We're from a project called NIM, and we're going to be talking about privacy and blockchains and decentralized systems and distributed systems today, and a little bit about the internet and sort of more general systems outside of blockchains, and we're a project that's basically about privacy. The kinds of things we're going to talk about today, why are we doing this, what are the things that we're interested in, what kind of problems we're interested in solving, creating a quick definition of privacy, and we're going to talk about the two core technologies that we are working on. One of them is called the MixNet, which is a kind of better-than-tor way of anonymizing your internet traffic, and the second one is decentralized credentials, so that's kind of like, the quickest way I've ever tried to figure out to explain it to people is something like a decentralized OOF, but it's actually much more powerful than that, so you can actually use it to anonymize pretty much any cryptocurrency transaction or blockchain transaction using anonymizing claims, which I'll explain in great detail in just a moment. Then we'll do a quick demo, and then we have a discussion. How many of you here are developers who have projects that maybe have interests in privacy? Do you think it would be useful to have different privacy-preserving things? That's great. I'm super happy. Okay, good. So hopefully we can have a really good discussion as well. I think we should introduce ourselves first, just as people. So, Anya? Hi. Hello, everyone. My name is... My name is Alem Petrovska, I'm the head of research at them, and I'm also a PhD student at the University College London, where I research privacy and hosting technologies, and in particular, another communication network. Cool. And my name is David Rician. As you can see from my last name, I got quite an early start with encryption. I'm a founding member of a decentralized derivatives platform called the Vega Protocol. I previously built a sharded, scalable lock chain and consensus system called ChainSpace. I moved to Libra very briefly, and I thought that I was actually more interested in working on internet privacy issues, and that's why I'm working here at NIM. The wider team, this is the kind of production team, including some of our coders and other surrounding people, and we actually have quite a large team of advisors from across Europe, from four or five different universities across Europe, basically. So, our goals. We have one goal. Ending mass surveillance. Why would we want to do this? Quick, quick kind of overview. I kind of think that the present situation on the internet is something like crypto wars 2, so it's like the sequel to the crypto wars. For those of you who missed crypto wars 1, the original episode, the 1990s were quite, they were quite bold attempts by the US government to legislate things like hardware back doors into computers and network systems, and they basically wanted to pre-root all cryptography at the time. That was their kind of big aim. Strong cryptography in the 90s was classed as a munition, and it was subject to export bans so that you couldn't share it outside the United States. Many arguments against privacy were advanced at that time, and if the anti-privacy advocates had one in the 90s, most of the internet systems that we use today would probably never have happened. But as it turns out, the original crypto wars were one during the course of the 90s. I think that the availability of SSL probably did more to advance security and privacy of the internet in the 90s than anything else. It's rarely viewed this way, but SSL and successor protocols like TLS are a practical and very important contribution to help ensure civil rights worldwide. Transport security is the core infrastructure of global civil society, in my view. It also ensured that a lot of new industries could take root, so things like e-commerce, internet banking, private messaging, photo sharing. Many of the convenience of modern life that we take for granted, everything would be very different today if the coders starting in the 90s had been prevented from protecting user data. Now, today, just like in the 90s, we have a kind of new technical set of possibilities in front of us, and the same arguments about privacy are being advanced. And I think that we have to win the kind of crypto wars, too, in order to make both global civil society secure and also take advantage of the new economic opportunities that we have in front of us. Yeah, so that's, in a nutshell, the reason why we're doing this. Okay, so you might rightly ask how we're planning to do this. We have basically two core technologies in our system. The first one, as I said, is a mixed net, which is a better-than-tor network security layer. And Anya is a mixed net expert. She's going to talk about what better-than-tor means. Not to rag on tor because it actually does a really good job, but there are certain attacks against tor, and we think we can just generally do a better job. The second thing, which I'll talk about, is a signature scheme that provides these properties. And I'll go into those in detail in a little bit. But first, I'll hand off to Anya. Okay, so... The first time I'm using the clicker, so if I might accidentally explode the screen, I'll try not to. So before we're going to jump to discussing what mixed net networks are, let's just discuss what privacy actually means. So privacy is the fundamental human right. And we can think about privacy in the context of legal basis, in the context of human need, and we can also think about privacy in the context of computer security. So in context of computer security and any other, the most general way to define privacy is that privacy is the ability for us to decide what type of information we would like to share with other people or disclose about ourselves. And privacy is a very complex topic because when we are building privacy enhancing systems, we have to make sure that we're going to consider each of the components of the system in terms of privacy. So it's a very holistic property, which means that the information leakage in one of the components of the system may very significantly degrade the privacy properties provided by even the most enhanced cryptographic techniques in the other component of the system. So because today we're talking about NIM and NIM is a system for enhancing the privacy properties of the online users, the most basic component of the system which we want to run online is the network layer security. And when we're thinking about the network layer security, one basic thing which we're thinking about is the anonymity. So what is anonymity? Anonymity in general is the property which allows us to remain indistinguishable among other people performing similar actions or operations. And in the online world we're going to talk about anonymous communication at the network layer. So we would like to hide the fact who is communicating with whom or who is exchanging information with whom. And when this anonymity is important, so if you're going to think about network layer security, you have to think about the metadata. So when the internet was first introduced in DARPA it was developed as a small-side project focused on fast packet switching and it was intended to be used for casual communication, not for exchange of confidential information. Therefore there was a very small amount of thought put into securing actually this communication. And how it turned out this little project ended up being a worldwide project and we all use internet nowadays for everything. And every online activity which we perform leaves a digital fingerprint.  What is this metadata? The best way to define metadata is to say that it is everything about your communication except the content. So this is information for example about who is communicating with whom, how often, at what times of the day, what is the dynamic of the group, what is the sequence of communication, from which location you're communicating with people and so on and so on. And when the PRIS program was revealed the NSA was saying that hey no big deal that we're trying to record your communication because we are not reading your content, we are just looking at the metadata. But it turns out that this metadata carries a lot of sensitive information about the users which very often is as revealing as the content itself. So you don't need actually try to print the messages and look into the content to infer a lot of information about the users which in result allows you to infer what are their relationship, what are their political or sexual preferences, religions and so on and so on. So let's look at a couple of examples of privacy enhancing technologies which are very popular nowadays. I'm pretty sure you saw or heard at least about one of them. And let's think whether they offer us anonymity at the network level or not and how good is this anonymity. So the first example is end-to-end encryption. I'm quite sure that you either use or heard about PGP for emails or end-to-end encrypted instant messaging applications like WhatsApp, Signal, Telegram and so on. So this is a very good example of a privacy enhancing technology which allows you to have confidentiality. So which allows you to hide the content of your communication but it doesn't protect the network layer metadata associated with your communication.  Another example are the privacy enhancing crypto coins. So I think I don't have to convince anyone that Bitcoin is not anonymous but let's look at more privacy friendly coins like for example Zcash. So Zcash is a very nice privacy supporting coin because it offers a good privacy properties on-chain thanks to using the zero-knowledge technology but it does not protect the network layer. So in a result the adversary who has access to the network layer is able to correlate users transacting just looking at their network addresses. And the last example is VPN so the virtual private network. So here we are getting a little bit closer towards securing the network layer of communication because actually VPNs offer some type of network level protection by offering an encrypted channel between the user and the VPN provider which acts as a proxy. But what is the limitation of the VPN? Well VPNs are centralized which means that simply you have to trust the VPN provider that he will be behaving honestly because he is the one who sees your traffic between the user and the public internet. So in result you have to trust that the VPN is not malicious or it does not keep any logs about your online activities and does not share it with anyone. So the research in anonymous communication networks is definitely not new. Already in the early 80s David Chao pioneered the idea of the first ever anonymous network called the Mix Network. So I will try to give like a very brief crash course on what Mix Networks are. So let's start first what is a Mix? Mix is simply a router, a network router for any type of internet traffic which we would like to use. And a Mix Network is just a set of such Mix Nuts. And don't be particularly amazed that I'm showing the Mix Network as just a single sequence. In general you can have many topologies of this network but just for simplification I have just a single path. But on top of being just a network router the Mixes have some security properties which allow you to remain anonymous at the network layer. So what are those properties? The first property is that a Mix transforms the received packets cryptographically. What does it mean that if Alice wants to send a message to Bob she's going to encode her message into a special cryptographic packet format in such a way that each mix on the path between Alice and Bob will remove one layer of this cryptographic protection. So if some of you know onion routing it's a very similar idea. So we layer and crimp the packets. And what this gives us is the property called Bitwise Unlinkability. This means that if the adversary observes any single Mix and he sees packets coming in and packets coming out he won't be able to correlate them looking at their binary representation. So the bit pattern of the packets in and out does not correspond to each other. Another property of the Mix networks and the Mixes is not related anymore to the bit stream but rather to the timing of the packets. So most of the routers on the network work at the first in first out basis which means the first packet coming in will be probably the first coming out. So imagine your Mix works like that and the adversary observes the Mix and he sees packets coming in and out and even though he cannot correlate them based on their binary representation he will be able to correlate them looking at the time of their arrivals and departures. That's why the Mixes do not forward packets at the first in first out rule. Instead of that they reorder the packets following some secret permutation. What this does is that the timing correspondence between the incoming and outgoing packets is broken up. And there are many different ways to perform this reordering following secret permutation. The original Chown's Mix networks operated in synchronized batches which meant that the Mix is waiting the whole round which can be for example an hour or something like that and gathers some packets processes them and at the end of the round apples throwing a secret permutation and flashes to the next hop. So those two properties the bitwise unlinkability and the timing unlinkability allow you to achieve anonymity of your communication. Because the Mixes are combined in long chains and thanks to that none of the Mixes knows who is the sender and recipient because they only know the previews and the next hop they don't know what is the whole path and who is sending messages to call and at the same time the adversary who is observing even the entire network and can sniff all the packets at all the links won't be able to correlate your communication. So as long as at least one Mix in the path is honest your strong anonymity remains. So early Mix Network designs had a couple of limitations in terms of performance mostly scalability and very high latency overhead because those batching crowns required a lot of time to wait for many packets to arrive. That's why the NIM Mix Network is based on the modern Mix Network design called Lupix which solves the problems of traditional Mix Networks. So a little bit about how NIM Mix Network works and how we solve those issues of limited performance in traditional Mix Networks. So the first important thing is the network topology. So topology means that the Mix nodes are grouped into layers and the traffic is flowing from first layer to the last layer in one direction. And why did we pick the stratified topology? It's because as research has shown the stratified topology has the best trade-off between anonymity and performance and it's a topology which scales horizontally which means that you can very easily scale your network if the number of users using it increases or the volume of traffic increases because you simply have to incrementally add more nodes. So for example TOR is an example of an anonymous network which also scales horizontally. In terms of the bitwise unlinkability and cryptographic packet format which we're using, we're using the Sphinx packet format. If some of you know Lightning Networks but exactly the same cryptographic packet format is used in the Lightning Networks. And the Sphinx packet format offers the unlinkability of the binary pattern and makes sure that all the messages are padded to the same length. But it also ensures resistance to tugging and replay attacks and it allows to encode all the rounded information within the packet with what means that the sender as soon as he sends the message into the network he can go offline. Which for example does not happen in TOR because in TOR you have to be online all the time to be able to communicate when you're sending packets because you have an open circuit. In the NumMix network because we're using Sphinx we can just send the message and go offline. And in terms of this mixing operation, this reordering we use the so-called continuous time mixes and this is a very nice technique for mixing the packets and how it works. We don't have synchronized runs. We do not batch messages. Instead of that each packet is delayed with some random amount of time. The sender when he's preparing the packet to be sent into the mix network he encapsulates those random delays for each mix on the path. This delay is randomized. And the mix when he strips the level of cryptographic protection he's going to see this delay and he knows for how long he should keep the packet before flashing it. And why actually this is a good technique for mixing? Well, we are picking the delays from the exponential distribution and the exponential distribution has a very nice property called memoryless property. What it means imagine you are the adversary and you're observing a mix node and you see one packet arriving at some time and then another packet arriving to the mix at another time. And then you see a packet leaving the mix. This memoryless property tells you that you cannot guess which of the incoming packets is the one which you observe going out because the timing at which the packets departure from the mix is not correlated to their arrival times. And what it gives in the big picture it increases the anonymity set. Because in the synchronized mix networks you have the anonymity set of the size of how many messages you've managed to gather during the round. Here, because everything works in a continuous manner and the exponential distribution is long hailed, your anonymity set is much larger because you actually have to consider all the messages which you've ever seen arriving to the mix node as being potentially the one departuring. And the last thing about the NimxMixNet is that it's very intuitive that when we're talking about anonymity the larger the group of people among which your anonymous, the better is your anonymity. So mix networks very often use covered traffic. But the problem with the traditional mix network design was that this covered traffic usually required a lot of bandwidth. That's why in the NimxMixNetwork we're using a tunable covered traffic. A tunable means that when the volume of real traffic increases in the mix network you can tune down the amount of covered traffic which you're using and vice versa if the amount of real traffic is dropping. And the type of covered traffic which we're using is called a loop covered traffic. A loop means that the sender and the recipient of this packet is the same person. And both the clients and the mix nodes are sending loop covered traffic following the Poisson distribution. This ensures that the packets, the real ones and the loop packets are very nicely mixed together so the adversary cannot distinguish looking at some sample of traffic whether he sees real messages or loop messages or have have and so on. But the loop messages they also have another very big advantage. They allow to detect and prevent active attacks in which either malicious mixes or malicious adversary can block or drop some of the packets in the network. These are properties which were not in the traditional mix network designs so it's a very big advantage. Ok, just to wrap up about the NIMS mix network is like the key takeaways you should remember is that we have a mix network which has a very good anonymity versus performance trade of. The network scales very well we can adjust the latency which we need in our system depending on the amount and volume of traffic which we have we can detect and resist active attacks. So that's about mixed networks. Alright, thanks Anja. So that's half of our system and by the way we're going to try to do we're going to succeed in doing a demo because we don't have any dependencies on internet because I shot a little movie last night from my hotel room so we'll actually be able to see some of the stuff happening. So we built a small chat application just as a kind of tester and you'll be able to see messages going into the mixnet and going between two terminals as a kind of simple example but you could use mixnet for many more things than chat. You could use it to pretty much anonymize any of your blockchain transactions any of your cryptocurrency transactions or anything else for that matter. The second part of our system is a system of privacy preserving credentials so we're working at different layers here. A mixnet defends you at the network layer whereas the credentials that we have can defend you at the layer of your transactions or your blockchain. So the mixnet protects your IP traffic as it's traveling across the unprotected wilds of the internet and the privacy preserving credentials allow you to encode cryptographic claims and use them. So we're using a signature scheme called coconut. So what is coconut? Well, coconut is a signature scheme and as you may know all signature schemes have at least these three algorithms that you need to be able to generate your keys you need to verify a signature that you receive and somebody has to be able to sign basically. So given the public key of the person that you want to sign a message for you should be able to sign that thing and if anybody who has the public key that was signed with should be able to verify, right? So everybody's pretty much familiar with these things cool, a lot of noting here, it's very good. Cool. So name signatures are, it is a signature scheme but we have several additional properties. So the first property that we add to the sort of normal three we have blind signatures or blind issuance. Do people know what that means? Some people, not everybody, okay cool. So again cryptographic genius, invented blind signatures which have some additional properties and functions. Let's take a fictional eCash scheme just to kind of use an example to try to walk through what a blind signature is. So I'm going to create a cryptographic claim so a piece of cryptographic material that basically says what I want to end up with is a bearer token saying I have one dollar, okay? That's our aim. Don't take it out of the blockchain world for just a second. So I'm going to create this claim saying Dave has one dollar and it'll be in clear text. Cool. So I blind it locally on my client and that turns it into gobbledygook so it's just a piece of stringy stringiness and I'm going to send it to the bank over the network along with a dollar if I could transmit a dollar through the pipes. The bank is going to then sign it and saying they attest yet Dave definitely has a dollar, we're holding it. Cool. Now he's got this claim that he can run around with and they give me a signature back. So they've signed basically a piece of blind cryptographic material they give it back to me and now I've unblind the credential and I can basically delink that from what I got back from the bank. So I now have a bearer token which attests that I own a dollar and yet the bank never actually they can't really identify me because all the other material literally in that blinded credential they never saw it they just saw some gobbledygook so this process of that so create the clear text blind the clear text locally send it to the signer the signer signs it return it to the creator and the creator unblinds it to use it as a bearer token this is the kind of general process of blind signatures now some of you may have noted that there's a problem with blind issuance so you could have made an unsigned that you have three dollars. Exactly, so the signer has just been presented with this gobbledygook and they've signed it and they've given it back to me so it could have said Dave has one million dollars and they would be unable to tell without some further active verification so if you're the bank you get some gobbledygook the usual solution to this is to use a zero knowledge proof a testing that the message contains one dollar but reveals nothing else so the serial number of the credential the T, anything like that so there's a bit of zero knowledge action inside this so coconut, our signature scheme has this zero knowledge proof ability so that's one of the things that it does so it can do blind issuance cool a second thing that we have is the concept of re-randomizable signatures has anybody ever run across this before it's a pretty weird one I'm going to demonstrate it in a little bit but this type of signature has an additional algorithm to these three which is basically randomized so you basically can take a signature and then from that signature you can call the randomized method on it and you can basically generate a brand new credential which is cryptographically equivalent to the original credential that you originally had in your hand is completely delinked completely anonymizes the cryptographic material that you have a barotoken so it looks like a brand new credential that's sort of unlinkable between the two but it can still be verified through cryptography as if it was the original one so I'll demonstrate that in a bit but that basically can make your barotokens untraceable so you get a barotoken back from some kind of authority you call the re-randomized method on it you get a new barotoken that has the same cryptographic material but the authority can't say I saw that one and I gave it to it does that kind of make sense? okay cool okay so what is this used for so you can create multiple signatures and show them to different people but the people that you show it to cannot link you back to the original signature or to any of the other re-randomized signatures but the underlying messages in this case is all the same so the cryptographic content is all the same across all these credentials basically have multiple anonymized barotokens that can each be validated as if they were the original so we have the property of unlinkability cool we also have a concept of selective disclosure so in a traditional scheme when you sign the message and when somebody verifies the message they have to verify the whole thing so selective disclosure means that instead of needing to verify the whole message you can have people verify only certain attributes in the message keeping other parts of it private so let's consider an example again to make things easier let's assume that we have a passport so my passport has my name, my nationality age, photo and place of issue so these are the attributes in the passport let's say I want to go to the pub and have a drink and I mean I'm so old that I would never need to prove that I'm old enough to get in to produce some kind of ID and you could in an electronic way you might send your whole passport over and identify yourself completely but actually can anybody see what we actually need to get into the pub here age and photo and actually we don't even really want to say how old is Dave because he's really super ancient what we really just want to say is he's over 18 so that's basically what we want to selectively disclose so coconut allows us to do this so you basically sign a tuple of all fields in the passport and when it comes to verify the verifier can verify only some of the attributes despite the fact that the rest of them are still there you can selectively choose to disclose these things and you can selectively choose to disclose different ones to different people basically so basically we have three parties we have the passport authority the subject that's whoever wants to go in the pub and then we have the relying party we call it which is the bouncer at the pub door and you can basically choose to selectively disclose some or all of the attributes in the message so when you put it all together selective disclosure can be applied to normal signature schemes without blinding without re-randomization so you can design message from an authority and disclose them selectively and this provides privacy against the relying party the bouncer and also against the passport authority right oh sorry if you go to the pub again or if the passport authority wants to without the other properties that is blind issuance and re-randomizable signatures they can identify you the second time you go to the pub as being the same person or the passport authority to break your anonymity if they wanted to if we combine all of these things blinding credentials re-randomizable signatures and selective disclosure we can protect the user's privacy against multiple shows that is uses of the credential at the pub so the bouncer will always think it's the first time you've been there which might be important in certain applications and we can also protect you against the passport authority thinking the credentials you're using to what they issued now keep in mind we're not really talking about making a passport authority any kind of authority that you want to have that can assert any useful information about anything in your applications can be contained inside a new credential so all the elements thus far basically existed in the cryptography literature and we were just stringing them together this isn't some mind-blowingly new set of things maybe you haven't heard of it before but all of this stuff basically exists but they only existed in centralized systems so up until now it's been impossible to string these things together in decentralized systems and that's what coconut basically gives you is this one more thing which is threshold issuance so you can actually have a decentralized set of authorities all generate part of a credential so that allows the kind of decentralization and the kind of blockchainization of using these kinds of attributes for the first time so we're not aware of anybody else who's done this so it makes all of these other things like blind issuance reanimizable signatures, selective disclosure usable in a blockchain context so this is known as a threshold signature scheme so that's basically what coconut does and what the mixed net does maybe I'll break for some questions here just to keep things going back and forth and then I'll do a quick architecture diagram of what we have running right now and then I'll show that that can show some of this stuff in action so questions, any I'm reading the text it rings a bell we're repeating it it rings a bell that I ok so the question is what is the tagging and replay attack so a tagging attack is if the adversary is able to sniff a packet going through the network then flip like a single bit for example in order to be able to like trace this packet further in the network so if you don't have a cryptographic packet format which will be resistant to that it will just flip a bit and then be able to trace the packet the replay attack can be used also for tagging it means that you're repeating the same packet once again just for example to see where it will go again so you're able to sniff it and then resend it again you mentioned that you like set out to basically build something that's better than TOR in terms of network security so the main attack against TOR is essentially a government agency running like 30% of all nodes and by having a majority of exit nodes they just see where all the packets end up how do you address that attack so for example the thing in TOR is that all the packets are going like all of your communication packets are going by the same circuit so with the same entry and exit node here in the mixed network every packet is going by an independent path which is selected randomly so this is already causing a little bit of trouble then it's not that the agency just you know like try to control some of the exit nodes and so on another thing is that when we run the mixed nodes there are a couple of techniques which allow you to detect any nodes based on the reputation so try to build the reputation which nodes are the honest ones and which might be malicious ones quick one, is there any validation for all the nodes yes so exactly I don't know if you want to yeah so we basically just to complete our give a quick maybe visual overview and that might help partly answer some of the question we basically have two chunks of our two parts of our system at the top here is the mixed node and then we also have validator nodes of decentralized authorities that communicate among themselves in a kind of BFT round that and we have some dummy service providers over here built as well to talk about you know to answer your question we have a system which we haven't yet built so all of the stuff I've just drawn here actually is running right now and people can start to integrate against it try it out this new thing that I'm about to talk about doesn't yet exist as running code because it's only a few weeks old so it's kind of we just haven't had chance yet to actually put it together but it's essentially a way of saying okay cool the original Lupitz design I need to take a bit of a detour but I'll get back to it was okay cool your client starts sending stuff so we have a packet which is like here think of it as like some encrypted Russian dolls that all kind of open up right so the center doll the littlest one is the message you're actually trying to send then there's these layers of encryption and that basically defines the path that goes in here comes out here goes this way ends up at this storage node over here and then the offline client maybe that was here maybe somebody comes out of the metro something like that grabs that and actually gets the content delivered right now the original design of Lupitz which is something that Onya worked on was very individualistic so you can do loop traffic it's called and you can be spitting even if you're not sending any real messages through the system you might be spitting loop traffic through so your packet might go boom boom boom boom and actually loop back around to you and say cool wow my message made it through so you send maybe one every ten times you send a loop packet around and you can you can basically see cool these guys delivered my message right the problem we have to solve is okay if this is me I'm a good person I would never say anything wrong how can we if we just rely on the users to do this measurements that I could also be an attacker right so we have to come up with a way of verifying the behavior of each of these nodes in a way that's publicly verifiable in a way that's kind of akin to like a BFT consensus system right because I could say hey my packet never made it past here and if we rely on my individual judgment I could be the attacker trying to damage the reputation of this node right so we basically come up with a way of using a verifiable random dysfunction to pre-generate a bunch of packets and assign them to clients the clients will send them through the VRF will be revealed at the end of a timed round and we can then check does the Merkle trees of each of these nodes which they've been keeping for record keeping purposes basically they have to show the Merkle trees and the commitments inside the Merkle trees that each node has they send that back to the staking authorities and the staking authorities can then verify did they do the right thing at a kind of system level not at an individual level so this is something we've just come up with it's probably the first time that anybody's come up with an incentivization system that works with a mixnet like this so we're quite proud of it we haven't built it yet though I would just suggest to wrap up this incentivize system is that we're checking the quality of service offered by the mixes and if we see that some mixes are behaving dishonest or in a malicious way we're just cutting from their stakes so and if you're acting honestly you can get rewards for you oh that's a good one yeah cool yeah as far as I understand it Tor just has a very simple it just send the messages out directly there's a mixnetwork what to use a push on distribution for the sending out the messages and also the different classes of applications will have different profiles how do you want to create those profiles for the different applications what processes and tools will you use to create those yeah so just make sure I understand your question you're asking like if we discuss different use cases where people send different volumes of traffic for example like a chart application and a bitcoin wallet will have different yeah so just to give you a little bit of the background in the Lubix design and hence in the mixnet we enforce kind of the clients to send following a push on distribution what does it mean imagine you have a phone and you press the button send your message is not immediately injected into the mixnetwork instead of that it's buffered in like a special queue which is controlled by the push on process and from time to time at random times this push on process wakes up and checks this buffer if there is a real message you pick this message and send it if there is no real message he sends a loop cover message what this gives you is that your sending pattern is unobservable so from the perspective of the adversary who's observing your client it just looks like you're always sending something but whether you're sending real traffic or just cover traffic we don't know that so coming back to Amir's question if we have different use cases like instant messaging or email so one is fast and the other is slow sending then we can adjust this push on process to be sending faster on slower but we actually all the time obfuscate the sending pattern of the client so the adversary cannot tell whether you're actually communicating with someone or you're just being completely on hold so yeah we have a very preliminary let's call it demo nobody tries to judge us on our graphic designer or anything like that I'll just build the client we have a really cool graphical introduction to the client as well basically I'm about to run it here just so you can see what it says I've edited an Alice user so it's like Lupix client in it Alice Alice now gets some private and public keys generated and stored on her system cool we started to run in the kind of Lupix client binary which you'll be able to you can integrate against if you're actually interested in like trying to make your applications work with a mix that we have a bunch of running mix that notes we have this topology of six notes running on the internet right now with two storage notes at the end so even if you're your kind of end user clients are offline you can do that as soon as we told Alice as soon as Alice said hey I'm going to run this client the client automatically starts sending packets so it starts encrypting packets through the system and sending them back to herself it starts generating cover traffic as soon as the client has started up this client doesn't do anything else than that so you might be a bit disappointed if you just like fire it up and then you'd be like wow that doesn't really do anything but it is actually doing something if you like if you wire shark yourself you'll be able to see the cover traffic going however we're basically within the next week we're going to be able to build a set of socket interfaces so you can just have this binary sitting inside your application you can connect it to it by either a web socket or a TCP socket and just push bytes into it and those will be those bytes that you push into it will basically go through the mix that and you'll be able to send messages so as a kind of example of that we're building a chat client and we've got it built I'll just show it right here so I'm just going to I'm just backing out I'm saying okay cool we're going to go to the chat client demo and I'm going to spark it up so we're going to use this Alice thing this Alice user cool so now again it says what Alice's public key is and she has to figure out who she wants to communicate with we've also made a Bob user and I'm just going to start him in another terminal there start up Bob good cool he selects Alice's public key which has to be sent out of band so he has to know that cool now we have this two message thing now just as that kind of goes through I'll just explain what's going on we have two clients both of them start sending cover traffic and we have a dashboard that you can actually see on the internet right now it's at dashboard.nimtech.net and you can we're always sending cover traffic through that anyway and you can basically see that the cover traffic going through the nodes because it tells you you know this node here let's say in the last one second it sent 20 packets and it received 18 packets or 12 packets whatever whatever it happens to be so you can basically get a view overall of the whole network and what's happening within it yeah so you can see the speeds this is actually going through from my hotel room in Japan to our mixnet in Europe somewhere through the six nodes and then back out back to Japan so it's you can see the speeds actually not that bad as far as when something is typed in here or you can see it appear on the other side quite rapidly so it's definitely sub second latency it's like sort of 300-400 milliseconds I'd say of latency that gets added at that thing so we can also see the mix nodes and the validators here as well and if I just back it up a little bit I think you'll be able to see here inside there you can see it says received and sent in that one second period that's what the mix nodes are actually receiving in and you can see you can kind of tell that the reordering is happening inside the nodes because otherwise the numbers would be exactly the same I've sent and received in that one second period and they're not across all of those things so that's the reordering of the packets if I have a server can I contribute like resource right now already or yeah I guess so there's the repos that we have are completely open the chat client might not be but that's more an oversight the main nodes both the NIM validator nodes that run the credential system and the mix nodes that run the mixing system it's all open right now so you can look at it and have a look it's not super beautiful yeah go ahead two questions the first one is how the directory service is provided like how do I know what nodes there are so right now we're running a directory server at directory.nintec.net it's centralized at the moment but that's a temporary thing because we need to bootstrap the network and then I need to figure out what my next move is going to be as far as just distributing the presence information around we have several good options for doing that I just haven't picked one yet so second question what is the significance of deciding in advance the delays why cannot but why cannot the individual nodes just come up with random delays so there are a couple of reasons why the first one is if you're in the center and you're picking the delays in advance for each hot you know where your packet should arrive at the other end this allows you to for example expect an acknowledgement for your packet so you will know whether your message got to the other end or not whether one of the mixes dropped it or not so that's one of the advantages and yeah it's the main one because also it will allow you to detect malicious mix nodes if your packet you didn't get the acknowledgement for your packet this means that maybe your packet will drop somewhere on the way and you should investigate which of those mix nodes potentially dropped your packet and so on I just see that here received and sent I expected them to be equal so you're not received and you're not sent and they're quite different they're supposed to be different because the packets as they're received are held for random amounts of time so that's why we get the reordering so if they were the same that's when we would be unhappy knowing like why why it's just what if it's just passing the same things in and out in the same order and it's not reordering anything what it's actually doing is we can tell it's working because it's holding the packets for a random interval and therefore we can see that it's actually mixing but why didn't some nodes send more messages than theirs it's like this is my first packet so they also like imagine like in one second you receive 10 packets in the other second you send 5 of them and then you receive another 5 and then you send 15 so like there is all the time just shopping the packets yeah cool sorry go ahead so the client binary is the thing that you'll want to use it's written in go right now so if you're a go user you can just compile the client right into your software if you're not a go user we're going to provide socket connections so let's say we're a javascripter just for instance there'll be a web socket connection basically your javascript application has to fire the binary up that will take care of all the key generation all of the loop cover traffic all of the kind of mix and eddy stuff for you and then you subscribe to events on that web socket and you can push events into the web socket so from your point of view you're making a chat application with a web socket or you're making some other application socket in javascript and it goes into the go binary the go binary goes hey cool does this guy have any like real stuff to send no cool send a cover message good or if you have real stuff to send yes then good we'll send we'll send you real stuff and it will take care of all of that stuff for you and the client also takes care of going to the directory server looking up where all the nodes are downloading by grabbing their public keys getting the whole network topology everything like that and then the client will automatically do your client side writing for you so you never as an application developer need to think about you know what path am I going to choose or anything like that it's all done for you so if I have a service inside me that's for example a service like a sending a file could I retrofit curl to fetch the file by going through a sub proxy locally you would need to packetize it that would be the one thing that you would need to do in that case so if you need to chop up that file into chunks that match the size of the mix net packets and at the other end of your application you would need to provide some way of turning those packets into something that maybe gets reordered if you need ordering in your application so that's the actually like an IP layer without TCP kind of it's like a super anonymous UDP I guess we've just reinvented this one more thing that we've got here which is a quick demo of the credentials I'm just going to jump forward a tiny bit just to see if you can see it running cool we're just loading up some configuration files but basically what we have here is a wonderfully designed QT thing which basically will take some ERC-20 token in just as a kind of demonstration it's not for any real reason what I'm trying to do is demonstrate the kind of flow so basically what's going to happen is the client that's this white thing you see on the screen will ask for hey here's Ethereum we're going to ask for Ethereum to basically pump some Ethereum tokens into NIM into this Tenderman round which is what we're actually using for the validators that will create some NIMs in the Tenderman side of things you'll then get back a credential from the validators so all these guys will respond to you and say cool yeah here's each piece of your credential because you get a threshold credential we can then re-randomize the credential and we'll show that working and then you can spend the credential with a service provider and the service provider can then redeem it over here and say cool pay me and we can have double spending production there as well so that's the basic flow of the coconut credentials so cool we just got 10 NIMs in we're going to create a credential that codes 5 NIMs in this case don't get sucked in by thinking you always have to put currency inside your credentials this is a very general purpose system so the NIM credential is the same thing as like this application is like a smart contract as it's what a smart contract is to the EVM the basic thing underneath all of this is very general purpose cool we've got back a partial credential our client has reassembled it over here and I'm pressing the re-randomize button and you can see the credential changing right there as I'm pressing it so I just re-randomize it 5 times it has now the same 5 NIMs inside the credential that it always had but it is a totally different credential than what we got back from these issuing authorities so they can't rat on me anymore they can't tell who they gave it to even if they colluded it would be unable to do that so we then send the credential from our client to some kind of service provider to pay for something could be for anything that's great the service provider redeemed it that means it's been spent I asked it to spend it again and it said no, you've already spent it the really interesting thing I'm going to re-randomize it another 5 times here so you can see the credential changing again sorry if it's a bit I try to spend it now and despite the fact that it's a brand new credential the blockchain has rejected it as being already spent so the cryptographic material in there has been recognized as a brand new credential so we still have double spending production even with the re-randomization cool that's pretty much it so any other questions how is your work funded? we have some investment from different VCs so talking to the service provider could you still identify sure it doesn't right now but eventually the vision is that it will be better what VR of construction are you I'm not sure I don't know which VR of construction I think I heard I don't remember the person who invented the two people who invented the scheme aren't ready here so I'm not sure what they're planning to use there so I can't say and also we are working on the research papers related to that so probably what the research paper will be out of the description so I just wanted to say that following your question we are working on the research paper about this so in the research paper we will probably discuss which VRF to use and which one is the best so the VRF would also be used to randomize packets sent inside a mixed node the client will still generate the path but the mixed nodes will need to say what they saw afterwards the VRF comes into play everybody opens up the box and goes hey did Timmy mixed node 2 actually send the correct packets and there's going to be a record of what he was supposed to have sent basically and this VRF is used only for those special measurement messages which are checking the quality of service the regular messages it's up to the client what he is using to ping the path how he likes and so on cool, thank you very much for the time but if people want to keep on chatting out in the hall please come say hello and if anybody is interested in trying out some of the code or trying to develop against this then please come talk to me as well. Thank you


Just pause and just think, okay, whoa, hang on, don't speak, don't text, don't make a call, just count to five, just think, okay, that was data, that was incoming information, it's an option, it's not a command, it doesn't belong to me, I am going to choose to not do that today. What is what some of you are doing, you've pressed send already.


This is Witchspace news for Friday the 13th of December 2019 I'm CMDR Buur In this weeks news, Elite Dangerous is turning 5 years old and F-Dev is giving stuff away Frontier begins its countdown to Christmas and F-Dev is giving stuff away Primetime casual goes behind the scenes and will have a roundup of community news Remember to hit like and subscribe and click the little bell icon to get notifications You can also join us on the Buur Pit Discord server And you can become a supporter of this channel through Patreon or YouTube membership Links to everything you need are in the description below 5 years ago on the 16th of December 2014 after some years of black development And then a successful Kickstarter project Elite Dangerous launched for the PC To celebrate the game's 5 year anniversary F-Dev have announced some special events And a free paint job is also available for the Cobra Mark III If you participate in the current community goal that ends on the 18th of December There will also be a special celebratory live stream from Frontier on the 16th of December Starting at midday UTC where they will be looking back at the game and the community over the last 5 years Graphic Fidelity in video games moves on very quickly But Elite still looks beautiful and you often forget that you're looking at a 5 year old game But even so after 5 years it's not unreasonable to expect the game to get somewhat of a reworking from Frontier And as we've speculated before it's possible that that may in part at least be what the big 2020 update is about I think it's fair to say that the last 12 months have perhaps not been the most illustrious or easy in the game's history With delayed updates and features and unresolved bugs in the game it has created an understandable amount of bad feeling from the community With fixes and beta tests expected prior to the delayed launch of carriers the next 6 months are going to be a fascinating time at least We then have the run up to the end of 2020 and the big scheduled update and whatever the game's future is beyond that Here's hoping the next year is more positive for the game we all love Frontier began their traditional countdown to Christmas event today Each day that commanders log into the game between now and the 25th of December will see an ever increasing amount of free arcs in game currency deposited into your account These free arcs are over and above the 400 free arcs that you can earn every week from just playing the game Logging into the game this morning for example saw 100 arcs arrive in our accounts To ensure that you've got somewhere to spend those free arcs Frontier are also releasing some of the more exclusive elusive paint jobs between now and Christmas And they'll be available for a limited time during the event While I think of it just a quick public service announcement the double federation rank and federation ship discount event is still ongoing until the 16th of December Don't wait if you want to take advantage of that Cast your mind back about a month ago and you may well find your mind rocketing towards the surface port of Margulis depot in the 61 virginis system at hypersonic speeds in normal space By way of a reminder serial difficult German man and friend of the channel commander prime time casual has today released his final video of the year In this retrospective of the events of the 9th and 10th of November he gives some fascinating facts on the what and the why of the speedball 3 event And an equally fascinating look behind the curtain at how the event came together Including an on-camera interview with the delightful Nola prime the developer behind the speedbot discord bot that collated and managed some of the admin for prime time over the weekend long event Easily one of prime's best videos it's also one of his funniest as always linked below And here's this week's community roundup As we mentioned last week the annual operation IDA holiday hall starts tomorrow They're kicking off the event which runs until the 5th of January with a one and done effort to repair a station inside 24 hours The event starts at 1500 UTC and IDA have asked that participants be ready at any of the three refineries in the HR827 system with a hold full of beryllium for when the target station is announced The Buckyball Racing Club's latest event Total Recall 3 starts on the 14th of December and runs for a week Maybe that should have been called Total 3 Call, eh? Missed opportunity Haha, you're welcome The event sees participants landing at a selection of surface ports driving for 7.5km and then recalling their ships aiming to get the fastest time at the end of the circuit Just as the Buckyball event ends on the 22nd of December there's the new SRV race around a set track at Scully Powers Progress Surface Installation Planned by Commander Mad 7 at the Danger Zone Galactic Archive Discord We filmed this race previously, it's always fun to watch and participate in, there's links below for you to get involved A couple of useful nuggets came to us via Commander McGran of the AXI this week Firstly a super useful and easy to read infographic that breaks down the variants of Thargoid Interceptor that we currently know about and how to recognize and tackle them Also the AXI has been conducting a survey into the spawn rates of non-human signal sources in the Pleiades region if you want to go hunting the gloopy alien meanies You'll find links below to the infographic and the AXI Discord themselves who are an invaluable resource The stellar photography and videography fan art group known as SPVFA or SPIVA to their friends are 2 years old this week Check them a follow on Facebook if you're not doing so already to populate your timeline with some gorgeous curated screenshots and genius elite themed Photoshop work And finally the now quarterly journal of all things elite Sagittarius Eye went live this week with their professional magazine quality collection of interviews, articles and screenshots that all just happen to be elite in universe and free Links to all of this stuff and everything we've talked about this week are as always below That's it for now barring any massive announcements or events that's also it for the year from which space news and what a year it has been Commander Rene and I would just like to take this opportunity to say a massive thank you to you for subscribing to and following this channel We wish you and yours nothing but good things for this seasonal time of the year however you choose to spend it and we'll see you all in 2020 with whatever that may bring Until then thank you so much for watching 07 Commanders, follow the Greens on the way out and do keep clear of the toast rack We very much look forward to seeing you next time


What's up, everybody welcome back to the channel, I'm Evo Revit here on Forza Motor Sports 7 in my BMW M4 So today we are trying something different if you haven't noticed by the thumbnail We are trying to give you a different perspective Basically through my eyes of what I see when I am drifting in my SimRig With the full cluster with the digital cluster and everything up there as well as basically what I'm seeing a Little in a sense different style of a wheel cam for today's episode We but we are on Maple Valley going to try and Link this entire course if we can that's the goal for today may not happen But we are gonna try to do it My voice will probably get a little bit muffled because I will be wearing the helmet So if my voice sounds a little bit muffled through commentary this episode, that's why I am gonna be just testing this out for today see what you guys think about it and See how you guys like this style Maybe you continue to use it.  So we're gonna go ahead and First and foremost, we're gonna make sure our Instrument cluster and everything is all set up. I don't want to be moving All right, so We're gonna have to come to a hard break right away We're gonna pause it. So a cluster is working. So we're good so now we're gonna get the helmet on and get the camera turned on and See what we can do and see how this see how this works out So like I said my voice may be slightly muffled when it comes to when I'm inside the helmet But you know we are we're gonna go with it there We're gonna get the camera turned on as you can see cameras good You can see recording software over there game there this monitor is turned off currently because we don't need it so We're just gonna go full send We're gonna resume it and See how it goes. We got my full cluster going on down there as well. So We see we can't try and link this track in our M4 I'm not sure how this is gonna work but uh, I Don't think we're gonna be able to do it off the bat. It may take us more in these guys We're gonna try and link this whole track without coming out of drift points All right there. We just came out of a drift point. So first lap not so good Definitely gonna probably try and get it better in the second lap Get a feel for this M4. I did put the drift suspension on this M4 So like I said, we were just trying this uh Camera a little bit out today. I think it's kind of a cool view to see exactly kind of from my eyes As you can see you can see the actual digital cluster Down there right behind my wheel I honestly can't really see it right now because uh The camera inside the helmet is kind of blocking that so I'm just going off of the splashes of lights and The cluster on the side of the game So this M4 has definitely become a very vicious car With this angle kit So we are gonna try and drift this whole track Let's have that walk So you guys don't recognize this M4 paint. This M4 paint was a paint that I had on a couple cars in the horizon And I uh brought it over here that the energy is all over the sides VVL all up front with the gold and black Coloring So this camera is definitely kind of cool for you guys, I think because you get the chance to see kind of My perspective, you don't get to see the full wheel setup like the handbrake and the shifter I mean you see the handbrake a little bit, but you do get to see the cluster that's conveniently placed right behind my energy wheel so the only thing I don't like is probably the muffled voice sound that's going to be in here because of Me being inside a helmet and I'm still using my snowmobile bike, so And I keep glancing over at my recording software to make sure it's still going So you kind of guys are getting a feel of What it's like when I'm on the sim rig recording in a sense Through my eyes Of course the camera has probably pointed a little bit further down to for you guys to see The wheel setup more whereas I'm looking above the wheel setup at my monitor Oh I mean I could do a full thing where you see exactly what I see but then you won't really see the wheel You'll just see the top of the wheel and That's not pretty cool Because I'm sure you guys want to see the wheel and See the hand movements and the you know the rotation of the wheel and how what's going on with the wheel so That is why It is angled down a little bit It does get pretty warm inside this helmet though, so That is one thing that this uh Camera setup is not good for now. I know other people like Other youtubers that do wheel cams have them like on their chest But they're usually using go-pros I'm using hd cameras wired in through my map so all the software and all the uh Data is all together seamlessly. I don't have to see them together at any point and try and make sure they're not Linked or unlinked at some point where like my steering input on the wheel setup is way off of what the car is actually doing in the game so That is why I do it the way I do it Well I lost that So but let me know what you guys think of this camera style on the helmet. Um Like I said We're just completely locking it up. Like I said, I'm just trying it's something different give you guys a Little bit of taste of what it's like inside me When I'm honest in like doing these videos for you guys Other than the fact that I'm not steering down on my wheel like I said prior. I'm steering at my monitor that's behind The wheel but All right, we're gonna we're gonna go forward this lap That starts Somehow we managed to stay on track because m4 is very forgiving in a sense But I'm just gonna make sure that I sweep this enough To kick it like that.  Oh, I'll get right to grass I mean technically we're still drifting so If we finish this lap with points Then that dirt drop is the only thing that prevented us From drifting this whole track In a drift and sort of that wall So I think we could have one more attempt at that In this m4 So if you guys have liked what you've seen so far once again big Thank you for guys and check out the 1000 subscribers So a big thank you to you guys for reaching, you know 1000 subscribers on the channel A big thank you to everybody who comes back to the channel For some guys who've been here since pretty much day one There was a comment on there from Another youtuber saying, you know, I remember when you had 30 and I remember when I had 30 it wasn't uh Wasn't too long ago that had you know under 100 and I was like I was so excited to hit 100 now We're at a thousand so now it's like where do we go from here? Well, we just keep going up So this episode today Is to get back on four to seven get sideways in an m4 and give you guys a little bit of a different perspective So let me know what you guys think you guys like this perspective perspective can't beat Or do you like the other perspective where it's behind? Behind my shoulder where you can see the seat The handbrake the shifter Everything like that. It gives you the full Real set of or do you like seeing me more up close? and personal with my Wheel and cluster back there Because I think the other view you can't really see the cluster Which is kind of cool add-on because not many people have Digital clusters that they're running. So it's kind of cool add-on to me because I do have it And it does work Here on four to seven All right, so we started to lap over just cap there Okay on the pavement well So we're gonna have one more chance, but one more chance is not gonna help us here in the grass So if you guys like what you're seeing you guys want to see more of this camera Let me know in the comment section down below What you guys like about it when you dislike about it or do you just like in general? If I tell you right now, um Doing a full stream like this A long long long broadcast of my normal live streams are usually like an hour or two Yeah, this wouldn't work out too well what I can't take a drink too It's hot in this helmet This is my helmet that I did race with numerous times, but today this is the last year That it can be used so it will be bulky purpose for something else Because it is out of Stuck rating so in your helmet New season of racing and stuff will have to be purchased So you guys know follow me on facebook twitter instagram all the time sure too much below Like I said, let me know what you guys think about this. This is a test run for you guys to see So if you guys like it dislike it, let me know your feedback is very important to me And it's very important to the content that I bring to you guys if you guys I just got A money symbol which means somebody bought stickers from me. I don't know what stickers are bought So We are going to find out what stickers are bought, but not here on the channel due to privacy of the purchasers We're going to finish this last minute off and we are probably going to end this episode off because It's starting to sweat inside this helmet. So like I said, you know, you follow me on facebook twitter instagram I'll just found the description box below. Let me know what you guys think of this camera if you guys like it Do you dislike it? You just hate it. Does it make me like every other youtuber that does wheelcams? Because if that's the case I don't want to do it I want to kind of differ myself from them in a sense. So Let me know what you guys think Because uh I don't like being the same or doing the same as everybody else like having my own style and my own uh And flares so Until next time guys. I'll thank you guys for watching me to come back to another daily upload More torture fader coming back this week as well as some uh New games to the channel probably and some old games breaking their way back to the channel So until next time guys, I thank you guys for watching. I'm evil rabbit. I'm out


Exercise Bull Shark 23-1 was a personnel recovery interoperability exercise with P-3 observation aircraft that had to ditch in the water and there was four pilots that had gone into an evasion mode, two of which were in the water, two of which were on land. Main takeaway would be the expansion of you know our ability to influence U.S. capabilities and interoperability with our partner forces from a strategic aspect. So the main purpose of the exercise is to test the MOU, sign, and between the Spanish Joint Command and Africa so we can provide mutual support in case of a crash airplane or a gas bag or whatever we have in this area. We try to train as much as we can with Americans, whatever we are operating, we are always looking for this interoperability with the U.S. forces. The Spanish are a good partner force. They invested a lot in the exercise and they were on their game the whole time. If that wasn't the case we wouldn't have had the results that we had. The same with the Djiboushin Coast Guard, it went extremely well and was a win across the board.


How do we create speed? There's two key parts, and we're going to talk about it in this video, so check it out. Everybody, it's Eric Johnson in today's video. We are part three of our rotational shot put 101 series, and one of the things we've been looking at is kind of introducing you to the throw, understanding you have to have a structure. The first video, we started to look at the entry side. Now we're going to look at that thing everybody wants. You want to have that speed. How do you create speed into the middle? And one of the key things is if you messed up that entry, you're going to be toast.  So you have to come into that throw on balance. So we're comparing our throwers one through four. Remember, thrower number one, 10-year-old first day throwing. So the movement is very good for the first day. And as this athlete continues to go on and apply the six pillars, he should continue to have more and more success. When we look at again and we compare and we kind of review and we're staying nice and long and we're getting that foot. Now right here is the drop-in. So let's just focus on thrower number one. You're going to see what we call is our pillar three is we have to drop into the throw. So sometimes there's a drop, right? We don't want to drop. We don't want to turn in place. We want to drive into the ring. So we're rotating and turning and dropping in. And if you don't drop into the throw, you're going to fall, right? And that's what we don't want to have. We're going to fall in the throw too in the rotational throws. If you don't have the axis set up on the entry and drop it into the throw, the hip falls to the side. You're basically trying to turn and you're falling into the throw. And that is going to put you off balance. And it's then you're going to be decelerating. You can't increase your speed. So if you apply speed, even when you're falling, can you kind of potentially salvage that? Right. But it's a salvage. It's not an optimization of your technical positions. Therefore you're going to be losing distance. So when we look at thrower number one and we see him, he's dropping here, you're going to see that nice little turn right there. You see that knee kind of hinge. And now he's just passed nine and he's pushing that knee in. So he's moving everything into the direction of the throw. You're seeing this, right? Now, the thing that this thrower is going to be learning in is back in our entry. We didn't talk a whole lot about the sweep leg. We just talked about kind of the position of where it comes up. But we are going to be learning how to keep this leg active and open and keep those knees at. And so right here is where you set in and you kind of create that wide sweep. So again, this athlete has been throwing for literally a matter of hours. You got a pretty nice position. He's not entirely sure how to use that left side yet. So you'll notice his left arms a little bent a little early, but he's got a pretty good sweep. It goes a little narrow. But again, for day one, right? This is really, really good movement. And you're going to notice right here that that foot keeps moving. And so he's not quite over rotating. He's pushing and his hips are moving, which is real good. So what we're going to be doing is coming into pillar three, we drop in, we're creating speed. Now, what are we going to do? We don't want to just keep blowing past the middle. We've got to get this guy, he's got to wrap in his arm. So that's where you see kind of this arm come in here. And you want to see that you see the right side and the left side kind of come together so that you can accelerate rotation. And then you're going to come open long again, you're going to see how this arm comes out. I've always talked about creating that long path and position. And that's going to be key. So as the thrower comes through, he can keep turning, but he's again coming off of being a glider. So he's used to kind of pushing instead of rotating all the way through and getting that side so he can push behind it. So now, if you just kind of back it up a little bit, we're going to kind of connect how that dropping in and applying speed and the rewrap affects that length through the finish, right? You see that again, when we look here, what's going to be the key is do we push the knee? We have to be driving in. And this is where we talk about that if the upper body opens too much, you're creating rotational speed, you're going to be just rotating in place and you're not going to be driving in. So it's a combination of creating an angular, rotational, linear position, right? And that's why this is tricky because you've got to learn how all that puts together. And so when we look at thrower number four, you're going to see how he's going to come around. You're going to see how the lower body is really moving this way. He's got a nice left foot. He's got a nice sweep leg path is starting to be established. And you're going to see how that leg kind of comes up. And then he's out here nice and wide. And you're going to see how he kind of opens this around. Now, if you looked at best male throwers in the world, you've looked at Joe Kovacs, Tom Walsh, Ryan Krauser, Darlin Romani, when you look at those four guys, each of them are doing essentially the same sort of mechanics. There's some key nuances, differences. Walsh and Krauser and Kovacs and Romani, they're all going to stop that arm and they're going to do what we're showing you here in this pillar four position. So when you watch this and you drop in, you see like this, this thrower number four, you're going to see how he creates that rewrap right there. And so what we're looking for with the rewrap is we want to create this nice vertical axis and the closer this shoulder can be to this line, the more torqued up the upper body. Now when I say that we're never trying to keep the upper body or the shot back, we've always taught rotate the right side around into the left side. And so we're creating this line between the two sides. And that's the key. We're not trying to hold the shot back, we're trying to accelerate. So we're bringing the left side and the right side together to create faster acceleration. So when we look here, like this is again our thrower in week one, thrower number two, you notice he does that he does a pretty good job of creating his rewrap, right?   And then you're going to notice thrower number three, same thing right here. You can see when we put him in position and we go right here, you're going to notice that his shoulder is actually kind of the furthest away, right? We want to be more in this position. So by the time we're there, so when we get it and we get that left arm here, you're going to see how it's opening just a touch. So this is going to be factors that are related to what are we doing? We're dropping in and how we attacking the throw. So thrower number three, he's got his chest open a little too much to the throw. And so therefore it's going to pull him into the throw and it's going to create a little bit of shift to come through. So here's the thing that we're going to focus on. We are trying to teach how do we move the sweep leg in our pillar three and how do we have? So if we have everything lengthened, we're going to feel the long path. The left arm goes short. The sweep leg tends to go short. So let's look at thrower number two real quick. And so you're going to see he's got a pretty good long path and then the upper body starts to follow the arm a little too much. Whereas if you look at throwers two, three and four together, right? Watch when we go back and we look at three. So see how we're all basically at this point here. And now watch two. He's upper body starts to lead. Whereas you notice three and four are continuing the long path and they're not allowing the shoulders to turn. They're turning the arm. And this is a really important cue for you guys. So as you do that now, how are we going to do that and how are we going to break that down? This is where again, inside the throwing chain reaction, we go through this in detail and we really break down specific drills and we start putting it together in pieces and we put it back together in what we call pillar connection. And then we apply it to our throwing and we're always being able to find the individual areas that need the most attention. Your throw is going to be the result of your weakest link. And so if you can get all of your links in your chain, nice and strong, your throw is going to become really good. And then you're going to be working on elite level stuff before you know it. So again, pillar three, we're going to feel that push. We want to stay, we're going to be driving off of this leg, keeping this leg on a wide rotational path and having this leg, this left arm and the sweep leg kind of countering. Then they're going to kind of wrap together. We're going to be closing things up to create speed. That's what we, especially in the shot, the discus, it's a different animal. We have to stay long and counter the implement. And then we're going to be moving into our power position. But this is the key. When we can be fast, we got the right path here and we push. And then as everything closes up, increases acceleration and balance is better. And that's how you're going to set up a really sweet power position and feel that real comfortable position of just smacking the crap out of the shot. It's going to feel really, really good. And that's the goal. So remember, go back and look at the previous videos. If you didn't see it, especially video number two, where we talk about the entry and now we're talking about our pillar three, four, and then there's very specific drills and ways to identify what you need to do in each pillar. That's what the throwing chain reaction system is all about. So hopefully that helped you guys today. Be sure to follow, like our page. Be sure to subscribe, hit that thumbs up, give us a comment below. We will see you guys on the next video.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jasmine's casebreaks.com coming at you with 2012-13 Panini select basketball hobby edition one box random pack break number one Big thanks to now. We sold 14 spots We're gonna put 14 on each of these packs right there gonna randomize your names and match you up with a pack Look at these rookies that were chasing remember they combine those two rookie classes together And there the vets right there Yeah, brave to do a good job today, Tristan big. Thanks to these folks right here for getting now You can win a free pack if you bought a spot a full spot So if you bought a full spot, you got a chance to win a spot and only three people want to take advantage of that promo So now you have a one in three chance Chris Richard and Kevin for that So let's see who wins the bonus spot After 11 times name on top after 11 extra spot extra pack one two three four five six seven eight Ten and 11 then final time after 11. It's Kevin. There you go 11 For Kevin Kevin 11 All right, let's get your name here. There's the bonus pack right there now Let's grab everybody's names right here and put you into this blank list here And there's the packs one through 14 right here Now first what I'm gonna do is I've got a number of the packs so just to add a complete layer of randomization so Good luck this group here. We're gonna now I actually printed out so I don't have to mark them with marker So it looks a little more sharp Right, so I've got all the numbers right here Through 14 we only have one of these boxes just laying around. I mean, I'm these boxes are Incredibly desirable. All right, here we go slice this open There we go. We've got the Kobe pack right here Which what are the descriptions say if it doesn't say anything? We'll just randomize that to one person in the group. All right Kobe pack not mentioned So we're gonna randomize that to the one person in the break at the end There are the first seven All right, and there's the 14th pack right there. So it's all it's all official Now let's randomize your names and a pack numbers. There are your names There the pack numbers right there Let's roll it. Let's randomize it four and a three seven times for names and pack numbers Good luck one two three four five Six and seventh and final time after seven we've got Adam down to Chris Four and a three once again seven times for the pack numbers one two three four five six and Seven and final time after seven times we've got two Down to eight. All right, so there's the group right there Adam with two Kevin with three your bonus pack Brendan with nine Michael with 12 Richard with 14 Matthew with six Josh with one Brendan with 10 and 13 Brian with five Kevin with seven Billy with 11 Josh with four and Chris with eight Now here's we're just to make this easier on me I'm gonna alphabetize this and go in alphabetical order I think that just makes it easier for me to organize where all those packs go All right, so remember Kevin has three and seven sometimes I just kind of like to spot check that to make sure it's and it randomizes, right? So there's three and seven right there now I'm gonna print these labels out from the label maker so I can put them on the team bags So that'll make it nice and organized for our shipping team. So Stand by just a second here. I know right with rolling all these sevens and elevens I don't feel leavens are as good the sevens if there's We don't have anything on the point I'm just rolling sevens from the get-go. Everyone's on the pass line That's how it works. All right There's that group Right there. So Adam with pack two That's the only pack you have you're up first They're packed to for Adam. No whammies. No whammies. No whammies. It's Paul Pierce Monta Ellis we got Perry Jones Glenn Davis Eric Bledsoe and DeMarcus cut look how young DeMarcus cousins look there There he is. All right. So nothing too crazy there. Please you have pack 11 There you go, Billy. Good luck. You won that spot David West Got Al Horford We got Jonas Valenchunis Nate Robinson Carmelo Anthony and Bill Russell look how young Carmelo looks here He was already Is this would this be considered rookie Carmelo if it's 2011 2012? This set gets a little confusing They combined 11 and 12 No, no, no, he was he was born around long before that I was such a weird here confusing myself here All right, I was that was that that was one of his first years with New York is what I was thinking I think he went there the that season or maybe They were traded the season before something like that. All right, there's Brenton with pack 9 and he also has pack 10 and 13 9 10 13 9 10 13 I Know I just I just had a I just had a JR Smith moment there Guess just to me life life for Carmelo didn't start until he was in New York. I guess That's that's what my brain was thinking Jevelle McGee Jason kid silver Antoine Jameson OJ Mayo Tyson Chandler Taj Gibson silver D Wade There's Anthony Davis There you go. Hot rookies Anthony Davis the hot rookies insert and a Mo Williams right there All right, Brenton so a couple silvers and a Hot rookies insert for Anthony of Anthony Davis champion. All right, Brenton Thank you very much. Not not too shabby at all right there We got Brian with pack 5 That 80 is about a hundred hundred fifty bucks as Oliver Nancy Morrow marquee Speets and Corey Joseph Rookie prism autographs. I know that's expired expired expired expired cool But talk to pinini they usually they usually Try to get something back for you Brian. I don't know where Corey Joseph Where he went to back in the day Remember Corey Joseph went back in 20 I don't remember either Jazz maybe Chris P pack 8 no one in the chat say anything so the chat chat is baffled to This was what was his rookie What was the team was drafted by basically nice palges all KG Boston edition We got all-star Chris Weber Wilson Chandler Aaron Aflalo and Patrick Ewing The Austin Toros All right, Josh, you've got a couple packs here You pack some still playing Good for him All right packs one and four for you Josh both packs you won so congrats Gorin draguage Steve Blake and Kyrie Irvin Shane baddie al jefferson and Walt Frazier, I know the reflection is a little Little rear right here Paul George We've got Oscar Robertson Taj Gibson Magic Johnson and Bernard King All right, so Josh nothing crazy there, but you got that Kyrie insert to open those blasters pretty soon All right. Thanks, Josh Kevin I know you got a couple packs here You've got you've got packs seven and three There's seven. There's three three is your bonus pack. Here's your pack that you got straight up You got Jeremy Lynn Nick young and for the thunder 341 out of 399 we got Jersey and auto Reggie Jackson Then we got Courtney Lee Kevin McHale and Kyle Lowry All right, let's see what's in your bonus pack. Thanks for grabbing a spot straight up and congrats again for winning We got Vince Carter. We got a silver Joe Johnson Brooklyn Nets there it's base Joe Johnson LeBron James Nice John Wall and John Havlicek. Look at that. That's Miami edition of LeBron James. He beat his old team Nice there you go in a silver Joe Johnson as well Nice Kevin. All right a few more packs to go Base that base LeBron going for about a hundred bucks as Oliver pretty nice Matthew You've got pack six Good luck There's Raymond Felton LeBron James silver. What does that go for then? Evan Turner to white Howard Walt Bellamy and Mono Genobley So Oliver just looked it up base LeBron goes for a hundred silver LeBron goes for Four that's a really nice Matthew Shira. Congrats Last sale a thousand dollars plus Raw that's awesome. Actually, I need to take a picture of that. We'll have to pack that up in a little bit Michael Hansen 12 raw says Ryan H Ross is Oliver. Oh crazy Michael H you've got Rookie Evan for me a jersey and autograph rookie jersey and autograph Always nice to get rookies out of here He's still around 102 to 299, right? Where's Evan for me a right now? Or Len all right, there you go Michael and last but not least is Richard Ferretta spot a spot straight up got pack 14. Good luck Magics yeah, Ryan and Jose saying magic. There's Russell Westbrook Chauncey billips and For the calves It's gonna be Dion waiters rookie autograph There you go a hit 122 to 149 and we got Ricky Rubio, Ty Lawson and DeMartha Rosen nice Pretty excellent stuff. There you go Richard and Everyone's got a shot at the Kobe pack Which we will ship to you sealed as well. You can open it if you want to you can Sell it if you want to and Dion waiters is a champion. Yes. All right, let's grab everybody's names here Let's put them in the list here. Let's roll it Let's randomize it four and a three seven times name on top after seven gets the Kobe pack Kobe one two three four five six and I said seven right yep one more seventh and final time. It's Michael Hansen. There you go Michael At bonus pack going your way. I'm Joe for jaspys casebreak.com. Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking with us We'll see you next time for the next one. Bye. Bye