We shall take up the application of the Kuwait flow model. Kuwait flow model is a proxy for boundary layer flow model, but with a very drastic assumption, but which nonetheless helps us to assess what is the effect of property variations on mass transfer. So, in effect, you recall that we said that the recommended practice for property correction is to take the ratio of the molecular weight at the W state and the infinite state and raise it to a power. Today, we are going to look at that proposition whether there is any theoretical justification for that. So, what we will do is we will consider a mass transfer situation in which is certain gas is being injected into a laminar boundary layer of air and in the T state we have the gas. The gas may be pure in which case omega t will be 1 or it may be a mixture of air and the gas in which case omega t will be a fraction. We do the same thing for a turbulent boundary layer and in both these I shall show that the analytically derived result will actually show that the mass transfer coefficient G is in fact influenced by the molecular weight at infinity divided by the molecular weight at W state. Then finally, we will solve a practical problem in which there is a benzene evaporation in a convective environment. So, the main objective of application of the Kuwait flow model to convective mass transfer is really to study effect of fluid property variations. So, let us consider the first case of a let us say laminar Kuwait flow of air as it is shown here and in Kuwait flow as you know the velocity profile is assumed linear with velocity profile in Q infinity at a distance delta from the wall. There is a gas being injected here at the wall. So, consider a laminar Kuwait flow of air in which a gas with a specified omega gas T here omega is injected. Develop the relationship G by G star as a function of B when the gas is either CO2 or helium or hydrogen. Now, why we have chosen this is that the three gases is that molecular weight of CO2 is of course, 44 whereas, molecular weight of air is 29. Molecular weight of helium is 4 and that of hydrogen is 2. So, we can we have gases whose molecular weight is both higher or lower as well as lower than that of air. So, this is this will be a good case to see how the how do these property variations affect G over G star. So, in the Kuwait flow model all the derivatives with respect to x are 0. So, the mass conservation equation will give d rho u by d x equal to 0 which implies that d rho v by d y equal to 0 and which means that rho v is a constant with respect to y rho into v is constant with respect to y and therefore, n w the mass flux at the wall will be rho w v w equal to rho v equal to constant. Similarly, the species transfer equation which as you know is d by d x of rho u omega plus d by d y of rho v omega equal to d by d y of rho m d d omega by d y and since there is no chemical reaction there is no r term here, but since all the gradients here are neglected in the x direction. So, therefore, d by d x term vanishes and rho v is a constant equal to n w and therefore, we will have n w equal to d omega by d y equal to d by d y of rho m d d omega by d y that would be the scalar transport equation for the species omega g the gas species being injected n w d omega g by d y equal to d by d y rho m d d omega g by d y. Should I integrate that from 0 to y then you will see the left hand side will simply integrate to n w into omega g y minus omega g at w because n w is constant and this term will integrate to rho m d omega g by d y at y minus rho m d omega g by d y at the wall w. Now, we will replace this from the boundary condition at the wall and that is what is shown on the next slide. So, we know that n w is rho m d omega g d omega g by d y at w divided by omega g w minus omega g t and therefore, that quantity is simply n w into omega g w minus omega g t. So, if I substitute that in this expression here for that then you will see I will get n w into omega g y minus omega g w equal to the gradient diffusion here at the at any y minus this quantity which is n w into that denominator. So, you will see and omega g w gets cancelled on both sides and therefore, I have rho m d d omega g by d y at any y equal to n w into omega g y minus omega g t. Now, here d is constant we assume that the diffusivity is not going to be function of omega g also the pressure and temperatures are absolutely constant and therefore, there is which means this is a case of a pure injection of a gas there is no variation of temperature or pressure in the y direction and therefore, d will be constant, but the density will be function of the mass fractions because rho m is equal to p by r u t into molecular weight of the mixture and the molecular weight of the mixture is given by omega g over m g raise to minus 1 basically what I am saying is m mix sigma omega j m j raise to minus 1 and therefore, that will be equal to 1 over omega g divided by m g plus omega a divided by m a and that would be nothing but omega g over m g plus 1 minus omega g over m a which will transfer to m a m g divided by m a omega g plus 1 minus omega g into m g.   So, that is what I have got now I am going to integrate this from w to infinity state and likewise this from w to d y here from 0 to delta the integration will go from 0 to delta and this will then become n w p r u t delta divided by m g m a. So, that is what you will see on the slide here. Now, the left hand side which I have shown here in writing this would transform to a time this will be a quadratic like denominator a times omega g square plus b times omega g plus c that is what it will be and that is what I have written here.  So, the left hand side integration which is from wall state to infinity state and in the infinity state there is no gas there is pure air and therefore, that is 0 and the left hand side is integrates to 1 over under b square minus a c l n of 2 a omega g plus b minus b square minus 4 a c and likewise here with plus sign omega g w to 0 and therefore, you get 1 over m g omega g t into m a minus m g l n 1 plus b plus omega g t into b m a minus m g into minus 1 takes a little it is simply substituting a b and c in here and what would be b in the present case omega g infinity which is 0 minus omega g wall divided by omega g wall minus omega g t as usual which would be nothing but omega g w divided by omega g t minus omega g wall and what would be omega g therefore, omega g wall itself can be given as omega g t into b over 1 plus b we will make use of this relationship in the next slide. So, if you see so from the quick flow model we know that n w is equal to g b and I can replace r u t by p into m g as simply 1 over rho g well known and therefore, the right hand side will simply become g b delta divided by rho g m a d rho g m a d the m g part goes out r u t goes out and p goes out and therefore, you get and d is the diffusion coefficient which is which you said is constant. So, if I now integrate the left hand side and right hand sides then you will see I will get I can reformulate this as g delta divided by rho g into diffusivity is equal to m a by m g into l n 1 plus b star over b star where b star is actually given by b into 1 plus omega g t m a by m g minus 1 of course, there is a little algebra here in rearrangement of about 5 or 6 line and this is the modified driving force b star which is in if the properties were constant and we did not worry about molecular weight difference then m a by m g would be 1 and this term would simply cancel out also it shows that if omega g t was very very small let us say very very small fraction let us say let us say there are 0.1 or something like that then b star would simply equal b. So, the modified b star very much depends on the concentration of the gas being injected from the t state and therefore, g over g star would simply become l n 1 plus b star over b star g over g star of the variable property solution would be b over b star. I have written this equation for g when v is finite and g star as you know is when v is tending to 0 or b star is tending to 0 and therefore, g over g star of the variable property case would be l n 1 plus b star over b star is the answer to our problem. Now, g over g star of the constant property case would of course, be l n 1 plus b by b as you will recall we have done this several times before. So, here I have used v p and c p as subscripts to represent that this is a variable property solution whereas, this is a constant property solution. Now, let us see what does it imply. So, if we take the case in which omega g t is equal to 1 then what would be the g over g star versus b relationship. So, if b is equal to 0 then in the constant property case g over g star would be 1 and so it would be in the variable property case irrespective of the gas. Remember b star is a function of omega g t and the molecular weight of a and the gas. So, here I am considering the variable property solutions for carbon dioxide, helium and hydrogen and here I am considering the case of constant property where of course, the molecular weights do not matter. So, if b is equal to 0.25 then the constant property solutions go like that simply l n 1 plus b by b whereas, the variable property solutions go like that. So, you can see for CO 2 g over g star of the variable property is greater than g over g star of constant property throughout. Converse is the case when molecular weights are small that is helium has a molecular weight of 4 and you can see that g over g star under the variable property case is less than the values for constant property case and that is the reason why we worry about and you can see the difference increases as b increases. You can see it is 0.144 here for helium whereas, it is 0.462 factor of nearly 3 and the factor becomes even bigger when we go to hydrogen. In each of this case of course, I can what is implied here is omega g w. So, when omega g t is 1 and b is very very small then of course, omega g w is small, but it goes on increasing as b increases. So, the value of omega g at the wall goes on increasing with omega g t is equal to 1. So, you will see omega g t equal to 1 implies that the gas is the only transfer substance and b star would then be b into m a by m g because you will see that if omega g t is equal to 1 you will get 1 minus 1 cancels out and therefore, you will simply get b into m a by m g and that is what I have said here. So, b star is simply augmented by m a by m g. G over g star variable property of CO 2 is greater than g over g star because m CO 2 is greater than m a whereas, for helium and hydrogen this tend reverses and omega g w increases with b. So, we have shown that g over g star in a laminar boundary layer will be affected by m a by m g. Now, how is m a by m g related to m infinity by m w and that is what our interest is, but before we do that let us look at the value of omega g t being very very small. So, in this case b star almost equals b because as you will see here this is 0.01 very very small value and therefore, it will try to annihilate the effect of m a by m g to some extent and that is what we will see here. So, for example, for CO 2 you will see that the constant property and variable property solutions go almost same very very very little difference and so is the case with the variable hydrogen and helium. So, when omega g t is very very small apparently it does not matter whether we allow for variable properties or not. So, this is a very important deduction that we have got just a reminder that omega g t equal to 0.01 implies that the gas is in the transfer substance is a very very small fraction and the rest is air. So, all are very close to what the constant property solution will be. So, if you have a very weak concentration of the gas in the transfer substance stage then constant property solutions are quite valid only when the transfer gas is the only substance being transferred then you have to worry about correcting property corrections. Next slide now let us try and interpret m a by m g in terms of m mix infinity by m w.  This clearly shows the influence that of m mix w divided by m mix infinity on the value of g over g star c p b star over b would be given by that and the rest is this. Now, if omega g t is equal to 0 or tending to 0 then of course, b star is equal to b, but if omega g t is 1 then as you know b star is equal to b m a by m g. Now, here what I am trying to do is to simply show that how does m mix w and m mix infinity influences arise. For specific cases we have to find a proper property correction and therefore, in the in the Reynolds law model we had recommended that the constant property solutions be corrected by m mix w by m mix infinity. So, in laminar boundary layers we have shown that the ratio is indeed important. What about turbulent colloid flow? Now, in the turbulent colloid flow the scalar transport equation will be n w omega g minus omega g t equal to rho m into effective diffusivity into d omega g by d y and where rho m into d omega turbulent would be rho m into nu t ref may be a Schmidt number in the turbulent case. This is the effective the turbulent Schmidt number, but now from van der Roest model what would be nu t reference?   This would be the case the first expression is for when y plus is less than 26 the second expression where the mixing length becomes constant with respect to y, y plus is greater than 26. Now, what is this factor nu c times nu ref divided by u tau whole square c into nu ref divided by u tau square will be c times nu ref divided by u tau whole square will be c times nu ref square into u tau divided by u tau square is simply rho ref divided by tau wall and as you know tau wall will be mu times d u by d y at the wall, but that is equal to mu times c and therefore you will see c times nu ref square rho ref will divided by mu ref divided by c. So, c and c gets cancelled mu ref and rho ref gets cancelled with one nu ref and that will be equal to nu ref itself. So, that is what I have shown here at the bottom of the slide that this whole factor c nu ref whole square by u tau is nothing but nu ref itself. So, nu t ref the turbulent viscosity divided by density would be equal to the laminar viscosity divided by the density into these functions of y phi plus for y plus greater than 26 it will be simply a constant and therefore substituting for d t and rho m which is a function of omega g and therefore, y will have n w equal to omega g minus omega g t in this expression I am now replacing d t I will have and if I take rho m d common then I will get 1 plus nu t ref divided by turbulent Schmidt number divided by diffusion coefficient into omega d omega g by d y and if I were to substitute for nu t ref and also rho m first of all I will get d p m a by m g divided by r u t u tau by nu ref m a by omega g plus m g into 1 minus omega g into f into d omega g by d y plus and this big factor f is simply 1 plus s c by s t kappa y plus square this is a little algebra that is easy to perform. So, you will see that the f function will vary with y only for y plus less than 26, but would remain constant for y plus greater than 26. So, now if I transfer if I carry out the integration in just as I did in the previous case in which I bring omega g minus omega g t on this side and put it under d omega g by d y and integrate from 0 to delta plus then you will see if I take n w equal to g b and p by m g r u t equal to rho g again and u tau equal to u infinity under root c f x by 2 then the left hand side would be g over rho u infinity under root 2 by c f x Schmidt number into int where int is 0 to delta plus into d y plus by f which is means sorry which means I have simply transferred f on the left hand side with a multiplication d y plus and the right hand side would be m a by g into integration of all this and we have carried out this integration before for laminar boundary layer and it would remain the same it will be l n 1 plus b star over b star and b star would be b into 1 plus omega g t m a by m g minus 1. Now, taking a plus equal to 26 that is assuming a smooth wall and the turbulent Schmidt number equal to 0.9 this in this factor integrating factor can be integrated once for all because as you will see f is simply a function of y plus. So, one can integrate that depending on what the molecular weight is. So, the int is equal to 9.62 because remember the Schmidt number would be a function of molecular weight of the gas being injected you already know that I have given you the values of diffusion coefficient for CO2 and air. So, one can readily work out the Schmidt number. So, when Schmidt number is 0.96 which is for CO2 the int factor is 9.62, but for hydrogen and air it is 14.57 and for helium and air well almost 14.62 for both of them because the Schmidt number for both of them is 0.22. So, you can see that the factor int makes a significant contribution to the left hand side because it depress it reduces I mean it is 9.62 for CO2 and 14.57 for helium and hydrogen. So, as a result we can show now that GVP divided by rho GU infinity which is a kind of a mass transfer stanton number if you like into under root 2 by CFX into Schmidt number will be 1 over int into ln 1 plus B star by B star. Or I can say that GVP by G star variable property will divide by G over G star constant property will again be equal to ln 1 plus B star by B star into B over M. So, this result is again same as that for a laminar boundary layer this is because it is assumed that the value of int is the same for both constant property and variable property conditions. This is an assumption we have been making that these the mixing length distributions are not influenced by whether there is a mass transfer whether there is a property variation or there is not any the int factors remain the same both under variable and constant property conditions. The int factor simply give you resistance to mass transfer due to turbulence. So, noting that GVP is significantly influenced by integrating factor which is function of Schmidt number. So, the actual value of G over G star VP will be influenced by the Schmidt number. We now take up a problem benzene evaporates from the outer surface of a circular cylinder. So, let us say I have a circular cylinder like this on which benzene has been put and there is a cross flow across the across the cylinder and therefore, the benzene evaporates the approach velocity V infinity is 6 meters per second. Now, from experiments for the same case of flow over the cylinder heat transfer coefficient H cough has been determined to be equal to 85 watts per meter square kelvin and this is when there is V W is equal to 0. That means there is no mass no mass transfer from the wall, but in the present case because of the evaporation there will be mass transfer. But under this experiment being conducted without mass transfer gave H cough of 85 watts per meter square kelvin and here the B has been found to be 0.9 that is this is omega G infinity minus omega G W over omega G W minus omega G T has been found to be or in this case actually it is 1 simply is 0.9. So, allowing for property variation estimate N W N value of omega W. So, remember omega G infinity here is a 0 omega V W omega V W and omega G T being the only gas is minus mass. So, that is equal to 0.9 that is what is been given to you and that gives you omega V W equal to 0.4737 as the first answer that is what we want to get for omega W. And therefore, we take the mean concentration would be 0.2368 because remember omega G infinity is 0 and therefore, C P M would be 1.69 times mean specific heat that is been given to you plus 1.01 into 0.7632 which is the specific heat of air which gives you 1.171 kilojoules per kilogram kelvin. And hence the G star for this case is H cough V W equal to 0 divided by C P M would be 0.0726 kg per meter square second. Now, M mix infinity is 29 whereas, M mix W will be 0.4737 divided by 78 plus 0.4263 divided by 29 raise to minus 1 or 41.28. So, this is what we get as the mixture molecular weight in the W state. If we were to apply our Reynolds flow model with property corrections then you will see on this slide as you will see G over G V P over G star over G star C P would be ln 1 plus B divided by B into Prandtl by Schmidt number raise to 0.37 because the Nusselt number for pure heat transfer without any suction or blowing varies as Prandtl raise to 0.37. And this is a well known book by well known work of Zhukovsky's extensive work on flow over cylinders variety of Prandtl numbers with and without property variations. And the constant property solution correlation that Zhukovsky's has developed is Nus C P being proportional to 0.37 and therefore, the firstly we must allow for Prandtl and Schmidt number variations which are 0.71 and 1.71 as we calculated raise to 0.37 therefore, and then we must also allow for M mix infinity divided by M mix W we raise to minus 0.67. So, you get ln 1 plus 0.9 divided by 0.9 into 0.7 to 1 divided by 1.71 0.37 and M mix infinity is 29 and this value we just calculated. So, you get 0.6525 and as a result G V P will be G star which was calculated as H cop V W 0 divided by C P as 0.0726 multiplied by 6525 equal to 0.0474 kg per meter square second. So, this is what Reynolds flow model with property correction gives us. So, the effect of property variation is to reduce G V P compared to G C P. Now, let us see what Couette flow theory advises us and that is the calculation I have done on the next slide. So, if we follow the Couette flow theory which as you know is an approximate theory then in this case B star would be omega G T is equal to 1 M A by M G as you know is a for ben 29 and for benzene the molecular weight is the molecular weight for benzene is 78. So, you take 29 by 78 and put here 1 and calculate B star then you get 0.3346 and therefore, G over G star V P will be ln 1 plus B star over B star which is 0.8626. Now, under variable property conditions and with V W equal to 0 Zuckowski says that H cop V P will be H cop C P into Prandtl raise to 0.25. Therefore, G V P would be G star C P into 0.71 into 25 into 0.6626 equal to 0.0575. Now, this value is not the same as 0.474, but nonetheless it shows you this is greater than that, but it nonetheless shows you that our model is able to show that G V P will be smaller than G C P which is you know was only G star C P which is 0.0726 into 1 plus B by B only that factor would have come in. Therefore, our solution does show that Quirt flow model predicts the correct trend that G V P should be depressed compared to G C P so that is precisely what this result also shows to that extent Quirt flow model has justified the property correction recommended in the Reynolds flow model which of course, is based on solution of boundary layer equations the complete boundary layer equations under variety of conditions and therefore, we do not expect the correction derived from Quirt flow model to give us the same amount of reduction, but nonetheless it does show that there is a molecular weight effect or the effect of property variation is definitely to difference the variable property value of G. So, with this I conclude the discussion of Quirt flow in the next two lectures I will consider the application of Reynolds flow model to various problems.


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I love Jameson.  Where we are. That's true. You got a drink sometime it's Today we are on to episode D a family man season 2 The first episode if you haven't seen that go watch that It was I enjoyed that one. I thought I thought it picked up right where the at least the feel of season 1 Left it off and obviously you can tell it's gonna get real big the cinematography seems to have stepped up a notch The comedy is really good so far Just to let everybody know I forgot to mention the first one. We can only show five minutes of each episode on YouTube cut up So that's that's why you're seeing what you're seeing on YouTube is very little of you know hour-long episodes You only get five minutes. That's what Amazon allows So if you'd like to see our full uncut version, I always pin the patreon link In the comment below and it's in the description below if you'd like to see our full uncut reaction of every episode It's on patreon so go check that out. This one is called. What's this one called weapon? This is this one is called Weapon and I see a theme. I'm guessing each episode is gonna be one word Wait, hold on first one was called exile is that because he was exiled to like the corporate world. Do you think I? Think there were several things. He was exiled to the corporate world. He's been exiled by his wife Yeah, the The this government that wants to be recognized is exiled to millions for the most part, right? Okay. Yeah, okay That's what it is. Yeah Weapon means then his wife's gonna have a weapon and son's gonna have a weapon and Yeah, everybody's never weapon Probably yeah for sure. Yeah.  I hope he hits him in the face with his butt You know, I know it's a different show, but I do sometimes wish this series and it did sometimes But have as much gore as Mizapur I've loved the they didn't care. They just showed you the bullet hole in the guy's brain. It was amazing Yeah, and they did that skull shot off. They did that sometimes, but it happened all the time in Mizapur And I loved it. Yeah. All right. So here we go three two one We still haven't been introduced to Samantha. Have we if that's her name? Oh We also didn't comment very much, but the music the score has been really really good. Yeah It was last year, right? Yes Yeah, he was one of the key players last season But he was in Campbell all the time Now he was part of the terrorists, right? Oh, yeah He just pricked his hand with a poison is something After I'm done sexually harassing his employee What exactly do these perverts get out of that?     It's gonna be good. Don't do that.   She was gonna do that A lot I like her a lot and I'm pretty sure that is Confirm it here, but I'm pretty sure that's Samantha who we saw and we're impressed with in Rajasthan Elism if you guys don't know what the actual film title is neither do I You can figure it out yourself, but We I know we really liked her in that as well And I think we've seen her in something else. I just can't remember exactly what it was But yeah, she definitely left an impact in those last Few minutes there with obviously kicking that guy's Ass and beating him to a pulp as she should and then clearly she's part of that whole I Don't know exactly the name of the organization But the whole one from Tamil Nadu that are trying to like they're trying to be I don't yeah, I don't know exactly what the title of their their organization is do you No, okay. No, but they're just they're the group. That's like Exiled wants to be recognized as their own place and yeah It seems they're two millions, but I think they're in Chennai more than they're in Tamil Nadu. Don't you think I? Think Chennai is in Tamil Nadu It's just northeast of it That's nice. Chennai is a yeah a state But I think Chennai is a city. Yeah, I thought it was a city in Tamil Nadu. Well, Tamil Nadu is a state Oh, is it in that's what I'm saying is it in is Chennai in Tamil Nadu. That's what I was saying Yeah, I'm pretty sure it's in I'm double-checking. We might be you know morons. I just know it's on the south. It's on the southeast coast Chennai Is a cap Chennai is in the Bay of Bengal is a capital of the state of Tamil Nadu. Yeah, that's what I thought It's in Tamil Nadu So, yeah, I really like her I'm hoping they they give her a lot more screen time and a lot more We get to know a lot more about her character Because she had a she had a she had a really nice moment there at the end Very believable Not a surprise because the casting uniformly in every single TV series We've seen has been rock solid for for every character let alone the leads the leads are always fantastic Sad to see Subu go he was a really great face great presence But granted we didn't see him die And so I'm always weird of that one in in a show I didn't actually see him die, but it seems like his brother was pretty convinced that he was dead. So, you know Let's see Okay, it was called weapon She's the weapon she's the weapon you think Yeah, because her mantra at the end there specifically said and her dedication to her homeland and her people was that I am the weapon Yeah, some Samantha. Okay. What's her name Raji? Yes, okay. Yeah, that's her that's Samantha if I'm pretty some man Okay, I just I don't know if I'm like White anising the name and so I don't want to because it's it's it's a very It's a very common name here for for white girls. And so I don't I don't if I'm mispronouncing it Everybody there's there's there's Corbinizing and then there is white anising. That's true. Hollywood does that a lot if you don't know what I'm talking about But Yeah, so it's it's super interesting. There's a lot of angles. There's obviously they're still building up exactly what's going to happen because We didn't see a lot of monos in this especially the second half of it. He was hardly in it in the second half Yeah, and so we're gonna get him coming in I'm guessing via his daughter somehow Something yeah, something's gonna happen with his daughter.  I don't know what they're gonna do with her It wouldn't surprise me If like she's kidnapped or something and he goes back in for her and the wife is on board with him and He's actually telling her everything now about his work because it involves their daughter And then their intimacy that he just goes skyrocket through the roof Child abduction does make one horny. That's true Wow It's a show I'm making fun of a show calm down Calm down everybody calm down but But Yeah, I did I did enjoy this episode as well especially did keep especially towards the beginning with Obviously, that's where the humor comes from is Monos and his family for the most part is is where you get a lot of the humor From and I'm hoping they don't do what they did last year and kind of forget about the family element to this It in the second half of the season Which is what happened in the end of the first season Because I really enjoyed the the the moments with his family. It brings a whole different Style to the show that most of the other shows that we've seen haven't really Haven't really had that really comedic element And so I hope they don't lose that Yeah, I agree. What do you think's gonna happen? I do think something's gonna happen to the daughter and I think that's gonna be a rallying point for the family It's gonna bring him and his wife closer and I think it's gonna pull him back into full-blown working and he's gonna realize That's what he was made to do and that's what he loves to do and his wife's gonna realize That's what he loves to do and I think we're gonna see I'm really hoping the writing's been great I think we're gonna see the fur for Raji. I think that character is gonna be a very well-written character Yeah, I'm I'm really excited to see more of her. I'm hoping she's in Every single episode from here on out and we get a lot of her Because She's super super interesting. I like her a lot strong strong actor there So once again if you guys would like to see our full uncut Reactions head over to patreon and it's in the description and I put it in the pinned comment If you'd like to see our full hour-long uncut reaction that was just staring at the screen like this That's true we do drink as well So if you'd like to see those we are a few episodes ahead usually of YouTube if not done it just depends on Patreon already so if you want to go check those out do that thank you and My son's crying so I have to go check on that


Hey, Volante of Wikibon.org, and we've got our good friend in Kube alum, Oliver Busman, number one social CIO, right, on the planet, which is very active, thank you so much for having me. It's hard to believe that a European CIO can be the number one social CIO head of Google, and IBM, and Dell, and Cisco, huh? Quite interesting. Yeah. How'd that happen? Serendipitous? Yeah, no, you know, I experienced my experiences two or three years ago with, you know, putting Twitter messages out there, what we do in the enterprise mobility, let's say iPads and first thousand iPads, and then the analyst went crazy in the summer of 2010 and realized that we are the biggest of one of the largest iPad deployment, and I realized that at that time it's a white space, nobody's in the enterprise mobility. So, since then, I'm really updating, I have a blog out there that's one of the most visited in SAP, SAP Runs SAP, and so my numbers of followers are going up, almost five thousand people on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, and it's a super way to connect with peers, with analysts, press, media partners, so, you know, it's part of my day-to-day communication. People always ask us, they say, well, CIOs, they don't go on Twitter, do they? I say, well, yeah, actually, they do, they do, and I think, you know, I'm a proof point of that because I think there's a lot of good information to me because we, five percent of our portfolio is now innovation-related, that I'm in charge of everything in our mobility, in memory, cloud, analytics, we are the test driver, you pointed out last year you mentioned your own champion, which we now use versus golf, much more European. Much more elegant. Yeah, yeah. We run into SAP, you're looking at a little dashboard here that we built, no one has seen it publicly yet, but it's that analytics package that we wrote, it's real-time information around on-site, and it's trending items within our vertical, our analytics, big data, look at it, SAP. SAP, you know? SAP Cloud, SAP Cloud Management. It's trending because the active user base you have, one is employees, you know, a lot of employees have lost social DNA within the company, but you have a community, you have a lot of communities outside of SAP that are very active, your customers, your developers. Yeah. So you guys definitely come up on our radar, it's very active, and hence I think, you know, your blog and Twitter presence is authentic, and I think what we're seeing is the web around real-time information, authentic, original content is valued, no matter where the source comes from. Absolutely, because you know, I see more and more also looking at decision-making process that in enterprises that more and more folks are going out there on Twitter to try to listen to folks like me to get information, advice, and that's becoming more and more important instead of normal traditional publications. It's a real-time experience too. Absolutely. It's the beauty of it. It's not my instant gratification. Instant gratification, you build up your people that you follow, you get inside feedback what's going on, sometimes information that you would normally not be on your radar screen, and from that perspective, what I see, my communication behavior has changed. I see other people already changed in using that, and it should be part of the toolset of an executive. Let's talk about a conversation that's a little bit outside the scope of your message, and I think relevant to your job in this conversation on social and your presence there. When Dave and I were doing the QBIT NAB this year in Las Vegas, in Washington, in Broadcast, we talked about the business model of media, and that with the current environment along the lines of connected web that we live in, it's a direct business model. And one of the things we were postulating and are saying, we believe it to be true, is that it's a direct business model.  You guys have a massive infrastructure, you do your own media, we're doing TV here. This is a direct business model. The middleman is being taken away. So that's kind of, I guess, for us, trans spotters and early adopters, we see that, and the rest of the world is now getting that. From a platform perspective and from the tactics and exit strategy and tactics, what's the mindset to operate in this new world where you can go direct to your customers, you can go direct to your employees, you can go direct to your stakeholders, and you can also measure them, instrument them in real time. Never before has this really been possible. How do you think about it? How do you wrap that past concepts? I think the whole retime is you see totally different behaviors. And for me, I'll give you an example, one example is if you check your emails every five to ten minutes because you were crazy about it because real time is updated, it's easy to access, easy to consume. We see this now with business information. Accessing your sales information, your financial, you know and it will be expected going forward that you have to be on top of your business anytime, anywhere because it will be, it's already updated real time and it's easy to consume and easy to access. So a big change coming from a behavior perspective and you need the technical foundation for that to analyze those data in real time, giving the tools that easy to manage and the same way you also in the consumer business do that, I see similarity in the enterprise business and that's a complete change how you do business going forward. And the earlier you start with having the mobile mindset, having the understanding of what real time in-memory technology can do for your business and bringing those mega trends together, that's the winning formula. You're right, it's a huge change. It's supposed to hope. Run me a report and I'll get it later on this afternoon. That's over. That's history. I want to have, if you're in a meeting, you want to have instant access to the information and you want to have the latest information. And I know, even what I see already in certain user groups in SAP, they'll look at the numbers in meetings if they're, you know, or between meetings if they have 10, 20, the same behavior like emails and then move on and then they get a sense of what's going on if there's a shift in consumer in a certain marketplace in China or wherever. But they are aware of that and not a week later of the month. And that will be expected because the competition will be out there too.  You're like, wow, I never thought of that, that you're seeing, or maybe even ones that you thought would take off that haven't. Yeah, you know, I was, I was, I'm still surprised, you know, I met over 250 CEOs in the last 12 months that there's still discussion out there how can I enable iPhones, iPads, Android devices in the corporate environment. So the awareness that there is a new software category out there called mobile device management is still, they still need to educate out there because, and how can I embrace consumer technology in the enterprise business? I see there's a change but still, there's still opportunities out there. So what do you tell them in that situation? You know, tell them that there is a software category out there, there are SAPs in there, there are other players in there, and the first thing that I would do in going to the mobile business, which I definitely recommend if you look at 460 million smartphones devices sold last year versus 360 million desktop or laptop, there is a change really going on and you don't want to miss that bus going forward and this is something, if you need the infrastructure then you have the apps and then together. Well, I mean you're in a good position when you talk to a lot of CIO, what was the number you just mentioned? 250 CEOs, yeah. I mean that's phenomenal, okay. And also you're the luxury of SAP's infrastructure, which is global. Okay, so, and we were talking earlier on the tube here about mobile and now the footprint. And Shnabai mentioned in the Q&A that you know in developing countries it's an only mobile environment. What have you learned from your position both talking to your customers and CIOs and also out in the marketplace implementing stuff on behalf of SAP? What are you learning about the trends around mobile? Because they're diverse. Are the requirements different? Yeah, I think you know we had a panel discussion yesterday about mobilization and enterprise. We had folks from rural, from Europe, Asian pains from India and then from South Africa, the standard banks. And what we discovered is number one is mobile apps. It's a country specific topic. Second is sometimes a product specific topic. So you have to build that. So the third one is going business to come, it's a big topic now. It's not only internal users of mobile. Going directly to the customer, of our customers is the next big topic. But if you go that direction it has to be country specific, sometimes product specific. So there is no global apps out there. If you go that B2C business. Which is the direct business model we're talking about. Absolutely. That's the nerve on us. And one of the challenges there is infrastructure. Both. Infrastructure is depending on if the telecommunication infrastructure is there. So you have a discussion about online-offline capabilities. The second is the infrastructure from smartphone versus normal phones. And you know the cyber 365 platform comes in through the plate. And the third one is really a different customer needs and behaviors and cultures. And that is reflected in looking at the mobile apps. The question I wanted to ask you, and I'll ask Shinabe this too because I didn't get a chance to ask him in the Q and A because I only had one question that cut me off. The disruption is huge.  We love it. We totally endorse it. We philosophically agree with it. So that being said, the disruption is in two areas right now. Big data and analytics around cloud mobile and social. So cloud mobile and social pillars have changed the real rabid growth and disruption at both the C level, executive suite and developers. Bottom up and top down. So top and bottom approaches is around big data. Not a lot of big data last year. Some big data discussion this year. More. But SAP is a big data company. Your entire presentations has got big data. John called it big fast data last year. So you've got analytics to show on the dashboard. Okay, that's big data application. You've got mobile. You need big data there. Big data being defined as low latency, edge based, really rapid, fast, real time. So that being said, how do you address both those constituencies of C level and developers from where SAP was and where they are today and what they need to do in the future? Yeah, I think you're right. There's still a perception that it would be a traditional EOP company and this kind of innovation driving the in-memory technology. The big data is something that is now slowly getting out there and I think leading the industry. And from my perspective is to share the power of that technology, the in-memory technology, to explain that I think it will be key topics today and also going forward. And I want to give you a free example of how we use this internally. Number one is if you see that we have full visibility in what 4,000 people in CSR doing globally and interacting with the customer from opportunity management, 700 million records that we can look in there. The next level is we have 10 years historical data and we look at predictive analytics to see is the probability of a deal really 70% or based on historical data, maybe it's 50% or even higher. Or maybe 90, yeah. Or 90. And then the third dimension is if you add external information, what's going on in the marketplace about the customer that we can capture too, then we have another data point. So that's a huge explosion of possibility right now. And another example of how we do probability calculation as part of the quotient, it's set of 30 hours, it's now 4 hours. So again, it's working, but I think even lungizing the communities out there is still a good job. It's early, so it's very early worth of ground floor of this so it's a lot more headroom to come. One comment, we have also the first ERP system on HANA internally running in a test environment since the last two weeks. So there is whatever we saw two years ago what Hassel predicted four steps, side by side, business warehouses, new apps on HANA, and then the core system on HANA. All four steps are coming through. Let me ask you a question about Hassel. He's going to come on the queue here shortly. He's a legend. I'm just a young buck compared to him. But he's done a lot of great things chasing big ideas. What should we ask him? What do you think people would be interested in asking him about? I think you could ask him what he believes is the next mega trend after the in-memory. Or maybe what's the next evolutionary step? He laid out the four steps two years ago. Maybe the question could be what's step number five and six we don't know or what he didn't share so far. Because his prediction in 2010 in May about the four steps are really coming in full execution right now. And I think it would be fun to hear what he believes. And he has a close relationship to university. He has the Hassel-Platten Institute in Germany. And a lot of folks are now researching on that. It would be really interesting to hear what's step five and six. Why is he doing this?  But internally, people must be pretty excited. He could do whatever he wants. He could play golf all day long. He could probably just play a few rounds here and there. Drive fast cars. He's got the institutes, he's got his playground. He's got a lot of, he made a lot of money. He's very successful. Why is he doing this here? I think you have to look back at, you know, he founded that company 40 years ago. And it's almost your baby. And you want to see that his baby is growing and it's the next level that you want to reach. And if you're passionate about that, you cannot... Is it baby? Is it baby? Yeah, compared to, you know, you don't want to lose contact and you will see this more succeeding and more successful. Okay, so we're getting the signal here. So final question for you is, share with the folks out there. What's on your radar this year and beyond? Okay, looking forward, I'll see apps. We've heard the innovation areas that Shinabe talked about. But outside of that, or within those conflicts, what's on your radar for this year to do? And on a personal note... I think watching what's going on in the consumer business is part of my agenda now. I've been to CAS, been to Mobile World Congress in Barcelona to see what kind of new devices are out there and see how can we use this internally. Because I know that our users are also consumer and they will have experiences that are coming in our business. The number two is definitely to bring that in memory story to a full completion with this ERP on HANA. It's something that I'm really committed on. And the third is, whatever is going on on the cloud side, moving my organization to get cloud ready because more and more cloud services we will deploy and transform the IT organization to enable those cloud services. That will be a big job because there are new jobs out there. The final point I want to quickly end on is, what's your perspective or do you have a perspective on the gamification? I have a 16-year-old son and my youngest son is 10. They're on Xbox, there's new virtual spaces. It's changing the collaboration concept. You guys have been in that collaboration business and you have a lot of social media. Do you have a perspective on this new generation of gamers and you've got social games, you've got multiplayer games? What does it mean? From your perspective, how do you see that environment involving? Is gamification going to move into business? You mentioned email checking stats. It's for us already the case. If you look at our SCN, our mentor program, we have a lot of active blockers and Twitter folks and they get qualified to become the best top mentors and they have access then based on that qualification to SNARBER, to the board, to product guys. I think it's working. Do you think gaming is the future of work, the environment of multiplayer gaming? Yeah, I think besides the financial aspect, maybe this whole fun, having fun gaming experience is another motivation driver, motivational driver to put more effort into your work. It's got interaction, social... Absolutely. People are the new generation. They get that report. The original generation vibe, they're now having building up their experience and I'm pretty sure this is something that we have to reflect in our enterprise business. Great conversation, provocative, factual, expert testimony here inside the cube. This is what it's all about, to have the thought leaders and have this kind of conversation. Thank you for coming inside the cube. We'll be right back with the next guest. At SAP CIO in case you want to follow all of her. SAP CIO. Correct. SAP CIO on Twitter, on his blog. Thanks for watching. We'll be right back with our next segment. The co-founder of SAP is going to come on the legend himself. Stay tuned for that. We'll be right back after this break.


I'm Marcia Joyner and we are navigating the journey and today we are journey our journey is right here in Honolulu and we are going to visit with Della Albalates she's a dear friend and all of you that have been watching you know I only talk to dear friends and she is the majority leader in the House of Representatives and this time the time is right now we are in what we're calling election season since we the state voted a couple of years ago they were head of the curve that we would do all mail-in voting balloting and it we did it for the primary and it worked wonderful it's the largest turnout we've had since childhood so so we're going to meet with Della today representative Della Albalates and we'll talk about the legislature and this voting season and what the legislature does and how it does it so welcome welcome Della thank you for taking the time to be with us thank you for having me Marcia I always enjoy speaking with you oh you're so sweet didn't I tell you people that I only talked to your friends but so talk tell us about Della so I was elected in 2006 I am also a practicing civil rights attorney so I'm a legislator and an attorney I have two beautiful daughters and a wonderful partner in life who makes sure that I stay on track I just I feel very privileged to have served in the state house for close to 14 years and I have the very special privilege of serving as the house majority leader now so you've had other positions within the hierarchy so what what do these different position other than the speaker I know what the speaker the house does but what are these other positions what so sure as house majority leader I get to represent the caucus I help to shape the agenda it's a lot of working with other chairs and advancing priorities of the caucus and it's really just helping to advance all of the legislation on behalf of the state of the of Hawaii in addition to that I mean I am just a simple I just have one vote as well I am a state representative I represent urban Honolulu, Makiki, Tatlis, Papakalea areas and so I'm just one more voice amongst the 51 representatives in the state house of representatives so you mentioned caucus the different caucus what what is a caucus so caucus is a collection of members for you know gathering because they have certain interest in common the biggest caucus is the majority caucus and it's all the elected Democrats in the house we have a minority caucus that's the Republicans we also have subject matter caucuses so for example you've heard a lot about the Kapuna caucus the Hawaii women's legislative caucus the Keiki caucus and so those tend to be bipartisan groups and we focus around certain issues so for example for the Hawaii women's legislative caucus we've been leaders on advancing legislation to stop domestic violence title 9 legislation in the vein of supporting and making sure women have equal opportunities in educational settings so there are those types of caucuses so there's lots of ways that we kind of cut and parse ourselves out but at the end of the day in the state house it comes down to the 51 representatives on the state floor and we each get a single vote now 51 that is one from each district in the state the whole state yes and you know speaker psyche has been very eloquent in saying this you know he really believes that the state house is the house of the people because me as the elected officials really represent almost the smallest unit of government the smallest district senators typically represent three times as many people city councils also represent larger groups so really the house members are very much connected to their communities and they are probably the closest representative in this elected democracy that we have yeah I know my the person that represents my district he answers his own phone in the office you call the answers the phone you know my favorite part of being represented is when I can go to the food land and I see my neighbors and they recognize me and we have a conversation so it's really quite wonderful it is it is and what because it's a smaller group like you said the city council is huge and one day I'm going to get up enough energy to I'll come back to you and sue the city and and no in 1908 when it became a city when they incorporated the city and county of Honolulu there were eight in the county whatever they call it eight members here we are 2020 and there's nine don't you think we ought to have more more representatives probably so yeah to to increase by one since 1908 just something wrong but that's a different story we'll come back to them some other time okay now so back to the house representatives it is you are created just like the feds right there's the executive legislative and the council or whatever the judicial judicial yeah yeah so in the in our legislative branch we have two houses the house of representatives which which has 51 members like I said and then the Senate which has 25 members so it's a larger body or it's a smaller body that represents larger districts we are bicameral so when legislation moves through the house and the Senate during the legislative process it has to pass both houses and it has to get agreement from both houses and then once a bill is agreed upon if there are any differences then there has to be a conference committee so that's how we work and then the Senate in particular has different jobs they also confirm judges and confirm appointments in the executive branch we don't have that task as the as the house what you got enough to do okay let's let's go back a bill how does how does it become law where does it begin middle and I know I know and everybody hears about days to cross over and like nobody ever knows what it is except that everybody knows oh this is crossover so tell us if I had an idea and I come to Della and I say I think this should be a law how do we make it a bill and how does it move so you actually hit it right on the head Marsha the bill starts with an idea and really it can start anywhere in the community and I think I'm gonna actually go one step back what's really important is that right now right now before session starts so in October November December is the time when community groups and stakeholders are really thinking about what do I want to introduce what is the idea I have that I want to introduce so you can be talking to legislators like me now sharing your ideas and then what happens is in January in our system of government the only way an idea becomes a bill that can become a law is it has to be introduced by a state senator or a state representative we do not have initiative in our in our state and and I think that has certain implications I don't support initiative typically because it can create some large problems at times so really in our state we have chosen to make sure that it's through your state representatives and state senators that you can introduce a bill now that's where after the introduction that's the easy part it gets a little bit more complicated because bills ideas have to be heard in both houses so they go through a process where they're they're introduced in in both houses and they maybe the same content they go through the committees typically three readings on each side and they might get changed and then they cross over so like how you said they cross over from House to Senate and Senate to House and then what happens is it goes through another process and so we start off typically with 3,000 bills by the end of this process after crossover and the final readings in both houses we will whittle it down to about maybe 300 bills by the end of the session now that it doesn't just end there so after both houses hear it if there are still differences then we go into a process called conference committee and in conference committee we have smaller groups of Senate senators and representatives who negotiate over the final language of the bill and then it still doesn't end there because there has to be a final reading of the exact same bill by both house and Senate so once that happens we have a bill that's been passed it goes to the governor it still doesn't end there once it goes to the governor he can have an opportunity to vet it to see did we make any mistakes does he have any grave reservations and then he can veto it and the final check and balance is that if the governor vetoes it and if enough members of the House and Senate say no governor we don't agree with you we can override the veto so it's quite a long process typically from January through maybe July we end in May and the governor can review the bill until about July now that's in a typical year but this past year was a little bit different we had a session that extended into June so the governor actually didn't finish reviewing our bills until early late August early September and so those finally got got they went through the process of veto and there were no vetoes or there were some vetoes but there were no veto overrides this year so we still follow that same process it just got a little bit extended because of the pandemic this year now you mentioned we talked about it three thousand bills obviously oh your session though is broken into two right yeah yeah beginning in January until May then you have a recess and then you come back in January and complete those session is that correct so we have what's called a biennium yeah every every two years is sort of like a block right and for the state representatives representatives get up for election every two years so we deal so for representatives we deal in like two year blocks and what happens is the budget is also a biennium budget so typically in the first year of the biennium we pass the executive budget and then in the second year of the biennium that's when we do the supplemental budget and so that's that's a different kind of bill that actually goes through all of the same processes but it's the larger basic you know operating budget of the state so that that that is a very important bill to lots of people okay so if you have 2500 bills the first coming this January and everybody shows up everybody's caucus has a bill everybody's got something okay so you put that in the hopper then some of those die and some of those are carried over to the next session now so in between do we get to come in with new bills yes oh my god so that's how you get I know last year it was three thousand but it's 51 people reading three thousand bills just it boggles the mind so the way we do it and this is what's great I think about our system of government is we have a system of committees right so it's close to impossible for anyone to read every single bill but through the committee system what happens is depending upon the subject matter a bill is assigned different committees and different committees review it for different reasons so for example a bill that say about minimum wage first goes through the labor committee because that's the most relevant subject matter but then it eventually may go to the finance committee because it has fiscal implications and so that's how we deal with it we take little but bite-sized chunks of it and we look at them and then some bills never ever get past the first committee so that's one way which we kind of whittle it down to the very very very most important bills I also think that this speaks to the fact that you know bills sometimes get introduced and reintroduced over a number of years and honestly sometimes it's it's it's very rare for a bill to get passed in the very first year that it's introduced it can happen but typically larger bills that have really huge implications I mean you and I have seen this right it happened with the aid in dying bill it happened with Canada there are bills that don't get passed for decades now we shouldn't leave it for that long but at times you know it's a reflection that our communities are changing and the values are changing and people's ideas are changing so I think that's one of the beauties of democracy you can keep coming back and we can keep working on these ideas until we gain greater acceptance of it and then we can pass really good policies okay let's go back to the beginning so I show up in your office with my type this is my idea and I say here this is what I want do you send that off to somebody to refine it to make sure the language is correct and all of those kinds of things yes and then decides where it goes with committees sure so we have drafting agencies that help us draft bills and that's it's it's more arcane it's more technical we have to write bills in certain ways so that's we gave it to the drafting agencies when bills get reported out and they're given a number then what happens is in each chamber the leadership has a process where they decide who gets or what bills get assigned to what committees it's called the referral process so in the house the way that we've done it here in the house is that a smaller group of more senior house leaders review each of those bills so we quickly look at it look at the description and over a period of about probably a week we get the referrals out we are actually trying to work faster than that because you know our legislative cycle is very fast so we have only 60 legislative days and if bills don't get the proper hearings depending upon their referrals then they can die so it's really important that the referral process we try to be quick about it and so that's and that's and that's what what happens so but you have the is that the lrb or whatever it's called those are our drafting agencies our lrb legislative reference bureau the house majority staff office and the house minority staff office there is another way that bills cannot get introduced before we leave this Marsha the governor is allowed to submit a package of bills and typically he submits his budget so those bills get introduced by the house speaker and the senate president oh and then they go through the same process so as a courtesy to the governor's office the house speaker and the senate president introduce the governor's package of bills do they work together on that or is that separate the house no it's typically the governor's office does it there their government agencies do it on their own and it's just a courtesy we just introduced those bills as written yeah you know I'm saying this what I meant to say is do you as the house presented and does the senate present it or is it one do you come together to present the governor's package it gets introduced both on the house and the senate side yeah okay and so now that we've got this bill let's okay so we're Democrats the Democratic Party says I had we had this is what our people think is important this year and this is what we voted on so here's the package then what happens and I mean not I'm saying the Democrats because that's what I know but I'm sure the Republicans do the same thing what happens then when you have this this package as it's called sure so after the committee assignments are referred then the committee chair people the chairperson gets to decide which bills will be heard now members can lobby the chair to hear certain bills and then typically when it gets heard that's when bills get changed amended anybody can come in and provide testimony during the hearing of a bill and that's when you'll see changes being made now you know you mentioned the Democratic Party there's lots of groups out there caucuses that's what I'm saying that because that's what I know but I'm certain other groups doing the same thing yeah so everyone and anybody can come in and basically lobby the legislators for what bill they want and then we go through the amending process and then you know bills get changed bills get changed so it's really important for members of the public to keep engaged and then as bills change to continue to provide testimony because as some people have said it's not a sprint it's a marathon you have to go from January to May and lots of things lots and lots of things can happen with a bill in just a few months now we hear a lot about especially and in in Washington DC about lobbyist what is a lobbyist now I I'm not but you know that I will follow a bill to forever what is the lobbyist so a lobbyist is typically an advocate for an issue a group and they there's different types of lobbyists there's the paid lobbyist right you know the person that's their job so they're working to advocate and they can be working for all kinds of groups you know there's corporations that hire lobbyists there's community citizen groups that hire lobbyists there's nonprofit organizations that hire lobbyists so you can anybody can hire lobbyists I think there's also what you call a citizen lobbyist you know any member of the public particularly in the state of Hawaii can essentially write to their legislator email their legislator call their legislators offices and basically say this is what I think about a bill so you have you know regular citizen lobbyists Marcia we consider you're a professional citizen lobbyist professional citizen lobbyist you can come in and that's how people affect legislation and you know in this day and age where social media is allowing us to really connect with all kinds of people I would say that there's lots of people who now can get engaged at different levels in the legislative process so for me the word lobbyist is not a dirty word it's it's a word that's meant to be you're engaged in the process and how are you trying to change and influence it I know some people have a problem with the word lobbyist but you know what everyone has the opportunity to weigh in and that's what's great about our system and can we talk about the budget sure okay now you know I'm I'm the world's worst but I do know that the state depends on the tax and with all of the hotels closed what are we doing about that hole in the income so I will say that this is like no other time that I've experienced in state government and it's not just the TAT the transient accommodation tax right that's the tourist tax that you're talking about right GET our general excise revenues tax which is the broadest tax that allows us to really have lots of funds to be able to pay for all of the important government services we need you know things like roads public schools highways hospitals all of that is paid with taxes we are in a very very serious situation when we have an economy that is virtually three-quarter shut down when we don't have tourism coming in so next year is going to be a very very challenging year where we are going to be chasing down hundreds of millions of dollars to fill and it's having huge implications on what we'll be able to do so it's very it's actually very scary it is very scary people are concerned about critical essential services being cut and so that is that is it's a reality I think we are though in this opportunity you know I really hope that the federal government can provide more guidance we really need help with making sure that vaccines when they are available are you know given to all states we really need to have to figure out a way to reopen our economy and that takes national leadership at the state level we're trying to do that as well we are looking for looking for ways in which to reopen our economy but we know from the studies done by the University of Hawaii economic research organization you hear oh that our economy is taking a huge hit right now and that is very concerning yes it is it is when we look at the empty streets and when you listen to the morning news and it used to be oh 40 minutes from my house to town which is only 17 miles and now when they talk about the traffic oh it's 15 20 minutes you know it's so different and everything's different because we're not going to go back to yesterday so now I've heard so many people say they and I saw a survey said 80% did not want tourism to come back what else can we do how do we should plan what what else is there anything else any other industry so I think first we have to recognize that some degree of tourism has to come back and this is actually the opportunity in the time to talk about how do we manage tourism better how do we create the tourism economy that we want that isn't seven million people every year but that's more manageable so on that issue what I would encourage is the Hawaii tourism authority is circulating these regional management plans asking the people of Hawaii what do you want tourism to look like what should it look like and I think that's a really wonderful opportunity that this pandemic is presenting us now with that said we shouldn't just rely on tourism I think this you know people have said never waste a good crisis this is clearly an opportunity once in a century for us to reexamine what we are doing and how we can do better so I take heart in the fact that you know we have some manufacturing that is starting to gear up and the legislature the state house in particular you know all the things that we need to manufacture now because we are in a pandemic there are industries small businesses that are doing amazing things right now and we need to see how we can help them we are facing huge questions about our food supply system and so we have amazing amazing farmers who can innovate now and work towards making sure they grow the food that we need here in the state of Hawaii we have chefs who are out of work we have small businesses and small restaurants that are closed down we need to figure out how that economy can get restarted around the local needs so I take heart in that but I would also just keep going back to you know you talk to these small businesses that do rely on tourism we need to figure out what kind of tourism it is that we want because otherwise we will lose many many many of our small businesses and restaurants well finally I think I would add just one more thing I think there's a lot of creative industries that are now seeding themselves you know we hear people talk about the creative arts we hear people talking more about teleworking telecommunity you know we are doing things now differently and there is this opportunity to look at how we are restructuring ourselves so that can we shift people into better higher paying jobs telehealth has gone you know has skyrocketed and we remember yeah if you remember it took us two years to get that bill passed yep so before the pandemic we had demands for health care workers we still have demands for health care workers we still need to fill those workforce shortages so now is a great time that if people are unemployed if they can upskill if they can if you know if you were a janitor at a hotel if you wanted to now become a janitor at a hospital is there other different things you need to learn or can you can you if you were a nurse's aid somewhere maybe can you go back to nursing school and upskill yourself this is the opportunity to do that we are just about out of time oh no yes yeah it does it goes so fast but thank you for spending this time with us and we will continue this discussion and the speaker of the house Scott Psyche says that we will have a legislator on the first Wednesday of each month so we can talk about what's going on with the legislature especially as we get into the bill process absolutely so thank you again and we will talk to you soon all right thank you Marsha thank you all think Tech-O-A you guys are fantastic loha


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss how to determine an explicit expression, a recursion, and steps for calculation from context and combine standard function types using arithmetic operations. For this, let us see an illustration. In this illustration, we will determine the explicit expression as well as the recursion process. And the illustration is, suppose there are 3000 fish currently in the pond, 1000 fish are abit at the end of each year, the population of fish decreases each year by 20%. Now first we will derive recursion process for this illustration. Now in recursion, we find each term in the sequence by using the previous terms when the first term or initial term or initial value is known. Now we know that initial population of fish is equal to 3000 that is P0 is equal to 3000. Now that population of fish after one year is equal to P1. Now we know that 1000 fish are abit at the end of each year and the population of fish decreases each year by 20%. So using these conditions, we will find the population of fish after one year. Now since after one year the population 3000 is decreased by 20%, so after one year remaining population will be 3000 minus 20% of 3000. Also 1000 fish are added to the remaining population, so population after one year that is P1 is equal to 3000 minus 20% of 3000 the whole plus 1000. So this is equal to 3000 minus 20% upon 100 into 3000 the whole plus 1000. Now from these two terms taking 3000 common, so it will be 3000 into 1 minus 20% upon 100 the whole plus 1000. And this is equal to 3000 into 1 minus 0.2 the whole plus 1000 which is equal to 3000 into 0.8 the whole plus 1000. And this is equal to 3000 into 0.8 is 2400 plus 1000 which is equal to 3400. Therefore population of fish after one year that is P1 is equal to 3400. So now population is 3400 in similar way the population after will be P2 which is equal to 3400 into 0.8 plus 1000 which is equal to 2720 plus 1000. That is equal to 3720 now population is 3720 so population next year that is the population after three years will be P3 which is equal to 3720 into 0.8 plus 1000 that is equal to 2976 plus 1000 which is equal to 3976. So we have the following populations year after year P0 is equal to 3000 then P1 is equal to 3000 into 0.8 plus 1000 which is equal to 3400. This can also be written as P1 is equal to P0 that is 3000 into 0.8 plus 1000 now P2 is equal to 3400 into 0.8 plus 1000 which is equal to 3720. And this can be written as P2 is equal to now where you can see P1 is equal to 3400. So here we can write P1 into 0.8 plus 1000 also we have P3 is equal to 3720 into 0.8 plus 1000 which is equal to 3976. So here we can write it as P3 is equal to P2 into 0.8 plus 1000 now continuing like this after 10 years we have population Pn is equal to Pn minus 1 into 0.8 plus 1000 where Pn minus 1 previous year population so we have got recursive formula P0 is equal to 3000 Pn is equal to Pn minus 1 into 0.8 plus 1000. Now here we will derive the explicit formula for this illustration. Now explicit expression or explicit formula answers how to calculate any term of the sequence without calculating previous terms. Now here we have current population of fish which is equal to 3000 and we have given this population decreases each year by 20%. So here we have given decay rate that is r is equal to 20% so decreasing factor of population will be b that is equal to 1 minus r the whole. That is b is equal to 1 minus 20% the whole which is equal to 1 minus 20 upon 100 the whole which is equal to 1 minus 0.2 the whole that is equal to 0.8. So b is equal to 0.8 now let T be the number of years then population P after T years will be an exponential function given by P is equal to a into v raised to power T plus k of P is equal to a into now we have found the value of b that is 0.8 so P is equal to a into 0.8 raised to power T plus k. Now we have given that population decreases by 20% each year and later 1000 is added every year here we cannot directly take initial population to be 3000 in the equation. Now to find values of a and k we will make use of initial conditions by 1 P is equal to 0 the population P is equal to 3000. Now here let us take this as equation number 1 now let this be condition number 1 so when T is equal to 0 population P is equal to 3000. Now the next year population will be 3400 as we have shown it earlier while deriving the recursive relation so when T is equal to 1 the population P is equal to 3400 now let this be condition 2. Now using condition 1 and condition 2 we will find values of a and k from equation 1 now this is equation number 1 so let us put T is equal to 0 and P is equal to 3000 in equation 1 so we get 3000 is equal to a into 0.8 raised to power 0 plus k. Now this implies 3000 is equal to into now 0.8 raised to power 0 is 1 so a into 1 is a plus k now let this be equation number 2 now let us put T is equal to 1 and P is equal to 3400 in equation 1 400 is equal to a into 0.8 raised to power 1 plus k now this implies 3400 is equal to 0.8 into a plus k now let this be equation number 3 now solving equation number 2 and 3 we get equal to minus 2000 and k is equal to 5000 now we will put these values in equation number 1 so putting is equal to minus 2000 k is equal to 5000 in equation 1 we get P is equal to minus 2000 into 0.8 raised to power T plus 5000 So using this formula you can find the population of fish in the ground after any years now suppose we want to find population after formulas simply we put T is equal to 4 in this formula and we have T is equal to minus 2000 into 0.8 raised to power 4 plus 5000 so this is equal to minus 2000 into 0.4096 5000 now on solving this is equal to minus 819.2 plus 5000 which is equal to 4118.8 which is approximately equal to 4181 so the population of fish in plant after 4 years is equal to 4181 now in the above illustration we can see that we have combined an exponential decay function with a constant function given by k using arithmetic operation so in this session we have discussed all the measurement and explicit expression, a recursion process, operation from context and combined using arithmetic operations and this completes our session hope you all have enjoyed the session


So there have been reports flying around the internet today saying that Raven's pending free agent outside linebacker Matt Judon is asking for at least $20 million per year. And from reading a lot of Raven's fans' responses to that, they were like, no way, Jose. But one of the most important responses came directly from Matt Judon himself. Let's see what he had to say. You two team keeping clean. These are some of my favorite scenarios. When there are rumors that start to fly around about a particular player and they get shut down not by his agent, not by a reporter, but by the actual player themselves. Let's see what Matt Judon had to say about this. So Matt Judon let it be known like, hey, that report was false. He said, y'all gotta stop lying, get out of my DMs with all that. But on the other hand, he didn't say, but 20M? Okay. Now we talking. But I remember when the report first came out and I saw it, I was like, okay, I didn't get mad about it. I didn't get upset. I wasn't like, oh, man, Matt Judon, he doesn't deserve that money. Now while I don't think the Ravens would pay him, I know the Ravens wouldn't pay him that money. If he can get it from somewhere else, go get it. Go get it. I don't see how people have a problem with players trying to get the most out of the NFL because you know, certainly the NFL tries to get the most out of them. And whatever a particular player is making, even Patrick Mahomes, that crazy contract that he signed, the NFL is making way more, way more. So you shouldn't, I can't tell you how to think, but I don't have a problem with players trying to milk it for every penny, nickel, dime, dollar, whatever, whatever. So even if the rumor had been true, even if Judon did really ask for at least 20 mil per, okay, no problem, no problem. It reminds me in sales. In sales, there's this saying that says you pitch high, watch them buy, but if you pitch low, you watch them go. And it's the same exact thing when it comes to these contracts. If you pitch high, you tell somebody, hey, I want 20 mil per year. And again, we know Matt Judon, he already shut it down. He said he didn't ask for that, but you know, he certainly wouldn't mind it.  But if in sales, if you're going to pitch a contract for at least 20 mil per year, if you give that to the team, your agent gives that to the team and they're like, oh, you know what? No, we can't do that. Let's go down to 18 or let's go down to 17 or let's go down to 16. Even if they go down, you're still winning.  But if you pitch them low, if you say, you know what, let's do like 10 mil per year. Maybe 11. We can do something like that. I don't want to take too much money from y'all. Oh, you know what? We can't do 11 or 10. Let's do 8.5. How about that? Because the teams, they're going to try to low ball you. It's going to happen. It's going to happen. That's just the nature of the business. These NFL executives, these GMs. All they do appreciate the players. They appreciate their pockets even more. They appreciate their bread even more. So I could not be mad if this rumor was. I wish it was true. I really do. I wish it was true. I wish Matt Judon asked for 20 mil say, hey, go for it. Go for it. Whoever you're going to get it from because he is definitely going to get a significant amount of money because Matt Judon, man, Matt Judon has been a very tricky player over the years. We continue to see his numbers grow. We continue to see his numbers increase. And even though this year they didn't increase from last year, he finished off the season pretty good because he started it off a little bit. Shakey is a little bit up and down. There were some games where he was hot and there were some games where he was not. But then he went on that C 19 list. He was out for I think he only missed the game. But then he came back and there was even a game where he got ejected from where he definitely should not have got ejected. But Matt Judon throughout the last portion of the season, that last half of the season, he did his thing. He did his thing. He was playing really good football. He did get the offsides a couple of times, but besides a couple of penalties here and there, he was playing some really good football. And he knew like he knew it was time to cash in because he already got franchise tagged.  They're not going to franchise tag him again. And then I also, as soon as Yannick and Gokway, when the Ravens acquired him, Matt Judon knew it was just, it was only a matter of time. It was only a matter of time. And especially, I think Matt Judon certainly knew it was only a matter of time because the Ravens, they knew that their pass rush going into this season, they knew that their pass rush wasn't it this year. It wasn't it. So that's why they try to get a clowny. They try to get Yannick and Gokway. They try to get Brockers and they had them for a couple of days. And you know, when they try to get a domicant. So they try to get all these guys on defense, but to upgrade that pass rush and upgrade that defensive line. But it just, it didn't pan out like they wanted it to. So with Matt Judon, he knew that, hey, I got to step it up because not only, not only for the opportunity to possibly continue to play for the Ravens, even though it's unlikely, but this is my resume. This is my resume. All this film that I'm putting together right now, the Ravens are watching it, of course, but all other 31 NFL teams are as well. And all these guys, they know who I am. And I really want them to know who I am. That play the playoff game against the Titans while Matt Judon did not register a sack. That was one of, in my opinion, I think that was one of the best games that Judon ever played as a Raven, one of the best games that he ever played. Because this guy, he was making tackles in the backfield. He got that sack or was that in the bills game? You know what? Now I don't remember. I think it might actually been in the bills game. But anyway, the Titans game, regardless, whatever it was, because I don't remember as you all can see. But whenever it was, Matt Judon, he played one of his best games against the Titans, one of his best games. He was impacting the game. He was making solid tackles in the backfield. He was doing it all. And Matt Judon is somebody that he presents a very tough challenge for the Ravens. Now, again, I don't expect them to resign him, but the Ravens got to think. They really got to think because you got unique in Gakwe. What's unique in Gakwe? He's a pass rusher. That's it. Nothing more, nothing less. He's a pass rusher for the Ravens.  He's somebody that you can drop back in coverage. He's somebody that you can move around. So he is very versatile. So I know a lot of people have been questioning. Oh, should the Ravens resign unique in Gakwe? Or should they resign Matt Judon? Or should they resign Tyus Bowser? Because you can't keep all three. You can't keep all three. You can possibly keep two, but I don't see them keeping two. I really don't. So it's Ravens got some decisions to make. But as far as Judon, hey, go get your bread, man.  And you know what? I feel like Judon with this whole report about him asking for 20 million, even though he already shut that down. I say, go ask for more. Go ask for even more. Now, I don't expect it to go to the Jadavian clowny route at all to it. Matt Judon is just sitting out there in free agency and he's turning down deal after deal after deal after deal after deal after deal after deal after deal after deal. And he literally doesn't get signed until right before the season starts. That that's not going to happen with Judon at all. I expect Judon to want to get into whatever new system he's going to be in whatever new team he's going to be with. I expect that to happen rather quickly. So we'll just have to see. But I'm just again to anybody that's like this and Judon or was oh, he shouldn't be asking for this. Like, who are any of us to tell these people who how much they should ask for? Let them get their bread. The NFL stands for not for long because it's not. It's not it's not long at all. It does not last long at all. So with Judon and with all these NFL players, they need to try to get as much bread as they possibly can. So on that note, just like Matt Judon, probably will be with the Ravens after free agency. I'm out.


So, in the early hours of the morning last night, Power World received its latest patch, a version <IP_ADDRESS>. This has been released already on Steam and as of right now, I'm guessing probably later on today will release on Xbox. Today we go through all the patch notes and this is definitely the biggest patch that I've dropped so far. How's it going guys? My name is DPJ and before we go any further I'm giving away a couple of copies of this game or any game of your choice to be with a chance of winning simply drop a like on the video, leave a comment down below and make sure you are sucked. Winners are picked from the comments section and I will announce them at the end of the week. So good luck everybody! Okay, so the patch notes these are pretty hefty so let's check them out. Okay, so starting with major fixes. Implemented back up of save data on the world selection screen. Resolved issue of unnecessary data accumulating in save data and on many players that are having issues in regards to saving especially on that Xbox from hoping it kind of fixes something but I'm not sure it will but we will see. Key configuration. Added fully supported keyboard key configuration. Okay, pretty cool. Guild. Modified specification to allow guild members to be removed when not logged in. Play issues. Change the long press operation during player tasks to allow continuous work by pressing the work button once. This is switchable in the option scenes. That's actually quite a good change. Fixed an issue where riding in prohibited hunting areas would not result in a crime. I actually had that a few times I'm not going to lie. Improved interaction accuracy with adjacent objects. Okay, so moving on to pals. Change specification so that when a pal is instructed to attack aggressively the pal will attack enemies indiscriminately even if they are not in combat. That's also a good change. Corrected an issue to allow pals of a rank 1 or higher to be selected as concentrated material. Higher ranked pals yield more points when concentrated. This makes more sense than a condensation machine. If you have a pal that's already been condensed into with other pals, he will offer more points in regards to being used as concentrated material. Okay, so fixed a bug where if a large amount of experience points were gained and a level increased to 50 at once, pals would not learn any active skills. Oh, mitigated an issue where using Masander's partnership grenade Dia Panda on a dungeon boss would cause a boss to get stuck in walls. Okay, so now we're going to move on to base issues. Fixed an issue where base pals will get stuck on top of a lugging site. Manhole man. Yeah, it says et cetera because it's not just lugging sites either.  Okay, so added measures to prevent the issue where base pals would wander around and get stuck at the border of the base area. Yes, another issue I had continuously, especially my newbuses. Okay, so fixed an issue where pals at the base will get stuck repeatedly, starting transportation tasks and a light bulb icon will appear over and over again. Another one I've experienced. I'm pretty sure all these what we're going to go through have all experienced. Okay, so next up we have added measures to prevent the issue of base pals getting stuck in the farm on a roof. Yep, again, I've had this issue too. Fixed an issue where work pals will get stuck in the summon place of a power box when we start in the server on a dedicated server. Yes. Yep, this is me 100%. Adjusted the default work priority of base pals and newbies will prioritize manual labor. Pretty cool, actually. Now this was a system I actually always wondered if it was in the game. If a power had a higher work suit ability stat in one thing, would that power prioritize that task? So it seems as though they're actually working towards this. It's pretty cool. Okay, so moving on and significantly relaxed, building restrictions for stairs and triangular roofs. Pretty cool. This is a good fix though. Many people have no problems with stairs, me being one of them. Fixed an issue where sand would play in an infinite loop when pals at the base use certain active skills. Specifications change so that all changes in environmental temperature are added up. If you put four campfires next to each other, the surrounding area will have a temperature of a volcano. So this will obviously affect how you breed now in regards to the egg incubation. Sometimes they feel warm, sometimes they feel cold. Obviously now using campfires to warm said egg up, we're working now because you could put 20 campfires around an egg before and it would make no damn difference. So that's a good change. Okay, so implemented relaxed working style under monitoring stand. Oh cool, can't wait to try that out. Okay, so now we're going to move on to balance adjustment. Significantly strengthened mining power of dig toys, partner skills. Oh, that's pretty cool because I actually built up my own dig toys who's super overpowered already. I mean, I bred him from quite a line of good powers with good passives. So I can't wait to get and actually try this dude. Fixed abnormally high selling price of nails. Oh no, the patched people, we can't get rich anymore. To be honest, making gold in this game is so easy. I don't think you need to rely on nails. There's so many other ways of getting so much money. So yeah guys, yeah, there ain't too much of a problem in my opinion. Significantly increased the number of police officers who appear when a crime is committed. Oh dear, oh dear, oh dear, I'm thinking I'm going to read further and down here guys at the fixer towel bus, capture glitch or maybe not we'll see added electric shock effect to three power alliances crossbow. Okay, adjusted the flight distance of sphere launcher and scatter sphere launchers. Okay, cool. Increased the sand value recovery amount of high quality heart springs. That's a great change. It really is. Okay, so now we're going to move on to network related renovated the server lobby search by name will now work or search by server name as it states here added the ability to view online players and a dedicated server on community servers this will only be displayed if the setting is enabled. Okay, so now we move on to others fix the issue where day five memo was not placed. You can now adjust the in game brightness in these settings fix many minor bugs corrected various incorrect text improved measures against cheating. That's a big one for sure. And lastly, they say guys, we are currently working on an issue where auto say fails were on the Xbox and the Xbox game pass versions. We expect that this will be resolved in an upcoming update. So as I said at the start of the video, I was hoping this would be a problem that got fixed. I mean, you know what they tweeted out something last week and I replied to it saying that many, many players on Xbox are having this issue that have an issue of not being able to the auto say don't work. So the world is not saving basically. And I got attacked. I legit got attacked by other powered players saying, Oh, this is a you problem. This has happened to me on my Xbox. I've been fine since day one, etc, etc abuse I got for sticking up for people on Xbox, even though I'm playing this game on PC and haven't encountered any problems really. I can't believe it guys. So that's the last time I'm sticking up for people on Xbox on social media. I'm trying to get this thing fixed for many, many players who have stopped playing because of this. And yet I get attacked for it's a wild world. We live in a wild world people. But yes, that is the update of let's go scroll back up to the top. I can't remember what it was a version <IP_ADDRESS>. And there we have it guys again. As I make this video right now, it's literally 11am in the morning. This was released earlier hours yesterday morning. But it's the 27th of February. Xbox versions should be out by this time you probably watch this video. But guys, if you enjoyed it, leaving a like really helps out if you like what you see want to see more power would be sure to subscribe and hopefully guys, I will see you on that next one.