Hi everyone. In this video, I want to show that the antiderivative tangent of x is equal to the natural log of the absolute value of secant of x plus a constant. Now, if you were given this, it wouldn't be too hard to show from what you're given right here, because we could just take the derivative of the natural log of the absolute value of secant of x right here, and just proceed and show that this is equal to tangent. But the issue that I want to, the way I want to talk about this one is, what if we didn't know what the derivative was, or what the antiderivative was? How could we come up with the antiderivative from scratch, right, and show that way, showing in that way what the antiderivative is? In that regard, we could use u substitution, because when you look at tangent here, one of the classic trigonometric identities is that tangent is sine over cosine. And sine and cosine have a nice kinship when it comes to derivatives, right? We know, for example, that the derivative of sine is equal to cosine, and we also know that the derivative of cosine is equal to negative sine. And so in some respects, sine and cosine are derivatives of each other up to a plus or minus, right? And so this process becomes reversible when it comes to antiderivatives. The antiderivative of sine dx is going to equal negative cosine of x plus a constant, and the antiderivative of cosine of x dx is equal to just sine of x dx. So you have this derivative antiderivative relationship with respect to cosine and sine. So in this situation, we have sine over cosine. Let's take the denominator to be our u, u equals cosine of x. And then as we can see there on the screen, the derivative of cosine is a negative sine of x dx. And so although we don't have a negative sine present, now we do. We can now take our antiderivative here, rewriting this in terms of the u substitution, our integral becomes negative the integral of du over u. And so notice here that the negative sine x dx becomes our entire du. And so this right here is just equal to du. And so we want to find an antiderivative negative antiderivative of one over u. And so recognizing the antiderivative of one over u is just the natural log there. You get negative the natural log of the absolute value of u plus a constant. In which case that's the same thing as negative the natural log of the absolute value of cosine of x dx. Because after all our u was cosine. And a lot of people are quite content with that as a final answer. But by properties of logarithms, a coefficient in front of them of the logarithm is equivalent to an exponent on the inside. And so raising something to the negative exponent takes its reciprocal. So we get the natural log of one over cosine of x and the reciprocal of cosine of course is just a secant. So we get the natural log of the absolute value of secant of x plus a constant. And so this then verifies the result we are looking for. Remember if we forgot what we wrote up here earlier. Oh, there it is. The antiderivative is natural log of the absolute value of secant of x plus C. So the thing here is this doesn't just give us the antiderivative of tangent. But by mimicking this strategy, we could also find the antiderivative of cotangent, right? And so I'll encourage the viewers of this video, right? If you want to be the first commenter, why don't you post what the antiderivative of cotangent is? Excuse me. Sort of mimicking this strategy right here.


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Since the July 26 coup in Niger that ousted former President Mohamed Bazoum, a known French ally, France has been at loggerheads with Niger's new military leaders. Just like it happened in Mali and Burkina Faso, the coup leaders in Niger demanded the withdrawal of France from the country after it renounced the military defense agreement with France, but France remained defiant, refusing to leave. However, recent reports revealed that France has begun talks with Niger that will ensure the possible withdrawal of French troops from the country. Recall that after Mali and Burkina Faso kicked French troops out, Niger became a crucial hub for France, and France went ahead to station 1,500 troops to help fight against armed rebels in the region. Former French ambassador to Mali and Senegal Nicholas Norman confirmed the news, saying that talks between the French and Niger forces to partially evacuate soldiers were ongoing, according to his sources. Norman also stated that his source, who wishes to remain anonymous, stated that the talks should not be interpreted as a recognition of the coup leaders, but rather as a technical dialogue between the two forces. The Nigerian military and the Ministry of Armed Forces also confirmed the news, saying that they were discussing the details of withdrawing certain military elements. This news comes amidst the growing anti-French sentiment that has continued to spread across Niger and even increased further when France ignored the Hunter's order for its ambassador, Sylvain It, to leave within 48 hours. According to the Nigerian Foreign Ministry, the ambassador was asked to leave for refusing to attend a meeting scheduled with Niger's Foreign Minister, including other actions by the French government that are against Niger's interest. Speaking on the issue, French President Emmanuel Macron said that it will not leave Niger despite the expiration of the Hunter's deadline. He went further to say that France's policy towards Niger is the right one and that it was based on the commitment of our diplomats, of our ambassador on the ground who remains, despite pressures, despite everything, and all the declarations made by illegitimate authorities. The president also added that France does not recognize Niger's military authorities and insists that deposed President Mohammed Bozoun, who was toppled in a coup last month, remains the country's only legitimate authority. All this has prompted tens of thousands of protesters to gather outside a French military base in Niger's capital, Niame, and demand the complete withdrawal of French troops from the country. While some demonstrators slashed the throat of a goat clothed in French colors and dragged coffins draped in French flags in front of a queue of Nigerian troops, others carried posters demanding that France leave. According to some reports, this protest was the biggest yet, and it suggests that support for the Hunter and the division of France is not waning. �We are ready to sacrifice ourselves today because we are proud� said demonstrator Yukuba Isufu. �They planted our resources and we became aware. So they�re going to get out.� Speaking at a press conference in Niame on a variety of subjects, Prime Minister Ali Mohamed Lomain Zin insisted that French forces are in the country illegally because the military authority canceled the agreements that allowed them to be on our territory. He further added that they are in an illegal position, but I believe that ongoing exchanges will allow these forces to leave our country very quickly. Zin also mentioned French Ambassador Sylvain It, who was ousted from the nation but refused to leave despite military authorities robbing him of his credentials and immunities. The Premier claimed Sylvain It, whom French President Emmanuel Macron praised for his bravery, did not behave properly as a diplomat. �This is contempt that is not acceptable� he remarked. Following the military takeover and the suspension of anti-terrorist cooperation between the two countries, French forces and military resources have been immobilized. And helicopters and aircraft have been grounded for a month. So according to a source, it is normal to discuss this withdrawal in so far as anti-terrorist cooperation has been suspended. It would be a welcome development and a big win for Niger if the talks resulted in the eventual departure of the French troops. What are your thoughts? Do you think France will finally agree to leave Niger? Do leave your thoughts down below, and don't forget to like, subscribe, and share.


So, hello everyone, and a very warm welcome to this, the International Perspectives panel discussion. My name is Sarah Hilda Lee, and I work for the Daisy consortium, where I manage inclusive publishing and international news and information hub on all things accessibility. So I'm really delighted to be moderating this panel today and my thanks to the nails team for bringing together such an excellent group of international speakers, from whom we can learn so much. So we're going to have about a 40 to 45 minute discussion here centered on accessible books and publishing in these various different markets, and we'll follow that with a 10 to 15 minute question and answer session. Before I begin, I'd like to ask our panelists to introduce themselves. For those of you watching it you can find full bios on the accessible publishing website. But for now Christina perhaps you'd like to get us started with a quick introduction. Thank you very much. I'm Christina Musinelli. I'm the secretary general of the foundation. I work in accessibility since a long time now, and I'm also involved in the standard organization like W3C and Daisy and for the other organization involving accessibility. Thank you Christina that was perfect. Agatha over to you. My name is Agatha Merva Montoya, and I'm lecturer at the Department of Media and Communications at the University of Sydney. Before that I was publishing manager at Sydney University Press where among other things I led the implementation of accessible publishing practices. I've been involved in various accessibility initiatives in Australia, the Australian Inclusive Publishing Initiatives since 2018, the Accessibility Initiative Working Party of the Institute of Professional Editors since 2020, and more recently the Roundtable on Information Access for people with print disabilities. And I'm currently working on a couple of research projects on accessibility implementation and I'm delighted to be here. Thank you. Agatha, thank you. Issa, your turn. Hello, I'm Isadora Kau. I'm from Brazil. And I work at Buquire Brazil. I'm a data analysis manager. And I actually got in touch with accessibility when I went to the TechFar event in Canada. And then I started a project at Buquire to encourage our publishers in Brazil to make accessible eBooks from the beginning, not only by demand, which was the case before. Thank you. Finally, let's hear from Stacy. My name is Stacy Scott and I have recently been made accessibility manager at Taylor and Francis Publishing. Before that, I was the service lead for RNIB Bookshare here in the UK. I worked in education and international development for several years with site savers, working in a number of fantastic countries. It's a pleasure to be here at the panel today. I also am the chair of the Accessibility Action Group for the Publishers Association again here in the UK. That's wonderful. Thank you everyone. What an amazing group you are. So let's dive in with a question for all of you. I'd like to ask each of you to help us gain some insight into your particular markets. And I wonder if you could each provide us with a brief overview of how your government is, or perhaps isn't, encouraging accessible publishing. And if your government isn't engaged in this area, how is the private sector working towards accessible publishing? So I'm going to go to Agata first for an overview of the landscape in Australia. Thank you, Sarah. So following the notification of Marrakesh Treaty in 2016, the Australian government introduced legislative changes to our copyright law. In the amendment introduced in 2017, the previous provision has been replaced with two new exceptions. The first is a third dealing exception for persons with a disability and anyone assisting them. And the second is an exception for organisations assisting persons with a disability. Now accessibility is at the core of the government's digital transformation strategy, which aims to deliver world leading digital services for the benefit of all Australians. Now to add the strategy, the Australian government style manual contains an extensive section on how to write accessible, inclusive content. And the digital service standard, a set of best practice principles for designing and delivering government services, aims to ensure that these services are accessible, inclusive of all users. Now in 2016, the government released new procurement rules, which require public libraries and educational institutions to procure RCT products and services, which of course include digital books and content to meet accessibility requirements. These have been refreshed and updated in 2020. However, the implementation in practice has been somewhat lagging. That said, these rules are more likely affect the school educational market first. So our government is very supportive in terms of legislation and across digital accessibility in terms of government operations, but has not provided any funding to develop the publishing industry capability in this area. So the work on improving access to books to date has been driven by the disability sector and the publishing industry. Now the key organisation in the disability sector is the round table on information access for people with print disabilities, with membership across Australia and New Zealand, which includes organisations like Vision Australia or NexSense, but also the Australian Publishers Association and some publishers. The round table produces guidelines and hosts an annual conference and workshops. Now, in 2016 representatives of the publishing industry, libraries, disability organisations, the government and accessible format producers met for the first time as part of the Marrakesh Treaty Forum to identify the challenges and ways to improve the industry capability. A year later this forum was renamed the Australian Inclusive Publishing Initiative, also known as the AP. The AP released two guides in 2019, one on copyrights and one on inclusive publishing, and has been supporting collaboration, research and lobbying for funding, without much luck so far, but we'll get to that. The rest of the AP has been meeting manually, having been meeting manually until the start of the COVID pandemic. And while we haven't met since 2020 work on increasing accessibility awareness and industry capability continuously the background with the support of the Australian Publishers Association. The next industry organisation is the Institute of Professional Editors, which in 2020 formed a working party to research and create guidelines and training on editorial practices that address the needs of readers with a print disability. And apart from working on the guidelines, the members of the group contributed to revising the national editing standards to increase discussion of accessibility among the editing professionals. So that's why we're working on the landscape in Australia. Thanks Sarah. Thank you Agata, lots going on. If I could turn to Issa now and ask her the same question about the publishing landscape in Brazil. Yes. So we are not doing as much as Australia is doing. But we had in 2015, a new law, which we call the Brazilian law of inclusion, where it says that people with disabilities, they must have the same access and the same opportunities as everyone else. And these effects publishing, of course, because publishers are now obliged to provide books, accessible books, however, it doesn't say when you have to provide this book. You have to provide it in a digital format. It's not very detailed. And from then it's been six, seven years since the law was was released. Sorry that I'm forgetting words in English. But nothing much has changed. We have the government has this portal for accessible books where if you have a disability you can just register.  And not all the publishers are available there. So I don't see it as very accessible, as I believe that accessibility should be. You know, if I buy a book at Amazon or Kobo, everyone else should be able to do the same at the same time they should not have to wait for the book to be made. But there is this portal and it works and publishers have they have to provide the book within 60 days, 60 days. And this is what we have so far but then the pandemic came and the government realized that for schools, they would also have to provide digital books that were accessible. Before that the National Reading Reading Program did not have digital books as an option only for people with disabilities and not for all cases. And now they see it as mandatory so all the books they should be provided from the beginning in print. And also in digital accessible format. So this is what the government's doing so far. For Brazil, it's a lot, I would say but there is still a long, a long way to go. And the private sector. So it's not doing much, sadly, but we at Book Wire, we work with publishers so we don't make accessible books but we have been trying to encourage publishers to make the books accessible from the beginning they should not wait for the man so make your book accessible. And we can't from the release date, because then it will be also available in an accessible format for the government if they're going to buy books for you, and for the private sector if they're going to buy books for you. So, this is where we at. Great. Thank you very much. So, Stacy, over to you for the UK perspective. Yeah. And it was really interesting hearing about Australia and Brazil and I guess from my thinking the UK is probably somewhere in the middle. So, I've certainly traveled, as I mentioned before, you know, I've traveled a lot for it, looking at education in different countries and I've certainly seen far less provision that we get here in the United Kingdom. I didn't mention that, but I would also say that we don't actually get a lot here in the UK, either. So we have our copyright 2014 legislation, very similar to Brazil where, you know, anyone with a print disability has legal has the legal right to have books in the methods that they require them in. But there is no government department that you can go to to make that happen. And so they're very, very hands off I'd say the government, in terms of inclusive publishing and making things accessible so they provide grants and funding to schools and colleges and we have the disabled students allowance. So students are very much reliant on either scanning themselves and making the book accessible themselves, or working with librarians or the visually impaired and many others to your teaching staff support staff to make sure that they get the content that they need in the way that they need it. The problem with this as well though is it can be a bit of a postcode lottery and we've heard about this a lot particularly over the pandemic so some schools had a lot of support and had had the money they needed had the staff that they needed. And we had that a lot of other schools depending on where they were, so more deprived areas, they didn't receive all the support that they needed, and that a lot of children are falling behind, particularly those that need support with their, their reading needs. I would say that we mostly rely on charities, hugely rely on charities and the public sector and the private sector to get us the content that we need. So for example, aren't I be bookshare and talking books so that they have, I think just over three quarters of a million years ago when I left a couple of months ago, but that was all done through a collaboration effort between charity and publisher. So publishers provided that content to R and I be an R and I be trying to make it as accessible as it possibly could. In terms of other private sectors I mean of course it is, it is predominantly reliant on publishers and which I think have been really particularly good in the UK, certainly through bookshare so if we didn't have a copy, we would contact that publisher and ask for that copy, and we could make it into a variety of different formats for that student. So I think publishers have certainly had a massive part to play. And then just looking at the, you know, the publishers association and the accessibility action group everyone coming together there to try and get some movement and some stuff happening. There's a lot of a lot of effort there. But I think the biggest effort that needs to come is from the government, and I still think the government needs to recognize how big a problem that this can be how difficult it could be and actually they need to start funding people with print disabilities as much as they fund everybody else. Thank you Stacy that's really interesting. Christina we're going to come to you next for an insight into the Italian landscape please. Thank you very much. First, I would explain a little bit more about the foundation, because it's a kind of strange organization because it has been started as a project funded by the Ministry of Culture in Italy. And it has been managed by the Italian Publishers Association. And we work very, very closely since the beginning with the Italian Blind Union. Then after the project closed, we founded the foundation and the foundation now has as a member, the Italian Blind Union, the Italian Publishers Association, the Italian Dyslexia Association, a specialist organization that is organization working since many, many years in the production of digital, digital, braille and a larger character textbook for students who are blind and visually impaired. And we also have many publisher and the main goal of the foundation we started in 2011 was to create a catalog of born accessible publications that should be sold in the mainstream distribution channel, because our goal was not only to produce accessible book, but was to provide the accessible book in the same environment that is available for everybody because we believe that a person should buy a book as any other reader without any lagging of time and without any specific request. Now we have a catalog of 28,000 ebooks in the Italian market that are already accessible. And we work with the publisher and we certify also the accessibility of the file and we produce the metadata so the end user can understand which are the feature of the file. So it's a full ecosystem that we want to achieve in an accessible way. The other important element we start with the fiction book, but now we are also working with the educational publisher and academic and professional publisher, and we are working with them not only on the file but also on the platform and on the website, because this is another important part. And the last but not least, not in Italy but in Europe, I think it's important to know there is a new directive that is European Accessibility Act that has been approved in 2019 and should be implemented in the internationalization of all European countries by 2022 and will enter in force by 2025. And one of the services that are included in the directive are ebooks and the digital publishing value chain. And this is really important because not only publisher in Europe, but every publisher want to sell in Europe should comply with the accessibility requirement. We are now, as Leah Foundation working very closely with the Federation of European Publishers with the European Blind Union and European Disability Forum to monitor the implementation and to find solution to make the implementation possible because it's, as you have already said, costly. There are a lot of investment and it's a completely shift and also the production process and the knowledge that the people should acquire not only in the publishing industry but let's say developer of application or a web developer should know what means to create an accessible website and there is no large knowledge on that at European level and I believe not only at European level. So what we are now trying to ask is to convince the Commission to fund and to put some money in a specific call in the European project focus on this topic because we believe it's also research and development. It's not something that is already done. There are a lot of research also in technology and in process that should be done and we believe this is very important and is not only a problem of the publisher but should be something that it should be taken in consideration also at European Commission level. Thank you Christina. So I'd like to move on to ask you all about the activities that you're currently involved in and what perhaps is your own organization doing to advance accessible publishing. Issa, perhaps we could start with you to tell us about the good work that Bookwire are currently engaged with. Sure. And so, like I said, after I visit Canada, when I went to tech forum, I realized that something had to be done regarding accessibility. It was a subject that the government had already passed and our association of publishers and had already also taken into consideration they had this portal for the accessible book. But I realized that this was very important because I had this international exchange and I realized that accessibility is way more than just a file that works for a blind person that there is like text-to-speech that works. And since we at Bookwire, we work with a lot of publishers in Brazil, I would say 60 to 70% of the market is for clients. We had this voice to talk to the publishers about this matter, even though we are an aggregator, we just deliver books to shops, let's say. But this was something that we could talk to them about it, they would listen because they rely on us when the subjects technology. And so I brought this subject to Bookwire and we started, we started small, we started sending out newsletter and asking publishers what they were doing to make the books accessible. I realized that they were still using EPUB 2, they were not aware of EPUB 3 sometimes. There were of course some bigger publishers that were more, they were more aware of the matter, but it was usually something that were not on the radar, they just saw accessible books as something really difficult to make and expensive. And that's not, that's not true. There are a lot of people in our market, even in Brazil that make accessible ebooks for a very reasonable price, they don't demand a lot of time. We were also starting with audiobooks. So that's what we did, we started talking about it, we started sending this letter and making the subject sort of happen. And then we have a validator of EPUB files in our platform and we used ACE by Daisy as a benchmark. We used, I think we used the code as an open code. I'm not sure about the details of the technology, but we included the validation in our validators. So now publishers are able to check if their ebook is accessible and if it's not, where is the, where is the state, what is missing? You know, there is like a very detailed report. And these already made a lot of publishers open their eyes to the matter because they, in order to deliver a book to any of the channels that we deliver to, they have to validate the ebook. And then you have something telling your ebooks not accessible. And this is what you should do to fix it. And a lot of publishers started to ask questions and they realized that it was not super expensive. It didn't demand a lot of time. There were people in Brazil that were doing it. It was not something so out of reach. So this was the first step. And we're still like taking baby steps. It's not as fast as I would like since this was, you know, 2019. But there is something else that we've been pushing that I think makes a lot of difference, which is making your book accessible in more places, and in the same places for everyone so accessible books should not be available on demand. It should be available at Amazon and Kobo and Google and Apple and Storytel, script, whatever they should be available for everyone in our business models in libraries. We have a very different library markets in Brazil from all the other countries, I assume we don't have the same culture. But it has been changing slowly, especially since the pandemic started, and the library business is growing. And we've been talking to publishers that you should also make your books available at libraries because we have, we have blind people people with disabilities it's not only visual impairment but there are other kinds of things that can can make a person need an accessible book. We're able to access this book because you know Brazil is a very huge country, and we have a different reality in some places, you know, there are some places that you're going to have bookshops and you're going to have libraries and everyone has access to the internet, but if you go to other places, there is no internet, or there is no bookshops and Amazon will take, I don't know days, weeks to deliver a book for you. So how to make books accessible there as well. You know. So this is, this is what we are doing, we are starting the conversation and making the publishers aware because they are the ones making the books, so they are the ones who have to take this step to make the books accessible and I think they, they didn't understand how to do it they didn't have the information. So they didn't do it. And we are trying to get this information to them to show them that it's not that hard. It's totally worth it.  So yeah, this is what you're doing. That's wonderful. And it's great to hear about Bookquire tackling the challenge of informing your publishing industry in Brazil and indeed offering the ace by Daisy validation option. Always pleased to hear about that. There are many hats I know, but we'd love to hear about the work that Taylor and Francis are currently engaged in and perhaps you could spend a few moments telling us about that. Thank you. And so I think it's been quite a year or two for Taylor and Francis and they've certainly done a lot to make their content more accessible. For me, I don't know if you would class that as a good thing or not. So, bringing me in as accessible accessibility manager is one of the key things that they've done recently to ensure the continuation of all the accessibility work that aligns with the overall strategy of the company wide strategy of inclusion and making sure that the inclusive practices and inclusive content is is across absolutely everything that we do, both in house and externally.  So this describes what they're doing in terms of accessibility and inclusive publishing, what shows they use and most importantly, how you can use them. And the so 100% that was up from I think it was about 71% the year before. So they really did put a lot of work into making sure that they made the accessibility statement as clear as possible. They also decided that wasn't enough and they gone ahead and won the ABC gold standard award as well for their work in accessible publishing. So the partner three of the key. We don't say libraries but organizations across the world so R and IB bookshare so that's Bookshare UK, Bookshare US, and the access text network. And through the most three partnerships they've made sure that over 50,000 books were downloaded just last year alone. 37,000 books and between between these three partnerships, 95% of Taylor and Francis content is available in a variety of different formats immediately. So, in total we have more than 150,000 ebooks available and are continually digitizing and upgrading our backlist. One of our other schemes is VIP mailbox definitely VIPs to us. So in this mailbox we answer queries from anyone who requires books in alternative formats and through so through this and say this program, since its inception about 10 years ago about 2010. They've processed 28,000 books. So it's quite a lot of books to process as a team and they do a wonderful job and they're very passionate about what they do. And we've also got a descriptions program for images. So we're looking at this part of our commitment to WCAG compliance we introduced image descriptions into our work workflows in 2020. Hundreds of books are now supplied with image descriptions with this number growing every day. We also have an author submission program, which was a really interesting thing to start running to see if we could get authors, when they submit their manuscripts to actually do their own image descriptions. And this is actually gone reasonably well so the numbers are so small but they are growing, because we're still, you know, getting the word out there talking to two authors, letting them know why it's so important, and having other authors lead by example. And where this is most important in my view is when when you're looking at particularly STEM content. So, you know, it might be that somebody, you know, you need somebody who really understands the topic in order to describe a graph and calculus or a part of the human body and, and we, you know, you don't want that getting wrong. Somebody, you know, making the best effort they can to make a book accessible but getting that wrong, and therefore the person that's using it isn't getting the information that they need. Taylor and Francis have also joined the global certified accessibility program with Benedict. Make sure again that they're publishing fully accessible PDF and EPUBs. Moving on to our journals as well. Our journals are available in HTML, EPUB and PDF format, and I believe there is, we've just converted 360,000 books into a journal sorry into accessible EPUB format. And, and we're also we've made any new articles will be published automatically into EPUB so again that number is growing quite rapidly, and it'll be exciting to see where it is in a few years time. So a two year project on the go at the moment to upgrade 65,000 EPUB two files into EPUB three to improve the structural integrity of these files with accessibility in mind. We're looking for the things so we have a read speaker tool built into our journals platform. So it means that anyone can go on and click on that, and have they either an entire journal or part of a journal read to them. So if they, you know, if they have a print impairment and they don't actually want to read the whole thing themselves and that tools free and it's already there, and it's suitable for a wide variety of needs. I think TNF have done a lot. There's still a lot we want to do. And the thing I would say is most important that they do as well is that they make it easy to contact them. So regardless of whether or not you know you're having an issue browsing their website so getting their books. If you go to that accessibility statement or on their homepage and it's, it's always easy to get hold of somebody, and you should always receive a really fast response because they really recognize that actually even a few days of not having your content can make such a difference. Wow, that was really impressive Stacy thank you and Taylor and Francis have certainly been really busy. The Leah Foundation I'm sure has got a lot to report on here so I'm going to hand over to you for a quick resume of everything you've been doing recently. We understand that the Leah Foundation has recently collaborated with European colleagues on a number of fantastic accessible resources. We'd be interested, I'd be interested in understanding how that alters everyone's approach to the European Accessibility Act over to you. Thank you. Yes, we have done. First of all, we have prepared a paper two years ago that was explaining what the Accessibility Act means. We each had implication for all the actor in value chain, it was in English and it was freely downloadable. And from that we started collaboration with other organization who translated the paper in their own languages. And we have a Canadian version of the document that has been adapted to the Canadian market. We have a Japanese version who has been done in collaboration with the K University. And now we have prepared. Just two weeks ago, the German version in collaboration with the person for iron and dizzy belays and we are the partner of person for iron in this field. And we are now working on a little Indian version of the same book for the little Indian blind organization. This is one big part if someone else is interesting in translating it in Spanish or any other language, we are available, and we will be very happy. The other thing that we are doing at the international level is training. We have created a quite wide catalog of training course that with the pandemic we are now able to offer online. And we train on many different aspects from raising awareness and explaining which are the general issue to very detailed and longer training course on how to use in design world, and all the other tool to create accessible publication within the production process we are quite we have a quite strong knowledge in the production process in publishing, because we are from the publisher association so we understand how the publisher create and which are the issues I face. We have an image description training program to explain all the things that Stacy is playing very well. And we are working also on some training course on the workflows and the production process that is another element that is really relevant. We also do some event to raise awareness in book fairs and festival and we are now part of European project of the network of European fairs. And we manage within this project that is named all the activity of the most important European fair focus on accessibility, and we recently have released a research that we have done within this project to verify the accessibility of book fairs. There was a Frankfurt tour in Lisbon, many different fairs, both in terms of physical accessibility but also digital and communication accessibility and an article will be published very soon on the Aldous App website. So what and the other thing that we do a lot is consultancy and support for the publisher, we also use the daisy tool we have embedded that in a platform that we have that is an automated process to verify and certify the ebooks from the publisher and also to create the metadata on accessibility in an automated way. Fantastic, thank you Christina. Leah has always got so much going on it's fun it's wonderful to hear about all the various activities. Agatha last but not least, I'd like, we'd like to come to you and if you could take a few moments to tell us about the surveys that you recently conducted and how this informs the your activities in Australia, that would be wonderful. We are running fairly close to the end of the session so if I could ask you to be reasonably brief and then I think we have time for one more question at the end. Yes I'll be very brief. So I've been involved with accessible publishing at Sydney University Press where I've worked, and this sort of made me interested in actually researching what's the landscape of accessibility implementation in Australia so I carried the research project in 2020. I've done a couple of surveys, one with publishers and one with disability organizations just to understand what were the key challenges and from both sides. So I don't want to go too much into the details, you know, I've got reports online that can be read but basically it shows that there is publishers are producing digital books but they are not making, they're not sure whether they are accessible so they are giving us an unlimited, so there is, you know, demand for training and more knowledge. What I found really interesting is finding out from disability organizations and alternatives so much producers, what are their challenges because it showed how much unnecessary work is being carried out and how time consuming the really publishers could step up. And this survey sort of resulted in some really key suggestion that could be implemented short term by publishers like improving response and turnaround time for providing files, having contacts on the website, providing the correct files in the first instance. And just having a policy on the website and you know, it's like what Stacey mentioned that Taylor and Francis has, but of course in the long term publishers should produce more than accessible books. So what from there, so in the first instance, we implemented many of those suggestions on our SAP websites, you know, we have policy, we have a contact, but also we have done a number of industry webinars and conference presentations and workshops, aim to increase awareness and provide a starting point for publishers of how can they get involved in accessible publishing. And COVID slowed some of this work but we are still making progress on the guidelines, as I mentioned before, organizing a series of workshops and working on further research projects to support raising awareness and increasing capability of the industry. And also the key I guess finding from the service for me is how much we can learn from each other. So working together for the disability section and publishing industry is the key. So that's for me, brief. Alright, thank you very much Agata and just to let all our audience know that some of these wonderful resources that have been mentioned today, we will provide those links and make them available to you all so that you can read a little bit more about them in more detail. So I have one final question for you all and if you could just give me a very brief idea of your thoughts on how realistic this dream of a world where born accessible books become the norm. How realistic is it in your market, do you think. And I'm going to go immediately back to Agata for this one for, for your view. So I am an eternal optimist by default and I believe this is very realistic, and especially with the European Accessibility Act in place which is a game changer. It's limited to, it's European Accessibility Act but it will impact all publishers who want to sell to Europe. And you know if publishers are thinking of doing it and I presume it wouldn't only be surprised if in Australia and other places our legal framework will change to follow this directive in any way. So, in my mind, working together, as I mentioned before, is the key to changing the way books are produced. And, you know, this is what we've done at SUP because we work together with our platform provider in disability organizations, we were able to make huge progress despite the fact that we are very small, five people. So, yeah, and like just looking back and how much has changed in the last few years since I've been heavily involved in this area since 2018. And the awareness and knowledge of accessibility issues has has grown incredibly over the last few years there are more guidelines and tools such as say by Daisy which is a game changer. There's more training available from different organizations around the world so for some I believe that the world where born accessible books are the norm is coming and coming soon. Wonderful, it's great to hear your optimism there. Let's hear from Stacy and whether there is any difference on her opinion with regards to the UK market. I completely agree with Agatha 100%. I don't think we're going to wake up tomorrow and find that it's, you know, we're born accessible and everything's wonderful.  It was so, so different and we've come such a long way and I think there's still a way to go but we're on the right tracks. We're implementing the right legislation, and we're collaborating a lot more. And so I think I never used to think that it was possible, but I'm 100% convinced that it is very, very possible. And we can look forward to celebrating that day and looking at everything that we've achieved. Thank you, Stacy. Christina, are you, are you as optimistic as Stacy and Agatha? Yes, also because in Italy for trade book is already reality. I think it's more complicated and they will be a longer journey for academic and professional and school books. But I'm sure that is a journey that started that the people is working quite fast. So I'm quite confident. Wonderful. That's three out of four. Finally, let's hear from Issa on this. I'm really sorry guys, I'm going to be the pessimist here, but this is about my market. So, I mean, I do think it's possible, of course, and we do have some people working really hard. I've never done a foundation before, but we have the foundation called Dorina and the wheel, which is very similar to the Leah foundation they do a great work for a long time they're present in almost other cities in Brazil. But I, my country, sadly, does not think so much about these matters. It's law of inclusion. It's been seven years now, and not much has changed it not many publishers are involved and it's just very slow I don't think. I don't think nothing will change if the government doesn't really push doesn't make it mandatory and mandatory in a way that it's truly accessible not only by demand, not only through a different portal because that's not true accessibility. But the publishers which are in Brazil at least they are the private sector. I don't see the working towards this because it will require time it will require money, unless they are forced to. So I'm a little, I'm a little pessimist, but it will happen. I just think we need more, we need more focus on this matter from our government. Well, let's cross our fingers that you're as optimistic as are the rest of our panel in a short time. I know Christina wants to hop in here with something quick before before we close up so I will revert quickly to Christina. Now I just want to highlight that one very important element to push accessibility is to explain that accessibility is a higher quality for everybody. If you create accessible digital publication they will be much better for every reader. And this is something that we were able to explain to the publisher. I think it's a very good point. It's a quality and it's also in increasing the market. So I think these are also business value, not only charity and the social issue there are also some business issue that should be explained and demonstrate to the publisher and I think that this is clear. It's very clear for example in Francis and Taylor and I think this one of the reason that is important to explain because publisher will move also for that. Thank you Christina quite absent couldn't agree more. So we've come to the end of our discussion here today. And I'd like to thank all of our wonderful panelists for this excellent discussion. It's been fascinating to hear about the different approaches in your countries. And I think we can all learn something from the various terrific activities that have been presented here. Thank you to you our audience for your time, and we hope to be able to connect with you in the future. I'm going to hand back over to Leah from nails at this point. And we look forward to some questions from you all.


I'm Darren Marlar and this is a Weird Darkness Bonus Bite. From IFL Science, we may have found life on Mars 50 years ago, then killed it, written by James Felton. As the search for life on Mars continues with the Mars sample return program set to return samples of the planet in the early 2030s, one scientist has suggested that we may have already found life on the red planet almost 50 years ago, and then, in what would not be an all-time great first impression, we destroyed it. Long before the Curiosity rover set robotic wheels on Mars, two landers touched down. NASA's Viking project, as well as capturing the first-ever images from the Martian surface, saw the landers conduct biological tests on the Martian soil, specifically to look for signs of life. The results were fairly unexpected and confusing to scientists. Most of the experiments were not promising. In one part of the experiment, traces of chlorinated organics were found, though these were believed at the time to be contaminants brought from Earth. One part of the experiment saw water containing nutrients and radioactive carbon added to Martian soil. If life were present, the idea was that the microorganisms would consume the nutrients and emit the radioactive carbon as a gas. While the first experiment did find this radioactive gas, control experiment found none, later results were mixed. If microbes were present in the soil, giving them more of the radioactive nutrients and incubating them for longer should produce more radioactive gas. But a second and third injection of the mix did not lead to the production of more gas. The initial positive result was put down to percolate, a compound used in fireworks and rocket fuel which could have metabolized the nutrients. However, there are other ideas. Dirk Schultz-McHooche, professor for Planetary Habitability and Astrobiology at the Technical University Berlin, suggests that adding water to the experiment was a mistake and may have killed off microbes we were attempting to find. In a piece published in June for Big Think, he cites examples of life on Earth found in the most extreme environments on Earth, living entirely within salt rocks and drawing humidity from the air. Pouring water on these microbes would kill them, perhaps explaining why the further injections of nutrients didn't result in detection of radioactive gas. When you've just been drowned by an alien robot, you don't tend to be all that hungry. Schultz-McHooche had previously suggested that Martian life could have hydrogen peroxide in their cells. This adaptation would have the particular advantages in the Martian environment of providing a low freezing point, a source of oxygen, and hygroscopicity Schultz-McHooche and co-other Jup M. Houtküper wrote in a 2007 study. If we assume that indigenous Martian life might have adapted to its environment by incorporating hydrogen peroxide into its cells, this could explain the Viking results, Dirk Schultz-McHooche wrote for Big Think, adding that the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer heated up samples before analyzing them. If the Martian cells contained hydrogen peroxide, that would have killed them. Moreover, it would have caused the hydrogen peroxide to react with any organic molecules in the vicinity to form large amounts of carbon dioxide, which is exactly what the instrument detected. Though it is a huge if, if this was correct, it would mean that we found life on Mars nearly 50 years ago, then killed it, like the bad aliens in movies. Not the ideal first meeting with alien life. Find the link to the original story in the show notes. And find more news in the Weird News & Blog at WeirdDarkness.com


Welcome to Titans Camp Rewind from the Bet MGM Studios at Ascension St. Thomas Sports Park. With Amy Wells, I'm Mike Keith. Well, we also have someone else. Well, I guess we should acknowledge that shouldn't we? I guess we should acknowledge him too. Tennessee Titans great. Delighting Walker is also here. And Delaney, we know that Amy Adams Strunk has really put a premium on making sure that former Titans, former Houston Oilers even feel included, feel like they have a place to call home here at Ascension St. Thomas Sports Park. What does it feel like being out here for a training camp practice where you don't have to suit up? It actually feels great. I'm not a sweating or have to hit anybody. But no, Amy giving us this opportunity to come back into the building. A lot of legends, a lot of former players, they want that opportunity to feel like they have a home, especially if they live in a state that the team is in. So it's great that she's opening it up for us to come and just be around the players. Everybody talks about Delaney Walker and the comp now is Chig Aconquo. What have you seen from the second year Titan from Maryland that gets you excited about him for the coming season? I've seen a lot with Chig, just watching him in training camp, just the confidence. I think it's his confidence level has grown a lot. And that's going to make him more explosive and make more plays to come this year. And I'm excited to see what he do. When you see him, do you see yourself? I do, I do.  I know a lot of people say they remind him of me. But at the end of the day, he needs to be himself because that's what got him here and he'll be great if he do that. We're excited to see this offense, but we really haven't seen much of it yet. And that's by design, right? Of course, of course, it's preseason. We don't want to give anything away. Again, we added DeHop. He's going to be explosive. We got Derek Henry, that's 100% fresh. And then Ryan Tannehill coming back fresh. So I'm excited to see what them guys can put together. And put on a show. But again, we won't show everything it is preseason. We want to leave a have something to give them guys with that punch, you know, then the putting a punch, the physicality of the defense is obvious. Our defense has always been a key point of our success. So just to build on that, adding guys in the backhand DBs, some defense aligned, I feel like we're going to be explosive and physical like we always are. He could do this for a living. He could do this for a living. I think you should. I wish I could. You know, Delaney, when we've talked a lot about Tim Kelly and Titans new offensive coordinator, we heard a lot about tight ends and the things that he likes to do with tight ends as a tight end. Does that excite you? It's always exciting when you have an offensive coordinator who loves to give the ball to the tight ends, because I feel like the tight ends is sometimes the key point in the offense. You know, he's that blanket. He's that guy we need to look for for them quick first downs, but also blocking the run game. So just to give them place to be more explosive. I think that helps out the offense. All right, enough about the Titans. Let's talk about you for a second. What are you doing right now? I actually work for the NFL. I work for the Legends community. I'm a Legends coordinator. I deal with five year and out guys who are who are transitioning out of the NFL. So I try to help them get benefits and things like that. And you know, we do crisis calls. Try to walk you through some of the things that we have out there for players who are retired. That's an awesome way for you to get involved in a community that is part of a bigger fraternity that not everybody gets to be a part of. Very true. Very true. Well, that's what Delaney Walker is saying. And we appreciate you coming by to see us. Thank you. Enjoy practice. Now let's see what the Titans are saying. I'm excited. You know, we're a couple of weeks away from playing New Orleans. My skill set is just, you know, past Russian being a football player, you know, so I think just the coaches had faith in me to do that.  You know, we love being competitive, making each other better.  And we both want to win. So it's a lot of fun. I think we've got a lot out of it. A lot of guys got better. A lot of guys got a chance to make plays. We just all went out there and went to work. And I felt like it was a great day of practice. It brought out a lot of competition between the guys. And it's good competition. Yeah, but either way it goes. I always broke the rule for improvement. I always signed up and put in more work and jazz. Keep getting better. I'm excited about where we're at. You know, a lot of guys put in a lot of work, got a lot better over the course of training camp. From OTAs to mini-camp to training camp, I feel like we have put it together. Mike Keith, it's time to talk about what they're doing. And I think that we need to talk about a couple of position groups here. First up, the secondary. We've seen a lot of plays coming out of that part of the team. We've seen a lot of guys step up. What stood out to you? What they're doing is getting up in their business. And that's what we thought when the Titans brought Chris Harrison from Washington to coordinate the past defense and also coach the corners. He runs the entire secondary. When we saw the Titans play Washington last year, we were really impressed by the fact that in every situation, defensive backs for the Washington commanders made every completion hard. They challenged everything. They didn't break up every pass. They didn't intercept every pass, but they made it very, very difficult. And so far, that's what we've seen from Chris Harris' group to this point in camp and through two pre-season games. They're up in people's business celebrating, playing very aggressively and trying to challenge every pass as best they can. You hear how excited he is? That's because he just had the chance to talk to Chris Harris. We're going to share that with you right now. Chris, are they meeting the intensity that you want to see? They are. The guys come out. They come out to work every single day. So it's been a joy to work with those guys. I like to have fun. I like to run around. I like energy. And they're embracing that. I was going to say now, it seems like you get pretty fired up yourself. How tired are you at the end of a practice or a game? Oh, I'm drenched in sweat most days out there. I'm passionate about what I do. I love what I do. I think it kind of shows in the way I go about my business. And I just want our guys to play with passion because nothing great has ever come without passion. So that's what we're after. Were you more excited as a player or are you more excited now as a coach? That's a great question. I'm probably more excited as a coach now. Getting a chance to teach. I love teaching. It's kind of in my blood. Both of my parents were teachers. They're retired educators in Arkansas. And so I think I just got it naturally. And I love teaching and inspiring and connecting with guys. Got some good help too. Scott Booker first, coaching the safeties. What does he add? He's always prepared. There's no stone unturned when it comes to Book. He's always going to be prepared. He's always going to be extremely organized. And it's great to have somebody like that. Him as well as Justin, Jay Ham. He's got coordinator experience at the college level. He played the game. And so having him in the room as well, we've got a great compliment of coaches. I want to know about Justin Hamilton. He was the defensive coordinator at Virginia Tech. Took a year off. How did you convince him to come here? I don't think I had to do any convincing.  He really understands football as it comes natural to him. And he has a way of connecting with all the players. So it's been a beautiful thing to watch. And then from the leadership standpoint, do you start with Kevin Byrd? Because I think you probably certainly don't end there. Absolutely. We have a great group of leaders in our back end with Kevin being the guy.  And then when he came in for many camp, I was like, whoa, okay, seeing his leadership and a hook. I think hook has a great way of going about leading his way. And then Christian and SMB, those guys are really stepping up to the leadership role in the cornerback room. So it's been fun to watch. It's been a good maturation. The next position group that we need to talk about is the running backs. Now, Mike Keith, Derek Henry is still doing Derek Henry things. He will always do Derek Henry things. But there are other guys who are making plays in that group as well. Yeah. Tajé Spears is the one who really jumps out first and foremost. We've seen him at Chicago. We've seen him at Minnesota. We've seen him in the passing game. We understand his versatility. So Henry, who has had a very good camp, albeit quiet, because the Titans have sort of kept the bubble wrap on number 22. And then Spears, who's gotten more work and shows the versatility. Then what comes after that? Some injuries have opened up opportunities for guys like Julius Chestnut. He had 13 carries for 98 yards. And he caught a touchdown pass against Minnesota. Julius Chestnut has had a really, really nice start to camp as he's been given opportunities due to injuries to others. And you know, Mike, sometimes it's better to be lucky than good because we had Julius Chestnut mic'd up during his game against the Minnesota Vikings. Here's what we are posting at TennesseeTitans.com. You can catch his full wired for sound at TennesseeTitans.com or on the Titans app. And Mike Keith, this wraps up training camp. Titans Camp Rewind is done. Thank you for watching all four editions. We appreciate it. We hope to do more of it coming up in the future. We'd also appreciate it if you would listen to Amy and Dave McGuinness and Rhett Bryan and the entire group, including Ramon Foster, as we've got the broadcast of New England at Tennessee Friday evening from Nissan Stadium. You can hear it on your favorite Titans radio station beginning with Titans Countdown at 6 central. Kickoff is set for 7.15 central. It is going to be a warm one. Yes. Are you ready? Oh, I'm ready. All right. Bring it on. All right. We'll have a fan. Yeah. Don't worry. Good. For Amy Wells and our outstanding crew, I'm Mike Keith, thanking you for joining us for Titans Camp Rewind all during the month of August.


Vice Admiral William Burke addressed the House Armed Services Subcommittee on Readiness April 26th about the status of the Navy. He talked about the impact that sequestration has had on the force. Navy recommended changes to the FY13 Global Force Management Allocation Plan, or GIFMAP, including canceling deployments in the Pacific to Europe and to South America and reducing our flying hours and steaming days for non-deploying units. We reduced intermediate ship-level maintenance and deferred eight surface ship maintenance availabilities and reduced the scope of one availability. Leadership has made decisions in light of fiscal constraints with an emphasis on the ability to operate forward where it matters and that the Navy will be ready when it matters. From the Defense Media Activity, I'm Petty Officer James Stollepet.


Welcome to Talking Baseball's first mini-sode, mini-episode. You guys have heard us talking about this on the show, which is Monday to Friday, recapping the series that were. We're going to try to implement some mini-episodes, and this first one is what we're calling like sister cities. If your team's in contention, we took a deep dive. We looked at all the schedules that the team, your contending rival, is facing. So who do you have to root for?  Who's Oakland playing? Who do you need to root for? That's the idea. Jake, how are you doing today? I'm good, Jim. Yeah, when we normally set out to do Talking Baseball, we kind of thought there'd be a main topic every episode to dive into. Just covering the baseball has been great. Our episodes have been sneaking up on an hour and a half, and I think we're putting out good stuff. We're a little biased, but we've got some skin in the game now, Jim. We've been doing this podcast and stuff for a while that I think we know when we step away from something and we're like, OK, that was kind of sour, but Talking Baseball has been cruising, and we still have some fun topics we want to talk about. Sister Cities is one of them. I think we're going to have a, we'll revisit the trade deadline, and if you guys have ideas, reach out. I think stuff is going to organically come up, too, but yeah, and I think this is just going to be a fun way, as you well know, John. I don't know, Twitter's got this fun atmosphere kind of every week for us that when we play the Dodgers, we're going to interact with a bunch of Dodgers fans that we don't normally see. I mean, as we do more general baseball stuff, we have more fan bases, but it's fun interacting, and this could be a fun way. You know, we're going to reunite some fan bases that didn't even know they can be allies the rest of the season. Didn't even know. I'm going to open us up. Is that cool with you? That is more than cool with me. Do you want to do the whole AL? Do you want to kind of? No, no, I'm just going to do one team from the AL, and then we'll bounce it back and forth. All right. So I'm going to start with the Yankees because we're Yankees fans and we'll just get our bias on right away. Wow, dude, East Coast bias, bro. The Yankees have their division locked up. They're nine games up in the division. So the Reyes are in a threat. The Red Sox are in a threat. We don't need to worry about any of that. They are in a battle for best record in the AL against the Houston Astros, and they're also in a battle for best record in baseball against the Dodgers. So I went and looked at Houston schedule the rest of the way and the Dodgers schedule the rest of the way. We'll do Houston first. Okay. Houston schedule the rest of the way, Jake, is rather easy. They have seven games against the Los Angeles Anaheim, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, and they've owned LA, and LA is kind of not really, they still have talent on the roster, obviously. But if I'm a Yankees fan, I'm not counting on the Angels to do my bidding against the Houston Astros. They also have six against the Seattle Mariners. Same exact boat. I think they're like 12-1 against the Mariners this season. So I can't count on those. So I'm searching through Houston's schedule to find who's gonna give us wins. Now, this is all I got. They have three games at Toronto against the baby Blue Jays who I have labeled who they spawned this whole idea. I think the Blue Jays may spoil some teams. That's only three games. Now right after that, they do play two at Milwaukee, and the Brewers are gonna be playing for a lot more than just home field advantage. They're playing for their postseason birth. So that might be a stretch as a Yankees fan. I can say, damn, I hope those five games on the road, Toronto, and the Brewers can maybe give them a losing road trip. Maybe take four of the six. I doubt it, because Astros are very good. That's all you really got. They do have four remaining against Oakland who are also playing for their playoff birth, but Houston kind of has taken care of Oakland as well. So there's not much, man. Houston, I mean, you're gonna have to try and root for the Angels or Seattle, and I don't see that happening. I mean, the Astros versus the Angels, they're nine and three in Seattle. Like I said, they're 12 and one, and the other team is four against Oakland, and they're 10 and five against Oakland. Houston's got like a nice road. And Jim, I think something that I was trying to factor into the sister cities. And I told you before this that I went a little always sunny in Philadelphia reference, I went a little Pepe Silvia. I was trying to just do sister cities on the fly, and I would start connecting dots, and the whole thing got crazy in here. I think a lot of the teams you ruled out also need to partially ruled out because those teams are playing the Yankees. The Rangers are coming into town playing the Yankees, so is Anaheim. So that's almost a double elimination. Like if you're Houston, you can't root for them to get hot against the Yankees. Because if they get hot against the Yankees, they might think they could beat you in those games you have coming up. So I like that. So you're telling me as a Yankees fan, I gotta buddy up with Milwaukee and Toronto or something like that? Yeah, like that road stretch. I don't, you know, I'm not like putting any faith in the angels in Seattle, taking a bunch of games, doing any sort of damage from the Astros. Okay, that's fair. Let's pair up the Yankees and Milwaukee a little bit, because I think that's an easy one, because I think the Yankees have Toronto on there too. Jimmy, I think I've got a good pivot point from where you came from, because these teams have been compared all year. The Dodgers, because the Dodgers are in a very similar boat. They don't have anything going on in the division. I mean, they currently have a 19-and-a-half lead on the second place Diamondbacks. So for the Dodgers, for me, it's clearly a race with the Yankees. They have the NL locked up, so it's just that best record in baseball. So for the Dodgers, they're rooting, I had them rooting for the AL West. If you're a Dodgers fan, I think you just go whole West Coast pride. The Yankees have two series with Texas. They have one versus Oakland, and they have one versus LAA. So using your theory, yeah, Texas and LAA are outmatched. But you've got two series with Texas.  So I kind of like that pairing for them.  But Texas is the big winner if you're the Dodgers. So if you're the Dodgers, you're rooting for the AL West. Yeah. Primarily the Texas Rangers, if you're looking for that pure sister city. Yeah, so I don't have a pure sister city as Yankees fans rooting Dodgers interest. I was trying to find, who are they playing? The Dodgers have a very easy schedule the rest of the way, Jake, because they own their division. They have four against Arizona, six against Colorado, six against San Francisco. They have a lot of wins versus those teams, 10 and three versus Colorado, 10 and five versus Arizona, eight and five versus San Francisco. So you're not, I don't, I'm not counting on any of those teams. They have a road trip, three at Baltimore who suck, but maybe Baltimore's bats can take one or two, maybe one. They still won from the Verlander game. So maybe I can say, oh, come on, Baltimore, do that. And then right after that, three at the Mets and they're playing for something. So I think Yankees fans can root for the Mets to be hot during the Dodger stretch, but the Mets are kind of faltering right now. You're pairing up Yankees and Mets? No, it's not a true pairing. There's not a lot of true pairings here. Well, I've got a true pairing for you, Jim, and it's an ALNL pairing. And it's the team you just mentioned, the New York Mets. The New York Mets, I've got a friend for you. I've got a best friend for you. Wow. A sister even. So who's this best friend taken out? So the New York Mets are a sister city with the Cleveland Indians, Jim. Wow. Okay. Interested? The Cleveland Indians have three games against the Phillies and they have three games against the Nationals. So the two teams that the Mets are trying to catch up within their own division in the wild card, Cleveland's got six games, three apiece. So if you're the Mets, you don't play them. I'm assuming they played them earlier in the year, but you can just full out no consequences root for Cleveland. That's fun. Mets fans are Indians fans. Lindor? Oh my God, that big smile. And it's a historical reuniting because Indians lived on Manhattan and then the Metropolitan's came in, kicked them out, said this is our city now. So wow, we're really reuniting old rivalries. Yeah. I mean, it can be pretty historical. That's a good one. Mets fans are Indians fans. Yes. Because the Indians play three against Philly and three against Washington. Yes, sir. I like that. All right. Do you want to give us another one? Yeah, I can go again. And so Jim, maybe I'll cross a few off before we get there. So Atlanta, again, their only concern would be Washington. Yeah, it's like a half concern. Yeah, it's a half concern. And then you could kind of go Cleveland again. Washington has three at Minnesota. Those games are always a mess. So Atlanta is another one that it's tough to find a natural sister city for. So they've got a couple there. Let's see, what's one of my best sister cities here? Well, I think the team that needs to be talked about. And I don't know if we're, Jimmy, this is kind of my blue jays in the AL. I know we'll get there. But this is kind of what sparked sister cities for you. And it's the team that I think you originally linked up with. The San Diego Padres can make a lot of friends this end of the season. I feel like when Tate's got hurt, they kind of, they're off the gas pedal. So you're not wrong, but I'll say this, Jim. So A, the NL got messy because there's so many teams kind of in the wild card that a lot of, there is a lot of double elimination. Jim, in the final month of the season, the Padres and Diamondbacks play each other nine times. So that's a who cares ball? A little bit. I mean, Arizona still thinks they're in the race for the wild card. So if you're, yeah, man, they're four games out. And I think the Mets are three right now. So if we're three, they're four teams out. Right, but I mean, I'm sorry, Arizona, you guys aren't in the wild card race. I mean, if you count the Mets in, you kind of have to count Arizona in. The Mets have one team ahead of them or two teams ahead of them. Arizona has four teams ahead of them with a month left in the season. I'm not sure what you're looking at. The Mets are four games back. Arizona is four and a half games back. The Mets are a half game up in just that one team ahead. The Mets have the Phillies and the Cubs ahead of them. And the Brewers. Nope, the Brewers have 65 losses. The Mets have 64. Mets have 65 losses. I think this factored in tonight's games. Oh, you have tonight's game? OK. Yeah. So then they're tied with two ahead of them. I'm sorry. Shocked to hear Arizona still thinks they're in. Yeah, I mean, they're a half game back at the Mets right now. So they are not sister cities with the Padres. But in theory, any NL wild card team, if you're looking for a real death punch to Arizona, you could pair up with San Diego while you want. I mean, if you're looking to take a vacation after season. If you think Arizona is a threat, which I think zero of them do, you're a Padres fan. Woo. Damn, smoke from James. I'm going to send it right back to you.  Never thought I'd say it on the air. This is so the Rays and the Oakland A's are in a race for the second wild card in the American League. Yeah. And it's close, but I do think Cleveland or Minnesota, I think one will get the division and one will get the wild card. One could fall off. Who knows? They might beat each other up. But right now it's really the A's and the Rays. They don't play each other at all. So they have to have other people do their bidding. Oakland has a lot of sister cities and they have a really good one in Toronto Blue Jays. The Blue Jays have seven games against the Rays and some of them come in late September. I think they end the season in some of them. So if you are an Oakland A's fan, you are rooting for the Toronto Blue Jays to be hot and to finish the season strong and gunning for momentum going into the off season. And they're young and they're out to prove it, so that's good. The Rays have a tough stretch, Jake. They have their East Coast trip includes three versus Toronto, then two versus the Yankees, then four versus Boston. That's all in a row and Boston might play them hard because they're just mad. I think they might roll over. But they do have one West Coast trip, three at Texas and three in the Anaheim and East Coast teams hate West Coast trips. Very rarely do they go out there and just dominate. So even if the teams are a little lackluster, Texas and LA can help you out. The Rays have kind of a tough schedule to finish out the season, which helps out the Oakland A's, seven against Toronto. A's and Jays are teaming up against the Rays. A's and Jays against the Rays. That's what you're telling me. Yeah, and then the other side of that, since it's like a two team thing, Oakland, they play like no one, man. They have six games against Texas. That's your best bet. So the Rays count on Texas to do some damage. And but you're also, you're a fan of Houston because they have four games at Houston and the Oakland is five and 10 against Houston. Four more games. So you're rooting for Houston to sweep them in those four games. That's probably like your biggest root because that four game sweep could do damage. Okay. It's not that great, but Rays fans, you're rooting for Texas and Houston. So our biggest sister city so far, A's and Jays, Metz and Cleveland? Yeah, those are like really good ones. They match up. Okay, okay, I like that. And yeah, that's where this gets tricky because I mean, going down the stretch and it's the great part of baseball that we say the line so much now that I will always say that I stole from you, but baseball moves fast. There's so many of these series that are gonna be week to week, especially in the NL Central, which is just a mess because all of those teams play each other so much, including Pittsburgh, who plays all those top teams a lot. Jim, I do have another good one for you that I can lock in with A's, Jays and Metz and Cleveland. Jim, the San Diego Padres, they have a sister city. And I mentioned you could book a location, book a vacation after the season. If you're in this city, start booking it now.  Jim, the St. Louis Cardinals, your St. Louis Cardinals. San Diego, they have four against the Cubbies and they have four against Milwaukee. Wow. So that's kind of the Metz thing I was talking about before, the two teams that they're really racing with. San Diego, if they could put together a couple series against Chicago and Milwaukee, they can really help out St. Louis. So I think we've got a nice little pairing there. And I know you've been running into some Padres fans that got this chip on their shoulder. I think them teaming up with St. Louis would be good. St. Louis is a pure baseball town. I think those, yeah, two Saints, those fan bases getting together. I think that'd be big. St. Louis and St. Dad. Diego. St. Diego, teaming up. That's pretty good. So yeah, Cardinals fans are looking at the Padres and saying, bring that fire, because they play four against the Cubs, then they go to Colorado, they'll get the bats hot, and then they go four at Milwaukee.  That's fun. Enjoy it. Enjoy it, yeah. That's a fun one. I like that one. All right, so then I have Houston Astros. They're against the Yankees for best record in the AL. Yep. Dude, the Yankees schedule, they have six against Texas. The Yankees have not played Texas yet this season. Isn't that bizarre? Yeah, yeah. And they also have six against Toronto. So you can root for Toronto as well. Astros can root for Toronto. The Astros have three against Toronto, and the Yankees have six against Toronto. So you can kind of be a Toronto fan. Yeah, Jim, I'm gonna lump Houston and Texas because I think that's one of the better pairings we've had. And that's kind of fun because it is in division and I think Houston does have some games against Texas, but I think it's so much more important to them that if Texas could do something against the Yankees, that would be huge for Houston going for best record. And Jim, if you remember, I lived in Dallas for a little bit. Dallas and Houston kind of have a natural feud going, but it's one of those things like, there are a couple cities that are pretty similar that they choose to dislike each other. Like Dallas would be like, ah, Houston gets so muggy. And it's like, well, you know what, Dallas is pretty warm. I'll be honest with you. That mugginess is only so much of a factor. They're great barbecue in both places. I think that could be a really good uniting thing. Just for a couple weeks, just to grind out the season, the Dallas area and Houston can ally up. All right, that works. That works. I'm worried as a Yankees fan, because you always have that team where like, damn, we just can't beat this team this year. Last year for the Yankees, it was the Blue Jays. They just couldn't beat them. What if the Texas Rangers were that team for the Yankees? And they got six games left. We never faced them. What if they got our kryptonite? They could be. I mean, Lance Lynn Revenge Series, remember that Guzman guy at first base? He always kills the Yankees. I mean, yeah, you run into Mike Minor and Lance Lynn, the wrong series. You could be in a tough spot. So, okay, we're scaring ourselves with Sister Cities. Fun. So the last one I have in the AL is Cleveland and Minnesota are going against each other. It's their biggest thing that happens with those two teams is the games they play against each other. They have six games left against each other. Cleveland is seven and six so far in the season series. They've won one more game. So they both have three games against the Nationals.  It's like, damn, you know? So you're not rooting for the Nationals if you're Cleveland and Minnesota because you need to beat them as well. There's nothing really there. Their biggest rival is themselves. Is there anything more in the NL? I think I've got one more that's pretty bona fide. So, Jimmy, the Nationals, I mentioned, you know, I kind of got the central good. A lot of those teams just play each other so many times. And then the Dodgers in the West and you, Shatdown, Arizona's throw earlier. The only team that I think is remaining that is a pure sister city is for those Washington Nationals you just mentioned. And the big one they have going for them is Cincinnati. Washington and Sinsey, they can pair up. Cincinnati, kind of what I was mentioning before, they've got the inverse Mets thing going on. Cincinnati plays the Mets and the Phillies. So the two teams trying to hunt down Washington for the wild card and in the NLEs, they're gonna have to play Sinsey. So if you're Washington and Sinsey, you can, I think you could pair up and have a, talk pitching those two teams. The Washington, they've got all their pitchers. Cincinnati, they've got a pitching crew forming. Talk, everyone, if you're a Nationals fan or a Reds fan listening to this, go on Twitter, find the opposite fan base and talk some pitching. Be like, hey, check out Talking Baseball. We're friends now. Whoa, noodle. Oh my God.  Oakland A's fans are Toronto Blue Jays fans. And St. Louis Cardinals fans are San Diego Padres fans. Yep, and I was trying to put Dallas and Houston together. That might be a fight that's above me, but I used to be in that a little bit. So. I hate Houston because it's so hot, but I like Houston because it's so hot that they invented air conditioning in Houston, which is huge, one of the best inventions to ever be invented. Yeah, that's like a reverse backfire. What do you call that? Good. Just a win? It's a win. It was so hot that they invented air conditioning and we're all better for it. That's like a, that's like a Texas motto, taking a bad thing and turning into a win. Wow. Remember the Alamo. This was a mini episode. Sister Cities, you now have an ally. Go do what you gotta do. Make some friends. Yeah, go find, go find out.  Watch the other series. It's fun. It's hard to do in baseball, but do it. All right, that's the end of this one. Thank you guys for listening. We will be back on Friday morning, Friday afternoon with the series recap. And if you have any ideas for little episodes like this, tweet at us, get in touch. We appreciate it. See ya.