especially about eating in the Anthropocene with Catherine Kramer and Sark Denfield, about a different way how to cook our meals and how to get new ideas what to cook in our kitchen. So in the end we will have around 10 minutes of a question and answer with microphones and we also have a signal angel here so if there is already somebody awake in the streams you can ask questions in the IRC and Twitter. So let's have a nice talk and welcome them with a warm applause. So thank you very much for coming we figured you're here either because you're really interested in food or because you don't speak German and if you are the latter we're okay with that. I don't speak German either she does a little. So I'm Zach and Cat and we're from the Center for Genomic Astronomy so all of the research that we're showing you today can be found on our website we'll put up a link later genomicastronomy.com slash ccc. A lot of the work that we do is in Wikipedia articles and editing them so we'd be happy if you helped us edit those and then there'll be a lot of other links there if you want to follow up. So we do various things from updating Wikipedia pages to cheese wrestling and hosting planetary sculpture supper club and these are all sort of outlets for our research and ways of getting yeah talking about things and so what is genomic gastronomy well it kind of started as an antithesis to molecular gastronomy so trying to take into account politics economics and culture and technology into how we eat and food so a systems approach to food basically and these are some of the technologies we've been looking at we have a very broad definition of technology which I think is useful to put it into kind of historical lineage and it helps put a perspective on sort of new and emerging tech so yeah so we're just starting this dual lecture things if we stand awkwardly behind each other it's okay we're not bored we'll get better at it so we think that freedom of information should apply to food and we want to work towards an open food culture and so that's why we're here today at this conference we're amateurs or hobbyists I mean we're actually artists but we have no official qualifications within food science food systems agronomy anything like that but we spent two years getting really geeky about this subject and we're looking forward to questions and hopefully getting other people in this community interested in food and we do think this is directly rates relates to computing you can think of breeding as just very slow programming and so if you're trying to copy and paste a carrot genome it can actually take a year or even two years you have to really careful about cross-pollination or your information will get corrupted and so you want to make sure you have lots of backups and you have a distributed network of different people keeping rare breeds of carrots alive that's one metaphor we could use if you're lazy like me you don't want to code you just want to hack probably you want to work in the kitchen because you can just sort of slam stuff together and do interesting stuff very quickly and even if you just eat with some intentionality it's an easy way to get involved in food and thinking more critically about approaching food and so why should we care about this well humans are reprogramming the biosphere every day our talk is called eating in the enthropocene and the enthropocene is the name that some geologists are starting to give to our current era where the activities of humans are basically disrupting the entire planet's ecosystems and biosphere and so we're also leaving increasing a lot of the decisions about the agro eco culinary system in the hands of few and part of that is because a lot of it's really boring or hard to understand and that's something that this community's done a really great job of making things that are technical or difficult to understand at least interesting or exciting and getting people involved of and then last we're losing a lot of genetic diversity even within agriculture there's a huge reduction of genetic diversity underway and a huge private privatization of the commons and a consolidation of ownership and so when we were proposing this talk in part I was inspired by attending the New York Hackers on Planet Earth conference and this is a Mark Powell who goes by Guide and runs a site I think called foodhacking.com and he's an amazing molecular gastronomist and he's making he's working with through yourself sous vide machines cooking with liquid nitrogen and I think a lot of the gateway drug for sort of the hacker maker community is to make hardware for the kitchen hack their own hardware see if you like Seattle food geek there's the book cooking for geeks so that's all really cool but what Mark Powell did that was even more interesting is he introduced the idea of seeking out less eaten foods like rare breed salaries and so that's what he was cooking here at the Hackers on Planet Earth conference 2008 so that's a big inspiration for us doing this talk so we're gonna tell you about today's ingredients we've set it out on a kind of linear time scale to make it a little bit easier so starting with orange carrots in 1600s potatoes mutagenic grapefruit fish tomato beechy brinjal glowing sushi and finely smog and if we get around to it we'll talk a little bit about the future as well so starting with the carrot so take a look at these carrots just a few different varieties and you can see that we've been hacking the hell out of this genome basically since the dawn of agriculture so they think the modern carrot arrived sometime in Europe between the 8th and 10th century and it came in colors of red yellow and orange and it actually wasn't until people started selectively breeding carrots to be less bitter that a sort of viable orange variety came out and that had a secondary purpose which was orange which was the color of the Dutch royal family and so the carrot wasn't made for them but once it was an orange carrot and sort of help things along so now that all these intellectual property regimes have been coming into place over the last 50 years realizing how many biohackers have never gotten credit for the work that they've done in the thousands and thousands of years of agriculture it's something we should really try to give credit for so how many people here eat purple carrots on a regular basis we're gonna talk after there's one guy here so that's cool oh too who's the other one so we'll talk about that but you can find purple carrots in some specialty stores and if you can't you can grow your own and I think we're gonna we try to really stay away from the word natural in these conversations because it gets sticky quickly so the diversity of shape and color and flavor the agronomic characteristics the culinary characteristics of these carrots all came from the original plant of Queen's aunt Queen Anne's lace and so we've selectively bred these vegetables to have these huge roots that are sweet and large and colorful and benefit humans and they do stuff for other animals as well good and bad so for this talk forget about nature let's be specific orange carrots dominate carrot crops the world over in supermarkets because of human preference not because of anything from nature and so what we can do to be specific is ask how the particular ubiquity of an orange of the orange carrot all over the world with our seven billion human eaters is affecting the agro eco culinary system it's a really specific question that's different than talking about something that's natural or not so most of us do our work up here population has been exploding and farmers not so much in the US as an example where I'm from less than 1% of the workforce does agriculture full time so that's not to say that we don't have a huge effect on food and what's grown as eaters we make upstream decisions every day based on our preferences farmers markets all different things downstream are affected by the choices that we make especially those of us that have some privilege and come from places with abundant choices and lots of nutritional options we can really make a difference as eaters if you want to get really geeky you can go down to the farming section we can talk more about that the end but don't feel not empowered as an eater you have a huge amount of power and so we like to say eaters are agents of selection and when we think about genomic gastronomy sort of that's our tagline a way of eating it's about the relationship between the agricultural biodiversity which is the kinds and number of organisms in the food system on the planet that feeds all humans and how that relates to things like taste and preference and texture and not only what's efficient or what you know is going to make the cheapest fast food and so all of our decisions as eaters affects things on farms which affects lots of other organisms so there's definitely a closed-loop system that we can interact in so if we're going to be eating the Anthropocene this might be the appropriate quote the choices we face are not whether or sorry the choices we face are not whether or not to modify the environment but how we're obviously affecting the environment on a planetary scale and so we should eat with some consciousness and for a lot of you I don't I'm not going to assume what you eat but I've seen a lot of kubemate bottles and Drito chips here unsurprisingly and so it may be a more difficult stretch to change your eating habits and you might change other habits okay so that's sort of the overview on the carrot really quick to keep you thinking of the color orange I'm gonna talk to you about potato which is really at the center of our story so historians call the swap of organisms after Columbus discovered America the Columbian exchange still I wish there's a better name that's what we use so it's sort of all of the stuff that went from the new world of the Americas to the old world of Europe and parts east and you can see it's a quite a few things so you know before 1500s there was no potato there was no tomato there was no corn there was no chili anywhere outside of the Americas it's really not that long ago even things like coffee or chocolate or chili peppers the thing that gives all these flavors and pleasures we might want to focus on but the potato is actually really essential to the history of food so we just pulled this data yesterday from the FAO UN data and this is just an example of a little bit of view of some of the plants that Germany eats and it's grams per capita per day apparently on average so besides wheat the next three really big things all came from the Columbian exchange potatoes corn and tomato so if this thing didn't happen you'd really swap it out they are very heavy I'll do calories in a second I have it thanks yeah this is grams per day so they're really heavy and in fact the biggest thing on this list is beer which is 410 grams per day we want to give a couple different views of data so this is this is the world one and you know as you can see they're sort of a wheat potatoes rice and corn play a huge role and a lot of corn obviously is fed to animals which is not shown here so imagine Indian food which I love I've I live a lot in India over the last five years I spent most of my time there and I'm looking at the food I'm thinking what would this food be like without tomatoes potatoes or chili pre-Columbian Indian food would be totally different so we think of cuisine as being fairly static but actually moves incredibly fast especially for talking about ecological and geological time scales five hundred years obviously nothing and now that our food is creating pressures on planetary scale ecosystems decisions like tomato or no tomato the world over are really interesting so this is what this fellow here was just before this is actually not by grams but by calories so about 50% of our calories on the planet come from just four crops rice corn wheat and potato and then 95% of our calories come from just 30 crops which means though there's a long tail that goes here all the way around the room for everything else that we eat so things have changed significantly since 1500 and one of the reasons we're seeing this long tail effects is hugely networked global food system so you're getting this concentration at the top where you used to have local cultures that would survive on barley or sorghum or sweet potato not as much as we have a huge networked economy and like any network you have a long tail effects and you all thought also have really brittle effects so if there was a blight horribly that took out all the potatoes in the world like happened in Ireland once you'd have a huge problem so the same network effects that apply to sort of computer networks are also applying to our food system and what we're seeing this sort of winner takes all phenomenon of these top crops so we were recently doing research about a month ago in Ireland and we're visiting the Irish Sheet Savers and they introduced us to this varietal of potato the butte potato so during the Irish famine a few communities and Kerry ate this potato just because they preferred the taste than the other potatoes that weren't offer and it wasn't affected by the blight and so this one community actually survived the Irish potato famine and didn't have the sort of deaths from starvation or outmigrations because they had access to this potato and Irish Sheet Savers is this awesome group that's still keeping this potato varietal alive so there's a lot of these groups around the world and I don't know how much you guys know about them but I think there's really great opportunities for collaboration between this community and seed saving communities and I know that that's already happened a bit in technology communities so you can yourself become a seed defender if you want and of course in terms of thinking about security I was at a random I was at a think tank in India and I just randomly grabbed a book off the shelf and I found I ended up with this collection of papers from Russian American workshop on high-impact terrorism and there's paper on food security and agro-terrorism and so this is from the year 2000 it's a really strange thing because the way contemporary agro-terrorism is conceived of to security experts or terrorism scenario planners directly contradicts the things that industrial agricultural companies corporations like Monsanto and Dow would want so they would like to see a further consolidation of the food chain and commodification but the security apparatus understands that that makes it really brittle so there's a cognitive dissonance in the halls of power which makes it still a really interesting and open space because it seems like you can't really figure out what to do and if you look at this list this is someone making recommendations to Russian and American security experts it reads like a wish list of the transition town movement or I don't know in Germany maybe you have them if not the Green Party it reads like a peak oil preparedness list these are all things you would want to do to prepare for agro-terrorism and yet they directly contradict the needs and desires of companies like Monsanto so it's a strange contradiction and of course you can't have a paranoid and confused military-industrial agricultural corporate complex without the dystopic literature of resistance so in terms of sort of the biopunk space I highly recommend Windup Girl it's a really interesting book and it's sort of a post climate change flood in Thailand and the entire economy has reverted to using calories as a currency and there's a lot of sort of genetic hacking of different plants so it's a really interesting book I would recommend in this space in terms of some of the things we could do about this directly as eaters is just to get really fetishistic about cultivars and to not eat just the plain white potatoes there's purple potatoes there's red potatoes just getting really kinky about what kind of potatoes you put in your mouth could be hugely effective some of the things that this does is it makes other fitness functions in the global food system other than efficiency right like big companies want really efficient potatoes that grow fast and you don't have aren't susceptible to a lot of blight and this is a way of reinforcing diversity and resilience so just being really stupidly geeky about the kinds of diversity of potatoes you eat could be a really small interesting change and you know it goes great with potatoes butter we were in Norway last week and cats mom was actually going to ask us to smuggle in butter because as you may have heard there was a massive butter crisis and Norway one of the richest Christ with richest countries on the planet was brought to its knees so this is just to say that these food systems are severely fragile or even a country like Norway can be affected overnight when butter is not available and things like the carrots which were orange and were preferred I mean they were sweet but they were also preferred as orange carrots because they had to do with politics and cultural preferences are an example of the way that things may start off as novelty items and then just spread and so we're going to talk more about the space potato and have cut a lot of it out in fact because we haven't found good English English language press on it I don't want to mislead you but from what we can tell from the few BBC articles and other documented evidence of this is there's this sweet potato actually not a potato sweet potato that the Chinese sent into space and brought back down they have sort of state sponsored celebrations on Valentine's Day because it's purple and looks like a heart and where they have cooks cook with it and so it's an interesting symbol of sort of national strength and the space the space program and so there's not that this particular sweet potato is agronomically better or better for cooking but it has this sort of message that it carries and so people might prefer it so that's just an example of how things might spread and so now we'll go behind enemy lines yeah so the next ingredient is grapefruit and the story starts with another technology the atomic bomb was a significant scientific discovery and a demonstration of innovation and engineering of in engineering and warfare but and it was detonated twice in 1945 in Japan where 200,000 people died and today it's also known as a weapon of mass destruction and is a catalyst for ongoing kind of war and conflict so you can start to ask yourself is all innovation good and what is innovation how do you classify it so post World War two nation states with atomic program started to search for peaceful applications for this for they basically started Atoms for Peace in the US and exploring potential uses within agriculture medicine and industry so this was launched in 1953 and Paige Johnson who writes the garden history girl blog has researched this extensively and here you see two gamma gardens one from 1958 in the US and this one on the right is contemporary gamma garden in Japan which is basically radiation breeding facilities so this is a quote yesterday I held in my hand the most sensational plant in Britain it's the only one of its kind nothing of its sorts has ever been seen in the country before to me it has all the romance of something from outer space it's the first atomic peanut it's a lush green plant and gives you a strange almost alarming sense of thrusting power and lusty health it holds a glittering promise in its green leaves the promise of victory over famine so this shows how some people were quite enthusiastic about this new application of atomic energy and whenever a new technology is introduced the debates tend to be polarized so you have the supporters saying that oh atomic agriculture will save us from famine and you've got the critics who are horrified that we could continue to propagate such a destructive technology and today more than 2,500 crops mutant crops have been officially registered with the United Nations and the International Atomic Energy Agency and three-quarters of that is from gamma radiation and as you can see it's happened also on every continent except Antarctica and the most recent one that we've found is at the plant biology department at the University of California at Riverside they announced the successful creation of Kino LS and this is a sweet and seedless fruit which has been approved to be available in nurseries since June 2011 if you're interested in finding out what you can find in your neighborhood there's the the meta database IEA la la la it's a bit of a mouthful but yeah so you can look it up because you know despite wide acceptance of working with nuclear materials it's still needs some paperwork so just as a like random test we were in Portland Oregon and we went to the local supermarket and picked the three available grapefruits because we heard that grapefruits have been radiation bred for in the US and so we took the first one which was a star ruby and it showed up in the database and it was officially proved in 1970 preferred for its seedlessness the second one was Rio red and this two came up on the database and it was preferred for its deep red color and the third was called apparently a star grapefruit which didn't show on the database and it's exact origins remain slightly undiscovered for us but two of the three that we came home with came from mutagenic breeding which isn't exactly a great sample size but as a small local experiment it was you know it was interesting so it seems that when hopes and dreams and fears nightmares subside one is left with some seedless oranges and mutagenic breeding it didn't quite end starvation but and many people are eating mutagenic varietals without even knowing it so you could occur that mutations occur all the time naturally so this is speeding up a natural process but we've already talked about yeah and the relevance of this history is really striking to the GMO debate and it's time to be kind of honest about what technology can do for food because it won't single-handedly end world hunger and it's embedded in a messy tangle of politics and economics and I think it's time to sort of acknowledge that and include that in these debates about emerging tech so here's a map which maps all the current nuclear reactors in the world and it's with earthquake lines from map td.com and so considering recent events in Japan and the number of aging nuclear reactors in the world it's not really hard to imagine a future where amateur bioprospectors are sort of trolling through unintentionally radiated fields looking for surviving cultivars and we can never quite predict the exact outcomes when introducing a new technology so looking for Germany on the IAEA's database there's a hundred and seventy one matches the most recent are actually they're not the most recent but they're just various ones I picked so there's barley fava beans and common beans they've been applied for so this is applied for planting and not necessarily for commercial use maybe for experimentation and that sort of thing but yeah so one is to improve plant architecture and yeah you can find all of this information quite easily so next up is the tomato so we continue behind enemy lines from radiation breeding to genetically modified organisms for agriculture and so we're really interested in asking strange questions about GMOs that haven't been asked before so one was where do failed GMOs go to die so you make this genetically modified organism and what happens to it so we glommed on to this fish tomato and so you know when I was like a teenager to go to these punk rock shows and I remember there'd be a poster with like a banana being unpeeled and a fish inside or like you know a needle being injected into a tomato I was really struck I mean I was 13 but I these images are really powerful to me and so when we started getting geeky about this two years ago I was like yeah whatever happened to that fish tomato thing and it's a really important story because this image idea is really strong in a lot of people's heads and the idea of a fish gene being inserted into a tomato plays with a lot of cultural assumptions and brings up a lot of fears that people have about this technology and what I started doing some preliminary research and it was really strange because a lot of the histories of biotechnology that I was reading claim that it never existed the fish tomato or that they just ignored it all together and some books I read even claim that the fish tomato was a figment of activist imagination and I'm activist and I'm friends with a lot of activists and our imaginations just not that good so I couldn't I didn't buy that one so it turns out there was a fish tomato it was a tomato with an anti-freeze gene that was isolated from a winter flounder inserted and the idea was to create a frost tolerant varietal of tomato so you put the tomato in the ground a frost would come and the tomato plant would survive so this image is from a 2003 BBC article which is no longer on their website anymore it just says article needs fixing but we have a screenshot of it that we can share with you and so did the fish tomato ever exist how do we find this out this is a really funny story I was teaching a color theory painting type class in India at an art school and I didn't I don't like painting that much so I said we're gonna study the color of vegetables and my students like cool you always do weird stuff whatever so I said can you tell me what color the fish tomato is I told them the story I just told you and I said here's the internet I'll see you in half an hour and within half hour one of the students came up to me says hey I found this document is it useful and I was like this is amazing this is like the goldmine and so what it was is these type written documents from the 90s had been scanned and finally put into an archive and so you can see here this is permit number 91-079-01 tomato anti-freeze gene fancy word I can't say protein a so this was a field test application by this company DNA plant technology to the USDA and so they basically got permission to test it this this plant in California and so was the fish tomato ever grown outside of the lab we don't know because the US laws are really strange they just require companies and universities like DNA plant technology to apply for a field test permit and once the company gets permission they don't have to report back so we don't know in fact if this was ever tested outside the lab people one way to assume that it would if they went through all the process of filling out the paperwork so the trail sort of goes dead there in some ways but you may have heard about the company DNA plant technology did anyone see this movie the insider sort of famous so this is the sort of story of a tobacco industry whistleblower and DNA plant technology gets involved in this this is just like I can't even make this stuff up like I said activists are not that creative truth is so much stranger than fiction so in addition to creating the fish tomato this company also worked on why one tobacco a strain with an unusually high nicotine content that apparently the company then lied about and they were the company DNA plant technology was charged with illegally smuggling why one tobacco seeds out of the US to grow it in South and Central America because they couldn't get permission in the US and there's all other kinds of craziness at this company's involved with so like in terms of our research this is a Wikipedia article that we edit when we have some extra free time I encourage you guys to do too we like to sort of contest these ideas in the public realm because we're not formal academics in the space so we put our research and primary source documents up on Wikipedia so if you find anything else about the week about DNA plant technology or fish tomato we'd love to see you on Wikipedia and other open repositories so then we can say that people are going to do unexpected things with technology and we'll tell you some more about that but where we're doing what we're doing with this project now is we're cooking a soup called vegetarian Buya base which calls for the fish tomato if we abase is a French Provençal stew that's tomato and different kinds of fish and so we'll just put it together in one thing and it's a bit of a hokey metaphor if you're a molecular biologist sorry about that I can tell you about the subtlety later but the idea is that we have this recipe now we have to find this tomato so we're searching for we think because it was intellectual property there's some germplasm or seeds stored somewhere in the United States or perhaps there's still some plants being cultivated somewhere so one look out for and we would very much actually like to cultivate this plant in stare out conditions because it's important to science there's no data about this plant we don't happen this experiment and you know we continue to give people power by calling them scientists when they're not science scientists so if DNA plant technology is a company and the scientists working on this project do not provide data we shouldn't call them scientists and give them that credit I mean we can call them you know biohackers or criminals in some case whatever but they're not scientists so we do want to find this tomato and reenact the science experiment so we could add that data to the sort of collective knowledge so if you guys are more interested in doing some data mining for transgenics it's obviously not hard my freshman color theory student took him about 10 minutes to find a really interesting story oh sorry before I get to show you how to do some interesting database stuff I take a lot of my inspiration from this work on this work from the critical art ensemble which is really amazing group and they have a book from 2002 called molecular invasion and this is their seven point plan for cultural resistance and I think that this is a really important thing to stay focused on when we're talking about being specific earlier because a lot of times when it comes to GMOs people just don't want to talk about them or get into the sort of what could be interesting about them or get into the sort of controversies in a specific deep way and following these seven things is sort of you know informally allowed me to do that although occasionally we still get in trouble at art schools this is a group called the Center for Postnatural History this is a good example of doing some data mining of transgenics they took the US database of field test applications and mapped it over time so you can go to their website and sort of see where all the different GMOs have been grown or I should say it to be specific where all the companies universities have gotten permission to do field tests of GMOs they may or may not have we don't know so I wanted to teach my students a little bit about using a database and and writing some stories from it and just as a reality test I wanted since I was in the US I looked at the European database of GMOs and I found this really interesting genetically modified cucumber from Poland you can see the number there and it's a very sweet cucumber I was trying to imagine like what are they doing with this so I invented a recipe for hyper sweet and sour pickles I don't know if that was the plan maybe they were just growing it so that they could make sugar in the way that you make sugar beets what you find when you actually investigate primary source documents is there's huge missing holes which is why it's so important to look at these actual documents so I my students do that as well I gave them access to the US database and European database of field test permits and had them write imaginary recipes for the genetically modified organisms which have been tested but not commercialized I think this is useful because the students got their hands dirty with something they feel really strongly about and they had to either reinforce or challenge their convictions and they got to ask interesting and imaginative questions and when they asked those questions and they looked for answers from the primary source documents that companies or universities were filling out they weren't finding answers which made them more curious and they had to fill in the blanks and work through the sort of minds of these companies and universities why is the Polish University making a super sweet cucumber what's this about so the website for Europe is here and we'll provide links on the web if you want to see it later and again let's look for Germany you like to be local so here's some of the recent field test applications University of Rostock has made a smut and fungi resistant wheat that they want to test Monsanto of course has the sugar beet and BASF plant science company has a potato that has altered starch metabolism so there's 80 there's there's been 80 applications to do live field testing of GMOs in Europe according to this database oh sorry that's just for Germany so you can you can take a look at some of those and see what stories are there what the geographies are what why people are doing this kind of genetics work and who does it benefit for okay so we have three more ingredients this is the last sort of normal ingredient aubergine so our work actually kicked off in early 2010 because I teach at a university in Bangalore India and there was a huge debate in India about whether or not to allow a product that Monsanto was trying to sell on Monsanto's being a large chemical former chemical and weapons manufacturer now our cultural company and if you don't know and so that Monsanto had this product BT Brinjal that they were trying to get into the country now India already has a genetically modified cotton that they've approved but they don't have any edible plants so the huge debate you know you're different people dressing up as aubergines from the US we call them eggplants and in India they call them Brinjal so I'll use those three terms interchangeably and the product was called BT Brinjal so why was Monsanto so interested in egg plants in India and so this is again this is we're doing some primary source research is really interesting this is a map of average a regional eggplant output let's just zoom in a little bit so this is where all the action is India and China and the thing about China is they have interesting intellectual property law enforcement and they have their own state sponsored genetic modification program so they don't actually really need Monsanto's products even if they wanted them I mean in India as a country of a billion people is the second highest producer of eggplants and if you could just get this one national government to take this product you'll be golden so I think I mean as I was looking at this map that was what I assessed that's how I could understand it that there was basically a political boundary India where a ton of eggplants were grown and it only took you know lobbying one government so they sort of focused their energies there I think the thing about companies like Monsanto is they just they don't hire enough creative people and so they didn't think about the history of eggplant India which is which is great I mean I'm happy that they don't hire creative people but they didn't think about the fact that aubergine is the only nightshade species that was indigenous to the old world like I showed you before all the other nightshades that we eat potato tomato came from the new world so it's been in South Asia for a really long time again all these awesome open source biohackers i.e. farmers have been making this wonderful diversity of plants for us so there's a very strong and unified resistance for many regions of the country for many different perspectives so obviously there are people who are concerned about human and ecosystem health some of those concerns I think are totally valid others than I would actually question based on the scientific research there was concerns about intellectual property rights there's concerns about agricultural biodiversity which to my mind is an absolutely huge one these were some of the images that I took at the protest in Bangalore that was organized by a variety of people and it's everything from you can see this one poster save our biodiversity which is a sort of appeal to a modernist scientific way of understanding the diversity of life to when scientists play God the kittens die I don't know there's something at the bottom I can't read but this is sort of an anti-modernist appeal or an appeal that says scientist and religion and there's different domains that people should work in so there was a range of appeals that protesters were making and believe it or not all of these different things you see are forms of aubergine so you have these tiny like hard grape shaped ones you have these ones with these huge spikes on the stem and there's an amazing diversity so what I was really surprised about was the amount of scientists and policymakers that were very pro BT bring off I think for a variety of reasons but there were in fact a lot of molecular biologists who were like oh you know we have a bunch of anti-modernist people from the villages they don't know any better if you like iPod if you like iPhones you're gonna love BT bring all so it's a sort of curious argument that was being made and this was from a political weekly an article called BT bring all need to refocus the debate where these authors say the BT bring all debate has featured technology technological worries relating to gently modified crops which appear relatively minor in comparison to the critical issue of who controls Indian agriculture and therefore who controls food security in India and I think this is not a perfect statement I would maybe disagree with the first part but I think the who controls part of something that I could talk to molecular biologists about I could talk to farmers about everyone sort of was interested in that topic so that's where you know sort of focused our energies and thought about so along with a class of students at the school right top we just went out to the markets in Bangalore and saw what kind of aubergines were available and these were the ones we found and so you know the thing about like cooking and recipes it's actually ecological sorry it's actually a technological ecosystem so you have this kind of aubergine that's like long and thin you have to cut in a certain way and it cooks a certain way it tastes better this way so there's all of these things co-evolving together it's not just the plant genetics itself it's how the culture uses it and so we were trying to think about that and also document the process of de-diversification which is already underway because even if there's no GMO aubergine in India there are big consolidated seed companies nationally that are that are selling less kinds of seeds and selling improved varieties and so one thing we always come back to is what do things taste like and so I think I missed this in the bait in 2010 but I never heard anyone talk about what GMO aubergine was gonna taste like and while it seems like maybe a silly question if you think about it for a second that answer a huge question that didn't come up which is what varieties of genetically modified aubergine is Monsanto going to try to sell is it one is it three is a sweet a sweet of 30 that will appeal to regional flavor profiles like this just did not come up so we do come back to this question of what do things taste like even things we might not want to taste and we're starting to call this connection between ecology agriculture and cuisine the biodiversity of the kitchen so the cultivars and hybrid varieties that are inputs into the kitchen become associated with flavors and preferences and cooking styles of this whole big messy thing and there's no top-down solution for that and you know this is just some of the ways how how food systems learn it's not a straightforward oh we're place X with Y and all will be good it's you place X with Y people cook differently they maybe get more obese because now they're even more sugar so it's really complex and so it is really important to take a holistic and inclusive approach to food systems I'll get off the soapbox now because I see like eyes going but I think we have some yeah this was the last thing from that article just as a reminder who owns GM technology appears to be far more crucial an issue than its GM this again it's something we can debate and have a conversation over but I think it's a good starting point so our second to last ingredient is sushi or zebrafish more specifically so some jelly jellyfish have this magnificent property where they appear to glow green in certain lighting conditions and it's caused by a gene sequence that expresses GFP which is green fluorescent protein and this is a zebrafish which is a model species used in biology to study a whole host of phenomenon and by inserting GFP into the zebrafish's DNA scientists have created a glowing fish and so people are going to do unexpected things with technology and making yeah so building on this innovative application of biotech a company decided to make this new commodity available to the public by selling glowfish as pets and they're now available in most pet shops in the US except for in California so very innovative and the glowing sushi cooking show was created to demonstrate just how easy it is to innovate with new technologies right in your own kitchen so how can government agencies and companies predict how a new genome will be used once it's led out of the lab they can't really so the glowfish was approved as a pet but that doesn't stop us from innovating on innovation and cooking with it so the the glowfish is available through the US except for in California as I mentioned and it's illegal in California itself so this is the not in California role this is the kryptonite role which is a wasabi glowfish paste basically mashed together spread on top of a cucumber sushi roll or you might be tempted by the stopping glow sashimi roll so soon we might also have another genetically engineered fish to make sushi with the fast-growing aqua bounty salmon is currently going through FDA approval well it has been for ten years so there was you know it's not that soon but the process for release in the US is classified as a new drug for the consumption of animals and not as the creation of a new organism so if this fish were to be approved what might the unintended consequences be perhaps you know people want to raise them as pets in their backyard but you know I wouldn't particularly worry because according to aqua bounty's website the fish are sterile and can't contaminate the wild environment so you know it's probably fine so the last ingredient is smog tasting or smog and the marvelous thing about whipping egg whites is that if you do it right the foam can approach 90% air so you can make site-specific egg foams so this was with a group of students in India again we basically whipped eggs in various locations around Bangalore and then cooked morangs and when you offer someone a morang made from different locations within a city you find out pretty quickly what their perception of the air quality is so you know it's a pretty low-tech version of biosensing but it seems to do the job and as we say the tragedy of the Cummins never tasted so good yeah I don't know if we can go yeah I wish of two minutes we'll just do these quick ideas for further exploration so we gave you a bunch of databases to look at and put those up on our website I just want to mention very quickly other ways you might immediately sort of do some things that so a highly technical sort of hardware hacking thing are these raw milk vending machines that I first saw in Chihon Spain but I know available and throughout Europe they might even be available in Germany I don't know but it's a sort of interesting technical fix for farmers who otherwise have to dump their milk because of EU regulations they sort of behind the scenes can sell their milk using these machines and the plastic and glass bottles reusable so it's a sort of interesting hardware hack that's out there another really amazing thing is there's a restaurant called Motto in Chicago and they have this idea of making they've made this fake tuna out of compressed watermelon and some sort of savory chemical and they sous vide and so it's a way of doing substitution through simulation so like if you like sushi you really want to eat well and not eat over fish fish but you end up doing it anyways and I haven't tasted this yet but it apparently tastes amazingly tuna so molecular gastronomy could have some answers as well and we've been looking at utopian cuisine the history of utopian foods from the last 100 years so things like seaweed and tofu and pill food and this is some of our recipes we've been making and lots people are wanting to eat invasive species I don't know if that's actually a great idea but it's an interesting one that could be furthered and then if you've never saved a seed this is my last appeal please this year when you get some vegetable that you buy the store out of a garden save the seed just go on YouTube there's a million videos and I think you just learn an amazing amount about the history of pre-digital computing which was largely vegetables and it's sort of both more much more difficult and much more easy to do that than you could ever imagine so that's my last appeal and yeah thanks to questions thank you very much we now have an audio angel going around with a microphone for the questions and I think the IRC is quite empty at the moment but hopefully somebody will show up there so the first questions please hello and my name is Geraldine and it's not a question it's just more like a tip and about what all that stuff you said about lobbying for transgenics and and that the action is in China and India I think the hardcore action also is in Mexico like the corn I mean Monsanto owns corn destroy corn and now it's like they the government also give permits to states to make pilot growth of like pilot city seed test not the university or anything like actually states now will be available so if you want to just I don't know research I think would be very interesting because like it's it's and there's no good corn in Mexico anymore even though corn is Mexican basically so I think it's interesting to research it thanks a lot and in fact yeah that I didn't know a ton about the GM corn seen in Mexico because I've mostly been in Asia the last five years but look into it I mean one thing we're working on right now is with one of our chefs is a corn smut recipe because you know they eat the corn the fungus that grows on corn in Mexico and but it's not popular all in the US so we're sort of working on that as one of our utopian cuisine so we can let you know about that thanks okay well did you get the data for the aubergine production heat mom because I've never seen these data before that was there's the wikipedia article on aubergine the data sets in the slide notes but I can but did they have the data for all the major crops or just no it's that was cropped by crop but I'm the FAO UN data set is pretty rich it's not so it's just by country level it's not by like regional level but that's in the country level I'm just wondering where did I get that I think that was a much more specific thanks thank you for your talk and in my experience the most interesting thing is that there's a lot of stuff around so this concerns old kinds of apples old wheat and then and that the most important thing is to create an economy around it so and not don't do not leave the economy to Monsanto and other things but create economy the local mostly local economy around the variety of things and this is just starting in and the experience is very interesting so you get a lot of different tastes much fresher vegetables and my biggest surprise was that the number of vegetables in the different tastes can completely or nearly completely replace eating of meat and something like this so most people eat meat because I'm more recipes for for meat than for vegetables but this is not true if you if you go into this long tail as you said it and and explore those interesting vegetables around yeah I'm kind of excited to see how that long tail might be shifting as this trend for farmers markets and kind of locally produced food is increasing and even in in the suburbs in the US his parents are now going to farmers markets and stuff which they wouldn't have considered you know a couple years ago even there's an additional question over here when you experiment with food that is not marketed as food like the glowfish how do you find out if it's moderately safe to eat like for example I'm interested in cooking with bugs like crickets which exists in lots of countries but basically in Germany you only get them as reptile food if you buy something like that do you know any resources where I can find out well if they're edible for humans I mean I think as a metaphor it's a bit like hardware hacking you know like I was like oh I'll do a circuit bent keyboard because I won't like kill myself with electricity and then you jump into the you know glowing stuff so I mean I think you know start start small and reasonable if you look at the glowing sushi project we did we actually spent a lot of time looking at all the primary source documentation from the the legal approval of it in the US and in fact what's really interesting is that there was one dissenture in California who said you know there's a pet but there's nothing stopping like cats or children from putting their hand in eating the fish out of the bowl and his sort of thing was dismissed so that was an interesting outcome but in all of the things that we've read about you know eating GFP lots of there's been studies of people eating GFP they think it passed through the body there's some studies that say there's gene transfer you know in the gut so it is a bit complex and so it's sort of you know at your own risk so we haven't yet fed it to anyone but ourselves so we're just doing self experimentation which is one thing so those sushi have only gone in our bodies but I think also it's important to know how it's been raised for example a lot of pet fish are in water that has some nasty chemicals and that kind of thing so so it's not you know I'd say you can probably eat with disclaimer but you can probably eat you know most bugs without getting drastically sick but you can also you can look on you know you can find out what bugs people eat already and that's generally a good indicator of what you can eat and there are some I know in the UK there's a website where you can order edible bugs but I can look for that I don't remember off the top of my head this somehow leads to one question from IOC and one participant wants to know if you can tell us how legal it would be to do such an experiments like genetic modifications when you just intend to eat the results yourselves and not sell it so it's country by country we're actually working in Ireland right now to science gallery and to do certain things they have to get approval from the government and strangely Ireland and Norway are the most lax in the EU but there's a lot of sort of biohacking communities that are making GFP yogurt which there's an experiment online that looks pretty simple it's sort of an illegal gray space as far as I can tell right now so I don't have an exact answer but if you're gonna do it formally in a research university like we're doing Ireland there are very set procedures about how to do it in terms of DIY bedroom hacking there's a lot of really good communities out there you can probably tap into them but I think they're sort of discovering it as they go what that what the lies but I think even I think as soon as you say you're going to eat something you get into really murky waters because even like DIY bio guys are having problems in terms of being allowed to use their various enzymes and things so then suggesting you're gonna eat them you know is another step which you have to kind of figure out we didn't make anything ourselves so eating off the shelf stuff I guess I think you know we're not deep into this community but a lot of our friends are in terms of the DIY biotech community and I think a big debate in that community is whether sort of go the route of making everything above board working through universities and and sort of sanctioned places or just do it in the bedroom and you know there's been a sort of big shift over the last four or five years for a variety of reasons so it's you can talk to those folks and they have a lot of interesting thoughts on it you weren't completely clear on the meringue whether it was really bad or was it good tasting when he put the smog in and different locations you could well I think the sugar kind of masked most everything but we did do one test which was right in front of the exhaust pipe of a big lorry and we looked at it under the microscope and you could see very distinct black particular matter and you could test for kind of VOC's and that sort of thing I think taste-wise it doesn't make a huge difference but I think perceptually or psychologically it it makes a much greater difference another questions and actually transporting the meringue once it's whipped is quite tricky we have a question from you again yes and one chatter wants to know if there any means to do some kind of self-monitoring post consumption of GMOs so regarding the physiological effects I was gonna say you could look at your poop and see if it glows under blacklight but I think the proteins would be denatured by then I think the thing to do is to look at some of the canonical research that's done on lab animals and go from there but I don't know specifically there's also quantify self who seemed to like to look at very many things so perhaps they're better at getting those kinds of tips anymore questions I can't see any no at all okay thank you for asking thank you for the talk


Thank you for giving me this opportunity to give a brief introduction about China, about China and the world by 2030. This is our new book, published Chinese version last October. Total topic, how to let the China step by step forward to the common prosperity society. Even talk about it, the world, how to step by step promote, we call it the Da Tong World, and will be a given definition. This book English word will be published this month by the Springer. This is the fourth time they not only forecast the China in future, but also they fourth time to give the forecast in the world. As you know, the China and the world very dynamic interaction between them. Today time very limited, I gave a briefly introduction of this lectures, there'll be my presentation in the internet. So, I quickly gave a briefly conclusion for our research or for a cast the world by 2030. Fourthly, that means the world the world into the world Golden Groups H. Secondly, the world industry structure readjustment gave us our opportunity to how to follow up even utilized. The third, that means the third new run of the economic globalization not only by the developed country, but also developed country like China. The fourth, that means science and technology and innovation revolution. The fourth, global aging and fuel child children innovation especially in the developing country, even the China and rapidly revolution. That's the point I call the global green revolution.  The fourthly, why we call the world into the third Golden Groups H? If you look at the historical record, for the Golden Age in the period of 1870 to the 1913, the world economic growth reached to the 2.1%. Second, the Golden Age since 1950 to the 1973, the world economic growth reached to the peak nearly the 4.9%. This is based on Angus Medicine Database. Here gave a very professional solidity research. If based on medicine database, we are continue to forecast to some of the city, we find that the world into the third Golden Age will be reached to the 3.5%. This conclusion, we are how to say forecast before international financial crisis in 2008, but even financial crisis coming, not pass, they live in, this world will be continue to Golden Age. That means driving by the North country. If you look at the map, the GDP share of the world total by two kind of the country. One is the record of South country. Second is the North country. We find it the map of the economic geographic big change. If you look at the South share of the world total, since 1820 from a 70% decline to nearly the 40% in 1950, even maintain this ratio until 2000. When the 2000 the South country, the share for time to over than 50% reach to the 52.4%.  By 2030, South country share will be reached to the more than the 66%. Even the China will be reached to the 33.4%. Meanwhile, North country from 47.6% in 2010 decline to 33%. This reflect the South's North country big change. That means from 70 to the 30 North to the South in the 1820 shift to 30 to the 70 in 1950. But now recovery, this is a very like a typical, they call the U-curve for the South countries. If you look at the industry structure global, a big change, even the agriculture share continual decline, industry continual decline, service sector continual increase. If I look at the map of the trade, both export and import in the global, you'll find it, the South country will be continued to increase to the 72% by 2030. The China will be continued from now, 10% increase to one of the fourth of the world total. The meanwhile, import share, big change, from now, more than 40% for the South increase the 60%. The China from now, 9% increase to 27%. We forecast the China will be from a trade surplus country shift to the balance between the import and export, even become net import country. If the China continue to open outside, look at the FDI, the China quickly become the newcomer. In 1980, the China very small the ratio, that's only accounted for 0.1% of world total. But now become number two or number three, reach to the 8.5% of the world. In the 2020, there will be increased 15%. 2030 will be reached to the 20%. That means the China quickly become a newcomer for the foreign direct investment host country, even go outside. So how to utilize the China opportunity? That means how to up so China FDI? This is for the global. So I think the China quickly to become a newcomer, new FDI, we need a lot of the international cooperation, especially international business cooperation. This is a reflect the China more and more promote the economic globalization from export, import, even the FDI after flow or inflow. More and more integration. So if I look at the R&D and the S&D science and technology, the China quickly become a newcomer to promote science and technology cooperation. This is a reflect the China have a very strong human capital advantage. In 1980, the China science and technology personal for time research, that's only 320. But now more than the 1.9 million the new data last year is a number one over them you and the U.S. By 2020, I directly involved in the China national long-term development of the talents or profession 2010 to the 2020, very big, which to the 3 million that means scientist engineering in the R&D this field by 2030 will be more than 4.2 billion, that means summer of the EU under the U.S.  Even now the multi-company set up the R&D institution more than 1,700 in 1995, that's only 203. So this is a reflect the China human capital especially R&D where gave opportunity that the China R&D more and more internationalization, more and more international cooperation become a new center of the R&D. If I look at the global aging population, rapidly increase even the China, if I look at the global challenge we call the number one, that means the global change. So the human being how to response, we think about it, they need to gather to initial a false industrialization revolution, we call the green revolution. That means they need to develop the green production, green energy, green consumption, green architecture, green house, even the green transportation. This is the reflect the human being need to pursue the new path, new model to development. I have another book to focus on this topic. If I look at the future in the world, we call the Datong Society, that means common perspective, why we believe in even the opportunity them. I calculated the catch up index of the GDP per capita, that means those country equal to 100%. If I look at the South Asian developing country, China and India, we founded the curve since 1820, we call the divergences, great divergences. Even look at 1950, South country account for about 20%. Continual decline after 2000, this curve reverse increased to the 18% after 10 years. If by 2030, there will be increased to more than 30%. Why North country or South country from great divergences shift to the great convergences?  They are quickly to a convergences with North country, especially like China with US. Not only from per capita GDP, but also education indicators, health indicators, even the HDI, Human Development Index. This is why we concern as all focus on human being. We are looking, this is a good news. Even the poverty of Solio table international standard, poverty in setting the right, rightly decline, especially China and India. The China next step target, that means get off all the Solio table of poverty population. If I look at the Da Tong, the peace, Da Tong world, what's meanings? We give a clear definition. One is the peaceful, the world, that means depend on the Chinese leaders. Second, we call the homilowness world. This is an announcement by our president, Hu Jintao 2004 or 2005. The third, this is our definition. That means common rich, the world. That means based on the catch up indicators, we find that the per capita GDP, per capita income, education, health and other indicators will be convergences. Last point, very important, we definition the green world.  I quickly to mention about it, China situation by 2030. Fourthly, we need to from economic side, secondly from science and technology. The third from human development. The fourth from common rich ideas. Last point, green contribution, from green contribution. I use the three approach to forecast the China GDP tendency with the US. Fourthly, we use the current exchange rate. Secondly, based on the PPP, current price. Thirdly, we use the Angus Madison methodology based on constant price at the PPP. That means in 1990s international US dollars. This is very professional to calculate. I introduce Koff-Schint. We call it catch up index that the US equal to 100%. If you look at the 2000 data, you'll find that these three approach very diversity, very difference. That means from 12% to the 54%. If you look at the 2010 from 40% to the 100%, that means based on Angus Madison data, 2008 US is about 1.07% of China. But now China is about 113% of the US. This is our calculate based on Angus data. If you look at the current exchange, we found that before international crisis, US GDP is about four times that of China. 2010 declined to 2.5 times. 2011, last year, reduced to 2.1 or 2.2 times. This reflects that China quickly catch up during the international financial crisis. I call the crisis in Chinese world equal to opportunity. Very rapidly catch up with US. By 2030, based on our three approach, we found it very convergent. That means China is about 2.0 times that of the US. So I discussion exchange ideas with American scholars. Mostly American scholar believe in the China that's only over than the US. Not think about the two times. This is a calculation very controversial. So I think we use a three approach to measure them. Secondly, we use per capita GDP, or GDP per capita, the same conclusion. China quickly to catch up. I use the catch up index of the GDP per capita. By 2030, the China will become the high income country. This definition I call the one country or one region. The per capita GDP is over than 50% of the US. This is my definition. By 2030, if based on catch up index, China catch up with US from 52% to 56%. This is our conclusion. Same conclusion similar with World Bank report. The same title, 2030 China. They not only calculate the absorptive, but also relative coefficient. This is a reflect the China quickly from I call the lowest low income country in 1978. That means China per capita GDP account for about half of the low income average, that's only 50%.  This is reflect the China create economical miracle quickly to accelerate industrialization, modernization and other factors. I quickly gave a summary of a book. That means reflect the future of China and the world. Fourthly, the common prosperity of the country. This means very important for our target in the future. Even this time 18 congress will be discussion about China growth by 2030. We gave a solid background research report. Secondly, common prosperity of the world.  Last point, China will be the most powerful engine for the global economic development. The new donors international development assistance. My book we called very big ODA plan. That means by 2015 the China ODA, especially for the Asia and the African American, North American countries reach to 0.3% of GDP. That means Americans now only 0.3%. By 2020 we will reach to 0.7%. By 2030 more than 1%. So the China will become number one donation of the ODA. Last point, the leading country of the global big transformation. Promote free trade, promote economic globalization, promote green world. So if the world success, if the China failure, the world should be failure. Thank you very much.


I'm your host Rich here. We have a RichTV live and obviously we also are hosting RichPigsDaily and if you guys would like to learn how to trade you can join our trading club at richpigsdaily.com where you're going to learn about early stage stocks and cryptocurrencies every single day. Today we're going to talk about a brand new IPO and let's get right into it. Pathway Health brand new IPO. Let's get right into it. All right. So this is Pathway Health. This is a new IPO and they are out today. Last time I looked they were up already 10% right off the bat. Pathway Health Corp is one of the largest providers of out-of-hospital pain management services in Canada. The company owns and operates nine community-based clinics across four provinces where its team of health professionals work together to help patients through a variety of evidence-based approaches. Pathway Health's patient care programs utilize an interdisciplinary approach that is guided by trained pain specialists physical and occupational therapists nurses and other health care providers. Pathway Health also has developed an enterprise in harm reduction where medicinal cannabis is being used as an alternative to traditional opioids. And Pathway Health has been able to raise some capital as well. Closing 13.8 million in financing and currently Pathway Health is up 10% right now. And let's go into their share structure. So really important to understand the share structure. 93 million shares issued outstanding giving them a 51 million market cap currently up 10% at 55 cents with the symbol PHC. Once again the symbol is PHC up 10% and 93 million shares listed issued outstanding. If you guys like these videos smash the like button, comment down below, share the video everywhere and subscribe. Love to hear your guys messages. Let's see what some of you guys got to say about Pathway Health. Morning Rich, long time good to see you doing well, doing great. Pluto Minds, good morning. Explore with AJ still on the bus holding strong. Okay, that's what I like to hear. That's what I like to hear. So let's go through this deck here. Pathway Health, this is the corporate presentation. I'm going to break it down right now. All right, let's break this down. Okay, so Pathway Health is one of the largest providers of chronic pain services in Canada. Three year revenue growth, 600K in 2018 to 12.6 million in 2020. That's some substantial growth. Largest chronic pain telehealth network in Canada. Nine pain clinic locations across Canada. Target is 15. Leading partner with Canadian pharmacy companies. Agreements with 1300 pharmacies in place. Goal is to be on board 2,000 pharmacies by end of 2021 and 3,000 by the end of 2022, RE Medical Cannabis. MySpark Proprietary IT, actionable digital intelligence, 13.8 million over subscribed financing in March 2021, which I've told you guys about anticipating TSX V trading as of today, June 17th, 2021. Leadership team Ken Ewan is the CEO and Wayne Cockburn. Coburn is the president. Aura Calboa is the CFO and you can read all of their... So, interesting here. It's spelt, Wayne Cockburn, but you actually pronounce it Wayne Coburn. Is the president? Stay tuned to that interview. So, you can see here their experience. You can read about all of their experience right here, right on their deck. Hey, Phil, good morning. Hope you're doing well. So, if Phil has the same morning, Rich, looks like another winner. Excellent outlook. Yeah, and we're going to go through this and try to find as much information as we can about this company. This is their leadership team continued. I'm not going to read through all of their experience, but you can feel free to read through it yourself at your convenience. So, as you can see here, pathway health, chronic pain, a large and growing problem, prevalent. One in five Canadian adults experience chronic pain, burdensome, 50 billion in health and care resources and productivity losses. Lack of specialists, specialized pain services are largely inaccessible under capacity, one to three years average wait time for treatment at publicly funded pain clinics in Canada. The opportunity, fragmented industry opportunity to be the consolidator, partnering opportunities, pharmacies, workers, comps, workers, comps, unions, insurance companies, family medical practices, allied health, LPs, First Nations, government and clinical trials. Cannabis 3.0 2021, focus on medical. So, this is a major focus on medical, not a recreational, harm reduction, public dialogue of alternative approaches to pain management, accredited acquisitions built on existing infrastructure, improve access for patients, business units, services. So, you can see a network of pain claim major market across Canada, interdisciplinary procedures by trained pain specialists, largest medical cannabis telehealth network in the country and pharmacy partnerships, products, slaughter ortho estimate 1952, leader in Montreal and surrounding areas in orthotics, prosthetics and home healthcare products, cannabis health products for clinics and pharmacy partners pending, branding and co-branding, innovation, MySpark, web-based platform, proprietary data management system, portal for doctors, nurse, pharmacists, patients, LPs and government, creating an online community. Throw the growth plans for 2021 and 2022, interventional clinics, current nine locations including Toronto, three in Montreal, Chateau Goethe, Magog, Saskatoon, Winnipeg and Selkirk. Goal of 12 to 15 clinics across Canada, new clinics in British Columbia, Alberta and East Coast through acquisition of affiliation. Expansion of international pain model into current locations, ketamine infusions, image guided therapies, etc. and pharmacy referrals. Growth plans in 2021, cannabis products and services, acquisition of new patients, guys so much here, it's really so much here, it's pretty, it's pretty, pretty outstanding company to be quite honest with you, acquisition of new patients, a creditive to existing active base of 50,000 patients. Expansion into all provinces and regions, pharmacy referrals for chronic pain and other, acquisition of medical sales license without possession, Health Canada for business to business and business to consumer sales. Development of proprietary cannabis health products fees for PHC clinics and pharmacies, proprietary e-commerce portal in preparation for CHPs. So these are the pharmacy partnerships, preparing pharmacy professionals to play an active and appropriate role in the rapidly evolving world of cannabis. So you can see sobies, lotten's drugs, Safeway, medical pharmacies and lawful drugs. PHC has signed agreements with six national pharmacy providers to date, 1300 retail pharmacies covered by agreements, furl agreements, harm reduction opioids, commercial distance negotiations underway with companies representing other name brand pharmacies. This is just the beginning and essentially just the start. Pharmacy initiatives, pharmacists, education and certification, Canadian council on continuing education and pharmacy medication, medical cannabis education for pharmacists, for provincial accreditation, bilingual program owned by and exclusive to PHC. Patient referrals goal to become preferred chronic pain, telemedicine provider to Canadian pharmacies, education, marketing support to pharmacies, proprietary IT to facilitate integration of EMRs, refined dosing, circle of care support, product development and distribution, secure retail pharmacy shelf space for future CBD, OTC product distribution through our agreements with pharmacy partners. Pharmacy referrals, Canada has approximately 42,500 licensed pharmacists working in more than 10,000 pharmacies. PHC forecast includes two new patient referrals per month per on boarded pharmacy to start goal on board 2000 pharmacies by end of 2021. PHC intends to start a harm reduction pilot program with a pharmacy partner to reduce opioid dependence future referrals from pharmacies to PHC, interdisciplinary pain clinics and medical cannabis telehealth network expansion of product development and distribution. So distribution network includes PHC's 350,000 patient database and national pharmacy partners co-branding opportunities with pharmacy partners for preferential shelf space, exclusives to proprietary delivery system for increased absorption of active ingredients for use with pharmacy and LP partners. CBD infused products generally have gross margins higher than pharmaceutical drugs, wine, beer, liquor and cigarettes, proprietary distribution network for healthcare and pain related products, patients and large consumers. This is MySpark proprietary cannabis for medical purposes IP so you can see Health Canada, MySpark, pharmacies, physicians, patient portal and PLPs, referred licensed producers and let's take a look at the financial overview. So you can see the revenue in 2018 was only 600,000. 2019 grew to 6.6 million in 2020, 12.6 million in revenue. 2020 revenue contribution you can see 31% came from LPs, 17% from products, Slawner and OTC, 46.8% from provincial billings and 4% from non-insured. Oh 3.9 million from LP revenue in 2018, education and marketing revenue oh like actually breaking down their full so breaking down their full 12.6 million in revenue in 2020, 3.9 million was LP revenue, education and marketing revenue 100% gross margins, 5.9 million in provincial billing, physician billings 20% gross margins, 500,000 in non-insured billing, patient private pay, 80% gross margins and 2.2 million in product sales, Quebec orthopedic sales and 70% gross margins. To look at the industry parallels and comparables so you can see Doc obviously one that we've talked about, Carebook another one that we've talked about, Empower Clinics another one we've talked about a lot, Skylight Health another one that we've talked about a lot, Well Health another one that we've talked about a lot. So this is an interesting company it's taking two very fast growing exciting early stage sectors in telehealth and telemedicine and cannabis and combining it to create Pathway Health Corp PHC. So you can see the industry comparables and you can see the revenue price the sales and you compare the medium company the mean company and then pathway health and how they compare to other peers. So when we look at their CAP structure and we look at the shares, machine outstanding and owned you can see the convertible to Benchers and you can see Kanakor did a financing for 20 million shares. So Kanakor has a big piece and you can see that Currican Health Corp also owns 60% 51 million shares and that gives them a grand total of 85 million shares. I believe it's a little bit higher now. I believe it's actually 93 million shares listed fully issued and outstanding. Our jam says Rich Wen is another interview in coming. I'm actually going to be interviewing the CEO of Baby after this interview today. Stay tuned and I have interviewed the management of Pathway Health. Stay tuned to that interview as well. That should be coming out shortly. ASXC good upside. Hey thank you for sharing. So that's the share structure of Pathway Health Corp. So let's take a look at a summary. Largest out of hospital chronic pain clinic in Canada 10,000 patient visits in 2020. TCN completed five acquisitions since January 2019 to become the nation's largest chronic pain telemedicine network growing database of more than 350,000 patients for product distribution and data analytics. Proven execution and strategic growth. Revenue has grown from 600k to almost 13 million in three years. Unbelievable organic revenue growth signed five agreements in 2020 with some of the nation's largest retail pharmacies becoming the leading referral site for pain products and services for thousands of Canadian pharmacies. Developing a unique IT platform allowing the company to scale pharmacy initiative and expand its telemedicine services to many physicians through EMR partnerships. Proven management, expertise and experience to grow the business to become the dominant out of hospital pain management business in Canada. So contact information. Feel free to contact Wayne Coburn the president at<PHONE_NUMBER> or email at wane.spellt-c-o-c-k-b-u-r-n at pathwayhealth.ca or Dave Burwell, vice president at the Howard group for investor relations. So that's their deck. All right, that's the company deck. Now let's take a look at some more. Let's take a look at some more. Okay, so we're going to go and look at their information right now on TMX money. Let's just update this and see if there's any change in price. Okay, currently at 55 cents up 10%. 93 million shares listed, issue not standing. I want to read you guys some of the recent news. So on March 16th, they had a news pathway health corp and Coulson capital corp announced a closing of a 13.8 million financing. So they are well capitalized through this financing. Coulson capital corp symbol is COLSP. They are also public and they receive 27,600,000 shares at 50 cents for 13.8 million dollars. So they've been able to raise some capital. So that's very good for them right there. And let's also go to their website. Let's check out look at their website. All right, so this is the website. If you guys have any questions, feel free to let me know what those questions are. We're going to go through the website real quickly here. All right, so pathway health.ca is the website creating a pathway to better health. You can follow them on Facebook. I'm going to do that right now. I just like them on Facebook. They are literally trading today for the very first time. So if you're wanting to get into this, it's literally the first day to get in and we are now following them on Twitter. Only 15 followers on Twitter. I'm going to hit the bell for notifications every time they have any big news. We'll get notified. So only 15 followers on Twitter guys, we're literally like first people following these guys and let's follow them on LinkedIn as well. Let's follow them on LinkedIn. So now we're following them on LinkedIn as well. There we go. Pathway health. All right, so that's them on Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn. I followed there. So at Pathway Health, we are committed to delivering personalized care to help improve a patient's quality of life. We strive to provide patients with timely access to personalized plans using advanced and clinically proven solutions to achieve the best outcomes. Here at Rich TV Live, we love to bring you undervalued, underappreciated, underexposed opportunities first. And that's exactly what we're doing here with Pathway Health, another IPO that we're bringing to you guys first. Let's read about them. Pathway Health is one of the largest providers of out-of-hospital pain management services in Canada. We own and operate nine community-based clinics across four provinces where our team of health professionals work together to help patients by using a variety of evidence-based approaches. Our patient care programs utilize an interdisciplinary approach that includes trained pain specialists, physical and occupational therapists, psychologists, nurses, and other healthcare providers. Pathway Health has also developed an expertise in harm reduction where medicinal cannabis is being used as an alternative to traditional opioids. So the leadership team, once again, Ken Yoon, Wayne Coburn, and Aura Balboa. Wayne Coburn, president over 25 years of healthcare experience, specializing in strategic planning, corporate finance, and capital market strategies, corporate partnering governance, mergers, and acquisitions. Stay tuned to my interview with Wayne. That's the team. And if you go to our companies, you can learn about Pathway Health services. This break it all down. Pathway Health Services is one of the largest providers of out-of-hospital pain management services in Canada. The company owns and operates nine community-based clinics across four provinces where its team of health professionals work together to help patients through a variety of evidence-based approaches. Pathway Health's patient care program utilize an interdisciplinary approach that is guided by trained pain specialists, physical and occupational therapists, nurses, and other healthcare providers. Pathway Health also has developed an expertise in harm reduction where medicinal cannabis is being used as an alternative to traditional opioids. So you can see these four here. And if we go to those are their services and Pathway Health products. So Pathway Health Corp has entered into a strategic partnership with GEOCAN that will bring VESI SOARB formulated products to the forefront of the rapidly evolving medical cannabis programs of leading Canadian pharmacies. GEOCAN has the exclusive rights to the patented VEO BESI SOARB drug delivery technology for cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoid formulations. Technology has been successfully applied to a wide range of medical cannabis product applications, including soft gel and hard shell capsules, functional foods and beverage, powder systems, tinctures, sublingual sprays, and topically applied formulations. The Cool Company and Pathway Health Innovations. I love bringing you guys companies. I love bringing you IPOs and I love bringing them to you first. The whole modus operandi of Rich TV Live is that we bring you the winners and we bring them to you first. We love to bring you undervalued, underappreciated, underexposed opportunities and you can't get any sooner than the first day of trading ever of a publicly listed IPO that has a chance to grow like Pathway Health. Pathway Health Innovations has invested in the development of its proprietary Spark software platform to support its business objectives. Spark software is application software that provides Pathway Health access to Health Canada licensed products, producers and sellers, product inventory levels, and the ability to download patient medical documents for order fulfillment. These and other innovation functions, innovative functions make the Spark software a key component of a scalable model for implementing thousands of pharmacies across Canada and meeting the financial accountability requirements in Pathway Health's pharmacy contracts. As an investor, you just click on investors. Once again, the website is PathwayHealth.ca and I believe they are only listed in Canada so far on the TSX Venture Exchange but as they get listed in other areas and other markets, we will make sure that you are aware and you know first. This is all their news. All the news is listed on their website. So what do you guys think of this news? If you want to contact them, you can go to the contact section of the website and feel free to contact them. Love to know what you guys think about this news, brand new IPO, Pathway Health. We love to bring in the winners and we love to bring them to you first. What do you guys think? It's Playa says, this one looks good, rich, cheers. Hey, you know, I love to bring you winners and I love to bring them to you first. What do you think about Pathway Health Corp? Brand new IPO just coming out the gates and currently, let's see where it's trading, currently at 55 cents up 10% on the new IPO being out today. So what do you guys think? If you guys like this video, smash the like button, comment down below, share the video everywhere and subscribe. If you're live, what do you think of this news of a brand new IPO? Symbol PHC, Pathway Health Corp. Remember, Rich TV Live is strictly for information education purposes. Please always do your due diligence, do your research before you invest anything that we talk about here in Rich TV Live. Insane that always invest in the best, the best is blessed and you absolutely deserve the best in my opinion. And I think Pathway Health Corp PHC has a chance to be one of the best. We're taking cannabis and we're taking wellness, telemedicine, telehealth services and combining it into one to bring you this new IPO under the symbol PHC. Thank you guys for watching. If you're not winning, you're not watching. We bring you the winners and we bring them to you first. Put Pathway Health Corp PHC on your watch list, put it on your radar. I think it has a chance to be a huge winner long term. Love to know what you guys think. This is Rich from Rich TV Live. Have a nice day, everybody. Stay tuned to the CEO interview, the president interview coming out shortly should be out any day now with your boy Rich. We bring it to you first. Hope you have a great trading day. Hope everybody puts Pathway Health Corp on their radar, on their watch list. I think it has a chance to be special. Comment. Let me know what you guys think. Did you buy the stock? Are you putting them on your watch list? Are you thinking about investing? Let me know. And I'm going to let you guys know what I do, but I'm definitely watching them very, very closely. I think they have a chance to be a very, very big winner and stay tuned to more updates in the future on this company that I think has a great future, Pathway Health Corp PHC, your boy Rich from Rich TV Live. If you guys want to learn how to trade, go to richpicsdaily.com. Join our community. Learn how to trade your boy Rich from Rich TV Live and I'm out. Peace. PHC, Pathway Health Corp. Just want you to remember who brought it to you first, your boy Rich. It's true. We're bringing the winners and we bring them to you first. If you're not winning, you're not watching. Your boy's out. Peace.


Alright, so I'm honored to have the privilege of talking to you a little bit about some of the work that we're just kind of getting off the ground at Indiana, looking at the concurrent age-related macular degeneration and open-angle glaucoma when they occur in the same patient, and we've started by looking at the co-prevalence and then plan to take it from there. So, just a brief overview of the talk today, an introduction to the diseases and sort of what they mean, and then the meat of the talk will be the prevalence of concurrent open-angle glaucoma and macular degeneration. And then finally just a little conclusion in some future directions where we plan to take the project in the next couple of years. Both macular degeneration and glaucoma are significant causes of low vision and blindness in the United States. In whites, particularly, macular degeneration plays a very large role. About a quarter of cases of low vision, and it accounts for more than half of cases of blindness. About 14% in both low vision cases and blindness in Hispanic populations. Glaucoma plays a little bit larger role, particularly in blindness in Hispanic persons, but also a fairly significant piece of the pie of low vision and blindness in whites. As you can imagine, low vision and blindness is a major cause of disability. I was a little surprised to see that it ranks in the top ten, however, for disability in U.S. adults. And really after you get past the first three arthritis back and spine problems and heart problems, the rest of the top ten is pretty comparable. Blindness and vision problems comes in number nine, but really there's not much difference between the number four and number ten spots. Also causes a lot of, there's a lot of vision related quality of life issues. This is a little bit busy, this slide here, but if we look at the composite score for a quality of life measure, bilateral, moderate to severe vision loss compared with no vision loss causes a very significant effect size. So typically the convention is to say an effect size of about .8 is considered to be a large effect. This is all the way up to more than one and a half, which is very, very significant. And even in bilateral mild vision loss or unilateral moderate to severe causes or has a moderate effect size of about .5. That same pattern can be seen basically across the board with the exceptions of general health and ocular pain, which is not really terribly surprising, but the point here is that these vision related issues, glaucoma, macular degeneration and others, really do impede people's lives. Driving you can see has an enormous effect size, which is again not terribly unexpected. This 2005 survey of public knowledge attitudes and practices related to eye health and disease was very interesting to me. It was a very large survey done, they probed a lot of different areas of vision related health. They asked this question to adults to think about certain conditions that would affect their day-to-day living, and 71% of them responded that the loss of eyesight would be at 10 on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 indicating the greatest impact. So obviously people, I think fear is probably not an inappropriate word. Fear, loss of vision. Surprisingly though, the subsequent questioning revealed that in some cases they don't know an awful lot about it. So with glaucoma, most people were familiar with glaucoma. They responded correctly that glaucoma can cause vision loss. Fewer correct responses, more unsure responses that vision loss could be prevented. But I think this one is really striking that there are no early warning symptoms with glaucoma. Two-thirds of the respondents answered incorrectly there, showing that there's really a lot of education that could be done. Macular degeneration, there's no similar sort of big red bars indicating incorrect responses. But overall the correct responses related to macular degeneration were fewer, down to as low as 40% that it's hereditary. I think this just highlights the need to educate the public about these diseases and what to look for and how to prevent vision loss. So why study macular degeneration and open-angle glaucoma together? A classic sign of glaucoma is ganglion cell layer neuron loss. But some work from Medeiros and Cercio showed that a 47% loss of GCL neurons in exudative macular degeneration, they didn't find any such GCL neuron loss in non-exudative macular degeneration. Now I don't think this necessarily speaks to these diseases being closely linked or dependent on one another, but I do think that it raises the question at least of is there a similar process going on, especially in exudative AMD that may be related to some of the processes going on in glaucoma. Another study found optic disc changes that were associated particularly with larger extents of macular degeneration. But the literature is not completely clear on these issues. There have been a couple of studies particularly with optic disc appearance that found no relationship between macular degeneration, the extent of the macular degeneration, or the type and optic disc appearance. So we started our project using data from the Beaverdam eye study which included mostly whites and from the Los Angeles Latino eye study which included mostly Hispanics. These data for prevalence of glaucoma macular degeneration have been published previously in these individual studies. And these are just the definitions of glaucoma macular degeneration. Rather than go point by point through this, I think the take home is that these studies are very comparable. They use very similar definitions and their reading center was actually, they use the same reading center for all of their photographs, allowing I think for better comparison between these two studies and the prevalence estimates that they get, then maybe for other studies that don't have, that don't share those same similarities. From those studies, we see that the prevalence of open-angle glaucoma increases with age. About 20% of Hispanics over the age of 80 are affected with open-angle glaucoma and about 10% of whites over the age of 80. Macular degeneration is similarly in age-related disease. Almost 40% of whites over the age of 80 are affected with macular degeneration, with early macular degeneration, and again about a quarter of Hispanics. The numbers, the overall prevalence is much lower in late macular degeneration, but it's still between 5 and 10% and represents I think a significant number because of the vision loss that's associated with late macular degeneration. So we took those numbers from those studies to look at the prevalence of concurrent open-angle glaucoma and macular degeneration. As is expected, the overall numbers are much lower, but interestingly there seems to be not much difference between the prevalence of concurrent disease in whites and Hispanics. So early macular degeneration and open-angle glaucoma, about 6% of individuals over 80 and about 2% for open-angle glaucoma and late macular degeneration. With those numbers, we then wanted to ask sort of what does the future hold? The prevalence can be affected and there's actually some studies that have shown the prevalence of particularly macular degeneration may be decreasing, but assuming that those co-prevalence numbers hold steady, as the population ages, we would expect that the total number of cases would increase. So to get sort of an idea of how much we took the 2008 U.S. Census Bureau information with standard estimates of immigration, immigration rates, to estimate the total number of cases through 2050. If we start in 2015, about 1.3 million white people are expected to be affected with both open-angle glaucoma and macular degeneration. The numbers, about a tenth of that in the Hispanic population, 170,000 cases in 2015, but what's really striking is over the next 40 years in whites, the numbers expected to increase by about 50%, which is significant but not nearly to the extent that we see in Hispanics where the percent increase in the number of cases is expected to be about 350%, representing a much larger increase in the burden in the Hispanic population than in whites. So conclusions from our studies so far. Up to 8% of individuals over the age of 80 are affected with both open-angle glaucoma and macular degeneration. And the number of cases, the total number of cases is expected to increase over the next few decades as the population ages. I think it really highlights the importance of education but culturally appropriate education so that individuals are aware of the diseases that they exist. Their symptoms or lack thereof which I think is particularly important based on the survey data that we have as well as the potential for treatment and prevention of vision loss if proper treatment is sought. Just very briefly, our future, where we're going with in the future, we really want to explore this question of the independence of open-angle glaucoma and macular degeneration. The assumption so far has been that they are independent and the data are not overwhelmingly against that hypothesis, but we want to take a closer look using the Beaver Dam I study and the Los Angeles Latino I study data. We also hope to be able to identify risk factors for concurrent disease. We have, I think, a pretty good idea of risk factors for each of the diseases independently, but we want to take a closer look at individuals who have concurrent disease. And then we also plan to take a closer look at these glaucoma-like changes that occur in macular degeneration in our own sample of patients. And finally, we hope to contribute something to management in developing plans to take care of individuals who have both glaucoma and macular degeneration. This can be a particular problem as they're typically seen by two different people. Central vision loss can affect following glaucoma with visual fields, difficulties fixating centrally, things like that. So there's a lot of issues to be worked out that way. A list of references for the talk. And then I just want to acknowledge Lynn Rosette, who I've been working with most closely on this project in Indiana, as well as all of the individuals involved with the Beaver Dam I study, Los Angeles Latino I study, and then Dr. Weinreb at UCSD, who was Lynn's mentor and his provider. Yeah, so the definition of glaucoma specifically excluded ocular hypertensives without signs of disease. So the most, the important changes, optic disc appearance, nerve fiber layer loss, go back. I can't remember. I think there was one more that I'm not. Interocular pressure was considered, but it was not sufficient for diagnosis by itself. It had to occur in conjunction with one of the other things. But visual acuity loss is what I was thinking. So strict ocular hypertensives without any other manifestations of the disease were not included in the glaucoma. Thank you very much.