Hi Anthony, hi everyone as Anthony has mentioned my name is Clara. I'm a second year of math with economic student at UCL. And I am half Spanish half Namibian I was born I grew up in Namibia but my parents are Spanish. And you know it's a privilege to be here today and share any insight that might be valuable for you. I will answer your question the reason for why helping women, I mean, it just stands on to wanting to help other people when you help people people want to help you. And I guess my journey into finance was very, I was very lucky I must say I started my first year of university, you know, mainly studying math, I had no idea about the finance industry. I started coming up in a small town in Africa and then you know in Spain, neither in Spain or Namibia. It's not a financial hub so finance wasn't the thing in my mind. But I started first year of uni and everyone was like super competitive like I hadn't even started in classes yet and like it was like, you have LinkedIn do you have your cover letter do you have your CV and I was like, I don't even know I need all of this in the first place. I mean, I decided to get involved in many societies join many random societies make lots of people, and perhaps one of the societies I like the most because of the people and the students was UCI woman finance society. I had a few older students that were really kind to me, they offered me a position as first year representative, and that's kind of how I began being a bit curious about the finance industry. And that's when I started doing my research and into finance and I realized that because I was in a four year course. I wasn't eligible to apply to spring weeks. So that okay I will figure that whole process out next year I'm going to first you know focus on my degree and I'll just focus on math and understanding everything. But towards like October November UCI woman finance hosted this amazing event with a really inspiring woman from BMP. And she was this really senior lady. And from, and it was like I think it was on a Monday so I wasn't very sure if I wanted to attend or not, but it was my friend who was organizing and I was okay, let me just go and support the course. So it was on a Monday afternoon the senior lady from BMP coming in to give a talk on zoom, we were literally five women in the room, only five. So it was a very one to one conversation. Turns out that this lady also studied math in UCL and I really just felt inspired by her. I didn't know much about what she was doing didn't really understand much about markets, but I felt inspired by this woman right and I think that's something that's been very crucial to me that way I can actually see that there's really like higher woman up there that you know have a solid career but they also have you know a family and they can manage both was something that really intrigued me because I want both in the end right. So she encouraged me to apply to spring weeks, and I went in applying to spring weeks not knowing the difference between markets and banking, I just do it because I like the woman. Oh, I felt super inspired. So that's what I did. I think sometimes, well, 98% of things in life comes through that hard work and discipline, and you know motivation for what you're doing. And then 2% is luck, and that was my 2% of luck meeting this woman and applying. So I got through the process joined the springs, and I really enjoyed it. And that's kind of how my career and finance started inspired by by this lady and forming part of a community, I think it's really important as well. Because in the end when you talk to students and I talked to girls, we're all going through the same thing we all feel very intimidated very lost. I feel like you're good enough, and that sometimes can put you off, but talking to other women and other girls, you realize you're not alone. And if you really wanted, then you just have to be willing to put yourself out there. So forming part of this community and meeting this one was great. And after I joined the springs. I really enjoyed it. I enjoyed talking to so many people from different roles from different desks. And I guess this could be a no potential career for me. And that's why I decided to take up the summer analyst program at amplified because as I said, I had no idea about finance. Even during the spring weeks I still didn't understand the difference between markets and banking and I was okay. If I want to do this I should actually start from the basis, and that was really fundamental for me. And actually through the summer program I met a few other girls. I think Gabriela Flavia they were also you were interviewing them for me they've been fundamental Flavia has been such a great mentor and also seen another woman study older than me that's gone through the process before and having her mentor me and help me has been really fundamental and pushing me and making me go forward. So I guess the whole reason for helping women is because I've been helped by women in the first place right and I feel that kind of like my responsibility that the little I know and the little advice I can give off right on. And yeah it's just been I'm still in the journey of learning and very excited to do so. So, where did your confidence come from because you, you know you talk about, you know, having discipline and being persistent and being tenacious and like all these other kind of characteristics but a lot of people find that very hard to be that way like where where's that come from for you. I mean, I don't know. I must say that confidence depends on the day there's days that you're just on top of the world and you feel like you can do anything and you know you're gonna smash life and you can do it.  And I think it's so really important to be aware of the fact that it's okay to sometimes be like that. And then those days where you're just not feeling it and you feel like you're not going to be able to do anything. Just fake it, you know just push through just keep your eye on the prize and what you want to do and, and you know that phrase fake until you make it that has been so fundamental to everything I do. I guess, you know discipline hard work. I don't know I think it's been a lot in my education how my parents brought me up from a young age I think around the age of four or five I started doing rhythmic gymnastics, which has been really you know, has been fundamental in developing me as a person. I guess we train for many hours every day Monday to Saturday we also competed. I guess that's really helped me and shaped me and my mindset so I know that hard things and objectives and goals that you really want don't come easily. Sometimes we're not patient with ourselves really accustomed to living in a world where things come now right we snap our fingers we go on the internet we have access to information now. We can answer people now right but hard things and challenges don't come easily and they don't come now so I think it's very important to first of all be aware of being patient with yourself and that's something that gymnastics told me that, you know, if you just slightly more flexible the next day, then it's a win it's fine you know just continue, you know the power of compounding is fundamental. I think discipline as well has helped me especially with you know when you don't feel like you're good enough or you're not like you know you're not going to be able to achieve anything just be disciplined with yourself and continue doing what you're doing every single day. I think sometimes people overlook the power of day to day work because we're so lost in that future objective and what we want to achieve in five to 10 years time right but don't forget about today, you know, every day is a new beginning and it can be so powerful that if you're consistent in that way, you can achieve anything. And then I guess confidence well you know just comes up and down. I think it's very important to be honest with yourself and understand what you're good at and what you're not.  Like, you know, like your life doesn't end in one day, you just continue and continue trying if that's something you really want. When you're having these like meetings with your societies, or you're in the various different forms that you're involved in, like how much of the general conversations are around more of the mindset and getting people in the right state of mind, rather than the technical side of things. Unfortunately, not so much. And I think that's one of the problems that people feel that they're not allowed to talk about these things they have to. I mean, coming into uni, I must say that I felt very intimidated.  And there's thousands of people that are so competitive so prepared that are smarter or better or know in any sense better than you. And that can be intimidating. And I think that's sometimes why it puts girls off to apply because they just feel they're not good enough. But I think it's very, and not only they don't feel they're not good enough but they're not allowed to voice it they're not allowed to voice their fears because everyone seems like they have everything under control when I think more often than not we're all just struggling with our own life and struggling to know fit our priorities in and make the most of them. And unfortunately it's not something that has been voiced that much. Actually recently we had this HSBC event that you participated in. And after the event we've got really good feedback and throughout campus lots of girls stopped me and said, Thank you so much because I felt very inspired and you know, actually forming part of a community and noticing that we're all the same level has really motivated them to apply in the future to HSBC and other firms. So, I think we should definitely make a push to talk more about imposter syndrome, and more about failure and the fact that it's not as dramatic as it seems like we should not be drama queens that we've all failed. And the thing is, you only need that one shot at success, right, if you fail nine out of the 10 times you just need once, once you succeed that's enough. So, I think it's very important to, you know, relativize all of this, the fact that you're not good enough that you're not, you're not perfect that you make mistakes, it's fine. And, and that's something that my team and I have been trying to push a lot to open up the dialogue and the conversation. And now just make everyone aware that we're all in the same boat actually. I'm sure you wouldn't mind me saying that I'll share your LinkedIn profile with anywhere we share this video and I'm sure that doesn't matter if you're UCL or not. It's, it's just important, I think, for the communities to work to work together for the better. But tell me a little bit about what's happening in the summer then so where are you where are you heading and what's the plan. So in the summer, I'll be joining BMP within global markets so I'm really, really excited. I mean, I can't believe that I'm here in London, you know, starting to work having the opportunity to learn. I haven't yet chosen my guess but you know I've been talking to many analysts and the more I talk to people the more interested I am in the role. For example, the other day I talked about to my buddy he's in a high yours credit it sounds super interesting to me and then another analyst who is right now in the private structuring private credit structuring this also sounds really interesting so I'll be joining BMP hoping to make a tip on that point alone. Those other people you just mentioned how did you find them with a UCL working on LinkedIn or my buddy I just got paired with him. Like through the whole spring like a summer process, I guess, in many summer internships you get paired with a buddy. And I guess my number one advice is make the most of your body because he's there or she's there to want to help you. And I guess asking him asking his advice about what roles he thought would be, you know, good for me. He introduced me to his friend who's in the private credit structuring this and then I talked to him and it sounded really interesting. So, I think, coming in when you think about networking it can be very intimidating because you think about these people as if they're robots right they're analysts working at BMP and you can't bother them and you don't have sufficient technical knowledge to ask them anything. But actually they're people and I think it's very important to keep in mind that people connect with people and everybody independently of their job has hobbies has a family has has other things has a life right. So, you know, coming in with that basis and connecting with that sense very important. And I guess I was being very lucky that no matter who I reached out to on LinkedIn. They have been very kind very open, very willing to just go on a call and you know talk to me and tell me stuff. Even if it's 15 minutes of their time that for me that's been invaluable. And I think that's important to be aware of that people actually do want to help.  Yeah, it's amazing. Well, look, I mean it's been great to great to catch up. I think you know your enthusiasm your passion, your authenticity I think are amazing and I'm sure it's going to hold you a very good stead. Not just now, but your future career so I'm happy to be part of that journey with you so yeah thank you Clara for joining me and yeah, I'll speak to you again next time. Well thank you so much Anthony it's been a great privilege to talk to here today. And as Anthony as mentioned just feel free to reach out to me link it in I'd be happy to try and help in anyway. Thank you so much. You're amazing. Thank you Clara.


Entrepreneurship Tuesday is the day and we are going to have a talk on Mata's entrepreneurship, particularly on savings and investment. For this particular discussion, we have an expert our financial advisor and she goes by the name Nora Vihanda and she will introduce herself. Karri, was I a Nora? Thank you very much. Glad to have you with us. All right. So tell us a little bit about what you do as a financial advisor or who is Nora? Yeah. Thank you for welcoming me in 1984. I'm glad. Yeah. So I am a financial advisor and we look in ways that we can make our people to live in a comfortable and peaceable way. Yeah. The future depends on what you are doing right now. So we are going to talk in areas, how do we invest? How do we conquer this situation that we are having currently like in Kenya? Yeah. Yes. So, yeah, we'll definitely get into into all of that. And for stats, let's tell us what's the difference between savings and investment because sometimes it's easily, you know, confused to be the same thing. Yeah. So today we will talk in a layman's language, what is savings and what is investment so that everyone can get to understand, am I in a level of saving or am I in a level of investment? So let me begin with saving. Saving, it's that person, maybe you've gotten your employment, like teachers, like police officers, you've gotten it to employment, you need to start saving for a better future. That is in short. And when we talk about investment, investment is commitment of resources. So you see commitment of resources that you got through saving. Okay. For future benefits again. So life is like, we are moving step by step to achieve the better. Yes. So that's the difference. Saving is the first step to before you even get to investment. Yes. So you save little by little until you're able to invest that money into some things that will sustain you in the future into something that will bring you back the money, right? Yes. All right. So talk to us. Let's start. We'll talk about, you know, investment in the different areas of life. Well, let's start with investing as a youth or saving as a youth. In this tough economic time that we are in, we just saw thousands and thousands of NYS graduates going for KDF recruitment, which was only taking around 300 people only. And we had thousands of them going, it speaks a lot on the state of the country. So many people aren't employed. And those that are employed, they're those that really get small wages that they barely, you know, make it to the next day. They're only trying to survive.  So how exactly can they go about saving and investing? All right. With savings and investment, one thing you have to do is planning and making the right decision. Making the right decision as a youth, you have to be with a mentor. That is the first thing. Who should be your mentor? A mentor is a person who has succeeded more than you, a person whom you cannot compete with, a person whom you can respond to what you are doing, so that we start, at least we have targets and where to start about what you are speaking about, the recruitment of the KDF. And in fact, I saw it and you see, it is a, it speaks more about a country and youths are in the state of depression and desperation. So we have to come out with the ideas. We have to make sure that our people understand that there are things that we should do. We have talents. We have to mentor our talents. We have businesses. It's not a must.  There are ways you can start employing yourself. Then also in this tough economic situation, you do what we call multitasking. That is what you are going to aim at because you cannot tell me maybe you are in employment, you are getting 40,000 and that is what all you are looking at. Then you will, tomorrow, because every day you grow, someone grows from small troubles to bigger troubles. The more you grow, the more troubles you have. The more you grow, the more the basket of trouble really needs. It wants to blast. Okay. Yeah. So that's why our youths, we are still young and our brains are still very sharp for the youth. The brains are still very sharp. Use this particular time to sit back and one factor I usually look at, I use that love reading. If you read their books also you can read and they will help you alongside having a mentor. Yes. Okay. Yes. So main things that you've mentioned, have a mentor, someone who's more experienced, who has gone ahead of you. Yes. Have different streams of income. Don't just settle for one thing. Yes. And you've mentioned 40,000. For some that is everything. That is a dream. And it's comfortable. So they need to aim higher. Yes. Because as we grow, the more problems become a mother, you become a father, you have the health issues involved when the older you get and everything. So we need to be well-planned at this point before we get to an age where we will retire or something where we are elderly. And we're going to talk about the elderly also. So now what kind of a plan as a youth? Can you sit down? Can you just map out a plan? In terms of saving, how much would you be saving in a day if you're really earning something like 20,000? That's the most basic pay for most youth. So if you're earning something around 20,000 or 30,000, how do you save for it? That's a good question. And I usually like such questions. When you are doing a savings plan, the first thing you must look at is the income that is coming. Something that is coming inside your pocket. What has come today? Don't just say my salary is like 30,000 or 40,000. Because diversification of incomes, there are also some incomes that come apart from the salary. Okay. Every 10% and that one someone should write somewhere. Every 10% of your earning is not your money to waste. Majorly we find youths and young people like me and you. We are very young by the way. Yes, we are. Yeah. So you find that the hypers that we have on beauty, on maybe foodstuffs, like let's talk about the hamburger, the chicken and the pizza and everything. So you find that we don't know we should invest. My mentor is a millionaire. Okay. He's a multimillionaire. Okay. I need such mentors. Please locate me. That's why you have to give them also my contests. My mentor, I was looking at the way he is reacting and interacting with people and himself. Then one day in the morning, we came to our office and after a while, after I was out of the office, we were feeling like hungry. He told me, Nora, come, let's go down where my car is. He has like good cars. Let me not mention the names. Good cars. Not one German machine. Okay. So in the vehicle, there is porridge. Wow. Good porridge. That is a multimillionaire. A multimillionaire. Then look at a poor millionaire who is earning $20,000 in a hotel. I love that. Eating pizza. I love that. A poor millionaire earning $20,000. The potential is there.  And he was talking to me, was telling me, Nora, don't work with people you are going to compete. And first of all, study the things that you are going to be doing. Study the priority. Prioritize. This is where I'm going to start. For instance, I'm a youth. I'm going to save 10% of every income that I earn. I'm going to save. Then I'm going to give myself a target. My target is not going to be like two years. Youths, we run. We have hypers. We run. We run and we fail. And then we start blaming ourselves. There is no one who can be with you. There is no one who can be with you. But you can be with yourself with how you think you can be with yourself. So my mentor told me, the first thing you should prioritize in life because you are a young person by land.  Maybe you get a rich man. He did not tell me like that.  And in fact, for those girls that really want to invest, that's the first thing. And in fact, we have started the same project somewhere in Kisumu. It's not something that we are speaking. We are speaking what we are doing. We want to walk step by step. In as much as we are going to, when you step at, for instance, let me talk about the youth that are 20 years and 30 years like me, we are going to step the fourth level. At least that level, they usually say life begins at 40. At 40, you must have stabilized everything. At least you have your own land. You have your own land. And in fact, if you can manage having it early, at 40, you'll be driving a nice car. But don't compete. That is the problem over. Don't rush to buy a car because someone has it. My mentor told me one thing. Buying a vehicle as a priority is something which is very good, but it depreciates every day. But when you have land, then you have a vehicle. You see, that one is going to grant you more opportunities because you have peace of mind. You have built your house. You have stabilized everything. That is what is in progress.  It gets somewhere fast. Okay, interesting. And saving is 10%. So this is aside from for Kristian's typing, 10% for savings. Yes. After taxation and everything. If you are taking 10% to your pastor, and okay, okay, it's something which is very good. But sometimes our guys be cautious. We are youths. And let us talk. Speaking about youth, then we'll come to our elderly people. We understand what we have for them. For our youths, kindly. Because we have been lured so many times. When you take your money to the church, for instance, after you pay your tithes, that is something which is very good.  Someone asked me somewhere, will you take everything that you own to the church? Then tomorrow you'll start begging on the street. Look at it in such like ways. Then we understand. Let us have notebooks. Write down all the expenses that you are incurring every month. Then also when you are going to do purchases in a supermarket, make sure you buy things in a supermarket. For instance, when you get your salary, buy them at once. Write down, then buy them at once. Make sure, if there is anything you are going to buy, maybe you are living in Nairobi, in Nimbogatu. That is the only thing you can say, I'm going to buy. Yeah, sort of buy sugar at the shop. Because it's more expensive there, right? It's more expensive. But when you buy ones at the supermarket, then you will start planning your money slowly by slowly. And for the people that really want to walk us with us step by step, because you should have someone you can respond to. This is what I'm doing. Yeah. So when you get such like a person, you get motivated, then your progress will be faster. Because you will be sharing, even when you fail, you will be open and share out, okay, I did this one and I failed. Then if it's your minder, or maybe someone you are working with, step by step will tell you, no, this one should be handled in such a way. Yes. So it's good to have a mentor who will keep you accountable. Yes. All right. That's quite interesting. So as youths, we do not have an excuse of not saving, get less of what we earn, whatever it is, because there are many opportunities that we can get into. What about now, the elderly? What is there for them? For the elderly people, we have majorly our elderly men and women. These are people with money already. But sometimes, or maybe these are people approaching retirement. And we usually also talk about retirement in a way that you don't misuse your money. Don't misuse your money, because this is money. This is like your last money. Okay, this is like you are living your last time. And every old person, when I interact with the old people, I really love interacting with them because they are peaceable. They just don't want any friction with anyone. Another lecturer is around 58 years old. He told me Nora, I wish you would be going and expressing to people how your financial team has helped us, because it's something we grow, we grow together step by step. And some lecturers at UON, it was at Apakabete campus and also our neighbor here at Nairobi University. So one lecturer from Apakabete campus was asking me Nora, if there is a story you should go and tell, is explain to people the importance of investment and how it has helped me individually and also my family. Yes, because through having a financial manager in life, he achieved his children right now, they are in the States. How did they do it? It started slowly.  Not only that, when we speak about investment, we are going also to speak about the retirement benefits, because right now he is nearly retiring just two years. He will be home and there is a good amount of money, a lump sum. But he's going to receive. He's going to receive. Sometimes you don't know where you'll take this money and sometimes there are some teachers, they did not have a capacity to get financial advisors. So they have come out and even right now when they are getting this information, they are shocked because they are retiring. Now what can we do? One thing, because it's about your money when you are going to retire, I usually tell people, when you get your job today, know that in the next few years you are going to retire. So what are you going to do with this money that you are going to be given as a lump sum? Are you going to invest in buying vehicles? That is small money. If you buy vehicles, then you start frustration. You'll die. So what are you supposed to do with the money you get? Now I'll show them away whereby they invest their money. Their money will work for them. Work for them? How so? Yeah, then they will be earning the returns either annually or monthly or quarterly. So that one will is about them getting in touch with me, getting the contacts because there is no need.  And he has been sitting in a class teaching the rest of his or her life. It's not good. It's not advisable. What you do with that money, you look for a financial advisor who will work with you step by step.  Tell us a little bit. What is it? Where are the good areas that someone can invest in as a retiree when you retire so that it makes money for you? Right. That's a good question. And they have to get in touch with me because we have the bonds. Yeah, we have the money market. We have other investment areas that strategically I'll have to show someone according to the stages that someone is undergoing or maybe what she has. Okay, interesting. But even before that, just the general understanding of you into this investment area that you have mentioned, that we have T bonds, T bills, we have money markets, especially those three for youth even. How important is it to invest in those and how much do they take in for T bonds? How long does it take to mature? Which one is the best to take between the three and how does it benefit one? For our youth, one thing because I know the incomes of our youth in Kenya is wanting. We will speak about saving and there are places that you can save your money and you get small returns, which sometimes makes our youth feel like, oh my God, what am I doing? But when you get in touch with me, I'll show you how to make your money grow very fast and security and peace of mind. We want you to mention a little bit before they get in touch with you for someone who might not be able to and they're watching this because it will be uploaded on YouTube later on later on. So how you know just give us some tips into into those areas. We are going to do this for our youth. We are going to have plans that we start will split them into either four years, five years, ten years and those plans they are going to get money. For instance, maybe there is a use that wants to marry after four years. I'll show you a way that you'll get dowry money and pocket those two as they you know them with the suits they when they come they respect you. I'll show them what to do. So we will work with them because right now I'm having a team of 15 boys. Those are boys. I have a team of nine girls and they have started okay last year there are few who started last year and the others who began this year and in fact they are responding very well. They are responding very well. The only thing is for Boy Child and they have suffered a lot by sending fare my dear you know that. You've suffered a lot Boy Child. For this reason I come to you and I'm going to secure your money. So wherever you are listening to me Boy Child please get in touch with me. Your money need to be invested. You need to save so that we invest in future. Your future needs you. You be the man of tomorrow. So get in touch. Yeah. Do we have platforms but I still get to the T-Bills. I don't know for someone who's adding good money as a youth we don't want to ignore them. You know they can also get into something but do we have applications or softwares where someone can track their expenses in order to make sure that they you know that they are well disciplined in terms of managing their expenses and creating a good savings culture or do you recommend just you know taking noting a plan and you know writing down your expenses every now and then because I know sometimes you buy credit you might not record that down. So do we when we have other applications that you would recommend or something. All right you you just talked very well. What I have told you and I repeat it again when you are doing your monthly expenditure do it once when you know very well you are spending like a credit 2000 credit like me in a month I spend like 2500 I buy it once. So that month whenever the credit will end that is the end of communication and maybe maybe it is an emergency you see because we talk too much for financial advisors we talk too much and we call too much you see and sometimes we call people just to greet them also you have to give them peace of mind because you find maybe some people they have maybe problems and there is no one who can listen to you so we give them the peace of mind okay yeah that's a good double up almost as a counselor but yeah I get your point all right so now for people who are earning good money as youths because we have youths who have you know who are running businesses we also have those that have they have good employment how do they invest in the treasury bills, bonds and you know money market. That one they have to get in touch with me you have to give them my contact right now because investing in treasury bonds for those people who have good money it will help them and also maybe someone wants to to start maybe like building a mortgage somewhere or something like that one maybe and you really want time maybe you'll do it in December and you have some money with you I'll show you how to you keep your money in a place that it's earning for you yeah there are platforms that will help you but getting in touch with someone whom you can be accountable to is priority because everyone will come and everyone may be all right it's not easy to get someone who will work with you step by step as I will do to my listeners so that's why I'm not mean but I have to so it's not highly confidential information just that you want to guide them through it I just want to guide them because you know when you create a rapport with your listeners maybe you are like the way we are with you right now when we talk with you you will understand me I have already understood you you see so we will start walking step by step and understanding what can we do there's those people also that wants to serve for education of their children yeah and there is what we call fear of the unknown the fears that our parents had is what made us understand that people rich people are bad people isn't it what do you know about rich people what do you apparently tell you about the rich rich people they are illuminate so it's the wrong perception it's a wrong perception so we have to get into understanding and they know how to to see that money by the way money can speak for you even when your voice is not there okay yeah clearly yeah it does I agree yeah and for instance maybe you are a young man and maybe you are just married couples for instance maybe your husband paid dowry very well and every month he usually greet your parents you see and you know what I mean when I say greetings you cannot agree without a person number but it has to rain so uh then uh who is questioned the parents call you they call you what are you doing sit down call pasta they even want to involve pasta very fast because they're not really well typical African parents it will be hectic if that girl comes from that house it will be hectic but when you don't have something when you call you call your parents well I think it depends but it's good it is there it actually happens some for for others it's bad culture because some people are beaten you know in some marriages and parents tell them couple couple which is not really really good but uh in others that can be solved and it's a good thing that they do and money inspires that as you've said rightfully put it finally um let's talk about debt youths are in debt because um of one reason or the other you're making money but you know making enough so you get a debt with then you when you get paid you pay the debt and get another one you know becomes a sort of a bad culture so how do they work it out now our youths right now there's something that I want to question every youth that is listening to me kindly please don't try to take the phone debts I'm repeating it once more despite the fact that it's someone's business but it's a question if you really want to have peace of mind because the interest are suicidal true yes my youths kindly and whenever you have debts with uh for instance uh digital money lenders yes digital money lenders pay them because they're going to blacklist you and in future you really need to have a record a good record or statement to to show off in other banks that I'm someone who can take a four million you can take like eight million and I invest this money and when I invest this money it is going to earn more yeah because okay we've we've just touched on a little maybe one another day we will talk about investing in real estate and everything we just touched on something literally so that we give them the caution first of all then we give them a way where to start that is one thing our listeners should get yeah yes and I'm sure they've gotten that thank you thank you very much Noura for you very insightful uh you know points on savings and investment I'm sure that our youth out here has been helped by some of the tips that you have shared and before you before you go you want to share your your information and how people can contact you and your last one all right before you finish on the matters about debts um I've seen that um many of our youth are getting money from this platform paying this platform and getting from this platform paying this platform just be cautious because you will not have anything to show when you get to that age whereby they need some people to talk maybe there is somewhere function when they call for men's the village men's you are you you are out looked when they call for village there are no ladies you are looked down at you see so when you want to create you your future as per now understand working step by step with the financial advisor I advise youth I advise all the people I advise middle-aged people and as I told you my name is Noura Vihenda I'm a financial advisor and my contacts are 0707-986-531 maybe there is someone who really wants to give me a call maybe wants to give me an appointment we speak to organizations we speak to Wana Chamas the Chama members we speak also for those people youths in a gathering we speak to teachers we we we we lecture the lecturers oh so maybe you really need me one day now your institution anywhere you that you are you can just give me a call and my number is 0707-986-531 okay yes thank you uh Noura that has been Noura Vihenda a financial advisor talking to us about savings and investment I hope you've taken something from this conversation right now we're going to take a short break but Brands Aqua will be back with yet another interesting conversation on entrepreneurship and remember that we have asked you a question on our social media platform at y2fire4 channel across all social media platforms engage with us let us know your thoughts on that particular topic my personal handle is at Stephanie I yet to see you on the other side


I am so very glad you're starting your day with us. This is another episode of The Nonprofit Show, and today we have Yolanda F. Johnson, president and founder of YFJ Consulting, LLC. And Yolanda is going to share with us about your nonprofit embracing diversity, equity, and inclusion.  Look at this. I'm so excited and honored to have you here as a guest on The Nonprofit Show. You're the only national broadcast for the nonprofit sector. And your credentials here speak volume. So first, please let me welcome you. And then I would love for you to share with us about your journey, your experience, and how you serve the community. Well, thank you so much, Jared. It's a real pleasure to be here with you today. And yes, I do sleep. I wear many different hats, but I promise I do sleep. I get that question a lot. And, you know, my journey has been such where it's two worlds that have converged. So I have a background in performance, I have a degree in vocal performance, I'm an opera singer, a trained opera singer. And because of my love of the arts and keeping the arts alive and well and moving forward, that's actually how, but the entry point that I had to philanthropy. And so it began there and it's continued ever since. And I'm very blessed and fortunate to still be able to do both and actually bring some of my performance practice into philanthropy. I use performance practice for making the ask with fundraising and even with what I call IED work. We'll talk about that in a moment. But it's been a wonderful journey and I'm really pleased and thrilled to be doing what I'm doing now in this space as well with Woke and Allies and WID and just everything. Well, you're right. I would ask also, when do you sleep?  Because it sounds like you have a lot, but so glad to have you in our sector. So today, you know, we are talking about this very important topic. I feel like it is a topic that has gotten more and more traction. I am glad that it has and I feel that it's been long overdue. Let's really start with what is DEI, which stands for diversity, equity, inclusion and why do nonprofits need it? Let's start there. Sounds very basic, but I want to make sure we're all in the same day here. And I think that's very wise. It's a very wise thing to do because it's an area that's such a hot and popular area right now that people can make some assumptions about it. So what I really want to do is turn this on its head a little bit. So DEI, diversity, diversity is the metrics and the numbers, the diversity. How diverse are you? Equity, so that's, you know, being on an even plane and inclusion is also sometimes called belonging because there's so many acronyms for it now. I'm discovering new acronyms for it every single day. It's a lovely, lovely thing. People add justice to it. They add belonging to it. So it's whatever works best for you, but the inclusion part is what I find to be most important. It's our top priority if we were to rank the DEI to the point that I actually in my work call it IED. I heard you say that in the beginning and I couldn't wait to hear more about why you've kind of, you know, switched around the acronym. So tell us more. Well, it's really because you can have all the diversity in the world. You can have the numbers and if people don't feel included, it's all for naught. You just have numbers, right? You have a performative sort of action toward equity. But if people feel included first and foremost, then you create that sort of environment that is inclusive, that is welcoming, that makes people feel like they belong, then you're gonna have more diversity because more people are gonna wanna be part of that community, that environment, that organization. You know, you're so right and I have learned so many acronyms, you know, over the course of the last decade and our nonprofit sector is fraught with acronyms. You know, we are acronym soup and one of my favorites, of course, is Jedi, which doesn't, it just seems to roll off my tongue a little bit easier, but I wanted to come back to that inclusion and that belonging because that is such a natural human desire. And that is a big one, I think for all of us. So the fact that you, Yolanda, turn it around a little bit and instead of D-I-I-E-D, is that yours? Yeah. Well, talk to us about why this is important in our sector. I feel like we need to say not our sector, but really at large, right? The whole world, yeah. The world, absolutely. Why is that so important? Well, in the nonprofit sector, we are the people saying that we wanna get the good work done, right? We are here to change the world to create a more just and equitable society. And so what does the nonprofit sector look like whenever we're trying to get that particular good work done? And how much more beautiful is it to have varying perspectives? I also want to offer, you know, to the definition of IED or DEI, it's not just about race. That is something that because of the recent and current racial reckoning that the country is undergoing, this movement that is at the forefront in front of mind, and it very well should be. But when we're talking about the entire sector, it's saying that we want to remember everybody. Whatever your mission is, I'm thinking, but it's still gonna encompass everyone. It's not going to be a non-inclusive mission even if it's focused upon a particular group. So people with disabilities, it's race, it's gender, it's ageism, it's what does your organization look like and how does that make the sector appear, you know, because it's the individual people that change systems. So it's the people that change the organizations, the organizations that change the sector. So it's very, very important because we don't wanna be monolithic. We don't want to not remember everyone and the work that we're trying to do and when we're trying to do good work, that's most important of all. Thank you for bringing that inclusivity of all of diversity, that it's not just race, it is so many other demographics that reside within that D. Talk to us about how we can make our boards to become more diverse, to include all of these different abilities and ages even socioeconomic individuals, how do we do this with our board and where do we start? Well, it has to be intentional. And I think it starts with analysis just to see where are you, meet yourself, where you are at that moment. What's going on right now? Who are the stakeholders around you? What do your constituents look like and are they reflected in both staff and board leadership? And sometimes it's the staff leadership, the executive leadership that will help inform what the board looks like. So that's why that inclusivity and that diversity is so important all the way around. But when it comes to boards, look at the constituency and is that reflected? And I mean, you know, when we're dealing with issues of nominating and governance, you're really gonna start with the people who are already there and around you.  So there are lots of different options for this. There are people that specialize just in finding you board members if you can make that investment. But another way that you can really do it is just to look around your community, look at current stakeholders. You want people involved on the board who care about what you do already. You wanna look at the current board and ask them to consider their networks and how they might be able to reach out to other people to participate who are like-minded to them. You're going to look out into the community and see who's there and who's moving and shaking and aligning with your mission and your work. And you're gonna wanna make sure that you're keeping that open mind and that open network as far as that's concerned. I know that with Woke, women of color and fundraising and philanthropy, seeing that need for more inclusion and diversity on nonprofit boards, we literally put people on boards. So we have a leadership institute called the Radiant Leadership Institute where we train women of color not to fit in but to stand out and shine. And so as part of that, after we train them on effective communication on board leadership, on leadership principles, on self-analysis, we do something with the Trimetrix EQ. It's like a Myers-Briggs for leadership. So what kind of leader are you? And then moving that forward into putting it into practice. So we have a one-year board fellowship where we work with partners and send those women out there to be on boards and to have that real, lived experience. I think we're gonna talk about equity on boards in a minute so I won't go there but a conundrum has come up even with Radiant that exists in the entire sector as well as far as making sure we're equitable on boards. Now, is that in, I'm assuming it's in the New York community. Is this a nationwide? Oh no, it's nationwide. Wolk's an international organization as is Allies in Action. So they're ranging all over the place. We, I mean, that's really the wonderful challenge, you know, finding partners if there are organizations out there who are ever interested and willing to have a board fellow on, please let us know but it's from LA to New York and everywhere in between. I love it. And as you were saying, we start with intentionality. That's really where we start and to assess who, what is our current makeup? And sadly, I have seen too many organizations that do not reflect their constituency base. They do not reflect, you know, their client base, their community base. And that's typically when I come in as a strategic planner and I'm like, look, look, right. You know, we all drive similar cars, our kids are at the same school right now. And so let's start with intentionality and having this conversation, which brings us to what are strategies that you can share with us Yolanda when it comes to engaging and really just starting these conversations within our organizations? Well, what I will say is that this current movement that we're in has lent itself to more voices at that table and in the conversation.  It seemed was a very noble and popular thing to do. A lot of people established committees and different entities, you know, internally. And now we're coming full circle around that one year mark, a little more than a year now and starting to really look at accountability for what work has actually been done to really create longevity around this. So what you're gonna do is just always try to make sure that there are, I don't really ascribe to safe spaces, but there's the whole concept of the brave space. So creating those spaces where people's voices can be heard and not just doing it, you just mentioned when you're doing strategic planning. So we all abhor that strategic plan that's in a binder on a shelf and it never comes down for implementation, for real implementation. It's up on the shelf. We did it, we checked the box. So this work is not about box checking. It's about really creating spaces where the voices of people of color and professionals of color can be heard. Also in dialogue with white allies and other groups who want to be helpful to that because it's all hands on deck now and everybody has to work together for this to be successful. So if you have an internal entity, that's great. Make sure they're meeting regularly, be accountable. Don't do it just to check a box. What does it really look like? With the women in development, we started with the diversity and inclusion task force. I happened to be the first black president of what we were. And so that was the two year endeavor that culminated right around the time of George Floyd. Well, when that was over, we did that analysis and I said, well, this work must continue was the impetus for starting work because the voices of women of color had reached fever pitch, saying we need a space of our own in the nonprofit sector for the unique experience of being us. But then also how does the work continue in general? And so that task force was transitioned into a committee. That committee's been transitioned into an initiative now to be even more organic. So don't lose hold of it. But always bring it up and always make sure that there's a space to have the conversation.  It's very easy to do knee jerk and just go with the same network and people that we're used to. We all have people of whatever background that are just easy to call or shouldn't email to or whatever gift or skill or their profession that they're bringing to the table. But can you take the time to be intentional and think outside of that box and find a person of color who's equally qualified to find a woman, to find a person with a disability? Can you have closed captioning, whenever you do some of your virtual program? It's little things like that, seemingly little. That means so much to people just to really bring that DEI to the floor. You know, a lot of what you're saying, as you said, even the closed captioning, it doesn't seem like it is rocket science, but it's taking those little steps that really show a genuine and sincere ability and intentionality to connect. I mentioned earlier that it's been about a year and I feel like all of the black block squares on Instagram went up and there were so many individuals that were looking for companies that did not have that square and individuals or companies that did have that square and have been following to see what have they done, right? That accountability piece, what actions have they taken since that? One of the things I really like to advocate for Yolanda and I'm curious if you can help me with some strategies around this as well is to literally earmark dollars for these strategies. So we talk about taking action, but we also talk about the financial resources and investment that we need to put behind this so that we can truly hold ourselves in our actions or words accountable. And I feel like that might be a new budget item for many organizations, but I'd like for it not to be. Well, I mean, there's an argument to be made for incentivizing some of the work as you're helping to train people and help them to understand what's going on, but that's not something I've ever been incredibly comfortable with because I think it's something that should be organic. So making the effort, making the investment is very, very important. I'm not sure how you do resources following the recording of this, but I recently wrote a blog post for Salesforce.com about the five top tips for DEI and fundraising in the nonprofit sector. So it's something to take a look at just how to implement that within the organization, at least the development department. But I agree wholeheartedly that making the investment, so I think it's too prompt. I think that whether or not you are an expert in the space, which many people are not, but they care, always bring it up. I find that to be a fundamental best practice for the nonprofit sector is find those entry points where you can bring it up and its importance and support your employees and your team and the sector as a whole overall by making that investment in training, maybe in providing some incentives for it to help people learn more professional development in that realm. I have a white allies group as well as a group and there are people that will pay for those memberships so that people can get that training and that support really within community and support it internally, put the investment into having those entities, whatever works best for your organization. If it is a committee, if it is a task force, a task force has a definite measurable outcome, which I think that in the shorter term works very well in transition task force to task force to something else down the road in the future. But the investment should be a priority somehow and it doesn't always look the same. It's not a cookie cutter sort of situation, but it should be intentional and it should be the desire of the organization to move it forward that way. Absolutely and thank you for that. And I know that was not a planned question, but it's definitely one that I've been struggling with and one that I've been advocating for in and around my community. I believe this brings us to our last topic of discussion but it's a big one. And from what I hear extremely passionate for you is encouraging more people that are into the nonprofit sector. How do we do this? How can we encourage more individuals to join us in this wonderful sector? Well, it's really loaded, right?  So I think there are a lot of issues around it that we have to deal with to attract people to the sector. And I think that is at the crux of it because there are a couple of things that happened. Last week I did a testimony actually at a hearing on salary transparency to turn that into law in New York City and ultimately New York State. Well, the thing that comes up is sometimes as nonprofit professionals, we have imposter syndrome. We don't understand what we're worth and we think that because we're here to do the good work and to fulfill missions that, you know we can just go ahead and try to do it. It results in some people in some metropolitan areas being only a couple of paychecks away from being in the same boat as the constituents that they serve or amassing huge amounts of personal debt just to be able to survive, to be in the nonprofit sector and those days have got to end. So for people in general and especially people of color underserved groups in the nonprofit sector we have to make sure that we are creating roles that are attractive for people that, you know, liveable that they can still live out their dream and make the world a better place while being amply compensated and having all the opportunities that they deserve creating leadership pipelines both for people of color and for women. Again, people that are underrepresented in the States there's still a glass ceiling. And so we need to do, we have some work to do in the sector to make people want to stay in the first place because we've got the great resignation and I call it the great distraction as well. And then we need to create that pipeline to attract other people to want to be part of this because the whole paradigm has shifted. You know, it's gone are the days when you were a socialite or came from a wealthy family and therefore you were doing charity work and you know that's the whole difference between charity and philanthropy as well. We're playing the long game. We've got degrees in this. We've got lots of experience. And so we need to appreciate and hug and love our employees and create spaces and environments where they can really thrive. And then I think people in general and people of color with more inclusive environments as well will want to be part of this profession. I had shared with you before we open our digital doors that sadly I know a handful, if not more young nonprofit leaders that have left the sector over the last two years and they've gone to for-profit marketing, sales roles and it's heartbreaking for me because I really, really want individuals of all roles and responsibilities to enjoy the sector. One of the things that I like to do Yolanda is whenever there's an opportunity to talk to a business class I like to talk to them about the nonprofit sector because we as a sector get a wrap, right? As if we're not a business. Yep. We are a tax-exempted business. And so I really want individuals to come into the sector, enjoy it so that we don't get burnt out. You mentioned what I strongly stand behind as well is that transparency and pay. And I no longer share job postings if they do not have the salary range in there because that is the process that again it's not rocket science. It is quite simple. And if someone sends me a posting and they're asking me to share it I will kindly write them back and say, I will not share this until you're able to update it with the salary. And that for me is just one tiny step that I feel that I can do to advocate to encourage more people of color in all individuals truly into the sector is to have that equitable practice. Most definitely I co-sign on that entirely. In fact, it is the policy of woke and of wood. Salary transparency is required to post on our job boards which are go-to places for women in the sector. And it's very interesting. The reaction was very interesting. The pushback that we received at first from naughty behavior, like just putting in random characters instead of the actual salary numbers. And then they stopped that. And then we had people who literally someone who said, well, my client can't do that because they're actually having some salary equity issues currently where this person's gonna be making more than some people who have been there for a long time maybe in the program department or something. And they don't wanna cause any bad blood as this person comes on.  So it's really, really important. It's a starting point because you have to decide time is precious, right? If you can even want to go for a position. And for the women telling you also, we know this for sure. Statistics indicate from people in the search profession and in general with non-profit a lot of the times women, if they see a role they won't even go for it. If they don't think they become very perfectionistic with the requirements. And if I don't fulfill every single thing in that job role then I'm not even gonna go for it. Whereas men will go for it. They'll just try it out. It's a very interesting gender difference between how people see through the lens of trying to look for new opportunities. So just things to keep in mind. That is so true. I have been a part of many executive searches and I will say by like true testament I've seen this time and time and time again there are 99% men that are applying versus that 1% female. And it is fascinating to me. Imposter syndrome perhaps, right? You mentioned that earlier. And I know that I myself has struggled without at points in my career. So all of this has been phenomenal Yolanda. We are so blessed to have you in our sector. Thank you for all of the great work that you do. I want to show this slide again because Yolanda F. Johnson is very immersed and very engaged in the sector. I also learned she's a trained as a opera singer. Yeah.  There's so much that you do that's fascinating. Thank you for your service. Thank you for sharing your valuable time and expertise. I know we live very far apart when it comes to our nation but we're on the same team working towards the same goal. And you're right. We are in this for the long haul and over the last two years I've referred to multiple pandemics, social injustice being one of them and then definitely a topic that needs more time, more resources and more amazing talent. But thank you for that. Julia Patrick sadly missed a phenomenal conversation but I know that she'll watch the recording and I hope that all of you will. I'm Jarrett Ransom, your nonprofit nerd. Again, so grateful to have these presenting sponsors part of our episode. We're going on 450 episodes soon. Wow. Thank you. And we're always looking for a diverse guest and perspective. So if you're interested, please do reach out to us. We can continue these conversations with amazing thought leaders like Yolanda F. Johnson because of our presenting sponsors. So we're so grateful to have their investment. You have helped me start my week off with such a wonderful tone and opportunity. So thank you for being here with us. Of course. It was my pleasure. Thank you for having me. Absolutely.  Again, these are recorded. So please do go into our archive. You can go right here to the nonprofitshow.com or American Nonprofit Academy. Watch this recording. Share it with your board. Share it with your leadership. Everyone needs to see and hear some of these practices that, again, they're not rocket science but these small steps help us towards our end goal. So please do check that out. I hope that you'll join us again tomorrow for another episode of the Nonprofit Show. Until then, please be well so you can do well. Thank you so much, Yolanda. I was so glad to have this conversation. Thank you.


आदद्ाछकवा्डूं से प्र्रे फ से भी यहतिइं प्रो कोगिन क्षित स्ब्रे अच्यो की लग बात क्यब यह में मुसल पटीग हैस फिस्टियोलोगीकल कोजेस दिस पटीग can occur in the neuromuscular junction अर आनी आप आदर, कोंट्रक्ताल आलिमेंट आप दी मुसल्स जो भी, कोंट्रक्छन में इनवोल्ग मुसल्स के आलिमेंट से उन में से किसी भी लेवल पर पटीग हो सकती है.ले पी आस भी भी यह운स arkosis आस मुसल्बच्तapped. फिरत्रुग, यह स्तॉन्ट्रंत लेवं bringing up neuro muscular junction गग्गे रूश्न पबमा�BLANKुध कुद त्रस्विष्ण सक्ड��ण अजैं 2 था. वो सल्षल अग्तिवेटी की वेजासे वो ट्रास्मिशन मुतास्सर होती हैं किमके जब पर रोंक्ट अक्टिवेटी रहती हैं तो अजे रिजर्ट नव बिमपॊलसेश की ट्रास्मिशन दिमीनिश दिमीनिश आर नव्टेर जाता हैं ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ  if this is the cause of muscle fatigue then there is a quick recovery within 30 minutes. Dear students, another physiological cause of muscle fatigue is the interruption in excitation contraction coupling. This happens due to impaired calcium release from cells internal resources that is from endoplasmic reticulum. This recovery is relatively slower and it takes 24 to 72 hours to recover. Dear students, the third cause of muscle fatigue is the interruption of blood flow to the contracting muscles. As a result, the nutrient and oxygen supply to the muscles is affected. This is the cause of the muscle contraction. We call the complete muscle fatigue as the complete muscle fatigue and it takes more time to recover. Dear students, apart from these three major causes, other fatigue contributors are the accumulation of inorganic phosphates in the muscles. Then, accumulation of hydrogen ions, which we call metabolic acidosis, which affect the metabolic processes of the cells and muscle cells. Apart from this, due to muscle-cell contraction, the cells have either the depletion of glycogen in the energy resources or the depletion of ATP. As a result, muscle fatigue appears. Dear students, in the past, the biggest contributor for muscle fatigue was the accumulation of lactic acid. However, recent research has proved that this factor is not a cause of muscle fatigue. Therefore, we do not understand this factor because of muscle fatigue.


Okay. So yeah, I'm talking about testing with components with jest. So I'll just give a quick overview. I'm going to go through a bit of assume knowledge first. I'm going to do a bit of background. I'll talk a bit about JavaScript testing ecosystem and we'll get into the meter potatoes of it. So, you know, testing twig and then I have a few final words. So you're just getting started. There's some assume knowledge. I'm going to go through here. So some of the code samples here will have things like model JavaScript features like object destructuring and arrow functions and ECMAScript modules. So yeah, if you're not familiar with those, those things might be a bit, you know, if you're sort of JavaScript skills are a bit a few years behind you might might have a few questions there. But you know, if so seeing out. And then the other thing is that you're familiar with the concept of component driven design. So I'm just going to give a bit of a recap about the front end development workflow at previous next. And we've talked about these things for going back quite a few Drupal South. So the first one was soul guide driven development, which John Albin presented on in Melbourne in I think 2014. Then if following from further from that, this is kind of like the evolution of our front end development. Jack Toronto presented on twig ninja top tactics. And then since then we've had our front end development team, which I think Ricky Jack and Tony drove moving to use post CSS instead of SAS. And then Sam and the same team then moved us over to using roll up to basically Transpile and aggregate our JavaScript. So basically the way we work is front end devs can write all the components and page mockups in a style guide using KSS node, which is something that John presented in that first presentation there. So basically each component gets its own folder for one of the better word and it has basically the CSS and the JavaScript scope to that component. And then we join those together in our style guide using KSS node to create full page mockups and all this happens outside Drupal. So it's sort of rapid prototyping. The JavaScript is scope to each component. And once that's sort of done and signed off on and sometimes that's basically what the client signs off on rather than a fixed Photoshop file because obviously Photoshop doesn't have a concept of responsive design. So from that point then the back end developers integrate that with Drupal. And this is where Jack's session from Auckland about Twitter ninja tactics comes in. And that's about using some of the features of Twig such as embed and extend so that you can actually bring in external Twig files into Drupal so that you can have the bulk of your markup in a style guide that lives outside Drupal. And then your HTML dot Twig templates that are in the Drupal theme but in just Twig files that live in a style guide. And full disclosure the degree to that of which the degree to which that happens on our projects varies per project. We have some projects where there's not a single HTML tag in the Drupal theme and every single HTML tag is in the template and style guide. And then we have some other projects where it's less or so. And there are some advantages to doing that and we'll talk about that a bit later. But of late there have been challenges with the approach of having all of the markup in the style guide because of layout builder. But there are ways around that now too because there's JavaScript implementations of Drupal attributes and we've got our KSS builder now that basically can handle those special regions that layout builder requires. So that's a bit of the background. And then the next thing I want to talk about a bit is React. And I know this is a Drupal Meetup but this story starts with React and yeah basically React is a front end framework that was originally from Facebook. And the basic guts of it if you're not familiar with it is you have a known state so that state can come from outside a component or can be internal to the component. And with that known set of state that yield to fixed set of markup and that state can change and it causes the markup to update. And so this type of model is not that similar to twig in the first render. So with twig have variables, the template plus the logic and you get some known markup. So this is the starting point of the difference being obviously React is in the browser and so it does basically using something called shadow DOM. It does sort of diffing of the DOM as state changes and just makes updates to the DOM as required. But we're stuck in Drupal and where we've got tools that are supposed to which are twig. So with twig you can obviously test this fixed variables plus template plus logic equals markup. You test that with PHP unit, there's no dynamic in that setup. You've got some point, you've got some variables, you've got a template. You might have some logic in the template if some ifs, etc. But you end up with a fixed markup at the end. And yeah you can test that with PHP unit. In fact we've got projects where we use twig in Drupal 7 and we test it with PHP unit. So this is not really anything groundbreaking or fancy. This is what twig is written for, what's used throughout the PHP community. But these sort of tests are fast and robust but don't get you so far because obviously you're going to have some dynamic behaviors. Obviously with, you know, we use twig on the Drupal side to build some markup but then the markup's sent to the browser and that's where JavaScript kicks in and starts to add interactivity and dynamic behaviors. And yeah, so with previous next, all of that front end code, that JavaScript we've written nowadays in vanilla JavaScript. We might use the odd npm package here and there for something like autocomplete or carousel where there's a good library for that and we use ECMAScript modules to include that. And so the roll-up work that Sam, Ricky, Tony, Jack, etc. have done. Basically our build process, we end up with a transpiled JavaScript package that's ready for use in the browser and we put that in our libraries.yaml. So yeah, once we start adding JavaScript functionality, then the ability to test this stuff with PHP unit gets us to a fork in the road. And so returning back to React, this is where we start to get some more envy. So, you know, the testing tools for React and for the dynamic behavior are really solid. Before hooks were a thing. Now, we're talking about React hooks here, not Drupal hooks. You know, Enzyme from Airbnb was kind of the best practice, had a fairly wide adoption, but then hooks were brought in and basically React effectively overnight stopped their main test library Enzyme from being able to render things and so the newcomer out of that was the testing library. So yeah, there's a suite of tools in the testing library, all gone GitHub, React testing library. There's also a view testing library, DOM testing library. So they're basically a suite of best practices for testing JavaScript, particularly functional behavior where you've got browser interactions and the like. And the runner for that is Jest. So Jest is kind of similar to PHP unit in the PHP space. It's a test runner. It has all the assertions that you would expect. It has snapshot testing, which is a pretty cool feature and I'll get to that in detail if time permits. And it also does code coverage. So effectively you can think of it as pretty much the same thing as PHP unit, but for JavaScript, you know, in the most simplified terms. So just a real primitive example here. We've got, you know, this function takes two variables and adds them together. So testing that with Jest would look a bit like this. So we basically use a ECMAScript import to bring in the original function that's on the test and then we just declare our tests and we use the expect, you know, sum of one and two to be three. So nothing too fancy there. So as I mentioned before, when you start to test React components, it gets a little bit more complex. And this is where the testing library modules come in. So looking at a bit more complex example of that, you know, we're looking at a test here for a really simple counter. I don't know if you can see my mouse or not, but I'll try. So yeah, this is counter component here. We're rendering it. That returns an object and we're destructuring that because we want some of the returns out of it. We can fire events like clicking on the a plus button that, you know, let's assume comes out of this counter and then we can do things like query for the counter and, you know, make sure that the content was updated. So it's pretty sweet. It's lighting fast because it's using a browser emulation under the hood rather than an actual browser. And yeah, it's as a developer, it's pretty envious of that when you're working on a React project, you know, and then you come back to Drupal and you have to contrast how we do front-end testing with Drupal. It's, you know, there's a bit of envy there. And, you know, we have tools for front-end testing, we have Nightwatch, we have PHP with Chrome, but these are functional tests and obviously because they're driving our own browsers, they're typically slow and you can't collect code coverage and those kind of things. So I got thinking about this and we're already using twig JavaScript. So there's a JS implementation of twig that we use in KSS node and we have for some time and it's pretty much like for like with Drupal's twig. It's written and maintained by people from the Drupal community. There's implementations if you need them of all of the Drupal filters like check markup, etc. So I sort of thought, well, maybe we could leverage that and have React style testing on twig. Is that a question or is that just background noise? Sorry, I thought I was muted. Oh, it's okay. I'm going to play along. So yeah, this is where twig testing library comes in. So this is NPM library that you use obviously just for development. So it's the same ergonomics as a React testing library but it's full twig. So here's an example test here. We're testing that we can render a particular twig file. We're passing in some variables to go with it. We're getting back from that queries that we can use to interact with the container that's been rendered. So we can, for example, get a button from that, click on the button, find that something else exists. So it's pretty much the same features as React testing library but it's built around testing twig files. So how does that look when you run it? So I've switched to terminal. Is that coming through? Yeah, it is. Yep, thank you. So yeah, if I just run guest and it'll run my tests. So what I've got right here is the test of an accordion. So not a trivial test. Yeah, so what we're testing here basically, I was just going to jump over in the PHP storm. I'm testing a accordion file. So this is just a twig file. We've got a details element. We've got a summary element. I can dump up the font size on that. We've got some more complex things like includes. We've got some if conditions, et cetera. And the test for that, basically, we can render the twig file with some variables. And it even supports namespaces, which is a feature of twig that you may be familiar with. We can query for elements. We can take snapshots and I'll come back to that. We can check that the classes that were expecting the JavaScript to add. Sorry, I should have probably shown the JavaScript. Yeah, so this is the JavaScript that goes with that accordion. So there's like a constructor that does some initialization and then there's some events for focus blur and click. And we can test, for example, that these classes get added in these area. These area attributes get added. So, yeah, it runs, it runs nice and quick. That was three seconds. We can also get some neat things out of it like a coverage. So run the same thing again with co coverage. And it tells me, and this is just a feature of chess that, you know, I haven't written any tests for these lines, which is pretty nice. And, you know, you can do that what you will. One of the things I wanted to point out, though, was this snapshot. Now snapshot testing is a bit of an odd concept. We don't really have anything like it in PHP. There are libraries for it. But if you leave with nothing else out of this presentation, maybe it could be this snapshot testing. So this is like a bare minimum test each render. So, yeah, render some file and expect the container to match snapshot. And what they will do is it'll generate a snapshot file in your code base. So they look a bit like this. And it's basically a, I guess, like a footprint of a fingerprint of what that markup should look like when it's going through that template.  And that's sort of a point for you to pause and look and see, oh, okay, did I did I mean to break it or is that accidental? So for example, if we just go back and let's go back to that. Call your markup and just change the class here inadvertently and run those tests again.  And it shows us here what changed. So it went from according content to according dash content. And if you meant to do that, that's great.    So there's from other wins that we get out of this. One of them is the coverage we've already seen, but you can also get, you can run these tests in PHP storm and also in like any other IDE. But one of the news parts about it is you can actually debug your JavaScript. So if we wanted to debug something that wasn't working in click, we can just put our debug breakpoint and run our tests in our IDE debugger on. And, you know, we're going to have to jump in between the browser and our IDE. It's a little bit slower. Debugging always is, but we can have a look at everything that's in scope at the point there and, you know, debug something right there on the spot. So the question is going to be, where's the Drupal in this? You know, this is all JavaScript. You know, there's no Drupal so far. And, you know, we're testing trig files in isolation here. There's no Drupal in the mix. So this is all part of your testing pyramid. So this is the testing pyramid. So these are part of this unit's tests laid down the bottom or maybe integration test. But, you know, you can test your JavaScript in isolation without the full stack of Drupal. But, you know, they're fast and they give good coverage, but there's lots of moving parts here. And you obviously still need functional tests to make sure that when everything is plugged in together that, you know, things still work the way they should. And so the best way to maximize your return on this would be to keep your JavaScript written in vanilla. So you don't need jQuery features. It makes it a lot simpler.  Keep your components atomic. You know, don't have bleed between one component to another if you can avoid it. And if you can, as I mentioned before, you know, make your HTML.twig files in Drupal just embed the templates from your style guide. And then that way you know that there's not that much variation between the two. If you're duplicating all of your markup back over into Drupal, then obviously one changes and the other doesn't, your tests still pass and you don't know anything about it. So, yeah, that session that I mentioned at the start there, twig ninja tactics from Jack, that goes into good detail on that. Yeah, so summing up. Yeah, that's the URL for the library. And this is early days for this package. So welcome pool requests and anyone getting involved. Yeah, any, any questions? Have you tried to use a storybook for twig components because they look like they're very self contained? We're using cases now that there's a very, which is very similar to storybook. I believe Nick, Nick Fletcher, one of our front end developers has used storybook. I'm not sure if you're using it with twig. But yeah, they're very similar problem space. They're trying to keep that canonical resource of, you know, all of your elements. And there was some really good sessions at RareConf IU, which was in Sydney in February on that front. I, if you have time, I would encourage you to check out the one from Seek. Their style guide is like they basically do their UI prototyping in their style guide. It's got like a little an editor and they, and it's got all the completing for all their existing components. They sort of build out their larger UI using just the components from their, from their style guide. It was amazing. Yeah, what is it comparing with? It says it's like comparing with some standard like when it's doing the test. How do you set that up? Sorry, there's a bit of quite that question. What, what is, how do you test the, when you're testing a UI? How do you set up the, what you're looking for? Like, so, you know, if your software is not compatible. Yeah, script against the UI. Yeah. So under the hood, Jess can be used, configured to use two sort of emulations of browser. And in this case, we, it's using JS DOM, which is a JavaScript implementation of the HTML DOM spec. You know, so the HTML elements and most of the browser DOM implementation, it very deliberately doesn't implement all of it.  It will throw errors. I think that's what you're asking. Yeah, that's it. I did HTML. So yeah, if you, yeah, you saw using a DOM to set up. Yeah. So it's using JS DOM under the hood. When you render it, let me just jump back. When you, when you actually like do the render, one of the returns you can get back into the container and that's basically a HTML element, which is, if you look at the HTML element as part of the DOM spec. And yeah, you can like put anything that you can run against HTML element in JavaScript against that. So you can use things like crew selector and the like, and if you like class list and you can, you know, dataset, all those kinds of things. So most of the power of this is just building on top of DOM testing library, which is one of those standard libraries that I mentioned earlier. And yeah, it, it stocks a very exhaustive about how to use the various creating methods. I mean, in this instance, I'm using get by text, which lets me find elements using the text. So I think I'm using it to find the accordion title. But it could vary. It's got a lot of different methods that you can use to basically interact with the DOM. Okay. Okay. Thanks for that. Thank you.


In the final days of his mortal life, Jesus Christ told his apostles of the persecutions and hardships they would suffer. He concluded with this great assurance, "'In the world ye shall have tribulation, but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world.'" That is the Savior's message to all of our Heavenly Father's children. That is the ultimate good news for each of us in our mortal lives. Be of good cheer was also a needed assurance in the world into which the resurrected Christ sent his apostles. We are troubled on every side, the apostle Paul later told the Corinthians, yet not distressed. We are perplexed but not in despair, persecuted but not forsaken, cast down but not destroyed. 2,000 years later, we are also troubled on every side, and we also need that same message, not to despair but to be of good cheer. The Lord has special love and concern for His precious daughters. He knows of your wants, your needs, and your fears. The Lord is all-powerful. Trust Him. The Prophet Joseph Smith was taught that the works and the designs and the purposes of God cannot be frustrated. Neither can they come to not. To his struggling children, the Lord gave these great assurances. Behold, this is the promise of the Lord unto you, O ye my servants, wherefore be of good cheer and do not fear, for I the Lord am with you and will stand by you, and ye shall bear record of me, even Jesus Christ, that I am the Son of the living God. The Lord stands near us, and as He has said, what I say unto one, I say unto all, be of good cheer, little children, for I am in your midst, and I have not forsaken you. For after much tribulation come the blessings. Sisters, I testify that these promises, given in the midst of persecutions and personal tragedies, apply to each of you in your troubling circumstances today. They are precious to remind each of us to be of good cheer and to have joy in the fullness of the gospel as we press forward through the challenges of mortality. Tribulation and challenges are the common experiences of mortality. Opposition is an essential plan, is an essential part of the divine plan for helping us grow. And in the midst of that process, we have God's assurance that in the long view of eternity, opposition will not be allowed to overcome us. With His help and our faithfulness and endurance, we will prevail. Like the mortal life of which they are a part, all tribulations are temporary. In the controversies that preceded a disastrous war, United States President Abraham Lincoln wisely remanded his audience of the ancient wisdom that this too shall pass away. As you know, the mortal adversities of which I speak, which make it difficult to be of good cheer, sometimes come to us in common with many others, like the millions now struggling through some of the many devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, in the United States, millions are suffering through a season of enmity and contention that always seems to accompany presidential elections. But this time is the most severe many of the oldest of us can ever remember. On a personal basis, each of us struggles individually with some of the many adversities of mortality, such as poverty, racism, ill health, job losses or disappointments, wayward children, bad marriages or no marriages, and the effects of sin, our own or others. Yet in the midst of all of this, we have that heavenly counsel to be of good cheer and to find joy in the principles and promises of the gospel and the fruits of our labors. That counsel has always been so, for prophets and for all of us. We know this from the experiences of our predecessors and what the Lord said to them. Remember the circumstances of the prophet Joseph Smith. Looked after the lens of adversities, his life was one of poverty, persecution, frustration, family sorrows, and ultimate martyrdom. As he suffered imprisonment, his wife and children and the other saints suffered incredible hardships as they were driven out of Missouri. When Joseph pleaded for relief, the Lord answered, "'My son, peace be unto thy soul. "'Thine adversity and thine affliction shall be "'but a small moment. "'And then if thou endure it well, "'God shall exalt thee on high. "'Thou shalt triumph over all thy foes.'" This was the personal, eternal counsel that helped the prophet Joseph to maintain his native, cheery temperament and the love and loyalty of his people. These same qualities strengthened the leaders and pioneers who followed and can strengthen you as well. Think of those early members. Again and again, they were driven from place to place. Finally, they faced the challenges of establishing their homes and the church in a wilderness. Two years after the initial band of pioneers arrived in the valley of the Great Salt Lake, the pioneers' grip on survival in that hostile area was still precarious. Most members were still on the trail across the plains or struggling to get resources to do so. Yet leaders and members were still of hope and good cheer even though not settled in their new homes At October 1849, General Conference, a new wave of missionaries was sent out to Scandinavia, France, Germany, Italy, and the South Pacific. At what could have been thought their lowest level, the pioneers rose to new heights. And just three years later, another 98 were also called to begin to gather scattered Israel. One of the church leaders explained then that these missions, quote, are generally not to be very long ones, probably from three to seven years will be as long as any man will be absent from his family, end of quote. Sisters, the first presidency is concerned about your challenges. We love you and pray for you. At the same time, we often give thanks that our physical challenges, apart from earthquakes, fires, floods, and hurricanes are usually less than our predecessors faced. In the midst of hardships, the divine assurance is always be of good cheer for I will lead you along. The kingdom is yours and the blessings thereof are yours and the riches of eternity are yours. How does this happen? How did it happen for the pioneers? How will it happen to women of today? By following prophetic guidance, the Lord has said to the women of today, the gates of hell shall not prevail against us. The Lord said by revelation in April, 1830. Yay, he said, the Lord God will disperse the powers of darkness from before you and cause the heavens to shake for your good and his name's glory. Fear not, little flock. Do good. Let earth and hell combine against you for if you are built upon my rock, they cannot prevail. With the Lord's promises, we lift up our hearts and rejoice. And with a glad heart and a cheerful countenance, we go forward on the covenant path. Most of us do not face decisions of giant proportions like leaving our homes to pioneer an unknown land. Our decisions are mostly in the daily routines of life. But as the Lord has told us, be not weary and well-doing for you are laying the foundation of a great work and out of small things, proceed at that which is great. There's boundless power in the doctrine of the restored gospel of Jesus Christ. Our unshakable faith in that doctrine guides our steps and gives us joy. It enlightens our minds and gives strength and confidence to our actions. This guidance and enlightenment and power are promised gifts we have received from our Heavenly Father. By understanding and conforming our lives to that doctrine, including the divine gift of repentance, we can be of good cheer as we keep ourselves on the path toward our eternal destiny, reunion and exaltation with our loving Heavenly parents. Quote, you may be facing overwhelming challenges, Elder Richard G. Scott taught. Quote, sometimes they are so concentrated, so unrelenting that you may feel there beyond your capacity to control. Don't face the world alone. Trust in the Lord with all thine heart and lean not unto thine own understanding. It was intended that life be a challenge, not so that you would fail, but that you might succeed through overcoming, end of quote. It is all part of the plan of God, the Father and His Son, Jesus Christ, of which I testify as I pray that we will all persist to our heavenly destination in the name of Jesus Christ. Amen.