A very good evening aspirants. Welcome to Hindu newspaper analysis brought to you by Shankar Ayes Academy for the date 21st of February 2022. Displayed here are the list of articles that we are going to discuss today. The first article here it is an editorial article. It is about the budgetary allocation for the different sub-sectors of agriculture. See these kind of articles they are very important. I will tell you why. See displayed here is the main question that was asked in the year 2013. What does the question say? It says what are all the agricultural subsidies given to farmers at the national and state level and critically analyze the subsidy regime with reference to the distortions created by it. And this is exactly why I told you these kind of articles are important. See the different statistics and the schemes that we are going to see under this article discussion will help you enrich your mains answer. So pay close attention. Now moving on to the next article. It is about the Indus Water Treaty Commission's annual meet. See under this treaty the commission is required to meet at least once a year alternatively in India and Pakistan. So under this article discussion we are going to see Indus Water Treaty who are all the signatories and some of the provisions of the treaty. See this article is also important because a mains question has been asked in the year 2016 related to it. The question is present an account on Indus Water Treaty and examine its political, ecological, economic implications in the context of changing bilateral relations. So the first two articles they are very important. I am not saying the other articles are not important. I am just saying these two are very important and it comes to mains. So pay close attention to these two article discussions and moving on to the third article. It is about the synthetic biology. See under this article discussion we are going to see what is synthetic biology and the implications of it and we are going to end the discussion by seeing some of the pros and cons of synthetic biology. And the final article here it's quite a fascinating one of all the articles that we have taken today. See it is a pest management strategy. The article is about pheromone application technology. See what they are doing here is they are mimicking the female oops it's a spoiler alert. I don't want to break it to you now wait until you see what it is. So that's all about the brief of the articles given here. Without any delay let's get into our article discussion. Look at this editorial article. This article talks about the budgetary allocation to agriculture. See we know that our economy has not fully recovered from the covid induced lockdown. Covid induced lockdown has resulted in the decline of consumption expenditure. So everyone expected that the government in the budget would take measures to boost the consumption. But our government had other ideas. Instead of focusing on measures to increase the consumption expenditure the government gave more focus on capital expenditure. The next big surprise was that with the recent farm protest everyone expected that there would be some big ticket announcement in the farm sector. But this did not happen. There were no major announcements on agriculture or rural development. However the author of this editorial is of opinion that this move of the government is indeed a good thing. He says that though there was no big ticket announcements on agriculture and rural development the allocations made by the government appear to be in the right direction. He goes on to give various statistics to support this idea. And this is the cracks of the editorial given here. In this context we are going to discuss the budgetary allocation to the farm sector and the implications of it. But before that the syllabus regarding to this discussion is highlighted here for your reference please go through it. Now let us start our discussion. See while various sectors performed poorly during the pandemic agriculture was an exception. Agriculture grew at the rate of 4.3 percentage and 3.6 percentage during 2019 to 2020 and 2020 to 2021. For the year 2021 to 2022 agriculture is expected to grow at the rate of 3.9 percentage. And this is a pretty decent performance. Now look at this graph from economic survey 2021 to 2022. See here in the graph in the year 2020 to 2021 the share of agriculture to the total GDP reached 20.2 percentage and this was the highest in the last 17 years. And the author of this editorial is of opinion that due to the good performance of the agriculture sector the government in its budget did not offer extra focus to it. See within agriculture livestock and fisheries are the two sub sectors that have shown an average annual growth rate of 8 percentage or more in the last five years. These two sub sectors roughly contribute about 33 percentage of the gross value added in agriculture. So according to the author of the editorial livestock and fisheries are important to achieve growth and increase the farmers income. So the government provided ample allocation towards livestock and fisheries. Now let us see the various schemes relating to livestock and fisheries where the government has made increased allocation. First is livestock health and disease control. Here the budgetary allocation has increased from 886 crore to 2000 crore. See this is a 126 percentage increase. The next one is National Livestock Mission. See this scheme is implemented by the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dayreen. The scheme aims at employment generation, entrepreneurship development and increase in per animal productivity. The mission also aims to develop back and forward linkages to create a link between the unorganized sector and the organized sector. The mission has also received an increased budgetary allocation of 100 crore which is a 42 percentage increase from the last year. The next one we are going to see is Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampadayojna. See the Department of Fisheries under the Ministry of Fisheries Animal Husbandry and Dayreen is the implementing agency. This scheme aims to bring about ecologically healthy, economically viable and socially inclusive development to the fisheries sector in India. This scheme also received an increased allocation of 679 crore and this is a 57 percentage increase from the last year. See in case of production linked incentive schemes for food processing, the scheme that aims to create global food manufacturing champions in India and to create off-farm employment opportunities, the budgetary allocation increased from 10 crore last year to 1022 crore this year and this is a 10,000 percentage increase in the allocation. Can you believe this? This shows that the government's commitment to increase the off-farm employment opportunities and making value addition in agricultural products a priority. See in addition to this for the micro food processing sector that includes enterprises such as pickle and jaggery making there is a 900 crore additional allocation compared to the last year. We know that the main focus of this budget is towards capital expenditure right. Budgetary allocation towards capital expenditure in agriculture also received increased allocation. Take Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana for example. The scheme was launched in the year 2007 which was later rebranded as remunerative approaches for agriculture and elite sector rejuvenation. Raftar. See the main objective of the scheme which is under the ministry of agriculture and farmer welfare is to incentivize the states to increase their investment in agriculture and elite sectors. The scheme also aims to provide flexibility and autonomy to the states in planning and executing programs for agriculture. See the scheme also gave a push to decentralized planning in the agricultural sector through the initiation of state agricultural plan and district agricultural plants. And now we'll see the budgetary allocation. The allocation for this scheme increased by 8000 crore compared to last year. This is a 400 percentage increase in allocation. In addition to this note here that Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana the scheme that focuses on improving the farm productivity and the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana which is the scheme that focuses on increasing soil fertility and organic farm practices have been brought under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana. This increased allocation will help create infrastructure in the agricultural sector by the states based on the states requirement. See in addition to the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana that focuses on agricultural infrastructure the allocation to the agriculture infrastructure fund that is the AIF has been increased by 150 percentage that is 500 crore. See this fund aims at creating post harvest management infrastructure and community forming assets through incentives and financial support. Finally the central sector scheme that is the formation and promotion of 10,000 new farmer producer organizations received an allocation of 500 crore. Note that this is a 100 percentage increase compared to the last year. See till now we saw various areas where there was an extra focus by the government that is these are the areas that received increased budgetary allocations. Now let us see the areas that received reduced budgetary allocation. The first is Pradhan Mantri Anadattai Sandrakshan Abhyan that is PM Asha. See this PM Asha is an umbrella scheme aimed at ensuring remunerative prices to the farmers for their produce. The three components of the PM Asha includes the price support scheme, price deficiency payment scheme and the pilot of private procurement and stock list scheme that is the PSS, PDPS and PPPPS. These are the three components. This is a flagship scheme aimed at providing enhanced minimum support price. See the scheme that is the PM Asha received a total budgetary allocation of just 1 crore. But the author of the editorial he is of opinion that such a low allocation might be because while repealing the form laws our Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi announced that a committee would be formed to address the MSP issue. So the author says that the government might be waiting for the committee to be formed and its recommendations to be received before providing budgetary support to the output price support scheme like PM Asha. In addition to PM Asha other output price support schemes also received declined budgetary allocation. The allocation for the price support program of pulses and oil seeds has reduced by 58 percentage that is 1500 crore. Next the allocation for price stabilization fund meant to address the extreme volatility in the prices of perishables has also declined by 750 crore that is 33 percentage. See the budgetary allocation for fertilizer subsidy and food subsidy received a huge decline. In case of food subsidy the budget estimate shows a decline of 79,000 crore. This is a 28 percentage decline. Next in the case of fertilizer subsidy there was a decline of 35,000 crore which is 25 percentage decline. Finally there is a decreased allocation to Mahatma Gandhi national rural employment guarantee scheme. The allocation to MNREGA declined by 25,000 crore. This is a 25 percentage decline. See we all know the crucial role played by MNREGA in addressing the rural distress following the COVID induced lockdowns. But the author is of view that the decreased allocation to a MNREGA might be due to the decrease in severity in the pandemic. With the COVID receding and the agriculture posting a robust growth the need for MNREGA has declined and this may be the reason for decreased allocation in budget also. By this budgetary allocation we can clearly say that in this year's budget that is in 2022-23 budget more importance has been provided to agriculture sub sectors like livestock fisheries and food processing and also on improving infrastructure in the crop sector. In addition to this government recently has been focusing on technology adoption in agriculture. The recent announcement to promote Kisan drones and encourage startups to improve value chains of farm produce are welcome steps. The focus on technology and agriculture will break the image of agriculture being a laborious and drudgery laden sector. This coupled with increase in income from agriculture sector will also push the youth to consider agriculture as a career option. Finally the author concludes by saying that all the steps taken in the budget are steps in the right direction for the agriculture sector. But the implementation is the key here. Only with proper implementation the benefit from the policy change can be properly achieved. And with this we have come to the end of our discussion. Let's have a quick recap. What all we saw? We saw about the performance of agriculture sector during the pandemic which is it grew at the rate of 4.3 percentage during 2019 to 2020 and it grew at a rate of 3.6 percentage during 2020 to 2021. And we saw a graph from economic survey which shows that in the year 2020 to 2021 the share of agriculture to the total GDP has reached a percentage of 20.2 which is the highest in the last 17 years. And after that we saw about the sub-sectors of the agriculture which is the livestock and fisheries and we saw that the average annual growth rate of these sub-sectors is 8 percentage or more in the last five years. And after that we moved on to see about the various schemes relating to the livestock and fisheries where the government has increased the allocation in the budget. Under this firstly we saw about the livestock health and disease control which received a 126 percentage increase in budgetary allocation. And after that we saw about national livestock mission which received a 42 percentage increase. And after that we saw about the Pradhan Mandri Matsya Sampada Yojana Department of Fisheries which received 57 percentage more allocation than the last year. And after that we saw some production incentive schemes for food processing and the micro food processing sector that includes enterprises such as Pickle and Jaggery making. And after that we saw about the last year Krishi Vikas Yojana and Pradhan Mandri Krishi Sinsahi Yojana and Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana. And they received a 400 percentage increase in the budgetary allocation. And after that we saw about the central sector scheme which is the formation and promotion of 10,000 new farmer producer organizations which received a 100 percentage increase compared to the last year. And after this we moved on to see about the areas which received reduced budgetary allocation. One such area is PM Asha which aims at ensuring remunerative prices to the farmers for their produce. And after that reduced budgetary allocation was seen in fertilizer subsidy and food subsidy. And after that we saw that there was decreased allocation to Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme. And finally we ended our discussion by seeing the importance given to agricultural sub sectors like livestock and fisheries, food processing in the budget and also on improving infrastructure in the crop sector. See the government recently has been focusing on technology adoption in agriculture also. We saw that this will break the image of agriculture being a laborer sector and it will give the push to youth to consider agriculture as a career option also. With these points in mind let's move on to the next article discussion. See this news article here it talks about the annual meeting of permanent Indus commission. See at this meeting a 10 member Indian delegates will visit Pakistan from March 1 to 3. Also for the first time since the beginning of the Indus Water Treaty three women officers will be a part of the Indian delegation. So this is the crux of the article given here in this context let us learn about the Indus Water Treaty, its provisions and its issues. Before that the syllabus relevant to the article is given here for your reference please go through it. See at the time of independence the boundary line between the two newly created independent countries that is the Nanadadan Pakistan and India was drawn right across the Indus basin and here note that Pakistan is the lower riparian state. See riparian state is nothing but state located alongside of a river or water body and I will tell you what lower riparian is. See Indus River flows through India and it enters Pakistan. So here India is the upper riparian state and Pakistan is the lower riparian state. I'll give you another example. Take the case of river Brahmabutra. Here the Brahmabutra river flows through China and after that it enters India. Here China is the upper riparian state the state located alongside of the Brahmabutra river which is in the upper zone and India is the lower riparian state. I hope you understand. So here Pakistan is the lower riparian state with regards to Indus River and because of that a dispute arose between two countries regarding the utilization of irrigation water from existing facilities. See the negotiations were held under the offices of International Bank for Reconstruction and Development that is the World Bank. This as a result of this Indus Water Treaty was signed in the year 1960. The treaty was signed at Karachi by Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan then President of Pakistan and Sri Javahallal Neeru then Indian Prime Minister and Mr. W. A. B. Illif of the World Bank on 19th September 1960. The treaty however is effective from 1st April 1960. Now that we have seen a brief about the treaty let us move on to see some important provisions of the treaty. See the Indus system of rivers comprises of main stem of Indus River along with its five left bank tributaries namely the Ravi, the Bias, the Sattelaj, the Zilim and the Chenab rivers and also a right bank tributary namely the Kabul which does not flow through India. See the Ravi, the Bias and the Sattelaj are together called as Eastern Rivers while the Chenab, the Zilim and the Indus Main are called as Western Rivers. Firstly the treaty provides India an absolute control of all the waters of the eastern rivers while Pakistan shall receive for unrestricted use of all waters of western rivers which India is under obligation to let flow beyond the permitted uses. So what is that permitted uses we'll see it now. See India is permitted to use the waters of western rivers for domestic use, non-consumptive use, agricultural use, generation of hydro electric power. Secondly India is also permitted to constrict storage of water on western rivers up to 3.6 million acre feet for various purposes as specified in the treaty. Thirdly both India and Pakistan undertook to establish a permanent post of commissioner for the Indus waters. The two commissioners constitute the permanent Indus commission. Each commissioner will be the representative of her government for all matters arising out of this treaty. Now let us see the functions and purposes of the commission. The first one is to establish and promote cooperative arrangements for the treaty implementation. The second one is furnishing or exchange of information or data provided for in the treaty and to promote cooperation between the parties in the development of the waters of Indus system. And the third one is to examine and resolve by agreement any question that may arise between the parties concerning interpretation or implementation of the treaty. See the commission is required to meet regularly at least once a year alternatively in India and Pakistan and also when requested by either commissioner. The commission is also required to undertake tools of inspection of the rivers and works for ascertaining the facts connected with various developments on the rivers. To enable Pakistan to satisfy itself that India's planned projects are within the treaty provisions India is required to communicate to Pakistan in writing their information specified in the treaty. And after this Pakistan can raise objections within three months of the receipt of the information which are then resolved under Article 9. So what is this Article 9 of the treaty deals with? It deals with the settlement of differences and disputes. If the commission is unable to resolve a specific problem provisions have been made for reference to a neutral expert and a court of arbitration. Also note that Article 12 of the treaty provides for the provisions of the treaty to continue enforce until terminated by a duly ratified treaty between the two governments that is the Pakistan government and the Indian government. See numerous disputes were peacefully settled over the years through the Permanent Indus Commission. In a significant challenge to the treaty in 2017 India completed the building of Kishan Ganga Dam in Kashmir. Also India continued work on the rattle hydroelectric power station on the Chenab river. See this is despite Pakistan's objections and ongoing negotiations with the World Bank over whether the designs of those projects violated the terms of the treaty or not. A joint venture company is Incorporated and this is for the implementation of 850 megawatt rattle hydroelectric project. See these are some of the issues that are between India and Pakistan over the Indus Water Treaty and several such disputes or issues were peacefully settled over the years through the Indus Commission and that's all about the article and with this we have come to the end of our discussion. Now let's have a quick recap. What all we saw? We saw a brief about the Indus Water Treaty and we saw the signing parties between the two governments that is the Pakistan and India and after that we moved on to see the important provisions of the treaty which includes division of Indus river and its tributaries into western and eastern rivers. The eastern rivers include the Ravi, the Biaz and the Satellites. The western rivers include the Channab, the Zeelam and the Indus Main and we saw that India has an absolute control over the eastern rivers and Pakistan has control over western rivers and India has permitted to use the western rivers for domestic use, non-consumptive use, agricultural use and generation of hydroelectric power and India has permitted to even constrict storage of water on western rivers up to 3.6 million acre feet for various purposes specified in the treaty. And under the treaty, India and Pakistan undertook to establish a permanent post of Commissioner for Indus Waters and after that we saw some of the purpose and functions of the commission which is to establish and promote cooperative agreements, furnish or exchange information, promote cooperation between the parties in the development of waters, examine and resolve by agreement any question that may arise between the parties and after that we saw that the commission is required to meet regularly at least once a year alternatively in India and Pakistan and it is also required to undertake twos of inspection and we also saw that India is required to communicate to Pakistan about the planned projects and the Pakistan can raise objections within three months and we also saw that Article 9 deals with the settlements of differences and disputes and if the commission is unable to resolve a specific problem the references are made to a neutral expert and a court of arbitration and finally we saw some of the issues that were settled between India and Pakistan through the permanent Indus Commission. With these key takeaway points let's move on to the next article discussion. See this article here it says that the center is working on a national policy on synthetic biology which is an emerging science that deals with engineering life forms for a wide range of applications from making designer medicines to foods. See the article also says that as a part of 12th fire plan India had set up a task force on systems biology and synthetic biology research in the year 2011 and this body underlined the potential benefits from synthetic biotechnology in biofuels, bioremediation, biosensors, health and food. Also the task force made a strong case for a push for the technology and highlighted that India could serve as a world leader and as a protector and supporter of open source biological platforms. See the article also says that synthetic biology is seen as one of the top 10 breakthrough technologies as a part of the new industrial revolution that are most likely to change the world. So this is the cracks of the article given here in this context let us learn about synthetic biology what does it mean by that and the pros and cons of it. First of all let us see about synthetic biology. See the synthetic biology is a field of science that involves redesigning the organisms for useful purposes by engineering them to have new abilities. Synthetic biology researchers and companies around the world are harnessing the power of nature to solve problems in medicine, manufacturing and agriculture. See we understood that through synthetic biology organisms are redesigned to have new abilities but why why do they have to be redesigned at all in the first place. Don't worry now we'll see that aspect. See synthetic biology involves redesigning organisms so that they produce a substance such as a medicine or fuel or gain a new ability such as sensing something in the environment and know that these are the common goals of synthetic biology projects. Now we'll see some examples of what the scientists are producing with synthetic biology. The first one is microorganisms are harnessed for bioremediation that is to clean pollutants from the contaminated water, soil and air. The next one is rice is modified to produce the beta-carotene which is a nutrient usually associated with the carrots and also know that it prevents vitamin A deficiency. See this change that is brought in rice is really significant because vitamin A deficiency causes blindness in at least 2,50,000 to 5,000,000 children every year and greatly increases a child's risk of death from infectious diseases. Now we'll move on to the third example. See east is engineered to produce rose oil as an eco-friendly and sustainable substitute for real roses that the perfumers use to make luxury scent. So these are some of the examples of the synthetic biology now we will get this doubt what is that doubt whether this is similar to genome editing or not. See in some ways synthetic biology is similar to genome editing this is because both involve changing an organism's genetic code however the distinction is drawn between these two approaches based on how the change is made. In synthetic biology scientists typically stitch together long stretches of DNA and insert them into an organism's genome. These synthesized pieces of DNA could be genes that are found in other organisms or they could be even entirely novel that is entirely new. In genome editing scientists typically use tools to make smaller changes to the organism's own DNA such as deleting or adding small stretches of DNA in the genome. So this is the fundamental difference between the genome editing and the synthetic biology. Now we'll see the extent to which synthetic biology can be used. Do you think researchers can synthesize an organism's entire genome? The answer to this question is yes and what's more interesting is it has already been done. In the year 2002 scientists in the United States synthesized a viral genome for the first time. Viral genomes are much smaller compared to the genomes of most bacteria and microorganisms. Scientists showed that it was possible to create the polio virus from scratch. See this is a significant work in the field of scientific research and from this you can imagine the extent of the applications of synthetic biology. But also know that it is feared that synthetic biology could be used to develop biological weapons. Now that we have a basic understanding of what synthetic biology is, let us move on to see about the pros of synthetic biology. See synthetic biology has the potential to revolutionize a number of fields including medicine and energy production. See it can be used to detect and remove impurities from the air water which could eradicate a number of health problems. poorer countries could benefit from the advancements of synthetic biology by having fresher water to drink and food with more protein. See synthetic biology can also contribute in the farming industry by modifying crops to grow faster and healthier. Apart from these, synthetic biology applications could also be applied to diagnose and monitor diseases in humans and animals and even develop new drugs and vaccines that would be more effective. See we all know cancer is a disease that occurs within the cells of our body so it is possible that the cure for it lies within the synthetic biology. See synthetic biology can also be applied to find alternatives to fuels such as biofuels and these are some of the uses or applications of synthetic biology which can be termed as pros. Now let us see about the cons. Since it is all about manipulating or creating DNA, a little error can create the monstrous thing. Apart from this there are other projects that might seem perfect to work on with synthetic biology but in reality it can cause harm. An example of this is revive and restore. This involves bringing extinct species back to life. The idea of having the rarest and extinct species alive again sounds fascinating. However it would be harmful in many aspects. See synthetic biology is also said to be wrong since it can be used in very harmful ways. This includes creating drugs, weapons and construction on microorganisms that are lethal to human beings. Finally it leads to many questions such as are humans crossing moral boundaries by redesigning organisms with synthetic biological techniques or if synthetic biology yields new treatments and cure for diseases who in our society will have access to them and what are the environmental impacts of introducing modified organisms into the ecosystem. These are some of the questions that arise regarding the implications of synthetic biology and the worrying factor is that there are no answer to these questions yet. See according to the article synthetic biology is seen as a part of new industrial revolution and this makes it important for the international community to regulate both the benefits and the risks of synthetic biology. In India parliament is yet to clear the biotechnology regulatory authority of India Bill 2013. See the bill had provided for the creation of an independent regulator to adjudicate research around genetic engineering which could have included synthetic biology also. See it is imperative to have a regulatory framework to balance the anticipated benefits while guarding against the potential risks of synthetic biology. With this we have come to the end of our discussion now we'll have a quick recap. What all we saw we saw about synthetic biology which is a field of science that involves redesigning organisms for useful purposes by engineering them to have new abilities and after that we saw the redesigned organisms they produce a substance such as a medicine or a fuel or gain a new ability such as sensing something in the environment and after that we saw some examples which includes microorganisms harnessed for bioremediation, rice modified to produce beta carotene and yeast engineered to produce rose oil and after that we moved on to see the distinction between genome editing and synthetic biology which is in synthetic biology scientists typically stitch together long stretches of DNA and these synthesized piece of DNA could be genes of other organisms or they could be entirely new. But in genome editing scientists use tools to make smaller changes to the organism's own DNA such as deleting or adding small stretches of DNA and after that we saw about the pros of the synthetic biology which is it can revolutionize the fields of medicine energy production and it can be used to detect and remove impurities from air and water and the poor countries can benefit by having fresher water to drink and food with more protein and we saw that synthetic biology can contribute in the farming industry by modifying crops and we saw that it can be used to diagnose and monitor diseases in humans and animals and after that we saw that it can be applied to find alternatives to fuels such as the biofuels after we finished seeing the pros we moved on to see about the cons of the synthetic biology which is a little error can create disastrous things because it involves manipulating or creating new DNAs right and after that we saw that the adverse effects of bringing the rarest and extant species alive again and after that we saw that it includes creating drugs weapons and construction on microorganisms that are lethal to human beings and we ended our discussion by seeing the importance of a regulatory framework to balance the anticipated benefits of synthetic biology while guarding against the potential risks related to it with these key takeaway points let's move on to the next article discussion look at this news article here this article talks about pheromone application technology the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology IICT Hyderabad in association with National Rise Research Institute NRRI in Kuttec, Odisha has successfully implemented the pheromone technology in Odisha this was done to protect crops like maize, ground net, cooker bits and coal crops like cabbage, cauliflower and vegetables like brinjal and tomato in this context let us learn about the pheromone application technology its pros and cons now let us start our discussion so what is this pheromone application technology see basically this technology is a pest management strategy look at this image here this is a pheromone trap we know that pheromones or biochemicals that insects release to attract mates of opposite six so a pheromone trap is basically a cone shaped plastic bag containing pheromones these traps are mostly placed on the corner of the fields the pheromones used here are female sex hormone mimicking scent prepared in the lab the male pests are attracted to the scent that mimics the natural pheromones as insects communicate through smell the male pests get attracted only to get trapped in the bags once trapped they can't go out of the bag and they get killed this stops the natural mating process and the reproduction of the next generation of pests so this is what this pheromone application technology is with this now let us see the pros and cons of the technology see this technology helps farmers avoid the use of chemical insecticides which are harmful to crops soil health and environment at large and they help to avoid health issues faced by the farmers because of being continuously in contact with the chemicals so using this technology the usage of pesticides has been reduced by 50 to 60 percentage in cabbage cauliflower brinjal tomato cooker bits and ground nuts thus reducing expenditure on pesticides for farmers the reduction in expenditure on pesticide will help double the farmers income see the pheromones attract only a particular type of insect so only one pest can be targeted and eliminated this prevents the killing of insects that are friendly to farmers unlike the conventional chemical insecticides which kills even the useful ones and finally this technology helps increase the quality of the produce this will also help increase the crop yield and due to this advantages the Odisha government under the Rashtriya Krishivikas Yojana has sanctioned a project to NRRI for promoting pheromone traps to manage fall army warm and other pests so having seen the advantages now let us see some disadvantages associated with this technology firstly this technology cannot stop the crop damage due to caterpillars and larvae next it requires proper training to achieve effective use of this technology proper training is required which is time consuming and the next one is it can target only one pest so again other chemicals have to be used to control other pests in order to protect the crops right so this increases the expenditure and finally for the effective pest control a large number of traps has to be set up which is a very difficult process and with this we have come to the end of our discussion let's have a quick recap what all we saw we saw about the pheromone application technology which is a pest management strategy in this female sex hormone mimicking scent prepared in the lab are used to attract the male pests which will be trapped in the bags afterwards so this stops the natural mating process and the reproduction of the next generation of pests and after that we moved on to see the pros and cons of the technology the pros include it helps to avoid the use of chemical insecticides which are harmful to crop soil health and environment and it helps to avoid health issues faced by the farmers and because of this technology the use of pesticides has been reduced by 50 to 60 percentage which results in reduction in expenditure and in turn will help double the farmers income and we saw that this technology prevents the killing of insects that are friendly to farmers unlike the conventional chemical insecticides and after that we saw that the technology helps increase the quality of the produce and increase the crop yield and finally we saw some disadvantages which includes it cannot stop the crop damage due to caterpillars it requires proper training which is time consuming and it can target only one pest so again other chemicals have to be purchased to protect the crops which increases the cost and finally we saw that for the effective pest control a number of traps has to be set up which is a difficult process and with these key points in mind let's move on to the next part of our discussion which is the practice prelims questions see we have three prelims questions today the first question is a quiz question for you and I'll solve the remaining two questions let us see what the first question is consider the following statements with reference to Indus Water Treaty statement one it is signed between India and China statement two India has full control over the waters of western rivers and statement three under this treaty permanent Indus commission is set up so which of the following statements given above is or are incorrect so be careful while answering the question because the question has asked us to identify the incorrect statements so this is the quiz question for you try to solve this question and post your answer in the comment section moving on to the second question consider the following statements with reference to synthetic biology statement one it involves redesigning organisms for useful purposes by engineering them to have new abilities the statement is correct because we saw this in our discussion and this is the definition of synthetic biology moving on to the second statement it can be used to detect remove impurities from the air water and soil see try to recall our discussion we saw many uses or applications of synthetic biology one of them is it can be used to detect and remove impurities from air water which could eradicate a number of health problems and it has numerous applications in other fields also so going by this statement two here is also correct so the correct option here will be option C both one and two moving on to the third question here consider the following statements with reference to fall army worms statement one fall army worm is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa the statement is incorrect because fall army worm is native to tropical and subtropical regions of America moving on to the second statement fall army worm attacks a variety of crops that include maize, rice, surgam, sugarcane, cotton, apples and oranges see fall army worm is nothing but the larval stage of moth it is regarded as a pest and can damage and destroy a wide variety of crops which causes large economic damage see the first stage of a caterpillars life require very little food but the later stages require about 50 times more food because of this rapid change in food consumption the presence of larvay will not be noticed until they have destroyed almost everything in as little period as a night this makes the fall army worm very dangerous pest and it affects various economically important crops like maize, rice, surgam, cotton, apples and oranges so going by this statement two here is correct so what has the question asked the question asked is to find out the incorrect statements so what is the incorrect statement here statement one so the correct option here will be option a one only I've given a main question for your practice so interested aspirants write it and post it in the comment section if you have any queries related to the articles that we discussed today post that also in the comment section and with this we have come to the end of our discussion if you find the video useful like share and comment and do subscribe to Shankar Iyer's Academy's YouTube channel for further updates thank you


from the previous speaker for good and for worse. I'm going to talk about sustainability issues from a perspective of having founded a service 10 years ago and being away from that for the last, for a couple of years, but since January 1st came back not to Lund University where I were before, but as Managing Director of Open Access Journals. Very brief, I only have 10 minutes. It was founded 10 years ago at Lund University with 300 journals. Initially it was supported by minor project grants from Spark US and Open Society Institute. As a matter of fact, DOAJ has never received any in-kind contribution from Lund University. It has always been self-sustained and even has paid overhead to the university for the contributions that has been given during the years. There's been additional grants from other organizations like Spark Europe, ENAS, and the Swedish National Library Open Access Program, openaccess.se, but three years after the launch of the service we introduced a funding program based on institutional memberships and sponsoring. The situation in 2010, seven years after, was that the open access environment has changed radically. Open access has got momentum and for a single university it became difficult to manage. Manage this growing service and manage the increasing demands from the community, from funders and libraries and researchers. So there was a growing backlog. Therefore, we initiated discussions with Lund University, that was after I left, provided by a company we set up, not-for-profit company registered in the United Kingdom, founded by two familiar faces, for some of you at least here, Caroline Sutton, who was founder of Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association and Alma Sworn, a rather well-known open access advocate and my present colleague as director of Spark Europe, and myself. We set up this company which enabled us to get the rights from Lund University to continue this service. We got the rights to the brand and the domain and so forth. So we took over January 1st and initially launched many improvements to the service itself and as you can see from the latest numbers, it has grown to nearly 10,000 journals and as well more than 1.5 million article-level metadata records. What we have done since January 1st, we have streamlined the back office processes in terms of adding journals. So we have nearly doubled the speed, but I should say here related to the latest article in Science about open access journals, as it were. We have, during the last three months, actually removed as many titles as we have added. So coming closer to the funding, to the sustainability issue, here you have a slide telling about the resources that we use for staffing five part-time equivalent to three full-time equivalents. We have outsourced the maintenance and development to a Danish software company and we are working from Copenhagen, Malmö and Stockholm. Our current funding model is that we have memberships from academic libraries paying 400 pounds a year. We have about 100 of universities who are supporting us that way. We have a dozen or so library consortia paying 4,000 pounds a year and we have some commercial aggregators like subscription agents, discovery service providers as well paying 5,000 pounds a year and then we have sponsors, mainly open access journal publishers who are paying between 1,500 to 10,000 pounds a year and we have recently set up a donations facility using PayPal and there are small amounts coming in there. Expected turnover for this year is 200,000 pounds and the contributions from the community library and library consortia is two-third. Commercial aggregators 10% and sponsors, mainly the open access publishers, 25%. So far this funding model works more or less. We still have a backlog to fight but we can see during the years that the environment has changed. We have now drafted much more tighter criteria for inclusion in the DOA day. We are going to facilitate uptake of persistent identifiers for smaller open access journals and we are trying to facilitate archiving solutions and we'll try to facilitate contributions from the community, associate editors who should help us. The criteria we are launching is much more detailed, much more tight. They will allow publishers, they will allow funders and universities to determine much better whether a journal lives up to standards, enable the community to monitor compliance, addressing the issue of fake publishers and we will promote best purchase by means of the DOA day seal. I don't have time to go deeper in the criteria and that's not the purpose of this presentation but we'll address quality and openness and the delivery and the publishers will have to do much more to be included. This is a graph of the long tail of small open access publishers. We have rather few open access publishers with hundreds of journals but we have thousands of open access publishers with one or two journals and that's why we think we have to engage in assisting those journals, coming into the mainstream by, for instance, providing DOIs, fixing the archiving problem which means that our ambition is to grow into much more than a list and a hop for article-level major data. It's our mission as we see it not to point out fake publishers but to assist open access publishers to come into the mainstream and that requires work and that requires funding. Based on our calculations we will probably have to increase the funding for next year with about 50%. I think still this is possible but we of course would like as well to become part of what could be called an open access infrastructure package but while this work is going on and it is slowly starting, we will have to continue and develop the current funding while we are waiting for this to happen. So that was very brief about our sustainability issues. It is a struggle to getting libraries, universities and others to pay for a thing that everyone else gets for free but maybe have something to learn from Greece. Thank you. Questions at the end when all five experts.


Bryce, rhaid i'n siŵr i Bradford City. Wrth ble ydych chi'n? Anodd yw meddwl am bryd dda i ddim. Rhaid i'n meddwl am fyddo i'w gyfin pan rannu. Rhaid i'n meddwl yn meddwl am fudd i ddim. Rhaid i'n cael y cyfrifiadau? Rhaid i'n comwello'n gondol arwyddiad yr aelodol? Rhaid i'n cael y mynd fydd o ddweud yma. Rhaid i'n gwybod arddangos y llai mawr. Rhaid i'n hynny'n addill pan fydd Moririo bobl. Ac rydw i bod hwn yn hwnnw lle wneud bod gwneud hyn. A'r rhaglau sy'n dwi'n gwybod ar y dŵr, rydw i'n ei fod yn ei adeilu ar gyfer a'n fynd o gyda i'r gweithio ac rydw i'n gweithio ar fylos gyda'i gweithio ar gyfer a oedd eich ndill ydych yn ei ysgrifafol a gyd-fyniad yw'r gweithau ar gyfer a'i gyd-fyniad. Ac ers gyd-fyniad hefyd, at ryw beth drwy i'n meddwl hefyd, I told him, yeah try and get it done if you can. I thought it would be a great opportunity to come here, play some football, so just glad to be here. We know you're a defender, playing a couple of different positions. What are you looking to bring to the team in that sense? Yeah, at least I've played a few different positions. I think my best position is sort of as a fullback or as a wingback. I think my best attribute is probably my pace. I can get up and down, got a lot of energy. So, hopefully I can add not just to the defence but to the attack as well. A few get crosses in, overlaps, underlaps and hopefully just help the team in that way. I believe you won the captain's armband as well on a few occasions for Leeds under 23. Is leadership a big part of your kind of game? Yeah, I was what sort of last year this year. I was one of the older members and it was something new for me because I didn't actually come up through the Leeds Academy. I got signed from Palace so it was a good experience for me and it was something new that I had to take on more responsibility in terms of helping out some of the younger lads. I think here now I'll be one of the younger lads again which will be good but it was only helpful for me so I could only have helped me going forward. What did you make of the club so far?  It's a massive stadium, really good. If you think of the club being in league 2 it's definitely not a league 2 stadium, it's huge. So in terms of the stadium it's brilliant and then the club in general is just a massive club. I know the fan base is huge so I'm just delighted to get it done. Y gaffer has spoken a little bit already this season about having experience in the side. He wants young and hungry players who are upcoming and have a point to prove as well. Do you think you've maybe fit into that category as well? Yeah, definitely the way that the gaffer has said that he wants to play I feel was one of the defining factors in me trying to come here. I feel like it really suits me so hopefully I can just add to the team. Obviously you say, I know there's a few other young players but there's also some older players so I feel like there's a good mix so hopefully it'll be a good pair. How encouraging is that when you look at the amount of youth that we have in the squad at the moment, there's obviously a party icon who you know from Leeds and a few of the other first year professionals here as well. Do you see it as an opportunity to break in and make an MP also? Yeah, I spoke to Pordi before when I heard the interest was serious and I asked him and he only had positive things to say about the club which he gave them a glowing reference and he said that the guys are great and the manager is good as well. So I felt after what he told me it would be a good opportunity and like you say about the young players it's good that the manager wants to give young players a chance and hopefully I'm not going to take it for granted that I'll get one. Hopefully if I work hard I can get one as well. Having spoken to the gaffer do you feel bought into what we're trying to achieve do you know aware of the demands that are going to be placed upon you as part of this club this season? Yeah I think not just on me I think the demands of the club is a massive club I think it's probably too big for the league that it's in so the demands on everyone is huge but I feel like I've come from a big club already so I'm used to having demands and pressure and hopefully I can just take that on bring it here and hopefully be successful here. Supporters we know probably aren't going to be allowed back inside supporting venues for a while yet we've got a final message for them the Bradford City supporters who are no doubt looking forward to seeing you in action. Yeah it's a real shame that they couldn't be here because I was told a lot about the fan base and how good they are how loud they are and how passionate they are so it's a shame that looking like I won't be able to play in front of them for a while hopefully you never know hopefully that could happen but I'm just if I could say a message to them it's just that I'm really looking forward to playing for their club and just giving it my all and hopefully it goes well.


So we're here at OPPO and who are you? I am Martin Barca, I am global community manager at OPPO. And are you showing something crazy here? I am showing something very, very crazy. This is called SuperVook, which is our next generation fast charging technology. So we at OPPO were actually the first in the world to introduce fast charging technology to smartphones. And this is our newest technology. How big is the battery in there? This is a 2500 mAh battery. This is a prototype that we're showing here. And the phone charges from 0 to 100% in less than 15 minutes. So you can see we're at 5 minutes for now and we're already at 56%. That's pretty awesome right? That is pretty awesome. So how do you do that? There's a 5 volts. The cool thing about VOOC is that it's not only fast, it is also very safe. Because we only use a constant 5 volts for charging the batteries. So there's no overheating and no damage done to the batteries. So it's much better than competition. How many amps? I can't say. It's secret. It's probably not a secret because you can calculate but I can't say. But it's more than 3 I guess. Definitely more. Because our first generation VOOC had 4 to 5 amps. So this one is about 5 times faster than that. But the 4 to 5 amps. You never released a phone with that right? Yeah, we have. All the phones that came with VOOC. So the FINE 7, R7, R7S, R7 Plus, R5 and 3 they all have it. They all have 4 or 5 amps? I think it's 4.5 amps. 4.5 amps, fast charge. And this is 5 times faster than that. Everybody else, nobody does more than 3 right? What they do is they increase the voltage. That's how they increase the speed. But we don't. So when you increase the voltage you get fireworks right? You get more heat, yes. You definitely get a phone that is more hot. This one doesn't get hot but it's a big prototype kind of thing. There's a case around it. So this is not a final unit. We actually put a case, a protective case around the phone. But the final units won't be thicker than normal phones. So you do all this R&D at OPPO? Yes, this is a technology that we patented and developed ourselves. Nice, awesome. Is it USB Type-C? It supports micro USB and USB Type-C as well. Because USB Type-C do they have an official maximum amps and stuff? Or you can do whatever you want? I can say for our previous generation we created a custom cable. And a custom connector which is compatible with micro USB standards. But it actually comes with more pins inside and it's a more robust cable. So I suppose we will do the same with the USB Type-C cable as well. So you can scientifically guarantee that there's no electrocution happening here. Nobody is going to get hurt. I have been using my OPPO Find 7 which was the phone that we launched the original VUG charging with. And it works just fine for two years. And no user has reported the injury or anything? No, we haven't had an issue at all. It is actually safer than basically all the other fast charging technologies in the world. Nice. But you have to use the OPPO charger that's designed. So there it is compatible so you can use normal chargers to charge your phone. You can use OPPO charger for other phones. But in order to get the fast speeds you need the specific OPPO charger. You need the specific OPPO cable and the specific OPPO phone with the special battery. Nice. So can we continue talking until it's 100%? If you ask me other questions then I will definitely be happy to talk. Are you an engineer? No, I am a global community manager. So I work on the forum. I talk to the OPPO fans. I talk to media a lot. I demonstrate technology as you can see. Nice. And everybody else in the industry is jealous about OPPO or what? For this. I can see a lot of competition here. Who is very interested in the technology. Yeah, let's just join this over there. But everybody is coming to check it out and saying what? And how about can you put this in the car? For our previous OPPO VOOC flash charging we had a car charger and power bank as well. I am not sure if we will have the same for this one as well. But for the previous generation we had it. But could you actually charge an electric car in like 15 minutes? Like this technology can go elsewhere than a smartphone. For now we have only been working on implementing it into smartphones. But how come you have technology to do it so fast? Is it just choosing the amount of amps and the amount of volts? Or there is lots of other stuff happening. It is a secret. We have actually a very well engineered charger, a special cable. As I said, we improved the charging head. So you have more pins inside. And there is more connectors on the battery itself as well. And it is a custom battery. I guess it has electronics in the charger and in the phone that synchronize the power. There is controlling units in the phone and in the charger as well. Because if you synchronize the amount of power and stuff you speed it up a lot. By being in sync, right? And not wasting energy. So we have put controller units in both the charger and the smartphone itself. Alright, so we nearly made it 200. I can't think of any other questions. What does it mean that there is a special cable? A special camera? No, no, no. It is a special cable. A cable? I am not... Is it a special cable? Yes, if you take a look at it, it is actually quite a thick cable. So we have developed our own cable for this. As you can see, we just crossed the 10 minute mark and we are nearly full to 100%. So actually this prototype usually charges up in about 11 minutes, 12 minutes, something like that. How many times have you charged it? You swap out an empty battery and you charge it again? No, we have a lot of devices that are empty. Yeah, we have empty devices and we charge them up. So that means in one day you charge 800 phones? A lot of phones. We even have a device for discharging the batteries. Because we can charge them so fast but it takes so long to get empty. So we have to empty the battery. I don't even know where you put them. It is those over there, right? You need 800 phones over there. Thanks. Right over here. This is where all the phones are. They need to charge all these. The end of the round is Messi. Messi and Ko. They all love the fast charging Oppo.


My connection to a reactor is through the University of Tennessee at Martin. My late colleague, Professor Stan Sieber, was her champion in the 1980s and 1990s and invited her to several governor's schools for the humanities. Her presentations were very popular with the gifted high school students. I followed the tradition by inviting a reactor in the early 2000s to be one of the featured speakers at our annual Civil Rights Conference. But my first contact with her was through the publication in 1996 of the poem Mother Road in the University of Tennessee at Martin's Quarterly Magazine. The original was published in her volume, Abiding Appalachia. Mais racine. La création souvent exige deux coeurs. Un pour sans raciner et un pour fleurir. Un pour nourrir partant sec et fortifier dans la tempête la fragile fleur qui dans la gloire de son heure affirme un coeur ignoré invisible. I fell in love with the poem's caressing song and seamless simplicity. I immediately called a reactor and traveled to Memphis to meet her. Sensing that this was my first contact with a Cherokee Appalachian poet, she graciously introduced me to her work. Within a fortnight, I wrote an article about her work and translated 29 of her poems in French. They appeared in the journal Poésie Première in 1997 with a cover featuring a drawing of a reactor made by French artist Rosa Tatar. Over the years, I established a solid collection between a reactor and France. Four sets of poems with a translator's introduction appeared between 1998 and 2014 in the French poetry journal Poésie Première. One set appeared in the online French journal Recours au Poème and three sets appeared in the legendary Belgian journal Le Journal des Poëtes. Broadening her connections with Europe, she was asked just a few weeks ago to contribute a poem to the latest work of Italian sculptor Italo Lanfredini. Last but certainly not least, the French graphic artist Pierre Caillol and his wife and editor Marie offered to publish a bilingual artist's book for which a reactor and I are currently choosing poets. A reactor's message of respect for Mother Earth, respect for women and respect for science resonates with Francophone readers and has been well received over the years. In 2017, our French connection deepened when a reactor shared with me a collection of 50 letters she wrote to family and friends during her three-year stay in France from 1964 to 1967. As we discussed the context of the letters, the picture of her lifelong love for French culture and French people emerged. Working with her on this new project has been one of the most rewarding experiences of our 25-year friendship. She discovered the superb training she received from her teachers both at Oak Ridge High School and at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville where she graduated Magna cum laude with a double major in French and English and was offered a full graduate scholarship to the Sorbonne in Paris, France. France has played a vital part in a reactor's life. It has been a pivotal moment in her writing career. It is my privilege to piece together this story. This spring, a first article about it will appear in Poisy Première. He'll talk about geraniums, lace curtain windows, Voltaire, Perrault, Marie Curie and the many other ways in which France blends with a reactor's appellation and Cherokee traditions. Thank you.


So people, we have a patch incoming to the Outriders demo, which will affect the way in which we farm that beautiful loot. Today we get into it all. How's it going guys, my name's DPJ and if you enjoyed the video, leaving a like really helps out and if you like what you see and want to see more Outriders, be sure to subscribe. So literally 10 minutes ago for me starting to make this video, Square Enix and the official Outriders Reddit Drop Day post discussing changes coming to the demo. All platforms early next week and some changes even coming from tomorrow, which will be the 5th of March. Now the entire post you'll find linked within the video description if you do want to check out it all for yourself in your own time and we'll showcase it all on screen, but we'll just read through the important part so let's go. So they start with patch in the demo. We currently have your patch in the pipeline and are intending to release it as soon as it is past testing, likely early next week and here's what it will address and its resolutions that apply to platforms. Added a motion blur toggle, made minor tweaks to frame rate output for certain items in cutscenes, however we are working on a more comprehensive fix for the future, made improvements to cut down on the time it takes to match make, made other minor improvements and fixes. Additional resolutions that apply to PC only, fixed a crash that repeatedly occurred when opening the menu or inventory, fixed a bug that deletes player gear if their connection drops out during a transition, improved subtitle display and synchronisation during a bed day quest, additional resolutions that apply only to Xbox platforms, fixed menu prompts not displaying correctly in supported non-English languages and additional resolutions that apply to PlayStation platforms. Fixed door links on the buy now button in the lobby. Now that while all the in-game button will be fixed with the patch, you can still search a PlayStation store for outriders should you wish to already pre-audit. Fixed a bug that was causing an audio desynchronisation in cutscenes. Okay so changes to the demo. A backend update to the demo will be done during a short maintenance on Friday March 5th at 3pm GMT, this will affect all platforms. The change should be quite seamless and will not require you to download a patch. We are pre-announcing it right now in order to give you advanced notice of the changes. Some of these changes, specifically those related to enemies, are in response to feedback we've seen coming from players as well as what our own backend metrics are showing us. Other changes are intended to only affect the demo and may not be implemented into the full launch build. We would like to issue an explanatory note of caution before getting into the changes while we have balanced the main game with a certain progression system. This progression may be impacted by heavy farming of gear and slash or muds in the demo as some players are front-loading a lot of the progression such as trying to fill their mud library and acquire multiple legendos within the demo content already. Their experience of parts of the main game may well be impacted. Of course it's every player's decision how to play the game for themselves and we do not want to prevent people from farming the demo for gear if they enjoy it. However we would like to ensure that this progress is not overly simplistic, easy or prone to exploitation. What's changing? Changes to captains. The captain mob ability healing light will have its effectiveness reduced. The captain mob ability from the ashes and phoenix aura will have their cooldowns increased. Some players will find it hard to fully kill captains who would trigger these abilities making for a frustrating rather than challenging for a fun encounter. Changes to Gauss. Gauss will have his health points increased for repeat playthroughs. This is to ensure that he remains fun and challenging for players who are overpowered at this point in the story. Gauss healing from his ability to steal wall will be increased. Changes to loot drops. Oh here we go people. While we do not want to prevent farming runs we get it. The loot cave discovered via the triple chest run as well as the story exploits do not feel to be within the spooot of the game. To that end we are redirecting farming efforts to mechanics in the game that may be more enjoyable for players to play through and repeat. Epic items will no longer appear in shops and vendors within the demo. Wow. Chests will no longer drop legendary items. Wow. Side quest rewards and repeat runs will now have a chance to drop legendary items so that's cool too. Drop rates for enemies are not being changed at this time as we feel these are balanced quite well for the average player experience. Note that running this backend update now is also a way for us to pre-emptively ensure that such backend balancing can be straightforward. A low impact method of also rectifying any excessive balance issues in the main game. And other things they are addressing if you want to read through them on screen now. We have camera shake during cutscenes and dialogues, matchmaking, the cover system, items disappearing from player inventories which I know some people are actually worried about and it's happened to them quite a lot and we also have cheating and players using obvious exploits. Here they state we are aware of a handful of players who are using third party software to alter the game files and save data in their favour. While we cannot go into details in order to not give such players an insight into our systems we would like to ensure all regular players that we are able to identify cheaters with relative ease via our backend system and that their actions should not affect your regular playing or your co-op experience. But yeah guys I can't believe the patch in the chest people I can't believe it. I mean the captain now is going to die so much more and I guess what this is because I've mentioned this on my stream quite a few times that during like say for instance world tier 15 imagine doing a chest run on that world tier 15 with that increased loot, that increased chance of loot drops I mean it would just be stupid easy and I did predict this that they may affect chests, they may take legendaries out of chests within the full game this seems like a starting point for that and like I said these changes which will affect loot drops arrive tomorrow the 5th of March. Funny enough I did a video earlier today which I'll still drop later which showcases the best farming method which includes the chests as well and we more or less have about 15 hours left to do that but yeah guys tell me your thoughts on this down below in that comments section wow well people big changes for sure but on that note we have come to the end if you enjoyed it leaving a like really helps out and hopefully people I will see you on that next one