All right, yo, let's get everyone Nick Smith is back now originally this much em video was a live commentary But this is what it sounded like when I recorded it. We beat him in overtime. So Yeah, yeah So yeah, I couldn't put out a video with that type of audio, so I'm gonna have to post commentary this one I'm sorry for you guys. I wanted to see a live calm. I normally do live comps on the face cam But unfortunately Yeah, like you guys just heard the audio wasn't too good But pretty much in this episode I submitted my proposal finally You know, I updated the jersey a little bit I put the two logos on the side which is what the Indiana Pacers have in real life and I took the NBA logo off the top of the jersey because you guys Didn't want to see that and yeah, I submitted the proposal, which is good We have we will have you know the new jerseys and court for next season, which is awesome and remember this record from here on out, right we're 46 and 25 and Watch what the record ends up being by the end of the season because from here on out We just simulated to the end of the season. So let's skip over to there So now we're 52 and 29 make it 52 and 30 which ends the season I'm gonna do the trade near the What I like to speak some English, please. We're doing the trade negotiation Just because you know why not why not make trades a little bit easier because trades are pretty hard in my GM this year But uh, yeah, we simulated till the end of the season and we are going to play in the playoffs in the next couple episodes And hopefully the audio will be fixed by then I don't know what happened like it was just cutting in and out and all this other stuff and luckily I only recorded two episodes Because normally I record more than two. I normally record, you know five or four at a time but yeah, I don't know man I got lucky I guess because they could have been a lot worse and The other episode wasn't even like an episode of the Indiana Pacers my GM series, which is kind of cool But Westbrook wins the MVP, which yeah, I thought Geraint was gonna win it I was hoping Paul George was with but yeah Westbrook look at those numbers 24 points almost 10 rebounds 11.8 It's almost, you know, 12 assists 2.4 steals crazy game not crazy game crazy year You know cat Karl-Anthony Townsend's rookie of the year to nobly goes old-school six man of the year DeAndre 3000 wins, you know the fence for the year my main man Thaddeus young MRP most improved player 17 points 10 assists 10 rebounds. I can not even talk in this episode I apologize, but no, it's I like saying Thaddeus young, you know, I've got three boys in In in in the NBA I got my boy Andre Drummond my boy Thaddeus young and my boy Dwayne Wade But then I got some old-school guys I like to watch as well Ben Wallace and Alan Arson. So yeah Well, Paul George made it to the all NBA second team For the Indiana Pacers, which is awesome. You know, I think we had we didn't have anybody else to any other team We didn't have any rookies or anything like that. So Yeah, just Paul George and that's pretty much what the team was it was Paul George throughout the whole year pretty much But um, no We are going up against the Toronto Raptors in the first, you know first series of the of the NBA playoffs first round and The Raptors, you know, they're pretty good.  It's crazy Demars been playing really really well The only team the only trade that they've made is acquiring Taj Gibson and they traded Patrick Patterson I believe but I will check right now, but yeah Taj Gibson on the on the Raptors, that's a pretty good pickup in my opinion I mean, he's getting paid quite a bit, but I mean for the Raptors They kind of need a power forward and yeah, they traded Patrick Patterson for Taj Gibson. So uh What we're gonna do right now is we're gonna simulate First game up against the Raptors and let's hopefully let's see if we can take this win But uh, no if we don't if we don't beat the Raptors in the first round I'ma be pretty pissed like I mean we we're not the greatest team when you think about it We're the Indiana Pacers We got Paul George and we acquired Derrick Rose, but in 2k if you don't play with Derrick Rose Like if you if you're simulating games, he's not that good and by the way D Rose is actually injured for the first couple of games in this in this series. So yeah Yeah, he got injured, but Joe Green he stepped up 23 points 8 for 14 CGM ours played pretty well 21 points 21 Paul George was 13 points 16 assists three blocks this man was basically feasting But he only went he went 5 for 15 wasn't too good, but yeah, how did the how did the Raptors play? I think DeMar played pretty well in this game I'm gonna have to check in a sec, but Danny Grange he played all right off the bench and Yeah for the Raptors DeMar dropped 24 points with four steals six assists and four rebounds He was playing pretty well for the Raptors, but they couldn't get the win. So yeah, let's hop into game number two I think we should be able to win this game as well We're at home and home court advantage is always good and I to pause the recording and start again So yeah the the gate the audio and the and the video was just all messed up in this in this video So I'm sorry I have to post commentary this one, but it's all good because my pace is we're doing pretty well right now We're doing well where we're beating the Raptors by a pretty big lead right here So yeah, we win game number two as well Joe Green He's been stepping it up and this was a whole team performance if your top scorer is only 19 points I mean, that's a pretty solid effort since we since we played pretty well And I want to I wanted to see how well Joe Green was playing in this And then I also wanted to see how bad Paul George was playing because Paul George He hasn't really done much for me. So uh, yeah I went to I went to change the the scoring options because Paul George, you know, you know in an NBA player series You expect Paul George to be doing work And so here I changed him to the first scoring option D roast to the second and I even put Kenneth Reid at the third scoring option But he doesn't score, you know that Kenneth Reid is not a great offensive player and in 2k He doesn't really do much for me. So I think on draft night. I might look to trade Kenneth Reid Just as a heads up But I mean we'll have to see how far we make it into this into this series Whether we make it past the first round or pass a second round pass a third row I don't know, but you know, I'm looking to do some work And I want to win a championship with the Indiana Pacers, but I don't know if we can do it With the current team that we have now So I want you guys to comment down below in free agency You guys have watched a lot of my GM I'm expecting or just like you've watched my my GM series Hopefully so you guys have an idea or maybe you play 2k I don't know, but hopefully you guys have an idea on who's going into free agency, but off the top of my head I mean we've got LeBron, Drummond, Dwight, Hassan all these guys that you know, I could possibly get in In free agency, so I want you guys to comment down below right now Who were some players that you would like me to get in free agency and while you're at it It'd be awesome as you guys could please leave a like on this video to show your support for the next episode and the channel Whatever it is. It'd be awesome if you guys could leave a like rating down below, but um, yeah Paul George, I want to have a look at how he's been playing and Paul George. I mean, he's he's he's not doing too well right now I don't know what it is, but he just hasn't been scoring very well The last four games that or the last three games that we played up against the Raptors He's dropped 13 15 and 10 all with a terrible percentage So I don't know what Paul George is playing out But yeah, like I said, it'd be awesome if you guys can comment down below some free agents that you want me to pick up In your in the upcoming free agency But as of now I'm about to hop on and play 2k because I'm about to play game number four And hopefully we can sweep the Toronto Raptors and I'll catch you guys on the next episode It's been your boy Nick Smith. I'll catch you guys on the next one Peace


Are you planning on road tripping around New Zealand? You're not going to want to miss this video. Today I'm going to highlight some of my experiences road tripping around New Zealand as an American. So someone who's not used to the culture here, not used to the way things run here. And so just this is the kind of video you're going to watch, especially if you're traveling here, if you're not from New Zealand, and you just want to get some tips on what to expect when you road trip around New Zealand. Here we go. Welcome to my channel. If you're new here, we are a family of six that have moved to New Zealand from the US and have been here for seven years, please click on the link in my description to join my new online community. It's amazing if you want to connect a little bit closer and meet others in the same boat. It's a great place to join. The link is in the description. Also, I have a new show that has come out. That's going really well. It's cooking with Edmunds. It's the New Zealand cookbook and that comes out every week as well. So check that out. Road tripping around New Zealand is so exciting. One of my favorite things to do when we first moved here, we literally packed up every weekend and went out road tripping. And we've seen most of the whole country doing that. We've missed some spots. We haven't been to Stewart Island. At that point, we hadn't been to the Coromandel at different spots, but since then we have. But I just want to talk a little bit about road tripping, give you some tips, what to expect, especially if you're not from New Zealand because New Zealanders are like, oh, this is normal. It's not. It's not like what you're thinking. If you live in a different country now, of course, I don't represent all other countries either. I have traveled to a lot of other countries, but certainly not all of them. So I'm just going to give you some tips as an outsider, I guess, road tripping around New Zealand. The best things in New Zealand. And I think I said this before. The best things in New Zealand are at the end of a gravel road.  It's amazing. Keep going. Cause so many times, even when I've talked to other clients of mine or friends that have traveled and they're like, yeah, but we kind of hit this crazy road and we didn't want to go any farther. We didn't know. We're afraid we weren't on the right path. Now you are all of the best stuff continues on after you hit the gravel road. And surprisingly, like set up nicely, like public toilets are there at a lot of amazing hikes and trails around New Zealand. And so just keep going. If you hit the gravel road, you're in the right place. People drive really slow in New Zealand. Okay. So if you're from like a big city or use the driving fast, get used to that now for good reason. They are very windy roads depending on where you are. There's no like four lane highways where you can go really fast or anything. You know, the motorways are pretty small in general, but people move slowly. People let other people in. People are not in a hurry. So just when you're coming and you're road tripping, just prepare yourself for that because I think if it helps to be mentally prepared for that, and just know that you're not in a hurry and that you can take a break. Now, in addition to that, what's also funny is that when you are traveling around, you will not see many billboards compared to say the US or some other countries, but you will see billboards that say, slow down, take a break, cafe this way, even in the middle of nowhere. So these are the ones they're like encouraging you to take a break. So because they don't want people to drive tired. And so like to them, it's like if they're going to drive from like say Wellington to Auckland, which is eight hours, they would do it in multiple days, like take a break. So it's just really good to understand the mentality, because when we say that we're driving from Wellington to Auckland, like we did it recently and just on whim, that's normal for us. Like when you're from a bigger country where things are really far apart and distances are normal for you, just know that that's just not the way that they're thinking. And so there's a lot of times that people are like, okay, you know, people are keep telling me to take a break or, you know, that's too far and it might not be like your capacity to handle an eight hour drive is different. But keep in mind that driving in New Zealand can be difficult and that's very windy. If you have any sort of nausea or anybody in the car with you, keep that in mind because you can't do it quickly, right? And it can be more exhausting having to, you know, really, really pay attention. So just keep that in mind when you are traveling around New Zealand. My recommendation for you, if you are traveling, especially with children, is that you think ahead of preparing food. Now in the US, there are so many fast food restaurants that are always available. When I've traveled Southeast Asia, like the food is always available on the side of the road. But in New Zealand, that's not the case. Now New Zealanders think that there's plenty of food options all around. But when you're used to a different thing, it's it's not okay. It's not always available. And so always be prepared with food. So like pack lunches, you just don't know where you're going to go and going out to eat with a family, even if it's just lunch is very expensive. Like you can go to a cafe and still the eggs are $17. So my advice to you, if you're traveling with family or even not, it's just nice to be prepared and think ahead of time. They actually have really good food at the petrol stations, the gas stations here, which would seem odd to an American like you don't really eat the food at the gas station too much. But like the hot food I'm referring to, but the pies and the sausage rolls and the different things at a petrol station is actually pretty good. And yeah, and we eat there a lot too. So and you don't and there's not always a lot in between depending on where you are. So just be prepared. I would bring something with you. What I noticed when I came here is that you always had to prepare.  But like here I would highly recommend that you do that. If you are traveling with a large family like mine, we have a family of sex, we found that the hotels or the accommodations Airbnb's are not set up well for larger families. And so this is my recommendation. And this is what we would do because it gets, wait, you know, like an unaffordable to have like multiple hotel rooms because they're very much into like everybody should have their own bed. Whereas we like to travel like we're happy to travel with, you know, sleeping bag and a mat for a small child, like it's fine. Like they don't need to have like their own bed, but that's just how they will look at things here in New Zealand. And so what I would do is I would find Airbnb that was almost big enough and I would email and let them know, Hey, I have an extra child. We are going to bring this or they can sleep on the couch or, you know, there's always lots of options and just let them know that ahead of time and they're generally very accommodating and that's fine. But it gets a little bit frustrating when you're trying to book it online and you can't just do it because you have too many people. That's what I would do because you can't afford to do accommodation is expensive here. And if you just let them know, then it just makes everything easier and a lot clearer. Always, always, always pack your sunscreen and probably bug spray as well depending on where you are. Yeah, the sun is hot and it can be dangerous. Bring your sun hat. It's just very different in New Zealand. Like everybody wears sun hats. Everybody, you know, is always putting on sunscreen. And so just be aware of that that you need to, you know, take precautions to do that kind of no matter what time of day. When you are looking to book a tour and you have a family, always look for the family deal because that's always a way better. There's also called a website called bookme.com, which is they have like deals on most tours around New Zealand the whole time and I book a lot through there. That's a really helpful site.  And also don't expect all the movie theaters to have popcorn, because some of like they have these really cute boutique ones, smaller ones, they don't have popcorn always, which is cute. But they always have like wine or beer and some ciders and some baked goods, which is a nice variety. And they also always have what is ice cream cones like they have these frozen ice cream cones that they eat when they're, you know, at the movie theater and just very normal. And I love that. And I just had never seen that before, before I came here. Inks in New Zealand shut down pretty early. So if you're planning a shopping trip, make sure that it's between like, you know, nine and five or nine and four, really. And then also be aware that most cafes are shutting down at three. And so like, if you're looking at something to eat between like three and five before the restaurant's open, that can be hard, depending on where you are. There is always the American fast food McDonald's Burger King Subway, that sort of thing around. But if you're looking to get like a New Zealand experience, just be aware that things aren't always open.  So always phone first. That would be my advice. Okay, thoughts on like Wi-Fi and parking and other little things like that. Parking generally isn't a problem. Even if you have to pay for it in the city, it's not that difficult to find generally. And it's not that expensive. If you have to park overnight, then that becomes a little bit more complicated. I was just, I would just always ask your accommodation. And Wi-Fi is generally pretty good and offered in most places when you're traveling and you have, you know, like your cell phone, you're wondering, I always, when I have access to Wi-Fi, I always load up my map of where my next point is.  Now I'm in the middle of nowhere and I can't figure out where our accommodation is. So those are just basic tips, I think that you would use anywhere. But I always get lots of questions on that as well. Always be prepared for rain. You're on an island and it can kind of come and go and change the weather can change quite drastically. Be prepared for rain always. So I always, if that's one of the things that I tell people to bring here is a good, like an actual rain jacket, not like one of those fake ones that don't actually protect you, but an actual rain jacket because you end up hiking a lot, doing a lot of things in the outdoors. I generally recommend in terms of shoes to wear things that are, you know, you don't have to have like full hiking shoes. I like the ones that have like good traction on the bottom, but are still like tennis shoe type shoes. So you can kind of wear them daily, but then also good if you end up, you know, getting on the trail suddenly. Be aware of the New Zealand school holidays. That's when things really book up. And I'm a real spontaneous person and love to book spontaneous travel and you still can. I still have not gotten to a point where I wasn't able to find a place. And also when you go into towns, you know, there's plenty of motels, for example, that aren't, they don't have a website, for example. So you can figure it out. But like if you're going around the school holidays, try to book as much as you can in advance. Otherwise the price is really, really high and unaffordable in a lot of ways. So be aware of their school holidays because that's when everybody travels. And it's multiple times throughout the year. It's not the same as the US. So they have six weeks off during Christmas and then every eight to 10 weeks, they have another two week holiday. So be aware of those that will really help you or public holidays in New Zealand. Book those probably accommodation and tours ahead of time. Well, I hope that was helpful. If you have any of your own travel tips, please comment them below and share them so everybody can enjoy that. Of course, I probably haven't covered everything, but I don't want to make the video too long. And just wanted to give you some of my insider tips today on traveling around New Zealand. I'll see you guys next week.


Hi Ryan here again and if you've been following along this is another video in a series on basically how to take video and Put it on to YouTube So if you're watching these in order, this would be the second video in the last video I showed you how to directly upload using your webcam This walkthrough however shows you how to upload a file that you use if you use the method where you record it Your computer and now need to take that file and put it up to YouTube So just to catch you up if you are doing this out of order We've gone ahead and navigated to YouTube calm We've signed into YouTube and we have something that we want to put on the YouTube So I'll go ahead and walk you through this again So the first thing that you want to do once you've signed in is click the upload button This should be familiar if you're watching these in order again. We've got this screen But this time we do not want to click the webcam capture button because we've already got a file Instead what we want to do is go ahead and drag and drop the file that we recorded directly to our computer Using that method so since I already have one the previous file that I want to upload from the last walkthrough Anyways, we'll conveniently use that as our example So I go ahead and find that file on my computer And then I just take the file and I drag it on over here to YouTube and it will do its magic Now you'll notice here that while the last video when I recorded it uploaded relatively fast There's a bit of a time delay when you upload directly now There's a lot of benefits to Using the record directly to your computer one if the internet goes down you still have a backup copy If you don't want to have to access student videos from YouTube at home You've got the hard copy inside of that But the big disadvantage that method is the time delay so I'm gonna go ahead and pause this recording and pop back in in a couple of seconds But you can see here that the estimated time to finish uploading is about 11 minutes So and that was only from the few minute video that we had again if you do this on campus Where you have a much higher upload it's gonna go faster But here on my home DSL. It's rather slow. So we'll be back in just a second when this thing finishes And we are back. I bet we really really wish that in real life I could fast-forward things as fast as that went So at this point the video is Uploaded to YouTube and if you needed to you could go ahead and leave why it does the processing since this was such a Small video it won't take it very long in the process and it will show up live Pretty fast at the link that you have here But if you were like uploading videos at the end of class or something you could go ahead and leave at this point Because it's going to finish them. All right Let's go ahead and click on over here and just verify that everything is working And as you can see it's got our video from before and it looks like it is up and it is good So this go ahead this will go ahead and conclude the process of uploading a file directly to YouTube. Thank you


My name is Erika Merritt. I'm a local singer and songwriter and today I'm here to talk to you about singing. We will cover how to prepare before singing or how to prepare to sing. We will go through body and facial exercises as well as addressing nervousness and anxiousness that comes along with singing. Thinking can be so rewarding. It's one of the most rewarding things I've ever done. I usually feel about 10 times better after I sing. So before doing so I like to center myself so that I can just focus on singing. The first thing I like to do is something called a body check or a sintering exercise. I'm going to name various parts of your body and as I name them I want you to check in with them. Oftentimes people say, how are you? And you think about it. This time I want you to feel about it. I'm going to ask you how your body parts are feeling today. All right. As I'm doing this I want you to make sure that you're taking deep breaths in and out as we check through various parts of our body. All right. All right. Let's get started.  You can keep them open if you like. I'm going to close minds not ignoring you. All right.  All right. Let's check in with the bottom of our feet. Moving to our heels, ankles, our shins, which is between our ankle and our knee, that area. Check in. How about our knees? What are your knees feeling like? If they're sore try to relax them. If they're tense try to relax them. Let's move to our thighs. How are those thighs feeling?  Pelvic area is between your hips. I'm leaning forward. Sometimes it helps to isolate the pelvic area. All right. Let's go to our stomach.  How's your chin feeling? If it's tight, let's loosen it up or your jaw that's connected to your chin.  How about your forehead?   Now let's go to the bottom of your feet. Let's pretend that there are roots pulling the bottom of your feet downwards, rooted into the ground. At the same time we are going to pretend that there are roots growing out from the top of our head and pulling us straight into the sky so we're being pulled both ways downwards and upwards at the same time. Now I'd like you to think of everything that you want to offer this world and offer your family and your friends. Breathe it in and I mean as far as gratitude, joy, love, those type of things. Let's breathe it in and let's let it out. Open your eyes if they're not already open and that's it. We're centered. The second thing we're going to focus on is how to prepare your face. When we sing we use our face, yes? Well there are lots of tiny muscles in our face and just like any other thing or any other muscle that we use we like to warm them up. The first exercise I'd like to take you through is called the lip trill. It's kind of like making motorboat sounds right? Silly right? Sometimes it's easier to use your hands on your face like this. Push your cheeks up and do it like this. We're going to do that five times in a row and when we do it we're going to go up and down like this with our voice. Okay let's do that five times. First time here we go. I won't use my hands on my cheeks but if it's easier to do this let's do it. I'm a pro at this so I won't use my hands. All right here we go. One take a deep breath and let's begin. If you notice a little tickle above your lip that's normal. Mine's just tickling right now. All right the next thing we're going to focus on is something I like to call the yawning exercise. The yawning exercise allows you to relax your jaw and supports relaxing the whole palate and the back of your throat. Okay so let's try it.  Let's do it again. Let's go a few more times. Hope I don't fall asleep. Let's try it two more times. Last time great.  This is really good for exercising all the muscles in your face.  It's like kind of funny right? So we're going to go from lemon face to smiley face. Okay we're going to do that five times in a row. Let me see your lemon face. What does it look like when you taste the lemon? All right lemon face. Hold it. Smiley face. Lemon face. Smiley face. Lemon face. Smiley face. Two more times. Lemon face. Smiley face. Lemon face. Smiley face. Very good. How many feel muscles in your face being stretched just a little bit. I know I do. Very good. Now we're going that our face is all warmed up. We are going to do a little bit of singing. Now before we do that I want to talk about the feelings of nervousness and anxiousness that are associated with singing. I want you to know that when you're singing it's your show okay. Act like there's no one else in the world or no one else in the room and just give it what you got okay. We're going to use the call and response method where I will call something out or sing something out and you'll repeat it. When it's your turn I'll point at you okay. I'll start first excuse me and then I'll point at you and you'll do the exact same thing that I did okay. All right here we go. Now that our face and our mind is all warmed up we should be geared up and ready to try a little bit of singing. This exercise is going to incorporate our yawn or our jaw and now that it's relaxed it should be nice and loose and ready to do this activity all right. We're going to use the call and response method. I'm going to sing something to you and then I'm going to throw it to you and you're going to sing it back. When I'm singing I'll point to myself and when it's your turn I'll go like this and that symbolizes that it's your turn all right. Here we go one two ready and with me today my name is Erica Merritt and this lesson is called preparing to sing.


I got some real news for you today, although there is some speculation we can go along with this news But before I get into it. Hey look go bucks. I know you play Denver Nuggets today. Let's get it done Let's keep the win streak alive, but more importantly than that You should enter to win a copy of Monster Hunter rides. That's right this month I'm giving away a copy of Monster Hunter Rise and to $20 Nintendo switch PlayStation or Xbox gift cards. It'll be user choice. That's right. We're giving away three things That means three winners to enter head down to the description or the pin comment Also, I messed with some settings on the camera. So let me know if the focus is a little bit better now Or if it's worse, we'll find out as we go. I'll file no one editing for crying out loud. Let's get into this so Square Enix is Just inked a deal with a Polish studio called forever entertainment and they inked this deal specifically to make remakes of Well, like a certain IP at square We aren't sure which IP But forever entertainment was actually the team behind the Panzer Dragoon remaster on Nintendo switch So they specifically have recently done a remaster for switch And they are the company that announced that they say they announced that they have inked a new deal with Square Enix Which will see remakes of several titles all of these remakes are based on the same brand So it's the same IP Multiple titles, but the series is not being confirmed at the moment They are not going to tell you or give you any additional information on it And it says it will be made public in a separate report when the global marketing campaign begins Basically when Square decides they want to advertise the games. That's when they will announce obviously what IP they're working with They will include new graphic designs in these remakes Although the gameplay and scenario will remain consistent with the original version Revenue across all platforms will be split between forever entertainment and Square Enix So these remakes are going to be on more than just switch. They're going to be multiple platforms But it's very sure to see what games are talking about Interestingly enough like Final Fantasy 1 through 6 doesn't really have a presence on switch So you had to wonder is that potential we're going with some Final Fantasy Obviously Dragon Quest 11 was a massive success on switch Is it possible we're going to see Dragon Quest games remastered or remade on me for switch Obviously for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X as well I don't know like there could be so many different square IPs that could come back like when I look at some of the comments on this because I got this from Nintendo life calm because they translated it from a foreign source You know, there's a lot of people that are wondering about Chrono trigger Chrono cross, you know whether those can get remakes You know illusion of Gaia Act Razor Soul Blazer just to throw a little Variation out there other IPs that Square has control of but obviously the big ones are Dragon Quest and Final Fantasy I think a lot of people would like to see some Final Fantasy remakes I know that we have that Final Fantasy 7 remake happening and part 2 coming later some DLC for part one coming later this year But I do think that there is a high possibility That we could see Final Fantasy 1 through 6 potentially as the ones that get remade here, but who knows it could be Any of you know squares main IPs I would say because it's it's many titles in the same brand So we'll see what happens here. I I obviously have no clue what it's going to be But I do know that Square makes a lot of games. I enjoy they don't really put out I mean this is gonna be a little controversial for some people To me Square Enix has yet to put out a bad Game they have put out games that aren't as good as you wish they were but I don't really recall a square game I have actually touched that I can legitimately look at them and go man This game is terrible, and I'm sure someone's gonna come up with some obscure example of a game that I've never tried before But I'm pretty excited about this and obviously the studio having experienced just recently But by porting Panzer Trey goon over And making a remaster of that on switch I think is Italian sign that for other entertainment is not going to lead the switch behind the switch is also the lead platform in Japan It's like the only platform that matters in Japan although PlayStation 5 has picked up sales a little bit I think it's all 25,000 units last week, but still well behind what switch is doing Very clearly you're gonna want to bring whatever product switch Especially from Square if you wanted to sell in Japan So I do think that you know they're gonna bring switch into the fold and square Enix obviously isn't like leaving Nintendo behind anyways They just released bravely default to on switch and really default to for all intents and purposes is a pretty fantastic game From those that have played it I am not one of those people maybe I'll eventually pick it up But it seems to be a game that people are really enjoying and obviously has a history Square obviously saw a massive success with Octopath traveler on switch to the point that they ended up making a mobile prequel And now they have a sequel coming out Eventually so yeah, I mean square obviously is not a company that has intentionally left Nintendo behind but obviously, you know vinyl fantasy 15 We know is an exclusive the PlayStation 5 Or at least exclusive the PlayStation maybe it'll end up on for I don't know But I do know that that's exclusive to Sony anyways And you know square is obviously got a really tight partnership with Sony but I would venture to say if we're looking at older catalog games getting remade That you would obviously consider all platforms not just Sony not just Xbox not just PC but switch as well So I think this is very good news for gamers on the whole. We'll have to see what they do They actually did a really great job with the print of the pan the panzer the panzer dragoon Remake from videos I have seen and based on reviews I have watched and read about it. It seems that they did a really nice job with that So maybe another great studio to kind of put a notch in the belt, you know Just like with a panic button and such where you know a group that could bring games to switch and realize them in a way That the original makers of the games can be proud of and obviously I really want to see what they could do with next-gen Technology and all jazz. Is it really next-gen? I guess it's current gen at this point, right? I know we have this habit of still calling it next-gen, but technically the systems are out Even if a lot of you guys don't own them So like it's current gen now, but anyways, you guys let me know you think about starting the comments below I'm pretty excited and you Yeah, that's all I got for you for this video. Thank you so much for tuning in and I'll catch you in the next one


It means a lot to me, I had a great career there, really enjoyed my time there. I've got to play three seasons there, but it'll mean a lot going back this week and getting the coach there. It'll be a little bit different, and now they're booing me from the other side, as in when they was cheering me on and when we was winning championships. But getting dressed in that visitor's locker room, coaching on that visitor's sideline will be different. But it's a business trip for me, and I got to keep our kids focused. It's not about me, it's about our kids. And keeping them focused and being ready to play for 60 minutes, going up there. And we got to see improvement from last week to this week. And if we continue to improve each week, we got to achieve our goals at the end of the season. And we're going to go out there and compete for 60 minutes to see what happens. You never know. We're feeling great. We came off two great wins. And I think we're playing the best ball we've been playing here lately. And we're just clicking as a unit. We just got to play perfect. They're bigger than us, so we just got to play perfect. Play a good, solid game. Just go in there like we go in every other game. We're going to go out and everybody's going to do their job. Everyone, 11 players do their job, and we're going to play 11-on-11, try to compete. The coach has just been putting us in, going and put us in a right place. I thought it was just to play hard and everything was just falling into place. This year we're actually, I feel like we're a team, we're brothers. Unlike previous years, so that'll help us out a lot. First downs and ball security really, that just wins the games. First downs equals touchdowns. And then if we can move the ball, then we'd be good.


The field of precision oncology has been revolutionized by next-generation sequencing technologies and large-scale tumor molecular profiling programs, leading to the development of biomarker-matching therapies with significant survival benefits in several cancer types. However, healthcare professionals face challenges in interpreting and translating comprehensive genomic analyses, which require novel molecular characterization strategies beyond tumor DNA sequencing, such as transcriptomics, immunofenotyping, epigenetic profiling, and single-cell analyses. Liquid biopsies also provide potential applications for evaluating blood-based biomarkers like circulating tumor cells and circulating euclidic acids. Lessons learned from existing limitations of genotype-derived therapies can expand precision medicine beyond genomics. This article was authored by you and I'm alone, Marco Lever, Peter J. B. Sabatini, and others.


Today we will start with our discussion on the dynamics of viscous flows. As you remember we were discussing about the transformation of the integral forms of the differential equation, integral forms of the conservation equations to the corresponding differential forms and from that we came up with a differential form for the momentum conservation and we will start with that differential form. So what was the differential form? Let us write it once more. This was the differential form that we derived. We should keep in mind that this here everything is written in the index notation that means there are certain terms where there is an invisible summation. In which term there are summations? There are 2 terms in the left hand side and 2 terms in the right hand side. So out of these terms in which terms you have summations? Second term in the left hand side because you have this repeated index. So this is actually summation of this one with j running from 1 to 3. That means wherever there is such a repeated index this is like a dummy index. In place of j you could write klm whatever because that is not the index that is like free for you. I mean it is summed up. Here also it is j equal to 1 to 3 because it is a repeated index. So whatever index is not a repeated index. Here i is not a repeated index. So i you are free to choose. So i equal to 1 will give the x component of the momentum conservation equation. i equal to 2 will give the y component. i equal to 3 will give the z component. That is the basic way of looking into it. So it is also possible therefore to write in a way in which you write the velocity components uvw. So alternative notations if you write in terms of uvw you write, let us say you write i equal to 1. So it is u1 which is equivalent to u the x component of the velocity. So what is this? Then such a summation so this is the equation written for motion along x. You see the advantage with the index notation is so compact and this when you have expanded it it does not look that compact. Obviously it means the same whenever we will be looking for analytical solutions we will be expanding in this form. But at the same time for the convenience of writing and understanding the index notation many times is quite suitable. Now we will start with this equation. We will use the index notation for deriving the rest of the things. But whatever is our final form again we will come back to the alternative notation. So that you may use those forms for solving the problems. Now we will start with this form with a question what are the assumptions under which this is valid because we may proceed only from that. So we need to understand that what are the assumptions which are inbuilt with this equation. What kind of assumptions were there? Well continuum yes because these are continuum conservation equations. Any more assumption? The reference frame is stationary that was the assumption right. So if you have a moving reference frame it would be easy and straight forward to derive the form because if you recall how did these terms appear. So you had a resultant force in the left hand side of the statement of the Reynolds transport theorem. There you had surface forces and body forces. This term came from surface forces, this term came from body forces. And in the right hand side there was a transient term from which this came and there was an advection term because of the transport of the fluid across the surface of the control volume. From that this term came by converting it into a volume integral. So it is important to keep in mind that what these are. We will see later on that it is equivalent to an equation written in an Eulerian description where the left hand side is like acceleration per unit mass say and right hand side is force per unit mass. So it is as good as like almost like Newton's second law of motion. Now the other question is that which we partially address that what are the physical significances of these terms. And if you look for these terms we will recognize that this right hand side we had recognized. The left hand side we will see that it will come as some function of acceleration or it will be directly related to the acceleration. So acceleration of the flow is related somehow with the transients that is the unsteady effect that is at a particular location if things change with time. And if there is a change because of the change in position from one point to another point where the particle finds a new flow field that is the advective effect. And the combination of that is the total derivative we will be able to express this in terms of the total derivative that we will do subsequently. If you want to write this for a non-inertial reference frame you have to just keep in mind that the left hand side for a non-inertial reference frame is corrected with a correction factor minus equivalent to like a D'Alembert's force like minus mass into acceleration that type of term where that is like a relative acceleration. In that relative acceleration you have terms related to the angular velocity of the reference frame or angular acceleration of the reference frame like that. So you can incorporate those correction terms and that is itself a volume integral and derive it in the same way you will see that you will get some extra terms because of the transformation of coordinates. Otherwise this is quite straight forward and the advantage or the elegance of this form is that it is independent of the nature of the fluid that you are looking for. Till now we have not committed ourselves to whether the fluid is Newtonian, non-Newtonian or whatever it is just for any generic fluid. So this equation is known as Navier's equation of equilibrium. This much we discussed in the last class but this is just a brief recapitulation so that we may start with this. Now our objective will be to see that what equations we have with us. See what is our objective? Our objective is to have sufficient equations so that we may solve for the unknown variables. So we have to identify what are the unknown variables. See if you look into this equation what would be the unknowns? See definitely if you have a forcing on a system you know what is the body force because if you do not know what is the force to which it is subjected you cannot find out how the system evolves under the action of the force. So you know the force. What are the things which are unknown here? So velocity components are unknown here and also the stress tensor components these are not known to you. So the stress tensor components in turn may be expressed in terms of the velocities and that we have to see that is it in terms of the velocities directly or in terms of the gradients of velocities. So we can qualitatively understand from our studies in kinematics of flows that any deformation for a fluid is actually not important in an absolute sense but the rate of deformation is what is important in an absolute sense. So when we say rate of deformation we mean linear deformation, angular deformation, linear deformation may give rise to a volumetric change. So all these are expressed in terms of rates for fluids because the understanding is fluids are anyway continuously deforming. So if we allow more and more time deformation will be more and more that is not a quantification of anything. Quantification is the rate at which that deformation is taking place or the rate of strain so to say. Now that rate of strain should be related to this one but we have to keep in mind that there is a forcing condition, there is a surface forcing condition which should not depend on the rate of deformation. What is that surface forcing condition? So if you have a force on a surface this somehow is a representative of what is the forcing condition on a surface of a fluid element. Now there is a part of that forcing condition which should not be dependent on the rate of deformation and that we should isolate. What is that? That should be the pressure distribution because we have seen that what is the hallmark of a fluid at rest. If there is a fluid at rest that means it is not deforming and we know that fluids are in continuous deformation subjected to shear forces. So that means when fluid is at rest there are 2 important things which are occurring. One is there is no shear force because if there is a shear force it will start deforming except for some special fluids which we have discussed as some special non-Newtonian fluids but in general if you apply a force the fluid will start its deformation. So if it is at rest that means there is no shear force. There is only normal force but a special type of normal force that is not dependent on its deformation because you can also have a normal force which may be related to deformation may not be angular deformation but may be volumetric deformation. So if you have an element you may be able to stretch it or compress it by a normal force. So it is not just true that if you have a normal force then that is not related to deformation. Normal force also may be related to deformation but pressure is going to be such a normal force which is not related to the deformation because it is equally applicable for fluids at rest which are not under deformation. That does not mean that when a fluid is moving it does not have pressure. Simply we can isolate that effect and say that whatever is the remaining effect that is related to the deformation of the fluid. So when a fluid is moving it is equally subjected to pressure but we may isolate that part and say yes the effect due to pressure was something which was not responsible for its deformation and anything else would be responsible for its deformation. Accordingly what we may do is we may decompose this tau ij into 2 parts. One part we say is a hydrostatic component and other part we call as a deviatoric component. So hydrostatic component is something from the name it is clear that as if it talks about a static condition. So it is not related to therefore deformation. So we can broadly say that we are decomposing it into 2 components. One component is not related to deformation and other component is related to deformation. That is the whole idea and when the component that is related to deformation that component should be only a function of pressure because when a fluid is at rest you can only have the description of the equilibrium through the pressure. Now coming to the deviatoric component which will be more interesting for fluid under motion which is under our discussion at the moment. So this deviatoric component should be a function of what? It should be a function of the rate of deformation. So when you write the rate of deformation let us just recall that the rate of deformation in general in the most general form this could be a gradient of velocity where i and j could be different indices. In a special case i and j could be the same index. So we have seen earlier which is quite trivial that you can write this as this writing is nothing very special it is just writing an identity and the whole understanding is that this is like a tensor. You may write it in a matrix form also because you have 2 indices i and j and basically you are decomposing it into a symmetric and a skew symmetric tensor. So the first one is the symmetric one next is the skew symmetric one. Physically this decomposition is very important mathematically may be very very trivial but physical importance is that this is related to the deformation and this is related to the rotation. So when you have a rotational sense you do not directly associate that with deformation because an element may have rotation without deformation that is like a digit body rotation that is a special case. So if you want to relate the deviatoric stress tensor component with something what should be that something I would say that the deformation which is appearing from here should be a natural should be naturally related to the deviatoric stress tensor component right. So that is the first understanding. So we have to first understand that what depends on what because we are trying to develop something which is called as a constitutive relationship or constitutive behavior. What is a constitutive behavior that is if you have think about say Hooke's law in linear elasticity. So you say that stress is linearly proportional to strain within proportional limit of an elastic material. So if you say that stress is linearly proportional to strain that means you are somehow relating a cause with an effect and that comes from the behavior of the material because this you cannot generalize. It is specific to different materials and that material constant will appear in form of a modulus of elasticity. So modulus of elasticity is the gross response of the material against the applied loading condition. In say it is a tensile load and it starts getting elongated. Now the manner in which it is going to get elongated depends on its modulus of elasticity which comes from the inner characteristics of the material. So it is a gross consequence of the material characteristics and that is where it will be different for different materials. So it comes from the constitution of the material that is it is intrinsic to the behavior of the material and that we call as a constitutive behavior. So just like you have for solids constitutive behavior in that way for fluids also you have constitutive behavior in that way and that is how we have Newtonian fluids non-Newtonian fluids like that because different fluids have different constitutive behaviors. So we are interested to have a constitutive behavior or have a functional form of the constitutive behavior. So the functional form in a very qualitative way should be from our discussion that tau ij deviatoric should be a function of the rate of deformation. That much we should appreciate qualitatively okay. Now the question is this function may be of whatever complex nature and important thing is it will depend on what? It will depend on a deformation rate of deformation which is also a second order tensor. So now we are interested to write a function where the dependent variable so to say is a second order tensor, this is a second order tensor and the variable in which or the function on which it is going to depend that is the independent function so to say is also a second order tensor. And we are interested about the functional relationship between these 2. This is not a very simple task. So we will not look into the most general way of characterizing this. There is no very general way of characterizing this. So we have to think about special cases and the special cases are the cases when these are linearly related which is like the Newton's law of viscosity. So we will now consider a Newtonian fluid. So if you have a Newtonian fluid then this will be a linear function. That means the deviatoric stress tensor will be a linear function of the rate of deformation just like Hooke's law for linearly elastic material solid material. So the question is now how we are going to write it? We have to keep in mind that we are now interested to write a transformation that maps a second order tensor onto a second order tensor. Earlier we wrote a transformation which maps a vector onto a vector. If you recall the Cauchy's theorem, the traction vector was mapped in terms of the direction normal or direction cosines of the area which was chosen to evaluate the stress tensor, the traction vector components and that mapping was successful through a second order tensor which is the stress tensor. So the second order tensor was such that it mapped a vector onto a vector that much of mathematical understanding we had. Now we are in a situation where we have to map a second order tensor onto a second order tensor. So there should be some intermediate transformation and that transformation is a fourth order tensor. So fourth order tensor is something which maps a second order tensor onto another second order tensor. So this linear function is written in this form tau ij is equal to a fourth order tensor say Cijkl and a second order tensor. So what is Ekl? Ekl is like okay. So this is Ekl. So E is like the rate of deformation, just this form, just i and j are replaced by k and l. So this is like Eij, whatever is written here okay. Just a symbolic way so that we do not have to write the big thing again and again, that is just a symbolic way of writing it. Now look into this. So what are the repeating indices here?  So you have basically summation over k and summation over l each running from 1 to 3. But the more important thing is that so k and l could be from 1 to 3, i and j also could be from 1 to 3, those are free but you could have i equal to 1, 2 or 3 or j equal to 1, 2 or 3. So how many combinations with Cijkl are possible? In the most general case, 3 into 3 into 3 into 3, 3 to the power 4. So you could have 81 components of Cijkl and that is the most general constitutive behavior for a Newtonian fluid. That means if it has no other special effect, then you would require 81 independent constants to specify its constitutive behavior. That is not again a very simple thing. So of course we are not going into that what would be the picture if we had 81 constants. We will see that those will be reduced to again fewer number of constants even in a more general case because we know tau ij equal to tau ji. So from that symmetry, we can at least reduce a few in number. So we will not go through that route but we will at least keep in mind that mathematically speaking, if you do not use the symmetry of tau ij, you have 81. If you use the symmetry of tau ij, 36. So I will leave it on you as an exercise to show that if you use tau ij equal to tau ji, the 81 constants may be reduced to 36 constants. But the thing is that is also not something which is very very tractable. Think about a problem where you are a practical problem where you require 36 material constant properties to describe a flow. I mean in a very general situation that might be the case but that is not a very common case in engineering or even in science it is not a very common case. So we will do in this course or we will address in this course something which is perhaps the simplest of all these cases but the most commonly encountered one that is we will consider the very special case of a homogeneous and isotropic fluid. So the special case that we consider is homogeneous and isotropic fluid. Homogeneous fluid and isotropic fluid. So till now what assumptions we have made? We have made assumptions first of all stationary reference frame that is with which started our equation. Then a Newtonian fluid special case homogeneous and isotropic Newtonian fluid okay. So now the question is that when you have a homogeneous and isotropic fluid what is the special characteristic that you have? So what should be the dictating factor for a homogeneous and isotropic? So what is homogeneity? So homogeneity means it is same at all points in the flow field that any property is same or position independent at all. So this is related to position independence. So the constitutive behaviour does not vary from one point to another point and isotropy means direction independence. What is the hallmark of that? Say if you have coordinate directions say x and x 1 and y 1 and if you measure or if you try to assess the constitutive behaviour on the basis of that now if you have a transformed coordinate system still orthogonal but let us say x prime and y prime with a rotation. This does not disturb the constitutive behaviour although the orientations of the axis that you have considered for describing the behaviour those have changed but in terms of that new axis the constitutive behaviour still remains the same. The description still remains the same that is called as an isotropy. So we are going to think about a homogeneous and isotropic fluid. So if you have a homogeneous fluid the thing that we will immediately conclude is that Cijkl should be independent of position otherwise if Cijkl is a function of position it loses its homogeneity. What would be the consequence of isotropy? That is something which we need to look into more details mathematically. So for isotropy to say that you want to form something like you have an isotropy and the fourth order tensor Cijkl how could you convert this into a scalar because see let us say our objective is to convert or transform this one into an isotropic scalar okay. Let us say there could be many ways of doing it. Let us say what you are given are vectors. Using vector how can you convert this into a scalar? Forget about isotropy. How can you use vectors to convert it to a scalar? Let us say you have how many vectors would you require first you say. This is just from common index notation understanding you can say 4 because if somehow you can sum it up over these indices then it will have no free indices and that then it will become a scalar. So if you have say 4 vectors a, b, c and d you know vector is characterized by one index. So this say it has a i just for its index notation say this is bj, this is ck, this is dl. Just mathematically now if you have say this a i, bj, ck, dl then and if you write it in this way that means there is an invisible summation over ijkl. So at the end whatever comes out does not have any index and it is a scalar right. So you can employ 4 vectors, 4 independent vectors to convert a fourth order tensor to a scalar that we can understand. But we are interested for a special type of scalar which is an isotropic scalar. Now let us see that what can lead to isotropy if you are dealing with 4 vectors. So how can you say just look into this example. Here we had 2 vectors when we talked about this rotation actually we talked about a vector say maybe one vector oriented along x another vector oriented along y and this vector combination was rotated and after rotating this vector combination the property or the constitutive behavior whatever is described through the new orientation that is same as whatever is the description through the old orientation that is the implication of isotropy. So what is the meaning? The meaning is the meaning is very interesting if you do not change the angle between the 2 vectors then it does not change. So when you what is rotation? Rotation is something which preserves the angle between whatever vectors were there. So as if you are rotating these vectors like a rigid body keeping the angle between the vector same. So if you have vectors a, b, c and d and if you somehow preserve the angle between these 2 taken in pairs say a with b and c with d maybe a with c and b with d and a with d and b with c these are the possible pairings. So with these possible pairings if somehow you keep the angle between these as unaltered then no matter whatever is there orientation in space so long as the relative angle does not get disturbed it should give back the same behavior that is the meaning of isotropy. So if you have vectors a, b, c and d so what kind of combinations you can have taking all those 4 you can have a dot b and that corresponding combination is c dot d then you could have a dot c, b dot d and a dot d, b dot c. Why dot? Because dot directly gives the angle between 2 vectors we were talking about the angle between 2 vectors. So if we consider the dot product that that returns sort of angle between the vectors. So if that is preserved then isotropy is preserved. So why such a combination because you see that this will give rise to a scalar. So if you take these in pairs these are individually scalars so the combinations all combinations of these ones will form a general isotropic scalar involving the 4 vectors a, b, c and d. So this we can write so let us form that scalar. Let us say that that scalar is equal to a dot b, c dot d some multiplier of that say alpha because a scalar multiplier does not change it is any characteristic. So alpha is just an arbitrary scalar multiplier plus beta into a dot c, b dot d and let us say plus gamma a dot d, b dot c. So we have just made a linear combination of these 3. Our objective is to ensure that we get an isotropic scalar. So now what we will do we will write it in terms of the index notations. So if you write it in terms of the index notations how we are going to write it. So we are going to write it in this way. This is the first term that we are writing.  So there is an invisible summation like this and here also it is like this keep in mind i and k are just dummy indices. So in place of i you could write j in place of this you could write whatever. Similarly let us write the other terms plus now you see that we wanted to get it as an isotropic scalar. What is that special isotropic scalar that we are looking for we are looking for c i j k l into a i b j c k d l. That was the form that we are looking for here in the form you do not have the indices a b c and d as different. So if somehow we can convert this indices a of a b c and d as entirely different like one i another j k and l then we would be able to compare this form with this form that we have for our constitutive relationship.  So how do we do that let us say you want to convert b i to b j that is our objective say because you have a i next you want b j. So you want to convert b i to b j. So there is something very useful in terms of index notation which is called as chronicle delta. So this is given by this is just a notation. So this is defined in this way delta i j such that this is one if i is not equal to j if i is equal to j and 0 if i is not equal to j. So this is just a notation that means if you have only i equal to j this is one otherwise 0. Now let us see let us say we want to write b i delta i j. What is this? See you have to keep in mind that when j is equal to i so rather you may also think it as j equal to i or i equal to j whatever like when they are equal. So think about that only when you have i equal to j then only this is one. So there is only one case when this is equal to one and that is when this i is j right. So this becomes b j because only when i equal to j then these 2 indices are equal that is one otherwise it is 0. So you can see that this is a very simple and elegant way of switching the indices from i to j j to i like that you can play with this. So what we will do? We will use that switching index here. So this b i we will write b j into delta i j. We will keep c k because that is what we want. We want to convert d k to d l. So what we will do? We will have d l into what delta? Delta k l. Similarly let us look into the second term a i. Let us say we keep a i b j is there. We want to change c i to c k. So what will be the transformation? c k into delta i k okay. It is transformation from i to k that is why delta i k. Then we want to change d j to d l. So d l into delta j l. Similarly the third term you have a i you have b j then you want c k. So c j will become c k delta j k and delta j k. d l into delta i l. So if you write in this way see what is our desperate act? The desperate act is we want to write the right hand side just in a form a i b j c k d l okay. So using this simple notation we are able to write it in this way. So let us write that then. So what at the end we can write? We can write that you have now the right hand side which we want to express as say the left hand side as c i j k l into a i b j c k d l. We want to make it an isotropic tensor and the right hand side we have expressed in terms of an isotropic tensor with again you have a i b j c k d l that is like they are common for all terms.  So from here it follows that you should have c i j k l is equal to alpha into delta i j delta k l plus beta delta i k delta j l plus gamma delta i l delta j k where delta i j is defined as above. See with this simple exercise we have come up with a very interesting and advantageous conclusion. What is that? We were we started with 81 independent constants in general to describe the material property. The material property is given by this c i j k l. Now how many constants you have? 3, 3 independent constants alpha beta and gamma because delta i j like these are like you know that either 1 or 0. So we can see that and these are position independent. So these are really constants. If these were position dependent this could be also functions of position. So we can say that for a homogeneous isotropic fluid we are now able to come up with 3 independent constants. We may reduce it even to less because we have not yet exploited the symmetry of tau i j that we have never used. We must have tau i j equal to tau j i that we have seen from angular momentum conservation. So the next step is we use the symmetry that is you have tau i j equal to tau j i. So tau i j is what? tau i j is c i j k l e k l that must be equal to c j i k l e k l. So what it follows is that you must have c i j k l equal to c j i k l. So this must be also equal to c j i k l. So how do you write c j i k l just switch i and j here.  We have just switched i and j. Now you see first of all what is the relationship between delta i j and delta j i? They are the same. Delta is just a symmetric tensor. That means when you require these 2, these 2 get nullified, cancelled. They are the same. For the remaining ones you see delta i k delta j l is this term. One is coming with the coefficient beta in the left hand side. In the right hand side that is coming with the coefficient gamma. That is the only change. And for the other term here, this term is same as like the coefficient of gamma here is same as the coefficient of beta here.  Whatever is there inside the bracket, whatever bracket in general this is not 0. Special cases are there but there are certain terms which will not be 0 when the indices are equal. So this in general for all cases since this is not equal to 0, for all cases if you want to make it satisfied, only thing you must have beta equal to gamma. Because what we understand is that the second term in the bracket in some cases it is 0. It is true but in all cases it is not 0. But we must have a constitutive behavior that should be true for all cases. So now you see now we can write c i j k l is equal to alpha into delta i j delta k l plus beta into delta i k delta j l plus beta into delta i l delta j k. So how many independent material constants we have? Two. Keep in mind that there is a exact analogy with mechanics of solids. If you have a solid material, it is a elastic material then how many independent material constants you require to specify its behavior? Two independent constants, modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio. You can express the rigidity modulus in terms of any of these two. So you require only two independent material constants. Here also it is totally analogous. So you are requiring two independent material constants to specify its behavior. What are those material constants? That will come from the physical understanding of these terms. So when we want the physical understanding of these terms, we will now write the expression for tau i j.  So tau i j is c i j k l into e k l. So we will multiply this with e k l. So when you multiply this with e k l, so you have alpha delta i j. Let us just write it in an expanded form.  Let us now simplify these terms. This simplification is easy. It is quite simple.  Let us erase this part and we will write the simplifications here. So delta k l e k l, say we want to write it. How do you write it? You have to keep in mind that this delta is 1 only when l equal to k. So this you can write as e k k or e l l because in all other cases it is 0. What is this actually? This is again not one term.  So we have a summation basically. So what is e 1 1 plus e 2 2 plus e 3 3? Let us just write it. e 1 1 is, this is just by using definition of e i j. Then e 2 2 and e 3 3, what is this? This is the divergence of the velocity vector. So we can clearly understand that this has something to do with the compressibility of the fluid, volumetric, rate of volumetric strain of the fluid. So the first term we can understand that it should be related to the rate of volumetric strain of the fluid. So tau i j's first term we have come up with. So tau i j is equal to alpha into delta i j into e k k. Then next terms, let us write the next terms. Next terms you see that what are the indices that you play with here? So what are the repeated things? You have k as repeated and l as repeated. So there are special cases of k and l when this term is non-zero. What is that? When k is equal to i and l equal to j because then only these deltas are non-zero. So the next term will be beta into e i j because this i and j should be something for which delta i k and delta j l are non-zero and that is there when i equal to i becomes k or rather k becomes i and l becomes j because you are writing a summation over k and l. You are trying to find out those values of k and l for which this term is not 0 and that is only k equal to i and l equal to j. The next term, so you have here again you see what are the repeated things? You have k and you have l. So again when l equal to i and k equal to j, so plus beta e j i and the rate of deformation is a symmetric term. So that is the answer we have already seen. So e j i is equal to e i j. That means we are able to write tau i j in a form alpha into delta i j into e k k plus 2 beta e i j. Now the question is how physically we may relate these coefficients alpha and beta? To do that we should understand one very important thing that where from the effects of these come. First you have let us say you have beta. So where from the effect of beta is coming? Let us write what is 2 e i j. So what is 2 e i j? You have 2 into e i j is half of this one. So this is considered as very special case of a one dimensional flow which we did at the very beginning when we are discussing about viscosity that you have only one component of flow say u component of velocity other component was not there. We wrote something very loosely from physical understanding that tau equal to mu d u d y. So when you have say one component only u other component say u 1 only you have and say you are thinking about the gradient along y. So j equal to 2 and other term is not there because only one component of velocity is there. Say you can write this as d u 1 d x 2 that is like d u d y. So you are relating that with some tau. Remember this tau is not the total but tau deviatoric which is related to the deformation. So that is related to this through a coefficient and that we have already seen. Therefore in the general notation this beta must be the viscosity of the fluid mu. So see from mathematics we are converging to the physical understanding and this is very very important. Continuum mechanics is a beautiful subject. It can make you agglomerate physics and mathematics very nicely. So this is mu. This constant is not so well known to us till now whatever we have discussed but it is given a general notation of lambda. This is called as second coefficient of viscosity. We will see later on that what is the significance of this physical significance we will see in details but just a name second coefficient of viscosity. Why? Because already you have a viscosity like mu which already is there. So if you want to have a different coefficient but we have to keep in mind that this is related to sort of angular deformation of the fluid and this is related to volumetric deformation of the fluid. At least qualitatively we can understand the significance of these 2 terms. One term is related to the angular deformation. One term is related to the volumetric deformation. What deformation means? Here type of deformation. Now this is the deviatoric stress tensor only but what about the hydrostatic one? So tau ij there is one tau ij hydrostatic because the total tau ij is tau ij hydrostatic plus tau ij deviatoric. So what is tau ij hydrostatic? That is consider a case when the fluid is in static equilibrium and then even there is a stressing condition because of the pressure distribution. So how do we write it in terms of this tau ij? See you have to keep in mind that it is a pressure effect is like a normal force effect. So it is there only when i equal to j because i equal to j gives the normal components. So it should be something which is 0 if i is not equal to j and which should be 1 if i equal to j multiplied with the magnitude of that. So it should be something multiplied with delta ij that is clear because it should not be non-zero if i is not equal to j. What should be the multiplier? That is the corresponding scalar of it. So what is that? That is because of pressure but you have to keep in mind that pressure by default is compressive in nature whereas our positive sign convention for normal stress is tensile. So it should be minus p. So you come up with the final form where what is the tau ij total? That is tau ij hydrostatic plus tau ij deviatoric. So this is tau ij hydrostatic plus tau ij deviatoric. So what is that? So you have lambda. So first let us write the hydrostatic minus p delta ij plus lambda into e k k into delta ij plus 2 mu e ij that is the tau ij. So we have come up with an expression for constitutive behavior. It has what unknowns? What are the unknowns here? See e ij has unknowns as velocities because it is written in terms of gradients of velocities. So you have velocities and you have pressure. So in the equation of equilibrium see what is our objective at the end to solve for the unknowns. So where we have landed up? We have landed up with an expression for this tau ij which is expressed in terms of unknowns as velocities which are already there plus a new unknown has appeared which is pressure. So in the next class we will see that first of all what are the physical significance of different terms? What is the physical significance of lambda? How it is related to mu and then how we can come up with an equation in the final simplified form where we substitute this constitutive behavior of tau ij in this expression that we will take up in the next class. Thank you.


What's up guys Evil Deer here your God and tonight we're going to do a book review the book in question is Taradoku from William old now The reason I'm doing this first in my room is just because it's so late here And I don't want to do it where my normal filming equipment is and my fancy microphone and stuff because I'll wake up the whole goddamn Household and the reason I'm filming so late is not because I'm lazy. No Evil Deer isn't lazy He doesn't just do things out of laziness. Well, maybe he does sometimes but the reason I'm Filming so late is because I just completed the interview with a pretty important Esperanto speaker I'm not really seeing that yet because we're gonna first edited it and all that type of stuffs and make sure everything's fine But in a few days that should be coming out or maybe even tomorrow I don't know so that is really exciting But as a result that went really late and now I have to film in my room like golem type of thing So anyway, yes, we're going to be looking at the book Taradoku now Taradoku is basically a collection of English to Esperanto translation exercises that were ripped directly from the prey from the pages of Labrita Esperantista, which was a magazine. I don't know if it still is maybe some of the British Esperantist here If you guys tell me down in the comments below does Labrita Esperantista still exist But anyway at the time it was edited by William old when this after this book came out Okay, and what he used to do is with each new edition of the magazine He would put a like an English article in there like an extract from an article And it would be I don't know from the news from a book from somewhere It didn't matter it put it in there And then they would have to translate it to Esperanto as Closely as possible so keeping as much nuance as possible keeping as much of the same type of structure as possible Which obviously is quite different to just talking in every day because when you talk every day Esperanto You don't you don't worry about like translating from English to Esperanto You think directly in Esperanto, but when you're translating from any language into another language and you're trying to keep that as much as that original nuance as possible you then have to Really dig down into the meaning of the text to translate it while also trying to keep it as close as possible So this book here, which is purely an Esperanto is Basically a list of all those exercises with their finished Translation and the translations weren't just done by William old who by the way is a freaking legend and Esperantui Oh, the guy even was nominated for a Nobel Prize in literature Not not just because of these Esperanto work But because of everything he did but he is like a legend when it comes to anything written Poetry all that type of stuff because he was just so good If you haven't read la infana harasso go check that out. That's um, that's pretty crazy poem right there I've never finished it to be honest But it's freaking hard to understand even for a really experienced Esperanto's but going off topic So yeah, what I'm gonna do now is I'm gonna flick for a few pages in this book and I'm gonna show you Well, I'm not show you I'm gonna show you a couple of extracts because what's happened is when they come across something That was really difficult to translate and remember this wasn't just him translating It was like the entire Esperanto community at the time working together and translating they Would obviously discuss a particular word and then come at a solution So what I'm gonna do now is just jump straight through and I'm gonna find you some of the ones that I really liked Just straight up. There's nothing in particular. Just I'm gonna pick random ones that I like, okay? Okay, so this is the first one. It was actually in the first exercise and it's a translation of Tempers were short and they've translated this in two possible ways. The first one is Ec-col-er-i-gen-mo and the second one is col-er-em-mo fa-tile-act-a-vig-us I really liked that first one ec-col-er-i-gen-mo and that translates into English as having a tendency to suddenly Become angry that'd be the best way of translating off the top of my head when you look at it in Esperanto It makes complete sense. So I like that one So here's one that I remember even after years later from reading this book and was explaining the difference between a Basically like an adjective ending and an adverb ending when used in a certain context So the word in question here is Angl-a-par-al-anto versus Angl-a-par-al-anto. When you look at that at first Do you think maybe Angl-a-par-al-anto is just a mistake, okay? Because they should be using the adjective. No, no, no. You got to remember, okay? That it's not just a direct translation Angl-a-par-al-anto is a speaker who is English and obviously speaks English Angl-a-par-al-anto is a speaker who speaks in English. So not necessarily an English speaker So for instance, a French speaker can be an Angl-a-par-al-anto if they don't natively speak English and they're not from English Origin, okay? See you can add a little bit of nuance there and I kind of like that one I don't know why I liked it, but I just did maybe because it helped me a little bit with adverbs Okay, so I like this one, okay? This is a translation for fiddling around, okay? To fiddle around and the word that is used is fushulmi I like that because the use of um and also the fact that it uses fushy, which is like to mess up So fiddling around is fushulmi to kind of mess around with type of thing. It's a pretty cool translation I like it. I like anything that uses um. Okay, so this is a pretty cool one Worked myself into a fit worked myself into a rage that phrase worked myself into and the way he's translated it here is Sukhatses turudi almi that is pretty cool Sukhatses turudi almi so I succeeded to Like push upon myself type of thing. It's pretty cool. I liked it Okay, so he's a pretty cool one and you guys might like to use this as a joke every now and then to have his Way with her or him, you know depending on your point of view So the way to translate that would be to do the L. She's Ian in clean on or to do the L. She's Ian Volon I like it because it's so simple and makes sense But in English as it's so messed up, it's have his way with her It's like all these random words mixed together. Okay, this is a good one where you use a totally different word than what you'd expect And what he's got is a working knowledge. Okay, so, you know a working knowledge of this or that the way that he's translated This is That is a good way of showing how to use the adjective practica, okay? So this is a nice English expression.  I'm thinking in a spriner now something that you use in your country take the piss out of is something We always use in Australian English. I don't know about Americans Brits and all you other English speakers But here's how he's translated it. I'm guessing the Brits do because this is William old was a British speaker. Um, so he's got Mokachi and it is in digas. Okay, and also Pugigas That's pretty cool. Pugigas to make it into a butt Okay, so this is this book is awesome for insults. Okay, and like inventive insults So, you know, you can say that person's got bad breath. So you could say put to the speedo Haladza speedo speed up show Odoracha el speedo just goes on and on but I really like haladza speedo I totally forgot about that word haladza. That's an awesome word. I'm gonna start using that more now on Okay, so here's one. I love this the translation for scruffy. Okay, and he's actually got mal eleganta Now obviously he's chosen that one because of context because you could go of many different other decisions But as soon as I read eleganta, it reminded me of this awesome Esperanto song I'm gonna put a link down in the description below you guys got to check it out. I don't know how to pronounce this It's called go to Joss But I think but the song like seriously it is really really well done Totally professional go watch it directly after this video. Okay, so one final one before I close this off Okay, he's translated sex in the city. I'm sure you've all heard about that film You're probably all seen it. I haven't seen it, but he's translated as a moto and la urbega. Okay, and The reason I'm putting this one out is because he's put in here another possible translation is a moto and let's see Vito now the reason I wanted to point that out is because in the Esperanto community There is a group of Esperanto speakers who are called Esperantio or more commonly la Esperanta. See Vito Okay, see Vito is like a city-state type of thing They are a group of Esperanto. So we're trying to actually start a internationally recognized Esperanto Like like landless state basically. Okay, so la Esperanta to Vito When I read that I read a moto and la Esperanta to Vito and I was just imagining like love in this Esperanto state type of thing. So that was pretty funny. I just wanted to point that out to you So that's it. I just wanted to quickly go over a few of the cool words in here There's plenty of insults in here like really well-thought-out insults as well Even though he's not trying to be intentional, but because he's translating from English So that's it if you've liked this video give it a like share it around with your friends Subscribe to my channel if you haven't already and I'll see you in the next video And if you're not there, I'll find you and it will be a moto and via domo And as always I want to thank my patreon supporters because realistically without their help I don't know how long this channel could go for so they are Slavish guy of Robert Nielsen look at JZ knuckles Jalfigoria, Alexander Tollefesson, Coldarm, Tommy Linsley, Shane Power and Sarah SC So thanks a lot guys. You mean the world to me. I want to hug you all


Hey everybody Dave Archie at Atlanta Falcon Radio Network and we continue to look at some of the positions that could affect the Falcons early on in the draft. We're going to start with the offensive line now. Offensive linemen, there are a number of good offensive linemen at the top of this draft but when you start it's at the offensive tackle position. Let's start with Evan Neal the big kid out of Alabama and I say big 6'7, 3'37. This is a guy that can play all over the field. What's the tape of this kid? He looks like a tight end playing tackle.  He's completely rock solid at 337 pounds but he can play all over the field. In fact he even said, hey you can play me anywhere. Just don't play me at center. He didn't want to play center. He can play both tackles, both guards. He's that kind of athlete but he is a power run blocker that has really, really good feet and he does an excellent job with pass blocking so that feet carries over in the run game and in the passing game his ability to move his feet as a big man. Now what is his maybe drawback? He lunges from time to time and when you've got 337 pounds on your 6'7, you get that body weight going forward. Sometimes it can get you in trouble but from a technique standpoint Evan Neal is everything you want in a tackle at this level, probably a left tackle which we know is one of those featured positions. All right, let's go to the second guy and these two guys are right neck and neck. Ekim Aquanu, Aquanu is a guy out of NC State that is a devastating run blocker. If you're looking for a guy that can come off the ball and crush you on the inside or outside, it's Ekwanu. He has a 6'4, 310 pounds, this guy allowed just three sacks and 476 pass attempts so you can see that he can pass protect as well but I think that what jumps off the tape at you when you're watching is just his mass moving downfield in a rapid pace and being able to deliver a blow. He ran 49 in the 40 at 310, he ran a 473 short shuttle that's high in for an offensive lineman so this guy has an amazing ability to shift gears and change speeds for his size. Here's the thing I love about the guy, he has got a nasty streak. This is a guy that likes to finish to the back edge of the whistle. When he puts his hat on you, he wants to drive you into another country. I love that about Ekwanu. Now he struggled against some guys that have a little bit longer arms or taller rushers but again we're splitting hairs here a little bit. I think this guy is a high-end dude that's going to go in the top 10 picks of the NFL draft. All right, Charles Cross, offensive tackle 6-7-3-0-7 out of Mississippi State. This guy might be the most accomplished pass protector in the group. This is a guy that had to protect over a thousand times. Remember, you got that Mike Leach passing offense at Mississippi State. They threw the ball over the yard, crossed it an outstanding job. He allowed just one sack, I'm sorry, just two sacks all year long. 719 attempts with him dropping and protecting but as I said, he's an outstanding pass protector. Only 16 pressures in those 17 and 799 attempts. He's got excellent upper body strength, does an excellent job there. But again, this is a bigger dude that sometimes you get that body extent. When you lean forward, there's going to be some balance issues. You've got to clean that up. And he's susceptible a little bit to a bull rush. You've got to be able to drop his weight and sustain against the bull rush. That can cause you some problems. How about Tyler Lindobom, the outstanding center out of Iowa. I've been touted as maybe the best center that's come out in the last 10 years out of college football. 6'3", 289 out of Iowa. When I say 289, your ears might perk up. Yeah, a little bit undersized at 289. But he makes up for it with tremendous upper body strength and he's a really good athlete, a guy that keeps his low center of gravity and moves his feet extremely well. He is extremely strong. I'm talking about crazy strong. This is a guy that could bench the 225 over 30 times. He could come off the ball and lock on and you're not getting away. So Tyler Lindobom, the center out of Iowa in this group. And then my last guy here is Trevor Penning. Penning is a tackle out of Northern Iowa, 6'7", 335 pounds. This is another guy that's got top-heavy, big dude. If he gets off balance, sometimes he'll tip. But this is a guy that plays with tremendous power when he comes off the ball. His leverage to get under blockers, even though he's 6'7", is a thing to watch. And this guy ran sub 49, 40. So you got a guy at 6'7", 325. His short area of quickness is outstanding. He finishes blocks. And I mean, he's physical, a lot like Aquano. He likes to finish you and drive you into the turf. Now, the wonder is his level of competition. Okay, playing FCS football at Northern Iowa. So did he see the elite level pass rushers? He dominated his level. Where is he going to be when the level steps up a little bit? There are some good players in the top 50 of this draft that can help your offensive line.