Yeah, we on boss talk one-on-one. Yeah, we gonna talk. We're gonna have fun. We'll be on fire. We'll be lately Check it check check it is unique house. It's your boy. You see over there with the lovely amazing official Mr. Maker mr. Maker well gone. You know my dad on tell y'all like subscribe follow us in all social media platforms I'm talking about tiktok snapchat YouTube Instagram Patreon as well if y'all never heard about patreon That's where we have our all-earth full-length interviews and also on our YouTube membership y'all want to see those those Drop before the even even before the clips so y'all need to check that out subscribe follow do all of that. Thank you Wow, man. Hey, man. This is another day man another day another dollar man another way man This is a day that the lord has made our rejoicing be glad in him. Hey man. Listen, man We got a guy here today y'all he's been on the show before now man. It's the second time man He don't need no introduction man. This guy right here. You can't miss him Hawk the comedians in the building. Hey, what's going on family man? Thank y'all for having me back, bro Man, you've been busy man. I know you've been busy because you were a comedian So I know y'all be moving a lot everywhere everywhere, man We just started the shows back up in vegas and moved to a new location planted hollywood and of course You know got everything going on, you know the shows during the week Weekends and stuff like that. So it's just non-stop man. We know we grinding hard 2023 Wow, man. It's just a delight man to have you back in texas, man It's your second time this year in texas second time But y'all out now y'all interviewing at uh, I'm gonna interview y'all doing the show at uh, the impromptu in allington Yeah, the impromptu in all adison In adison, okay, y'all was all in some last time It was all in some last time, okay, adison this time So so man, like how like how is it man? Like when you is it any other city that you guys come to twice a year? um to be honest with you This kind of like the first time autumn came back twice like as fact We was kind of like just here, you know, maybe like what what it was like a one and a half two Yeah, about two months ago And we coming right back again here in uh, september september eight tonight that the uh, uh, Houston, right? Texas is big you you gotta hit all cylinders. Yeah Do you guys ever go down to san Antonio, austin any of those other places in texas? Uh, not this year. It ain't on the schedule this year. Just know it was just all into adison and uh, houston this year All into adison houston man. Look out man These guys this my boy hooked the comedian with eddy griffin man. This show is crazy man And they're hilarious. They have me laughing every time I see them and this guy right here Hey, man, I was telling me remind me of mike blister because mike came out on me in houston like he do So it's the same thing. They just up there getting to it too big guys everywhere man. It's like, hey, yo, you know mike blitz Yeah, I'd be like, yeah, man. That's my big brother. So That's who mike blitz is man. My big brother man. We actually connected man Just all that and everybody else saying we looking like man.  Let me tell you so I go to walmart make sure I get my protein shakes and stuff like that So I drink for four protein shakes a day and I just try to get four of them a day because you know Okay, but hold on with the protein shake because I know some people who tell me that protein shakes make them constipated Is that true? It depends which ones you get, you know, you have all the different brands and stuff like that But it just depends on you know, which one you get you you actually supposed to get your body weight in like protein You know a day most people only drink like one or two Right, you trying to you know build muscle and you in the gym all the time Then you gonna have to drink, you know, but if you just wanted to eat also eat a lot of protein But if you don't want to build muscle like for me, I just want to tone and you know cut up a little bit So when it comes to that tone and stuff like that, you already know I mean it's all in the carbs and the sugars and stuff like that.  Yeah, okay, so but You said you work on a previous interview said you were scrawny You were little when you were growing up. So when did you really feel like okay? I know you said the military is when you started But I know off area told me you you actually took it to another level and really started doing bodybuilding When did you start doing this bodybuilding thing? I started doing the bodybuilding. It was just like people started For one when people started calling me the hope because like when I started I was 142 pounds when I first started and then once I got to 200 That 200 looked real good on me.  Let me hop on stage. Let me You know, let me get this bodybuilding side. So the biggest I ever got was up to 285 I was 285 and it's all muscle. It was all muscle. It was crazy.  It's not the same dude You know that guy, hold on. You know that guy. He be our instagram. I don't know his name You wouldn't know he'd be walking around looking like this and he'd be bumping people What's that guy? I can't think of his name, but I know who you're talking about. Because he's huge. Were you that big like him? Yeah, it was big like him. Yeah, it was pretty big like him And what was the purpose of doing it? Was it a time you had to act in or you just wanted to see how big you Now to be honest with you I got tired of seeing all the big guys walking around. I was like, I was kind of getting jealous I was like, damn man.  And I was like, you know, my wife was like, okay You can't bitch you grabbing them all the stuff so that you know motivated me even more, you know I'm saying she started loving so I was like, you know, let me keep going but it developed into not only Like a passion like but it just it was it started getting like therapeutic and stuff like that to where like Whenever I would have like issues and stuff like that. I'll be addicted. I'll be in the gym two three hours Just living working out But I mean it it turned into something good which turned me, you know doing the body guard stuff It turned into me, you know building a name for myself As you know in the comedian world is hope the comedian but can it be bad to be in a gym too much? Yeah, yeah, it can be. Yeah, you you're not supposed to work out two and three hours I was just I had nothing to do. I you know, I got retired at an early age I ain't had nothing to do.  It's just me and my wife So I just stayed in the gym all day and just did as much as I can do But I was eating a lot also, you know, I'm saying even now like I have like stretch marks on my arms Where like my arms are just stretching, you know, it's so much so You know, I just what You in that damn gym like that, man, and and and I'm trying to figure out like How do you do does it make you feel is a point where you have to be careful because you can hurt yourself if you do The wrong exercise. So I'm already hurt, you know, I said, so I'm already hurt. I already got back injuries and stuff like that So I have to bodybuilding know from the military So I have to wear my belt all the time no matter what it is I do Because I hurt my back real bad. So I have to compress my vertebrae and my um nerves and stuff together So I don't really feel the pain because I have pain that shoot down my right leg a lot Um, so I just I just take my time. So that's how you're retired. You're tired from the military Yep, medic retired the military.  Yep You're doing jump out of what? I was helicopter helicopter. I ain't jumped out far enough And I came no and I came back and hit the side of the helicopter.  Yeah, her back real bad. Yep. Did they have to do surgery?  They hit a nerve now Instead of me just having leg problems back problems. I ain't I can't use my legs at all You know, so I rather just deal with the pain and you know, just thug it out, you know surgery I was going to say it's so crazy that I was watching upside the movie with kevin heart And that's the one where that um, the guy he was taking care of he flew out He jumped out of uh, um, no, he was what you call a parasailing Okay, and landed bad and that's how he lost the the movement from his neck down a lot of guys laying bad A lot of guys laying bad a lot of people don't realize like when you see them jumping out of the plane Like there is no court like, you know, when you see people, um parachute and they pulled the court down to slow them down And they ain't got nothing in the military You just fall and you see the ground and they say brace it, you know I said you got to brace yourself and you just boom and you fall on your side You know what I'm saying so a lot of them guys like they be they begin injured doing that stuff And since we're talking about it a little further, um, when you when you came on you hit your back Now you are you out there you got a land and you got you got so so I was um in aerosol So I wasn't um in airborne school at the time I was in aerosol So aerosol is when you jump out of the helicopter, you know Like the swat when they jump out of the helicopter and they got in the rope and they extend their way down Yeah, so we're about about 200 250 feet in the air So I jump out so I didn't extend my arm out far enough.  Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. That was a nice little jerk But and then the helicopter started to come down and got me on the ground and you know, we just went from there Wow, that's crazy, you know and and to go back to the surgery a little bit, you know, um I've been to surgery a couple of times But surgery is not something to play with, you know When I think about you a comedian DC young fly comedian. Um, and his he just lost his Baby mom, but I think it's his baby mother. I don't know if they was married or not, but She had had surgery the the baby mama makeover or something. Yeah, but the thing is, um Surgery is not something to play with like like I think a lot of time the way today's times is in society is They've made it okay to say it's not it's not life-threatening It's not anytime you go up under the needle and you go under that knife and you go into Unconscious and they're working on you anything could happen man. How detrimental is it that? We have self-love and motivate each other to say everything's okay. Yeah, man That's that's you know prayers out of my dog DC on fly first off man.  It's not even just that because I know some women who Are addicted to surgery because they want that perfect body Right.  You know what I mean, right? It's I'll just be I'll just to be honest with you. I just think like, you know I'm trying to figure out, you know, the right way to put this I just think that society has deemed Just the world and just on how you're supposed to look how you're supposed to act if you're a certain person You know what I'm saying? But regardless of the simple fact is like Like you said when we go under that knife, it's like you never know I mean, you never know regardless of what you're doing it for you know, I'm saying like You know, if I had to get rid of something or if you know, I felt uncomfortable about something You know, I would go under the knife if I you know felt like I needed to but at the end of the day, I know that There's a possibility that I might not come out of that regardless of how simple it is or how major it is So, you know, I just I just couldn't even imagine that situation man. That's It's hard breaking. Yeah And he's such a good dude man. He worked hard Beautiful wife beautiful kids man That really broke me down and it actually made me think and I hope that it made a lot of people think man You know about their relationships and just stuff and they had like to me. They had the perfect relationship I ain't never heard nothing bad DC I never heard nothing bad about dc heard like they always had smiles on their faces and stuff like that So when that happened, I you know, I called my wife and I was just like a look Whatever it is we go through or whatever it is we got going on man. It don't even matter It just it just don't even matter and I don't know what put me in that state of mind But it just had me thinking for a long time and that really messed my day up You know, it really messed my day up man.  You know what I mean?  Right. Right. Most definitely.  It's just That's all you can do man. I I like I said last time you was on here. You talked about security for I believe it was Chicago, I think you said and when you did that it was some comments that came about That there was upset about the fact of how you handled the situation What's up with that? Like like why do people choose to feel a certain way? When you know and I know that your profession is that and you've studied on how to deal with that How how could somebody have the nerve of some people, you know, right? Well, I think it just got a lot of the do it because people A lot of the men there was a lot of the men It wasn't really the women a lot of the women was like, yeah, you yeah, you made the right decision or whatever You know I'm saying you were smart, but I think it was like the men ego like oh, I never let a man do this Well, I never let anybody do this then and third. Okay. Well, when you end up in the box, then That's it. You know I'm saying and I'm not about anyone, you know in no box I'm gonna make sure that I'm you know going back home to my wife and you know If I feel like something is putting me in danger or if I feel like I'm uncomfortable doing certain things Regardless of how big I am regardless of how tough I think I'm you know, I might be I ain't stopping no bullet And for those who I didn't see the first interview Um, you were talking about the fact that when money bag yield was on stage And you saw some people walking towards the stage and the way in which they were walking towards the stage They was coming there was coming. They was y'all said, you know what? Let's go we getting out of here and put him in the car and left And a lot of people in the comments were like, you know, that's what you signed up for your coward or your you know Stuff like that because you don't know if they might have they might have been coming to shake your hand Or they might have been coming for you know, what are the reasons they weren't coming to shake, you know And you know and I seen you know a lot of people, you know talking about you know Him being in the gang and gang and stuff like that. We all know about chicago Whatever the case is but you know, I'm just there to do my job My job is to make sure that he gets out of there safe and He's not hurt and that's exactly what happened He got out of there safe and he wasn't hurt and I wasn't hurt and nobody else was hurt that night But I just think a lot of people they they they want to see something they want to see violence They want to hear about their favorite rapper The security getting shot or a big brawl in the club. I mean, it's 2023 I don't want to be famous on facebook for 24 hours because that's all you're gonna get And when y'all did that um because you had to turn around and tell him exactly because He wasn't seeing all of that that's going on. Y'all were the ones with the eyes In the ears of what was going on and when y'all made that decision, um, y'all eventually had to tell him the reason why He was cool with with that as well. Yeah, he didn't I mean like I said, even you know, if y'all go back and watch the first interview I clearly said he did nothing wrong. He didn't say anything wrong. He didn't It just it just I know but I'm talking to y'all, you know, because if I'm on stage I don't think we say it was a man. We got to go right. There was nothing else said after that and we let and you know So he didn't ask you. So why did we have to go none of that stuff? Nope In the middle of the okay, and that's a good person to me because if you Go on, you know, put your life and trust into our hands and when we say it's time to go Hey, no questions. Was that in the middle of the whole concert or what did y'all finish? We was at the club and we was at a hole in the wall at that Oh, okay. We was at a hole in the wall. That's what made it even worse So and everybody know about them holding the walls. Oh, it's some pistols in there Okay, there's some pistols in there and I'm like, nah, we that's not about to happen I didn't know if it was like in the middle of his performance and you took him off stage or anything like that No, I mean he was performing one of his songs and then um, I mean it just happened and it didn't get too crazy But before it get too crazy. Let's ride, you know, I'm saying, you know, it ain't worked It ain't worked and if you feel like it's worth it, then you're gonna stay that by yourself I know you'd be on social media looking around and um, just like all of us see what's going on in the media And stuff like that and we saw what happened to um, Jamie Foxx, right and um What you think about because we haven't heard anything about Jamie Foxx recently, you know, he's from tarot Texas He's right down the street. You know, we can't wait. We've been praying very hard for him Because we know something is going on because he's not coming out in the media, you know Let everybody know that he's okay and stuff like that. But we pray for a speed of recovery and stuff like that Um, but what do you think about the media the way how the media I remember at one point they try to smoke him out and say all sorts of stuff about him to try to get him to come out Like he was dead already. I think I think the media needed to shut their mouth man and let the man Be in peace like, you know, like they put in stories and all the stuff out there And then it starts to make everybody else gonna already put their own little two cents into it So not everybody, you know, you know, like they was thinking like, oh, yeah, he about to die He on his last his last leg and no man, I mean We don't know where it really is going on but we do know that, you know, he's back home And he's with his daughter and you know with his family and stuff like that When stuff like that is going on like regardless of who they is just give them They peace like don't put it too much out there because if you see that they already stressed out They're going through something what you think that that might do to them even more, you know Add more stress on top of it.  So people don't realize how much harm you can create by this that falls news and falls narrative I basically told him, you know, I went on my news you can use I have a state a deal that I just started and I went on and talked about jamie You know what he would have thought even if he if he was unconscious during this time It was in the first start and I was like I went back and looked at some of the you know Some of the videos and interviews he done and just the way that he put God first And I posted that and told people, you know, like, you know, you should be having hope and faith instead of fear because that's what That's what jamie would do because when he would speak and he would talk about different instances He always brought up his grandmother second, but he brought up god first And i'm telling you right now. I'm not gonna forget that i'm gonna ride with that And i'm gonna ride with him to the end even if he was a past no matter any of us can go But I want to make sure That I represented in the right way and knowing that he was a believer in a person who really strongly felt good about God no matter what he done so many people try to figure this thing out from a physical standpoint But it's a spiritual standpoint that we need to be tapping into right And once you're still here no matter what you're going through you're here for a reason god Left you here for a reason because I remember the trauma that you went through right and it took a minute And they thought that you weren't going to pull through right but look at you right now You pulled through you're speaking. You're great. You know what I mean? So it just takes time and people need to stop cutting people off where Oh They're done. Yeah, they don't know what miracles left to come And and like you said, you know, like you know, like you were saying that does put stress on the family and all that So because i'm pretty sure a lot of the family they want to come out and say like not necessarily what's going on But go off on the right who's actually doing it. So like hey, yo give us this privacy Give us like like let him heal let him let him get himself together You know when he's good and ready he'll come out and let you know But everybody they they just want to know everybody gotta know everybody's gotta know everything man So I just think people just need to sit back relax Mind your business and make sure they choose straight and send them prayers up to jamming fox man because Like we just don't know what's going on, but we'll we'll know soon. We'll know soon when he good and ready Wow I'm gonna jump off that subject for man. We pray in for jamming fox speedy recovery, but As far as you when it comes down to the way that you approach in social media With the way things are we've seen a somewhat of a I see the way that the algorithm is changing somewhat the way they do things whether they be banning your own life Or coming up with ways to make you to where your page is not is noticeable Ice tea spoke strongly on social media when I interviewed him He talked about how they only let people see a little bit of what you're doing And it's just designated people's to who they they are choosing pretty much. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah Basically because of the money that being spent. That's the driving force of social media. So what are you going to do to kind of Maneuver your brain in the second that well the third the fourth third and fourth quarter and and coming into next year I just kind of I just kind of pay attention to the algorithm and when they be sending me like little notifications On stuff that I post I just you know just try to stay away from it But I try to create my own thing I watch what everybody else is liking and posting and stuff like that and I just kind of ride with that So if you've been watching my social media lately, I've been Everybody been gearing towards like sex and stuff like that on social media stuff like that So I just make stuff about me and my wife and everybody's liking it They sharing it everywhere So whenever I jump off of that whenever they start a new wave I'll just go along with that but I was making so much money on instagram at one point Like I was like, hey, like, you know, maybe, you know Comedy internet tick tock all this other stuff. I'm about to bring in rex and then they started They just stop like out of nowhere. Just stop and that's what I'm kind of referring to as well Because when you build up something and and and you think you have somewhat of an agreement with these people I think It's something when they just stop like you just stop like I'm talking about one day I made probably $200 the next day. It was no more monetized. No, nothing. It was gone And how do you readjust when they do something like that? Beyond switcher. I really want to get off of instagram beyond switcher I wish that somebody would create like another another channel and it ain't got to be just for black folks or whatever case is But I will say that they do Target black people on there. I don't you know, I don't like to try to make stuff about race But I but I watch it. I see that and I watch it all the time The same stuff that we do They won't post it But if another race does it it's all over they've blown it up and everybody's trying to get part of the train and stuff like that But it's like they didn't give us that same opportunity to own social media because Everybody's talented on there regardless of what ratio is everybody deserves an opportunity to make money on there A lot of people are using social media to build their careers and stuff like that up I'm a young comedian. I need the internet, you know, I'm saying it's not like back in the old days where You had to go around everywhere the newer generation We're social media. We're internet and you know, some people like it, you know, like it some people don't but it's just the way it is Like, you know, whenever the social media stuff stopped and I get older It might be something new and then I'm gonna just be the social media guy, you know what I'm saying? So I don't I just wish that they would just stop and just give everybody an equal opportunity Just like with tick tock everybody was on tick tock tick tock had took over instagram for a while And then they was trying to ban it for what? Wow, tick tock still paying though. So not like how it was though. They still paying but not like how it was You see they could decrease it now especially since there's no competition At least they're paying compared to all the platforms who's not paying anymore But since instagram stopped paying Did it make you feel like like why am I even posting right now? Like it don't make you feel like you just like well don't post as much as you used to well, no, I Even though I kind of just want to start with instagram But I get a lot of messages from people who be like, yo, I needed that this morning. I needed that laugh Thank you for that laugh. I was going through a lot. So that's why I keep posting on instagram You know to keep people watching they keep them You know stand on point to what I got going on because whenever people do see my posts and they see my name They're like, oh my god, what is what is he doing next? You know I'm saying so it makes people want to watch it makes people day and stuff like that Because it's a lot of stuff going on a lot of people going through stuff and even sometimes I go on other people page and watch stuff that they post Like my man, ha ha davis and all them and I'll be having a bad day and I go watch one of their videos and Be cracking up, you know, it's right in my day. So it ain't just about me, you know, that social media stuff It really helps people. I love it. Well, I just um I started this podcast right like a couple of years now. I've been an edit and I interview a lot of people I've interviewed people yourself Mike bless country when I country Wayne but uh, um All of them from Like I like say I've done a lot phase on I could keep naming a comedian a lot of people And a lot of times I look at the internet and I'll be like man It's crazy how we ask questions and how we get answers and how we communicate with the people that we interview I've seen uh tyrese and um Vlad going back and forth at each other because Vlad Had offered him $10,000 to come on his show But when he didn't his really tallyation was to talk about him in a down sparrow to boosie And to try to get boosie somewhat to interject into this conversation, but boosie Uh, uh must have great a and r even though you be asking the damn fool because he didn't know what to say He knows he's been doing it too long. He knows Boosie know what the people want man boost is boost. That's what they boosted though with the people want man Boosie ain't got to go into all that crazy. But he ain't trying to um, matter of fact I watched one interview with boosie when he was talking about um, that him in a ti situation And I had watched him talk about that and I said man boosie is growing growing man He is growing like, you know as a as a man, you know He's talking about his son and how they kids are friends and stuff like they was like, man We can't break that up man. You know what I'm saying?   You know I'm saying so All that stuff man like for you to offer somebody $10,000 and then if you gonna talk bad about him or try to get some Start, I mean that's the internet. That's just that's just what they want Well, he said he didn't know nothing about it You know, like I don't know anything about I didn't hear about the ti research which I seen a little bit on it The fact that the you know media was going in on him But then Tyrese come back and says that Vlad is a culture vulture and that he's pretty much taking You know, basically black uh blacks and exploit them and that's how he come up to be worth five million and the thing is It's like but he just doing interviews. He's been in the culture a long time too. You know, he's not He's not He's not one of us. Right. He's followed the hip hop era for a long time. You know what I'm saying? So it's a tough situation when you in in the box. I call this the box You're in the box and you trying to figure out how not to be critical and still trying to maintain like I interview We had a white lawyer this coming this evening like I don't discriminate when it comes down to who I interview but Just the way that this whole interview and process go What is the goods and the bads that you see when it comes to podcasting and going on certain people platforms Well for one, I don't think that some people even know what a podcast is Let me just get that out. I'm just and and that's them from a comment that me and you had talked about But somebody was like, well, y'all just talking What else are we supposed to do there? No pool tables right here? Like what are we supposed to do shooting darts or something like that? I don't think that a lot of people understand that a podcast is a conversation. It's all it is. You know what I'm saying and some people, um They ask good questions and you know, they get into you know The need to greet and stuff like that and some people they just they just want to talk about just nonsense Like it ain't even like a podcast.  Like why did you bring me here? You know, you could have text me. Do you know this stuff right here?  That's hard They supposed to learn something about you, you know, I'm saying to me That's what a podcast is. So when you watch an interview You know with me or whatever the case is Like the first one, you know, where I'm from, you know, I was in the military, you know, I was a bodyguard, you know A lot of different entertainers. Yeah, you know, so it just so you you know a little bit about hope the comedian Is this like some people they don't even ask you none of those questions They don't care about where you from they don't care about this. Hey, um, have you ever been in a fight? Have you have you ever did this? Do you like chicken? Like what like bro, like what are you like? What are you doing this? Like this is I think that was so funny because you were watching, um, cookout You remember that part where wendy williams. She was the interviewer. She kept throwing stuff in there. She kept asking. Um, Um, do you what what what she said? Like did your mom kid? Did your mom have issues with your dad? Yeah, was there any violence? Did your dad not help you? She was doing that to make it she was showing a point to she was acting Yeah, she wanted that cloud she wanted those type of questions that there was some sort of mess I mean, it's cool to throw a little bit of mess in there. It's fine But like you also have to do your homework too and like be prepared and have your questions and stuff ready and stuff Like that you can just tell that some of these people don't be they don't know what they're doing They just go into it. I definitely uh, like I said, it's it's not a It's easy for me because I talk about different things I will bring in because the thing is to bring someone Into this conversation it a have to be something that's a Topic that's going on and everybody is talking about it And and it can't be too close to something to where you might Hurt somebody's family by what you say, right? That's not what But the thing is how do we feel about it is a thing that I look at is if we tell how you feel about a certain situation It may help somebody else on a positive level. It don't have to be negative It can be something about something like Vlad for instance bringing that up, you know I'm not here to bash Vlad. I basically have had people come over here that's had didn't too much rock with him because of Some he might have done but I will Talk about certain things that he say or do because he talked about my stuff Right, so it's basically an open playing field. You know what I'm saying? And I mean that's gonna happen, you know, I'm saying when people create different platforms or whatever it is that you're doing Comedian Podcasts like playing football. I mean whatever it is you do you're gonna have people that's gonna be trying to go back on for it It's just part of the game with a case is but it's really how you go about it Are you doing it because somebody did something to you or are you doing it just because you're just trying to get Some you know I'm saying something is starting to understand that and Like with me, I'm not gonna follow the mess. I'm not gonna get into the mess or whatever the case is I might reply back, but that's about all it's gonna be I ain't gonna be trying to look for you to fight you.  Yeah. Yeah, you're trying to get me out of character Yeah, I think that's crazy. So what do you what like? Like do you ever any of those people that you work with in the past for security or any other thing?  He said he just see oh you see the interview Yeah, he see the interview man and he he was laughing man. He was just laughing man. He remember that night He probably remember that night That's my dude. He's like he hope didn't come back after that But but I talked to a lot of people I still talk to the same people Um because I was actually doing security in the clubs and some of my guys who I was doing security within the clubs I told them I was like, hey man I'm about to uh You know get into the comedy game and they said bro do it Do it. I remember one of my dogs one of my dogs is named Benna Me and him was talking about it. I said, bro, I'm about to do this comedy thing and he write me all the time He'd be like, bro, you said you was gonna do it and look at you, bro You doing I'm proud of me.  I shoot them to contact, but I'm not going with you Okay, so when you was talking to those guys about guys about getting into comedy Did you ever in one? Did you ever ever in your mind thing that you'd be working night and day Day in every event with it with Eddie Griffith. Nope. Nope to be honest. You never thought about it I never to be honest with you I personally Thought that I would still probably be doing You know a lot of stuff trying to build my name book right now For me to be able to jump in and five months later and be on the road and be on tour is nothing but a blessing But even when I was doing security and stuff like that like this is me It's not a it's not just something that I just said. Hey, I'ma try it out I said hey, I'ma jump into it. But I've always been a comedian.  So it was kind of like it was my calling But I had to like, you know Get out there to it first, you know, I'm saying it just wasn't it just wasn't there yet because my mind was just focused on So much stuff. I was trying to do so many things Which is like in the back of my mind. It was like, no, you need to be doing this.  I'm having fun. You know, I'm saying like this throughout this whole process I've learned so much and Every time I step on stage, I'm becoming better and better and better. I watch every show I watch. Um, everybody's, um They reactions and certain stuff I say I just like I study myself because I do want to be the best that I can be I do have a lot of comedians that be hating and talking junk, but hey, it'll be all right.  Yeah, that's cool. You want to be on tour? But what are you doing to get on tour? A lot of people don't know when I first started I was ubering and doing all that stuff to try to make money to get on the road and I'm out here, you know Taking little side jobs to make money to get on the road and stuff like that You know, a lot of people don't know the you know the struggle you really got to go through It's not just about being funny. You have to get a lot of stuff in place in order To be able to do this type of where it's not just gonna come And it's you know, it's just such a blessing and to be with Eddie. That's man, that's It still ain't hit me yet. Let me ask you this Okay, because you said still ain't hit you yet in the last show I've seen Eddie and he was he in his rare form and he said you could sue me. Whatever. I don't care. You could be mad I'm about me saying this or that. I'm I'm gonna leave the game. You know, I'm getting ready to retire Okay, fast forward, you know, that's the way I took it Eddie come to you and this hypothetical And he say I'm done I'm not gonna mess with this no more. I'm out What does what does a Hulk comedian do at that point? At that point I will ask him Can you give me any guidance on how I can take this further? You know with myself and on what other steps I need to take to be able to Continue doing this right here even though you stop and like will you still be my mentor? Which I know he'll still be my mentor But will you still like will you be able to give me any kind of connections anybody? I can let go with to where You know, I can start doing certain things as well because I know that he has connections that I don't have But I don't ask him, you know for that stuff right there. You know, I just keep it humble I do my job as you know as of right now because I know it'll come Um, I don't know how much time he got left to you know, he's going to continue doing this But right now, I mean, I'm just having fun with my dog managers and just and just enjoying this experience And if it was the end if he was to tell me, hey man, this is my last weekend. Hey man, look I appreciate everything you've done for me my dog.  Wow. Yeah, well, you think about that. Do you like that question? Because I just feel like you know, you have to be prepared for anything that could go a different way because It'd been doing this a long long time. I remember he told a story about when he first went to, uh, California and he was trying to get a gig and he Didn't have the right structure. He didn't have the people to structure it around him So they said can we call your manager or whatever and he would go out and get on the phone and act as his manager You know what I mean and talk to him in fake like he was a manager.  He said look at you trying to stay humble. I try to keep it humble I'm going to stay humble because I'm not going to allow my head to get big because I'm still with behind the He is in this game even though I am with Eddie Griffin and you know, that's that's something very major something big and You know, it's definitely a blessing I'm keeping it humble because at the end of the day, like you said this can end at any moment He can just a man. I've been doing this 40 plus years man. This is I don't you know I made another money. I got my kids stuff like that. I can see you being in film I would love to be in film. I see you know who um I put in mind when I see you because the way how you love to joke around and stuff, but you're big What's the guy's name? um and friday Terry cruise not Terry cruise. I'm thinking about the other one not friday. Oh my god He's a big guy and he always make his chest jump Um, Terry cruise do that all the time, but that's not him. Terry cruise. I'm looking for that dance battle By the way, I'm gonna just shoot that out there. Oh I'm seeing somebody else in my mind. It's not Oh, no, you talk about the one in No, you talking about in norbit. That's who it is. Norbit. Hold on. I'm trying to you talk about one of the brothers In I'm thinking you think about talking about Terry cruise. You think so There's two of them.  No, he's not bigger than him, but he's still muscular Yeah, I don't I'm gonna tell you talking about but but I think you're not pinkie. No Pinkie was on on orbit with with Terry cruise. Yeah, but he was big though Yeah, but still you you say he ain't bigger than Terry cruise the other guy that his brother was bigger than him Yeah, the the guy. Yeah, I don't know who the heck you talking about. I'm gonna tell y'all, but I don't know why I see you doing a part like that where you know because of how big you are You know, you come across looking intimidating But then you turn around and break out dancing because just like how you doing a lot of your skits on instagram You always be dancing and you know cracking up and stuff like that So I see you doing stuff like that in a movie because it's it's the way, you know, how people look at people I know that people don't look at me as a comedian, but that's I love it I love it because it makes you wonder what is he about to do? What is he gonna say? Like I know every time I walk on stage and people looking at me like what?  He really does got something to say, you know, I would love to be in film I would love to act because I mean I can I can play, you know all kind of roles I can do all kind of stuff um and I do all that in my skills Um my skits and I also do it the other movie scenes and stuff too I've gotten back into doing like certain movie scenes and stuff too, but I put a little twist to it Like I did the um the Django Raid um not too long ago where they had the bags on but I took some Kroger bags And put them and put little holes in them or I do like rush hour or I you know just all the movie scenes I actually about um I got some Terry Crews um scenes from uh white chicks that I'm about to I already got in the bag, but I put out so much content is just you know, I'm gonna get to it But I would love to act I would love to act and you know comedy I don't necessarily want to play like a A serious like a serious role because that's that's not me I mean, but I guess because of how I look and tattooed so like that I would get that part But it could be a bodyguard. Yeah.  I can run away So take that around with it Wow I think I think you you you Whatever you decide to do because of the way that you built the foundation for your your your social media your your whole brand I think um, it'll it'll do it'll do just fine when I asked you that question about Eddie Griffin It was basically because he could at some point go another way But he's he's got a litany of things that he've already accomplished right Malcolm and Eddie and all the stuff that he done The thing is like for you to even link up with him.  That was a blessing Eddie is is one of he's a freak of nature when he come down to comedy He killed everything that he ever touched anything that he done. He was in orbit. I just thought about that, you know, like It's the guy I was thinking about that's Terry Crews. Oh, is that god? I knew that was your turn I knew that already No, because when you think when you say Terry Crews, you know who I was thinking about Debo, that's you It's the same reason I was putting when you say Terry Crews. I'm thinking about Debo That's why I was like you can say the thing with Eddie When he always talking about how Richard Pryor raised him 17 years in the game and stuff like that I always think to myself. That's how I want to be with him. Wow. That's how I want to be that's how I want to be with him like Every time I go on stage I always go damp the whole team up and I damp Eddie up and he'll be like go kill him hope And when he say that to me, I'll be like I gotta go make him proud. I gotta make my dog proud So I put my all into it and I have fun with it But it's just like when we dab each other when he's coming on stage He'll look at me and it just makes me feel like Dang bro, like thank you, man. Thank you for this opportunity, man And a lot of people they'll probably be like trying to like even in the videos y'all see when we do the promo videos it's like it's like Like like a genuine friendship and a lot of people don't get that and he'll never tell me know He'll never turn me down. He asked me am I good? Like it's just that's my dog man Like wow some you keep saying is humble. I've been hearing a few people from trio talk no pill talk Let me say because that's the first person I heard see it To wallow to this other guy. I don't even know his name But he was on the show in Atlanta. He said and these guys are turning it around and saying that To say you are humble is weak and and basically they don't want to be humble. They want to be Narcissists or whatever because of the way that definition is and I I see where they are taking it there But I also know that when you talk about different people like ellie griffin like Warren Buffett like uh, uh, uh Elon musk all like Steve Madden when I met him and over the years and been around him When guys have already arrived and they've they've done the things that they they pretty much set their goals to do And they still come across as genuine people and show you that humbleness Words can't explain the fact of how it makes you as a person feel to see one that could be a whole different way In a position of I'm humble. What do you think when you hear people say that being humble the thing that you you just was saying That that's not a good thing.   They um I I just think it's just people they they just want to look a certain way They just want to want people to see them as a certain way as being hard or tough or like they don't cry Like you human just like everybody else you human just like everybody else man And if you remain humble your blessings will come wow I like I like the way you may be your blessings will come. Yeah, and I and I get it I just was I've been struggling with that cause I understand where they're coming from when they say it But I do know that the definition and the expression is kind of different. Right. Oh man, that's crazy the definition Right the way you define it out of a book and the way that I feel about it when I see you right. It's two different things right right, you see what I'm saying because When you seeing somebody act a certain way on social media internet or whatever the case is nine times out of 10 They ain't like that in real life. So why would you even want to put that out there?   I had somebody um write me yesterday and It was a lady and her husband and I was doing soundcheck at the club and they had started letting people in So I said, all right, let me get out of here and they shot me a DM and said, oh, I just saw you I was starstruck and I saw and I wrote back I said where you and your husband it and I went over there and spoke and it was just like and They were just like, oh man, you came over and spoke.  But you know the funny thing that um You know how like are we the interviews right right? We have all different people who come in here when you meet people because we're who we are So we don't treat nobody differently.  What up? Treat you like anybody else. I remember one day Because we don't listen to the radio as much. So I was driving on the road This is the radio and I heard someone's music who's been on the show And that's at the point when it dawned on me like Damn, these people are really like big.  That's you. I don't have to speak to you. I'm not going to speak to you I'm not going to look at you any different, but that's just how you are if that's going how you're going to be Then that's how you're going to be I wanted Did you see two part got the star on the walk face? I'm like man, they should have been gated man. That's stars man.  I'm like then I thought about when you were walking out there. I was like damn I didn't see two box star there, but we didn't walk the whole strip and look at all the stars I'm like you they should have been When I seen it I was proud, but I was like I was kind of pissed off a little bit at the same time I was like what like why are y'all just not doing this, you know But then like I asked him because a lot of time when you think about two part the first next name you think about is biggie I'm like, that's biggie have a star You see what I mean You give two park one, you know, that's coming next if he don't have one. He's coming next they on section And the sad part about it is why beside each other I seen two box so stone there I seen my boy Malik you self on there. I seen a lot of people that I seen trench on there I ain't seen these guys in a while. So I'm pretty excited about that. You know, I mean to see And I missed my boy because I know he would have been there from digital underground A shock g past away r.i.p. But you know, it was stuff like that man to get those memories in there I've been posting a lot of people that been on the show and talked about them different people Because like man, it's the best time to just drop it. It's birthday coming up The 16th and it's like the next Friday. It was kind of it was kind of like martin when they gave martin He's I see just got here too It's crazy. I see just got here All the work that they've been putting I didn't I didn't know the process of like is that like what's going on with this process And nobody knows because when I ask nobody, no, I heard that one Bugs Bunny got one. Yeah, I heard something but I you know, I don't go about what I hear You know what people would say, but I heard that you got feel like applications I was like, I don't know if it's true or not whatever. I mean, but if that's if that is true Can I get an application? Do Eddie got one? I don't think so. Eddie Griffin don't have a star in the water. That's crazy Eddie don't have one. Y'all need to get my dog a star man No, that's getting serious But I can ask him as many actors and actresses and movie stars and everybody Singers because they do singers they do all these different genres on there Um, they're gonna run out of space. It's ludicrous. Got one. It's just got it. It's it's it's people who got stars who Who deserve they start everybody deserve they start Well, it's people who got stars that I feel like should be getting they start now because it's people way who them put A whole lot of work and before them, you know, all of them deserve they start, you know I'm saying they're in the acting and stuff like that. Wow Music and all that good. I'm upset like you about that park star. I think you should have been got it You know some of the songs that how long will your monument meal gives the world All these different and the acting man two already just two possible doing concerts Hologram hologram people pan to see the hologram that man ain't got no star. He's just not getting to start Come on now, man man Come on man, how can people get a hold of you if they try to reach out to your hope Hey, man, if y'all want to get a hold of me, man, y'all can follow me on social media Tiktok instagram. Hope the comedian h u l k t h e comedian You can hit me up on my email. Hope the comedian calm and uh, I mean hey, that's why my book is and stuff come from Man, so I mean, I hope to hear from y'all if y'all like my content, man, let me know I'm if y'all want to see more content. Let me know. I'm gonna keep it coming Um, and y'all, you know, I'm saying I'm gonna stay humble and stay true to the craft, man Man, this guy, man, they are like I said at the improv up in alison, man It's crazy, man. This this weekend is it's sold out.  Look at the tickets Get your tickets now all shows will sell out and I repeat all shows will sell out Weeks in advance man weeks in advance.  Thank you for coming on the show, man Always man. I'm always like I always did your justice here, man on boss talk 101 We're gonna as long as god give us room to breathe and being these we've been here 17 years going on now. So hey man, listen, man, we're gonna always invite you in and we love you, bro Thank you so much, man. Say man, we're gonna always do that.


During this module, we will be looking at importance of APA code of ethics with regard to research and publication. One of an important concept and aspect of research and publication is related to informed consent. We really need to carefully weigh that in which circumstances we are going to use informed consent and how. In certain circumstances, we need to be very careful that if we are going to use informed consent, maybe it will overall reune the purpose of the research. And on the other hand, if we are not going to use the informed consent, it may be considered very unethical. So let us review that in which circumstances we need to give the informed consent to the participants and in which circumstances we are not supposed to give that to the participants. Like informed consent for recording voices and images in research is one scenario. Psychologists obtain informed consent from participants prior to recording their voices or their images for data collection. As a journal rule, they are supposed to do that unless research design includes deception. And as a student of psychology, you are well aware of the fact that what is deception? By now, we have been talking a lot about deceptive techniques and its importance. And specifically, in the case of deception, we will not use informed consent because we have given the participants a scenario in which we want to see their true behavior. And if we first give them informed consent, they will show altruistic behavior, which will not be able to fulfill the purpose of our research and it will reune. Then consent for the use of recording is obtained during debriefing. So those are all scenarios in which we did not take consent form prior to the beginning of research. In that, we have told them on the debriefing stage that now you will give us your informed consent that we have either observed your voices, your images, your behaviors or recorded them. They are the different type of researches which we have been talking about. They are the classical one, they are modern in nature. But this is very much true that if we are using deceptive techniques, in that situation, we have to ensure that the participants' behavior is natural. They can perform with their full zeal. They should not be afraid that they are being recorded.  Because if this image goes, we will not be able to truly assess the behavior. The research consists solely of naturalistic observations in public places and it is not anticipated that the recording will be used in a manner that could cause personal identification or harm. Now you can see that there are many situations in which we are doing natural observations. Now there can be many phenomena of natural observations. For instance, in an open public place, there are already different cameras and we have not taken any informed consent from them. But through them, we are recording some activity of the general public. That could be maybe the helping behaviors of others in problematic situations. We set a scene in which an individual is going to an old age person and he falls unconsciously. And now we are seeing which people are coming to help him which is available in his surroundings. Now they do not know that this is a set-up, a stage, this is a deception and we are seeing the helping behavior towards this phenomenon. But in the recording, we are seeing that first of all, maybe he has a small child, then a woman, then two young people and they are helping him. And we repeat this scene in different settings and we conclude that in such a situation, when there is so much availability in all kinds of people in our surroundings, which people first show their helping behavior towards an elderly person? Right? So in such a situation, where no harm is being given to anyone, where that child, that young person, that woman, it does not matter that their behavior is being recorded on an individual's behavior, it will not be a harm to take any form of informed consent. Similarly, when the government is recording voices or images for a lot of reasons, for instance, they are for traffic jams, for instance, they are to stop the crime rate, then there is no need for informed consent, because a general information is given to people that these places and these voices can be recorded and observed. Like a lot of telephonic data is being recorded and people know that this is being recorded. Then dispensing with informed consent for research. So there are certain circumstances in which the psychologist are required to dispense the informed consent because if permitted by law, federal or institutional regulation, they can only conduct the research. If we get permission from that law, that authority, where we are going to do research, from that institution, from that organization, and along with that, in many such setups, where any authority figure is present, we cannot do that research without taking informed consent. Search could not reasonably be assumed to create distress and harm and involves study of educational practices, curicula, or class management. For instance, if you go to school and do research, then what will they see if you take permission from the administration? They will see if the research is psychologically upset or if they create any kind of distress in the administration. If there is no such thing, then they will allow you and you can use that questionnaire and that research tool to the participants. Then only anonymous questionnaire, naturalistic observation or archival research for which disclosure of responses would not place participants at risk. We have talked about two scenarios. One is naturalistic observation. You are proceeding without informed consent. Similarly, if you have anonymous surveys, then you can do certain things there as well. We require that we do not need informed consent, but if it is altogether anonymous, like you have sent a link to someone on the web, then you do not need any name or identity there. You do not need informed consent there because no one can access the data from whom it came from. And then archival research, in which we are using different kinds of archives as our study source, then we will not take informed consent from the participants because the things that are read in the archives have access to everyone and that data is a part of our record research, so we can withdraw further information from it. The study of the factors related to job or organization effectiveness conducted in organizational setting for which there is no risk to participants' employability and confidentiality is protected. Whenever we are going to conduct research in any organization, this is very much important to ensure that the confidentiality, the job employability and job satisfaction and all other factors which is related to that organization should be protected. If we ask the participants of ISRA's questions which are exploring their work-based issues and also their management issues, we are asking ISRA's questions which can reflect their distress and we did not take informed consent from that management, so that would be considered highly unethical. So these are the scenarios in which we are looking at where to dispense the informed consent in certain situations where the informed consent cannot be given yet the research could be conducted.


Hey everybody welcome back to magic orthodoxy my name is David and this is my deck collection Hey today, we're gonna look at all the decks. I have from illusionist now again This is all the decks. I have in my collection Of course, I have duplicates of many decks, but I'm not here to show you my duplicates That's just you know overboard. I just want to show you the decks the single individual decks I have in my collection probably one time. I'll go and show you Duplicates show you my personal stash, but just for now. This is just my collection. All right ready. Let's go First up inverted Kings from Daniel Madison and Peter McKinnon. This is a white tuck box But inside it is actually a black deck next up the black artifice This was a hard to find deck for quite a while But recently illusionist had a sale and so I was able to pick one up that also brings me to the gold Artifice, which was also one of those hard to find decks and I'm glad I was able to add this to my collection as Well red arcane designed by Lee McKenzie Lee is in the awesome Graphic artist and so this is a wonderful addition to the illusionist series and the purple LTDs from Peter McKinnon It's very simplified deck very classy and Peter McKinnon's blue LTDs did a review for this a while back and I'm looking forward to reviewing purple One of the more newer decks the bumblebee deck from open Jones and Daniel Madison and with that the killer The deck from open Jones and Daniel Madison Madison gamblers. This is a gas deck So inside this are the gas you need to do the tricks that accompany the DVD set and Also ultra gas from Daniel Garcia and Wayne Houchin. This is another gas deck that accompanied a DVD set. This one is the plain Gaff deck that illusionist released a long time ago It was available in both red and blue and the last of the gas decks is the Artifice gas deck that was released through the gas system Next up we have the red master edition. This was a Bicycle rebranding done on a thicker card stock black shadow masters a Wildback illusionist did a whole series of black decks and this was one of them the white arcane This was my favorite of all the arcane releases Next up we have ignite. These were playing cards that were inspired by fire Fathom these were playing cards that were inspired by water part of the prohibition series This is the second version of absence that was later released as an individual deck Also part of the prohibition series 52 proof. I picked this up when they were released individually There are a lot of Artifice colors out there. I don't have that many I do have green and I do have blue Artifice tundra another one of the colors I have it's a white deck. So this is the deck. I like more than the other colors Also, I have the ghost series. I have both the black ghost and the white ghost Peter McKinnon's first deck release Republic which was another really simple very beautiful deck Adam Wilbur's new deck keeper Also designed by open Jones Another old classic deck the tally hove viper cards that were done with the classic tally ho look But in silver and black the original red 1800s this was a deck that was a bicycle deck But then made to look distressed and then the blue 1800s that were later released as a marked Deck and then the classic that started it all black tiger when illusionist first released this it was done So as a rider back that had inverted colors. So it was black And white, but it done in kind of like a negative aspect Not many people had seen a custom deck before and so this was pretty off the charts And this probably was the deck that started it all. All right, so there you have it That's my illusionist collection. Did I show your favorite deck or did I not what is your favorite illusionist deck? Let us know in the comment section below and as always if you'd like to purchase any of these decks You can find them at illusionist comm. Thanks. Bye


and away from the House of Representatives. The River State Commander of the Nigerian Security and Civil Defense Corps, NSCDC, has vowed not to relent in a fight against pipeline vandalism and illegal dealings in petroleum products until the state is rid of such economic sabotage. The state commandant, Abu Tambawal, was speaking while, when he addressed officers and men during a must-appraise and the unveiling of three operational vehicles presented to the command by the Commander-in-General, Abu Ghaka Aoudi, the report. The state commandant of Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps, NSCDC in River State, Abu Tambawal, expressed delight at the various welfare programs of the Commander-in-General, Ahmed Aoudi, who has turned around the fortunes of the Corps within one year in office. We are indeed happy, the morale booster given to the River State Command. I call on the officers and men, generally, in the command to build up the common saying to whom much is given, much is expected. With this development, we'll be on ground and the vandals, bankers, will be on their feet and we'll pass you them up. The commander of Zone L, James Bass, is stressed that the fight against pipeline vandalism and oil theft is non-negotiable, as the Corps is determined to continue waging war against illegal dealings in petroleum products. This is as a result of your dexterity as a command. The work you've put in to ensure that the commandant of the service is carried through to the letter. This is just to show you that the National Equators are very pleased with your activities here every one month and the State has done so much. Tambua reaffirmed its commitment to ensure that the mandate of the Corps is pursued with resilience and dedication towards the guiding critical national assets. The bunker sites and their implements as well as operatives were destroyed. Several arrests were made, including the trucks, vehicles and the cars laden with suspected products. This is a great achievement and it brings us together to know ourselves more and also to work together towards achieving common goal and that is sanity in that aspect. In the supply efforts to ensure that we clean these three states, special river states of all kinds of vandals, all kinds of vandals, so we want to get engaged in very, very creative, legal means of livelihood. Tambua said it is paramount for officers and men of NSCDC to ensure pipeline and professionalism in their conduct because the Corps will not condone any action that is inimical to the image of the Corps. It called on river states residents to support the command by providing useful information that will help bring the menace to an end. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Okay, so thank you for coming, and to this talk where I will talk about histogram support in the upcoming MySQL 8.0. My name is Estan Gravelen, and I work for the optimizer team at Oracle, the MySQL optimizer team. So the agenda for my talk is that I will start with a motivating example about why you want to care about histograms, as a quick start guide on how to use it, how are it used internally in MySQL, some example of how you can get better query plans by using histograms and end up with some, concluded some advice. So for the motivating example on the need for histograms, I have this simple join query here. You're joining two tables, the orders and the customer tables, and I have some rare conditions on the date and the account balance of the customer. And if I run explain on this query, you will get a query plan, the plan that the optimizer has chosen in order to execute this query. And what you can see from the output is that it will start with the orders tables, and then for each row of the orders tables, it will do lookups into the customer table to find the matching row. And you can see which index is used. This one will be using a table scan. And that is because when you are looking for more than 30% of rows, using an index is not optimal anymore, because you will access so many rows that is more efficient to just scan through the entire table. We have an index on order date, as we can see here, but we are choosing not to use it. This estimate you have here on filtering is pretty accurate, because when you have an index, what the optimizer does is ask the storage engine, in this case InnoDB, how many rows are in this range. And what the storage engine does, or InnoDB does in that case, is it takes the start of the range and end of the range, and navigates through the B3, and then it estimates the distance between the two pages that it founds the start and end row in. And that way it has a pretty good estimate on the size of the range. However, for the other table, the customer table, we don't have an index on this account balance column. So the optimizer does not have any information about the selectivity of this condition. But what it does, in MySQL 5.7, it makes a guess. And since this is a range, it guesses that probably one-third could be in this guess. But this is just a guess, not something it has any basis for except the type of expression here. So you might wonder, is this really the best join order? So one way to try the difference is to use a hint. And if this was 8.0, I can actually force the join order with this hint. I say, customer should be before orders. In earlier versions, you have straight join that can do the same. But then I would have to switch the order here because then customer actually has to come before the orders in the join query. So this new hint has the advantage that you don't have to edit your query in order to specify the join order. And what I see when I execute these queries is that if I switch the join order, it's much faster. It goes from 15 seconds to one second. And the reason for that is that there is no customer that has account balance of less than minus 1,000. So actually, if you do this order, you will scan through the entire customer table, you will find nothing, and there will be no look-ups into the orders table. But the optimizer is not able to know that because it does not have any information about the selectivity of this condition. And that is where histograms come in. So what I can do, I can say, create a histogram using this syntax. I'm coming back to more on that on this column. And after that, you see that now it will pick this join order. There's no join hint that forcing this join order. It picks it by itself because now it knows that the filtering here is 0%. So now you see why the histogram is a useful addition when you don't have any other statistics on your columns. So a quick start guide on histograms, or I could also call it all you need to know about histograms probably. It's not that much. So histograms is statistics on columns, the distributions of the values you have for your columns. You've grouped the data values into buckets. I will get back to what that means. And for each bucket, you calculate the frequency of values in that bucket. For the histograms, we have a maximum of 1,024 buckets. MySQL builds a histogram. It could either base it on all the rows of the table or on a sample of the rows of the table. It depends basically on the available amount of memory you reserve for creating the histogram. And there are two histogram types which are automatically chosen by MySQL. It could either be a single true, which has one value per bucket, or an equity height, which can have multiple values per bucket. I will show you now what that means. If you have a single histogram, you have one value per bucket. And for each bucket, you store the value and the cumulative frequency for that bucket. Here's an example. You have a set of values between... A column has a set of values, a domain between 0 and 10, and you have like 14% 0s, you have 22% 1s, and so on. And this is very useful because since you have one bucket for each value, you can both estimate easily the quality frequency or the range frequency because the quality will be, as I said, if you have the column equal to 0, if you know it's 14% in that, that is the selectivity. And if it's like less than 5, you know that is the sum of these four buckets gives you the selectivity. And you see, if there's no value, like for 4, there's no value. So there's no bucket for 4 here. So you can also determine, or for values larger than 10. So you can easily determine if a certain value is not in your database. But often you have columns that can take very many values, and then you can't have one bucket for each value. So then we have something called equity height histograms, and then multiple values per bucket. And the ones we have implemented, it's not true equity height because unlike the basic equity height histograms, we do not split values across buckets. So because in this case, this is the same values as we had on the previous slides, but now we have only five buckets. More than one in each, potentially more than one value per bucket. And you see that a nice feature with the not the quite equity height approach is that for high frequency value, you get a separate bucket. So for the most, the most frequent value is one, and in this case you actually get a separate bucket for one. So if you have something like equals one or not equals one, you get a pretty good estimate. But in other cases, equity height is best for range and not always that good for equality. Take the example of if you have something equal six. You have this bucket with five and six, and you see that the frequency for this bucket is 13%, so we estimate there's six and a half percent of each. But in this case, there was actually 12% with five and 1% with six. So you see that equity height histograms when you do ranges is not that accurate as a singleton histogram. So for these equity height histograms, we store the minimum value, the maximum value. The frequency, community frequency, and the number of distinct values. So how to create or refresh a histogram for a column? You do an analyze table command, but it's a special variant where you say update histogram on a set of columns with a set of buckets. Note that this analyze table command, it will just do the histogram. When you say update histogram, it will just do that. It will not do the other analyze. The normal thing you do with analyze table. And you can drop a histogram some columns too. As I said earlier, whether to do sampling or use the entire table is based on available memory, which you can set with this variable. The default is to use 20 megabyte while creating the histogram. This is about the amount of memory when creating the histogram, not the final storage of the histogram. We have implemented a new storage engine API for the sampling part, which... But the default implementation will even, in the sampling case, it will do a full table scan. So if it has only enough memory for 20% of the value, it will read the entire table, but just pick every fifth row. But it's possible for a storage engine to implement a more efficient sampling. So for the case, we won't innovate to implement this in a way that instead of reading every fifth row, it reads every fifth page because that would be much more efficient. The histogram is stored in a JSON column in data dictionary. And you can use an information schema table or view to inspect the histogram. So I just specify... I select from the column statistics a view of the information schema, and then I specify the schema name, table name, and column name to get the histogram for a specific column. And then you will see something like this. You will see the buckets. This case, the histogram type is a singleton, so there will be two values. The value for the bucket and the cumulative frequency for this bucket. You see, they are increasing all the way to 1 since it's a cumulative value. You see the data type? How many null values there for this column? The collation ID, it does not matter when it's integer, but if it's string, it tells you how it compares values. When it you last updated the histogram, so there's no automatic updates. If you want to refresh because your values have changed or something, you need to do another analyze table command. Here you can see the sampling rate. So what you could do if you want to have a full histogram over the whole table, you can say, oh, it used only 20%. Let's increase my memory usage to 100 megabytes and you can sample an entire... Or you can base it on the entire thing. And the number of buckets specified, I didn't forget to mention that in the syntax. You have this with and buckets where you can specify how many buckets used. And this part is added because when you do a MySQL pump or dump, it will actually put the analyze table commands into the dump file so that when you run it, load it again, you will actually get recreated the histograms. So that's why it stores the original specification because if this is a singleton, like here, it only has seven buckets. But if you specified it with 1024 and the data has changed, you want it to still be a singleton, for example. And we can use this information schema Now, first for strings, you consider maximum 42 characters. So if you have very long strings and they all have the first 42 characters are the same, then this is kind of not the best... But... And they are base 64 encoded. This is because what is stored in data dictionary, or in JSON in general is dutyF8. But you can, in theory, have any characters at here. So it's not necessarily valid JSON, valid dutyF8 character strings that you are storing. So you have to decode them in order to see strings. And there's a... What I would think is a bad guy. I think we will fix before GAs. There's some prefix here that should probably be hidden from you. So... But the basic thing here is that I use the JSON table function in 8.0 to convert these histograms, or the brackets array, into a relational table. So this way you can... You can get the table of the values and you can see here the cumulative frequency. But if you want to see the actual frequency of each bucket, you can use a window function. As Sergei talked about earlier, you take the value of this bucket and then you subtract the values of the previous bucket. That was the lag function. It refers to the first previous in this case. And since I know this array is already sorted, I don't need something in the overall closer. And that way you can actually see that we have, for this order status column, we have 48.6% Fs and 48.8% O's and just 2.6% P's, for example. And that's a typical column where you want a singleton histogram, because whether... If they have something equals F here and you optimize that without a histogram, I think this is really selective. It's not because it's like 50% of the rows have this value. So how are histograms used? The most important use case is for when the optimizer want to optimize join queries. Because I say we do something on the first table and then there's some filtering here and what's left goes into lookups into the next table. And it's this filtering here that's important to know because then you will know how costly is this next step. So it's probably one of the major issues with many query plans is that the optimizer does not get the cardinality right here. It does not estimate the effects of the intermediate steps of a join. And they are, as I've already touched upon, several ways the optimizer gets these estimates. In MySQL 5.7, it could base it on the range estimates that I talked about earlier, the way you do deep or dives into the index and then you compute the distance. There's also index statistics, what you get with the normal analyze table command. And we added in 5.7 some guesstimates here that said that if it's a quality, it's 10% if it's some less than, and so it's one third and so on. Just to have some estimates here because some filtering is better than no filtering. Often, if you have one table with some filtering and one table without any, you would prefer to start with one with some filtering. What's different now is that you have histograms here. Still, the range estimates are the most accurate, but histograms is much better than guesstimates. And this is why histogram is not that important in MySQL as in many other databases because most databases does not do this range estimate using an index. So the use of histograms is mostly in MySQL for columns, or is for columns where you don't have an index. So you can then have different ways of getting estimates here. You have the range estimate for this column here if you have an index and in this equality you can use some other kind of statistics. And then you have these guesstimates if you don't have histograms. And then you compute the total here. We assume that they are not correlated with this condition so you compute this selectivity by multiplying the different here. And then if you add histograms here, you see that if you look at this one third for h greater than 21 for m, please, it's probably not a very good estimate. But since an optimizer does not know what the word employee or age mean, it needs something to guide it and that's the histograms in this case. So it actually happened that 95% of the history of the employees are older than 21 and that means that the selectivity computed here goes up from 0.01 to 0.03. And then here you see we still have one that is a guesstimate and 10% is probably too frequent even if John is a frequent name. You could add a histogram here too but it's not necessarily that good since you probably have too many names to make a singleton histogram so the equality will probably not be that accurate computed. So in this case you probably should add an index or name because if you look at these conditions there, it's actually the name that is the most selective one. So actually in this case you probably want to start with the empty table and filter out on name using an index. The other ones here is not that selective and so an index might not be useful and then you could use a histogram instead. Here's an example of how we use histograms. This is still an age column and in this case it's not employees but the entire population. So you see there's an equity height because you have 10 buckets and it's around 10% in each of the buckets and most of them are like about 7 or 8 years in each bucket except the last one that for natural courses is a bit wider in range and we have stored for each bucket we have the cumulative frequency stored and to show you why this is most useful I can go through an example here where we are looking for all that are 21 years and below. First we do is identify the bucket for 21. It's this one. Then to compute the selectivity we first check the cumulative frequency of the previous bucket which is 20.3% and all these we know that these are younger than 21 and since we have the cumulative frequency we don't have to check the frequency in this bucket but it's enough to check the previous one. We know that we have at least 20% but then we need to figure out how large part of this bucket should go into this condition. So then we check the frequency for that bucket but then we need to take into account that less than or equal to 21 is like 5 or 8 of 8 values in that bucket so you add that fraction to the selectivity and you end up with 0.267 as the filtering effect of this condition and if you want the opposite you just do 1 minus the previous one so you get that 73% is older than 21. Another example of a query this is a query from the DB2.3 benchmark where you don't need to understand the type where it's called a volume shipping query and actually what it does it calculates the revenue of goods going from suppliers in Russia to customers in France and vice versa and we don't have an index on the name and as I said earlier if you would be guessing we would say that 10% would be Russia and 10% would be France which probably is not accurate because near the Russian there are more than 10 countries in the world. Without histogram we get this plan we start with a full table scan or one normal join plan start with a full table scan or a range scan and then you do lookups into each table either a secondary index or a primary index all the way to have chained together all the tables in this case that means that you get like 855,000 primary key lookups into the other nation table but when you add his grant to this you see that there's very few combination here so actually it's better to just combine these France and Russia early on and then you just you avoid thousands of primary key lookups in the final table that you will otherwise have and if you look at the performance here we see that not as big an improvement as in the first example but you see that you go from 1.7 to 1.35 seconds and something like that so to conclude with some advice here when should you create histograms it's useful as I said for columns that are not indexed or for columns that are not the first column of an index because if you have like a two column index there's no way for the optimizer to do this index dives in order to find the values for that column and it's used in addition to join queries which is the most important it's also useful for queries where you have in subqueries because there we try to estimate the size of the subqueries and so on and also in for single table queries if you have order by limit because then you have the choice of ordering the entire result and then do limit or use some index that are already ordered but in order to understand whether that is a performance or not you need to know how long how far into the index do you need to scan in order to find enough rows for your limit and then the filtering estimate is important the best fit by far is if you have low cardinality columns like gender or order status or day or week or so because then the okay I have to end he says but I only have this one left and if you have an index no use if it's not used in a very close forget about histograms how many buckets if you can get a single ton use as many as you need if not I would guess 100 should be enough because then you have like a granularity of 1% which should be useful more information there's a nice blog by colleague about this that you can look up the slides are already on the first page so you can get all that information from there show me histograms yes it's stored in this data dictionary and it's what the new 807 data dictionary made is very easy to make a information schema view over this and they got a lot for free by using that yeah so how is using histograms how would that differ from partitioning so you want equal size partitions in some way I haven't thought about that one thing I forgot to say is that if you have histograms they are good estimates of your data so you can actually instead of doing costly queries against your data you could actually just query the histograms in order to get the some that you can use the information schema table for yeah yes and no we don't currently have that in order to detect whether to update the histogram I guess you need to keep have some awareness about how frequently your distribution change because like in this order status example I had for example they are usually pretty fixed even if you add more orders it would probably be like 47% of each of the two big ones and three in the last one so in that case you would not need to to update your histograms even if you add a lot of more data now the case is that might not be the case if you have more questions for us staying go to the bar with him pay him a beer he will be very happy and he will answer your questions


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So, welcome to my presentation about the Austrian Federal Education Portal. So, before I go into the details, maybe I tell you some things about the situation we had in Austria a few years ago. So, maybe you have similar issues in your countries. We had an emerging educational technology sector with many applications growing up for report books, textbooks, learning platforms, everything. And the schools were able to select the products they wanted to use. But it was very hard for teachers, for students and also for parents when they had to use multiple tools for various things. And they did not have much transparency and they wanted to get a tool where they have every information at once. And this was the base idea of our education portal. So, obviously, it is not a learning platform. And that makes it different from maybe everything else you hear here at the Moodle Mood. And what we did is the following. So, first of all, we implemented single sign-on that may be used by all other applications as well. We connected each other together and we are also unifying various authentication methods that already existed in Austria. So, everybody, parents also and students and teachers have one login for every application that joins the Education Portal. But more than that, every citizen, because it is more an e-government portal for citizens. So, every citizen gets a personal dashboard showing the most important information regardless which applications respective schools are using. And I will come to that later how that works. And then the most important core of the Educational Portal is our Educational Technologies Hub. Because we had the situation that some of those applications started to make interfaces to exchange data, but they decided on themselves who can share data with whom. And it was not really under control. And they also locked out other companies that they didn't want to join. So, as a ministry, we faced this situation and we thought it was problematic. So, we also wanted to make a means that gives us the control who is sharing data with whom. And this Educational Technologies Hub says that every company that joins the Education Portal can share data. But on the rules that we decide, so mainly we decide which interface can be used by the application and the school chooses which application they use. So, there is more transparency and more control on that. And at last, we also implemented e-government services, which was new to schools in Austria. For example, electronic signatures for documents, for certificates and so on. And we're also implementing a resilient archive for certificates, which means they are kept for 60 years digitally. And we also make a dual delivery system, which means that people can receive the official deliveries also digitally and with a fallback method for physical delivery as well. So, when I show you the core software that we are using is Moodle. And they come to that later why we are using Moodle. And for the single sign-on, we are using Schipolet as well. So, it's more or less 100% open source software. This is an insight into the dashboard, how it would look like. So when somebody logs in, you have a section with the news from all schools that you are affiliated to. And then you have these widget areas. And as we know which applications the school uses, we can show them the widgets that are interesting for those people. So, they have on one page the timetable for the next days, what is in the learning platform, which assignments they have to do and so on. And in that case, I'm a parent and I can see my children. So, these are test persons as you see is Marie Curie. And I also have the brother Curie. And as a parent, I also see everything that's interesting for my kids. With these educational technologies up, we make partnership contracts. So, we are also doing all contracts in regard of the GDPR. So, when schools are using... Oh, I'm so sorry. Five minutes is so... Yeah, why we are using Moodle? Because it's cool. So, we have... Give me just a few seconds. Well, we have about 20 years experience in Austria in using Moodle. So, also as a ministry, we had the experience in how to maintain Moodle, how to develop our own things in Moodle. We have our network with Moodle partners and other developers. And so, we knew that this is very flexible as a software. And we also used it for this education portal. And I will not name all the figures. You can check the presentation yourself. But it's a big thing in Austria. It will cover more than a third of our population at the end. So, thank you very much for your attention and... Okay, so, hello to all. We are Julia and my name is Sandra. We are high school teachers and also supporting the central Moodle of Austria, at uvidual.at. And before we go on, I have one question. Are there any other school teachers in here? Oh, great. So, as we have the opportunity of two presenters, we will change things around a bit. And five minutes are not enough to tell you about all the cool stuff we have in the Austrian Moodle. So, we decided to do a best-of. So, enjoy. Hello Sandra, long time to see. Hi Julia. Nice to see you again. Are you using Moodle in your teaching? Of course I am, but I switched to a better Moodle. I'm using the Austrian government supported Moodle now. Government supported? Who is actually using it? Oh. And everything is so bureaucratic in Austria. Quite a lot of schools are using it. Some schools joined over the last four years and you see how the map is growing. The cool thing about the Austrian Moodle is that you still have your own space and privacy as a school, but everybody can still work together. Okay, but I don't want to share all my school data with the other schools. Well, the world is gray. You have your own space and only see your schools and the data of your own school, but we as an admin, we see all the schools that are actually in the platform. And everybody can only access the data of your own school, but still everybody is using the same platform and can share resources across the platform. So, that's my next question. How can you work together? Either you're separated or not? Well, as everybody is using the same platform, you can enroll in the courses across the platform. Sorry. A teacher can give you an enrollment code and you can enroll into his or her course, regardless if you're in the same school or not. You can access the course only. You can't access any data apart from your school, but you can still access the course. On this example, this person, user, is enrolled into five schools. Not enrolled into five schools, but enrolled into five courses of five different schools, but belonging only to one school. So, you can still access the courses if you get an enrollment code, but you can't know which other courses the school provides. Okay, that looks nice, but you know my subjects. I have almost nobody who would like to share and to invite me. So, I cannot benefit from the other people's resources. I stay with my own model. No, you can still benefit from other people's resources. We have the resource library for that. So, everybody can publish their own courses as an open educational resource. Everybody can access them, so make it available to the whole platform and use and share all the resources between each other and between schools. We also have a big question bank, which is also on the system level so that the teachers can access the questions that are made available on the system level and use them and share them with their students and also share their own questions with the quality management team so that they might get published on the system level. If I don't want to share on the system level, I still have the possibility to share only within my school. So, that's really cool. Oh, that sounds really cool. I think I will give you a try, but is it very complicated to set up?  The only thing you need to worry about is user management. So, you need to tell which users are in your school and that's it. Okay, thank you. Hope to see you soon. You too. Alright, we've got about three minutes or so for some questions. I'm going to go ahead and switch it up. Hi, thank you so much for the presentation. I just had one question which is more of a clarification. Is it so that if an individual has an enrollment code, they can get into, say, five courses from five different schools or of the same school? Or is it both? Actually, you can access the course with the enrollment code. So, each course has its own enrollment code and you can get only into this one course. But it is regardless of which school you're in, you just need to be a user of the platform. And these enrollment codes, say if I'm not a part of any school, how do I get these codes? From the teacher. The teacher is inviting you with the enrollment code to share the course. Okay, got it. Thank you. Hello. How did you manage to make the separation between schools so as each school has their own space? Pardon? How did you manage to separate each school so as each school has their own space? Did you develop something? Did you use a ready-made solution? Yes, in case of EduWidwell, I was head of the learning platform for the last five years and I developed a plug-in, a local plug-in that does the separation. In the time we started development, there was not the capability to block the access to a certain course category, so the plug-in did that as well. In the meanwhile, there is this capability, where you could also make the separation with the Moodle core capabilities. But the plug-in does many things beyond. The schools get reduced interface for the user management, for example, because as my colleague told you, the schools have to do the user management on their own. And we don't give them access to the Moodle administration, so they have their own management interface for doing so. Okay, thanks.


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