Welcome to Spotlight Advanced. I'm Adam Navas. And I'm Liz Wade. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live. Camila and Enrico were young and in love. But one day Camila discovered something surprising. Enrico had been born with the HIV virus, which attacks the body's immune system. Many of their friends and family did not want Camila to stay with Enrico, but she remained in a relationship with him. Together they faced discrimination because of Enrico's HIV positive status. Thousands of people in Brazil and around the world watched this relationship. Camila and Enrico were characters on a Portuguese-language television program in 2015. Mália Sao Ceu Lugar No Mundo is a well-known Brazilian TV program. Camila and Enrico were very popular characters, but they also addressed a very important issue in Brazil and around the world. Today's Spotlight is on, the latest global situation of HIV-AIDS. What is happening with this very important issue? HIV-AIDS has been a major world issue since the 1980s. The World Health Organization says that since that time more than 70 million people have been infected with HIV. About 35 million have died of HIV. 30 years ago there was a lot of bad or false information about HIV-AIDS. But most people today know much more about the disease. They know that they cannot get HIV from just touching someone. The virus does not pass through sweat, saliva, or urine. This improved information helps people react to the disease in a better way. So what is happening with HIV-AIDS in our world now? There have been both positive and negative changes for HIV-AIDS. Here is the good news. The total number of people infected with HIV is going down. People know more about how to avoid HIV infection. In some parts of the world, rates of HIV-AIDS have decreased a lot. For example, Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rates of HIV-AIDS in the world. But in East and South African countries, the number of people with HIV-AIDS has gone down by nearly 30% since 2010. Botswana's Health Minister Dorcas Magato tells Al Jazeera how her country made this happen. Right from the beginning we decided to come to the issue boldly. We were very open about the size of the problem and did not try to hide from it. We were bold in the sense that we admitted that there was a problem. We were bold in bringing everyone involved together. We had a common purpose in fighting HIV and AIDS. Botswana still has a high rate of HIV at 21%. But this has dropped from 36% in the year 2000. Botswana has a government program that treats every person, no matter their age, sex, or economic status. And they have seen particular improvement in one area, passing of HIV from mothers to their babies. The rate in Botswana has dropped from 40% to less than 2%. Many other countries have a similar drop in mother-to-child transmission. This is one of the major successes against the global HIV-AIDS epidemic. Many people with HIV-AIDS are also living longer. People with HIV-AIDS can take drugs to control the virus. These drugs are called antiretrovirals, or ARVs. By using ARVs correctly, people with HIV-AIDS can live long, productive lives. UN-AIDS is the United Nations' global effort to end AIDS. In a report, they said that for the first time, 53% of the people who need ARVs are able to get them. This is more than twice the number of people who were able to get them in 2012. But not all of the developments with HIV-AIDS are good. In some parts of the world, cases of HIV-AIDS are even going up. NPR reports that new HIV infections in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have increased by 60%. Most of the cases of HIV-AIDS in countries like Russia and Ukraine are in particular parts of the population. HIV-AIDS is most commonly spread in this area by injecting illegal drugs. But there are people at risk and vulnerable in every country, even wealthier ones. Some people have fewer resources and less social power. The most vulnerable people include women, migrant workers, sex workers, and people living in conflict areas. Vulnerable people have less control over their own safety. They also have less access to HIV prevention, testing, and treatment. And even after 30 years, there is still a lot of stigma around HIV-AIDS. People do not want to talk about it. It seems shameful. The issues around HIV-AIDS are very complex. This shows why the disease is so difficult to deal with. Michel Sidibe is the Executive Director of UN AIDS. He spoke to the Global HIV Prevention Coalition. We must boldly face the structural barriers and basic causes of vulnerabilities. This is what makes prevention so difficult. Unless we address the basic causes of new HIV-AIDS infections, no big change will come. If it was easy, we would have done it by now. So there are many challenges for people living with HIV-AIDS. But there is also a lot of hope for the future. Researchers continue working to find a cure for HIV-AIDS. We do not know when a cure will be available. But we do know that people living with HIV-AIDS are surviving later into life. HIV-AIDS is a very real part of life in every country in the world. We are not all doctors, but everyone can work to fight HIV-AIDS. We can look for true information and share it with other people. You can find links to information on the script page of this program. People can also help decrease stigma. We can care for the people around us, no matter what their status is. As Michelle Sidibey says, We need every single part of society to join us on this journey. We have a roadmap to show the way, and we know the barriers in our path. Discrimination that limits people's access to life-saving information and medicines must be removed. These services belong to everyone, whoever they are, wherever they live, whoever they love. Do you have true information about HIV-AIDS? What can you do to help vulnerable people in your community? Tell us what you think. You can leave a comment on our website, or email us at radio at radioenglish.net. You can also comment on our Facebook page at facebook.com slash spotlight radio. The writer of this program was Reena Dam. The producer was Michio Ozaki. The voices you heard were from the United States. All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. You can hear this program again and read it on the internet at www.radioenglish.net. This program is called The History and Present Situation of HIV-AIDS. Visit our website to download our free official app for Android and Apple devices. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.


Hi, I'm M.P.I. All right, I'm M.P.I. Every single week. Did you tune in for Brigitte this week? It is from... XMOS. I don't think we've covered XMOS before, so I'm kind of excited. No, we have not. Yeah, no. I like to always check out some companies that we haven't before. I've seen XMOS stuff for a bit, and they've been very popular on social media. But I've never actually, like, investigated their chips. And so I was like, hey, this is a good excuse. So this week's I'm M.P.I. It's an available board, but really it's the X2 316 series, which is their latest Core.AI, their XCore.AI model of chips. It comes available on BGA and also this QFN, which looks like it has some pretty sweet ground and power planes on the bottom. I like that they make that chips that are available on QFN for manufacturability. It kind of seems like everything these days is BGA. Okay, so the XCore is not an ARM Cortex, right? Which is, you know, we covered a couple of what is called, like, crossover microcontrollers, ultra-powerful microcontrollers from NXP, the IMX series a couple of weeks ago. These are also what we call crossover, but they're not Cortex series. Instead, it's XCore. It's their own Core chipset. And you see there's basically, it's kind of like two processors, but it's like two multi-core processors. So there's two tiles, what they call, and each tile, and maybe you can make this bigger so you can see the text. Yeah, I can do that. I just need a second here to scale it up. Oh, no, just the window bigger. Oh, you wanted to see, oh, you didn't want the, you just wanted this. Yes, thank you because I wanted to read all the details. Okay, so in each tile left and right, they've got the ALU and they also have their own internal 512 kilobytes of SRAM. And then there's like this communication, the switch and like packet messaging system in between. And each one has five to eight cores. So you'll see, like, when we go through the list of processors, some of like, some are like 2,300 mps and some are like 3,500 mps. That basically depends on how many cores they've got. Each has 500 megahertz clock rate. And then, of course, they've got peripherals. And they also have their own IO banks. So you'll see at the top, the IO pins are per core. So you can actually have both cores at the same time doing IO control without interfering with each other, which is a common thing when you've got like a mic control and dual core. Often the IO pins are on a shared bus. And so you can't have both cores messing with the IO at the same time.  What you're getting is, you know, 10 to 16 cores, all clocked really fast. And this is like a super, super powerful chip. It reminds you, you know, it's not at all related to, but it kind of is evocative to me of this, like a super ultra powered propeller chip for folks who remember that custom chip from Parallax also had, you know, eight cores, special GPIO functions and was, you know, a non-arm cortex chip. But got to give them credit because they wanted to do a chip that was really good at audio processing. It was kind of like the combination of a very powerful mic controller, multi-core, lots of IO capabilities, DSP, and now they've added some AI acceleration as well. So basically it's just really, really, really fast, but it's a microcontroller. You have a free RTOS running on it, but you're not dealing with Linux. You're not dealing with QNX or whatever. No, no operating system that takes time to boot. It's instantaneous, which means it's great for appliances, devices, cars, etc. And not only is it really good audio, it's also got pretty good video and camera interface as well. And you can also attach external RAM if you want even more processing capability like you want more space to move in. Flash isn't built-in, you attach flash with, like, you spy flash or something similar, but basically very, very fast and here's just like another. This one I liked because it showed that, you know, the 512 kilobytes of RAM. The MIPI is interesting. Two lanes so you can do camera in or display out. Both are supported. Actually, on the dev board, you'll see there's a 15-pin, like Raspberry Pi compatible camera interface. High-speed USB-fi, so you can do host or peripheral. And then in the middle is that, you know, packet switching circuit interface. You can send data back and forth. And yeah, you can have external memory as well, LPDDR RAM. And there's ones with tons of pins. So, you know, you can connect a fairly big package of memory. Next up for the processor itself comes either 60-pin QFN. Again, manufacturable. There's also a chunky BGA, but with a 0.8-millimeter pitch. So, you know, not too bad to manufacture. They've got an interesting TensorFlow Lite from Microcontroller, but they've kind of got like a workflow setup where you can train your TensorFlow models in Lite, you know, the Python API, and then convert it into TensorFlow Micro one-time using their, like, online tools. So, you know, optimize TensorFlow Lite from Microcontroller that you actually do need to have a fairly good processor. I feel like, you know, eight cores running 500 megahertz, you have a chance of it. I'm actually kind of surprised they couldn't run TensorFlow Lite directly since you can run it on, you know, single board computers that are about the same MIPS capability.  And, you know, this is kind of their money-shot graph where they're like, hey, you know, if you have ARM Cortex M7 running at 600 megahertz, look, we have so many more cores and we're so much more optimized. You don't mention what this mystery ARM Cortex M7 at 600 megahertz is, but I'm betting it's probably the STM32H7 or F7, which is good because a lot of people like to use that chip. That's kind of the highest end microcontroller you can get these days, but they've been hard to get because of the chip shortage. And also I love competition. I want to have more chips of that power capability available to people. So, you know, we're not just only buying one chip, we have multiple options. So I'm very psyched to see more pressure at the high end of microcontrollers bringing that price down. And you'll see that the price here is very comparable. Lots of different options for this chip fam. Like I said, different, you know, 2400 or 3200 MIPS. I guess, you know, they all have the same logical cores, maybe somewhere clocked faster. IEA voltage can vary. That's one thing I noticed, 1.8 or 3.3 volts. They all have the same amount of RAM. They all have the same number of cores. Different number of IO based on whether you have the 60-pin QFN or the 265-pin FPGA. Some do and do not have the external memory and MIPI capability, which makes sense if you're doing graphical display stuff with a nice MIPI display that maybe is 1024 by 720 or something, you'll probably want the external memory to do the frame buffer. And of course, the key is a supplier. They also have some very cute dev boards. This is one for the X-core AI series. You know, pretty simple, just has the camera connector, which again looks suspiciously like the Raspberry Pi camera. Wi-Fi, native USB, debug USB, and of course audio because they're very specialized audio. You can see on the left, there's the left and the right, there's the GPIO banks. Probably the left-hand side is one core and the right-hand side is the other core. This is the dev board that is actually featured for the X-U316 series. And you can tell that it's like, hey, are you designing some sort of like DJ mixer or synthesizer or something, which this would be a really good job for. Got two MIDI interfaces. I've rarely seen devices that have too many, two RCA. Eight IO, sorry, analog outputs, line outputs. Peru looks like four different, four or yeah, four different on the right, I2S, ADC DAC combos. I think it's the TI-TVP series. Power supply on the bottom, USB external power, all that good stuff. But you know, one thing I think that they're definitely going after is the family of like, since DJ equipment, smart speakers, they've already kind of gone after that market a lot. I think also control panels for home devices or for automotive or industrial equipment where you have a noisy background and maybe you want to have speech recognition or you want to do stereo control. Yeah, what's that right there? That's clock in. I think that is if you want to, usually you have a crystal for clocking the chip, but I mean this, they don't really brag about the power, low power usage because it's got like 16 cores in it. So you know, probably you want to mess with your clock frequency to see if you tweak your power usage or maybe for precision, you have to have a good steady clock if you want to have your audio coming out at exactly 44 point, not one kilohertz. That's a, yeah, go sync signal. You can download the schematics for their explorer board which I found kind of handy because it kind of shows you all the capabilities again, lots of audio functionality and also how they split up the power supply just again have a pretty beefy power supply needed for these chips. Software tools are available. It's basically they say use free RTOS. Everything is running under free RTOS. You do need their compiler because it's not on Cortex you're not going to use ARM GCC but they have tool chains available for Windows, Mac and Linux. And they've got on GitHub a lot of their libraries. This is just a couple of their libraries. They have like, you know, 76 of them. They have a library for everything that you can do with their chipsets. I looked at some of the code. All of it looked like I had lots of good example code. You know, one of their things is clearly they're trying to make it very easy for people to transition from using ARM Cortex to using their chips. So they have to go a little bit above and beyond with their SDK offerings. And one thing I thought was cool is like, oh, you know, it's USB. And I bet they saw something T USB and wonder why I see T USB. I'm like, oh, I bet they use T USB. And they do. And I would like to point out how cool it is that the T USB stack is licensed so freely that Silicon vendors are now using T USB and they're adding support for their chipsets because we do not restrict who gets to use T USB. So good. Even the big ins use it. Yes. So very neat. You know, it's, again, it's a transition because a lot of people using these kind of high-end chipsets, they tend to be using ARM Cortex. But I think the power and functionality, which, you know, you're not going to get with ARM because usually when you see multi-core ARM, it's usually like one big processor and another small processor. Maybe it's a licensed thing. I don't know. You know, X-Core owns their own IP for the Silicon so they want to toss 16 cores in there and go for it. Available on Digi-Key. And totally in stock. Yeah. And you can see the pricing. It's really quite reasonable considering that you get the RAM built in. You don't have to add external RAM. It's almost completely fully built. You don't really need a lot of accessories. You need a crystal and maybe some Q-Spy memory and you're good to go. Lots of peripherals. Lots of functionality. Maybe good for your next audio project. I did notice when I Googled around for this part, a lot of audiophile DACs, like stereo drivers, use the X-Mars series. All right, we're going to play a video and then we'll see you on the other side for new products. Voice and Rich's experience. On the right, Zoom Center screen. We're being pushed back. Game, find more players. Here are the other players online. I need them, that we need some help. Now we're talking. Level smashed. Game pause. New upgrades are available. Do you want to check your options? Yeah, let's see then. Emma, here are your options. Okay. Dan, here are your options. No, I'm good. Buy option two. Do you want to use your game credits, Dan? Yes. Dan, purchase confirmed. Are there any other options you want to look at? Game t-shirts are on offer today. No, thank you. Ready? Game start. Stand horizon.  Yeah. Piano.


So, you already know about virtual labs, right, in repeat the already explained what are virtual labs. So, virtual labs are remote triggered projects, so we all do experiments, we do labs, we do practicals, we record data, we plot data, so these entire setup can be moved to a virtual place, a different place, server, ok, so that it can be centralized and many people can access it. So, this project named as creating generalized web based solution for remote triggered virtual labs. So, this does not exist now, so we have to repair such project. So, we have virtual labs, but it is not a web based one, it is a desktop one, so I will explain to that. So, let me show you straight away a simple block diagram, so at the left hand side we have SBHS, so SBHS is one of the virtual lab experiment, experiment kit, ok. So, SBHS stands for single board heater system, so this is at the server's end, so this is the central location, this is not available to all students at their home, at their lab, this is some, assume for now, this is available only in IIT, exclusively in IIT, the student in West Bengal want to do experiments using SBHS, so the present setup, this is the present setup what it does, so this is a client computer, this is student who is sitting in West Bengal, this is his computer, this is a server which is located in our IIT lab and that server adjacent to the servers, we have all these SBHS blocks connected. So, SBHS blocks look like one of these, so approximately of this size and it has this power supply, heater system and etcetera, this hardware anyway we will come to know. So, at the client side for now, user has to have a Linux machine, a python based client, a web browser and Sylab installed, so these are mandatory requirement, I think it also works on Windows, but I am not very sure, we have seen mostly on Linux side, so these many requirements are actually too much asked for a student to have, so nowadays students may not have a regular desktop, they will be moving around with their cell phones, they may not have access to a regular console where they can log in and do all such kind of experiments, they would have, they would easily go to the lab and do such experiments by themselves, so the whole idea is to move this entire setup, means on the client hand setup to web based, so completely independent of desktop applications, you can see as of now it requires Sylab to be installed on client machine, Python to be installed on client machine, so these dependences you want to remove, okay let me give you a small brief idea of how it works now, so student login to the server, it is a web interface, they go to www.blabs.itv.ac.in, they log in, they have a username password, they create a login, they book a slot, so the number of experiments, number of such boards, SBHS boards are limited, it is not that all the students can be provided each board at a time, so you have to book a slot in advance, so once you book a slot you get a time slot, one hour time slot, say 2 to 3 pm, you log in, you stay alive of course, you stay alive with your computer during that time slot and you enter the values, so how do you enter the values, now from the web interface, that's our final target, that's our final goal, it should be entirely from web interface, from now at present you have to fire another application, a Python based client, it's a small GUI window where you have to again log in and input the values, okay that's not end of it, you have to again run an application Sylab, okay, so this invoking the Sylab you have to run some scripts, then you can enter the values of, so for single board heater system you have to enter the value of fan and maybe heater and you have to say pass to server, so this Sylab interface will communicate to the server, this server at IIT, that will read the data present in the SBHS which is assigned to you and then it will change the value of speed, speed of fan and speed of heater etc, in return it will return you the temperature, the temperature you will receive in Sylab again, that will do the plotting at the client end, so for all of this you need a working system with Sylab and everything running, you need constant internet also, of course you need internet in other solution, so let me get back to this, so what exactly we want in this setup, as you can read we want the access to be completely moved to the web browser, no need of any Python client, no need of any Sylab on the client machine, configure input and outputs depending on the experiment, so the present configuration are done through the Sylab interface which we want again to be moved on, browser, read and write files and of course this is related to second point, see and download data and plots, see live feed of the setup hardware via webcam, so the webcam is still available but it is not integrated in the web page, you have to integrate it in the web page, store algorithms on the server as you have the login, so whatever code you have written there should be an option to nicely organize them and save it on the web page, website and of course you can choose from the existing database, so for admin for people like us or you in your college, so for the admin interface we need following changes, so the present setup it is actually not very easy to replicate in some other college because we have lot of scripts, lot of database changes, lot of integration need to be done before to move to other college, so we need a single click setup for all of these tools, configure inputs and outputs depending on the hardware, so these listings are actually for the admin interface, the admin interface looks like this, so this is an admin interface where we have list of boards on the left hand side, the status of the board whether it is offline or online, so red is offline, green is online, so webcam and some other temperature profile, so this interface need to be modified, this is for admin not for student, I think that is all for this project, of course you need to run and deploy the server easily and admin should easily be able to debug the code, everything should be under version control, the code should be easily manageable. I hope you got a clear idea of what is a virtual apps and what is HBHS and how we are accessing it, just remember this block diagram, so let me show you this block diagram so that question occur to you, these are the technologies we are looking for, so the server, the present server is already written in Django, so you need to add on this present server and we prefer Django that means Python because it is already written, it is easy for you to add code on that, bash is a Linux command line tool, you may or may not know bash already, that is fine, you can skip bash for now, HTML, CSS, MySQL and Apache are required, Apache is also not very mandatory for now because Apache server setup, etc., we can help you with that, MySQL database queries and all are must because you will be dealing them in and out, HTML I guess it is need not to explain, so bash and Apache you may say it is not mandatory, so this is the second project, so the first project was moving the client side entirely to browser right, clear, the first project moving the client side of the SBHS of the virtual labs to browser removing Psylab and Python dependencies from the client side and improving the admin interface of the server, first project, this is second project, the second project is improving the already available implementation, so we already have SBHS running, as everybody told we have already course running with students, they login and they create some experiments, so we need to modify those courses, those interfaces, this is the same architecture, same example, so what we are looking for in this, so the present architecture, present setup cannot detect failures, so suppose we have 38 SBHS, so at some time at the night, suppose one of the SBHS goes down and there is an experiment setup scheduled tomorrow morning 8am, so it does not automatically detect that and does not inform to the admin, so such things you have to take care, you have to add such modules, such APIs to the already existing Django code, providing periodic health statistics same as first and the third one is enabling client to conditionally choose an SBHS, suppose during an experiment one of the SBHS failed and at present a client has to contact admin and tell that see my SBHS has failed, please assign me a new SBHS, new virtual setup, this should be automated, so student if a machine fails should automatically be switched to a working machine, so again there are some to-do list for the admin interface, so admin should be able to do web-based changes, so if everything is moved to web, so the web interface requires the following changes, he should see all the SBHS setup and he should see, he could means he can analyze the statistics, the health of all SBHS unit over the past month, past year, so he can have the complete tabular data or a statistical data which shows SBHS 38 has been faulty for 3 days in the last month, so you can actually he could actually be able to diagnose how the trend is going on, how many SBHS are failing, which experiment is causing the problem, which experiment is good, all the statistics need to be generated and presented nicely on the admin interface, this one is the last, so packaging as I told in the previous experiment also, we need a single one-click installation, at present the installation is complex, so that your job would be to make the setup files integrated into one single Python script, so that one can do just pip install SBHS and it's done, live web cam feed checking client in activity during web cam feed, these can be discussed later, so last one is important, this is the last slide I guess, so adding quiz and auto evaluation, so this SBHS is integrated with the course, unless there is a course why do you run SBHS, because it's an experiment, it's an extension to the regular experiments, so we need to have a pre and post test quizzes right inside the SBHS web interface, virtual lab web interface, where after performing the lab experiments student should able to take a test, should able to have questions and answer, all the answers could be, questions could be randomized and there should be evaluation and reporting also for admin, so in short we want to take away the lab session entirely the web, so you understood the difference between the previous project and this project, the previous one was to remove Sylab and Python dependencies from the client side, so that a client side should be just a simple web browser, you can take out your cell phone, connect to this some URL and perform your experiments from anywhere, the second project is actually the existing project, existing project and adding improvements to existing project, so the admin doesn't have many features, so you have to add many features, listed features to the admin console, the last one which I showed there should be a question and answer adding quiz to the existing implementation, so that students after finishing the lab could able to do a pre and post test, is this clear, so all of this process slides which have seen this eight nine projects, they all based on open source tools, Linux tools, you may or may not be aware of all this Linux tools right, it's okay, it's completely okay, in terms like you from past many years they have come here and use such tools and they have learned them very fast, maybe one or two days, so tomorrow you have some orientation courses right, so I'm very sure you will be able to take all of these topics, maybe within two or three days, it's very easy, it's all you know but in a different operating system, many of the things can be done in windows also, but we encourage you to use Linux so that it is good for you also, if you go to some other places, maybe some startups or other companies, mostly they prefer Linux for such open source technologies, so for any queries regarding the presentations, the projects which we have displayed today, you can simply email at info at foci.info, so this email will reach to all the mentors who have presented today and your questions, queries will be answered, thank you.


The NASA Lewis Research Center is in a unique position to take advantage of computational fluid dynamics, structural mechanics, and material science to develop new techniques for multi-component, multi-discipline, analysis, design, and optimization of advanced engine systems. To that end, many of the Lewis organizations have formed research teams whose activities are directed towards a common long-range vision of a numerical test cell for studies on advanced engine systems. This unique computational capability in turn sets the stage for new levels of understanding once the scientist or engineer is satisfied that the critical physics are being modeled in the analysis. However, confidence in computational science can only be achieved by detailed comparison with experimental data obtained in test cells or wind tunnels. One such validation experiment was performed in the 10-by-10-foot supersonic wind tunnel at the NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. In this experiment, instrumentation was installed in a supersonic inlet designed for Mach 5 to provide detailed data for code validation. A 3D viscous computer simulation of this inlet revealed previously unknown strong secondary flows, as can be seen from these particle traces. These secondary flows are formed because of shockwave interactions with the turbulent sidewall boundary layers, and they create additional inlet losses. The close coupling between analysis and the validation experiment was designed to confirm both the cause and effect of these previously unknown secondary flows. A second important application of computational fluid dynamics is to analyze new concepts in propulsion, such as this supersonic fan blade designed using a 2D analysis. A 3D viscous computer simulation predicted blade pressures shown here in varying colors. The simulation also allowed designers and engineers to visualize secondary flow. Here particle traces show the passage vortex, which can be traced to its origin as a horseshoe vortex ahead of the blade. A third application of computational fluid dynamics at NASA Lewis Research Center lies in the study of interactions which are difficult to measure, such as this supersonic combustor. The combustion process shown was modeled as two hydrogen jets operating at a pressure ratio of 8 and injecting into a rectangular duct. Compression waves are generated upstream of each jet, as can be seen from these color contours. On the top wall, the two jets create an adverse pressure gradient, which causes the free stream particles to move outward laterally, as well as downward. The jets are bent by the free stream. The second jet penetrates more deeply into the free stream flow than the first jet. Deeper jet penetration means enhanced mixing of hydrogen and air, and consequently, more complete combustion. Computational fluid dynamics is also being used to study the interaction of the external environment with a propulsion system. In this example, an under-expanded 3D asymmetric nozzle at a pressure ratio of 10 exhausts supersonically into quiescent air. The nozzle flow expands laterally downstream of the lower lip. Compression waves reflect off the upper and lower shear layers, and a very thin shear layer emanates from the sidewall. The high-temperature high-stress requirements of modern aircraft engines necessitate the development of novel materials, the study of which can greatly benefit from computational material science. Metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites of these are all employed to satisfy the high-temperature strength and durability requirements. Chemical science is concerned with phenomena that range from rapid material processes with solidification rates measured in meters per second in melt spinning to deposition rates of microns per hour in chemical vapor deposition. In chemical vapor deposition, high-temperature coatings, fibers, and semiconductors such as silicon carbide are made. This process involves injecting a nutrient gas into a reactor in which the gas then undergoes several gas-phase chemical reactions as it passes across a heated sceptre. Subsequent surface reactions deposit the needed materials, in this case, silicon, on the sceptre. The computer simulation shown includes the 3D aspects of the reactor. Strong natural buoyancy causes substantial distortions of convecting fields shown here as path lines of neutrally buoyant particles. Subsequent distortions in both the temperature and reacting species fields are evident, resulting in severe non-uniformities in coating thickness and structure. Additional analyses show an excellent agreement between the experimental and numerical deposition rates on the sceptre. This study shows that computational material science can provide information important for the understanding and design of new materials. The NASA Lewis Research Center couples computational and experimental programs for efficiently meeting the requirements of modern aircraft engines. The development and practical application of advanced numerical simulation codes for propulsion systems will require increases in computing power, that is, speed and memory. These advances will have to be matched by improvements in computational support, program development, and computer graphics. The graphics tools are especially important because of the massive amounts of data that need to be understood. The Lewis goal in scientific computing is to provide high-performance graphics workstations having access to parallel processors, mainframe, and supercomputers. NASA Lewis Research Center is moving as rapidly as possible towards the establishment of a high-performance computing environment that will satisfy the long-term experimental and computational needs of future aircraft engine design.


Empower every student to learn the language of the future with coding lessons in CSO. Coding isn't just about programming computers. It teaches students how to think, coding fosters critical thinking, problem solving, and creative expression. Teaching core coding concepts in elementary school gives every student the opportunity to spark an interest in coding and build a foundation for success now and in the future. CSO's coding lessons covers foundational concepts aligned to leading computer science standards, all leveraging powerful multimodal tools built for young learners. Let's explore! For grades, kindergarten through second, cold the world lessons make connections between foundational coding concepts and the world around us. Each lesson begins with an engaging, animated video that teaches vocabulary and builds background knowledge, supporting students and teachers even if they have never coded before. A command is one instruction. Commands are used in real life every day. Equipped with this new knowledge, students engage in purposeful practice using CSO's multimodal tools, intuitive for young learners, yet powerful to amplify skills that are central to computer science. Students also have opportunities to engage in unplugged coding activities in the classroom. Using the photo, video, and microphone tools in CSO, students can seamlessly capture and extend their hands on learning. Students in grades three through five build upon foundational coding concepts in mission code lessons where they become secret agents taking on coding missions that include visual coding, problem solving, and explaining decisions. After learning key skills in a narrative video, students visually code and check solutions on the CSO canvas and engage in unplugged coding activities that allow them to interact with others and deepen their understanding of the coding concept. In all grades, students get opportunities to see their programming in action using Scratch and Scratch Junior. Authentic practice and developmentally appropriate supports in CSO lessons make this popular coding program accessible for all learners. Plus, ready-made assessments give teachers actionable insights into student learning toward objectives. CSO's age-appropriate coding lessons easily fold into any instructional day and give educators the tools they need to teach coding with confidence. No previous experience required. With coding lessons for every elementary classroom, on the platform built for student agency and creation, every student can develop the skills and confidence to see themselves as computer scientists.


We're seeing a lot of European countries who were ahead of us in terms of treating gender dysphoric youth, pumping the brakes, and yet the US is full steam ahead. This latest report, the story you're alluding to, is from a pediatrician in Britain who was reviewing transgender so-called care in the country and basically found that these procedures and policies are not evidence-based. They're not based on any long-term studies, and there's just really weak support for the protocols that are pretty much taking place. And so I think it's a big wake-up call. And I think folks in the US, it's a politicized issue here. Clearly, people have sort of lined up on two sides over it. But I think there's a common sense approach, and there's got to be some kind of fair medical look at what is the evidence. Regardless of how you feel about it, these treatments have long-term effects. And we don't really understand those.


The lithium-ion batteries are in many small appliances that we have in our pockets or at home or in use. However, once it is becoming waste, it must be taken out prior it will be recycled because the battery will cause a fire if it is mechanically shredded. However, in many cases the design of the goods is not such that it can be easily taken out. Therefore, lithium-ion batteries are of particular concern because it must be taken out because it will cause fires.


Good morning. In this particular video session, we are going to learn a topic, analytical chemistry and a subject from that topic that is thermal methods of analysis. This is the learning outcome for today's session. At the end of this session, students will be able to describe thermogravimetric analysis of the sample. This is the content that we are going to learn in this session. First, we will learn the two definitions. One is of thermal methods of analysis. And second definition is of thermogravimetric analysis. Then we will see the construction and working of thermogravimetric unit. And finally, we will learn what are the applications of thermogravimetric analysis. Now, we will learn the definition of thermal analysis. This is the technique in which changes in physical and chemical properties of a substance are measured as a function of temperature is called as thermal analysis. The technique in which changes in physical and chemical properties of substances are measured as a function of temperature is defined as thermal analysis. Then we will see the thermogravimetric analysis TZA. It is a technique in which a change in the weight of a substance is recorded as a function of temperature which is known as TZA. So, thermal analysis is a broad definition of all the methods that are coming under thermal analysis method. And thermogravimetric analysis is one of the sub-methods of the thermal analysis. What happens in thermal analysis? We are learning what kind of changes are there in physical and chemical properties of the substances with respect to the heating to that sample is there. And particularly in thermogravimetric analysis, it is a technique in which a change in the weight of a substance is recorded as a function of temperature. Now, this is the block diagram. If you see here, the first part is a sample holder where we are holding a very small quantity of the sample to be analyzed. The sample holder is covered with a proper insulating chamber and the sample holder is kept in a furnace. The furnace is then connected with microprocessor controlled power source which is capable to heat the sample at a controlled rate for a specific period of time. Which heats minimally 2 degree centigrade per minute to 250 degree centigrade per minute. That is the role of the microprocessor controlled power source. Now, the furnace is also connected with the thermocouple as the thermal balance. Thermocouple and thermo balance both are connected to the furnace. When the sample is being heated, some of the signals are received by thermocouple and some of the signals are received by the thermo balance. So, thermo balance receives the signal which gives us the knowledge about change in mass of a sample with respect to heating. And the thermocouple what are the signal it receives? It gives us the knowledge what kind of temperature values are there which is incorporated to the sample is there. Then both are received to the recorder where recorder plots a graph in between the values of temperature and change in mass and by reading that graph one can predict about the purity of the sample. Now, if you see here this is the environment control equipment. The role of the environment control equipment is to maintain the inert atmosphere across the sample while the sample is being heated. Because there is a possibility of reacting the sample with the atmospheric impurities and the possibilities that the sample may get converted to unwanted byproducts. To avoid the chemical reactivity of the sample to maintain the inert atmosphere around the sample it is connected with the environment control equipment which gives the flow of inert gases across the sample. Now, here I would like to ask you one question. The environment control unit is connected for the option A is for maintaining inert atmosphere inside the furnace. Second option for heating the sample. Third option for forming the byproducts and last option all of these. Think for a moment and the correct answer is the environment control equipment is provided for maintaining inert atmosphere inside the furnace to avoid the chemical reactivity of the sample with atmosphere. To order the components and how the TGA works. The main components of TGA apparatus are analytical thermo balance for measurement of mass of sample accurately at various temperatures. And the furnace linked with microprocessor controlled power source program to increase temperature linearly at the predetermined rate of 0.5 to 250 degree centigrade per minute up to 1200 degree centigrade. The third component is environment control equipment which is provided for maintaining inert atmosphere during the heating of the sample. Thermocouple is provided for recording temperature values during heating of sample. The recorder plots the graph between change in mass of a sample with respect to values of temperature. Now, if you see here the recorder gives the graph in between mass and the temperature. This is a particular example of calcium oxalate. Initially the temperature is very low so the mass is more but when the temperature goes on increasing the mass also comes down. Because with respect to temperature at the specific stages some of the molecule gets either evaporated, either degraded, either decomposed and that kind of pattern we are learning with respect to thermogram. So, this is the thermogram between mass of a sample with respect to the heating values. Now, there are two types of TGA curves. The qualitative and quantitative analysis recording the substance under study can be obtained from thermogram that is a plot of change in mass versus temperature. Or a plot of dm by dt versus temperature and the TGA curve consists of horizontal portions and downward portions. Not all horizontal portions? These portions represent no loss in weight with increase of temperature and the compound is thermally stable over that temperature range. This information is important because it reveals the temperature range in which substance like polymer, packing material, alloys may be safely used. So, I will show you the graph. So, this is called as the horizontal portion where the compound is thermally stable. So, in this particular temperature range there is no change in the mass of the sample that is known as the horizontal portions. The second type of curve is downward portions. The portions indicate the weight loss due to dehydration, decomposition, formation of volatile products at the temperature. TGA thermogram is characteristic for a given compound since unique sequence of physical or chemical changes in compound occurring over a definite temperature range which is a function of molecular structure. Now, we will learn applications of TGA that is qualitative analysis. The stability of a substance at the increased temperatures can be learned. Identification of compound, the curve being characteristic footprint for the compound, purity of compound and decomposition mechanism of polymer, salts, etc. This is the quantitative applications. The percentage of compound in a mixture can be calculated from TGA. Percentage of compound in a mixture can be calculated from TGA. TGA study can help to find the amount of filler in a polymer. Now, finally, what are the limitations? It is applicable for only those substances which undergo change in mass with temperature. The limitation is that it is applicable for only those substances which undergo this type of mechanism that is change in mass with temperature. It is not useful for pure fusion reactions, crystalline transitions and solid state reactions in which no volatile products are formed. All this I have referred by using a textbook of engineering chemistry written by Jain and Jain. Thank you.


hi guys and welcome back to my channel is ekif the first time here you're welcome if you're a subscriber thank you so much for coming back today's video is day two of our beginners makeup tutorial series today is how to groom and draw your brows for beginners and i'll also be showing you how to improvise some eyebrow products to save some coins so stay tuned while we go into this video also guys i want to let you know that brows are sisters and not twins sometimes you may get both brows looking alike and sometimes you may not so guys i'll be showing you how i groom my brows and then how i draw my brows for beginners i'll be using this gillette nasa gillette to groom my brows this is the blade i always use and this is the method that i use in grooming my brows but if you have any other method that works for you that's fine but this is how i groom my brows i'll be brushing up my brows with the spoolie so i just brush that through to see where i need to take off excess hair so i'm not taking off my hair so i'm just taking off excess hair and keeping my brow line very clean i'm doing the same thing at the top of my brows taking off excess hair as well so if you can if you notice i'm not taking off hair from my original brows so i'm just keeping the edges clean so by the way i love using half blade i'm so used to it i don't know why but it works for me i've already done my brows to see if there's any long hairs that i need to take off so i take my blade and take off any excess hair the long hairs if you can use your small scissors to trim the edges you can do that and i do the same thing by brushing up meanwhile it's not been long that i groom my brows that's why you're not seeing excess hair or long hairs so i've already groomed my brows before now so i didn't know that i'll be making this video today if not i would have left the brows a bit longer okay guys so i'm done with my grooming next i'll be applying the porn oil control i produce oil around my brows so i love to go in with these just to keep the oil at bay make sure you rub in the primer into your brows properly so there will be no white casts next is to set my brows with the sasha buttercup setting powder this also helps to hold in the oil and also make my brows look natural because i love a natural looking brows so i set before i fill my brows next i'll be filling in my brows with the hair woman brow pencil this pencil is very very affordable i said in my previous video that i'll be using very affordable products so you don't need to break the bank for you to get your makeup done i'm going to outline my brows following my natural brow line pardon me i don't like talking while i'm drawing my brows so this brow pencil is in number 18 you can get these at your local store so i'm doing the same thing at the top of my brows so be careful use a very light hand do not put pressure at all on your pencil so you will not leave the brows looking very dark so the next thing i do is to brush up my brows with a light hand as well i give my brows a very short strokes make sure that your brow pencil is very sharp you always want to fill in your brows with a very pointy pencil like this so you will not leave your brows looking very dark and then it will give you that hair like strokes that you're looking for so with a very light hand i give it a short strokes no pressure at all so i'm just filling in the space so i brush my brows through one more time to see if there's any place that i need to fill in and then i do the same thing i give the same short strokes so if you notice that your pencil tip is not sharp any longer you're sharpening it again the idea is you want your brows to come out looking very light and very nice and you want that hair like stroke so you need to sharpen your pencil for that purpose i'll be highlighting my brows with the early girl pro concealer in form i'll be highlighting my brows using this yanga beauty this is their angle brush you can use any angle brush at all or use a flat top brush like this this one goes for 2800 nera while i got this one for 1000 nera but this is my go-to angle brush for my brows anytime any day so i'll be highlighting the bottom part of my brows with the form concealer or a beginner i feel you just need like one light shade of concealer so using not just highlighting your brow bone or your brows but also do your underneath the eyes highlight i give it a short stroke i don't go at once like outlining at once so that i'll not mess up my brows i just give it a short stroke until i get to the point that i want and then i always love to start with my brow bone you can start anywhere from the beginning or anywhere but i love to start with my brow bone so i blend that out with my small blending brush you can use your finger to blend this as well so whichever works for you is fine but basically i love to use my brush in blending but your finger will still give you what you want so i'll be aligning the top of my brows but this time i'm going to be using my my foundation a skin tone foundation because i don't want the top of my brows to look different from my skin when i am done with my makeup so i'm aligning with the with a skin color foundation from milani in number 11 amber i'm doing the same short strokes that i did when i i like that my under brows so guys please if you've not subscribed yet to my channel this is a good time to subscribe because this is a series i'm going to be giving you videos back to back and then like i said in my first video if you've not watched that yet i'll be leaving the link in my description box so you go check out what we had on our first day this is day two i'm gonna be giving you tips and tricks and i also said i'll be showing you how to improvise for your products because sometimes you have one particular product that can work for something else but you don't know how to use it or you even have it right now you're not making use of it and then you're thinking how am i gonna get it that's the reason why i said this video is a very beginner's friendly you're not you do not need to break the bank for you to get yourself glammed up just go what you can follow from the beginning this series is going to be very fun and very very interactive so let me know your thoughts for this series down the comment section let me know what you want me to be putting up so please subscribe and also give this video a thumbs up please share with your friends tell them to come watch this series because it's going to be very very informative so i blend out as well you want a brows to look smashed and look well highlighted so you need to blend the edges blend the concealer or foundation into your skin properly so it will not look hushy and then give you that hello look so guys i'm going to brush the beginning part of my brows because i want this area to look very natural and like a transition if you notice this area looks very light because i didn't feel this area too much so that i'll be able to brush out and make it look very natural so guys i said in my previous videos that in my previous video that i'm going to be showing you how to improvise this is edge control instead of using a brow temer okay brow temer is about 3500 naira depending on the brand that you want to purchase but this particular one is 700 naira between the price in dollar so you know so i want to tame my brows and just make it stay put all through the day so i'm using this to brush my brows use the tail of my spoolie and then just press my brows down this will also help you to dry down quickly i don't know if you're noticing the difference already between this brows and this let me come closer so you see the difference between this brows and this one you see that this one is perfectly laid i love the way it's looking but it's looking a little bit dark like i said i love natural looking brows so instead of me using a brow tint or if you don't have you don't need to you don't need to worry at all i have this brow tint for melani and then i have this from blood cosmetics but i'm not going to use any of this remember i said i'm going to be improvising so that you know you save some crimes all right so i'm going to be taking my concealer the one i used previously in i lighting my brows just to make my brows look a little bit natural so i'll be taking that on my spoolie i just put that at the back of my hand and then i brush my brows through yes are you noticing the difference guys that's how i do if i don't want to use my brow tint you don't need to worry your head at all just use your concealer and get the job done okay so yeah guys that is it for this video thank you so much for watching if you got any value out of this video don't forget to give this video a huge thumbs up leave a comment below and also don't forget to subscribe right here and ring the bell beside it so you don't miss new videos thank you so much for watching stay tuned stay blessed and stay beautiful till i come your way next time bye guys


The Pantheon of Trajan and Hadrian is one of the best-preserved temples from the ancient world, but let's take a look at what was the precursor, which was the model for this extraordinary temple. The name is still preserved on the Hadrianic monument. Marcus Agrippa made this monument in his third consulship. That's the original Pantheon constructed in 25 BC, but it is destroyed in a fire in the year 80. And Agrippa's Pantheon was rebuilt by Domitian, but that Pantheon in turn was destroyed in a fire in 110 that led to the final construction of the Pantheon that we see and enjoy today. What can we say about the original Pantheon of Agrippa? Well, we know from soundings that it had the same proportions and dimensions, a large porch facing north followed by a rotunda. And it communicated across the flood plain of the campus marshes with the entrance of the mausoleum of Augustus. There was a conversation going on here in the time of Augustus between the Pantheon of Agrippa and the mausoleum of Augustus. And that is the gods were placed inside the original Pantheon, this temple of all the gods as it became known as.  So it was very obvious to the people of Augustan Rome what Agrippa had intended with his Pantheon. And in fact, there were two niches that are still preserved in the porch of the Hadrianic Pantheon. Those niches recall what the ancient sources tell us existed in the Agrippin Pantheon, two niches for Agrippa and Augustus. After Augustus modestly refused to have his statue placed inside the temple, he needed to die first before he could be a god and be placed inside the temple, which included a statue of Divus Luneus, divine Julius Caesar. There are so many colossal statues of Augustus, they're not hard to imagine in the Pantheon, but here's a rare colossal one of Agrippa himself, now today located in Venice, Archaeological Museum. So we know we have the original plan of the Pantheon with the rotunda and porch preserved underneath the Hadrianic Pantheon. But what's the inspiration for the Pantheon of Agrippa? Well, there are many places we can look. Let's start off in the Forum of Augustus. What you have here is a response to the Forum of Caesar. Now you have Augustus making his own form and the standout feature for me looking at it is that you have these two Exidrai. You have behind the typical portico surrounding a Forum, you have two Exidrai which were roofed over and if we were to put those two Exidrai together, you're going to be able to form much like the dimensions of the rotunda of the Pantheon. So it's not by chance these proportions are so similar. There's another kind of conversation going on here between the Forum of Augustus and the Pantheon that you have with the Pantheon and the great mausoleum of Augustus, a wonder of the world. So we have at least an architectural template that seems to be recalling the ground plan and the dimensions of the original Pantheon of Agrippa. So no one thinks today in the scholarship that there was the technology to vault over, to have that concrete dome at the time of Agrippa for the original Pantheon. Certainly we have it for the Trojanic-Haderianic Pantheon and when we look around at the dome structures and the time of Augustus and even the later Julio-Claudians, nothing comes close. The closest is this, the so-called Temple of Mercury in Baia in the Bay of Naples. So to roof over the Pantheon we turn to the use of timbers and truss work and in fact just down the street in the campus marshes there was the Deripatorium, the hall for counting the ballots for the voting taking place in the Sipta. The Deripatorium famously rebuilt by Agrippa and it was famed for being the largest roofed space in antiquity. So it would make sense then that Agrippa, who was building the Deripatorium, a standout feature, its roof was then capable also of roofing over the Pantheon in wood originally. Another feature of Agrippa's Pantheon was this. Diogenes of Athens decorated his Pantheon with columns, some of which had the shape of karyatids and they were considered some of the most beautiful sculptures in the city of Rome in the time of Agrippa and there were other statues placed in the pediment of the temple as well. So says Pliny the Elder. So what were those karyatid figures? Well we can take a look at karyatid figures that are contemporary that are here in the Markets of Trajan today but we're decorating the form of Augustus contemporary with Agrippa's Pantheon and where did they come from? They were miniature versions of these karyatid figures which were copied we know in the time of Augustus and Agrippa when they were in Athens that belonged to the Rektheon, one of the great high classical temples on the Acropolis. So we think then that somewhere in the decoration of the Agrippin Pantheon there were these kind of karyatid figures maybe on a reduced scale as we have for the form of Augustus but they were of bronze. Another example of how magnificently decorated the Pantheon of Agrippa once was. There are so many fascinating stories that are associated with the Pantheon of Agrippa. Another story by Pliny the Elder is that Cleopatra made a bet against Mark Antony as to who could spend the most amount of money in a single meal. So she took one of her pearl earrings and dissolved it in vinegar and consumed it. The story continues that after Mark Antony and Cleopatra lost to Augustus the Battle of Actium and then ultimately Alexandria and Egypt fell the surviving pearl earring was brought to Rome cut in half and used to decorate the ears of this statue of Venus inside Agrippa's Pantheon. Diana records that there's not just a statue of Venus inside but also one of Mars and of course Agrippa placed a statue of Julius Caesar. The divine Julius Caesar inside we've already talked about Agrippa and Augustus being outside in the porch. In recent scholarship there's been an evaluation of many of the features of the Hadrianic Pantheon like the height of the doorway here of the Hadrianic Pantheon maybe indebted to that original one of Agrippa. So we have a lot of details we can probably still glean from a close inspection of the Trojanic Hadrianic Pantheon and finally let's consider what this monument originally was in the time of Agrippa. It was celebrating the divinization of the ruler Augustus was outside not yet a god but his father Divus Julius was inside. Where's the inspiration coming from when we look at that architectural feature there was in fact a Tkion a temple dedicated to Tk a kingmaker deity and patron of Alexandria Egypt that probably served as some form of inspiration for the Agrippin Pantheon. So there's a lot more that we can talk about this wonderful lost monument and there's so much more we can study about ancient Rome. Thanks for watching thanks for subscribing take one of our courses and join us in Rome and throughout the Mediterranean and don't forget to subscribe to our newsletter for links to free lectures every month.


Hi everybody, it's Jen with opensource.com and I'm bringing you the top five articles this week, December 8th through the 12th. Every week I look at the numbers and look at social media, see how things have been going, and bring you the most popular articles. You can see all of the links to the articles in the notes below, and then I publish the article every Saturday. So let's get started. At number five we have OpenMotix, Improves Home Automation. OpenMotix is an open source home automation hardware and software system that offers features like switching lights and outputs, multi-zone heating and cooling, power measurements, and automated actions. Frederick Rickboss is a backend developer for OpenMotix and explains that installation, configuration, and price are where home automation typically falls down. He shows us how OpenMotix sets out to fix that. At number four, open source for sensitive email. Oliver Theory of Zimbra says that open source software is the answer for government agencies or business entities relying on secure email. He names power in numbers, trust, and leverage as the three components of open source software that allows for high levels of security and privacy in email. At number three this week, do you need programming skills to learn Linux? So a few months ago I took the Introduction to Linux course offered through edX. It's an 18 chapter course with lots of reading, some videos, and a casual level of testing your knowledge. My main goal in taking the course was to get a better, high level understanding of Linux. So I installed Linux on my Chromebook too. In this article, see what it was like to test out Linux for the first time and dive deeper into the command line. If you're a coder, developer, or have been in tech for many years, you may recall those days yourself. It's been a fun adventure and I definitely look forward to learning more about Linux in the future. P.S. On the subject, this week we published a neat interview I did with Elaine Moreno of Lady Coders Productions on whether or not marketing professionals should learn to code. At number two this week, making your IT infrastructure boring with Ansible. Michael DeHaan of Ansible gives a short talk at Red Hat Tower in Raleigh prior to the All Things Open conference this year on why Ansible was created. Pretty much, he wants his admins to spend less time doing the monotonous stuff and more time on creative and interesting things for the project they work on. And at number one this week, it's tinkering with the Raspberry Pi A+. Luis Ibanez, our community moderator with an open hardware fascination, opens up another Raspberry Pi board from A to fruit and tinkers around. He compares it to the Raspberry Pi B+, and brings up coder on it as well, like he did with the B+, a couple of weeks ago. See those articles in the notes below. And finally, I wanted to remind you guys that our open source holiday gift guide is on the site. Check it out for some great ideas for gadgets and other neat open hardware gifts for those people in your life that might really get into that. Thanks so much and join me next week. See ya.


Here in Eastern Kentucky, we are all about community and helping out one another. And that was no different today at the Pikeville High School PEP rally as they got ready for some football Friday night action. Kent Thacker of Kentucky Farm Bureau had made the gesture to pay for every student of Pikeville Independent Schools K-12 to attend all sporting events all year long for free. Here's what Kent had to say. It's been a great day. I was approached by the Pikeville Athletic Department about getting all the students into all the sporting events for free. And so I just kind of thought it was a great idea and with Farm Bureau we were able to make that happen today so I just wanted to appreciate all the Pikeville staff for the good work they've been doing of the Ohio Athletic Department and just hope this helps out the kids and get everyone out. Thank you. Thank you.


That is, Morin Osoro Nyamisa Mendegatua Po-A, I don't know what's going on, is it a past mark A, B, C? I don't get it, and Morin, oh, still having some love, they say, oh, it was a past mark, so we're giving an A. I like that, I like that. Kipulagat Jafan Chelengem E-N-G E-C-E-R-O Buddha, that's a mouthful. Kabi-saga Ward Nandy County Watching Live, Nikama Kawai, dan dani yakke Shabik o, nipaate kwa, country your phone number, on air, my friend, but thank you for watching the E-Sackie To Appreciate it. Jokesi joki, ane sama nax locked, and you can't sit on one's lap because one may be jealous. That's what I'm saying, I don't understand why the ladies were saying it's okay. Sama feelings ita kuja to eventually. Ras bashir were wa busiya na sama watching at Fort Jesus busiya, desa Fort Jesus it busiya. Okay, so, so, we'll fred ita nui asama ololunga narok is watching. Thank you for watching. Erastas kitonga na sama in Eldoret. Thank you for watching from Eldoret. Kumbuka tuna kogetuna naza 8am to 12 noon. Mi gori wa nitriki. I do agree. Actually, I think that's the summary of today's question. It is very tricky because one, oki kata wa monyae, it looks like maybe you're feelings, that's why una kata. On the other hand, oki tikiya, zella sinduena zoku kuja. So, it's very, very tricky. I do agree with you siri viki. Ladasha kasha na sama Eldoret. It tuned. Thank you for watching the E-Circuit Owen Gray locked out of Marish. Thank you for watching the E-Circuit. We'll continue reading the more comments on that topic and also you can send in your request to the E-Circuit and Y2F channel on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. As I said earlier, we have an interesting interview here by Mteule Nemo. I hope I'm pronouncing it correctly. Yeah, you're right. Karibukwani E-Circuit. It's your first time here? Yeah, my first time bro. You came into the scene. You're an Afro pop, Afro fusion artist. Afro fusion artist. I came into the scene in 2017 with you. My first song, Elohim. Elohim, which is a gospel track. Yeah, gospel. But we were having a conversation earlier about the genres. Would you call yourself a gospel artist or Afro fusion? Or what is it exactly? Where do you classify yourself? For now, what I can say in kwa mba, it's like dealing me, it's not you. Me nemu na mziki amba an takani nifiki kila mutu ni mambe kenda kumambia. You get? So, I'm a musician. That's what I can say. To quit the tomesani? Yeah. Ketchu na zamkana, kuna modernariu, kuna pigia, kapuka, najiwa ma-dansulu. Like, I'm there to kufikise kenta kawapate. Now, you have a very inspirational story. Yeah. Because, do you mind telling us about it? I don't want to get into it. Meza is softens. Yeah, just kidding. Meza. Yeah. So, I'm telling you my name is Nelson Atuia. Actually, I'm a Kishi. I've been working with a Kishi from Namira County. Now, what do I say? Tell us what led to you becoming an archin? Because it's a drastic change from being in a comfortable home then all of a sudden you're an archin. What are the circumstances that led to that? Kulikwana family issues ni ngembazdeze kawazdeze lewee. Nadiawa. Nibadiya sababu mba mimi leyatu na usya na mizuna familiyango. Na, so iliapeni kumba, ni effectsa ni katoka nimbani, naren away from home in Kanda Street. That's Kikitaletown. Why became an archin for good for years? Yeah. From there, nika kutana Rafiangon to Ryan Shumeka is a light but based in America. Ugemi at least, upontunity yaku make a different life. So aliko pa tia sasa ni umba? Ya, kani pa tia. Shudu na yuwa paying maskrufis na nadia. Na, these are circumstances but those is yabadi lika and where they could reconcile. As yabadi lika. As yabadi lika, because now 2014 is when I decided na let me go back home. So katina Rudi Nyumbani let me say this kidogo. It was on a Tuesday, me fika Nyumbani na nika para mamangu nimugonjo. Alikwana Bruce Kanzan, alikwa hospitali. So, siku feel like ni genda kumuna. Nika sama, wonezile jini pumuzike tazde ni nini wonezile. So wonezile nika, nika nimi sumbu kasa na, na I went to the hospital, nika muwana toka na mam. Akoa poa, you know. So on tazde li ko batimbaka akayaga dunia. So from then to muzika mam, my family is like kuna wile tulenda kusumbu wana. Wonezile skia nimi toka straight and plaz, ele mentality na dwa. So, eka road back kule studio, kwanza maile fun nika toka Nyumbani so ikawa nisturunde wu. Lakin ni out of that circumstance, we wish you all the best with that, by the way. Thank you, bro. And so ita kuwa resolved in due time. Out of that circumstance, bada kuna some good ni litokelazea. Someone a producer manyu li ko menda naia primaries ko nika bata naia nisa mu lefanya naia track in 2017. Ya, so tu me kutana, ni kia mu, tu semi, tu semi produce ni manager, ni manager wangu. No, he's also your manager. Ya, no, ya he's my manager. So ni nu gamba tu me gro naia. Tu me gro naia, tu me juana, tu li ko naia dream, tu me gro tiki dream, tro ku tro kuwa at least of tika maile to do something. Naia li ko aware of whatever ki li ko kinenda naia, me li ko mu nangia about it. Ya, ya. Actually, tiki o tini ni just to me to me form band to do music, you know. Ya, so... So me li ko a close atakutaka kitama? Ya, very close, very close. So ima hapini kuamba ya mu fanya is a director, dupia na fanya videos ni gudwa. So alafi mu hapini kuamba mi fanya ni kia naza imba, li senza ni di kia naza imba. So ima fanya uzuri na, aia na uzuri uzuri katufant kwa karebuzaidi, you know. So from there tukanzu janiye tumbama to fiksha pana inkompliti. Ya. Inkompliti actually ima debut 2 days ago on YouTube, so make sure you check it out. But after the interview, nazwa fengizu kuaraka skuze misimu. Tuli a kwanza kidoko. Ya, ya, ya. Now before to ingile inkompliti, the first song in deo audio me haza kufanya, in deo video kemo ama kuza kufanya, reception li kuwaze. Ili kuwanzuri kusabu ili kuwa nizuri wato lipenda na na shukurumu kusabu kila sikodoni likuipenda. Na nili kuwamali jana people wana imba to wana imba wana ipenda. It's a nice song, I guess. So na shukurumu kusana. Inka mani feva akimaze. Na nikulize, nini na kwa attract kwa in industry yato ya music? Wan ni makosani enza kuna fanya, mistakes emba enza kuna fanya, no. Kuna usia wakoku enza na tumia upatia atenshi ni dusinsu waditaka usia upatia na usitun expect kuna kitu na faku tu patia bata wa tu pati. So na mi na feel like neza pati kenya enza wengi namba kitu upatia. Kitu tofa uti ya enya upatia. Ya enya upatia. I'm not trying to say kwa mba wasia wana. Wakona bata sinu kama na lenga wana asyum, ya na feeli kuna vila upatia wazuri. Takło ka tapes nauxum m preliminary at nuevos. ja asya axi nelsum wermani atuha multiplaps kuna pyesk wa somaliz na jenga. I'm also an actor. So, I'm working on a project into a painted mirror. Painted mirror? Omu na wakia na nani? Namutoneza kupata apia iyon e piya. Aja mazikand, kusbata na sumbana izima TV na juwa. Pia nia zingene mazina kwa ningori kwa ya kwa kwa na nini. But, I'm working on a series, a painted mirror. It's a nice story. Nani piya. Nani piya na ni witumabutu mwagutu kifana mwa suming film na diya film ya. Ka wuna dooribu kumix zote ustani na sasakuku kwa actor? Ya, no, si it try kwenix na nifana juna feeling na nizia nifana nawezo maza. No, no, nizia zeta bwaza utimbele ya. Actually sit naon na nawezo na nifana, ya. Kabisa kabisa? Ya mazie. Sa, kabisa. To nataka kwa wind up, but nataka on nialaze in complete. Ya. Because now nani kama vilon na dika piya win, but kuna mazine na toka. So, inspirations are incompletely kwa? Incompletely is a true story. It's a true story. Actually, kila kichomba ni me sema before, it's ini me mentionu kwa song. Ya. So, wakati mamangu miyaga kuna wala mamakada wa li feel like this guy wuki jyana baki prekeke ana faku pati opportunities na chances a ku ya kwa muntuni future kwa zeta kwa mamangu ma nadiwa. So, kuna wala mamangu wala kwa afiki, za kwa mamangu wala impate some cash, at least go and record him ziku and look for him ziki. So, na mi ni kafil, kama ni rafiki za kena ma impate ana, na feel this, ini wakati muzu ni ni appreciate mamangu. At least, before ni any message, other messages at least wachin ni mu appreciate ni kogunizing and all that, mu appreciate maze. Atakiyo apinyakwa na raise tini pisa kiyo maze ni lacha. Lacha ma na me dunia ni. Ben fi kia ni message. Miko zini ukulia misha na diyo. She was my friend, I miss you maze. So, piiiko dediketu kwa atuengi na wala labda mafe certain situations kama hezo? Ya, we all know that wana mamangu wana upendo a nadiwa slime kubuwa. So, wana labya ukuli. Do you get? They are two friends. So, kwa wala utamba ukuna, wami go through what I've gone through. Atakiyo wala kwa exactly what I've gone through, but mu appreciate maze. Maze, this is a song. Feel like you're missing her more and more. Okay, yeah. Asa ntisa na amtili ni. Asa ntisa na amtili ni. Asa ntisa na amtili ni. Asa ntisa na amtili ni. Kuku kujako ni the East Circuit tunanguajetuna anticipate. Aiyo series ni na kujana pamoja na nmbo zi ni na mpi amtili ni. Ya, nashkuku kuna pati opportunity albi hiya. Atakuna kujapat least. Ya, last ma maudie kenye toko nao. I love you. Please give me one meeting and I'll see ken ta kumbe ya. Ta kumbe ya. Like, in social media ziko pali like situa peken tunapati ya. So, it's so, it's so embarrassing come up to na ka links tunapati na post things kwa social media, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, but ni ni ku like to, ni ku like to, to make ya pali, click kwezu links, watch, subscribe maze. But ya, comment too. Atakama iku na saka comment to atramind. No? Mmm. Ya. Asa ntisa na kwa iwa message. Na, I think that's the truth.  Maze. Just share the music the music videos and One thousand likes but we can go YouTube maze two subscribers you know, so na shindwa waliwa na but ni kulengo lenga mania na wazana. Ha ha ha Like ni, another knee on the stasemani wukenya. Stasemani wukenya. I think I'd be going too far niki sama iwa. But we're about to watch your music video and I'm sure it's up to the proper support na the YouTube channel in itwa Mteule. Ya, Mteule Nemu. Subscribe maze. Share the link. Tashikuru sana. Mmm. Safi sana. This is Mteule Nemu in complete.