the man to approach. Do you understand English, friend? Yes. Who are you? I am Tarzan of the Apes. And you? I am Kaluk, a noble of Rottor. What do you want? Me. For us both, we are seen talking. I know. My friend is watching the guards. How long have you been here? Ah... More than half a minute. One year. You would fight for your freedom if you were given the chance? No, gladly. It would mean a quick death.  Slowly. Do you talk with the other Rottorian slaves? And would they join us? I can pass the word at night and we are changed to our palates to the men of Rottor and also the Torian pit slaves. They would all willingly die in an attempt to gain freedom from this. Good. Then pass the word and tomorrow we'll talk again. Careful, Tarzan. He's coming. In Artea's palace, the Thai, the Chinese scientist, hurries stealthily along the corridor leading to the White Queen's private apartments. At the door to the quarters of her women, he pauses, opens the door cautiously and steps into the room. Why? Jeanette, you're here. I thought you were with Artea and her woman at the bath. Why was, Dr. Wong? She sent me back after some of that awful sense she uses. Then the ceremony of cleansing our illustrious queen is not yet over. And we may talk for a few moments undisturbed. Oh, Dr. Wong, isn't there anything you can do to make her change her mind about that fight between Tarzan and Mungo? You may save yourself from worry, my dear, if you will. Merely convinced Tarzan that for the sake of all concerned, he must remain here as her consort. No. But we've gone over all that before. Uncle Jim refused to let Tarzan sacrifice himself. I certainly won't accept the alternative. I did not think you would, my child. However, the opportunity to convey to you the thought that there is not a great deal of danger to Tarzan in his combat did not present itself when Artea mentioned it. She watched me too closely. Oh, but he's bound to be killed if they fight. Mungo's so much more powerful, so much bigger than Tarzan. Victory, my dear, does not always go to be physically strong. Mungo's weak spot lies between his hat and his shoulders. And Tarzan's strength is not alone in his arms and back. Oh, but Dr. Wong... However, I shall use what little influence I may have with Artea toward the postponement of the combat. Oh, thank you, Dr. Wong. And perhaps in the meantime... A moment, a moment, please. Permit me to finish. It is written that he who receives an ox must give back a horse. I also crave a favor, Jeanette, my dear. A favor? Of me? But what can I do? Watch as I am constantly by Artea or one of her women. I would like to see the key to the door of Artea's treasure cavern. The key to... Oh, but good heavens, Dr. Wong. I haven't the least idea where it is. Just find it. Otherwise... Otherwise, Dr. Wong? Otherwise, my child, I am sure the battle between Tarzan and Mungo will take place very soon. Very well. I'll try to find the key for you. And now I must take that there. Listen, Artea! She's coming back! Oh, Dr. Wong!


Hey guys, welcome back to our channel. My name is Andrea with foodimentary adventures in food And I am here today with a recipe for breakfast Dromboli now I have made stromboli several times before on our what's for dinner videos which come out on Tuesday But today I'm doing a breakfast version. So let me show you what you're going to need You are going to need Regulated pizza crust and I prefer using the thin crust over the regular crust. You're also going to need some sausage eggs You're going to need some cheese now you can use whatever type of cheese you want. I happen to be using Cheddar cheese and this is from an eight ounce block and I just shredded the entire thing and then you were also going to need some Bacon now you can vary this up if you want to you can use Canadian bacon and Swiss cheese or you know any combination that you'd like But this is a combo that I like so I am going to start off first by cooking up my bacon and My sausage and eggs and then I will come back to show you how to put everything together Okay, I've got my sausage going and then I am going to bake my bacon to me That's the easiest way to go about it I've got a foil lined pan here, and I've got my oven preheated to 400 degrees And I'm going to bake this for about 20 to 25 minutes All right guys, so I finished the eggs I ended up cooking about six of them and I did not put any salt in there at all because of the meat that I'm going to be using but I have my Pizzado right here that I opened and stretched and I have it on parchment paper just to make it easier to roll up and Now we're going to start layering our ingredients So the first thing I'm going to put down is my bacon and I ended up Chopping up about six slices of that bacon so I didn't use all of it And I'm probably not going to use all of the cheese or the sausage either now I'm going to add my sausage and adding my eggs and my cheese Okay, so now what you're going to do is using that parchment paper that's underneath it Of course, it's just to roll it up and you may have some come out the sides. That's okay You just keep rolling it up and try to roll it as tight as you possibly can now I'm just going to grab my cookie sheet and Transfer this to my cookie sheet and you're just going to cut a few slits in it to allow that air to escape and I am going to pop this into my oven I can't remember if I mentioned but my oven is preheated to 400 degrees and I'm going to bake this for about 15 to 20 minutes or until it's nice and golden brown Okay, I just took the strong bowie out of the oven. I ended up baking it for 17 minutes And here it is. I'm going to let this cool for about five ten minutes And then I will slice it open so you guys can see what it looks like Okay, so here is the strong bowie. I let it cool for about ten minutes And as you can see all the lovely layers in there the bacon the Sausage the cheese the eggs. It's so good and so easy. I will say that this is definitely a Mill that is better eaten the same day. I mean, of course, you can reheat it But it's not going to be as good So I hope you guys enjoyed this video if you did please make sure to give us a thumb Up if you have not subscribed to our channel I certainly hope you'll do so and also I have a lot of other Breakfast dishes on my channel and I will link that playlist in the description box so you guys can check it out Thanks so much for watching and we'll see you guys next time


Welcome back to another screencast that has to do with the integers mod n. In this video, we're going to do something a little unusual to this set we defined in the last video. So first, let's review. So we defined the integers mod n to be the set defined as follows. Take a natural number n bigger than one and look at the equivalence relation on the set of all integers given by congruence mod n. We saw last time that this creates n distinct equivalence classes, namely the classes of 0, 1, 2, and so on up to the class of n minus 1. The class of n is the same set as the class of 0 because n is congruent to 0 mod n. The class of n plus 1 is the same as the class of 1 and so forth. So there are only n classes in z mod n. I want to point out one thing that's important but subtle. We call this set the integers mod n, but that's really kind of a misnomer because this set does not contain integers. The square bracket things here inside z mod n are not integers but sets. These integers mod n sets consist of equivalence classes which are sets. So that's important to point out because what we're going to do now is invent something. We're going to invent a brand new kind of addition and multiplication that works on these equivalence classes. We're going to define a way of adding and multiplying two equivalence classes together in a way that lends itself to some interesting applications. Before we do this, I just want to assure you that it is totally normal to use the words addition and multiplication for things that are not just regular numbers. We've been doing this since middle school with two different kinds of objects, polynomials and matrices. Polynomials are in numbers but we have no problem adding them or multiplying them. We just have to define what we mean back in middle school. You may not remember doing that but somewhere in the past you had to define addition and multiplication on polynomials. And in high school algebra 2 or in linear algebra when you looked at matrices, these aren't numbers either although they have numbers inside them. But we can certainly add them and we can define a special kind of multiplication that works on them. So to repeat, it's totally normal to adapt the basic concepts of number addition and number multiplication to define new kinds of addition and multiplication on objects that aren't numbers. And that's what we're going to do now using the equivalence classes in the integers mod n. Actually, we're going to restrict our attention to z3 only at first and then we'll generalize to any z mod n. So here's z3 which consists of these three equivalence classes, the class of 0, the class of 1, and the class of 2. Let's first think about how we'll add two elements of z mod n together. We are creating a new kind of addition here because we've never added sets before. We've talked about unions and intersections and Sotheborth but never adding two sets together. So we can define this however we want but here's one approach that makes sense. Let's look at the three elements of z3 and define a new kind of addition which we're going to denote with an O plus here to distinguish it from regular number addition like this. Let's define the class of A plus or O plus, the class of B to be equal to another equivalence class and that equivalence class is the class of A plus B where the plus here is regular integer addition. So in other words, let's define the sum of two equivalence classes to be the equivalence class of the regular sum of the representatives. So for example, 0, O plus 1, I'm adding the class of 0 together to the class of 1. That would be the class of 0, regular plus 1 and that would be the class of 1. The class of 1, O plus the class of 1 would be the class of 1, regular plus 1, that's the class of 2. So I'm adding two equivalence classes together and getting another equivalence class and that's good. Notice this here, the class of 1, O plus the class of 2 would be the class of 1 plus 2 and that's the class of 3. But since we're dealing with congruence mod 3, this is the same class as the class of 0 as we've discussed earlier. So notice in this operation we have two kinds of addition going on here. The O plus addition is addition of equivalence classes and the regular plus addition is addition of integers. So here's a little practice for you, not exactly a concept check, but here are some remaining O plus addition problems to work out. Work these out as you pause the video, write down your answers, and then we'll debrief. So let's work through the answers here. The first sum is the class of 0 plus 0, where 0 is regular addition. So we end with a class of 0. The second sum is the class of 1 regular plus 0 and that gives the class of 1. Watch these next two though. 2 O plus 1 is technically the class of 2 regular plus 1 and that's the class of 3. This is correct, but it's not complete because the class of 3 equals the class of 0. So let's reduce this down to one of the classes that's actually in Z3. Finally, the class of 2 O plus the class of 2 is the class of 2 regular plus 2. That would be the class of 4. But this is the same class as the class of 1 because 1 is congruent to 4 under the relation here. It's congruent to 4 mod 3. So notice something super important here. The O plus sum of any two of these classes in Z3 can be expressed as another element of Z3. That means that Z3, the set of equivalence classes under congruence mod 3 is closed under this operation. Just like the regular integers are closed under regular addition. In fact, since there are only three elements in Z3, it actually wouldn't be much work to do all possible addition problems. And here they are arranged in a table form. The way to read this table, for example, is say in the entry in the third row, second column, that is what you would get when you compute 2 O plus 1. Notice that since regular plus addition is commutative, that is we can add integers in any order we want, it follows that O plus addition is commutative 2.  This system of addition works for any Zn, for any natural number n, not just Z3. For example, we can define O plus addition and Z4 the same way. The class of A plus the class of B will be the class of A plus B. And here the relation is congruence mod 4 since we're working with Z4. And let's fill in the addition table for Z4, which I have here just as a blank table. Notice that 0 O plus A is the class of 0 plus A, where the addition here is regular integer addition. And that's going to equal the class of A for every A in the set. So the first row and column are really easy to fill in. Let me do that very quickly here. As for the class of 1, let's do the second row. The class of 1 O plus the class of 1 is the class of 1 regular plus 1, and that's equal to the class of 2. 1 O plus 2 is 3. And 1 O plus 3 should be equal to the class of 4, and that's correct. But that class is equal to the class of 0, because 0 and 4 are equivalent or congruent mod 4. We argued earlier that this operation is commutative, so I can fill in the column for 1 with the same results as the row for 1. As a concept check, pause the video right here and fill in the remaining cells and come back when you're done. And here they are. Remember, we are just adding the interiors of the square brackets using regular integer addition, and then reducing to the equivalence class that actually belongs to Z4. So we can also do this with multiplication. Let's go back to Z3 again and define multiplication on these equivalence classes by defining the product, which will designate with an O dot of two classes to be the class of the regular product of the insides. So for example, the class of 1 O dot to the class of 2 is the class of 1 times 2, and that would of course be the class of 2. The class of 2 O dot to the class of 2 would be the class of 2 regular times 2, which is the class of 4. But that reduces to the class of 1 because now we're back to congruence mod 3 as my equivalence relation. We can make a multiplication table for Z3 in this way, and it looks like this. Multiplication of classes will be commutative, just like addition of classes was commutative, and for the same reason, the O dot product is defined in terms of regular integer multiplication, which is commutative. The system of addition and multiplication of equivalence classes mod n is referred to as modular arithmetic. It's different than regular arithmetic, although it's based on regular arithmetic, and it is hugely important and useful as a variation of regular integer arithmetic. It has lots of applications, some of which we'll see in a few videos. So let's make a multiplication for Z4, 2. About half of this table is trivial to make. The row and column for 0 will be entirely filled with the class of 0, because for example, 0 O dot 2 would be the class of 0 regular times 2, which is the class of 0. So we can fill these in quickly. The row and column for the class of 1 are easy too, because for example, 1 O dot 2 would be the class of 1 times 2, and that is the class of 2. So the class of 1 acts in much the same way in modular arithmetic as the integer 1 does under regular integer arithmetic. When you multiply something by the class of 1, you get that something back, just like when you multiply an integer times 1. As for the rest, let's have you fill this in as a concept check and come back when you're ready. So now let's complete the table. 2 O dot 2 is the class of 2 times 2, which is the class of 4. But under congruence mod 4, this is the same thing as the class of 0. Now this is kind of interesting here. We have two non-zero elements in Z4, and we multiply them together to get 0. Now this is a lot different from the way regular multiplication works in integers or real numbers. In regular multiplication, if you have a product of two things, and that product equals 0, then one of the two terms in the product must equal 0. But in modular arithmetic, this is obviously, apparently not necessarily true. Two things can sometimes multiply together to be 0, but neither of the terms is equal to 0. So this is quite a different algebraic world that we're creating here. Now to fill in the rest of the table here, just notice that 2 O dot 3 is the class of 2 times 3, which is the class of 6, and that equals the class of 2 because we're dealing with congruence mod 4. And 3 O dot 3 is the class of 9, which equals the class of 1, because 9 and 1 are congruent to each other mod 4, so they have the same equivalence class. And we can see that Z4, with this addition of multiplication operations, is also closed under those operations. So what we're going to do now in the next two videos is show how modular arithmetic can be used. The next video proves an old divisibility trick that you might have learned in elementary school, and the one after that shows how modular arithmetic can be used to encrypt a message you want to send. So stay tuned.


I'm not up here to take a vacation in Washington, DC. Democracy is at stake. I left because I am tired of sitting as a hostage in a house of representatives while Republicans strip away the rights of my constituents to vote. We had no other option. Over the weekend in Austin, hundreds gave public testimony in marathon all night hearings with critics calling the GOP-backed bills an attack on minority voting rights. All of my constituents' desires were denied. We heard rumblings that they actually were planning to lock the chamber. They were going to hold us in there until those bills got passed. Texas state Democrats fled the state as GOP lawmakers tried to pass new voting restrictions. How they stayed in state, Texas Rangers could have rounded them up and returned them to the Capitol. And we can't stay here indefinitely. We're not doing this for Democrats. We're doing this for Republicans. We're doing this for independents. That's why we need Congress to act now and pass the For the People Act. And we hope that they will hear us and they will act to pass the For the People Act before the August 6 recess. We said we are going to kill any undemocratic efforts in the state legislature. And if that meant leaving the state, we were going to do it. We don't believe that one constitutional right deserves greater deference than the other. They're no greater than the other. They all deserve equal consideration and equal protection. I'm not going to be a hostage. We had the courage to take a stand. And Congress, we need you to finish it. Our citizens can't wait any longer. We have fought too long and too hard in this country. We will not go back. We come too far. And we're not going to give up now.


ow-income students and how it changes things for them and their families as well because when you teach the students they run home and say mom that did you know that when you pay off your credit card like it helps your credit score so don't carry out and it seems like common sense even for me now that I didn't know that before but it's not it's not most people don't know what the factors of their credit score it like what makes your credit score go up or down so these things are explicitly taught students take it home to their families and it it really has a ripple effect um you know beyond the classroom so that leaves us with an exception how how how have 17 states already done it and how can Vermont become the 18th well for us we've done a lot of research at the mission 2030 fund about what effective legislation looks like and we've boiled it down to these five principles the first which is on the last um slide the first of which is that you need to include flexibility and that means respecting local control making sure that districts have a lot of choice and say in how this guarantee is implemented it might look differently in different districts because they have different needs different demographics different population you know it just it just has to be flexible enough so that districts have a lot of say what it looks like when it's rolled out um it's gotta be well not got to be but research shows that it is significantly more effective in junior and senior year so grades 11 and 12 and the research that backs it is called the just in time education research which shows that if it's taught when it's about to be used it's just in time they capture it versus putting it on the back burner in your mind freshman year because you're not really thinking about college until senior year but if you're filing your FAFSA junior year or buying your first car or applying to college you're going to use this stuff right then and there so um that's the just in time uh justification for really pushing for upper grades uh and then the full semester is really just the sense that you've got a crunch for time with any coursework but personal finance is so comprehensive banking budgeting investing insurance taxes paying for college careers I mean how can you teach that in three weeks I mean it can't be integrated as a component of another class you won't be able to teach it in a comprehensive way that's 21st century relevant so really the the the need and the research shows that it's got to be that standalone semester course um and then the last three are the standards for this course and as I mentioned you know Vermont and New Hampshire are the only two states that are proficiency based and not standards based so there could be a Vermont specific list of proficiencies there is a lot of guidance already from the um agency of education here in Vermont that includes recommended resources that align to the national standards for personal finance which came from jumpstart and the council of economic education so there's a lot of stuff here in Vermont already um but just to you know kind of think about that and then the last two scheduling of course like a periodic implementation like transitioning into implementing because we I know personally being a classroom teacher that is overwhelming to constantly get new guidance about what needs to be done but a transition period that's maybe three or four years out so that it is not something that we have to do one day to the next um and then finally just highly confident qualified teachers and that comes from providing them with training earlier today I mentioned I teach with NGPF I teach the investing certification course which is a five-week course for teachers we've had thousands of teachers take it and the number one thing they say to me after is thank you because not only am I taking this back to my students but I logged into my 403b account which looked like a foreign language to me before today and I was able to select funds that were low cost that I now know what I'm investing in and actually project out am I going to be able to retire when I thought I would and have the confidence to click around and know what I'm looking at and understand what the vocabulary means you know so it's it's for teachers just as much as it is for the students and their families would you send us uh I actually I think you've already had but if you haven't a link to uh what what what students would leave with basically absolutely um we'll actually send out the competencies um happy to send all of that senator blinks sure you ever heard of the green light part yeah yeah they are very engaged in financial education advocacy right now green light so it's a it's a debit card where school age kids work yeah even around the house and they get a they get a they put it on the yeah and they even have an app so that parents can help kids like manage money on the on the credit it's obviously a startup it's a tech company but the the idea that we need to be thinking about how students are mobile first now with their finances versus you know I mean when I was growing up I actually learned how to write a check most of these students today are probably not writing checks uh but but they need to honor and that makes it more difficult to manage money when it's not tangible now it's all on the screen so it's even more important that we prepare them for that uh because things just look so different and and they have to keep up with the 21st century financial changes including technology yeah committee any final questions this has been very very helpful thank you so I really appreciate you being here in person glad we were able to coordinate it and coming from Florida this should be an absolute shock to you no by that's right you're born and raised yeah yeah I'm new to Miami I've only been there a year and a half I'm really from Brooklyn yeah yeah your passion is contagious yeah that was the same thing you're in a great field senator weeks uh you want me to do you have a question or comment but I did have one question and I'm curious from uh possibly senator uh gulik's uh experience as a teacher what would be the the perceived negative side of adding a semester into the current school curriculum and how and how do administrators respond to to that balance between what's already obligated for students and what could potentially be added such as the the personal finance course just curiosity senator weeks are you asking me or or no no no senator gulik i'm asking you since you have you're in school experience uh you know you you've dealt with the day-to-day pressures on trying to balance uh obligations and timelines and schedules thank you for the question um well first of all I have to say um I taught many years at sx high school and they actually do have a financial literacy program you may know about it um which I think has been very successful so um I would say my only like almost visceral reaction when you talked about implementation was like we've sort of been encouraged not to implement anything new because people are so stressed out post-covid but the fact that you laid out this sort of gradual um get Ted did you want to go ahead send the um the the fact that you laid out a potential gradual integration I think would be really helpful um you know there are stigmas and biases associated with all kinds of things um I'm just going to put that out on the table and I'm just going to leave it there um but uh yeah personally I you know yeah it's a great thing as far as I'm concerned so um I'll add one of the things that we've seen happen in the most recent states that have passed financial education legislation Michigan Ohio these are from 2021 and Rhode Island they have included a lot of flexibility Michigan being the most flexible which is a little funny what they've included is that this half semester of personal finance could or this half year of course full semester course could fulfill many different high school graduation requirements so that the districts and the students decide this could count as a half credit elective this could count as a half credit math this could count as a half credit foreign language in the state of Michigan which is the fun part uh and some people might say personal finance is a foreign language for them but you know every state has sort of decided what works for us and making sure that it's not an added um half credit you know uh which senator weeks mentioned is is a burden to say now we're going to increase so what certain what states like Florida and um Michigan have done is say we're actually going to change the credits by net of zero by saying nope it's going to be an existing half credit of either this this or that so they have the flexibility to choose and it is part of the existing credits awesome yeah I mean the only other negative if you want to say negative is that we're resistant to change and if you're used to teaching algebra and geometry and trigonometry to suddenly have this new curriculum can be challenging but um you know again seems wonderful Mr. Fisher final word goodness um uh Ted Fisher the Reminded Agency of Education and the Agents Director of Communications and Legislative Affairs Senator I apologize I was just trying to catch the chairs and this is partly in um in response to your question Senator through you Mr. Chair um I think actually uh Mr. Chair I might recommend that you um ask my colleague and I know your favorite AOE employee uh Director DeCarolis just DeCarolis who's the Director of our Student Pathways Division this might actually be good opportunity to talk a little bit about just the structure of curriculum and instruction and Vermont's standards based I appreciate this that's been all talking about the um the Vermont proficiency based structure of Vermont is also a local control state what that means is that we set I'm going to do with like the that 25,000 foot overview in two minutes um and ask my colleagues who know a lot more about this than I would come in um the Vermont Vermont in statute you set the requirements for um comprehensive education that then leads to um regulation as Secretary Friend was mentioning statute and regulation that regulation is currently education quality standards which are set by the state Board of Education the state Board of Education also sets standards for all the content areas so think math science global citizenship for example those standards are adopted in the proficiency based system and then uh local um supervisory unions so in Burlington School District is a supervisory union or supervisory district you also have large multi-district desks used in some parts of the state um those supervisory unions um then set curriculum locally right so we require standards at the state level and then they decide in terms of how exactly to meet those standards so when we're talking about a curriculum they could for example adopt and use these kind of curriculums um that's a conversation that's a conversation that's greater than just this particular and I know there's some other areas of curriculum that you might hear about this year um and and I would recommend hearing it from the folks who know much more about than I do because I just exhausted my mind because of the level but okay because I was going to ask you but we can ask um uh Jeff yeah um I think financial literacy is in EQS uh I I do believe so I know we've done a lot of work on it I would want to phone a friend and I believe it's in at least one of our standards I would I would I just would definitely be the one who built an answer with our current departments are um and these are again these are board state board adopts these standards um on a regular basis um I don't remember the last time this particular standard was updated but and Hayden has had a scheduled day or some time for us club heart standards versus you know efficiency versus thank you very very much thank you all so much terrific to have you here and uh welcome back to the northeast thank you you come up more often ladies and gentlemen I think that concludes our work for today thanks very much we are adjourned and you will look forward to seeing everybody tomorrow thank you chair oh next day thank you Hayden