Good evening aspirants, welcome back to the Hindu news analysis by Shankar Iyer's Academy. These are the list of news articles that we will be discussing today. They are provided along with the page numbers of the different editions. Now, let us take up this editorial article. This editorial analyses the inadequacies of capitalism and fulfilling societal needs. So, in this light, let us see some important points from this editorial. The syllabus covered by this article is highlighted below for your reference. See, according to the author, the COVID-19 vaccine crisis is another tragic instance of a clash between the needs of humanity and the principles of capitalism. See, capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private players rather than by the state for profit. And some of the principles of capitalism includes capital accumulation, competitive markets, a price system, private property, recognition of property rights, voluntary exchange and wage labor. Now, let us see about the clash. See, the capitalist insists that private producers of vaccines must make profits because they have heavily invested in research and production. And they also believe that these vaccine companies are not morally compelled to serve the poor at a loss. And according to them, the governments should step in and buy from private producers and subsidize sales to poorer people. But this again creates another problem because the governments need more revenue to procure the vaccines at the market price. So, they will increase the taxes on private companies. According to the author, this will be again opposed by the capitalist because capitalists believe that the governments should lower taxes during this pandemic to attract more investments. And they also insist that the governments should not interfere in their business. So, governments are now put in a tricky situation and there is a breakdown of public services. And India is undergoing this crisis now. So, at this backdrop, the author analyzes the shortcomings of capitalism. See, according to the author, capitalism survives by converting the commons or the public capital into private capital. Economists call this phenomenon as the tragedy of the commons. And according to the capitalist, people will not care for something unless they own it. And they use this reason as a justification to own natural resources like land, forest and water resources. And they convert these natural capital into financial capital and they use it for generating profits and more capital for themselves. But this has created a huge problem that is over exploitation of the earth's resources to produce profits has contributed to the crisis of environmental sustainability and climate change. The author also believes that the capitalist, they use the same reason to justify slavery and they honed human beings and use them for generating profits. But slavery is now banned by law and the earth's resources are limited. So, the capitalist need new ways to generate profits. And according to the author, this is the reason why they have been converting knowledge into private property. See, the model regime of intellectual property rights or IPR helps the capitalist to create intellectual property monopolies. By creating these intellectual property monopolies, communities are denied the use of their own knowledge. Say, for example, natural products like neem and turmeric are patented by capitalist for profits. By patenting these natural products, the companies are trying to make the communities who were traditionally using these products to pay for their use. And the cruel irony is that the tradition of these communities discovered the benefits of these natural products, but now they have to pay for its usage. See, when it comes to the IPR rules, the trade related aspects of intellectual property rights or the TRIPS regime plays a significant role in the global arena. See, the TRIPS regime was promoted by the World Trade Organization in 1995 for uniform global intellectual property rights rules. The TRIPS is founded in the principle of product patents, but India has a different approach to the intellectual property rights and India's approach to patents is based on process patents and not product patents. See, according to the author, product patents will allow inventors of new drugs to have exclusive rights to produce and sell them for many years. And producers can use a monopoly to fix higher prices and make more profits for recovering their investments in drug development. So, the quantum of production is limited by the inventor to keep the prices high. On the other hand, the author believes that the process patents route have forced the Indian producers to invent better processes for producing larger volumes at lower cost of generic versions of the medicine. See, under a process patent, the patent is granted for a particular manufacturing process and not for the product itself. So, any other person can also produce the same product through some other process by modifying the various parameters. And the implication is that there will be more than one producer for the same product because of the possibility of different processes for the manufacturing of the product. And this has benefited citizens of poor countries including India. However, Indian generic drug producers became threats to the pricing power of innovator drug producers from the West. See, the TRIPS agreement also have a provision to enable governments to enforce compulsory licensing. See, this compulsory licensing is used when a government allows someone else to produce a patented product or process without the consent of the patent owner or plans to use the patent protected invention itself. It is one of the flexibilities in the field of patent protection that is included in the WTO's agreement on intellectual properties that is the TRIPS agreement. Through compulsory licensing, the governments can demand an innovator company to allow domestic low-cost producers to increase the supply of the drug in case of an emergency. And this provision was used by the South African government during the AIDS pandemic. See, AIDS was raging in South Africa and the common people could not pay the high prices charged by Western companies. So, they invoked the compulsory licensing provision to get cheaper drugs and it was highly beneficial. Even during the present COVID pandemic, many poorer countries want to invoke this provision to produce cheaper medicines and vaccines. But Western companies do not like this provision and they are against this invocation. Also, many capitalists do not like public sector enterprises. This is because public sector enterprises such as banks, hospitals and schools, they do not produce high shareholder returns or profits and they believe that if the public sector enterprises are privatized, then the profits for investors will be huge. But the author here fears that if public sector enterprises are privatized, only profits will become the priority and public benefits will be heavily sidelined because of this move. See, according to the author, the purpose of governments is to improve the all-round well-being of all citizens and governments should not merely provide products to customers who can pay good prices for them. And this is the principle by which the private enterprises meet their objective of producing profits for their investors and the governments should not do the same. See, according to the author, the COVID-19 crisis has revealed the inadequacy of capitalism to fulfill societal needs. If capitalist enterprises are not willing to fulfill public purposes, then governments must create more public spirited enterprises to provide public goods equitably to all citizens. And the author also believes that the money driven capitalist values have drifted too far from human values. So, therefore, it is high time that the corporate companies rethink the purpose for their existence. And as a conclusion, the author says that these companies should adopt more human and less money values. So, with these informations in mind, let's move on to the next part of the news discussion. Look at this news clipping. This news article reports that French President Emmanuel Macron asked for forgiveness for his country's role in the 1994 Rwandan massacre in which nearly 8 lakh people, mostly ethnic Tutsis, were killed. So, in this light, let us discuss the country Rwanda and also the civil war that took place in 1994. The syllabus covered by this news article is highlighted below for your reference. See, Rwanda is a country that is situated in Central Africa and it is borrowed to the north by Uganda, to the east by Tanzania, to the south by Burundi and to the west by the Democratic Republic of Congo. Also, like Burundi, which is its neighbor to the south, Rwanda is a geographically small country with one of the highest population densities in sub-Saharan Africa. This Rwanda is a landlocked country and it is also called the land of a thousand hills. And the country lies 75 miles south of the equator in the tropic of Cape Rikon. Some of the main water bodies in Rwanda are Lake Hivu, Lake Mohasi, Lake Hema, Lake Bulera, Lake Ruhondu and Lake Mugisira. Note that Rwanda's vegetation, it ranges from dense equatorial forest in the northwest of the country to tropical savanna in the east. And some of the main national parks or animal reserves in the country are Akageera, Volcanoes and Gishwati Makura National Parks. Being aware of its geography, now let us know about the country's history in brief. See, for centuries, Rwanda existed as a centralized monarchy under the succession of Tutsi kings from one clan who ruled through cattle chiefs, land chiefs and military chiefs. While the king was a supreme authority, the rest of the population, which included Bahutu, Batutzi and Batwa, they lived in symbiotic harmony. However, in 1999, Rwanda became a German colony and in 1919, the system of indirect rule continued with Rwanda as a man-gate territory of the League of Nations under Belgium. And at present, the country is with an estimated total population of 12.3 million people and know that Rwanda is a relatively young country where nearly 50% of the Rwandan population is under 20 years old and with a median age standing at 22.7 years old. Know that Kiniarwanda, being the common language, is spoken in all parts of the country and apart from this, other official languages are English, French and Kiswahili. With these information in mind, now let us know in brief about the civil war that occurred in 1994. Though about 85% of Rwandans are Hutus, the Tutsi minority has long dominated the country. And in 1959, the Hutus overthrew the Tutsi monarchy and as a result of it, many thousands of Tutsis, they fled to neighbouring countries including Uganda. And here, a group of Tutsi exiles, they formed a rebel group in the name Rwandan patriotic front which invaded Rwanda in 1990 and this fighting, it continued until 1993 when a peace deal was agreed. But however, the crisis escalated only in the 1990s when the Rwandan patriotic front that was led by Paul Gagame, the current president, grew in strength and posed a serious challenge to the regime of President Habiari Mana. See, the then-president Habiari Mana was backed by France and he also had different ties with Israel. In 1993, Habiari Mana, who rose to power in 1973, was forced to sign a peace agreement called Arusha Accords with the Rwandan patriotic front. And this led to resentment among Hutu militias backed by the government towards the local Tutsi population who were accused of collaborations with Rwandan patriotic front. On the night of 6th April 1994, a plane carrying the then-president Juvenal Habiari Mana and his counterpart Cyprian Tharia Meira of Burundi was shot down and the Hutu extremists, they blamed the Rwandan patriotic front for this attack and they immediately started a well-organized campaign of slaughter. As a result, in 1994, in just 100 days, about 8 lakh people were slaughtered in Rwanda by ethnic Hutu extremists and they were targeting members of the minority Tutsi community as well as the political opponents irrespective of the ethnic origin. Later, as a well-organized Rwandan patriotic front who was backed by Ugandan army, the Rwandan patriotic front gradually seized more territory until 4th July 1994 when its forces marched into the capital Kigali. Now, as a result, some 2 million Hutus, both civilians as well as those involved in the genocide, they fled across the border into the Democratic Republic of Kongu which was at that time called Zair, fearing the revenge attacks and the others went to the neighboring Tanzania and Burundi and thus the civil war came to an end and the regional impact of the war shall be inferred from the image in the slide. Now, coming back to the article, see the article mentions the role of the then president of Rwanda, France in the Hutu-Tutsi civil unrest and the article says that France enjoyed close ties with Rwanda's Hutu-led government of President Juvenal Habib Arimana and has long been criticised for its role in the killings of the Tutsi minorities in the months of April to June 1994. Hence, in order to resolve this issue in May 2019, President Macron, he set up a 15-member expert committee to investigate his country's role in the genocide and this committee found that France, which was then ruled by President François Météran, bore heavy responsibilities and enabled the genocide and on knowing this, the current French President Emmanuel Macron on Thursday has asked for forgiveness for his country's role in the 1994 Rwandan massacre. With this, we have come to the end of this news discussion or let us move on to the next news article. Now, let us take up this news article. It is about dowry debts. See, dowry debts accounted for 40 to 50% homicides in the country for almost a decade from 1999 to 2018. In 2019 alone, 7,115 cases of dowry debt were registered under Section 304b of the Indian Penal Code. So, what is this Section 304b? See, Section 304b of the Indian Penal Code deals with dowry debts. So far, Section 304b has been literally interpreted by the Codes in India. Codes have often opted for a strict and narrow reading of the provision which may have blunted the battle against the long-standing social level of dowry debts. See, according to Section 304b, to make out a case of dowry debt, a woman should have died of burns or other bodily injuries or otherwise than under normal circumstances within 7 years of a marriage. Also, she should have suffered cruelty or harassment from harassment or in-laws soon before a death in connection with demand for dowry. And over the years, Codes had interpreted the phrase soon before in Section 304b as immediately before. See, this interpretation would make it necessary for a woman to have been harassed moments before she died. And such absurd interpretation do not provide the much-needed justice for the victims. And therefore, the Supreme Court of India recently passed a judgment to avoid such absurd interpretations. Also, according to Chief Justice Ramana, it is safe to deduce that, when the legislature used the words soon before, they did not mean immediately before. Rather, they left its determination in the hands of the Codes and the factum of cruelty or harassment differs from case to case and even the spectrum of cruelty is quite varied as it can range from physical, verbal or even emotional. So, no straight jacket formulae can therefore be laid down by this Court to define what exact the phrase soon before entails. And the Court further said that the phrase otherwise than under normal circumstances in the Section also calls for a liberal interpretation. According to Chief Justice Ramana, Section 304b of IPC does not take a pigeonhole approach in categorizing death as homicidal or suicidal or accidental. And the reason for such non-categorization is due to the fact that death occurring in other than 100 normal circumstances can in cases be homicidal or suicidal or accidental. And the Supreme Court of India also raised concern about the casual way in which trial courts examine accused persons in dowry death cases under Section 313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. And according to the Supreme Court of India, the examination of the accused about the incriminatory material against him should be done in a fair manner and the inquiring court must put incriminating circumstances before the accused and seek his response. And also he should be given sufficient opportunity to give a side of story and the Court should question the accused fairly with care and caution. So with this, we have come to the end of this discussion. Let's move on to the next article. Now look at this news article. This news article highlights the economic statistics of Sundaram Finance Limited. See, it reports that the company saw a net profit growth of Rs. 809 crore in fiscal year 2021. Also, its disbursements declined to Rs. 11,742 crore. In addition, the article reports that assets under management grew 3% to Rs. 30,882 crore as on March 31st. And importantly, the NPAs or the non-performing assets fell to 2.28% from 2.77%. So in this context, let us discuss about the non-performing assets or the NPA. See, a non-performing asset refers to a classification for loans or advances that are in default or in arrears. See, a loan is in arrears when principal or interest payments are late or missed. Whereas, a loan is in default when the lender considers the loan agreement to be broken and the debtor is unable to meet his obligations. Note that non-performing assets or NPAs are recorded on a bank's balance sheet after a prolonged period of non-payment by the borrower. Hence, non-performing assets place financial burden on the lender. See, a significant number of non-performing assets over a period of time may indicate to regulators that the financial health of the bank is in jeopardy. Or to make it clear, a non-performing asset is a loan or advance for which the principal or interest payment remained overdue for a period of 90 days. Note that banks are required to classify non-performing assets further into substandard, doubtful and loss assets. According to RBI, a substandard asset would be one which has remained as an NPA for a period less than or equal to 12 months. And such an asset will have well-defined credit weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. And it is characterized by the distinct possibility that the banks will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. See, an asset would be classified as doubtful if it has remained in the substandard category for a period of 12 months. And a loss asset is one where the loss has been identified by the bank or internal or external auditors or by the RBI inspection. Note that here the amount has not been written off only. Or in other words, such an asset is considered uncollectable and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. But such assets may have some salvage or recovery value. Now let us know what the 2020 economic survey says about NPAs. See, gross non-performing assets ratio, that is, the gross non-performing assets as a percentage of gross advances of scheduled commercial banks decreased from 8.2% at the end of March 2020 to 7.5% at the end of September 2020. And in addition to it, the GNPA ratio or the gross non-performing assets ratio of the public sector banks decreased from 10.25% at the end of March 2020 to 9.4% at the end of September 2020. Whereas the net non-performing asset ratios declined and stood at 2.1% for the scheduled commercial banks and at 2.85% for the public sector banks at the end of September 2020. So before concluding, let us know what are gross advances and the difference between gross NPA and net NPA. See, gross advances of a bank refers to all outstanding loans and advances, including the advances for which refinance has been received. But this excludes re-discounted bills and advances that are written off at the head office level of banks. Note that gross NPA is the total amount of outstanding NPAs in the borrowable account excluding the interest receivable. See, as per RBA regulation, once the account is classified as NPA, then interest cannot be deputed to the NPA account and apportioned as profit. So, therefore, banks will record the interest receivable from the NPA account in a separate book and they will recover the same once the account is regularized by the borrower. See, net NPA is well defined by the RBI and accordingly it defines net NPA as gross NPA minus the following. With this, let's move on to the next news article. Now, let us take up this news article. As we know, recently a lot of sexual harassment allegations are cropping up in various educational institutions. These incidents have again put the Vishakha guidelines in the spotlight. So, in this regard, let us learn about this Vishakha guidelines. See, Vishakha guidelines are several guidelines that was given by the Supreme Court of India to stop sexual harassment at workplaces. Now, what are the guidelines? Firstly, it shall be the duty of the employer or other responsible persons in workplaces or other institutions to prevent or deter the commission of acts of sexual harassment and to provide the procedures for the resolution, settlement or prosecution of acts of sexual harassment by taking all the steps required. Secondly, the guidelines defines sexual harassment as an unwelcome sexually-determined behavior which includes physical contact and advances, a demand or request for sexual favors, sexually-colored remarks, showing pornography or any other unwelcome physical verbal or non-verbal conduct of sexual nature. Thirdly, all employers or persons in charge of workplace, whether in public or private sector, should take appropriate steps to prevent sexual harassment. Fourthly, in case of sexual harassment, the employer shall initiate appropriate action in accordance with law by making a complaint with the appropriate authority. And then fifthly, the appropriate disciplinary action should be initiated by the employer in case of sexual harassment. Sixthly, an appropriate complaint mechanism should be created in the employer's organization for redressal of the complaint made by the victim, and such a complaint mechanism should ensure time-bound treatment of complaints. And then seventhly, the complaint's committee should be formed and it should be headed by women and not less than half of its members should be women. And further, in order to prevent the possibility of any undue pressure or influence from senior levels, such complaint's committee should involve a third party which can either be an NGO or any other body who is familiar with the issue of sexual harassment. And the complaint's committee should also make an annual report to the concerned government department of the complaints and actions taken by them. Eighthly, employees should be allowed to raise issues of sexual harassment at a worker's meeting and in other appropriate forum and it should be affirmatively discussed in employer-employee meetings. Tenthly, if sexual harassment occurs as a result of an act by any third party or outsider, then the employer will take all steps necessary to assist the affected person in terms of support and preventive action. So these are some of the important guidelines that was given by the Supreme Court of India during the Vishakha vices, state of Rajasthan case, and these became known as the Vishakha guidelines for workplace sexual harassment. So with this, let us move on to the prelims-practice question discussion. Look at this prelims-practice question about non-performing assets. As we discussed, a non-performing asset is a loan or advance for which the principal or interest payment remains overdue for a period of 90 days and not 180 days. So therefore, statement one is incorrect. Coming to statement two, see, based on the table given below, we can infer that this statement is also incorrect. Since the question wants us to find the correct statement, the right answer is option D, that is neither one nor two. Now look at this question about dowry debts. Statement one says that section 304 B of the Indian Penal Code deals with dowry debts and statement two says that section 400 of the Indian Penal Code deals with defamation. See, both the statements are correct and therefore, the right option is option C, that is both one and two. And now look at this question about the Vishakha guidelines. Recently, the term Vishakha guidelines was seen in the news and this refers to what? So based on our discussion, we can infer that the right option is option C, that is sexual harassment at workplace. The list of main's questions is given below for your reference. You can write your answer and post them in the comment section. With this, we have come to the end of today's Hindu News Analysis. If you like the video, then don't forget to like, comment and share and do subscribe to Shankar IA's Academy YouTube channel for more updates regarding UPSC Civil Services preparation.


Good morning, everyone. And how are you? Welcome to another episode of Ask Alesh. And the first question I have for Alesh this morning is, where are you, Alesh? So until Alesh shows up, you are stuck with just me. So here I am. My name is Greg Clark. I'm a Wikitree member and app developer. And I am back home from my holidays. Thank you, Ann. Yes, I was on holidays. I wasn't at Roots Tech. That wasn't my holiday. So I was on a family holiday, which was very nice. And I feel very refreshed. And I've got a whole bunch of notes I took when I was relaxing on the beach of things I want to do to improve my apps, including some things that I need Alesh's help with. So I am hoping that I can connect with him. But he did fly over to the States for Roots Tech. And he did get home yesterday. But he may have slept in again today because the time change is a bit of a nasty thing to get over. So who knows? I'm expecting him to show up. Contacted him yesterday. He contacted me. So I believe he's supposed to be here. But then something might have happened. Maybe they lost power. Who knows? Could be a storm. I have no idea. But in the meantime, I will do my best to keep the ball rolling and talk all about Wikitree Plus during this time and any other questions you folks have. So welcome. I see we have in the chat, we have Anne, Fiora Lisi and Lisa Gervais, Donna Bowman. And there's a fourth person who's online but they haven't said hello yet. So anyways, hi to all you folks. If you have questions, add them in your chat. So but we do, in fact, there's Grace then. Anne and Lisa, you're both here because you both ask questions in the GDG post. And I will start with Anne's because that's the easiest one. And then if Alessia's still not here, Lisa, we will work through together to see if we can figure out the answer to your question. And maybe Donna can help us out too. So yes, Donna, a new game. Where in the world is Alessia? He should be home. He said he was home. But could be any number of things that are keeping him occupied at the moment. But I'm sure he'll be here shortly, hopefully. So Anne's question is, hi, I've never used wikitree plus. How do I use it? Just started back on with wikitree. Learning something new every day, that's a great thing. And so, wow. Now, what I would suggest, Anne, wikitree plus is a massive beast of a tool and it's amazing. It can do so many things. But because it can do so many things, it can be overwhelming. And so I totally understand most people when they first see it. And it is overwhelming for everyone, I would say. It was certainly overwhelming for me at first until I took my time to sort of dig through it and play around with it. So let's just do that right now. Let's just play around. So I'm going to share my screen and then we can work through this together. I hope that sounds like a plan. There we go. Share screen. Okay, and we'll add that. And here you are. So there are a number of different ways of getting to wikitree plus, first of all. The easiest way I find is if you open up a new tab and just start typing plus.wikitree.com. I know I've done that enough. So as soon as I type PLU, my browser just fills in the rest. But if you're on any profile, so here I am on my own profile, if you just under apps, you can scroll down and hit wikitree plus, that'll also take you there. Any screen that has this wikitree plus logo in it, and here let me just blow that up a bit. There we go, that looks better, right? Okay. Any screen that has this wikitree plus logo on it, and you click on that, it'll take you to wikitree plus. We're already there, so that's kind of not as exciting as you might think. But so many screens, reports in the middle of different apps and whatnot, you'll see that logo, you click on that, boom, it'll take you to wikitree plus. But again, I just usually type it in to the browser and then it fills it out. You see, plus.wikitree.com, you don't even have to add this default on the end, it just, it just will appear. So it's very quick to get there. So, when you first get there, there are basically six sections to it, and the ones we use most often are in fact the first two, the suggestions and the search features. You can play around with the display, the analyze, you can get some really neat reports out of this, and there's some cool stats, and you know how I love stats. But let's, we're just gonna focus on the top two sections, because those are the ones that are most common and the most useful. So I'll start with the top one, even though the one I actually use more often is the search, but the first one, let's go logical and we'll start at the top. So the first section is all about suggestions. And so if you've been away from wikitree for a while and are just coming back, this section used to be called something different. It used to be, what was the word for it? Lisa, Donna, refresh my memory. There was another word for it. It's not, it wasn't corrections. It was, ooh, basically this is the place where the wikitree style guide or policy rules, a profile is missing something or is not formatted properly or a section is, what, errors? Don't know if it was called errors. But it was something that had a slight negative connotation so they changed it to suggestions.  And so the first thing you have here is you can see, there's a dropdown list of all the suggestions. And okay, can you see my dropdown list there folks? I'm not sure if you can see my dropdown list. Let me reshare my screen because I think I want you to be able to see that dropdown list. Entire screen, there we go. No, okay, thanks Lisa. Let's try that again, okay. So when I click on this dropdown box here for suggestion, now you can see my dropdown list, right? Yes, I'm hoping, yeah, I think so. So here, see there's a list of, these are all suggestions and every suggestion is numbered. Now, if you're a part of the data doctors project, then you might have these numbers. Oh, thank you Lisa and yes, you can see my dropdown list. These numbers may be even burned into your brain because these numbers are how you keep track of which errors you're fixing your data doctoring. For the regular Ricky Trier who is not a data doctor, these numbers may not mean anything but their categories and their ways for the server and the Wiki Tree Plus, the data doctors all to know that we're talking the same language and there's specific code for each one of these. So for example, if the birth is, if you have a profile and you say the birth date is 2025, that's gonna flag an error because how do you know that, right? That sort of thing. So that's the first two, die too young to be a parent, okay? So if you've got a profile, a person was eight years old but you have them listed as the father of someone or the mother of someone, then that's gonna flag error number 111, okay?  There are some that are relationship related like father is also a child, the father is also a spouse, similar like those types of mix ups which are easy to do on Wiki Tree especially, you know, since we often, when you're adding new people or we're making relationship connections, you often just type in the Wiki Tree ID and if we're dealing with someone with the same last name, it's easy to mistype a number. So that's how these things happen. And so easy to do, but they should be fixed, of course, obviously. And so the suggestions will pull those ones out and then there's special ones about formatting and using the prefix and the suffix and what belongs in the first name and that sort of thing.  There are some that are specific for certain countries or for certain projects. So example, here's some with the Swedish patronum daughter for a male or son for a female, those sorts of thing because the patronum should be, obviously it should be switched around, be son for a male and daughter for a female. And then we have gender ish errors, location errors, project accounts. So there's pretty much every type of error you could think of. JEDCOM junk, now there's a big one. And then there's specific JEDCOM sort of subsets of JEDCOM issues. And then we have spanning anyways, lots and lots of different types of errors. So if so, if you are looking for a profile that has a specific type of error, then you would use the suggestion box. So say you're, you say, well, I just figured out how to solve ref tags. Now I don't know, does anyone here know what the ref tag is missing? I don't know. Well, let's just go with find a grave error. Okay, so here's a common one. Find a grave link without grave ID. So when you add a find a grave source to your profile, one of the things that you need to do is you need to add the link ID. Now, depending on how you get this source citation from find a grave, often that comes along with it, but not always. And sometimes if people are just crafting the source citation themselves, they may leave that piece out. If you use the Wiki Tree Sorcerer extension, then it'll always be right. And generally I've found, if you use the source citation that's provided by FamilySearch or by the find a grave site itself, it usually has it in there. And of course, there's the find a grave template that you could use. But anyways, we'll look for that and see how many. Now, if you click on spine suggestion, now look at the, when you first go into find a grave, you'll notice that Alash has pre-loaded the text for 18th century Slovenia. Let's see if there's any find a grave errors in, there are zero find a grave errors in 18th century Slovenia. So I'm gonna just remove that text completely. So that now allows us to search for all of Wiki Tree and look to see how many of these. So we have, we've found 987 that have this issue. So if I look at, so now that gives me a list of profiles I can check. If I click on the first one here, it'll open up in a new window, which is very nice because that means you don't lose where you were working. If I go back one, there's the list that we started with. So here's Mr. Gotro. I'm thinking this profile might need a little bit more work because I suspect his first name is not Mr. and it was imported through the import of a GEDCOM file. So there might be some more issues here to deal with. But the issue in particular is this one here. Here's a source, it's got find a grave, but it doesn't have anything else. In fact, actually with this, there's no way of tracking down. We'd have to do a major search for Gotro and we don't even have a location. So this is very problematic. This one here, let's see if we can find one that has a bit more information. Okay, this one looks like we might be able to get better, a better chance of solving this one. Infant son Hess, past died and was buried in Waynesboro. So here is the, so it looks like it's from a find a grave ancestry. Let's see if I click on this link. Well, that take me to, we're just, let's see what that'll take me to. No, that'll just take me to the, if I click on this link, well, that take me to the find a grave. We're not having a lot of luck here folks. Time out, okay then, well, let's see if we can find a better one then. This one looks more promising. Let's see if we can resolve this one. There we go. So this one has lots of sources and there's a source from find a grave database from FamilySearch and it has everything, but it doesn't actually have the record ID. It says citing a record ID, but it doesn't actually have the record ID in there. So let's open up this. I'm feeling, I'm feeling good about this one. I think we can do this one folks. Okay, I have to swap my game. Okay, great. Really? Where's the index? Oh, I see why we didn't get the index because it's not showing right there in their citation. Hmm. I thought for sure FamilySearch had their citation in there. What's in here? Did that give me the, oh goodness. This isn't, hmm. And then, well, let's just, let's just type in a brown beard. And what year was that? 1876, okay. And this was Hartford, right? Yeah, South Hartford, Washington. Okay. Let's go to the original document on Find a Grave. And yeah, yeah, yeah. Here we have, now what I'm going to do is I'm actually going to use the wiki tree sourcer and I'm going to build a source citation. I'm going to just replace it. So that's how I'm going to resolve this issue. I'm going to go into edit mode and I'm going to replace that Find a Grave link with this Memorial link, which gives the, actually uses the template because of the wiki tree sourcer extension is excellent. It does that for me. Let me zoom in so you can see that. So let me just separate what we're here. This is the part here that the sourcer provided for me. So it took the information from the Find a Grave site directly, put that information, including the record ID, which was the error message that the suggestion was talking about in the first place, and puts it in the Find a Grave template. And the advantage of using the template is that in the future, if Find a Grave changes its formatting or their server changes or anything like that happens, any source citation that is written using this template will automatically be updated. So whereas if you type in the URL directly, you could just copy and paste that URL in for the link if you wanted to. But if Find a Grave changes its domain name, so if it's all of a sudden turned to Find a Grave.us.com or whatever, if they change their path name somehow, then all of a sudden all those links that are entered directly would be broken. But using the template, they can all be fixed with a matter of a little bit of programming from Halesh or someone on the server. Anyways, and then it has all the same information that was in that Family Search page, but why put an intermediate step to Family Search when you can go directly to the Find a Grave site if you would have that ability? And with sourcer, that makes it easy. Now, Lisa says she just uses the citation at the bottom of the, and you could certainly do that. Click on the source citation here, and then you get this. And, oh, that's, I didn't realize that it put that, is that the site? Is the Find a Grave template is there right now? That's interesting. So you could just copy that citation, which I think is, is that word-for-word what's in the profile? Not quite word-for-word, but it's very close. So that would work as well, Lisa. And you do edit it to the template, yeah. I would use, I would definitely use the template. It just, it will, I mean, right now it doesn't seem to make a difference. But in the future, if something changes, you'll thank yourself later. Okay, I've done that. So now I'm going to, now I need to just update. I need to just change that. Maybe I'll zoom out a bit. There we go. Edit. Do, do, do, do, do, do, Find a Grave citation with ID. And we'll save that. There we go. So here we are. So now we go back to here and we've solved that. I could even, since we actually were, here we are, right, in a brown image, I can actually, I go to status. I can actually say that I've corrected that. And I can update that suggestion now. So now, if someone, I could have said corrected Find a Grave. I could have been more specific. I could have just said, I could have clicked Find a, corrected Find a Grave comm citation. So that would be more helpful, wouldn't it? But anyway, so now when someone else pulls up a suggestion and they see this one, they'll see this little box here that says that I actually corrected this error. So it's not an error we have to worry about until they do another check. So let's go back here. So that's one example of looking for a specific type of suggestion if you want to work on that. Now, the other thing you can, if you want to, so I can see. So that was one type of suggestion. If I want to limit my Find a Grave, if I know how to deal with Find a Grave, but say I only want to deal with those that are in Ontario, Canada, which happens to be where I live. If I clicked, see, no. If I hit Find Suggestions, then again, it's giving me a bunch of them, but all of them now see there's up for Canada. There is Woodstock, Ontario. So that one that limits them to just a specific location. And look who's here, Alash. I made it. Thank you, Alash, for coming. Sorry about that. Oh, no, that's okay. Well, I'm just doing a little primer on Wiki Tree and we've just started talking about suggestions and how you could use those and you could limit it by search. The other thing, if you want to just look at suggestions that you yourself created, you can put your own user ID in there and then that will limit it even further. I had chosen Find a Grave from the top. So I apparently have 10 Find a Grave issues that I should track down. So I will do that on my own time. And because Ann and Lisa were both here, who had the two questions in the thing. So I'm just going through a quick overview of Wiki Tree Plus for Ann. The other place Ann that I was gonna say that you wanna check out is the search. So the suggestions are specific for these specific types of errors. You wanna work on a specific type of error. But more often than not, what I find I do is I close that suggestions area up and I just open up the search and then you just type in what you wanna search for. So maybe you wanna search for all the people with Alesha's last name who live in Ljubljana. Is that how you pronounce it? Pretty good. The LJ, I'm not quite sure how to make what sounds like. Ljubljana. Ljubljana? Yeah, better. Okay. Ljubljana. And if you did that, you would find all of, you'd find 68 of Alesha's relatives. But if you wanna search. So actually any searches you can perform on any profiles returns you some set of profiles and then you can search for suggestions on them. So you, now at the top of the page, of the result page, you can, you have a link for suggestions on the found profiles and you can check only these profiles that were found for suggestions. Ah, nice. Okay. So this enables you to use any advanced searches that are possible on profile search and then check for error or something on suggestions. Okay. That's excellent. There's a lot more, Ann, about a wiki tree plus as you can imagine. But those are the sort of the first two things I would start playing with. In fact, I would start playing with the text search and putting in different things, putting in names, your own, if you put in your own wiki tree ID, it'll automatically start with profiles that you are connected to. No, that you manage. That you manage, right. That's why, that's why I meant it, right. Not connected, not isn't CC7. The other thing is all of these Ask Alesh videos are available on YouTube. So if you go back to the very first ones, we sort of went through some of the basic features of each of these little sections. So you can watch those as well. So I hope that gives you a starter and now that Alesh is here, he can tackle Lisa's question, which I was just stalling for time. So I didn't happen. What's the question? So Lisa's question is, I recently started in a one place study for Buckfastly Devon in England. There were over a thousand existing profiles with Buckfastly as a location. I was trying to find the profiles using the search terms and then she gave me, you know what, let me just move this over. Oh, it's a little easier. There we go. I was using the search terms, location equals Buckfastly. Category word equals Buckfastly. She wants to find profiles that have not yet in the category. Yeah, okay. But it just returned all the profiles location. Yeah, probably none was in that category. Is it that the category word doesn't exist? I don't know, you have, I need to try it. I mean, I don't know for that place. So let's share the screen. Okay, you take it away. Screen, the right one. John Tyner has joined us since, and Judy Stutz, hey there Judy. Oh, John has said. I find the post so I don't have to retire for everything. Just want some of the questions while you're trying to find. So Ann, your question is there is gender. I don't think we have, I don't think we have that field or that option right now. There was, there has been talk about gender but I'm not sure where we are on that in terms of the database. Okay, I was. Do you want me to add your screen to the stage? Yeah, I think I need to add. There we go, I got it. Okay, so I was searching for suggestions which is totally wrong. I need to search one. I know. This one.  I had to say, Alesh. Yes, I did. It's three in India. Yeah, yeah. I had the meeting and it was handed a bit. That's okay. So usually when you do the search, you can check at the end beyond the table. It gives more detailed numbers of what was found. So location equals back fastly is on 1300 profiles and category word back fastly was found on 936 profiles. And after the not operation, 360 profiles remain. So I don't know. And none of these profiles have that category. Okay. So, oh, this one has it. Oh. Category back fastly. But category word is, what exactly does that mean? I think. So, Liza, is the category back fastly by itself or is it back fastly comma Devon? My guess is it's probably comma Devon because there might be a back fastly in other counties. So category word is answers profiles. And this one is with his full name. So when it should. So Liza says that the full name of the category actually does include that Devon. So this is the category. That's the category right there. So you should just use that one and with the full prefix. So, okay. That profiles, it's still there. It is still there. Okay. Now, next possibility are the quotes. Did you get rid of them or two? No, do they have to be straight quotes? No, but it's still. Huh. Yeah. The reason she was using category word is she was thinking that that means going to one word from the category. Yeah, it can be any word, but it can be also found on other. On the full, you know. Yeah. I mean, other categories can sneak in like cemetery in back fastly place. Oh, right. So here and now we have now 980 categories. And if we include this one, the result is still 360. Devon, one place study. Yeah. So she started the one place study. Mm-hmm. Okay. Is there a, is there not a comma? Is there? No, you've not. Yeah, I replaced the comma with the underline because in the full name, you should underline should be used. I mean, the comma is automatically converted to underline, but right. Okay. Now I got only the profiles that have the study. They also needs cleaner. Okay. And now if I remove, okay, now location and this one gives 90, 19 profiles, how is that possible? Ah, no, it's okay. It's, ah, the study has only 19 profiles probably. The study has 23 profiles in it. At least it did on Sunday. Right, yes. So the rest are now found here. Okay, now let's try without one place study. Now the Devon should be missing, but it's still here. I don't understand this one. Underline. So the same search gave you a different number last week. Remember, Lisa, that the Wikitree Plus works on the data dump that happens once a week. So the results you get today and tomorrow will be the same results you'll get until next Monday or Tuesday. Yeah, on Sunday, the database then begins and it takes until Monday or Tuesday, I publish new data. That's right. So this dump is fine, 900 categories and I really don't understand this one. Yeah, you, does it seem to be a bit of a puzzle you've given us? I would need, I would need to check the index if it was built correctly. Cause it might be some data problem behind the scenes. I'm trying to do the query now and I'm getting a blank screen. Like it's not, it's not returning any results for me. Oh, wait a sec. Maybe if I hit the get profiles button, it works better. I did a refresh, but of course you've got a program so that you have to hit the profile, get profiles button so it doesn't auto load. But yeah, I'm seeing the category where it does. I'm getting the same thing with category where it equals buck fastly, it's still providing, giving me ones that have buck fastly, common Devon. Interesting. Okay, not operator is work kind of working because if I, let me just come here. Now someone, if we've been pronouncing that name, that town all wrong, all through this, someone should correct us. Strange, isn't it? Yeah. Yeah. So yeah, as you've been adding the category to more profiles, Lisa, you're right. When you're using Wiki Tree Plus, remember, things would pop if you did the search today, ones that you've added in the last couple of days will still show up on Wiki Tree Plus as if they weren't added until the next data dump. But still, you know that I'm sure. So that's not the issue we're dealing with here. We're dealing with the issue that it's not seeming to use the not properly. It's filtering some out, but it's not filtering all of them out. I'm getting 365, well, oh, I've got 365, I don't know what that, oh, I used category full, but still. The first profile, I see is Alice Dront, and she was born in Buckfastly, but there's no category, what categories are there? Unsourced in England, unsourced. Those are the only categories that she has. But the next buddy on the list is Dr. St. George Bernard Delisle, and his categories are Buckfastly, Devon, Royal Army Medical Corps, fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. So he's definitely in there. Now, is it pulling the categories list, is it pulling the categories from the data dump, or is it pulling the categories from the live profiles? I think from the database dump. Definitely database, logs, full text search. If it was pulling the categories from the live profiles, then I could see why we're getting this because we'd have a conflict there. Okay, so category full. Yeah, so that, yeah. That is one thing, please, you do have to keep in mind the data dump. This one was not one group, Buckfastly. Okay, so these are the words, and Buckfastly, Devon, is on 988 profiles, which is 988, so it was found. And from this one, this one, from 1300, 360 remains. But it doesn't show the correct ones. All right, let me try something. Well, doing the right math, but it's not showing the right ones from that math. I have a bunch of errors here. No, don't be sorry, Lisa. You've posed a really interesting problem, and it may have just revealed a bug in the system, which we always wanna fix our bugs. Embarrassing as they might be to be revealed in public. I'm just glad it was a question about wiki tree plus and not about the super tree or in my house. The super tree has some interesting things in it. Okay, now I've started the database, and let's see. We're really getting a peek behind the curtains here, folks. Get profiles, nope, they are still there. I will have to debug this further. Okay, well, Lisa, you just gave Alessha something to do. That's his detention for coming in just school late. Homework now. So yes, you thought the number would go down as you added the categories. Yeah, it'll go down next Monday, Tuesday. Yeah, Monday. Once it's been updated, so there you go. I think that's probably a problem with conception about wiki tree plus because it works so smoothly and so quickly, people assume that it's connected directly to the live wiki tree server, but there are good reasons why it's not connected live because some of these queries can be very intensive. And if this was going on at the same time as people were editing a bunch of profiles, it could cause chaos and we don't want that. Yes, these queries are way too complex for a SQL server that needs to perform also all the updates and everything else. Yeah, yeah, so.  All right. Yeah, if you're searching for a last name. You can search by this field, but it's only limited to this field, nothing more, so. Right. I think you are allowed, so if you, you can put like a sterix in, it should find alloys and the lash. Nice. And the alia. So it does support some special searches, but you cannot search by last name other, for instance, or search things. Also not by categories and everything else that is. We put it on wiki tree plus. So please have put Buck Fastly in there, that location that would pull up all the live ones that are live. In that other search, under birth. I don't know. Probably none of them have Trechnick. Oh, it's the last name. Yeah, I think the location here is just to narrow down the search. Right, yeah, so you still need a last name of some, sorry. So if I put Trechnick and... Yeah, Lumiana, there we go. It's all these people born in Lumiana, there we go. Yeah. Well, for instance, this one will not be found if I put in Slovenia, because it has the old name. Right. And third, so. Right. If I search for, where is the search forum? So Trechnick in Slovenia. Right. Returns 43 profiles, but only those that have Slovenia in locations. Right. As you can see here, while on wiki tree plus, if you search for Trechnick Slovenia, you get 90 profiles, because I also, I also recognize the Slovenian writing of the name, so with J at the end. Yes. And that's one set of profiles, and the other one is with crying from 100 years ago when we were out in Austro-Hungary. Oh, right. So like this Lumiana crying, Austria or... Okay. So I have some, in the location, I do recognize also other variations. Nice. Of the location. Right, okay, good. Okay. Well, thank you, Ann and Lisa for putting those questions in the GGG post. Does anyone else here have questions, further questions for Aleš? I don't see any others on hand. I can try another thing. Back fast. So. Go back to the, refresh the post, see if anyone snuck in a question after. Who's that? Nope, doesn't look like anyone has done that. So Lisa's saying that you can stop now. She's figured out that part of her issue was that it was a timing issue, not a search issue. But still it is an issue because the search that she did should have worked, and it's not. So. I really, I will have to really look under the hood, why this one is returned. Okay, I know why. I know, was this profile changed since Sunday? Well, she did add, she has been adding categories. March 3rd, right. I know. The categories that are written here. Yes. Actually updated daily. But what is written here is not in the search index. Search index is from Sunday, while the category list here is updated daily. Oh. Okay. That was the reason. So there's. It works. The search was working, but the reason they were shown here as a category is because they were entered after that the base dump. So that I always forget that. Oh, so the categories get added, get updated. Yeah. Not in the index. Index is built once on Monday. And that index is used for a whole week, but some data here is updated like categories and templates. I think they are imported daily and they do show, here I show the recent categories and templates that are used. Okay. So Lisa, you can verify that for us. So some of the ones that are showing up here to have the category. No, all of them must have been edited after the Sunday. Right, yeah. March 5th, yeah. There we go. Ooh. Well. Okay. So if you. It's not broken. It's just that we forgot that little piece. So if you saw where you see backfestly here in this cell, that means that you already entered the category. That's right. Okay. It's not the first time that I forgot about this. Yeah. Okay. And so that is, wow. Where is the category? That would be in the change, wouldn't it? Would the category be a part of the change? No. You have to look at last modified here on the profile. Oh, okay. Because profile was edited. So, if we check the change, edited the biography. March 7th. The categories were added. Yep. Categorization. Yep, March 2nd. There we go. That's one of them. Okay. Well, yes, it is a timing issue. Yeah. There we go. Good stuff. Okay. I don't see any other questions yet. So, you were busy with RootsTech. So I don't know, have you had other features in the last month that you've added that you want to show off? I don't know. I have to check. You have to check. Yeah. So what does this page say? So, okay, there were some minor back with suggestions. This one is also a backing suggestions that were resolved. It does show usually on the number of suggestions, but usually it's a small one. And I changed the tracker page. So for those that participated on the thorns or in similar events, and monthly challenges, I have now you see, there is no hint list on the right because it is now associated with the event. And after you select an event, you get the hints for that event. So, they have customized the hints. So this is for you as Black Heritage, Civil War and with the, this can be defined with the calendar entry. Define the challenge. So, now this- And you do, if you make a, like could you choose, if you hit click two of those hints, do they, does one just replace the other? Yeah. This one replaces one. And other, the exception is Wicked Review Wheels. Nope. No, no, no. Link builders. Oh, right. Link build. They actually requested a new feature. And that is to select multiple. So, we like link builders for IMDB and the ancestry. And you kind of built the- You built that comment. The comment. And I also here, I didn't do it yet, but I will in the following days, the scoring will also summarize by databases. So you will have a list for ancestry who did the most and for any other one. So this one changed on, some still use the old sources. I think, yeah, Sorcerer because this one was, the list was actually kind of formed. The fault list was formed for source aton. Right. Sorcerer also used it. But other challenges now have a possibility to- So what's different about the Appalachians? What, why are they different? Do they have the word biscuits in their comments? This one? No, I think it's the same one because, yeah. It's the same. They just mean, if they didn't define other, the hints and the default is shown. So these two challenges are showing default. You should add an extra one for them, just to say added biscuit rescue to profile. They can do it. I did provide a tool. Well, that's very cool. So any new challenge that comes up, we could have our own custom. That's very cool. Hint list, yeah. Yeah. Then here, I also added to all project reports. So that's on here, project, project, project, where are they? Here, this one. Now it's already the page. So it's no longer a link. But here, I added for each project a link to see their manage history of profiles added to their managed and watched lists. So here you can see when which profile was added to their lists. Now for the old data, I used the date of profile creation, but since January 24th or February, I'm not sure. It is by the day it was actually added. So if we check the Notables project. So here in March, this profile were added to their watch list. Some are as managed to manage list and some to trust it list. So both cases are listed here. So they can review recent changes on their, on the watch list and manage list. Very nice. Yeah. So this can be used for all the projects. Yeah. Especially for Notables, they have 8,000 profiles. They manage 8,000 profiles and most of them are unlisted, so for living people. So this is one of the few ways of getting to them. Yeah. Yeah. And actually, I mean, I don't think you get notified if someone adds you to the watch list. So they can just appear on some profiles. And they don't know that it's a, that they were, when they were added to that profile. So this was one of the changes. Too far back. Changes, no, we already, I think we did, I did show this on the last one, right? I think so, yeah. Yeah. What you've updated in the last month. In the last month, yeah. So that's very cool. You want to just show that again because there might be some. Yeah, I can, so. That is very, that is a very cool, very powerful one. So for those who missed the last one, yeah. So, wiki3 plus, and we can search for changes month because my wiki3, I did, that's any user. So if I search, I edited 204 profiles. Wow. Wow. So this is just editing, not creation. No, no, this is editing. Editing, nice. These are all profiles, probably. Yeah, yeah. And the month, does that start at day one or does that start for the last 30 days? Last 30 days, I think, yeah. Last 30 days from the moment of search. So from now, exactly. Yeah, I found a good solution. I only, I don't import all the edit history for all the profiles, but just when you use such a query, I query SQL server directly to get the profiles you changed in last month. That's a quick query. I get back the IDs, 200 IDs, and I display them. I mean, I get back more probably, but the unlisted are excluded. So the rest are shown. Okay, that just answers a question, a personal question I have for you about a new app I'm creating. So I can see that is gonna solve the question. Okay, let me write this down. Oh, yeah, you had some question about suggestions, right? Yes, I did. I did. Did you get it answered? I've got a partial answer, but it's a little, has to do with some more programming that's not directly related to Wiki Tree Plus that everyone else will be interested in. So I'll ask you that after we hang up here. Okay. But it's for a new, cool little challenge that will be revealed in a few months. Stay tuned, everyone. I'm just teasing you with that. Too bad Vicky Blanco isn't here in the chat with us because it was her idea that I'm looking for. That's good. Well, an hour has whipped by. Not for me. Not for you, but for me. Those first 20 minutes were a little hair-raising, but I tried to stay cool. Channel my inner Alish. Before we sign off, is there any other questions that we have for Alish? Nope. Doesn't look like that right now. So thank you to everyone who joined us live. And thank you for all of you who are watching after the class. I hope you enjoyed my little primer on how to get into Wiki Tree Plus and use a few of the things while I was floundering around there. And we're certainly glad that Alish was able to join us and take it. Yeah, this week was really chaotic. I mean, I flew back on Monday. From the States. And still the time zones change is terrible. Today I was up at 5 a.m. still. Oh, my goodness. And that's not, you're not normally that early a riser, are you? Oh, I am. I do occasionally.  I didn't fall asleep until 5 a.m. Oh, you hadn't got to sleep. Yeah. Oh, well, that's a totally different ball of wax that. Oh, my goodness. Yeah. Yeah, so. Going to America is cool because I just get up early in the morning. So I do get up in such like 5, 6 in the morning, but coming back is then harder. Harder, yes. Well, we're glad that you had a good time at RootsTech then. We did, we were having a lot of meetings. Oh, about things to do. And so, we did recovery and such. So that'll keep you busy for a while. Also, so quite a few new people there. So it was cool. I think it was a bit more visitors than last year. Oh, okay. It was a bit fuller. Last year was really, really a little, not that many. Right. This year it was, things are getting back to normal. That's good. That's good, yes. Well, I hope to join you next year for it. And look forward to that. But anyways, thank you everyone who joined us. I think it's time if we let you get back to your regular day and wiki-treeing and adding things to the global tree. And we'll see you next month. Bye. Bye, Kulesh. Bye-bye.


So, a spontaneous recovery is when you put a behavior on extinction after the subsequent extinction phase and or burst after a period of time the behaviors try to come back into play to meet reinforcement and or something like that and that is the spontaneous recovery. The moment where we haven't seen a set of behaviors that we put on extinction a while ago all of a sudden seem to come back out of nowhere and or spontaneously is a spontaneous recovery. The key point is to keep extinction still in effect. The moment spontaneous recovery happens if it doesn't meet extinction we can go right back to where we started. I've had several examples of kids screaming or hitting to get certain items for instance instead of saying hey can you share with me they just walk up and punch a kid we put that on extinction the moment they hit a kid they don't get access to anything as long as we keep extinction in effect we got behavior under control down to zero rates occasionally would get an attempt and or spontaneous recovery but extinction was still in effect in the clinic setting so per the treatment setting of 48 days they were no longer hitting kids for toys.