Since 1979, the Soviet Union, in violation of every convention protecting the rights of a sovereign nation, has tried to impose its will on the people of Afghanistan. Despite the death and destruction brought by the Soviets, the Afghan struggle for freedom continues. Afghanistan is an ancient country, a rich mosaic of ethnic traditions whose identity is shaped by Islam. Geography has placed it at a crossroads of trade. And throughout the 19th century, it was the object of imperialist rivalries. Since modern times, Afghanistan has outlined a careful policy of non-alignment and has maintained peaceful relations with its neighbor to the north. For years, Afghanistan accepted development aid from the Soviet Union to upgrade its agrarian economy. A network of modern roads was built to link its major cities to the Soviet border. This aid, however, was not without its consequences. Only years later did this become obvious. A former official in the Afghan government, who, like others in this report, cannot be identified in order to protect their family and friends, recalls the early days of Soviet aid to his country. Initially, people found some advantages in these assistance programs. Some areas were developed, roads were made and some factories were constructed. But after almost two or three decades, we found out that Russians had bad intentions right from the very beginning. Apparently, it was aid and assistance, but in reality, it was a program of exploitation. They exploited the country economically. And we found their ill-intention when the military coup of 1978 took place. This was the time that we found they wanted to change the country to a communist country, to a country which apparently would be a free country, but in reality, it would be one of their satellites, a country which would literally follow their instructions and their behavior. The oppression of this regime and the way they were killing the people, the way they were imprisoning the people, persecuting the people and torturing the people all showed that all these things were planned. As a result, people could not tolerate this and resistance started in different parts. Resistance was local and initially, it was wiped out quickly by the government forces. But people did not give up and they continued to resist. These resistance pockets grew and finally, they found it was too difficult for the government to cope with this. Recently, Radio Free Kabul has started broadcasting and provides once isolated resistance bands with news about the struggle against the Soviet invaders. One of the founders of this clandestine radio service is Vladimir Bukovsky, Soviet emigre and essayist, who has followed closely recent events in both his country and Afghanistan. What actually happened with the Afghanistan and the Soviet involvement there is very typical of a Soviet pattern of international relations. No matter how friendly is the neighboring country, they still work internally, subverting it, placing more support at one part of political spectrum to the disadvantage of another spectrum. They can't help it. The usual way, I mean they're committed to support so-called progressive forces, the forces of liberation. But then the next thing happens, it appears that this particular political group is not popular in their own country and the only way to keep it in power is by a very strong support supply of the external forces from the Soviet Union. When it looked as though the communist government of President Amin might prove unreliable or be deposed, the Soviets moved. In late December 1979, in their greatest show of force since the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, they airlifted thousands of soldiers into the Kabul area and moved tens of thousands more overland across the border into northern Afghanistan. One of the important points of the situation like that, why they can't really leave alone this country at the particular moment, is that they cannot tolerate the collapse of so-called friendly government on their own borders. Because then it may be a very dangerous precedent. It may set up, it may trigger a chain reaction inside of a Soviet Union, which is, as you know, consists of 130 different nationalities. Most of them occupied at one or another point of our history by the Soviet Union as actually Afghanistan was occupied. Four days after the Soviet invasion began, a radio message supposedly from Radio Kabul but actually from Radio Tashkent in the Soviet Union announced that Hafizullah Amin had been sentenced to death and that Babrak Karmal, then actually in the Soviet Union, had been unanimously elected as the new president. What proof exists that the Soviets came on the invitation of President Babrak Karmal? There is known for the simple reason that Babrak arrived with the Soviets. I mean, Babrak Karmal was not in Kabul in Afghanistan. When the Soviets invaded on December 27, they brought him with themself to Kabul. He was brought the very next day after Amin's assassination. Right after that, and within the next hour, practically, the relief between the Soviet Union and Afghanistan started to intensify. So there is no evidence that Babrak called for help. Since he was brought, I repeat, brought by the Soviets themselves. The Russian invasion of Afghanistan had big impact on the attitude of the developing countries in the third world against Russia. And for years, they were preaching that they were supporting developing countries, supporting them to maintain their freedom, and they just want to help them. But when they invaded Afghanistan, people found that Russia is not a reliable friend. It is difficult to rely on Russians. The same way they invaded Afghanistan, they could invade their country also. The world simply could not stand by and permit the Soviet Union to commit this act of aggression with impunity. Fifty nations petitioned the United Nations to condemn the USSR and to demand the immediate withdrawal of all Soviet troops from Afghanistan. Actually, the Soviet invasion does not represent anything but imperialist expansion aimed at establishing and consolidating a communist rule against the will of the peaceful Muslim Afghan people. No words there for which I shall say today can fully convey the deep sense of disappointment and dissolution which the government and people of Nigeria felt when they heard the news of Soviet armed intervention in Afghanistan, a third world developing non-aligned country which posed no immediate threat to the peace and security of the Soviet Union. The countries of the third world and the developing nations had believed, perhaps, optimistically that the time had passed when the major powers would send their soldiers and tanks into small countries and that war-like aggression had been ruled out as legitimate conduct in international life. But they were mistaken. The third world nations stated unequivocal opposition to Soviet aggression in Afghanistan. The final vote on the resolution calling for Soviet troop withdrawal was an overwhelming 104 in favor and 18 against. Again at meetings of the 42 nation Islamic conference, strong condemnation of the Soviet Union was virtually unanimous and called for the complete withdrawal of Soviet troops. Even in November 1981, the non-aligned nation sponsored a resolution in the United Nations General Assembly calling upon the Soviet Union to stop its aggression against the people of Afghanistan. The foreign minister of Malaysia stated that what was happening in Afghanistan was a cause for concern to us all. Particularly the small developing nations were anxious to free ourselves from external power domination and influence and consolidate our hard-won independence on the basis of the policy of non-alignment. The fact that the Soviet Union was not mentioned by name in the communique of the non-aligned movement relating to the situation in Afghanistan could not hide our deep disappointment and indignation and action of a superpower that often claims itself to be a supporter of the third world and the non-aligned movement. Once again the vote calling for the withdrawal of the Soviet forces from Afghanistan was overwhelming, this time 116 in favor and 23 against. The reaction of third world was rather strong, unexpectedly strong, more than anybody could expect it and probably for the first time in since 50s the majority of our countries in the United Nations condemned the Soviet aggression. Independent filmmaker and former British Army officer Nick Downey has been a close observer of Soviet military aggression in Afghanistan. In the first year after the invasion, during 1980, the psychological shock to the guerrillas of this sudden influx of Russian troops did seem to set them back, they almost seemed to be stunned by it and the Russians did with the Afghan army take back fairly large areas which they had lost in the previous 18 months fighting before the Russian invasion. And then the Russians from what one can gather having re-established the bases in the countryside withdrew to the main towns, to the main carousels and left the Afghan army to hold the areas they'd retaken and in this last year, 1981, the guerrillas in many cases retook the land which they'd lost the year before and so now the situation is very much the same as it was in 1979 before the Russian invasion and in some ways from the government point of view is much worse. Michael Berry, a representative of the International Federation for Human Rights, a Paris-based lawyers organization, has spent almost 10 years in Afghanistan. Apparently the Soviets had felt that simply bringing in their tanks into the country would be enough to terrorize the population into submission and seeing that this was not the case, they launched a total war attack. There was a wave of helicopter fire, parachute troops were landed on the houses, parachute troops went into the houses and simply shot everybody in them, forcing the population either to run away or die in the spot. Christian science monitor correspondent Edward Jurade has made several trips inside Afghanistan and has written extensively about the refugee camps. I visited numerous camps along the Pakistan-Afghan border. There are now an estimated two and a half million refugees, legal refugees, inside Pakistan and they're still coming over. The guerrillas leave their families in Pakistan and then groups go back inside maybe to fight three, four, five, ten weeks, whatever it be, also to collect supplies. But I think also they are justified in bringing their families because there's been a lot of bombing going on in the villages and in some parts they just cannot survive. The farms have been destroyed, their food storages have been destroyed and I think this is one tactic of the Soviets to destroy food, to try and burn the crops just before harvest time and so of course what are these people going to live on? They have to leave the country and I think this of course serves the purposes of the Soviet Union to try and remove people from certain areas so as to reduce the resistance or the ability of the locals to support the resistance. Elsewhere the Soviets are seeding the country with mines which not only hurt children especially who have trouble identifying these objects which blend very well with the terrain but also these mines are destroying the flocks, the goats, the sheep, the cattle are walking on these mines and blowing up on them. So through a combination of starvation tactics, bombing, wholesale attacks of villages, they will keep the pressure on a particular village so hot that they will force the population to flee. Recognized authority and author on resistance movements around the world, Professor Gérard Chalayan. The main tactic is of course to remain in the cities, to hold them tightly to create low on order especially in Kabul and also to control communications. They do that essentially with tanks. If they are attacked they send immediately their helicopters and their losses are moderate. On the other hand they are not controlling the country. It's a big country populated by at least 15 million people. There are around 90,000 Soviet troops which is not enough to control a country of 50 million people which is big like France. And I think their choice is politically at this stage and militarily to keep a low profile, to make hit and run big operations wherever the Mujahideen are too strong. For instance in provinces like Kunar in the valley of Panjshir not far from Kabul or in the city of Kandahar. Apart from purely military operations there is absolutely no attempt to use that overwork phrase win the hearts and minds which is an essential part of any counter-gurler campaign. They are just sitting there and it is or it looks like a holding operation as if the order has come from Moscow this war is to be fought as cheaply as possible. Well the Soviets are using a hot and cold strategy which consists of hitting one populated valley very hard and destroying the population forcing it to flee or killing it actually in order to convince other populations and other valleys that resistance is absolutely hopeless. And because the Soviets so far have not been able to convince the population of the hopelessness of any resistance they have been forced to rely increasingly on such terror tactics. An entire country has risen I mean almost as a man against the invader and that is almost unique in a guerrilla situation. I mean normally it's a tiny percentage of the population who are doing the fighting supported by a comparative minority amongst the civil population whereas in Afghanistan you have 17 to 20 million whatever the population is no one quite knows 17 to 20 million people have risen as one group the fact that they're not organized is what holds them back where they organized where they disciplined and trained no power on earth could hold them down. In the valley of Panshir there is some organization going on there are small units better organized more efficient as far as insurgency is concerned better disciplined something which is not that easy with Afghans who are traditional warriors and this is changing. A leader of one of the six major Mujahideen groups based in Bashar who himself has seen action in the field and who understands the need for better organization and cooperation among the various groups is Yunus Khalas. I don't think that the unification of the Afghan factions is impossible. We are fighting the same enemy all the Muslims are fighting the Russians. He is sought by all the groups and in fact we are fighting the same enemy young Mujahideen from different parties are fighting in different parts of the country and all the Muslims are with us nobody's waiting for the other ones to be the first to fight all the Muslims everywhere are fighting against their enemy and their enemy is one and that will be a mistake to say one is fighting and the other is not. To most Afghans to be a communist is to be against Islam. Soviet aggression in Afghanistan is viewed as a communist effort to eliminate those who are believers. What is obvious to any observer is that an Afghan's faith is intricately bound up in his identity. Independent filmmaker Christian de Panfili was impressed by the role of Islam in the Afghan struggle for freedom. We have often heard about their religious fanaticism in fact their faith is necessary I believe it is an indispensable drive to the resistance but there isn't just this fuel for their resistance they are also fighting for the respect of their particular lifestyle so the struggle for their religion is also a nationalist struggle. For a long time we did not understand that the Russians had invaded our country they wanted to make us communists thank God we are Muslims we are following God's path we do not want communism in Afghanistan we want a true Islamic republic in Afghanistan. Well the role of Islam first of all is identity you are a Muslim just like you are in Afghan I would make a parallel easy to understand for westerners it's a bit like the role of the Catholic Church in Poland you are a Polish you're a Paul and you're a Catholic being a Catholic and a Paul means that you're not Russian and Orthodox or you're not a Protestant and German it's the same thing with the Afghans I mean the religion is part of their own identity it's part of their way of living it's part of themselves. When we ask Commander Massoud the man in charge of the military in the puncture valley how by what miracle his 5000 men with only 500 weapons could manage to hole in check the army which is supposed to be the most powerful in the world the Red Army the first answer he gave us was the Mujahideen were believers that the fight a holy war and that if they die they inherit the garden of God and immediately Islamic answer one must remember but the second part of his answer was the nature of the countryside was responsible it is a fact that a large part of Afghanistan consists of mountains and that by definition these mountains are very difficult to occupy. Since the Soviet invasion many of Europe's leading television correspondents have made several trips to Afghanistan to document the struggle for freedom. Minodomato of Italian television and what struck me very much during my first trip was above all the extreme poverty of means on one hand there had great determination and on the other hand their extreme poverty of means they were all equipped with all infill guns of the 19th century and there were really very few Kalashnikov machine guns maybe one gun for every 50 guerrillas. Two years later and after six trips I found in the Afghans the same determination that I had found during my first encounter but there was also a greater sense of responsibility a greater sense of political responsibility. Of course the situation has been improving during the last two years the freedom fighters are very equipped but the fight is still uneven and one of their major difficulties is indeed to be able to defend themselves against the attack of these gunships the Russian attack helicopters which are armored equipped with very sophisticated equipment and electronic devices to locate men as well as bombing and laser guided weapons. The hind helicopter attack gunship provides the Soviets with an awesome weapon against the Mujahideen sweeping across the countryside at speeds of up to 300 kilometers an hour its armaments 128 57 millimeter rockets and 12.7 millimeter machine guns rain death and destruction from the skies another television correspondent who has filmed several military operations in this war is French televisions Jean Bertolino. The weapons used by the Afghans do not come from the states nor from China for the most part most of the weapons held by the Mujahideen that is to say the Afghan freedom fighters are weapons which were garnered in the course of operations first of all there are an incredible number of desertions in the Afghan army don't forget that since the Soviet invasion a great many Afghan army units along with the weapons and equipment have defected to join the resistance so it is mostly these weapons which the Afghans are using but there are a lot of Afghan deserters this comes by the fact that this is not a popular war at all most people in the Afghan army have families who are against the regime there is no motivation to fight the Mujahideen are all over the country they are numerous they have the backing of the population and it's not really motivating for an army to be fighting against its own people I think that's the main reason of those desertions. Mujahideen tactics have improved to the point where even the cities are no longer totally secure for Soviet troops Kandahar a major Afghan city has changed hands several times the Afghan guerrillas are now able to infiltrate the Soviet camps in the city they are capable of launching attacks on the Soviets and then fleeing the technique of hit-and-run however attacking the Soviet camps is somewhat like stabbing a dragon's tail a deluge of metal and fire bursts up around you now you find small well armed commando units which have gotten used to Soviet methods of warfare and know how to counter them. Let me give you an example last year when helicopters were flying overhead the Afghans were paralyzed with fear they were afraid of these helicopters against which they were unequipped to fight today they know exactly how to gauge a threat of a helicopter they know how to evaluate its potential danger according to its distance and altitude they know that at a certain altitude it's not dangerous but that at a lower altitude it becomes dangerous therefore they know exactly how to position themselves. One of the young Mujahideen who has experienced urban guerrilla warfare first-hand is codenamed Suleiman. All the organizations which are fighting for the freedom of Afghanistan have well organized resistance activities within Kabul the objective of all these activities is to assassinate the Russian officers and members of the Communist Party of Afghanistan that is to say members of the Khalkhan Parcham factions and to eliminate all those who work against the people of Afghanistan. A number of people who work for the government to earn a living for themselves and for their families they also help the Mujahideen during the daytime. At night most of these same people organize guerrilla activities. Their activities are well organized. Within the military units most officers and servicemen are faithful to their country and their people. They help the Mujahideen by sending them secret information. For example when the government deploys a unit somewhere the officers who are loyal to the Mujahideen pass over whatever information they can such as the number of persons in the unit the course and place of deployment. Thus the Mujahideen can get an advanced knowledge about what we expect and thereby prepare themselves either to defend or attack accordingly. For the Soviet troops explanations of their mission in Afghanistan are minimal and often confusing to the young recruits. You understand that one of the important points of the Soviet invasion of invasion of Soviet troops anywhere is the lie of propaganda of their propaganda. Right now as we know from the prisoners of war in Afghanistan and from other sources all the soldiers who sent to Afghanistan in fact don't know why they sent over there. Few Soviet soldiers are taken prisoner by the Mujahideen. These two were captured by the Hesbih islami of Gulbadan. Yura Povranitsyn a chemical scout analyst was captured a month after he arrived in Afghanistan. Recently a freelance journalist was able to interview Yura and his countryman Muhammad Kuli a Soviet Turkoman from a collective farm in the village of Bashir. Soviet soldiers think that they are liberating Afghanistan from possible Chinese invaders. We came to Afghanistan the officers told us that we were sent by the Soviet government to Afghanistan to protect it from Chinese and American soldiers. As much as I have been around Afghanistan as long as I have been here I haven't met a single Chinese or American soldier. The main thing is that this war is senseless. They should withdraw the army from Afghanistan. What do Soviet soldiers here in Afghanistan think of this war? Well each thinks differently. One thinks that this is a senseless war another supports it but in reality it is a senseless war. A Russian soldier has become a barbarian here. He becomes more and more brutal.  Yes there was a case when soldiers went into a house, killed the father an old man, killed the old mother and raped a 13 year old girl and then killed her so that she wouldn't tell anyone. You are aware that the government in Kabul is first a puppet and toy of the Soviet Union. Therefore all the actions performed within Kabul or Afghanistan are wholly directed by the KGB but whatever they do such as destroying, burning, killing, looting of the houses and villages in the countryside they put the blame on the Mujahidin. In Kabul the Afghan Secret Service and Security Police usually keep 15 or 20 Afghans and the very severe inhuman conditions in small rooms and they torture them by electric shocks, beatings etc. It is difficult for me to describe all of what they do and it would be hard for others to listen to such acts of savagery. For example I know an Afghan compatriot who worked very hard for freedom of his beloved country. He was caught by the Afghan and Soviet officers and they gave him so many electric shocks that half of his body was paralyzed. Ordinary people are very much strongly opposing to this war, much more than I expected for example. And now I can understand why I can assess why because the majority of people realize there is no whatsoever the national interest in Afghanistan for us. There are no the interests of that type. Moreover the war is total waste. It costs us dearly both in terms of resources and in terms of human lives and there is no sense in this war whatsoever. That's absolutely a general feeling in the country. There are several examples of open political outbursts of feelings in Central Asia and Kazakhstan last year in some other areas against this war. One of the very illustrative examples or indicators of this feeling is that since the last year the Soviets stopped practice of sending the dead bodies in sink coffins back to their homeland because every time such coffin arrived to the native village or town it sparkled up immediately the sort of demonstration of the population against this war and because of that this practice was stopped and the corpses are buried now in Afghanistan. Since the Soviet invasion the few Afghan doctors serving the rural population have fled. Healthcare services for those who have stayed behind is maintained by volunteer medical teams mostly French such as Medecins Sans Frontier and Ed Medecal international. In the two years since these medical teams have been serving in Afghanistan they have observed the evolution of Soviet tactics against the civilian population. Dr Claude Marguerite of Medecins Sans Frontier spoke of what the medical teams have witnessed. And now we are witnessing a third phase in the war crimes and that is the bombing of hospitals. Our hospitals have been purposely destroyed during the last few weeks. Here you can see the hospital of Chowri with its buildings before the Soviet helicopters arrived. The bombings lasted a few minutes and at the end of those few minutes here is what's left of the hospital. This photograph also explains something else. This hospital is located away from the neighboring village and as you can see there are fields and trees around the hospital. The hospital was destroyed on purpose and the trees were not even touched. The helicopters only went after the hospital. The same thing happened in the Panjshir Valley where the international medical aid is working. One of the doctors with international medical aid spoke of her experiences inside Afghanistan.  It happened in the beginning of November. The bombing was specifically aimed at our hospital on the day we had planned to live. We heard the helicopters making a first pass over the hospital and the village. So everybody rushed towards the shelters but we did not have enough time to get there. The helicopters were back over us very quickly. We heard the sound of bombs falling right next to us only a few thousand meters away. At that moment we were really scared. We saw bombs exploding very close by. By the end of the day when everything had calmed down we left our hiding places where we had been for hours. The hospital was completely destroyed, the walls torn down and nothing left inside. So first the bombings. Another thing has been talked about a lot and this is absolutely certain. We have verified it. The anti-personal mines which are dispersed around the country and which are very sophisticated. When they are spread over the fields they are green, they are gray when they are dropped among the rocks and they are difficult to spot. These mines are not meant to kill because in this kind of war a dead person doesn't cost very much. One can leave them.  He has to be taken back. He has to get medical treatment and that's lots more trouble for the residents. And the third kind of wound we have to treat is even worse. When the Soviet launch an attack they leave booby trapped items behind in the villages when they have been. Fountain pen, toys and here it is usually the children who get hurt. The adults have learned to be distrustful now so the victims are children. One incident we saw was particularly monstrous. After the Soviets retreated from Azerbaijan about a year ago they had booby trapped the bodies of dead people left in the field and when their relatives wanted to bury them the bodies exploded. We saw that only once but we did see it. The medical teams endure the same harsh living conditions as the Mujahideen as they climb through steep mountain gorges seated with antipersonnel mines. In such an environment the doctors must respond as best they can to whatever emergency. We had been walking since five o'clock in the morning and were about to stop for a break when suddenly we heard an explosion. We all ran and hid behind the rocks thinking it was a helicopter raid. And then there was just silence. We finally came out from behind the rocks to see what happened. There we saw Mujahideen crawling toward us on all fours. His foot had been blown off. We later learned from the leader of the caravan that the Russians had previously dropped antipersonnel mines by parachute. Well we cut off his foot right there. If we are not amputated, gangrene might have spread and would certainly have meant death for him.  It was certainly very painful for him but he never moaned. It was a very moving experience for all of us. Resistance to the Soviet invasion has marshaled the energies of a whole population. It is this powerful collective will which has galvanized a people into taking on the mighty Soviet army despite terrifying odds. And those who have witnessed this struggle are marked forever by what they have seen. As far as I could ascertain the Afghans are definitely convinced that as long as there is just one Russian invader on the Afghan soil and as long as there is just one free Afghan there will be no peace in Afghanistan. The price we have to pay for the freedom of one's land is to fight and die on the field. It is clear to everybody all over the world that the Afghan people like others love their freedom.  Until now they have preserved the freedom of Afghanistan with the price of their own blood just as their fathers did and their sons will do. And I am sure that the Afghan people will regain their freedom and will be a free nation once again. It is an Afghan tradition to fight against any kind of invaders. Right now they are the Soviets. The reaction against them shows that the Soviets are not bringing them progress. The Soviet argument is we are coming to free these people from feudalism. But what does this mean?  I mean what kind of liberation are the Soviets bringing to Afghanistan? Well, the Russians invade Afghanistan. I believe it affects all of us now and in the future. We cannot close our eyes to a people who are losing their own country. It is so unfair. I feel personally concerned about Afghanistan now that I have lived there and I think that we all share a certain responsibility when we come back from there, particularly since these people count on us enormously and especially because they feel so isolated. I believe we should feel responsible for them. The trauma of this war has left its mark on the children who have suffered most. The drawings of a 13-year-old Afghan refugee reflect her own emotional experiences.


So for the talk, we thought this was a motivation, and I went to a short overview for those who don't know what I'm talking about, and those who don't know what the trend is. Then we talk about how cyber is realized and implemented in the system, and of course, short overview. So let's start with some motivation. So first, when we talk about graphs, the typical example are social networks, and this is also the example that we choose. In that case, it's the social network of walks.  And smart analysts would ask something like, who are the closest enemies of each other? So that's a typical question in this scenario. And if you want to express such a question in the system, you can do it, for example, with Neo4j, Psyfor, and then you have it very like this. So we have a mesh part, there is a walk, which means another walk, and there are one or two of them, so one or two changes. Okay, let's have a look at this, how this would be looking like in big jelly, which is the graph processing framework on top of a bunch of things. So this is the same, I think it's actually nothing, but it's expected to be. So what's happening here? Here we have something like a hate label, like a filter that we had before, and here this is the true means that we get the rates quite. So a lot of quotes actually express the same things that we just expressed with Psyfor. And another problem that we have here is typically these graphs are not homogeneous like this one, so we have different kinds of quotes, different kinds of actions. For example, we have plans, and we have the hobbits, for example, and we have not only the hate relationship, we have the non-leader, the non-leader, and the no-relationship between the hobbits, for example. And now at the end of this, we'll ask something like which two non-leaders hate each other, and one of them knows polo over one to ten hops. So let's also ask you a question, let's look at this, how we would say this in Psyfor. So this would be a very, so we have polo in one to ten hops. So we have some predicates here. Okay, how would you express this on a graph processing framework? You can try it, but no. So it's kind of our motivation, so we want to make graph queries or graph queries, especially, yeah, usable on those kind of frameworks. So this is good as data flow frameworks like Apache link, or for example, Apache Spark. So to be honest, of course, each of those systems has a specific use case or there are strong points. So we have here two dimensions, more complex than this, but for this one, it's enough. So we have the ease of use, which is like things of how easy is it to express the problem in the system, and we have the data volume. So it's about scalability, using more machines to compute. So on the one hand of the spectrum, we have graph database, like for example Neo4j. So you have the declarative languages, easy to express the problem, you have visualization, a lot of tooling, community, and so on. And on the other hand of this spectrum, you have graph processing systems. The well-known one is Apache G-Rubb, which is really dedicated to compute graph algorithm on a distributed cluster, so a shared mapping cluster, but only for this nothing else. Then we have a bit more extraction here. Those are the graph data flow systems. So like for example, it's also a graph processing system, but on top of a data flow system like Apache Spark or Apache Flink, graph X for example on Spark, Jelly on Flink. And now you see there's a free area in the right upper corner, and this is where we position our research project, which is called CRADUP, and where we want to combine the expressiveness of graph databases, not as much as graph databases, but a little bit less, but also the scalability. So that's kind of the goal of the project. And I will give you a short overview about the project before we dive into the Cypher implementation. So we built on the shared nothing cluster like I already said. So we use Hadoop and HDFS. It's our data source, data sync. So that's where we store our graphs. We use Apache Flink as a distributed operator execution layer. So this is where we implement actually our graph operators, and CRADUP itself is just a layer on top of Apache Flink, which uses the batch API of Apache Flink or the stream API. I will talk about this maybe later. And CRADUP what it provides to you is an abstraction of property graphs on top of this data flow system. So this is the data model that we implement. I will talk about this on the next slide. And we provide a set of graph data flow operators. So one of them is, for example, pattern matching, which we will talk about in detail today. But for those who don't know what Flink is, on the website, they quote, it's an open source streaming data flow engine and it provides to you data distribution, communication, and fault tolerance. So all the hard parts of parallel and distributed programming are handled by this system. It does this really nice, especially for the streaming use case. But it also has a batch component, which we are currently building on. So what are the basic abstractions that you have in Apache Flink? So one is a data set. A data set is just a distributed collection of data objects, like pojos, so normal Java objects, or tablets, things like that. And then you have transformations. And transformations are just operations on data sets to produce another data set, like, for example, map or reduce. So for example, we have a data set here. A transformation produces a new data set. And a data flow program is just a composition of those transformations. And this is the way how you program in these kind of systems. So you have to translate your problem into a data flow program using those abstractions that the data flow framework provides to you. So what Flink does for you is the parallelization. So it scales out the computation and the data to multiple machines, computes it, and gives you a result. So what are those abstractions? I guess it's a bit small here. Just categorized in, so this is Flink data set transformations, unary, so which means one data set as input, and binary two data sets. And you have the common suspects, like map and reduce. And these SQL-like things, like filter, group by, blah, blah, blah. And we have the binary stuff, like join, for example, union, co-group. And there are special operators for iterations, so like data iteration or bulk iteration, which allow you to express, yeah, iterative algorithms. And most graph algorithms and machine learning algorithms are iterative to express on this framework. We also use it. So Gradube, on the other hand, like I already said, is an abstraction on top of Apache Flink, which provides you the data set API. You have it underneath, but it provides you already a property graph, abstraction on top of Flink, plus several operators. So the basic data model that we have is a property graph. So we have vertices and directed edges. And we have this concept of so-called logical graphs. So we have not only one graph, but you can have multiple graphs inside your database, which can also overlap. And the concept here is that these graphs are also first-class citizens, like vertices and edges. And they can be input and output of operators, of transformations. So this is why they have also identifiers. So they are uniquely identified in the system. You have type labels. Maybe you can't read it, but it's like, this is an org. This is a clan. This is an area they live in. It's Mordor, so it has attributes. And here we have the hobbits. So we have attributes everywhere and labels. And you can just load this into the system. The abstraction is already there. You don't have to care about how this is mapped to the underlying data set API. So this is what Gradu provides you from the data model point of view. And it's called the extended property graph model because of these logical graphs that you have additionally to the regular property graph model, like in Neo4j, for example. So transformations that we provide are not based on data sets, but on logical graphs as input. So a single graph or a collection of graphs as input. We also have unary and binary operators. So for example, what we have here is pattern matching, which we will focus on today. And other things like grouping. It's an OLAP, graph OLAP operator, subgraph, for example. Binary operations, for example, to combine two graphs to a new graph or to compute the overlap between two graphs or the exclusion. Also, graph collection operators, they are kind of relational. So you have a large collection of graphs and you want to, for example, filter them so by predicate, like selection in relational algebra or also pattern matching on each of these graphs. And there are also these theoretical operators like union of collections or intersection difference and so on. So I want to give you just two examples how these graph data flows look like using the subgraph operator. So the input here is a logical graph. We have different kinds of labels. So the colors are the labels on these vertices and edges. And what you do as a programmer, you just say, OK, I have my logical graph. I load it from HDFS. It's just a method here, but there's a bit more happening. And you say something, OK, mygraph.subgraph. And then you give two predicates. So it's two lambdas, which are just filtering functions for vertices and edges. So what we say here is a vertex is in the output graph. It has a green label and an edge is in the output graph if it has an orange label. And of course, both source and target vertex of the edge have to fulfill this vertex predicate. So in this example, the result would look like this. We have only those vertices that fulfill the predicates and the edges between them that fulfill the predicates. So in the output is, again, a logical graph, which again can be input for another operator. So this is the data flow on the graph level. That's what Gradut gives you. And what it also gives you is pattern matching. So we have, again, a logical graph as input. Then you define a pattern. So for example, we are looking for subgraphs that start from a green vertex with an orange edge to an orange vertex. And then you have just the graph here. You say match. You define a cypher pattern. It's just green, orange, orange. And then the result is a graph collection in that case, which contains all the subgraphs that match this pattern. And the subgraphs are, of course, subgraphs of this input graph. So this is from a high-level point of view how Gradut works. And now we will focus on really pattern matching. So how we do this. Because it's just an example operator. We have multiple operators, but this is a very interesting one. So I will give you an overview. And then Max will give you more details about the implementation. So the steps are really similar to every query processing system. So you have the queries. This is the query from the beginning. We pass the query at first. So we've written our own Antler grammar. We could switch to OpenCypher. The problem here is that OpenCypher doesn't support the extended property graph model, but it's just an implementation detail. So then we translate this into object representation of this query. We translate the predicates to a conjunctive normal form because it's easier to evaluate them in that case. Then we use statistics about, for example, how many red labels are in the search graph, how many blue edges are in the search graph. There are more statistics. And then we use this. We build a cost-based greedy optimizer that takes the query, this representation, the statistics and produces a query plan. And then using this query plan, every node represents a physical operator which maps again to flink transformations. And the output, if you execute this, is then the collection of found patterns in the graph. And now Max will tell you a bit more about what's happening after this part. So we now have generated this plan, and then we execute this. OK. Yes. So as Martin said, after we have parsed and planned the query, we end up with something like this. This is the query plan for this particular query. And just to give you a short overview of what this actually means. So this is actually a tree. Maybe it doesn't look like this in this kind of visualization. But to execute it, we basically start with the leave node. So for example, we want to find all relationships that match this sub-pattern. So we want to find all relationships that have the type hate. And so what we basically do is we filter and project the collection of all relationships we have in our graph. And after we've done this for all atomic patterns, we start kind of building up larger patterns and we do this by joining. So for example, to get this sub-pattern, we join all nodes with the label, with label org, together with all relationships with type hates. And so we continuously build up larger patterns by joining together smaller patterns. In the end, this is, for example, this is the last operator in this plan. This is the first step where we filter out all non-valid results according to a given predicate, which is in this case making sure that org1 and org2 aren't the same and clan1 and clan2 aren't the same. So we throw away all embeddings that are all results that don't hold for this pattern. A slightly special operator is the expanded embedding operator. This is a traversal operator. You don't only expand one hop, but you can expand multiple hops using one operator. This is the star thing you see or might not see over here. So in this case, we specify you want to step at least or do at least one hop, but at most 10. Yes. And just to walk you through some, how this works internally and how this maps to blink. So every of these operators produces results, intermediate results or the end result, of course. And so what we did is we implemented two main, we have two main data structures. For once, this is the embedding. The embedding stores one particular intermediate result or the end result. So it has two types of, three types of entries. One is the list of ID entries. This stores the mapping of actual nodes or vertices in our graph. Two nodes or edges in the query graph. Then we have a list of properties. So every node, as you know, in the extended property graph model, every node and edge and even graphs, but that's not relevant here, have properties like names or like Frodo has a name or every Hobbit has a name. And we store this in a separate list and then we have paths. This is just an implementation detail to make sure that if we do this variable length expand, that we always end up with embeddings of the same size or with the same amount of entries. But it's not too important for now. To say these embeddings, they are kind of dumb. They only store things, but they don't know what they actually store. And to make sure we have a mapping, we actually store this knowledge as well. We have also embedding metadata. The reason we split these things is that since we are in a distributed environment, we eventually have to send data over the network. This happens usually when we do a join. And that's quite expensive compared to just accessing RAM or something like this. And so we have to make sure that our data structures and the send of network are as small as possible. And since these metadata information is the same for every intermediate result for every step, we can just have one metadata object for every note in the query plan. And this basically stores the mapping of which were available in our query graph, maps to which entry in the embedding. And the same goes for properties. So to have some examples, how this actually works under the hood. So we have three layers here. This is like our example layer. This is the actually data we have, our orgs. Then we have a more or less relational view. So kind of what we do internally is we map things to relations. And then you have the same thing as the Flink view of how our physical operators in the end map to Flink operators. So this is an example for a leave note. So we want to find all notes that are a hobbit and have the name for the baggins. So we scan through all our notes in the graph, filter out these notes which have the according label and the according name. And what we end up is with a couple of or maybe just one note and all its properties. And this can in a relational view, this would be a table with the ID and the properties of every hobbit named for the baggins. And as a follow-up step, we do a project step because we want to again save some data size. We throw away all properties we don't need anymore because why would we carry them if we never access them again? In this case, we are not really interested in any property of photos or we forward everything. In Flink, this maps to a flat map function. Flat map allows us to combine these two steps into one. This is some internal thing of Flink why that's better instead. We could also do a map or a filter and a follow-up map step but this would cost us more it would need more time. So, flat map is basically you have input, you have as input you have one vertex or in this case a vertex and you can output one or zero or even more but that's not the case for us. You can output a reliable amount of results basically. So, this is a leaf node operator that projects and filter embeddings over indices. This is always a start operator in a query plan. Then you have the maybe most important operator is the join. This is to join the sub-patterns to larger patterns. For example, you have this pattern you have the org which is as related to a clan and you have an org which hates another org to join this together to become a larger pattern. In relational view this is the same as for relational databases so you have two tables basically in our case it's two intermediate results and you join them together. We can only just join them because we have some constraints this is due to how graph databases work. You have to basically check that you don't assign the same node or the same relationship to different nodes in your query graph. So, you don't want to be this org and this org to be the same or you don't want this relationship and this relationship in this case they would never be the same but in other cases they could be the same. You don't want to traverse the same relationship twice at least depending on your settings but it's out of scope for this talk maybe. So, we take those two sub-graphs and join them together and get one larger graph. You can see that in the example we don't store this node twice because why would we? It would be a waste of space and again this maps to this time a flat join it's not a flat map because as I just said some intermediate results wouldn't be valid in the assumption of isomorphism or this relationship or node uniqueness. So, maybe the most interesting operator is the reliable length expand. This is basically, in our example this would be we have an org and we want to find Frodo Beggins in one to ten steps and for this what we do is we use a iterative expand. Under the hood this is basically just a iterative join with some, you can do some optimizations which hopefully help you making it faster. So, what we do is we have the left side which is only the org and then we have a set of node relationships and their nodes and then we kind of join them iteratively and yield every possible result of course if it's longer than one hop and shorter than ten hops. So, it's not that we only yield the largest result but we yield all intermediate results as well. This is what Martin mentioned before here we use the bulk iteration this is kind of a cool thing for your streaming processing systems Spark for example hasn't doesn't have a iterative operator Flink does and so we use this iteration operator to iterate over the graph and produce our results and as a last step we do filtering so we had this predicate that org one and org two are not allowed to be the same so obviously we have to filter this result and that's quite straightforward and this maps to the filter operator which is already present in Flink so that's quite straightforward. That's basically the operators we have implemented so far which allow us to run most side factories right now what we don't have at the moment is a return statement this is kind of work in progress but we will eventually have it and there is some caveats on how to map the projected results to a graph again that's why we don't have it right now and what we also don't have is aggregation but you can do aggregation by just adding I mean GraduP itself has operators for aggregation so what you could do is you do the pattern matching without aggregation and do the aggregation as a follow up but most of the rest of the Cypher standard we support right now so now that we have planned our query this is what we end up with for Flink so this is the visualization of what Flink generates so we have our query plan and then we translate it to a Flink query plan and this is for this particular query this would be the Flink query plan you don't see much here that's completely okay we just wanted to show you that it's quite a lot of steps you have to take in order to produce the result and this is just a more detailed view so you have basically your data source then you do a set of filter and project so you get all the vertices and edges you want to work with and then you join them over and over and in the end you end up with one data set which contains your results and then you can for example write them into HDFS or wherever you want to store them so what we want to do what we would like to do is that we want to integrate the Cypher Cypher Technology Compatibility Toolkit this is a set of cucumber tests which allow you if you implement them they tell you if you have implemented OpenCypher correctly hopefully we haven't really done any broader checks now if what we produce is correct so this would be perfect we want to do benchmarking we have some preliminary evaluations but we should go into more detail for this and for this we want to use the LDBC social network benchmark this is a benchmark specifically designed for graph databases or graph systems and we can do a couple of optimizations so right now we use a greedy planner we could use a dynamic programming planner hopefully yielding better travel plans and faster execution times we want to improve our cost model so in order to be able to produce a plan you have to estimate how costly each step in the plan would be right now we have a very basic, very simple model based on probabilities but this doesn't scale not really if you have this amount of joints and you can do reuse of intermediate steps so as you see for every org we have two orgs in our pattern now for every org we would filter the list of all nodes in our graph but actually that's the same since we only filter for the label org we yield the same result on both sides so we could reuse it basically which we don't do yet and another problem in the distributed environment is partitioning so if you have vertices which are with a high out-degree or in-degree so in a social network for example they increase the computing time on the particular node which is in charge for handling this node they increase the computing time unevenly to every other node in the cluster for example and so we have data skew which means that some workers take way more time to produce a result than other workers and it's a hard thing to partition the nodes over the cluster evenly so that you end up with an even computing time and yeah of course we want to support the rest of the Cypher features and maybe even introduce more Cypher features like regular path queries or support for this extended property graph model and here's where you can come into the big picture because we'd like to if you're interested in this and if you think that's cool and it's open source so you can work on this with us together and yeah just contribute if you like to and if you think that's a cool thing yes thank you


Everybody forced here ripping 2022 impeccable football hobby three box full case number 73 picker team style Alexander P bears Andy K. Patriots Anthony C. Browns Blake S. Vikings Carlos F. Broncos Kerry M. Chiefs David S. Texans Edward P. Cowboys Packers Dolphins Saints Ravens Panthers Chargers and Eagles. Good luck Edwards. A lot of teams man. Eric P. Giants Greg L. Steelers Jonathan L. Jets Kenzie Titans Martin G. Lyons Matt L. Colts Matthew C. Seahawks and Bucks Michelle K. 49ers Ronald I. Falcons Scott H. Has the bills Scott C. Jaguars Sean P. Cardinals Simon L. Washington Steve L. Rams Todd C. Bengels and Valerie with the Raiders. Good luck everybody. Here we go. Was it Ramos? Is that the Dodgers prospect? Did any Pimped it. Pimped it. Big time too. Good God. I don't know the bar card at the end. Here we go Travis Kelsey 13 of 75 Chiefs Derek Henry to 50 for the Titans Cowboys first auto rookie auto Jake Ferguson in the 99 Giants rookie auto K. Von Tipidow 13 of 75 Commander's rookie landscape auto Sam Howell 74 of 99 Nice hit there for the commanders Eagles are the nice one here Masterstrokes Brian Dawkins to 25 With the inscription as well and the smiley face in the inscription Brian Dawkins Eagles auto very bright card very clean looking card too and Raiders of the elegance Whoa ball and helmet rookie auto to fives a mere white black parallel to is a color match Good stuff Raiders got the logo as well Ball and logo auto nice is a mere white illegal. Who's pitching right now? Damn illegal, you know so much about this Nick Chubb 15 is 75 Browns Jared golf 14 of 50 Lions and Jamar Chase 51 of 75 Bengals Browns Kareem Hunt's canvas creations auto 18 at the 75 Baselotti Michele Michele Rebel Garcia. I know him Nikki Lopez Yeah, Freilich Fletcher both Fletchers Vinny Pasquantino Bretzel. Okay.  Oh Man, yeah, Mario, I think it's Waluigi actually it might be Waluigi Nobody likes him nice Jamo Steelers elegance patch auto TJ Watts at 35 Yeah, Wario's DH though for obvious reasons got a lot of power 2021 elegance patch auto and Commanders elegance patch and helmet auto to 20 Johan Dotson now It's nice elegance is so far. We're gonna get that one back for the commanders John Dotson a 20 last box Hello again to me I thought Wario's DH Waluigi double-playball Pasquantino Vassal Vassalotti Parmesan I Know all the Italian players Russell Wilson 19 and 25 Broncos. We're being so like So incentive towards Italian culture right now Got a Daniel Jones of 75 Giants. Oh once they show his name on TV all of a sudden everybody knows who's pitching Hey, yeah, that throws like a bomb instead of a baseball Impactable stars auto Cowboys Dalton Schultz to 75. I had Jersey number Dotson the number one They're 40,000 to one to win. Yeah, I'm not surprised They've let you go player though Pasquantino really good young player the Vonte Wyatt rookie auto Packers to 75 Tony Bacelli, is he playing for them 20 20 Bacelli to 99 on the Jaguars auto Tony Bacelli Antonio Bacelli I don't look hard Can you see if this will come up with a microfiber on the you? I didn't notice it's so shiny. It's hard to start It's hard for me to see unless I look at it Trail on Birks fire starter rookie audits of 50 for the Titans nice Birks Really? That's so weird. It's your throwing meatballs I mean that the home run was for sure for sure one. This is nice Aaron Rogers on card 10 of 10 impressions, Inc Packers with a big cards on card Rogers Edward P There we go big-time Rogers and redemption Patriots and elegance Ricky helmet and cleat auto Pierre Strong, Jr. Patriots, let me get a box now for the Jaguar spot There was something that it was part of the letter on that Bacelli I thought it was just a loose piece of just whatever Actually, I don't think it is it's just like a stuck piece Because everything else looks completely fine on the card. It's like stuck on there We it might come off a little more force We're not gonna use a little more force in case it does damage and we're gonna send a box and wrapper With that one for you Jaguars. We'll show you to get in the recap here in a second. Here's our bar card The piece is gonna be out on this one guys the pieces out on this one Terry Brad. Oh, you know, it's Terry Bradshaw. I can't see his face Yeah, I forget a box wrap out to this one as well It just got glued in the wrong place somehow 18 of 20 Steelers tryouts of fine silver Steelers box wrap are coming your way Unfortunately, that's happened more often this year than it had in the past and the past is here in there But there are a few cases now a bar with legs. Yeah, I think it is What have they done to Terry? Not sure ducky in the past you would see it very rarely But you would see it and it's just like glued in the wrong place or it comes out Sometimes I've seen it where it's loose like they didn't use enough glue or something like that But it's it's it's quite often this year. They must have changed the way they manufactured them All right, here we go redemption Patriots pierce strong junior elegance rookie helmet and cleat auto. That'll be a nice one Jags Baceli, this is like stuck on the card. I'm afraid that if you peel it off too hard I might leave a mark so we're gonna send a box wrapper to the Jagspot as well fire starter trail on perks Devonte Wyatt Schultz elegance patch auto TJ Watts James and Williams Jake Ferguson Cave on tip it oh Sam Howell Cream hunts and Brian Dawkins patching helmet rookie auto one of 20 Jersey number Johan Dotson. Oh, yeah Nice one there commanders one of five ball and helmet rookie auto is a mere white raiders black color match, too Impression Zeke Aaron Rodgers Packers on card to 10 10 of 10 and Printing plate auto on plate there is George Kittle one of one Nice stuff good case overall for sure. Thanks again everybody on to 74 now


There was a drone attack on the Russian city of Voronezh at night on January 16th. This was reported by Russian Telegram channels. According to information, the target of Ukrainian drones was Baltimore Airfield. The 47th Guards Bomber Aviation Regiment, Su-34 aircraft, of the 6th Air Force of the Western Military District and the 105th Mixed Aviation Division of the Air Defense Army are deployed at the airfield. This airfield is used to launch strikes against Ukraine. According to other information, the target was Shilov-O airfield. According to the Russian side, the attack was carried out in two waves and the drones were shot down by the air defense system. It is said that six drones were shot down in the first attack, and two drones were shot down in the second attack. The remains of the drones fell into the residential building. As a result, a fire broke out in an apartment, and the windows of several houses were broken. It is said that there are no casualties.


You too team keep it clean. What's going on? It's engraving here with another video and in this video Y'all already know what's going down, man. Y'all already know what time it is y'all already already know what the situation at hand is We're here. We're here. We are here. Um, shout out to shout out to Ricky B. Anthony And Ravens fan 20 that were here a little bit before the stream started. I appreciate y'all We doing it a little different right now So i'm not sure if youtube even sent it out or I know it with y'all being here I'm sure they they sent a little something but Oh, it's let me just let me just tweet the stream out, man one second I'm sorry. I hate I hate having to interrupt and do stuff like this Uh, but whenever I do it from the computer, it just makes things a little bit different Oh, but yeah, this is gonna be a crazy game, man. This is going to be a wild game This should be a really really really really really good one. Um And again, like I've been saying all week. I still expect the the ravens to win by at least 10 Um, this should be a fight, man This should be a fight. Uh, they are going to have to earn every single bit of everything Um, haven't I was just telling my wife, uh, because we had went to the grocery store around like half time yeah at halftime of the uh the titans and redskins game and I was telling her I'm like, man, I'm like, oh my stomach I said my stomach is bothering me. She was like, why? What did you eat?  I said, no, I said, it's this game. It's this game. Um, and She was asking me a little bit later on. She was like, oh, um, so if they uh, if they lose are they out of it? And I was like, well not necessarily but more than likely. Yeah Um, so they have to win and then she was like, she said, man She said, why did they do this every single year? She said, why did they do this every single year?  She knows how the ravens have been and she knows they put us through this all the time and We obviously didn't get help uh from the game earlier with the titans and the uh, uh and the redskins But that's fine. That's fine Ravens put themselves in this situation You go back to the bingles game, um Flacco was making some really bad throws in that game. Uh, and We kind of threw ourselves out of it. The defense had that they had a little collapse in the beginning of the game too When cj mosey went out, but then they adjusted and everything was fine after that Then you go back to the browns game The offense just was dead. Michael crab tree dropped everything in sight. Uh, both him and john brown drop touchdowns In that game crab tree dropped the winning touchdown and he dropped like 80 other passes john brown dropped the touchdown earlier Flacco made a really bad decision on in the red zone throwing that interception a denzel ward Or was it jabriel peppers? I forgot either way. I think it's denzel ward though. Um Then we go to the uh, the saints game Saints game we had a 10 point lead, I think and then that disappeared Um, so the offense stopped scoring and the defense stopped stopping Um, and then of course the justin took a miss uh at the end Um, and then we go to the game right after that where their their souls were just their souls had were just Ripped out of their chest in that saints game. So then they still had that same mentality in the panthers game And they just didn't show up. They just didn't didn't show up. They just did not show up. Um, so after that, uh They took care of business against what the titans um The chief's game another one the 30 19 giving up a 30 19 not just wrapping up going for the big hits um and then giving up the fourth and nine just Terrible then giving up a fourth and three and the chiefs all game long They they were getting the same play over and over again a little screens a little uh A little dump off to the running back. They were getting those all game long and we just were not stopping it for nothing We weren't stopping it for nothing. Um, so that was just It's it's been it's been a frustrating season because in the games besides the panthers games We've been oh then the stealers game the stealers game uh flacco just missing open guys Missing touch easy touchdowns. He missed like three touchdowns that game Um, and then the defense just that one was on uh wink because it ain't like we were missing players We had jimmy smith back. Uh, so we matched up well with their offense, but just getting out coached Uh defensive wise uh on in that game. It was just bad It was just bad. So there's been a lot of different games. Um this season that uh have obviously come back to hurt us Because look where we at right now. We we have to win. We ain't got no wiggle room. We ain't got none of that stuff We have to win and I know they think I know that they will beat the charges But still I wish the situation was a little less stressful. But hey, that'll make the win that much more enjoyable Um, sure this game is going to be taking us all for just a ride. Yeah, I think pitts gonna lose in New Orleans. What's up, ak? um This game is going to take us for a ride as ravens games usually always do anyway That's just the way that the ravens are. Um, they don't make anything easy. They don't make anything Um, they got to keep it stressful every season. Uh, that never fails. Um, but just let's just hope they don't fail this season because Past two seasons same situation Got to win out got to make some stuff happen And they they they got to the very end, but then uh end up just Not sealing the deal. So let's go ahead and uh, they need to make this season different They got to make this season different. Oh, alexander from brazil portuguese Shout out to you man. Thank you for coming through I think we'll win like I said, I think ravens ravens winning by 10 man. They winning by at least 10 at least 10 um I can't even anybody who's thinking the ravens are going to lose even if they ravens fans I don't hold it against him anything like that. I I wouldn't be mad at them I Everybody is is entitled to feel how they how they want to feel It's fine. I don't even think it's a it's a lack of confidence. Um, I think he just It could be he looked at the uh been looking at the tv all week and just hearing all them analysts pick the Charger charger charger charger charger charger got a good offense. They got a good defense Which they do they got both of those things um So, I mean it's it's it can be understandable. Why but um No, man. I just I don't I don't see uh I don't see us losing this game. Like I said ravens winning by at least 10 Uh, so this should be a go and appreciate that all day grind. Thank you man Marley Humphrey on keenan allen tonight. Oh, I didn't even check their uh I didn't even check their uh That active just to verify that keenan allen is playing. I mean, I'm pretty sure he is but I didn't uh, I didn't check it for sure So, let me take a look and see Do they do it like the the ravens do? Let me see Melvin go to making his return Okay Oh, he looked like he a rapper. Um Oh, that's keenan allen in the jacket. That's not him in the uniform, but I'm sure okay. Here we go in actives Keenan allen is active for sure. There you go.  I just don't know who they are, but he is playing for sure. Okay, cool Still no help from the reskins. Yeah, I mean, it's fine too. It's fine ravens fans. We can't be mad at the reskins. Um, because Ravens just simply didn't take care of their own business. That's all ravens fault That's strictly ravens fault. Reskins ain't got nothing nothing to do with that. Um, it's all on ravens now so we have to root for the Texans to win because if Texans lose out If Texans lose out and the Colts won out And we won out Then the Colts were getting and the Texans would drop to the the sixth seed So we need the Texans to win tomorrow. Um, let me see who the Texans are playing. I don't even know who they playing Let me check or if if one of y'all know real quick, uh before I pull up the schedule. Oh, never mind. I got it already And the Texans play Oh the Eagles so Eagles are fighting for something too. Oh That is a game right there. Yikes Um, did I see tucker kicking the 65 pregame? No, I didn't see it. I didn't see it Um, I've been running all over the house trying to get some different stuff done. I ain't talking to you Siri um So yeah, man the mark got this i'm getting more confident things in here. Hey, no no problem alex No problem alex This should be fine though, man Go birds tonight, but tomorrow it ain't go birds. We need them those bulls those Texans to handle their business um So the saints and these saints to handle their business Texans to handle their business um Who else Wouldn't hurt if the bingles handed their business to uh, oh and the giants without Odell Beckham jr That's fun. My Broncos are eliminated and the Texans are going to win I hope the Texans do do take care of business man. Yeah, we ready man. We are uh 27 minutes away 27 minutes away. Josh said he got a bad feeling about this game Oh mirror said i'm scared and Ivan said i'm hyped two completely different feelings right there. Um, i'm actually i'm a little bit of both It's weird because like I said, I I just I know they're gonna win by at least 10 But it's still a game where a lot of nerves have just been going crazy, man They've been going crazy like the closer and closer and closer we get to the game um It's it's crazy man Hunter Henry what? Hunter Henry ain't active is he? He said Hunter Henry's gonna smoke us Hunter Henry ain't even playing right? He just got he just got back on the uh, the eligible to practice lists Hold up. Let me let me find out. We got Steven a smith in here. Let me just double check Let me double check on hunter Henry god. No, he just started practicing man.  Hey, do your thing man. Do your thing So let me see Man that dude ain't that dude ain't playing the night man He's wild man Hunter Henry ain't playing the night um so yeah, he uh He he would be eligible to if they move them to the active roster, but they haven't done that yet Um Yeah, yeah. Yes. He he said Steven a smith burner account. Yeah, man Man our last three seasons. It's always been the same thing start well tough losses before the buy gets better after buy Go seven and five lose to a good tingle seven six tingle eight and six miss playoffs leader They got to change that man. They got to change that they got to change that. Why josh normally always fighting somebody, man tough loss, man Um, he's not on the inactive list. No, he's not on the inactive list, but he's not on the active roster yet He's on when you put somebody on injured reserve Um, and they are eligible to return When you designate them as the player one of the two players that you can do it for every year Once once you designate them as the player that can return from injured reserve Then they have three weeks to practice Before you have to move either move them to the active roster or put them back on i r So they have three weeks Three weeks. They just designated him to return Uh, I think this week. So we have this week of practice. He has next week and then he has another week So Within those three weeks, they have to put him back on the active roster and then somebody they're gonna have to cut somebody Or put somebody else on i r. So yeah So yeah, he's he's not on the inactive list, but he's not on the active roster so He got some time appreciate everybody up in here right now, man Oh, yeah, delta delta. We got i'm telling but at least by 10, man Ravens are gonna come out this thing ready, man. They're gonna come out of this thing hot I already know man. They're gonna come out hot. They're gonna come out hot Uh chiefs fan here We're having a watch party over my family member house because we ruined for the rate. Hey emotional waves appreciate you and um We hope we could just Well, that'd be nice if our offense could look like you guys offense tonight That would be oh, that would be a beautiful thing. Then our defense looked like our defense. Um He said go browns. What's up, car? Steelers are gonna win out. So it won't matter It actually it actually would matter for us to win If stillers went out and we went out, um, and as long as the Texans lose one, uh, then we'd be fine so Steelers could win out and We wouldn't have the division but we would be in the playoffs. So that would be fine, too Um, I just want I want my boys to get it. I obviously want them to get that home playoff game That would be better. Um, but it's all good. The only other scenario Um, the only away game that I was hoping for At the beginning of the season since we only played Miami in the preseason and since I'm down here in Miami I'm like, man, uh, okay, so we had went to that game and it was a lot of fun It was a preseason game But I was hoping like man I was I was kind of rooting for the the dolphins to make it to the playoffs and to get a home playoff game And if the ravens didn't get a home playoff game, then they would get an away game And it would be in Miami because I was like, oh, yeah, okay. I get to go to that one But it's all good, man It's all good. Um, well, Eric, we'll have a big game tonight. I see I don't know, man What I do not want him to do What I'm a little worried about him.  They did you dirty fans called them all type of names or talking to them all sorts of ways and whatnot But I just do not want Eric Wettel to be pressing to just try to uh to try to force making a play Just just let it happen, man. Just let it happen. It'll happen. You just got to let it happen Got to be patient and it'll come It'll come to him. So Hopefully he just don't hopefully he doesn't uh Hopefully he just he doesn't press and hopefully he does make some plays. What's that humble? What's going on, man? Oh, that's my boy Marcel. What's going on, man? Um, so yeah, we just don't need him to be pressing to try to make something happen because he can make something happen We know he can but he hasn't obviously this season, but yeah, he got to make some he got to he got to just Just play your game Don't press don't be afraid to make a big play now, but just do your thing, man If Lamar struggles flakos coming in As much as I don't like that, I don't think they should do that But right now it's crunch time. It's playoff time. It's hard ball. Oh, I don't know about that. You know, I don't know about that I don't know about that Because that will make things real tricky with hard ball since he's going to be our coach next year since Ravens announced it last night Um, yeah, I just hope he's not complacent, man. I just hope he's not complacent I just hope he's not complacent. I hope they come out in this game and and be like, hey This is why we want this dude to be our coach going forward. Um, we need Um Eat up on rivers. Hey, uh, they need to man Okay, so in order for us to win our defense needs to force to turn over Lamar needs to beat them with his own Yeah, man. He um, he got to show more. He got to show more Um, I don't they don't need to get away from the running game But they're gonna have to open it up. This team is gonna make them open it up So it's gonna be a good one, man. It's gonna be a real good one. Um, hard job is safe now He might put Joe in for a few series. Hey, that's As funny as that is. So it's not even really funny. Um I don't know, man I don't know. See like if Lamar were to struggle Then with the Ravens announcing it like that Ravens don't usually announce stuff and then go back on their word Especially when they announce something like that.   Um I'm gonna go with uh With Gus Brown and I mean not Gus Brown. Gus. That was a Michael Crabtree um Crabtree he And of course Sneeby doing this thing too. Sneed is just oh look Lamar's gonna be looking Snee's way a lot. Um Oh, it's gonna be good, man. Oh, we said, oh cj mosey. Okay. I see y'all Cj mosey what channels the game on I think cbs the NFL network. I don't know. I don't know what channel it's on um, that's a good question Lamar's gonna mess up a little but this will be his best game. I think so too. I think so too Um, because he you gotta show the world see and the thing what I be saying about Lamar Jackson is so weird It's so weird um, the fact that Lamar Jackson He looks more nervous This guy looks more nervous at home games then away games What kind of sense does that make This dude looks more nervous at home games than away games He looks more nervous in Baltimore. Maybe he maybe it's because he knows all these people are fighting over him In flacco, they've been fighting they fight each other tan each other heads apart making all these personal comments to each other And stuff they can't give their opinions Respectfully to one another maybe because he knows all that's going on with actual ravens fans He knows this whole QB controversy that it's it just stirred so much stuff up But he it's almost like he gets more love outside of Baltimore than in Baltimore It's crazy, man But it's it's it's wild man, but he every time he always seems a lot more comfortable At away games than home games so either way, man They ain't a corner in the lead that can guard Kenan Allen. They need to put Humphrey on him there Humphrey Jimmy Smith Definitely Humphrey, man. I got all the confidence in the world at Humphrey Jimmy Smith, too. I think Jimmy Smith is definitely gonna have a uh, I think Jimmy Smith gonna get an interception this game I think he's gonna have a really good game today Um, these are usually the games with Jimmy Smith. Um Where he sort of steps up Especially after he had like a sort of letdown game a game where he definitely didn't play his best last week Mike Evans 64 yards. He like Evans on that play. He just ran right past Eric Wetter He said oh 32 this dude is a non factor Ran right past him and then Jimmy Smith was like, oh Eric Wetter I thought you had him and they they having this whole conversation in the middle of the play Jimmy Smith like a Eric Wetter. I thought you had him and Eric Wetter like no, Jimmy You know, I can't keep up with no Mike Evans. I can't even keep up with y'all half the time So then Jimmy was like, come on now.  Ain't you supposed to be behind me as the last line of defense, especially on a super long third down like this And Eric Wetter was like, oh, uh, well, I would think that but and then boom That's what Mike Evans caught it. That's what Mike Evans caught it right there So 64 yards. Thank goodness the defense ended up holding.  We've had quite some games Well, we've had we've had some really good tests And the Ravens for the most part have passed them like the first game was against, uh, the Steelers I'm like, man, we only got Marlon Humphrey Brandon Carr Was Tavon Young heard in that game? I don't remember if he was or not But either way, I'm like, oh, yeah. No, he wasn't heard. He was he played. Um, I'm like, man We got only outside corners of Marlon Humphrey and Brandon Carr. We got to go against Antonio Brown Juju Smith Schuster Excuse me James Washington um Who else uh, swissor I ought to do who used to play for the cowboys. I believe Um, of course, they're tight ends jesse james and um, oh vance mcdonald um Did they have james connor back then? Yeah, james connor was in the game too So i'm like, man, we got to go against all these guys all these guys can catch passes from big ben All these guys can make plays so I was worried man. I was worried about our secondary in that game and they held it down They held it down. Um, also um In the falcons game too Yeah, we had jimmy smith back. So that obviously helped a lot, but we didn't have tony jefferson But we didn't have tony jefferson But we had and we had to go against julio jump calvin really mohammese and newt man austin hoop man And matt ryan we like we that's a tough challenge, man That was a tough challenge so The defense has shown me that it's like They they can make some stuff happen, man. They can make some stuff happen Uh, allen said lamar was shine today. I bet he'll have a brilliant game. Am I gonna be live streaming? Or am I gonna live stream the game? No This game is it's it's I can't see myself live streaming during the ravens game. It's just too emotional man It's it's too much It's too much. I would never be able to look at the chat because my tv. I got playstation view um, and even when I use my uh, my boy's uh sunday ticket the direct tv sunday ticket even when I use that Um, it's about a play and I have two plays behind So y'all will have seen something that's why I can't be on twitter during the ravens games Because y'all be talking too much man. Y'all be talking too much and I look at the phone and it gets ruined for me It gets ruined for me because my my tv's like two plays back So i'm like, hey appreciate that kevin But it's like, hey, man. No purple rain out. No, i'm straight. I'm straight straight off of that Although you must be talking to somebody else and say they can't watch the game. Um, oh tana You already know man. Have time in post game.  Shout out to anthony, man I saw somebody else on twitter. They said yahoo too. They said it's completely free. You download the yahoo app And you can watch it on there. Um, I don't know if you need to sign up for anything I don't know what you need to do. So I don't know the rules and regulations for all that but um yahoo is another option So yahoo. Oh reddit. Oh, I got you jeff. It's reddit.com reddit.com Slash r as in reddit slash nfl streams So that's what it is, man. Yeah, just search reddit nfl streams. That'll make it 20 000 times easier. Appreciate that chris. Thank you Um, oh more to say vip box. I see quite a few people put that vip box tv I never use it before so if they putting it in the chat and it must be uh legitimate So shout out to them, man. So there you go vip box tv Um, there you go yahoo if yahoo or if you have or know somebody that has direct tv, you can watch it on nfl.com Okay, so yeah, man But we we 12 minutes away y'all they all realize we are 12 minutes away from this game Oh, this is gonna be a oh, this is gonna be a good one I'm hype I'm hype This should be good, man. It's like it's not um It's not it hit me early. It's not hitting me right now. It hit me later though during the game It'll definitely hit me later Uh, oh somebody Oh gush you at the game. Oh, you you at the game and you still tune into the stream. Appreciate that man Shout out to gitchy, man Gitchy at the game. I know my boy joe newbo said he's at the game Is that the game could usually meet you'll be in here right now? Just just trolling, man, but he's at the game Um, yeah, man. Y'all y'all out there, man. Y'all are out there. So that should be a lot of fun Oh, I say as we did the video on itayans and it's just I mean There was a good game and yo Gabba Gabba came through for them. Um, Marcus Mary Yoda definitely injury prone. Um And That's just what what's up, Dustin You oh, Alex said he ready for another heartbreaker. No, we don't want no parts of that. We don't want no parts of that What's up there? We don't want no parts no heartbreaker, man We just need these dudes to do it finish the job get it done and make it happen He said it's when good. Yeah, man. That's what we that's what we're gonna get with hardball now, man All that good good you y'all seen the gift and y'all seen the speech y'all seen all that um, so yeah Everything against us like literally right now. Everything is against us. Everything is against us um Oh, yeah, they're when James the beast man. They're when James the beast, you know I had there probably more Ravens fans and charges fans. I had actually read that one of the Ravens reporters had put that um So we'll see it probably will be because none of the charges fans seem to be feeling it out there um My glasses what my glasses keep just being so dirty, man What's up with them? What am I glasses acting like that? Now I can't see no now. I can't see no any comments I'm just looking at the screen and all I can see is color right now. I see a bunch of color, but I don't see no comments Oh, man, I can't wait to see y'all next week, man I can't wait to see y'all next week at the game for anybody that's going man I cannot wait to see y'all man can't wait to see everybody um And ravens are gonna make this game. Uh mean something. They're gonna make the game next week mean something Uh, they're gonna make the game next week. Uh mean win and get in because they I know they're gonna take care of business tonight I know they will say you ain't gotta thank me for nothing. I don't do anything special, man I don't do anything special Didn't call to break the yeah, he see he broke he broke my glasses Then I took them to um The very next day me and Carter we went together. I say, uh, I'm you coming with me to come replace these glasses So I took them to um our eyeglass placed the very next day And um, and they replaced them They replaced them. They gave me a new frame. It's the same style the same exact frame because they said they had another one in stock They just popped out these lenses and put them into this new frame and boom. There we go So then y'all y'all know what happened to me the other day? Um, no, he said that's petty. All right. Yeah, John Moore. See you there, man Definitely see I can't wait man. I can't wait to see everybody man I'm I'm super excited for that man. Just as excited for the game, but I'm super excited for that man Um, so that should be a whole lot of fun. We're gonna have to um We're gonna have to get there early. You know, a couple of my boys are going with me. So Uh, they are black. So I do expect them to be late So I gotta I gotta make sure the time that I tell them to be ready by I tell them like two hours early anyway, um Anyway, uh Are you going to pause? Okay. Yeah, I see you there. I see you there pause Yeah, tana. We're going to the browns game. Um, so yeah, oh from hawaii hawaii. That's what's up, man No, jaylen. I can't stream the game. No, no, no No, no, no Not at all. Alex stone. What's up, man? What's up? My boy, alex asked some of the best some of the best questions, man Some of the best questions from subscribers. We were all team keep you clean. What's up, just an eskibar. Um What was I gonna say? Oh, yeah, well, I ain't even get to tell y'all what happened to me the other day Actually yesterday Yeah, it was yesterday. No, was it yesterday today saturday. What's it on friday? Maybe it was 30 was a third day of friday No, it was uh, it was it was thursday I didn't get to tell y'all what happened to me thursday Because the most of the videos that y'all saw like the questions from subscribers like I always say they um they uh the questions from subscribers are um Um They recorded like days early. So when when you see the video 99% of the time it is not recorded on that same day 99 point 99.99% of the time the question from subscribers videos always recorded days in advance 99% of the time but um So the videos that y'all saw were like older videos besides the ones that I besides the one that I put out today with uh Joe newbo and berlin bs and scg sports where we did that that uh What would you even call that? Again, just a five-way ravens thing. It was super fun though. Super cool.  It's some crazy thing. But anyway, so I was helping him deliver some cars I had drove uh y'all remember the car that we used to do the videos from when I would be on break from work And when I would just take breaks from work, because I would take a lot of breaks. I would make up my own breaks um, but anyway, um in The the car that I used to be in at work when I would take the brakes and stuff the one that ain't have no ac um, I had uh, I had drove that car To go help my guy out and I had drove it to his house and then we took two of his cars to go deliver them and whatever Um, so we did that and then we came back to his house and I was leaving So I pulled out his driveway in the in the same car the same car that I used to do all the videos from so I pulled out his driveway And then I not even Two minutes two or three minutes from there um The car broke down The car just broke down. I was at a red light in the car I was just sitting there and I saw the battery the battery light came on on a dashboard and I'm like, uh Okay, cool, but I didn't know that it had cut off yet Um, so I was just sitting there and then once the light turned green.  Um, how am I so calm? I mean because it's a lot worse things that could happen than that. I mean the car breaking down I mean it is what it is. I don't think it's any sense getting worked up over getting like, oh man getting so annoyed or whatever um And I was just like, oh, well, that's that man Uh, but yeah the car it did uh, it did it broke down. So um My wife like I said, she came we jumped it and it stayed on for two minutes and then it cut off again um, so I it could be the alternator um, or it could be Somebody was telling me it could be a gas line and I was like, oh, I ain't never even heard of that before So yeah, anyway, that car is broken down now. Um So I had to get it towed from where I was at to um I had to get it towed from where I was at to our house. So now it's just sitting out there Uh, so I say it is.  I because it it hit me earlier, but then it went away. So it's gonna hit me again later but um Yeah, he said why y'all had to be the car. Maybe it's because all them breaks that we used to take Uh, every old child maybe because turning the car off and on and off and on and uh running that ac that didn't even work um, but Yeah, man, I say uh, it is what it is man. Um, so We'll see man. We'll see what happens. I mean that now it's just it's just there So that was my thursday. Who that was a long day too. Um But it it happens. What's up in the room? Yeah, game is about to start real soon. It's a 16 So yeah, we got a couple minutes left. So we're right there but anyway um Yeah, that was that man Appreciate y'all hearing my little story about the car breaking down Everything will work itself out though.  I'm not sure if he is or not But um, he had tweeted me.  I hope today's going good or something like that. And I was like, uh, and that was after the car had broke down or whatever And I was like, I don't remember if I was when I tweeted him back if I was still in the car or not But either way, um, I was like, uh, it's it's going all right, but it could be better Uh, but then he he replied to that with with some positive super positive energy and I was like, you know what? I don't need to complain I I got no right no reason to complain at all because it's way worse stuff happening to people Every single day then then a car breaking down. So that wasn't nothing. Um, yeah, it's just it it's it's a car It's not like it's a life. It ain't like it's a health thing That it's a car breaking down. It's it's a material thing. So cars can be replaced I was gonna take a little while to replace it even to get it fixed but Cars can be replaced. So it is what it is. Anyway, um Jay switch said I really hope the mall limits the fumbles that's interceptions tonight Sure, he'll be fine man. They're gonna take care of business, man They're gonna take care of business defense really needs to show up today and make big plays They will I think like I said, I think they coming off. They coming out on fire, man They coming out on fire. I know charges got to uh Oh, yeah, you already know sam. Thank you man. Thanks again. Oh, they want to toss Oh, we starting on defense. We want to toss him deferred. All right. So that means a it's here, man It's here. So we starting on defense. So we get to show Show that we're real. I mean, we've already showed that we're real, but hey We're here. We're here. We're here. It's time, man It's it's time, man It's time. Hey appreciate it sam. Okay. So he was in here. All right. Cool, man All right. So, oh, I hope the referees are fair tonight. Oh, yes Geez Anyway, team keep it clean. I love y'all. I will see you guys at halftime Let's get it, man