good morning. So, we are back with our lectures on rocket and space craft propulsion. Today, we are going to start a new topic which is orbital mechanics. Before starting that it is just recapitulate what we have discussed so far. We have discussed the history of rocket propulsion. Then we had looked at the performance of a rocket vehicle particularly chemical rocket vehicle chemical rocket derived expression for the thrust and specific impulse. And after that we went on to discuss the flight mechanics or vehicle dynamics. We have seen that the most important parameter is the equivalent the velocity increment that we can achieve. And we have seen that the velocity increment that can be achieved is essentially u equivalent l n 1 by m r where u equivalent is the equivalent velocity m r is the mass ratio which is equal to the final mass divided by initial mass of the rocket. And then after that we derived the dynamism dynamical equations for the single stage rocket. We estimated how far a rocket will go. We discussed the effect of the angle the attitude that is provided for the rocket. After that we went to multi stage rockets. We discussed why having a multi stage configuration is beneficial over a single stage configuration. After that we discussed in detail the optimization of multi stage rockets. We have defined that the optimization the objective is to either get maximum velocity increment or to get a maximum mass ratio which means either we increase the lift the payload mass or the final mass as much as possible or we reduce the initial mass as much as possible. And we have discussed this in detail. Now one point that has came out again and again is the final aim of the entire vehicle dynamics analysis was delta u. How much velocity we can get? Now the question arises that why do we need this delta u? And at at one point of optimization we said our delta u value is given. And we tried to minimize the maximize the payload mass fraction. Now this given value of delta u where do we get it from? First of all why is it required? And that is where the orbital mechanics comes into picture. This is dictated by the mission requirement. When we talk about rockets or space vehicles we specify a mission for the space vehicle. That is the space vehicle has to deliver a payload which typically is a satellite to certain orbit. What do we win by orbit? Orbit is a path followed by the satellite for the present day scenario against earth around the earth. It follows a predefined well defined path and it stays there. Now the question is how do we ensure that the vehicle which is launched from earth reaches that orbit and stays there. And that is where delta u comes into picture. Where the vehicle will stay and at what what how much time it will take to rotate around the earth depends on how much velocity with which it is ejected into the orbit. So, that is where the orbital mechanics comes into picture. I would like to point out here one thing that orbital mechanics is a sub part of space dynamics. Space dynamics in itself is a vast course. There are various issues in space dynamics. For example, when we launch a vehicle it directly does not go to the required orbit. It is first launched into a transition or temporary orbit and from there against from there it is pushed again to the final orbit. So, it is not a single step process. There are multi steps involved in putting a satellite into orbit. And not only that let us say if you have to for example, for example, if I look at say special, special is to go to the orbit and then the orbit and come back. So, that is also a maneuver dictated by space dynamics how it needs to be done. And then when it is entering the earth's atmosphere what should be the velocity because earth's atmosphere is much denser than the outer space. So, the density increases the frictional forces increases and the vehicle which is moving at very high speed when it enters it has to withstand the aerodynamic hitting. So, if it enters at a very steep angle it will just burn out. So, it has to enter at a shallow angle. So, there are various aspects of space dynamics. We will not go into the full detail. We will essentially see what are the conditions that must be there in order for a vehicle to take up our orbit. And when I say orbit essentially it means that it is going round orbit can be circular it can be elliptical, but it is going round and round the heavenly body that is what an orbit is. Now, so therefore, the orbit's are conic sections circle ellipse etcetera. There however, the path of the vehicle when it is flying may not always be ellipse or circle part of ellipse or circle it can be parabola it can be hyperbola. So, depending on this path we will also show that what path is feasible to be transition into orbit and what is not all these things we will discuss. Again I like to point out here that we will not go into the details of the mechanics. We will consider that the mechanics is known we will just do the balance of forces and also energy after a while and essentially do some geometrical manipulation along with the equations of motion to find out which orbit is possible which orbit is not. So, the knowledge we will gain from this discussion is essentially to find out how much velocity we should provide to the vehicle if it has to take up a specified orbit that is the whole crux of this discussion. So, therefore, with this little background let us now talk about orbital mechanics. Now, what is the goal of the orbital mechanics what do you want to find out from there? We want to analyze the propulsive requirements remember that in the rockets and spacecraft propulsion we are talking about the propulsion system only this comes as an input to the rocket designer. So, we want to analyze the propulsive requirement for orbital transfers what do we mean by orbital transfer as I said that when a satellite is launched it is not possible to take it to the desired orbit in one go. So, first is goes into a transfer orbit and from there again it goes to the final orbit. So, essentially there will be multiple orbit it will take till it reaches the final designated orbit. So, there is then an orbital transfer maneuver that needs to be carried out and all this maneuvers essentially depends on how much velocity increment we are giving the point is if it is in one orbit in order to stay in that orbit it has to move with certain delta u or certain u certain velocity when it has to go to some other orbit at certain other distance it has to move to move with some other velocity. So, now this velocity change needs to be provided. So, as the spacecraft designer we want to find out how much velocity change is required. So, that we can design our rocket and how do we design our rocket again the optimization that we will find out how much specific impulse should be there for the rockets or what is the mass ratios different mass how they are distributed. So, that we can achieve this velocity change from going from one orbit to another orbit in the most economical manner. So, that is the final m. So, for orbital transfer or interplanetary missions let us say we want to go from earth to mars. So, that mission requires certain well defined maneuvers where it has to go to one orbit to another orbit to another orbit like that. For example, in the history part I talked about international space station international space station is moving in its own orbit and I have said that the international space station can be used as a launching pad for going to mars. So, now if a vehicle has to go from earth first it has to dock in international space station it will orbit with that then it will take off from there go to some other orbit other trajectory let us say then from that trajectory it will go to a temporary orbit for mars and then go to the final orbit for mars like that it is the mission is defined or decided. So, therefore, for interplanetary mission also it is important to know how the vehicle has to move. Then vehicle trajectories in a gravitational field this must be investigated what do we mean by vehicle trajectory we have talked about the vehicle dynamics. Therefore, part of the dynamics is the path the vehicle is taking that is called vehicle trajectory. Again the path it will take depends on how much velocity initial velocity we have provided. To give you a very simple example let us say this is the basic mechanics example we have let us say a body here and we eject the body by some means with a velocity u and angle theta. Now at the effect of gravity it will take a path where it will reach a maximum point and then come down here. So, this is the range that it is attained. Now if I shoot it with a higher velocity it will go further and go to a larger range. Other hand if I say change this angle theta the initial angle theta if it is reduced it will go to a shorter length. If it is increased it will go to a larger length up to a point beyond that it will come down to a lower orbit. So, therefore, what we can see here is that the point at which this projectile is going to hit the ground depends on the velocity with which it is launched and the angle at which it is launched. So, these are the two most important parameter that will dictate how far will it go. One more point you will see here it is not only how far it is going even what is the maximum height that the projectile is attaining also depends on this two the initial velocity and the angle at which it is launched. So, therefore, the vehicle trajectory and all this variation essentially depends on the gravitational field at which it is operating. This is for Earth's gravitational field when we go outside there is a gravitational field has to be defined separately. So, therefore, what we see is that the vehicle trajectory depends on the initial velocity and the angle. So, for the inter for all these missions then this vehicle trajectory under the gravitational forces must be investigated in order to find out how much velocity change we need to provide. So, before we start designing first thing is to do this a mission is defined and then we have to find out what will it take to attain this mission. So, first part is that so first this is this will define the mission requirement then from the orbital mechanics analysis we will find out what kind of velocity will it take to attain this. After we do that we go back to the discussions that we had so far on vehicle dynamics from there we find out what should be the mass distribution to attain this velocity which these guys are saying is predicting. Once we get that then we go to the actual rocket design once we have the mass distribution we know how much propellant mass is there how much every other mass is then we go to the vehicle rocket engine design then we design the because after that once delta u is fixed we now know how much equivalent velocity is needed to get the equivalent velocity. Now, once we know the required equivalent velocity we design our rocket motor which is the combustor and nozzle to provide that equivalent velocity. So, that is the full I would say algorithm for the design of a rocket vehicle therefore orbital mechanics is the starting point where once the mission is defined we find out the mission requirement. So, coming back to this then let me just draw a schematic let us say that we have a heavily body which is quite massive let us say mass of this body is m dash around it we have an orbit on which a artificial body which is our satellite let us say is moving. Now, first what we do is we will put the nomenclature in place first what we find out is that let us say the radius of this heavily body is r first from the center of this body we find out what is the minimum distance of this trajectory or this path. So, let me say that this is the minimum distance of this path I call it r mean minimum radius. Now, let us say that the vehicle the rocket vehicle is somewhere here sitting like this and moving with the speed u. So, you find out the center of this center of mass of this vehicle and now let us define some parameters the distance between the center of mass of the moving vehicle artificial vehicle and the heavily body is called the radius r and the angle that this radius makes or the this distance makes with the minimum radius is theta the angle theta. Now, when this vehicle is moving let us say we consider a planar motion it is moving in a plane around it. In that case it is moving with this velocity u it actually has two components one is along this radius let us say given by u r and other is tangential to this path given by u theta. Therefore, the resulted velocity is u. So, this is the nomenclature that we have. Now let us also consider that the mass of this small artificial body is m capital M. So, for this vehicle now we want to find out the vehicle dynamics. Now, I like to point out let us let us if I look at natural satellites let us say moon. Moon is a natural satellite of earth. Moon is at a certain distance from the earth and it has certain rotational speed or period with which it is rotating or around the earth. Now, there is gravitational pull between earth and moon because of this gravitational pull if why does not the moon fall back into earth because earth is much heavier than moon right why does not the moon fall back into earth. The reason is this the rotation that it is going through because of this rotation it has some speed defined path or centrifugal force which balances the pull gravitational pull because of that it moves. And if the path was different or if the period was different moon would have fallen into earth or it would have gone out. It cannot be a natural satellite and that is exactly what we are going to talk about in this topic that what will be the condition under which a vehicle becomes a satellite. What will be the conditions where it cannot attain the satellite position it will just move away. So, for example, the meteors these are not satellites asteroids these are not satellites, but they also have some speed defined path only thing is that their speed is such or their trajectory is such that they cannot possibly become a satellite. So, therefore, we will discuss those issues here. So, now coming back to this diagram. So, this is our let us say earth or any heavenly body this is the artificial satellite which is moving with a velocity u at certain angle. First what we will do is we will assume that the thrust has been applied to the impulsively most of the motion occurs under gravitational influence 0 drag and 0 thrust. What does it mean? We will consider that for a very short period of time we provided the thrust and then we have cut off the engine. Because it is short impulsive thrust that has been provided there is a change in the velocity of the vehicle given by delta u which we have discussed. After that the thrust has been cut off and let us say the vehicle is moving in outer space. So, there is no drag then once this velocity increment has occurred now the gravitational force will act on it and then try to stabilize it into a given orbit. So, that is what we say that the thrust is applied impulsively we do not have continuous thrust operating on it only for a short duration it has occurred. If I look at example of a satellite once again the satellite launch we are putting from with a multi stage rocket and one after another the rocket stages are burning out till the final stage is burned out. After the burn out of the final stage the satellite is thrown away and then it separates from the rocket. During this entire process now the satellite has attained a given velocity. Now it moves with that velocity under the influence of gravity and because of that it attends sudden specified trajectory it is not arbitrary the specified trajectory is dictated by the laws of gravity. So, this is what we are trying to find out we have some given some initial velocity after that there is no more additional force acting except the gravitational force and the satellite or the vehicle is reacting to this gravitational force. So, essentially if I look at this vehicle what is the direction of gravitational force which will be acting it will be acting towards the bigger body bigger body will pull it. So, the gravitational force let us say g will be acting in this direction and the vehicle is moving around with certain period it is turning around. So, there is a certain angular velocity with which this is moving and since it is moving in a closed path at every point of time depending on the angular velocity there is a centrifugal force that acts and the centrifugal force will be acting away from it. Now coming back to basic mechanics this is my free body diagram now right that this is my vehicle gravitational force is pulling it towards the center of this bigger body and the centrifugal force is pushing it outward. When these two are balanced only then it will move in this path otherwise it will not if this is greater than this it will be pulled back if this is less than this it will move away. So, therefore, the balance of these two the gravitational force and it is a centrifugal force we will write it as F c these are the two things that gives the vehicle in its intended trajectory or intended path. So, then from this free body diagram now we can write the force balance the force balance is that the gravitational forces is equal to the mass times acceleration in r direction right because the direction that we are looking at is the r direction. Now if we consider that this is positive direction away from radial direction away is the positive direction then the gravitational force will be equal to from Newton's law of gravity g m dash m by r square by r square by r square where g is the universal gravitational constant g is universal gravitational constant. So, the universal constant is value is given as is equal to 6.67 into 10 to the power minus 11 Newton meter square per kg square this is the unit of g then this is the gravitational force acting we will take a minus sign here this is equal to mass times acceleration. So, let me put it mass the mass of the small vehicle is m or our artificial satellite is m and the acceleration now acceleration will have two components one is r other is theta right. So, because actually one because of the this acceleration other is because of this motion. So, there will be two components in acceleration. So, one is because of the radius radial location del square r del t square and other is because of this rotational motion which is given as r d theta d t square. So, this is the basic force balance. For this vehicle so, this is the expression we write in orbital mechanics or in mechanics we will write it little more different little differently. What we see is that the first term is the second derivative in time right. So, we can write it as r double dot here we have first derivative in theta square. So, this equation if I rewrite it I can write it as minus g m bar m by r square equal to m r theta r double dot minus r theta dot square let me call this equation one this is coming from the force balance in the r direction. Now, we do not have any force in the theta direction right. So, there is no force in theta direction. As we have seen that the force is all in the r direction. So, there are no forces in the theta direction. So, there is no acceleration in the theta direction also. If there is no force there is no acceleration from Newton's laws if there is no acceleration. Then, the momentum is conserved. According to Newton's law, force is rate of change of momentum and force is mass times acceleration. So, if there is no acceleration, there is no force which means there is no change in momentum. So, therefore, in theta direction there is no change in the net momentum and the theta direction momentum is called angular momentum. Therefore, there is no change in angular momentum of this body. First of all, let me get what is angular momentum? Angular momentum is given as mass times radius square times rotational speed theta dot is equal to essentially omega. Essentially, what it is given as angular momentum, let me write it as tau equal to mass times u times r, where u is the speed with which it is moving in theta direction or say u theta and what is u theta equal to r omega. So, u theta equal to r omega and omega is nothing but theta dot rate of change of angle or angular rotational speed. Therefore, this becomes equal to m r square theta dot. So, this was just a small detour, where we have shown that the angular momentum is given as mass times radius square times theta dot theta dot is the angular speed. So, here I designate because this is the typically the designation of angular momentum in flight mechanics or sorry special dynamics. So, h is angular momentum is m r square theta dot. Now, this is not changing. Therefore, this is equal to a constant. This is important to know. And then, if the angular momentum is constant, it is constant at every point on this trajectory. Therefore, it is constant its value at minimum r is equal to its value at r. So, I can write this as m r minimum square theta dot. This is what the angular momentum is, which is a constant value. Now, let me call this equation 2. If we now combine equation 1 and 2, combining equation 1 and 2, we get an expression here for r. Let us next combine equations 1 and 2. Of course, it will require some algebra after we combined we and rearrange. We get an expression for r. This will simplify for r here. So, the expression for r will be notice one thing. My h is constant. So, from here solving from this h, I can get an expression for theta dot in terms of minimum r and mass, which is a known quantity. We can put it back into this equation. Now, this theta dot is a function of h m r minimum square. So, then it comes here like this. So, now, what we will have is a differential equation in r, because there is a second derivative in time. Now, we integrate that over the required time period and we get the final expression for r.  Let me call this equation a. Once again, I have been giving some homeworks. So, this is another homework. I think it will be homework number 5 to show this expression. So, derive this expression. Now, what we have is an expression for r in terms of universal gas constant, the conserved angular momentum, the mass of the bigger body, heavenly body, the mass of the satellite, the minimum distance of the satellite from the body and at a particular instant of time, the angle that this makes with this body. We have got this expression. Now, this is the general equation for orbit. The same expression or very similar expression, if I look at the general expression for a conical section. So, conic section, not conical section, the general expression for a conic section. What is a conic section? A conic section is like ellipse, hyperbola, parabola, etcetera. So, the conic sections are ellipse, then parabola, then hyperbola. So, the conic sections, these are the general conic sections. So, if I now look at the general expression for a conic section in polar coordinate system, what is a polar coordinate system? It is r theta z. So, we are having here r theta and since we are talking about a planar motion, so z is not appearing here. So, essentially if I look at the general expression for a conic section in a polar coordinate system, this looks very similar to that.  Let me call this b. This comes from geometry. So, this is the general expression for a conic section. Notice the similarity between these two. They look very similar in form. This term here can be equated to this. This term here epsilon upon a 1 minus epsilon square can be equated to this, because we have cos theta appearing here. So, if we consider this path taken is a conic section, we now have a similarity between the general definition of a conic section and the orbital mechanics. So, what we can do from here is very interesting. If we define the path, then all these geometrical parameters, I will explain what these geometrical parameters are fixed. So, now I know let us say value of a epsilon etcetera. I can just equate this to this. I know this value. I know this value. I can find out h. Similarly, I can find out the minimum r. So, once I have that, I can then calculate back the velocity, because now the orbital requirement is specified. So, therefore, that is the advantage that our general equation of the orbit, which we derived from force balance is very similar to the general equation for a conic section. So, in this case epsilon is called as eccentricity. Now, I think we are almost reaching the end of this hour. So, I would like to point out here that the eccentricity first of all relates to this value here. We can simplify this little bit and get an expression for eccentricity, which is epsilon is equal to, it will be then given as function of the angular momentum h square g, which is universal gravitational constant m dash m square upon r minimum minus 1. So, this is the expression for eccentricity and the equation for the conic section is this. Now, what happens in practical scenario? This is what is specified. The path is specified. So, this is the equation for the path of the vehicle or the trajectory of the vehicle. So, this is specified to us. We just now find out from this, what solving this equation along with this, what are the values of a and epsilon and then, first a and epsilon value first we can solve from here. Then, we can put it back into this equation and get the values of h and r minimum. That is the crux of this entire thing. So, I will stop here now and the next thing we discuss now is go into a details of conic sections. I have so far defined eccentricity, which is a parameter, but I have not defined it geometrically. I have not defined a. So, now we will go into the discussion of conic sections and define this parameters. So, that you will see that once the path is specified or the trajectory is specified, what should be the values of this and then from there I will show how to estimate the velocity increment required to attain the given mission, which is to put the vehicle into a predetermined orbit or trajectory. So, that is what we are going to do next. So, next lecture we are going to focus on the geometry of conic sections. You have any question? So, what I will do is I will stop here for today and in the next lecture we will start from the geometry of conic section, which is essentially discussing this equation equation b in more detail with respect to ellipse parabola hyperbola etcetera. Thank you very much.


Managing conflict between team members can be a difficult task, and sometimes no matter what you do, the conflict remains. Conflict impacts the team, the individuals and you, in fact nobody wins. Conflict starts with what people think, feel and do, and the source of the conflict may not be the people who don't get in, or are in open conflict. I take you through five steps to tackle conflict between individuals or teams. Get more insight into why the conflict is happening and give yourself a much better chance of resolving the conflict permanently. Here's what I'm covering. Step 4 includes five tips to handle conflict between employees where differences of opinion or perspectives appear the main reason for the conflict. My name is Jess Coles and I've had a 25 year management career in corporates and household names through to SME. Conflicts between sensible people usually comes from differences or some form of pressure, fear or threat. For example, I saw one colleague, let's call them Bill, behave very poorly towards a new team member who was doing a very good job and the conflict between them stopped once Bill was confident his position was not under threat. If you're new to this channel, enhance dot training shares, business and people management expertise to help you improve your performance and that of your team and business. If you like this video, please give it a thumbs up and subscribe. The first step to manage conflict between team members is to be proactive. If conflict between employees has arisen, then chances are it will not reduce or go away without changing what is causing the conflict. Conflict within your team does not help anyone. Those directly involved in the conflict nor those that have to work around them. The team atmosphere can quickly drop and the team performance will probably follow. So be proactive and take steps to resolve the conflict between the team members. Don't let the conflict fester and get worse. Before you take action, finding out what the issues are creating the conflict is a pretty critical step. Ask the individuals who are in conflict what they think and feel.  What might cause person X to behave like that? What organisational rules or goals might put you into conflict with person X? Get specific examples of the behaviour causing the conflict rather than just gathering opinion. Then speak to those who are working around the individuals in conflict. You know, speak to their peers, their line reports, the junior members of the team. Ask what they are seeing. Ask them what is causing the conflict in their view. You are looking for patterns in the behaviour within the conflict. Aim to understand what the causes might be, not just the resulting behaviour of the conflict. Remain as impartial as possible. You're looking to find out what is going on and work out the why. It is too early to reach conclusions and certainly don't take sides. The second step to tackle conflict between team members is to deal with the difficult people and the incompetence. Conflict between team members can be caused by people with behavioural problems such as bullies and it can be caused by incompetent people. Both situations need to be tackled to remove this potential cause of conflict between employees. Those with behavioural problems such as bullies or overly demanding people or difficult people need to be tackled. For some, their behaviour can be changed through coaching, good management or taking away the stresses or fears causing their behaviour. For others with behaviours very ingrained or they're just unwilling to change their approach then work out what action you need to take to change the dynamic such as moving them into another team or another role or worst case, moving them out of the company. Incompetent people, those that have been promoted too far or whose jobs have grown too big for them, say within a fast growing company, can cause a lot of conflict. Their actions cause problems for those that work with them and those that work around them and if people are constantly having to clear up after them they're going to grow angry and resentful, which can quickly lead to conflict. Get the incompetent individuals into a more appropriate position in which they can make a much more positive contribution to their colleagues and the company. Take action to remove these sources of conflict between team members. And once you've removed conflicts caused by dysfunctional people and incompetent people or work out that neither of these are the cause of the conflict between employees then the third step to handling conflict between team members is to dig under the surface. Once the more obvious causes of conflict between employees have been checked for and removed then causes of conflict can be due to organisational setup, conflicting goals, overlapping responsibilities or territories or recent changes implemented to name a few. Dig under the surface and piece together the possible underlying sources of the conflict. Check firstly areas of responsibility, ensuring there are no overlaps. Secondly, goals or objectives. How goals for individuals, teams and departments might be causing conflict to arise between individuals. Thirdly, performance levels. Differing performance levels for those in similar roles could be causing fears or perceived as a threat or in teams and bigger groups as well. Fourth, managers. Is the manager or management figures putting pressure or setting up individuals to potentially come into conflict? This might be you or other managers around those people. And fifth, any other underlying reasons that are causing misunderstandings, threats to status or influence within the business or impacting the work input or output of one or both parties to the conflict. It can take some digging to find out the real issues, particularly as the individuals involved in the conflict between the team members may not be aware of why the conflict is happening. Ask as many people around the situation as possible to get many viewpoints and don't forget to look at yourself as possible causes of conflict. Find the underlying causes and you have options to permanently remove the conflict and thus behaviors of conflict between the team members. The fourth step to manage conflict between team members is to work on the communication. When you understand the underlying causes of the conflict, working out a lasting solution to the conflict obviously becomes a lot more probable. Communication between the parties to build a true understanding of each party's views, feelings and reference point is likely to make a significant positive difference in the conflict. If they understand what is behind the conflict, differences of opinion, very different assumptions or references, different pressures or goals imposed upon them or other external factors, most people will change their perceptions and the conflict reduces or even ceases. For causes of conflict that are largely contained between two individuals, such as differences of opinion, get the individuals in a room together. To improve communication and understanding, take the role of mediator rather than manager. Ask questions to get them thinking rather than tell them information. Lead them to understanding of the other person's position. Lead them to a decision or compromise but don't make it for them. If they rather than you provide a solution or reach compromise, which they think is fair, then they are much more likely to own it and therefore it to be a success. As a mediator, you are also there to help reach a compromise, which is fair in your eyes too. Five sensible steps to improve communication and reduce conflict are firstly speak to each person separately to understand their issues, viewpoints, pressures, etc. Don't take sides. Secondly, bring the two parties together in a private meeting and act as a mediator. Third, ask questions to build the understanding and discussion between the two parties in conflict. Don't tell them information or your opinions. Fourth, help both parties reach a compromise or a mutual understanding which both parties feel is fair. And fifth, help the parties implement the agreed solution or compromise. If the main cause of the conflict is external to the individuals or the team, then additional actions are likely needed. The fifth step to managing conflict between employees is to implement change. Implementing change, as many of you will know, is not easy. You have to get the individuals and teams brought into the change being proposed for it to have a chance of being successfully implemented. For causes of conflict that are mainly external to team members, such as conflicting areas of responsibility or goals or objectives, you as their manager need to make changes to resolve the conflict. As an example where it is your call to set responsibilities for each party, where one person's responsibilities stop and the other starts, or setting both parties' goals, making the changes is within your control. Communicating and persuading those within your team to accept the changes should be very doable. If others outside yourself and your team are responsible for inadvertently causing conflict, you know, say, setting up conflicting team goals, then building support for change is important to make that change happen. An example of conflicting goals could be, you know, the sales team with a revenue-only target and the finance team with a profit-only target and the finance team and the sales team keep getting irated each other. You might need to speak to each person on the management team and separately persuade them to change how the goals are calculated. Or get the finance team and the sales team to hammer out mutually supportive goals and then take this to the management team. If you don't build support to get enough people to support the changes proposed, to have enough people to overcome the vested interest or general inertia, change will not happen and the conflicts will persist. This helps no one. So take the time to build support and gain allies to make sure the change happens. So in summary, the causes for conflict between team members covers a wide range from individual to individual through to teams and functions being in conflict within a business. When conflict between employees or even teams occurs, take action to reduce or resolve the conflict as quickly as possible. Get as much support and help as you need. The five steps to handle conflict between team members and between teams we've talked about are, firstly, be proactive, the why matters. Secondly, deal with difficult people and incompetence. Third, dig under the surface. Fourth, work on the communication. Fifth, implement change. If you have any questions, please leave them in the comments section below and I'll get back to you. Thanks very much for watching and I look forward to seeing you again soon.


Ladies and gentlemen for the last two episodes it has been a win or go home But none are as big as this game at one point I was four and three thanks to EA's kukri, but whatever and we got a clutch Seven-point victory in week eight that led us to last week week nine where we played an Insane one-point victory game topped off. Thanks to Anthony bars pick two Football achievement this close to a playoff first, you know, I'm pretty sure when the Giants won their Super Bowl They were like 11 and 5 in the regular season. That's how I feel right now I feel like Eli Manning Tom Brady's kryptonite the odds have been stacked against us in this final season to wheel them up But it doesn't matter today We embark on a journey to secure our final dub lock in a playoff spot And hopefully make a deep push all the way to our fifth Super Bowl ring. Oh my god I'm oh my god. Wait my analogies gets even better The 2011 New York Giants are the only team in NFL history to win a Super Bowl following a 9-7 regular season they weren't 11-5 they were 9 and 7 that's more like it for this squad And this is the team as of right now That's gonna be taking us into that six-and-three game You're used to all these faces Darren Waller an excellent 94 plus O line boober bop I had to tell Jones DK Metcalf Charlie joiner I would really like a new half back in quarterback do these guys have been amazing to get us where we've got but they're not playoff caliber players I'm sorry Defensively, I'm not really hung up on anything I think like a gold 99 right end would be nuts as well as a better backup Detackle for when I go like goal line sets and stuff, but Randy Moss feeling Ramsey Julio Jones Shawn Taylor Isaiah Simmons That's pretty amazing. And you know what Anthony Barr is two upgrades away from becoming the gold 99 so I'm happy with my linebackers, too. Oh my god. I have the most insane news. Oh my god How do I almost forget about this? You are seeing this video on April 28? And as you know April 28 is the NFL draft number one make sure you go check out MMG live right after this video I'm definitely live. We're doing a huge draft party.  We want to send you to the draft The gold ultimate free space players better off this burger. Yeah, okay, I was like, hey, I'd love to go to the draft But I'm crazy busy. I'm really sorry.  Like a first on pick or anything but on Saturday the 30th I will have a pick and it's supposed to be Detroit Lions, which is literally insane So I don't know what round exactly yet. Uh, and if the Lions trade that pick it will no longer be Lions So there's a chance it's not but it's supposed to be a Lions pick It would be so insane on the 30th. Make sure you tune in but dude I'm gonna get to go up there suit and tie blazer on porn stash and announce a draft pick It's it's a dream come true. So I love you boys. Thanks as always and uh, I can't wait to do that But all right, let's get into the wheel of my baby. This is what's important The most important thing I'm thinking right now is a gold 99 hat back or quarterbacks So we'll see what we can snag but no promises It's a big maybe because I'm not gonna lie I was on twitch doing these re-rolls and they're kind of trash, but I get 10 89 plus draft re-rolls I get to choose one player out of those ten to keep on my team Also, if I even get a 93 or a 95 I can keep that too So and I know the animation the animation is a 97 plus and it's when you get like the light blue border wrapping the car That's how you know you got a 97 plus. So this pack three right here pack three no animation But we do get you know what low-key Sean Slater doesn't help us either because I already got Cam Jordan all three are L's right now There's like eight gold 99s one is a wide receiver. The other's a tight end. There's a JC horn corner There's a sequel Barclay halfback one out of ten is a quarterback So not only did I go 99, but I also got the position I needed. I will I actually have I have five more So that's five.  There is no player better than Josh Allen for me, bro This is the eight right here. The odds are the odds of that are just it's like you already have the 2% to even pull it and then it's also one and ten on top of that for to be the position I needed that's wheel a mottlock right there. This is exactly what I want So abilities wise in the shot down. Let's take a peek at him gun slinger and then hot rod master four additional hot rods Let's look at his stats and he has 91 speed at least yes six foot five 91 speed faster more throw power more accurate. He's literally better in every single stat other than play All right, let's get into our second will spin So on this will spin I mean if I'm gonna be really greedy a half back would be cool, too But I'd also take a left tackle Maybe robber hunt if I can get it Jackpot drop big jackpot is awesome, but it's not really awesome unless we talked to echo first Let's say what he has a echo pick on random number one through 32 Okay, so we can get any player in animal history was drafted number 24 there could be like some insane sleeper I don't know about but we'll have to see holy shit Ed Reed was a 24th overall pick in 2002 That was Dallas Clark at oh three Jonathan Joseph and oh six Brandon Maryweather Chris Johnson Najee Harris was number 24 and 2021.  Wow. I thought that that pick was gonna be horrible. It's actually insane Oh, yeah, we're running it. So it's a jackpot. I can run a power up Hey, we got to clap it up for Bo Jackson. Oh Bo Jackson was spectacular He did exactly what we needed them to do and now we're gonna take a gold 99 Najee Harris I will go freight train tank and jukebox just the same way we ran bow I know that I don't like I should have like bruiser. I think but like I feel like tank on its own It's just so good. I don't think I really need to do that. All right. Let's let's look at his stats now 97 speed 98 excel 98 truck 96 break tackle 95 changing direction 6 to 230 is heavy and relatively tall. He's gonna be a monster There's no question Josh Allen Najee Harris Bo Jackson 96 overall team for wheel of mind It's really sinking in that I'm six and three right now. I'm really nervous. I want this one and I want it bad All right, ladies and gentlemen that leaves us with the challenge wheel in the biggest game It's the biggest game of season. It's final season wheel of month We're six and three have to hold my opponent to less than a hundred seventy five yards passing. Let's clamp Let's run. Let's pass us to everything right and win this game up three There's two brand new visitors to our top three won't be back. What do you got buddy Randall C Ray Lewis? Megatron he's gonna run the ball to he's got a little Barry Sanders action I like that we have to go low on this Barry because he has tank So we have to go low Devin White is back to my user. Anthony Bar comes off the edge now I had both let's go So you started out an Anthony bar in his face made that easy and I cannot tell you how nice it is So once again have a user that has lurker his Anthony bar might not have jumped like that I'm throwing this underneath if he doesn't see it. He doesn't see it. There's Najee. Let's see it buddy There's Najee oh Yes, it is. Let's go Najee get through it. Is that a first? It's not I'm going inside zone. Does he know? Oh, he does but Najee gets it anyway. Let's go is Jack young blood Taylor mace has got Barry outside linebacker It's Michael Brockers with inside stuff. There's a chance Michael Brockers just blows this up, but I'm going for it Good juke Najee it was it's a positive two yards. Oh Left side holds He clamped me there that whole time in a game like this so crucial and I get handed an INT I'm fine playing conservative. Ooh Good decision Clay Matthews with the TFL. He's dedicated dude. He's dedicated. Oh great play But Barry with tank if your computer tries to hit stick he'll break the tackle play action. What is this? What are you doing? No way you just got that off a PA shot pose, bro. Let's just clamp for tonight might throw Hawkinson quick He can't throw Barry. It's not open. There's nothing open get there Yes, he dropped it. I don't know who that was or how they fumbled that bag so bad But I think it threw a half back and I like Hail Mary base first in 10. Let me see if it's possible bounce it left Yes, sir get a juke.  We're gonna cut it back to where Ray Lewis was they fly around You got to give him credit and this is why I use identifier this exact moment right here I imagine if I couldn't see his user here and scare the piss out of me. Oh cup was there so easily But Josh Allen is too 99 Josh Allen made it look way too easy. He rode on Ray Lewis. Did you see that there at the end Ray Lewis? He literally rode on Ray Lewis's helmet. There's a little sauce actually And then he whipped on him. What's more disrespectful than that? Nope. Oh Barry might be open got to him. What ability do I have on the entity bar again?  I forgot I think it's crusher or deflator. It's one of the two throw here Too tall Jones is in his head. We are so in his head right now. Just pay a shot go maybe.  Maybe or the underneath Okay, I'm fine with this one. Go ahead Anthony bar. That's why we use crusher right there Nothing crazy. He can check down if he wants or he can throw up here if he wants. Oh I thought that was Anthony Bar the line here boys hold the line That's fine by me No way. Yes, sir Julio Jones on Megatron two of the best receivers of this decade going at it up there I'm not sure how aggressive I want to get but that's 17 seconds in three timeouts I think a user playmaker is gonna work. Oh Darren Waller. Normally I would but he is way too open Okay, so he's gonna go guard that now and there's my check down to Najee Harris and that was six seconds off the clock I still got a timeout. I'm already in field going rich.  Oh my god It's not even difficult for him.  He's on the logo, and he's got like 10 yards ago It's kind of fucked up actually I wonder if they make Justin Tucker kick further in Ford field works out for me If that's the case the longer this game goes on the more passing yards He's gonna get whether or not I'm winning so the soonest game ends I could actually lock in my challenge less than 175 passing yards young right side stretch He's way out of position with Ray Lewis. Oh Darren Waller you couldn't be wow you can rack that gray blocks beautiful blocks.  Oh my god, dude Dude, this reminds me of Madden 20 single back do's clothes stretch I'm bringing a weak side and that is literally so free It's unbelievable great tackle by him. I still got the tiny nausea. Oh, he's a subscriber That's awesome. Andy's a lion's fan. What a homey wolfie. Hey, thanks for playing me, bro. Thanks for the freedom All right, if they bars in the middle now if I can get a really good release I get a sack right here Wait right here throw right here And you know what it's so funny the dude I just subbed in Jalen Phillips almost just got a sack Which is so annoyingly ironic, but it wasn't a sack. So Wait, I can pitch the bar bar should be behind me. Oh He's got to be behind me somewhere Where is he?  I could have had like three different touchdowns. None of them were Anthony bar I'm gonna scream right side you can side of that Well, there's a lot of things I can do here Yes, sir, yes, we're just gonna do an overload blitz on the right side and I'll use her Jalen Phillips The ball bigy.  I'm not on Anthony bar. I would go lurk that right now if I was Death taxes and trying to use her with Anthony bar doesn't work The guarantees in life That's literally exactly why I need lurker Oh Good ball. Come on Anthony bar. Let's get it one final run with Najee to top this game off See a good blocks boys Najee breaks the tackle play off bound I did say I'm taking out that rule about upgrading with the challenge wheels So I can't upgrade them using the challenge real I do get one pack from the store though seven and three our next game is a wild card playoff game nervous Excited nervous it's been a minute since I opened an ultimate legends fantasy pack So what are we talking about here? Hey Marcus Spears? Sure.  Okay, so a whole lot of nothing That's fine. Yeah, you I need a crazy good pull for it to be something zonklers Zonklers times two. Wait a second. Do I put zonklers in for bowl? I feel like I'm obligated to it's the zonklers Bro, that's an amazing bowl. My god. It doesn't help me But like there's a bunch of season where it would have them 93 So comparison wise he's obviously slower doesn't have as much carrying or catching But he's plus 20 run block plus 32 lead block plus eight impact block and he's stronger 96 overall wheel of mud squad heads into the playoffs in episode number 76 the next episode Um, you might actually be seeing wheel of 2k for that episode. So good news for those of you love wheel 2k Let's finish this season out strong. We have four episodes left assuming we make the Super Bowl We have a sick team dude.  I love you Thanks watch as always and I'll see you guys in the next video. Peace out