Fy g挫gun, newidwch i sut yn dweud, iawn, Jacki B 54? Fy gweithiau Oes Ythom ni, gw efect y cymryd nifer empannau ddydd ag рукod fyrddwr. Fy gweithi'n ddaf yn ddiweddargiad y cyfr wennod o'r шcenedd ac yn cael deum…… …menodd i'r ffr forg leolicŷr fraith y dale. Dyma yw wedi'r s Canton an.(時候, gan robiwch, gan rhai rac y lle…) … mewn cray Chi ond iawn, a hwnnw stai o'v stimulation. Fy gweithio yn y bwysig heb yn cael ei gweld bysig yn gweithwyr, maes yn gweithwyr cais 25 miliwn mlynedd ar ymlaen Inside.  Rwy'n mynd i gael i'r cyflwystaethau a'r athlates. Yn y ddechrau, mae'n mynd i ddiddordeb yn Scotland wedi'u llwyaf o'r ddechrau ar ddechrau 2007? Mae'n ddiddordeb i'r ddiddordeb yn Deydeb, i gael i'r amser yng Nghymru i ymddiadau Coslau, a'u ddiddordeb i'r ddiddordeb i ddiddordeb o'r rhaglen fathlach i ddiddordeb i ddiddordeb i ddiddordeb i ddiddordeb, I think that that is a considerable achievement in the face of Westminster austerity cutbacks. I know that Labour councils were the most enthusiastic in responding to the Scottish Government's urgings in maintaining the number of teachers. Jackie Baillie? That is how it is. That is how it is. That is how it is. I suppose that probably falls into the First Minister's category of the most accurate answer that anybody has ever given in any Parliament, and we know what nonsense that was. The First Minister knows that I am a kind and helpful person, so let me help him out here. Between 2007 and 2013, the number of teachers in Scotland dropped by 4,000. That is 4,000 fewer teachers in our classrooms teaching our children, and it is the poorest kids and those who need the most support who will suffer. The experts are worried, Presiding Officer. They do not agree that this is because of falling school roles. On Tuesday, the teachers union, the EIS, told this Parliament that every week pupils are sent home because of a lack of teachers. The National Parent Forum said that the poorest pupils will be worse off and get less support because of the cuts. The First Minister will not tell us the truth about the drop in teacher numbers. Maybe he can perhaps be more forthcoming about another issue. Can the First Minister tell us whether the total number of people going to college in Scotland has gone up or down since 2007? The number of teachers in Scotland in 2011 was 51,212. These are teachers employed by local authorities. In 2012, 51,100, in 2013, 50,932. That means that COSLA and Labour councils across Scotland and SNP councils have kept to the agreement of maintaining the teacher pupil ratio at the 2011 level of 13.5. I think that that is a considerable success against the austerity cuts that Scotland has suffered from Westminster. I think that, given that that is part of an agreement that has encompassed the leaders of councils across Scotland and the Scottish Government, I would have thought that Jackie Baillie would acknowledge that her party has some part in the maintenance and the success in maintaining teacher numbers and the teacher pupil ratio in those circumstances. I hope that Jackie Baillie is prepared to celebrate the huge and substantial successes of Scottish education, the record exam results, the hugely promising and effective introduction of curriculum for excellence, and the fact that the concentration of our college courses on courses which give people full-time qualifications is one of the reasons that we are seeing such hopeful signs in the huge and substantial decline in youth unemployment. Of course, full-time college places have been maintained in terms of the full-time equivalents as we promised in our manifesto. These are substantial achievements, not just of the Government but of the teachers, the lecturers and the pupils and the students across Scotland. Jackie Baillie. Can I suggest that the First Minister doesn't hide behind the professionals involved because they are the ones making the complaints about his education system? Do you know, if I was a teacher, the First Minister's report card would be marked lack's attention, could try harder and can't even grasp the basics. So let me tell him about the college experience because the reality is the number of college students in Scotland has been cut by 140,000 since 2007. That's 140,000 fewer people going to college and making a better life for them and their families. He knows there's a cut, I know there's a cut, the people watching at home know there's a cut. The First Minister dodged my first two questions. How about we go for third time lucky? Can the First Minister tell us whether the number of Scottish students going to university from the poorest areas of the country has gone up or down in recent years? First Minister. There are substantial improvements in exactly that ratio, thanks to a number of initiatives that the Government has taken, particularly the maintenance of the educational maintenance rate payments, which have been abolished in England but maintained here in Scotland helping exactly the poorest students in the country. Of course, the Labour Party's checkered track record in failing to support those initiatives, helping students from deprived families, is a matter of record in this Parliament. The achievements of Scottish education against the significant pressure of funding cutbacks for Westminster is something for which this Government is rightfully proud. In terms of allocating credit to that for the teachers of Scotland, for the introduction, the successful introduction of curriculum for excellence against that background, I think I'm allocating the credit where credit is undoubtedly due. I think that the Government can take some credit, however, for the successful introduction and maintenance and expansion of the school building programme, the schools for the future programme. You see, I remember it wasn't so long ago when Jackie Baillie was health minister when our colleagues were questioning our education when they were saying that we weren't building any schools in Scotland. We now have the figures for the first seven years of SNP Government against the background of austerity, 463 school building projects completed since 2007, 135 more than the 328 in eight years of Labour Liberal Administration. I know that Jackie Baillie doesn't want to celebrate these new schools across Scotland and the conditions in which our pupils are now being taught, but will she at least acknowledge if we wind the clock back to some people in the back benches used to be in the front benches, really winding the clock back when I look at some of these Labour members. It was the claim of the Labour Party that we couldn't build any schools. They said we weren't building a single school. In fact, we built substantially more in seven years than the Labour Party meant in the entire time and office. Jackie Baillie, Presiding Officer, even by the First Minister's usual standards, that was truly woeful. For all of his responses—can I just say to him, you're not in the playground any more, First Minister—you can't say a big boy did it and then ran away. Education is fully devolved, it's your responsibility. Let me just say to the First Minister, his Government celebrates percentages. We talk about real people and here are the facts. The First Minister knows that the number of Scottish students going to university is down by 12,000 and for those from the poorest backgrounds is down by over 3,000. The universities are cut by 35 per cent, student debt is up by 69 per cent and despite the First Minister's assertions, the reality is that he is failing Scotland's future. The truth is that there are fewer teachers giving our children the education that they need. There are fewer college places for people trying to get on in life and the poorest people are less likely to go on to university under this SNP Government. He should be ashamed. Isn't it the case that when the First Minister leaves Bute House for the last time, he should perhaps consider taking the education secretary with him? That, of course, is a record number of students going to full-time courses in colleges and universities across Scotland. It is a huge achievement and, in contrast to what is happening south of the border, to the initiative that this Government has taken, we have seen a closing in the gap in terms of the access to our universities and colleges of students from underprivileged backgrounds. That has been the point of maintaining their educational maintenance allowance. Of course, that has been proved possible because education is free in Scotland. We abolished the back-end tuition phase introduced by the Labour Party and restored education on the basis of merit and achievement, not on the basis of the size of your checkbook. I know that whichever candidate was successful for leadership of the Labour Party, one of the first things on their agenda will be the reintroduction of tuition fees. I can just say to Jackie Baillie that that will not be tolerated or accepted by the people of Scotland. I thought that the point of peak absurdity in the line of Jackie Baillie's question was when she said that the Labour Party celebrates percentages. Are they celebrating the 23 per cent percentage of people currently voting for the Labour Party? I'm told that I heard on the radio this morning that there are scientists at Glasgow University who are researching the expanding nature of the universe, and there are political scientists all over Scotland who are researching the contracting nature of the Scottish Labour Party, from big bang to black hole, expansion of the universe, disappearance of the Labour Party in Scotland. Rhyf Davison. Rwyf Davison, i gydagrwch neeach o ddechrau gyda Naesodd. Rhyf Davison, ddweud. Rhyf Davison, mae gydagrwch ganddechrau o ddyglu тыchid gan gyflwyno. Gweithiwn, mae'r edrych yn ffarras gwrth gwrs, ac mae'n gwrth gwrs o gydagrwch o'i iawn, er mwyn gofynol i'r bâtfyrdd a'r gyflawn. Rwyf bawb gwaith, oedden nhw, a'r newydd diwglu iawn. Yn ysgrifennid, y ddechrau, Cair Blwymor wedi'i gweithio y bwch i'r ystodol yn y troi'r eich cyfnod o'r gennym, i wedi'i gweithio'r tynnu ar gyfer caelno'r ffagoriaeth, oedd yn ystodol y bydd y maesafio'r ysgrifennid yn cael y gweithio'r edrych. Mae'r ddweud yn cael y bwch yn ei graf o'r ysgrifennid, ac mae'n gweithio'r ysgrifennid yn ei graff. Mae'n ddigonwch ond ein bod angen i chi i'ch gweithio'r ysgrifennid, The Education and Welfare Committee of Tuesdays, two parent groups, are the scrapping of local authority education boards altogether. I want to ask the First Minister. Now that he's got one foot out of the door, can I ask him why? Why is he so wedded to councils being the only provider of free education in this country? Why does he believe that there is no better way of doing this? Mae'n ystod y cyhoedd gweithgwyng, yw Ianeddiaill Ysgolennu. Mae'r gwneud oherwydd yn ei bobl yn i'n rhan ff番wthlet a'r Cymru. Rwyf dawno'n rhan i'n meddwl fanfflit. Rwyf am dweud i ddeithasus i ddweud i ddeithasus ddull â ceir Blwmer, yr ardigol â hyn gyfan hynny, dweud i ddeithasus eich gweithiau. Mae'n ystod yn ei bod yn meddwl. Mae'n fawr i gael i ddim ymddangasus dros eu ddeithasus ar dgwch yn ddeithasus-nos. I did not feel that doing both the preface and the introduction, as Ruth Davidson did, was perhaps the best use of resources in terms of developing that pamphlet, but when people in that pamphlet argued that we should adopt the rampant disorganisation and privatisation according to the national union of school teachers that is being deployed south of the border as the means of going forward in Scottish education, then they may stake absolutely the temper of the people. If she cares to study Keir Bloomer's article that she cited, she will say that he notes, although he says the difference is not massive, that of course it is a matter of fact, that in terms of international comparisons, in terms of the piece of study, we have arrested the decline that was taking place till 2006. He also notes that on two out of the three measurements, the Scottish performance is ahead of that south of the border. Given those facts, why on earth would anyone in Scotland be interested in the advocation by the Conservative party and their advocacy of adopting the disastrous disorganisation of the English education system far better to pursue the education system that we have in Scotland? Ruth Davidson? The First Minister clearly did not read Professor Lindsay Patterson's entry, where he compared the two and said, and again I quote, Mr Gove's public preference is the more compelling. It's interesting that the First Minister references the Keir Bloomer essay and talks about the piece of study because he goes into that in some great detail. He shows in that, that the year that this Parliament started, Scotland's schools were performing well above the international average. Since then, we have dropped 20 points in reading, 35 points in maths and 9 points in science. Our young people are less able to compete now than they were at the start of devolution. We must do better. So why does this Government dismiss the lessons that can be learned from the charter schools movement in Canada and America, the free school reforms of Sweden or the technical colleges of Japan? Across the globe, school autonomy drives up standards. The First Minister sticks rigidly to the one-size-fits-all approach on education, so rather than self-congratulation, shouldn't this Government put its ego aside and learn the lessons from around the world? First Minister? Since she is quoting Keir Bloomer, she will accept, as I stated in my first answer, that he notes that the decline in performance that was noted between 1999 and 2006 has been arrested in terms of the PISA comparison since. He notes that in his article, and she must accept that because it is there in black and white. I was interested in the Conservatives' offering of New Zealand and America as the international examples that we should follow, because in the same standards, the PISA examples, we have substantially closed the gap with New Zealand in the last few surveys. Secondly, we are ahead of America in the measurements. Why would it be a fantastic example to quote in the Conservative party press release of two countries, one of which we have closed the gap and the other which, in the case of America, that we are substantially ahead? Can I not, Ruth Davidson, understand this, that in terms of the vast expansion of nursery education, Scotland is doing well? In terms of the exciting development of curriculum for excellence, Scotland is doing well? In terms of the Ian Wood commission, in terms of vocational education and how it relates to the colleges, Scotland has got an exciting opportunity to develop vocational education through the cool school and college curriculum. In terms of our advocacy of free education, then we have been vindicated by the success of our universities over the last few years. All of those aspects, Scottish education is performing well. As we go forward into the future to enhance and improve that informance, let us do it in terms of the Scottish principles of education. That means that each child should get an equal chance, not have to pay by the check group for education and not go down the road of privatisation and disintegration, like the Tories south of the border. I have a number of constituency questions today. Last week, I wanted to get through as many as possible, so brief questions and brief answers. Christian Allard. I am sure that the First Minister and the chamber will join me in sending condolences to families of the crew of the Fresabara registered fishing vessels the ocean way, which was tragically lost on Sunday resulting in fatalities. This tragedy is not only a strong reminder that fishing is one of the most dangerous occupations. It also highlights the fact that our many different nationalities working in our fishing industry today, as for the crew, we are Filipino. Could I ask the First Minister if the Scottish Government has been involved in helping to contact the families in Philippines? Let me agree with the sentiments expressed by Christian Allard that, obviously, I am a former member of Parliament for Fraser, but many members in this chamber have close connections with fishing constituents. We also like to record the Government's thanks to all those who acted quickly to try and preserve human life, sadly of course in vain and some of the people involved. The Scottish Government has been in contact with the Marine and Coast Guard Agency and the Marine Accident Investigation Branch since the weekend, including to provide them with information about this particular fishing vessel, which was fresabar registered but fishing from Northumbria. Responsibility for making contact with relatives of deceased is a matter, of course, for the relevant police force and, in this case, Northumbria Police, but I should say that we have already made it clear to the police authority that if they require further assistance in terms of the nationality of those whose lives are lost, the Scottish Government is anxious and willing to help in any way that we can. NHS Grampian has lost its entire local leadership in recent weeks, both executive and non-executive. Does the First Minister recognise the damage that has done to staff morale and public confidence in what has historically been an exemplary local health service? Will he, in that context, undertake to ensure that the next chair of the NHS board is someone who lives and works in Grampian? The next chair of the NHS board, and I have seen some public offers in terms of who it should be, will go through the proper public appointments process. Can I say that I met the incoming Chief Executive of Grampian Health Board yesterday, and Malcolm Wright assured me that one of his first acts when he takes up office will be to arrange a meeting with local MSPs to discuss the way forward for Grampian health board. We have to recognise, as Richard Kerri did in his note to NHS staff, that there had been a breakdown of relationships between some senior clinicians and senior management in Grampian. Therefore, he concluded, as others have, that the way forward is to have new leadership in NHS Grampian. We should go forward from there and rally behind the new chief executive as he addresses those questions as he fully intends to do. He comes into post, Malcolm Wright, with a substantial track record in being able to address those concerns. I do not for a second say that the finances are the key or the only issue here, but Lewis MacDonald will know that, historically, a Grampian health board was underfunded compared to the Scottish average, 9.1 per cent when we took office. I am delighted to say that over the next two years it is going to move to 9.6 per cent, which is much closer to the fair allocation. He should reflect in all relevance, however, that it does seem extraordinary that, after eight years of Labour-liberal administration, that process of underfunding should have continued for so long, and he should welcome with me that, in fairness to all health boards across Scotland, the new formula will bring each and every health board to a fair allocation, including the Grampian health board. John Scott First Minister will be aware that approximately 25 jobs are under threat at Prestwick airport, as Greer aviation and landmark have been served notice to leave the airport by the management of Prestwick airport. Does the First Minister share my concerns about the potential loss of jobs and businesses? Will he ask senior transport Scotland officials to meet with Greer aviation and me to discuss the matter and avert the closure of those businesses that have served Prestwick and Ayrshire well and provided a constant income stream to the airport for almost 15 years? The First Minister I do not think that the local members' depiction of that is entirely the full story, but perhaps that the best way forward, knowing his interests in the airport, is to arrange the meeting that he asked for. It recognises, of course, that this is an operational matter for the airport itself. The senior management team are tasked with all aspects of taking the airport forward, including the development of significant commercial opportunities in terms of how the airport intends to develop. However, in relation to the issues that the member raises, I will be glad to facilitate the meeting that he requested. Liam McArthur Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. HIE is seeking to build a number of units in Linus in my constituency as part of welcome efforts to support renewables development, yet, despite earlier commitments from his Government and his enterprise agency, the tender has been framed in such a way as to effectively prevent any orcney-based firm from competing for this work. Here is the power to do something about this, so will he agree to suspend the tender process, so that steps can be taken to allow small businesses in my constituency a fair crack of the whip? The First Minister No, but what I will undertake to do is to examine the issue and write in detail to the local member to see if I can help him in his legitimate inquiry. The First Minister Question number three, Alice McKinnis. Alice McKinnis Thank you to ask the First Minister what issues will be discussed at the next meeting of the Cabinet. The First Minister Issues of importance to carry forward the Government's programme for Scotland. Alice McKinnis This week, the chief executive of the care inspectorate Annette Bruton warned that it would be a serious mistake to assume that Scotland is immune from the type of child exploitation seen elsewhere in the UK. She reported that Scottish agencies had made progress, but are still not effective enough. What discussions has the First Minister had with the care inspectorate on the support that can be given to ensure the safety of children in Scotland, and what priorities has he identified for action? The First Minister There was a full cabinet discussion on these matters. In fact, there were two cabinets, and I understand that the minister will be making a statement this coming Tuesday, so Alice McKinnis will have full opportunity to press her questions. Alice McKinnis Thank you. I look forward to the publication of some action on that, but people would expect the First Minister to take close interest in what is a national issue. People in South Yorkshire assumed that agencies and committees and working groups were protecting their children, but we have learned that you have to check and double check, so it is right to press the First Minister on this. This is insidious and creeping abuse. Scotland's public agencies still have, and I quote, important and major weaknesses in dealing with the first reports of abuse. What deadline will the national plan set to give Scotland's young people the comprehensive assurance that they will be protected? The First Minister Can I say that I chaired a long cabinet session on exactly these matters on Tuesday, and a range of initiatives were discussed. Of course, accepting the announcements that have already been made, for example, the new unit within the new Scottish Police Service for Investigating Crime and Criminality, which I think is something that will have substantial advantages over the variation in approach, which was part of the difficulty in terms of previous police services. The single police service gives us the advantage of being able to have the specialism and detail of knowledge that that investigative unit will have. I know that Alice McKinnis will welcome that. The statement that Mr Russell makes on Tuesday will go into a range of matters and a comprehensive response. There is no complacency whatsoever in terms of the Scottish Government's approach for those things, and we recognise that everyone in this Parliament understands both the importance and the necessity for making absolutely sure that our agencies and our legislation is entirely fit for purpose and see that some of the abuses that have historically been documented can be addressed for the future and that any weaknesses in our system will be addressed. Of course, in terms of the survivors and the victims of previous abuse, they will get the justice and the hearing of which they rightfully advocate and cry for. To ask the First Minister what assessment the Scottish Government has made of the impact of UK Government welfare reforms on families in which at least one family member is in employment. I think that we should start calling them the welfare changes, not the welfare reforms, but to have for changes £6 billion an estimate is the estimate of the money and funds that will be removed from the Scottish economy. That is from families in Scotland in the six years 2011-12 to 15-16. Independent projections suggest that up to an additional 100,000 children and 150 working age adults will be living in poverty by 2020 because of welfare reform. As a member highlights, households in Scotland are increasingly experiencing inward poverty. Employment is no longer, in itself, a protection against poverty. Six in 10 children and over half working age adults in relative poverty in 2012-13 lived in households where somebody was working and this, unfortunately, is an increasing trend that is going to be aggravated by the further changes that the Chancellor is planning. Jamie Hepburn. Thank you, First Minister, for the answer. With these welfare changes hitting the poor and many working families hard, the First Minister will be aware that a range of front-line organisations such as the Scottish Federation of Housing Associations, Children First, the Poverty Alliance and Engender have called for the devolution of powers of over-welfare to Scotland. Does the First Minister agree with me that this whole Parliament should unite behind these calls so that we can make better decisions here in this Parliament to improve in these matters and build the fairer Scotland that we all want to see? First Minister. Yes, I would. I think that, increasingly, a number of people in this Parliament who would say that Scotland should not but should not control welfare will be a diminishing number as people across the range of issues recognise that the decisions made closer to people in Scotland will take account of the issues that the member rightfully raises. I think that we should off these issues just well on the subject of inward poverty and we should recognise that the logical consequence, in fact the inevitable consequence of the recent announcements by the chancellor of his checker, is that thousands more people in each and every constituency in Scotland will suffer a reduction in the standard of living as a result of the changes that the chancellor intends to make. Those are people who are working, who will get poorer as a result of the changes of the chancellor, which, of course, as I understand it, the opposition in Westminster seems prepared to accept and to go along with. Thousands of people in each constituency. I think that that is an intolerable situation. I am certain that no administration in this Parliament would ever counter in such a move. Thank you, Presiding Officer. To ask the First Minister what the Scottish Government response is to the KPMG study, which indicates that more than 400,000 workers in Scotland are not being paid a living wage. First Minister. Well, attacking low pay is a key priority of this Government. We fully support the living wage campaign. We have, of course, led by example, and for the fifth consecutive year, have required employers subject to our pay policy to pay their staff the Scottish living wage. We should note, as a result, in the KPMG report that the living wage is paid to 81 per cent of Scottish employees, a greater proportion in any other part of the UK outwith the south east of England. James Kelly. I thank the First Minister for that answer. I am sure that the First Minister will agree with me that it is unacceptable that more than a quarter of a million women are not paid a living wage in Scotland. Some of those women are working on cleaning contracts in Scottish Government locations. Can I therefore ask the First Minister for Minister if he will agree to set out a national living wage strategy and to urgently review all Scottish Government cleaning contracts to ensure that people in those locations are paid a living wage? A pity James Kelly did not attend my speech at the STC conference when I laid out exactly such a strategy and how the Government intends to roll out the living wage. This Government, of course, introduced the living wage in Scotland and will be pursuing it for the fifth successive year next April. It would be wonderful if, at some point, in his comments and rifle comments in those matters, Mr Kelly would acknowledge that it was this SNP Government who introduced the living wage across the public sector. Indeed, of course, it is this SNP Government who, in the recent contracts that were negotiated for catering in the Scottish Government and, of course, the railways have secured the living wage as part of those contract negotiations. It is, of course, also the case. I heard Mr Kelly on the radio. It waxed lyrical about £8 being offered as the minimum wage by the Labour Party, forgetting to tell people that it was to the year 2020. In other words, on that, a 2 per cent increase in the minimum wage year by year is likely, in fact, almost certain that even an inflation increase would take the minimum wage past that amount. No wonder the Labour conference and the Leader's Speech at the Labour Conference have been given such a resounding raspberry by working people in Scotland. To ask the First Minister what assessment the Scottish Government has made of the potential impact on the economy of the recent fall in crude oil prices. First Minister, depending on a number of factors, final impact in the economy will find out how it passes through to investors and to consumers. It would be unwise, of course, to assume that recent law falls will last. Indeed, much of the recent decline is driven not by market fundamentals but a reaction to temporary oversupply in the market as OPEC tries to force out the production of US shale oil. Indeed, most recent forecasts on the OECD, Cambridge Economics, Standard Charter Bank and even the CBI are for a bounce back in prices next year. I wonder if the member would just like to think of how secure economy would be if we had, like Norway, had the opportunity to invest in an oil fund. I saw in a Financial Times report this week that every day for the past 13.5 years that is grown by an average of $165 million. When oil prices were high, when oil prices were low, the Norwegian oil fund grew by $165 million a day. Would that Scotland had discovered oil at the same time as Norway? With the oil prices today trading at under $83 a barrel, they have now reached a four-year low. That is a 20 per cent drop since the day the First Minister lost the referendum campaign. Will he, having put that at the centre of his campaign for an independent Scotland, a case decisively rejected by the north-east where the industry is based, will he now accept that that case has been lost? Will he bury the hatchet with the UK Government and work to ensure that the oil service industry has the best of support north and south of the border to weather this storm and return to a successful future? I have spoken with the authority and the confidence of 8 per cent in the most recent Scottish opinion poll. At some stage, the Conservative party will consider whether a revival to 8 per cent indicates a glowing future, but why is the Conservative party at such an all-time low? It is such an all-time low because it seems to suggest that having oil and gas in massive quantities is a curse and an undeniable burden for the Scottish people. What other people look at is the announcement of new discoveries in the North Sea, the excite energy discovery of the Bentleyfield with 300 million barrels. Only two weeks ago, British Petroleum announced another discovery in the central North Sea, which obviously only became apparent after September 18. Not to mention today's report in the press and journal, which indicates that the latest drilling in Clare Ridge is sowing extraordinary oil well flows. People from that will conclude that the size of the resource in the North Sea and in the waters round Scotland will outlast the Scottish Conservative party by many decades and will power Scotland in times to come. That ends First Minister's questions. We now move to members' business. Members who leave the chamber should do so quickly and quietly.


Hello, hello, everybody. Thank you for being here. My name is Maria and I am a software engineer at sky scanner And today I'll talk about the synchronous programming and how it works in modern Python basically the idea of this talk is to Actually revisit the male mindstones that have been happening in versions of Python that arrived to The current state of the art in in our programming language Basically, they have been digging through some old peps in order to understand what had been the main cornerstones With the idea of not just exploring the API because probably you already know that or you know how to use the functions But maybe you're interested in knowing what's behind it or how things work or you're curious about What's internally free so this is a rather long journey in terms of time because it starts with something that Came out about a very long time ago with generators in the year 2001 in a very old version of Python 2.2 And the idea was back in day to support a more efficient way of computation like for instance They were created with the idea of lazy iteration in mind. So let's say you have to process large Bunch of objects. Let's say like a million numbers or a trillion numbers and one way of doing so you say I can put Everything into a list and then process the list and that would work But you will take a lot of memory. So or the same goes for any object So the idea was to okay Let's provide a mechanism in Python to be able to generate Only the object that I need in the given point in time and no more than that and save a lot of memory So the the point of this is that there were The idea is okay We say memory and we support like the iteration pattern and at the point in time the generator is going to give us The value we need for for that particular moment and it's going to suspend there And it's going to be there until we call it again with the next value that we need so a new keyword was introduced the Jill and This works like with two very simple concepts. You have any function But if that has function happens to have a Jill Statement in any part of its body is going to be a generator function Which means that when you call it Whatever it is on the body of function, it's not going to run instead. It's going to give you a generator object So they work like a factory when you call it you receive and a generator that was just constructed And then you start working with that object Advancing the element one at a time at it next point You get the element the generator is going to suspend there It's going to be like frozen waiting to be called again With the next value and there is nothing else to produce because it got exhausted and in that case is top iteration Exception is raised Which is the mechanism to signal that that iteration is over So now let's say that time after we want to support coroutines in Python and I'm not giving like an academic or like a formal definition of coroutines But just for the purpose of this talk we are going to have a more pragmatic understanding of coroutines. It will be something like You're able to suspend at any point in time But you also want to be able to resume at a later point in the program to be able to continue the execution with different values So if we were to implement this in Python like and we start to think okay, how can we have this working? Do we have to Let's say start from from scratch and implemented everything on top or is there something that we can already take advantage of? And the reason why I started with which generators is because okay They have something that we can use for advantage, which is the point of suspension Remember that a generator is suspended at the point in time So the interpreter is frozen in a part of the code and then it can be resumed later on So this I this step came along this is coroutine by enhanced generators because okay There is something that we can take advantage of so it's not that we have to do everything again So let's recap how far can we go with with generators with simplicity can we suspend? Yes, that's actually that was the whole point of using them in the first place But can we pass some data to the generator wise is suspended? I mean in its simple form like in the very basic form No, that's not possible What about exceptions come can we send an exception to a generator wines is suspended to signal that something has Going on in the program No, that was not possible So that's why the enhanced part came along and the interface of generators needed to be extended So more methods were added To fulfill their purpose for instance the same method with and the throw through handled exceptions And close to some cleanup in the in the coroutine or the generator But technically that's just a particular case of throw because it just handles an exception Which is generator exit, but the most important is is send because it's what changes the the semantics a little bit so now let's Stop for a second in this concept because okay We have generators and we start to think in coroutines because we can't create something that we are able to suspend and interact with And a point in time in the program So synthetically there are difference that hasn't been any changes in coroutines They they still use the gild keyword as they as the old generators did in the very beginning But semantically they are different because and I will come up with this later in a few slides But just keep in mind that even though they're they're written the same and they're even technically the same thing Conceptually they're they're meant with completely different purposes And this will also be an important step later for now Let's say how we can interact with coroutines at least in a very basic form because we're still in in a very old version of Python This is still to 2005 Python 2.5 and Now Jill not only produces values to the color, but you also can get some value as a result. So Now Jill for example result is what the color is going to get when you call the the generator or coroutine and Value in this case the variable value is going to be whatever was passed from the outside to the coroutine It's going to be captured. So I prepared a small example just to illustrate this Let's say how a coroutine that only iterates and it's counting some steps and it's printing whatever gots received So I want to create that coroutine and start sending values just to see how this now Jill works in both ways so the first thing I do is I will create the Coroutine it's post for a second wait so Once I created remember it gives me a generator object because it's like a factory And I call next the first time this is an important detail because if I don't call next I'm not able to send anything to it Or I will get a type error this is because the next remember that it moves the Execution of the coroutine or generator ups up to the next Jill statement So it needs to post there so I can send the first element, okay, so now the program of dance up to that point where it's Waiting for something and look at that line The the one is like you can see you can think like that line is split in like in two ways and Only half that statement Run the part that give me the value zero because it yielded the first step which is started at zero So now I can start interacting with the generator and let's say that I will send I know 100 And the second part of that statement the one that works in words Let's say towards from the outside to the generator is going to run now receive It's going to have the value 100 because it's how is and then the rest of the program is going to run So it's going to increment the step is going to print whatever I just sent which is the value 100 It's going to circle back to the beginning of the loop Where the last to the true statement and then it's going to find the next yield when it's going to pause again and suspend there I'm telling you do something about it and it yielded the Step now one and that becomes the result of send same as so it's it's similar to next actually now next is a particular case Case of send so calling next on a generator is like sending none But we are the idea that it's about works compatible and now we have the semantics And even if this is a deliberate like simple example just to illustrate how it works It marks the beginning of coroutines because now that we can suspend and interact with the coroutine We can do some asynchronous programming. We can suspend and do some non-blocking IO operation while Signaling the program that that that it's waiting and there's something else that can be run So Okay, and now if I send or if I throw an exception you can of course get what whatever is happened the exception is going to be thrown at the point where the Coroutine is suspended and in this case is going to fail Because it's not handled but you can add as part of your logic to handle the exception of course So no, okay This is great, but let's see if we can do we can do better because this is not entirely convenient And what if we want to have larger programs or we want to refactor coroutines? so This pep came along 380 which actually now we're in python 3 So we're getting closer to the current API. I say it's like six syntax for Delegated to a sub generators and this is actually quite important because it marks like two important Improvement first now generators can return values Which before it wasn't possible You could we have a return statement is a generator because it will be a syntax error And now is the Jill from syntax was introduced which will explain the semantics and how both things are related One has to do with the other So let's say I have another Simple generator or coroutine that only produces two values and I call it the first time I got one of course then second time I got the value two and then there's nothing else to produce and remember that stop iteration Was the exception that was signaling that that generator was exhausted that there was nothing else to produce Okay Now the same happens, but the return value comes in the exception because exception Are just Python objects after all and we can set any attributes to objects because they're dynamically added So the return value will come in the value attribute of the stop iteration exception And that way whoever is calling that coroutine can know what's not only that it finished and it completed But with with which value it completed So now we can say like Jill from Like in a very most simple form like whenever you have an interval And you go you'll Jill from that interval and then you you can do a for loop and then Jill every element of the interval and that would work But that is not the actual reason why they was introduced in Python There was actually much much better use of that and has to do with the true previous points like first this the syntax is going to Allow you to chain coroutines So remember the example I just gave when you send values or you throw exceptions to coroutine Well, you can do it that with multiple levels. So let's say like I have a Coroutine that calls another one that calls another one The the mechanism works the same and now it's important to know why Coroutines can return values because I can capture the return value with this syntax into a variable And even if it doesn't look like to big deal It's actually quite interesting because if you look at the syntax It kind of resembles like a like a thread like you thought you have something running there It's not a thread of course technically it's not a thread But the point is you have something there running that you don't know which order is going to run You don't know how it's going to run at some point is going to suspend and continue and Some point in the program is going to stop there and it's going to give me a final value And I can have that in multiple multiple levels. So this starts to improve things quite a lot and this marks something that we are probably more familiar with which is We can have multiple of these children from different coroutines and do like different operations like for instance reading from a database or Doing an HTTP request something that is not blocking and what the actual I or the actual operation in the database Is going to take is is taking place The the program or some from part of the program can know that and Okay, say this part of the goal is suspended. I can run something else in the meantime and Share you the order So let's see this with an example Let's say and now I have a generator that I call general that goes another generator inside of that so it yields from that generator and again is a simple example just to illustrate the the mechanism but It works all the same with multiple levels. I mean these works at all levels So it just prints out the a loop Similar to the first example and when one part completeness it will continue with the next one So, okay, like I create my Coroutine like at the beginning and I call next to it because I want to start sending values And of course I get the first one but then I send something and remember that I'm sending that to the to the first coroutine to the general not to One of the internals and if you see the print message you'll see that What it was printed was the first one the first one go that that string So what happens is I send something to general general pass it to the internal coroutine It did the processing it printed the value it yielded something that went back to the general And that became the result of the of the sense time. So now we can have a more Sophisticated code we can like re-factor and have smaller coroutines with more fine fine-grained responsibility And of course if I keep iterating that this will keep it will continue until the first one stops and then the second one will take place and It all works like if it were just one coroutine. I will just put all the code in in a single function So this is actually quite convenient because actually this pep has an example of the code You will have to write if you didn't have this functionality Built-in in Python. So it's actually saved saving a lot of code and a lot of trouble as well Because there are a lot of exceptions that you have to handle that stop iteration and with different conditions, etc So just to recap this syntax allow us to create even more powerful coroutines and chain many iterables all together Well structuring our code in a more convenient way And with this we can start thinking about like event loops and some objects that are going to handle Coroutines, but that that is not all Because there are still more things to do. I mean even if this is a great improvement, it's not everything like Remember that I mentioned in the in the beginning that there was a When we first start to think about coroutines We wanted to have like we will be in top of generators We say like okay syntactically they're the same they use Jill the yield statement or Jill from so and actually technically The coroutine is a kind of generator but semantically they're different so Generators were created with the idea of iteration in mind and Supporting the iteration pattern while coroutines were created with the idea of asynchronous programming in mind or Suspending some part of the code or non preemptive computation. So those are two different Use cases or completely different computing scenarios that fall into the same technical detail, which is that Down the line in Python. There's a generator running there. So and also the Jill from syntax works with any intervals Generators are intervals, but they're Also, all the kind of intervals are not generators are not coroutines for instance strings or least So and you can do Jill from a generator or a coroutine and that will make sense But syntactically that's nothing prevents you or stops you for writing like something like Jill from a string And or a when you were expecting a coroutine in that place and that would fail and since Python is dynamically type You probably wouldn't notice the error until late in the program so a more time came passed and This was okay. We need to address these limitations and in more modern version of pythons Again the syntax change notice that since the very beginning in 2001 when the Jill was introduced There were no new keywords in Python and now We're in the version of Python field 5 And the year 2015 or 16 and new syntaxes we introduce all all that long time There was pretty much no changes syntactically even though there were no constructions and the idea is with this pep 492 We can create coroutines with its own syntax So when you instead of putting depth you put a sync depth you're creating a native coroutines before it's not just a kind of Generator that has a flag in the virtual machine now there in the pep that are called native coroutines And instead of Jill from you would use a weight and this addresses the semantic or the problems that we had in the previous Examples for instance Now you it's harder to make mistakes, which is a good thing Remember that before you there was nothing preventing you for you doing Jill from a string when you were expecting a Coroutine but now you cannot do a weight string accidentally because it will fail Python will will throw a type error saying okay a weight only works with Coroutines or eatable or awaitable objects, which are objects that implement the magic method for a weight So with with these syntax now things start to look more Like in in the last version of Python 3.7 or even in the future version of Python And now we can take a look. Okay. Yeah, what what I think I owe is is actually doing Because okay now we create our coroutines with a new syntax And I think I owe is just an event loop which is an object is the one comes in the standard library But you can use any or event loop Whatever it's going to happen. It's like okay We define our coroutines and typically our coroutines do delegate to some other third-party libraries Like for instance, let's say I use async pg to connect to the database and do await our select or or a query and What happens is our the event loop is going to call a coroutine at some point in time It's going to run their call our call is going to delegate to the third-party library Which down the line is going to implement? The IO at that point when we call a weight It's going to return something to the band loop So that way it signals the band loop and it is the way the event loop knows that that coroutine is Suspended is waiting for the IO operation to complete So another one will take place and we'll run and the same will happen again and again and again And at some at all points the coroutine is just going to be updating the status of the Sorry the event loop is going to be updating the status of the coroutine So you're going to call send or throw respect Respectively as it happens with the exceptions in order so our coroutine can know okay I have to act with this value or I have to respond to this exception, etc So down the line there's nothing like fundamentally new or different that it's that is going on in Python The idea is like okay technically coroutines are still some type of Generators which this is for historical and technical reasons remember that semantically they are different and Things that look to be like completely different or completely new or different stuff are actually More simple Constructions that we have been using in Python for quite a long time and it did for a very old Time remember that for it for instance like every time we call away Well, it will call something that down the line it will end up at the Jill statement Just as a way of signaling that that has to suspend So this is probably the way I will I wanted to show the the or explain the way a synchronous programming works because it's not like Perhaps under understanding what's behind or demystifying what was actually Python doing every time we program synchronously in our program That's pretty much it. I think you enjoy. I really hope you enjoy the talk and the rest of the conference as well Thank you very much for listening We have three minutes for questions if you have any


In this discussion, we will discuss the discussion question of Explain how the cash flows from operating activities section is created using the direct method Now if we don't know where to start or what exactly the direct method is We probably can first think that we're working on something related to cash flow statements because Support accounting instruction by clicking the link below giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website Broken out by category further broken out by course each course then organized in a logical Reasonable fashion making it much more easy to find what you need then can be done on a youtube page We also include added resources such as excel practice problems pdf files and more like Quickbooks backup files win applicable So once again, click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it Because that's the section we're on So we may first just start off. What is a cash flow statement? And what are we trying to do? What are the operating activities and by explaining those things even if we don't know exactly what the direct method is We can probably pick up some points and then we'll get into the direct method So the statement of cash flows is going to be one of the major financial statements Included we have the balance sheet. We've got the income statement statement of equity statement of cash flows Statement of cash flows is going to be reporting the change in cash the activity on a cash basis and reporting those in three major categories operating investing financing Now the operating section is really the one we want to spend most of our time on because that's the main category The operating section you can think of as similar to like the income statement Of of the financial statements the balance sheet represents a point in time The income statement is really telling us the story the activity that is happening And that's what this statement of cash flows is doing. It's telling us a story the activity It's just using a different Item to tell us when the story is happening. The income statement is using accrual terms Revenue recognition principle and matching principle to tell us when activities happened And the cash flow statement is telling us basically when things happened Based on when the cash actually changed changed hands so The statement of cash flows is going to give us those cash flows and the operating activities then Is going to be similar to the income statement the bottom line of the operating activities is kind of like net income On a cash basis. So if we have cash flows from operations, that's kind of like similar to net income on the income statement So in other words the cash flows from operations is the major category typically That's where most of the activity is happening. There are probably going to be more line items more things going on Related to the statement of cash flows in the operating activities then financing or investing So once we get that then we can think okay, what is the direct method? And the direct method We can compare and contrast to the other method the other there's only two of them Then we can typically use and the others are going to be the indirect method Now it seems counterintuitive that the indirect method is actually the preferred method and that that's the one You know that we typically will see most of the time Part of the reason is it's required oftentimes even if we use the direct method To then have a reconciliation, which is basically the indirect method as well and so Therefore the direct method is is probably something less seen although more intuitive meaning The direct method makes a lot of sense when you just think about it You can probably explain the direct method to someone more easily meaning The direct method is just going to take The income statement in essence and convert each line item revenues and expenses To more of a cash basis from an accrual basis So how would we construct the The operating section under a direct method of the statement of cash flows We can kind of take the income statement and just say well revenue Is revenue on an accrual basis on a cash basis will convert it To a cash basis and call it you know cash received from customers The cost of goods sold expenses on the income statement on an accrual basis are on the income statement We'll convert it to say something like cash paid for inventory Any other expenses we have on the income statement are going to be on an accrual basis We're going to record it to reverse it to just cash paid for expenses or something like that And and that makes intuitive sense. I think to most people Well, we're just going to take the income statement and convert it From an accrual basis that's driven by accrual principles revenue recognition and matching And convert it to basically an income statement that's driven by Recognizing revenue and expenses when cash happens or similar to that. We're recognizing cash flows Based on these activities And so that's just basically what the direct method will be now you could compare and contrast that to the indirect method just to give more detail The indirect method is going to start with net income and reconcile to cash flows from operating activities and So it's kind of like starting at the at net income and then reconciling reversing out everything to get to a net income on a cash basis cash from operating activities And the reason that's nice to have is because it gives that reconciliation It tells us the difference between cash flow from an operating and cash flows from an investing So, uh, that's why one reason is why sometimes it's it's required to have the indirect method even though We're using a direct method even though the direct method is probably more intuitive It's probably easier for us to explain the direct method To people and it's also important to note that the direct method And the indirect method only differ in the operating section So explain when it when we ask the question here Explain how it how the two methods differ in terms of creating the operating activities It's not like they're they would differ on the financing or the investing activities Those two will remain the same Whether we use a direct method or indirect method the direct method and indirect method in other words only apply to the operating activities


Hi, I'm Matt Gaines. I'm excited to be giving clinics and I'm looking forward to meeting you there. Like I enjoy giving back, trying to help other people. I love our sport. So anytime I can let people into some insight and the knowledge that I've gained over the years doing this and what I've learned on my own through experience and also what I've learned from a lot of different people helping me just be able to pass that on.  So I mean, I want to be able to help those people in whatever area they feel like they need the most help in. I always end up talking about, because I think it's a very important aspect of what we do, the mental side of it, the mental, you know, how do you prepare mentally to show your horse? How do you prepare mentally to work your horse? And those types of things, you know, the mental aspect of it to me is huge. Two words, simplicity and consistency.  And usually when you do that, you lose the consistency part of it. And the reason I'm so big on consistency is consistency leads to confidence and confidence in yourself and confidence in your horses. You know, if you go out every day and you ask a horse to be, to do the same thing every day, be on the same spot on a cow every day, and that's where they learn they're supposed to be, that's what they know to do every day, then they gain confidence in that. To me, those are the things that lead to success. A horse's individual talent is going to come out. You know what? Some horses can mark a 76. Some maybe can only mark a 72. But if I can train a 72 horse to be consistent and smart, that horse can still win money. So those are the things I really focus on, and I think that's what's been the backbone of my success. Everybody feeds off each other. Everybody learns off each other. I like to have a relaxed atmosphere where it's fun and people aren't afraid to ask questions and you get things out and open and you talk about them because then ideas start bouncing around. And sometimes maybe I say something, somebody else repeats it in a little different way and then this person gets it. So it's just that conversation, that open conversation, that environment I think really helps people learn.


This paper examines the differences between the left and right sides of a larval drosophila brain connectome. It finds that there are significant differences in connection probabilities between the two sides, as well as between different cell types. The authors then use these differences to create adjusted definitions of bilateral symmetry for the connectome. This work demonstrates how statistical inferences from networks can be used to inform the study of connectomies, which could potentially lead to more accurate comparisons between neural structures. This article was authored by Benjamin D. Pedago, Mike Powell, Eric W. Bridgeford, and others.


Most of our national interests surround Turkey. It's only natural that Turkey itself sees that most of its national interests surround Turkey, and that's a lot of common ground. So in order for us to do what we feel we need to do to protect the U.S., that demands that we have a partnership here, and that demands that we have a presence here. And that's why this base is so important. Time to time I get Airmen ask, what is the mission here? And we can talk about their job, we can talk about what their specialty code is, but the bottom line, the mission is to simply be present. And the mission is for whatever we ask you to do, be the best that you can be at it. Because when we do that, and we're good guests and we're professional here, then we have access to this region and beyond. We have influence and we can do a lot of good. And we depend on the Titans here to work that out for us. We have tankers here who went and did something else, someplace else, based out of here, supported out of here. That's ACE, Agile Combat Employment. The other part about ACE is the fact that you can also receive someone, and you can enable them to do something from here instead of where they were before. And that's a very important piece of being here. Ultimately the biggest part of ACE is preserving combat power so that you can deter. And part of that for us again is just simply having presence here. And so the airmen here at the 39th, they don't need to worry about where they fit in ACE. They live it every day. There is a very, very strong bilateral relationship between the United States and Turkey. And mill to mill, it's incredibly strong and we do a lot of great things together. Part of that foundation of that whole thing is exactly what's going on here between our airmen and the rest of the folks that they engage with. Not just on an installation, but also when they're able to get out into the community. There's a great love for each other and we support each other and it's fantastic. I'm most excited by the job and the attitude that airmen have when they come to Turkey. Once they get here and they find out just how incredible it is, they immerse themselves in it, they make the most of it. And then somewhere down the line, there is someone who sees an American for the first time. And there's no better American to see than our airmen.


Minister for Health, Senator the Honourable Mary Isaac, along with a delegation, recently taught the Victoria Hospital, which is being transformed into a full-scale respiratory hospital. Senator the Honourable Mary Isaac says, she is very pleased with the work being done on the respiratory hospital, and hope it will assist in handling a possible surge of COVID-19 in St. Lucia. I'm hoping that we will be able to use this facility to contain the virus, to manage the virus, and to treat the virus, which is what we have been doing. But we have not been as focused as we would like to be in terms of having the proper facility. So this facility is going to give us an opportunity to have a better place to bring these potential cases, and for us to take care of these cases in a very nice facility. It is looking, it's already looking very, very nice. The rooms I saw, the size of the rooms, the rooms have their own toilet in both cases, or sometimes a person may be sharing a toilet with somebody else. But it's looking excellent from now, from what I have seen. Chief Health Planner Dwight Kallix spoke on the need for government to undertake this project of significant importance. As part of the COVID response, we had to get an intervention where we could appropriately manage our patients. So there is quarantine, there is isolation, and so on. So the respiratory facility was at this point, it would have managed in terms of our quarantine patients, those quarantine patients, which would have required medical attention. So our quarantine facility in the north would take care of those persons who are the suspect cases within four, their results. This facility would be the same suspect cases within four results but required medical attention. Executive Director of OKEUH and Victoria Hospital, Nancy Francis, highlighted the management of the works undertaken as to ensure the smooth running of the project. We have ongoing construction works over at the respiratory hospital. At the same time, we have patients coming to receive care. So we have to ensure that the logistics is carefully coordinated between our project team, the contractor, and the World Bank team. So we have on ground our hospital engineer who's working very closely with the Scaly Construction as well as the oversight committee from the World Bank. So on a daily basis, our project engineer will be in contact with Scaly Construction so they can look at the logistics for the day. And from a management perspective, every single day we have a manager on ground at the respiratory hospital to ensure that things are coordinated in the right way and we are able to respond to any emergencies that may arise. The Victoria Hospital is designed to treat patients with respiratory illnesses such as COVID-19 and will have the capacity of 85 rooms. Reporting from the Communications Unit of the Ministry of Health and Wellness, I am Funa Neptune.


It's good to see you as always. What an amazing start to this season. Anybody who missed the kickoff to the redemption season, I encourage you to go watch. It was a heater. Last season we had a heartbreaking three straight losses. We all know that. But we started this season with an amazing dub, a rage quit, and a challenge wheel complete. You legitimately cannot ask for anything more. Our prestigious have paid off amazing. Team of the Year voting is currently underway. So TJ Hawkinson and Micah Parsons can both get new cards. I feel very strongly that Micah Parsons will get a new card. I'm more on the fence about Hawkinson. He's going up against some amazing tight ends. We have a very questionable secondary with Anthony Harris and Christian Matthew, but Saus Gardner and Megatron can hopefully hold down the four. Asan Reddick was awesome last game, so glad to have him. I pulled Ken Norton on the challenge wheel pack. So we haven't used him at all, but I gave him Lerker. We've also got Delvin Tomlinson, Javon Curse, who is also amazing. And offensively, we got one upgrade for Michael Irvin already. Zion Johnson's played great. And Malik Willis was actually so good. We didn't get to see his QBR, but I had to have bet it was like 120 plus. He played amazing. So without further ado, we're one and oh, let's get another W under our belts. Get it up, baby! It's the redemption season. Wheel spin number one of redemption season is a, ooh, let's go, we've never gotten this. All right, I can take one of any player who appears in sets. Back when I played Madden Mobile all the time, I always did these, but now my focus is on making super heater videos. So I don't get to see sets a lot. Also, if you need Madden coins, make sure to go to instantmaddencoins.com. You can buy coins or players. I recommend buying players. It's the safest method. You're gonna get a way better deal than what EA would offer you.  Enjoy the rest of wheeling them up, baby. So for example, there's a 96 Josh Johnson in sets. I could take Josh Johnson if I wanted to. And the first thing I noticed when sorting by overall is that ultimate legends have sets. Oh my God, I did not realize that. I could go 97 Bo Jackson and move a Coye back to fullback. Oh my God, I'm so tempted. I could go Edelman Dock and do Ray Lewis who'd be such a good user.  Is this really gonna be a Bo Jackson season? I think I'm going Bo Jackson. 97 overall, Bo Jackson, a cool million coins. 97 speed, six foot one, 227, 98 truck, 97 brake tackle. I don't even know what else to say. I know he's gonna be a God. Catching is 87, which is surprising for Bo Jackson cards. They usually really screw him on that. Short route running is a 91. Oh my God. Dude, Bo, he's about to be my return man too. I'm gonna be housing some kicks with Bo. A million coins for ultimate legend, Bo. Jackson, the new hat back on this squad. A Coye is getting booted back to actual fullback. Let's see what abilities he gets. He gets backfield master? What? He gets backfield master? I'm gonna go do his solo challenge.  Bo Jackson's first challenge. Score a Russian touchdown in five plays.   I feel like the menus are unacceptably absurdly slow. But, pipe players in, let's go get a few more of these. That was easy. Like I always think about it. Whenever I do a team builder and I have to build a team from scratch, it legitimately takes like two and a half to three hours. Whereas like for me to build a 22 man roster on 2K, that would take me like 30 minutes.   But, one thing that 2K does that's really smart is when you buy players, it goes to that little binder rather than going directly onto your team. So you can spend all this time on the auction house buying players and then later you claim them. And that's why 2K's menus are nowhere near as laggy, aggy, aggy and slow as Madden's. I don't know. I don't know why Madden doesn't do that. All right, shiny token. Here we come. Bo Jackson's shiny token pack. By the way, I wanna say animator guy. I'm not a fan of the Ultimate Legends animation. So we're subbing in Bo at half back and Xander Horvath. Thank you very much for your service, but Krishna Koye is gonna come back in here. Now let's see what discounted abilities Bo gets for the little solos we just did. He also like the card art does get significantly cooler. So I'm with it here. The shiny upgrade for Bo, he's got even cooler front art. And I forgot, you guys remember back in Michigan when I ran a mile for a card? It was for this little Tecmo looking Bo Jackson right here. I think I'm gonna rock that card art. We're going freight train. Short and elite is very good. And he does have backfield master. So I feel like with backfield master, he's gonna make good cuts anyway. I say we go goal line back here. Go goal line back on Bo. We're also gonna give him, oh my God, tank is one. Backfield master is one and bruiser is one. I can run all of these. I'm gonna go bruiser, goal line back, backfield master. All right, starting off very, very hot with sense jackpot. Let's see what our second wheel spin can get us. No graveyard. We passed right over at 50K or? Ooh, three players, 50K each. So we're not gonna get any studs, but we will be able to fill some very necessary positions right now. Three players, 50K each. Here's a problem, left tackle and right tackle. I really need, but I also really need free safety and corner. I'm gonna get a free safety left tackle and a right tackle. I'm gonna start with a left tackle. There's Andrew Thomas, Donovan Smith. I'm gonna rock with 91 Donovan Smith at my left tackle. At right tackle, I'm gonna rock with Jermaine, Jermaine Eluminaur. Don't know much about him, but happy to have you on the squad, my guy. A 90 and a 91, that is great up front. Looks like there are a lot of good options all at 90. Or can I get any 91s for 50K? John Johnson is available at a 91. Six foot 90 speed, that's too slow. I'm actually gonna rock with Sorenson. Sorenson's the cheapest, but look at Daniel Sorenson. Six foot two, 92 speed, 94 excel. His pursuit and play rack do concern me. Like that is pretty low for a free safety, but I like his intangibles. I like his speed and size. All right, we got some serious role players. On that wheel spin, I like that. I needed some offensive line help and the secondary's a little bit better. That means our final wheel spin. Hey, this is, oh, I'm so excited to get this one. This actually came from one of you guys, one of you guys suggested this one on a totally different video. So thank you for your gigantic galaxy brain. This is one times pack coin value. What that means is I can open one pack and the combined value of all of the players in the pack is how much I get to spend on one player. So I'm actually gonna do a Super Bowl fantasy pack. I think this gives me the best odds at the most coins. As we go through this, I'm gonna explain it to you guys. So let's go. 86,000 coins for this pack. So hopefully we get over 86,000 coins to spend on one player. So round one, a 92 already. That's massive, Thelon, that's huge. Jonathan Allen and who's this last one? Merlin Olson. So we'll go Jonathan Allen, Adam Thelon. We're just looking for the highest overalls. 86, Danny Shelton, that's no bueno. Prince Tego one, whoa, that's quite the name. Also now what we're looking for. The final round, these are 88 pluses. We're looking at least a 91, 90. Good starts. Come on, baby, come on. Nickel Robbie Coleman. Okay, we'll start with Jonathan Allen. What is Jonathan Allen's median price? 6,500 coins. All right, not a lot. We'll start there though. Plus Adam Thelon's median price, which is 66,000. That's good news. Now we're at roughly 72,000. Prince Tega is selling for 8,000. So now we're at 80,000. I might be rounding up 28,000. So we get 108,000 coins to spend on one player. So 108,000 coins to spend on one player. What about my team though? What does my team need? I'd say we're definitely sparse on wide receivers. Andrew Ogletree being an actual legitimate starting wide receiver is a problem. The only thing with Ogletrees, that's the only hole on my offense. We don't have a CB3 right now. We gotta use this on a CB3. Dude, you know what I'm gonna do, actually? Dude, Loki, I feel bad for Seahawks fans. Seahawks fans, you did get Gino Smith comeback player of the year, but you definitely got robbed of offensive rookie of the year, Kenneth Walker. I don't think you got robbed on Tariq Wollin. I think the Tariq Wollin losing to Sauce Gardner was accurate, but I have the opportunity to have Tariq Wollin and Sauce Gardner in my secondary. This Tariq Wollin has now fallen to 99,000 coins.  Less than 100K.  That is insane. So what are your discounted abilities, Tariq? He gets deep out zone kill for two. That's not super discounted. Pick artist for one. I'll go tip drill for legitimately free. All right, so we're in 89 overall. I feel a lot better. I feel like we filled almost every major hole on this team in only the second episode.  But I still have to win today because if I lose today, I lose Tariq Wollin. I lose Daniel Sorenson. I lose Donovan Smith and Jermaine. I lose Bo Jackson. This would be a sad loss. Oh my God. Of course, all that leaves for us is the challenge rule. Let's see what we got in store for us today. Last one we knocked out of the park. It was an awesome one.  I tell you what, if I didn't have Bo Jackson, I would say this is literally impossible. 55 plus vantage points.  I think it's... By the way, I'm scouting his team right now. 99 Valdez scantling 99 Cheetah. He is gonna be looking to go over the top.  That's a squad. Please don't. See, this is really nice that I have Ken Norton now because I can actually run my 4-1 defense. Patrick Mahomes, Isaiah Pacheco, Travis Kelsey. It's actually a chief steam team. Ah!  He's got nothing. Oh, I take it back. Remember when I said he has nothing?  Remember when I said he was gonna go over the top too? He is gonna be looking to go over the top.  Also, that's stupid, by the way. Cubie sneak, I assume.  Starting with this much of a deficit, I'm gonna put a serious, serious emphasis on completing my challenge. He's coming off the edge manually. Bo's got the catch. He's got yards. Good hard cut, Bo. So that's 22 yards and a reception that's three fantasy points right there for Bo. I'm gonna go Jefferson here, just pick up some yards.  I'm gonna go Jefferson highball. What a... Oh! It's like he had it for a second and lost it. That was a great switch up by my opponent to go Tampa too. I totally expected man coverage. Fourth and seven. Oh, Bo over the middle. He's there, great throw, get there. Get there! Good work, Malik.   He's going up against a lot. He is usuring Frank Clark, which gives me infinite room to scramble. I'm gonna go play action. I am looking for Bo here. I know that's a little one dimensional, but... Eight. Eight!  Yop, yop! Give me a block! Let's go, Jay Jettus! You don't know what, Bo's out right, let's go right up the middle. Oh, he knows. Shit, he pulled the corner. Oh, it's the Roarivus. Hey, we're about to Roarivus. Two points good. Oh, DB Fire 2, bro.   If you're gonna sky kick to the fullback, you just have to admit it, okay?  If you do that, it's okay.  Oh, I got play defense. Oh, man. Oh, yeah. No way he caught that. Ooh, I just blitzed Sauce on accident. That is no bueno. He has a wide open touchdown on the left side. Oh, he threw a mallard. Bro, I blitzed Sauce on accident right there. I could have been so bad. Ooh, a little PI from Palamalu. Oh, I know what you're doing. No, no way. He play-makered him up the field, he threw a bad ball. Whatever, this is actually good news.  He has an ability on every single player on his team. Same play. That's why he contained Hassan Redick. He's got a whip rod on the left side. It is open. I saw it out of the corner of my eye. If he passed this and got it, I'd be shocked. Come on. Oh! He'll kick the field goal to make this 10 to eight. That's a great stop. We didn't stop him from scoring. We stopped the touchdown. Looks like we're in for another awesome game. I've got secure protectors on his inside stop, so I am gonna run this. I'm gonna run this stock.  I think he's in a Tampa two, so I'm scared of throwing Bo. Okay, he was glitched on his D-Lineman. He could not move. Hawkinson, beauty. I legitimately have no idea what that defense was. I could not read that. Oh, he's on that. Ooh, ooh, he's not on that. He's not at all on that. Let's go, Bo! Okay, we're gonna block right side. We're gonna roll out right. Oh, beauty. That's fine. Bo's there. I think I'm just gonna throw a true laser here. It is mad, but Hawk is open. What a laser beam! I don't like this. That's what I didn't like! Get up there and spike it. Get up there and spike it. Please tell me you got time for that. That's exactly what I said I shouldn't have done.  I burnt too many timeouts. I did not get a field goal there. 18 seconds feels like a lot of time, but it is. Oh, great cut. Ooh, he had Justin Reed waiting for that. Hawk should be open. Hawk is very open. Beautiful throw, Malik. I'm gonna put Bo out in a flat. Ooh, Hawkinson, great separation. I'll take that every time. Hawkinson keeps torching him over there, though. Let's get a hard cut. Beauty. Got the route I like on Bo. Justin Reed's creeping, bro. I do not like this run play. Inside zone split, but I wanna try it here. Ooh, the inside stuff's got me. Can Bo make a move on a route? Hmm, he did not. My only concern here is Bo Jackson's fantasy points. If I win the game, I keep Bo Jackson no matter what. So it doesn't matter. I can't play assuming I'll lose. Ooh, left the quarterback. All right, now we just go straight coverage. Okay. Just gonna get it into Grog, who gets hit hard. I'm gonna go for the QB again. I cover the middle, he goes Grog again. Grog's not gonna get there. And that's a fourth and four. I think it's a pass. It's fourth and four. I'm putting a lot in coverage. Fourth and four for the ball game. Get to the QB.  I just barely got back to that with Ken. Potentially can win the game here. We play this well enough. It ain't over yet though. I've got secure protectors on. The inside stuffs. I've got Bo to the 39. That's one first down. Dude, I was talking about how important that two point conversion was. And here we are. He's on his free safety. He's creeping. Oh my God, great blocks. Hard cut. Get inside. Boom! Six rushes, 63 yards in a touchdown. The clock ticks. First and 10. He probably expects me to run away from him again. Oh, cut a backup. With ball carrier conservative there, I'm definitely not gonna pick up those extra yards. I think Hawkinson is a good win con here. If I get a Hawkinson corner out, I definitely can win the game right here. Laser.   How's imperfect accuracy? If it just went to his player, you just overthrew that by a mile to a different DB. How's imperfect accuracy? Justin Watson is guarding Michael Irvin. And he makes a diving interception on a ball that, what? Oh no, that's so bad. Oh no, gentlemen. We just gotta make another big stop. Gotta step up one more time. He throws the ball away. Doesn't have anything open. Second to 10. What? Mine. Ball game. Take your chase, Thief Dammit!  Let's go! Take all the 99s in the world. Not a crucial heartbreaking turnover there at the end. To turn that ball over in that moment, we easily could have lost. He just needed field goal rein. Unable to get it. Ooh, I don't know what Bo Jackson was at. That is a bummer. I don't know what Bo was at. There's no way Bo was at 55 plus though. If he had 15 receptions, a hundred yards in a touchdown, he would have been at 31. My compromise for a rage quit like that is I'm gonna give Michael Irvin another upgrade. I feel like opening a pack wouldn't be fair because we definitely didn't get our challenge wheel. I don't know. I kinda just wanna get Michael Irvin an upgrade. I want Michael Irvin to get saucy with it. A huge win! We keep Bo Jackson, who was obviously incredible. We keep Donovan Smith and Jermaine. Sorenson stays on the squad. Tariq Willen stays on the squad. And Ken Norton. Ken Norton with a great game. Some crucial breakups. A fourth down breakup. A game ceiling interception. All right, gentlemen, Mike Irvin is up to an 88. I'm so happy with the whole team. Dude, I might keep Malik Willis. This might be a Malik Willis Super Bowl run. Bo Key. There's some questionable stuff here and there, but that interception, I don't know if that was Malik Willis' fault or if TJ Hawkinson got bumped and that was just like a madden thing. I have heard that if it says perfect accuracy and you don't catch it, it's because of your receiver. Like your receiver got bumped or something. But then again, if Hawkinson got bumped then that's pass interference, right?  Overall, we gotta improve the offensive line. We need to get Ogletree out of there. We gotta keep upgrading Mike Irvin. Potentially upgrade Malik Willis. Get a second tight end in there. Defensively, my safety could use a little bit of work. I need a right end, a secondary detacle, a secondary middle linebacker and definitely a better user. Everybody else is amazing. Most importantly, literally like top of my list is a kicker. I'm not even kidding, bro. Kade York, yeah, whatever. Kade York. When I'm sitting there with a 49 yard field goal and I literally can't kick it because Kade York can't kick that far. That is horrible. I have to get an elite kicker on this team. All right, boys. I love you. What an awesome episode. I can't wait for the next one. I'll see you guys then. Peace.