I want to remind our church as we are ending a particular fast right now I know a lot of people are continuing until 21 days not just full fast from eating But Daniel fast, I know some people came up to me that what they're doing just from Sun up to Sun down for next 21 days I'm personally doing a few things for 21 days that were very very Attaching to my heart and I'm trusting God and believing Praying not just for God to give me something new God has fortunately blessed me Personally in that stage of my life. I have a beautiful wife. I have a wonderful home Fabulous car and I have a ministry But the thing that I know my life is not about me My life is about the purpose and your life is about the purpose and the vision of impacting the world for Christ We are believing this year as I announced last Sunday for 1,000 soul harvest this year as somebody say amen We will impact millions globally and thousands locally can somebody say amen. I Ask you that as you fasting don't never fast to lose weight. That's us by When you're praying don't just pray to be religious Those things that they're just side effects pray fast and give with the purpose And don't just set the purpose. I want to get new shoes. You'll get thousands on your shoes Don't just pray just God just give me just 1 million that's good But just pray for million souls believe with big things because when you ask for those things Like God stole Solomon.  It thinks you deep desire, but you don't even bring him to the surface because he said they're important I'm gonna work on them, but God and his grace is gonna supply those needs can somebody say amen Let's put our hands together for Jesus Christ. I want to just give a very short report that we are very Very huge. There's two main visions in our church one is thousands locally The second one is millions globally meaning our local church here is to impact our community and to impact the world through our church And God is bringing new people every single service our youth services are growing things are gonna be even going further and further Through our conferences through the internship through the trips and everything but the part of our ministry that is also very huge is to impact the world Is to impact the world and that is done typically through the trips I take I'm gonna leave tonight in about a few hours Go preach about nine times and be back on Friday night And so I'm really believing first to meet Pastor Benin and And secondly to see people healed and to see people delivered And so the trips that I take the trips that our pastors take and through our television and ministry through our social media through YouTube through livestream we believe through these venues and then we believe one day that God is gonna allow us to have crusades and conferences in Other parts of the world in other parts that are not in our city, but everything great starts small I want to just give you a little Overview those of you who are members class and Friday you heard this last year just through our YouTube. We had Just through our YouTube. We had first of all through our website 66 visitors 66,000 visitors visited our website and our website received 113,000 visits in just one year 113,000 visits on the average person spent three minutes on our website Which is amazing most of the websites fight create funny contact put new Pictures on the first front to keep people for 30 seconds for three minutes People stay on our website on the average and so I believe that there's something that God is already doing through our YouTube last year we have had 7,300,000 minutes of been watched of our videos in the whole year 7 million minutes on the average person watched our YouTube for 11 minutes straight We had 6,590 shares of our videos and we've gained two and a half thousand new Subscribers as of today. I think we have about seven thousand subscribers on YouTube in our Facebook just in the last year alone We've gained about three thousand likes and as of now we have about six and a half and to put that in perspective Not to brag but in tri cities We are like on the top and the church behind us is a very wonderful church That we love Bethlehem Church, which has about sick three thousand likes so little just a little difference and so And this is to show this is this is not to compare but this is to show that we are very strategic Thousands locally well Bethel is doing thousands look a little bit better Millions globally amen, and we will impact the world with the message of Jesus Christ Let's put our hands together one more time for Jesus Christ and Everyone who is watching us even right now, you know We welcome you and we want to let you know that this this is the place that you can watch and benefit from as we are going to Go into the message today. I will have quite few scriptures that I will quickly go through If you miss some of the notes I want to remind you if you have a you version Bible you can follow hungry generation and Or you can click on the three little arrows on the way up bottom of your you version and the notes of the whole message Is there you can follow them through and even save them on your own phone I want to speak this morning, and if the Lord wills for next few weeks about a rhythm of Revival next Sunday, we want to do a special prayer of praying against addictions the bad addictions and the good addictions We want to really spend time praying for that each service that we pray in here We pray for the viewers those parts are cut and also applauded to our website as some of you know Google has granted us our church $10,000 each month to spend in Google searches So $10,000 is spent and there's a big portion of that money that goes into reach all around America That if somebody types prayer on Google that we show up first and they go to a link Where we show our prayers and they can submit their prayer requests So these prayers that we pray every service as we're gonna pray for today It's also just for us, and it's also to impact people who are outside of us. Amen a rhythm of revival Remember driving on a Sylvester Street and seeing the the seven-day Adventist Church They have these awesome quotes, and they had this quote this week may your troubles be as long as your New Year's resolutions I'm like that will preach New Year's New Year's resolutions are good But what's better is when you turn your New Year's resolutions into New Year routines When you establish a rhythm when you establish a momentum when you just establish certain Consistency in your life. We see that in the scriptures that Jesus was very interested in his followers That they not just have the leaps of faith, but they have a lifestyle of faith We know people in the Bible who had leaps of faith, you know the woman with the issue of blood She had great faith blind Bartimaeus had great faith Ilya mentioned today about the woman who had a daughter. She had great faith Sincerian he had a great faith. We see the guy whose daughter was that he had great faith and these guys had great leaps of faith and Disciples they always struggle with their faith Every rebuke disciples God is always you don't have enough faith. Why are you doubting? Why are you afraid? Because lifestyle of faith is not developed in the moment It's not developed because you have a problem It's developed because you're close to God and God produces something inside of your spirit that changes your inner substance And it's interesting in the book of Acts. You don't see the woman with the issue of blood You don't see the blind Bartimaeus. You don't see the 10 lepers You don't see none of the guys who had leaps of faith the people who change the world are those who Struggled with their faith and then had a lifestyle of faith That's why the Bible says righteous. They live Not just jump For a moment of need, but it's a lifestyle whether I'm sick or healthy Blessed or struggling financially marriage is doing good or not I'm developing a rhythm and that rhythm results in me not just having a miracle having miracles and Becoming someone else's miracle And somebody say amen and so this is what I want to talk about today the benefit of Developing a lifestyle developing a consistency will be I will focus a little bit more on healing I'll have few quotes that I came across what it says All bad habits start slowly and gradually and before you know you have a habit and then The habit has you bad habits are like a comfortable bed Very easy to get into Very hard to get out of Habits are like a cable We weave a strand of it every day and soon it cannot be broken As statistics says there's a 21 90 rule it takes 21 days to create a habit 90 days to make it into a lifestyle Many people take 21 days for example, and they create a habit Creating a habit does not change it into a lifestyle It takes 90 day of something for it to become your lifestyle For example, if you want to get fit this year and you sign up to Jim and for next 21 days you go to Jim That is great that a small little flickering light, but for that to change your life You got to keep it at least for 90 days and then as another university did a study that The Duke University Researcher in 2006 found that more than 40% of all our actions that people perform each day Aren't actual decisions They're automatic Your health will become automatic positive thinking becomes automatic healthy financial decisions like saving investing becomes automatic Waking up early becomes automatic, you know watching your sugars become automatic coming to church on time instead of 10 minutes late Comes automatic, you know tithing giving all of those things become become automatic for something to become automatic You create a habit and then you fight for that habit to become a lifestyle, and then it just goes automatically Because somebody say man in the Bible we see also many scriptures for example like Paul His custom was to go to the church in Acts 17 verse 2 We see Jesus often withdrew into wilderness to pray in Luke chapter 5 verse 16 In Luke chapter 4 verse 16 the Bible says that Jesus had a custom on The Sabbath he would go to church people have a custom today to sleep in on Sunday instead of going to church And they're saying I'm more like Christ because I love God. I don't like the church Jesus had a custom the synagogue that crucified him. He went to every Sabbath. That was his custom The Bible says Daniel pray three days as his custom was it says three times a day and prayed and gave thanks before God as Was his custom since early days as a teenager Daniel prayed three times a day He was nobody he was a eunuch so most likely to remove his manhood his he was a slave He continued to pray and then he endured through four Dynasties and he always remained on the top and impacted the Babylonian kingdom and impacts the world today his Habit was praying three times a day most of us. We have a great habit if this would have been written about us We say our habit and custom is to eat seven times a day Let's learn something from Daniel and then we'll learn from the Bible to continue in the Lord To continue in the grace of God to continue in faith and this they will just switch them really quickly Continue earnestly in prayer to continue in brotherly love and to continue to believe in the Lord Bible all over is Pushing this idea God doesn't want you to have a mount and top experience God wants you to have a lifestyle in which you see God's glory and God's power That you don't look back to your old days when you prayed when that's when you fasted That's when you saw the glory of God, but your past days yesterday today and tomorrow Talking to Apostle John she yesterday and so I asked him how the New Year's service went and he had a prayer line yesterday And he said he's a prayer line on New Year's was good Just just three people got out of the wheelchairs. They're gonna testify He said that's just just three people are a good out of the wheelchairs it's just a lifestyle and He doesn't have that were once in a very long time some big happens every service Something good happens and God wants us to live like that as a church and to live like that as individuals Can somebody say amen put your hands together for Jesus Christ? With me setting this up. I'm gonna go briefly into the word of God if you have your Bible Let's go together to look chapter 17 verse 11 and verse 19 and we will take our proof text From there you can make it maybe one verse at a time a little bit too much It's kind of hard to see Then he entered a certain village there met him ten men who were lepers who stood afar off They lifted their voices and said Jesus master have mercy on us when he saw them He said to them go you show yourself to the priests So it was as they went they were cleansed and one of them when he saw that he was healed returned and with the loud voice Somebody said loud voice He glorified God and fell down on his face at his feet giving him thanks and he was a Samaritan So Jesus answered and said we're not the ten cleansed where are the nine Were there not any found who returned to give glory to God except his foreigner and he said to him arise Go your way. Your faith has made you well Leprosy like they call it Henson's disease today. That's not very rare in the country. We're living in in other countries tropical nations there It's it's still a very prevalent disease word leprosy is mentioned about 68 times in the Bible And many times it's mentioned as a reference and a lot of scholars and Bible theologians They use it as a reference to sin because as leprosy Leprosy is ugly leprosy is lonesome. It's incurable and it's Contaminating it separates man for it separates men from society and from their family Actually in the viticose even if you're a leper and you wore a garment that garment had to be burned because leprosy come in contact with it And that's exactly what happens when we live in sin if we put on sin We we have to go to fire because God has nothing to do with sin God separates himself from that But today I don't want to spiritualize this story that will do an injustice Injustice to the text because in reality Jesus didn't heal them of sin. He healed them of a skin disease incurable skin disease and Jesus in the Bible presents to us as our healer Both for our body and for our soul Jesus came to heal the broken hearted. He is the healer for your soul and healer for your body Our soul plays a very big role in our health Many times when people get abused or they experience rejection They develop wounds and the wounds that are neglected become infected Wounds that are neglected become infected and they attract demonic activity in the person's life When the person goes through rape when the person goes through molestation Abandonment when the person goes through fatherlessness when harsh words are spoken to them It wounds their soul and if the Lord Jesus Christ and his word the church and home group and Consoling doesn't surround to bring healing that person develops an infection Which it's already unfair what happened to them and now that infection calls out to demons to come and Torment them Bob Larson when we were Took him out to eat after one of the conferences and Bob Larson looked at me and he said this He said Vlad when I go outside of America the number one cause for demonic possession in people is witchcraft in America he said number one cause for demonic possession is abuse more demons attack people in America because of abuse as in other countries Because of involvement with the cold and witchcraft Jesus is our healer in our heart and in our body. Amen. Let's put our hands together for Jesus Christ We see that these lepers they were together and when they saw Jesus they cried out for mercy. I Want you to write down point number one they asked for mercy not an explanation Jesus was God.  You feel excruciating pain You can never be in a society because your disease is so contaminated that if you come in contact with someone else The other person gets the same disease. You can never visit your family.  He's walking in your street If you would have the opportunity to ask Jesus one question in this sickness in this pain a lot of us What we would do is we would first ask him why? Did this happen to me? Why did you allow me to be abused? Why did you allow me to get these tumors in my body? Why did you allow this problem in my bones or in my blood or in my kidneys? Why did you allow someone to mess with me with why I was so innocent? Why? Let's see lepers knew they only have one chance Questions are important, but they're not gonna fix the skin only his mercy well And so they said they put their questions aside and they recognized that when you come before God You must come with a broken attitude not demanding healing But asking for mercy I'm gonna work charismatic, you know Pentecostal Loud church we believe in rebuking showering confessing possessing blabby grab it name it claim it It's important to understand we demand from the devil We command the circumstances, but we don't command and demand with God God we commune with God we fellowship with God we get broken before God We lay before him and say Lord you will be done. We recognize he sits above the earth See the earth It's just a small little planet There's over a hundred earths will fill the Sun and our galaxy alone our galaxy Fits about stars that are size of our son about 100 billion and Then there is 100 billion galaxies and there is God So when you come throwing your fist You respect God sits above The galaxies the Bible says heaven is my throne and the earth is just my footstool That's why it's important when you come to God. He says and then him I will look he who trembles before my word and who has a contrary heart when you come to him Not demanding but pleading asking Surrendering your life. This is what happens. You then is empowered To rebuke and to demand from the devil This somebody say a man You know, there was a prodigal son and the prodigal son had this issue is that he knew his rights He knew his rights He knew what belonged to him and he came to his father and he said father Please divide your inheritance among me and my brother which is another words to say father Please die faster and give me the money He didn't care about his father He just cared about his rights and the father who if that would have been my father. He says get lost Really? I'm gonna give you inheritance. You want me dead? Go? I won't say Just just leave and the father it's amazing how the father is so gracious even with the stupidity of his son With the foolishness with the fact that he doesn't care about the father He only cares about the stuff and the father is still big enough to have mercy instead of in spite of his foolishness Yet his foolishness didn't have mercy on him The father gives him what he needs he leaves his squanders everything and then he comes back to the father And this is what he said to his father. He said father Make me like your service See God wants you to come to him with an attitude Not just you owe me not just with your rights Never focus on your rights with God focus on your relationship and Then you will stand in your rights to tell the devil to give back To slow down to get out then you will look at the mountain and the mountain will obey you Well, our words have no power against the circumstances and demons if they first were not empowered in our Communion and fellowship with the Holy Spirit because somebody say amen Ask for mercy not an explanation. Come on. Put your hands together for Jesus Christ I want you to go down point number two is that Jesus does not only heal them when they prayed He healed them when they obeyed Jesus heals when you pray and when you obey I want you to see this paradox Jesus does not touch the lepers like he did in the other instance. He doesn't They don't touch him from a distance. Jesus says go and show yourself to the priest Means go and show yourself to the priest the priests at the time were not just the pastors They were also the physicians because for you to have a clean bill of health from your skin disease and to live in a Society you have to get a clean bill of health from the priest. So priest was also like a doctor So Jesus is telling them go and show yourself to the priest Jesus nowhere indicated they will get healed Jesus nowhere promised they will get healed and the scriptures says as they heard that and they walked as they walked They were healed see some healings come when you pray when someone prays Some healings come when you obey and work out the scripture in your personal life This testimony was so beautiful today I had an opportunity after prayer this morning to to go home and watch this testimony I told my wife I was like you got to put this testimony in because this is so powerful of how a man heard it for Four-stage terminal disease and on his own took the word of God Nobody prayed for him and he started to obey the word of God work the word of God and the power of Jesus That is manifested through prayer and through obedience kicked in through obedience and it Dumpfounded the doctors and it strengthened his faith and today is strengthened your faith as well Because somebody say a man the Bible says that God sent his word and he healed them The scripture also says in Proverbs chapter 4 verse 20 my son give attention to my words Incline your ear to my saying do not let them depart from your eyes Keep them in the middle of your heart for they are life to those who find them and health to all their flesh In original Hebrew the word health to all their flesh is the same word for medicine God is saying through this word My son he's speaking to you my daughter give attention to my words Incline your ear to what I say do not let them depart from your eyes And if you don't know how to do that the way you do with Facebook That's kind of about the same Keep them in the midst of your heart. That's how snapchart is For they are alive and God says the other things are good But this is life to those who find them and if you are sick This is medicine see God's word is not just it's not just letters on the page in the spiritual world In the area of your body where you don't see your car, you know a call and you don't see your kidneys You don't see your blood vessels. You don't see your bones But in a spiritual structure of your body which created by the word God says my words that created your body if you allow them to go inside and you keep them inside and follow these Instructions they will become a medicine to the very organs. I created with my word Can somebody say amen push your hands together for Jesus When you go to the doctor Sometimes the doctor will perform a surgery on you on the spot if you have a dislocated shoulder Put it right back in if you have a certain thing. I've been twice operated I go into the doctor and they put me under little little thing I knock out and then the doctor takes his little thing and he got a little bit of my eye and did some stuff And didn't really help too much, but nevertheless he did it right there He didn't give me no medicine to take home. That's how he cured The second way most doctors will treat you is not in the room is they will give you this thing called prescription where you go and get medicine and on the medicine you see the Prescription of taking this once a day twice a day three times or seven times a day and then you go home You apply the medicine and then the medicine begins to do the magic in your life because someone say man That's how Jesus is many times Jesus will heal right in the service somebody's praying on TV Boom healing came to your body you go to a conference boom healing came into your body But there are many healings our Lord the physician will heal people by not Doing it in the room, but by giving them instructions to follow in his word Prescription and as they follow the prescription It begins to manifest in their body and somebody say a man Medicine the word of God is like medicine if you can put up the things how the word of God is like medicine The word of God is like medicine in the fact that it's a healing agent The word of God is a healing agent to your body Like medicine is is a healing agent you look at that little tablet. Look how in the world is this small tablet knows My headache, I mean have you ever thought about how will it this this Advil pill? What if I mean that's gonna go down my head is right here. I need to go up But somehow that pill was designed when you look at that you don't question it you don't google it You don't try to understand it you trust the doctor you swallow that thing up and next thing it happens Is that your headache which is up and the pill went down? Begins to subside if you look at the second thing that this does The healing the medicine the word of God is like healing what it does is It has no respect out of persons medicine doesn't look at you if you're white black young old Medicine works for everyone who applies it.  It only works in you Same thing is with the word of God the word of God as long as it's on your phone It won't work as long as it's on your shelf. It doesn't work You have to start taking the word from the Bible the Bible says put it in the midst of your heart Not in the midst of your room Not just in the midst of your Facebook post We I see verses coming up to me every day. I asked one man how do you read your Bible? He just every day Bible version just sends me a one inspiring verse that is awesome but when you're sick not enough and Medicine takes time to work if you take an Advil pill for example You have a headache or if you have some other thing you understand you don't expect in a split second The only time that happens if you take drugs But medicine doesn't work like heroin Meris medicine it takes time 20 30 minutes you wait you don't go panic go to the doctor say you lied to me It's such a horrible person you are abusing the hurting people No, you allow time to for that medicine to soak in in your body same thing with God's word you go in applying God's word You don't just drop it next week. I didn't work You didn't take it long enough for that to begin to kick in your life because somebody say man I read a testimony this week of two teachers in a Christian school Both of these teachers one teacher had a class of children with disabilities And the other teacher had a class with two children who were at risk and they had very big problems very big behaviors not mental but very big Emotional behavior and a lot of bad reckless behavior in school So they put them in a separate class for these teachers what these teachers started to do It's a Christian school. So what they did is they they started to each day before each lesson They made a list of about 10 healing verses and they had the whole class Read the healing verses together with the teacher Every time they had a class By the end of the school year all of the kids in a special learning disability were dismissed Into the normal school in normal classes Parents were coming and asking the teacher. What did you do with our children? They were they did not even know what was happening when they were reading those healing verses before the class Something was happening Medicine was being put in into their bones into their brain nerves into the brain chemicals things were being changed Amen, I heard a story of one doctor who had a lady and she was on a stage four last stage last stage not stage four last stage of tuberculosis and This doctor was treating her. She was a Christian doctor and this lady She was also a Christian and so what she decided to do to this lady She was so bad already her body was so bad that she couldn't speak She couldn't lift her hands and she couldn't move and she was just she just completely just dead completely gone and What the doctor started to do is that instead of meeting with her and go into a dialysis and then they go Into all of these things she opened book of the run in me chapter 28 And she started to read to her book of the derotomy actually every few days Just read it and read it and after a while she starts seeing in her eyes Just a spark spark in her eyes her body still was the same after about a week or so She started to move her lips within another week She started to move little bit of her body to the point until she started reading the derotomy chapter 28 by herself And at one particular time this doc doctor documented that he said I saw when she was reading that in front of me That was the doctor's appointment with the patient. He said I saw faith feel her He said you could feel that in the room and the lady jumped out from the chair and never had to be close again same thing happened to Derek Prince when Derek Prince was in the army World War two and he was stationed in in Egypt and he infected a skin disease and Because he stayed in Egypt. It was very hot there. It was actually very bad for the disease things were getting worse and worse He became bad stricken. So he just laid on his bed He couldn't move he was already not able to participate in the army and the doctor said there's nothing we can do And so Derek Prince just gotten saved. He's just gotten baptized in the Holy Spirit in that little hospital room He had a King James version of the Bible. He decided since I'm gonna be laying here I'm just gonna go ahead and get myself acquainted with the Bible He took a highlighter and decide to highlight every scripture in the Bible that referred to healing or health He was surprised how many times it referred to those topics as he got to the verse We read today where God says hear my words put them inside of your heart They are medicine in your heart him knowing little bit of Hebrew. He knew what that word health meant He made a promise with God that from now on he's gonna write all the healing verses and take him as he takes his medicine He took medicine three times a day before the meal So what he did he went to his doctor and he says doctor give me one month for one month I want to run as a trial. I will have my own medicine from my doctor He said who is the doctor? He said I'll tell you after one month He says and I'm gonna try that medicine before he would go to eat in the cafeteria or they were bringing him food He would take the healing verses and just glean through them in the morning Before lunch and same thing in the evening. He did that month after month He said I saw improvement in my body and then the camp moved to Kenya and Kenya has even worst weather One of the strongest and the healthiest soldiers are getting sick with the same disease and he started to recover and recover He says within six to something months. I completely recovered and never again in his life had a symptom of skin disease The power of God's word It's very important to treat God's word as medicine Not as a book you need to read not just something I need to get through the plan This is your medicine if you have cancer if you have tumors if you have high blood pressure If you have gastritis any kind of skin disease Maybe some kind of an attack even on your mind if you have emotional Breakdown because of the abuses or because of negligence abandonment you received in your family I give you a cure. Jesus is a great physician The health plan is free No side effects Did you see those commercials especially like the ones that improve the sex life? Take one pill you will have the night of your life. Oh You will have bleeding your blood will go through the roof You will you can develop cancer and it goes for five minutes the whole list.  I don't want it to end in the funeral You know, I know that by FDA they have to mention the side effects But that's a medicine is great But most of the medicine side effects is actually sometimes as bad as the very Sickness it's treating Jesus's side effects is guess what you're gonna lose depression sleepless nights nightmares sexual dreams suicidal tendencies high blood pressure You will lose the sin the devil and the carcass in your life. Come on somebody put your hands together for Jesus Christ As we're gonna approach the throne of God today I want you to write the last thing is the power of the testimony The power of the testimony their skin got healed because they cried out But this boy this man when he came and he cried out in worship now Jesus said You are well the word well in original language in original it says sozo sozo means healing Deliverance and and salvation not just healing, but it speaks of the whole package I want to tell you something about our church. It's very important. Why we do testimonies I've looked through the services online in the community and most of the churches if you go on our website You will see our service is 90 minutes, which is an hour and 20 minutes an hour and 30 minutes on the average And so when we had to input on our website, we couldn't say 90 minutes because our services are Two hours sometimes a little bit more and I'm looking back and like Lord, how could we make it a little bit more to draw people in? Worship is important. You know giving is important. The message is important prayer is important You know and the part where I've never seen in church services on a regular basis is the testimonies And our testimonies they take large large amount of time. I want to tell you why these testimonies exist Jesus rebuked The nine who didn't testify He says where are the nine you would think Jesus gives it for free. Why is he expecting something? He gives it for free. He's not expecting a payment. He's not expecting you to even change your life He just says I want you to testify Why there's three reasons to testimony the first one is the glorifies Jesus The second one is it builds other people's faith when you testify another person can get a miracle That's what the Bible says we overcome the devil by The power of our testimony see when you testify Someone who's bound by the devil can get a hope of how they can get out from the very bondage they're in When you don't testify Jesus doesn't get the glory people don't get the faith to get change in their life and thirdly When we testify it unlocks more blessings See the first time Jesus spoke to them They all got pro skin problem fixed the second time he came and testified Jesus says be so so Meaning now be saved now be delivered on the top of being healed more blessings always follow When you testify sometimes people say well Vlad, I don't have a testimony You know why you don't have a testimony as you're too busy comparing your testimony instead of sharing your testimony You constantly compare your testimony to the one on video you compare your testimony with someone how someone shared it Every person has a testimony if you don't have testimony get saved Get baptized in the Holy Spirit Get delivered from the devil Well, I don't have those things then praise God that he got protected you from those things That is a testimony not a lesser than the other testimony Testimony that is not shared is a testimony that doesn't glorify Jesus doesn't build people's faith And it doesn't unlock more miracles the first time God did a miracle for them is for them saying God, please The second miracle was with God your awesome and they testify The second miracle God does in your life. It will not be by doing what you did in the first time. It's by you sharing Worshipping for what he has already done even what he hasn't done yet is a little bit more than what he did as you thank him for that It unlocks doors for more


Namaste and welcome back to the video course on Watershed Management. In module number 6 in use of modern techniques in Watershed Management lecture number 25, today we will discuss about integrated watershed modeling using numerical methods GIS and remote sensing. So, in the last few lectures we are discussing about the geoglyphine information system remote sensing decision support systems and its applications. So, in today's lecture the topic is how we can utilize this geoglyphine information system remote sensing and numerical methods which we have discussed in some of the earlier lectures. So, we can how we can use in an integrated way and then what are the difficulties, what are the advantages, then how we can apply for say specific case studies. So, like that today's lecture is put. So, the some of the topics covered include integrated watershed modeling and numerical methods, finite element method, computer modeling, geoglyphine information system, remote sensing and applications in watershed management. Then for today's lecture the keywords integrated watershed modeling, numerical modeling, geoglyphine information system and remote sensing. So, as we were discussing earlier, so watershed management is a very complex process we need to consider various systems related to land, water, then human being, then the flora and fauna within the area. So, that way so we have seen that to study to predict what will happen in some specific projects are implemented to study what will happen, we have to go for modeling and then we have to understand the system in an effective way. So, that way say for example, when we are dealing with water, so we will be discussing about rainfall to runoff modeling. So, that way when we are going for rainfall runoff modeling, so as we discussed in some of the previous lectures, we have to consider all the hydrological processes at various levels and then we have to model this processes and then in this way we need a huge quantity of data say geoglyphic data, topological data, topographical data, climatological data like that. So, when we have to use all this data and then we are going for modeling say in a prediction mode to simulate say what will happen within the system. So, that way if we can integrate say the computer models like numerical models which is generally used for rainfall runoff or sediment deal or erosion type models and then we combine together this type of models hydrological models or other kinds of models with the geographic information systems and remote sensing which gives a good database when we can combine integrate together these modern tools, then we have an effective tool which can be used for water shed modeling or water shed management. So, let us look say some of the important points which we have discussed earlier also. So, here in the slides I have kept the necessity of integrated catchment or water shed based modeling. So, as I already mentioned say water source management say generally we do catchment based or water shed based and then say when we deal with water shed based or catchment based planning and management we have to deal with a huge amount of data and then we have to see the variation spatial variation, temporal variation. So, say as we have discussed say rainfall runoff modeling, so we need to assess how much will be the runoff within the water shed say for the given rainfall conditions or the for the possible rainfall conditions or we may have to assess say what will happen if any the effect if we consider the effect of climate change or what will happen if the soil loss or erosion problems is exceeding certain limits. So, all those studies we need to have an integrated approach. So, modeling say most of the time say as we discussed earlier modeling can be either simply black box based approach or empirical approach or say lumped approach or distributed approach. But we can as we discussed earlier also the distributed based modeling or a physically based models based upon the physical loss or conservation of mass, momentum and energy and these kinds of models are very essential to see what will really happening within the water shed or within the area say for the given conditions. So, these kinds of physically based models only can predict say the variations with respect to spatial or with respect to temporal for the given conditions. So, that way the models based on physical loss are very important and necessary in the case of water shed modeling. So, we need to go for integrated catchment or water shed based approach say while dealing with various problem related to water or soil or land or the sustainable development of the system. So, if you consider water or hydrological aspects of the hydrological processes we have to consider like infiltration, then evapotranspiration, runoff, then groundwater components etcetera. So, if you consider the in the last 50 years development in this area. So, earlier say before nineteen sixties or nineteen fifties say it was so difficult to do this kinds of say studies say in a comprehensive way say since the area which we are concentrating is large and then we cannot develop physical models or laboratory based models or to go to the field and then take the measurements all these things were so difficult. So, that way and say when this due to the digital revolution which has taken place last 50 years say huge changes have taken place in the area of this say this kinds of modeling. So, with the development of the computer techniques technologies say modern numerical techniques like a finite difference method, finite element method etcetera came to picture and then that way the solution of various hydrological processes or hydrological modeling became much much easier and much much faster and much much more comprehensive. So, and then as I mentioned when we deal with this kinds of modeling we have to deal with the huge data set. So, this data set which needed for this kinds of modeling we can obtain from the geographic information systems or remote sensing which we have discussed in the last few lectures. So, that way the recent advances in watershed modeling is the use of combined or integrated approach of numerical modeling remote sensing and GIS. So, that already the large development have been taken place in this area and then now sophisticated models are available say for the integrated watershed or integrated water resource management approach. So, here I have shown a flowcharts where say how we can do integrated watershed modeling approach. So, first step is we have to identify the specific problem it can be hydrologic problem or it can be soil erosion problem or sediment yield problem or whatever problem which we are trying to do as far as the watershed is concerned. So, that way we can identify and then for any of this kinds of studies we need to say good amount of data. So, we can have the we can set the geographic information systems based upon the available data the proper sheets and other maps. So, next step is design of the geographic information systems like data layers and attributes. And then of course, to identify the variation say taking place for the watershed especially or temporarily we can use the remote sensing. So, the second step here as shown in the slides is the use of GIS and remote sensing in an integrated way. So, that we are having the database. So, the the the based on using the GIS and remote sensing we can develop the database. So, database building and then this data can be processed in different ways. So, that the way which we needed like various maps like deep elevation models, land use maps, slope map, land cover map, soil map etcetera we can make. So, this is the third step where database and data processing can be done within the environment of geographic information systems and remote sensing. And then next step is either we can develop the hydrologic model or we can select the hydrological model and then say formulation using numerical methods. So, we can select the approach which we are doing through conceptualization mathematical modeling and then either we can choose appropriate hydrologic model or we can develop our own model based upon the needs for that particular problem. So, then say once the model is chosen and then or the model is developed and then as we discussed earlier we have to calibrate and validate. So, all those things are needed. So, then we can go for the model computations the next step is model computations. So, as shown in this case the fifth step is model computations. And then we can based upon this model computations or simulations we can compare the results or we can generate various scenarios or various augmented plans and then study in detail. So, that when an integrated approach of geographic information system, remote sensing and hydrological models or numerical methods a basic structure can be like this and then we can integrate together. So, that we can we will be having an effective tool for the particular problem which we consider whether it is rainfall runoff modeling or hydrologic modeling or soil erosion modeling or what kind of studies which we are planning say for the particular watershed which we are considering. So, now when we are dealing with a hydrologic and hydraulic modeling. So, here I have put a slide which we have discussed earlier also say for example, rainfall to runoff. So, two aspect is there first is only hydrologic modeling and then hydrologic routing and hydrologic modeling. So, we have to start with the problem like say to assess the runoff within the watershed. So, that is a problem definition for the given rainfall condition and then we have to conceptualize the model say like overland flow channel flow like that whether one dimension two dimensions and then we can develop the mathematical model and then we can choose the numerical model and then based upon that numerical models say this numerical model can be like tools like finite difference method finite element method etcetera and then based upon that we can have the computer model and then we have to go through a process of model calibration or verification and then we have to assess the model adequacy. So, this is the first part and then second part say we have to collect the field data then say we have to compare the field data and assess the field data and then once the model is constructed we have to go for the performance or criteria evaluation then calibration validation and then model predictions and then sensitivity analysis results and discussions and then post audit analysis of and then further check close checking with the field data. So, like that we can do the hydrologic or hydrologic modeling. So, here also as I mentioned we can integrate the system like geofinfoidation systems and then the remote sensing data for such kind of integrated modeling. So, as I mentioned earlier say most of the time we need to go for physically based modeling since that is very important since that gives how the system is behaving especially and temporarily and then we can study what is happening say minute wise or hourly wise or the way which we want. So, that way say for example, when we are dealing with rainfall to runoff. So, here this particular flow chart shows same for event based rainfall to runoff modeling. So, rainfall is taking place within an area watershed and this is the overland flow and then this is the channel flow and then say the flow development takes place or runoff starts and then infiltration also taking place. So, depending upon the model which we consider we can have various components including the evapotranspiration, groundwater component etcetera. So, general concept of flow modeling say for rainfall runoff is shown here. So, we start with rainfall then say the overland flow come component we can simulate and then infiltration we can consider and then the channel flow basis and then flow at the outlet of the watershed or particular location where we are looking for. So, that way we can develop the model and then we can consider the physically based distributed model. So, physically based distributed model it needs lot of data and the modeling efforts are very high, but even though the results may not be so good, but it gives so much of physics of the problem. So, that we can easily understand what is the mechanism taking place within the watershed say for example, when rainfall runoff process is taking place. So, that way physically based distributed modeling is very important and now say we are discussing about the integrated approach of numerical methods GIS and remote sensing so, say as we discussed in the another previous lecture. So, remote sensing is one of the important tool used in hydrological modeling. So, the remote sensing data capable of solving the problem of scarcity of data since we need a huge amount of data we can get to this data from the remote sensing. Say for example, this is a remote sensing picture which shows the various land use land cover the channel location like that. So, the importance of remote sensing we have already discussed in one of the earlier lecture. So, the advantage is that when the satellite is passing over a particular watershed or particular area we can identify we can get to the special variation at a stretch for the particular watershed and then when again that satellite is coming back we can consider say weekly basis or mandali basis or seasonal wise or annual wise how the variation is taking place within the watershed for say if you implement a project what will be happening or if the existing projects what will be the situation taking place. So, like that the temporal variation we can easily understand with reference to remote sensing. So, that way remote sensing is very important in this kinds of modeling. So, as we have seen earlier remote sensing mainly two parts first one is the data acquisition. So, data acquisition is done through satellites or other say media like aeroplane or other systems and then this data is obtained in the data center say for example, in the Indian National Remote Sensing Center located at Hyderabad is having all this data and then once this data which is needed for the particular area we can obtain through from that agency and then we have to analyze the data. So, that the way the area which we need we can get the complete details say as a file which we can see in the computer and then analyze. So, that way remote sensing it has the capability of observing several hydrological variables over large areas on repetitive basis. So, that is the advantage of remote sensing. So, the capability of observing several hydrological variables over large areas on repetitive basis. So, that is the major advantage of remote sensing. So, then the other tool like geofinformation system this about this GIS also we had a discussion earlier in one of our earlier lecture. So, here what we do we give the inputs say like the topographical data or the available data in terms of digital form or in other scanned form and then this data is manipulated or transformed by various techniques within the software GIS software and then we get the output say output can be in various forms like maps like land use map, land cover map, soil map or a digital elevation model slope map like that. So, that way the important components of GIS are the data inputs then storage and management data manipulation and analysis and the data output. So, this shows a typical flowchart as far as the GIS is concerned. So, here data input of for the system then system data storage and management then data manipulation and analysis and data output for the system and then everything is visible through a user interface or so called a graphical user interface. So, that way say as we have seen in the earlier lecture on GIS so, we can effectively utilize the system say and then generate various maps say like the we can delineate the watershed and then also obtain the digital elevation model or slope map like that. So, that way GIS serves a major contribution as far as the hydrological or watershed modeling is concerned and then next tool is the numerical methods or computer models. So, as we have already discussed earlier say to simulate what will be happening within the system within a watershed say for the given conditions say like given rainfall conditions or give say when we are constructing a dam or a check dam or various when or we are going for various rainwater harvesting measures then what will happen as far as hydrological processes are concerned within the watershed. So, this we can do only through simulation or modeling so, the system is so complex so, that way there is no easy solution or even exact solutions analytical solutions are not available. So, we have to go for modeling so, modeling can be like as we discussed it can be simple black box or empirical models or lambda models or the distributed models. So, especially when we are discussing with a physically based distributed models we have to solve very complicated partial differential equations like a Sainte-Venon's equations as we discussed earlier also. So, that models say we have to run through the in computer and then we have to say get the for particular say conditions we have to run the model and get the results. So, that way numerical methods as we discussed earlier the steps are conceptual modeling so, based upon the requirement or the objectives we can develop the conceptual model then a mathematical modeling. So, we can obtain the governing equations initial condition and boundary conditions depending upon the problem and then mathematical problems we solve the models we solve by arithmetical operations or in computer. So, as I mentioned due to the digital evolution now the numerical methods we generally use for these kinds of problems like a finite difference method or finite element method which we have discussed earlier. So, computer models as we discussed a number of models are available depending upon the requirement depending upon the necessity or the data availability or the computer facility we can choose particular models either in one dimensions two dimensions or three dimensions and then we can go for depending upon our objectives say particular modeling. So, numerical methods as I mentioned like a finite difference method finite element method finite volume method or boundary element methods are like that number of methods are available as far as numerical methods are consensed. So, that way now when we go for integrated watershed modeling using the numerical methods GIS and remote sensing so, this shows a typical flow charts. So, for the first step is selection of the watershed or for the given watershed which is a watershed and then get to the necessary data available data and then simultaneously we can obtain the remote sensing data through satellites and then develop GIS database. So, then the data collection for watershed so, physical data collection like the for the particular area what kind of available data or from the field we can collect various data and then we can delineate the watershed and then prepare various thematic maps based upon the remote sensing data and the available data. Simultaneously we can go for the mathematical formulation so, we can decide depending upon the objectives whether we are going for a one dimensional model or two dimensional models or whether we are going for the physical models or lambda models or black box models or like that we can decide. So, if we are going for say for example physical models then we have to solve partial differential equations in one dimension or two dimensions generally. So, then we can do the numerical formulations and then we can develop the model if we are going to build in your own model then we model development otherwise depending upon your requirement you can purchase the particular software or we can download if it is freely available from the internet. So, then by putting by getting this model model is developed for the particular area and then using this data the available the prepared data set we can say develop the model and then run the model. So, that way the next step is model output. So, once the model output is obtained so, as I mentioned this is obtained through various process like calibration, validation since many parameters we have to determine through this process and the next step is testing and evaluation of the model and then for the particular conditions particular watershed or particular area depending upon the requirements we can finalize the model. So, this way these flow charts shows a typical model. So, here as shown here say various steps are shown here effectively. So, how we prepare a particular model as far as the water shed integrated water shed modeling is concerned. So, this flow chart shows the way which we develop the model. So, now say for example, as I mentioned if we are going for the water shed base or if watershed modeling say for an infert runoff say we will be using the if we are going to use the physically based model say an even based modeling. So, then we have to consider various hydraulic processes. So, here in the slides so, you can see the various steps which we can follow. So, here say depending upon the requirements so, these are the steps the flow chart which I mentioned. So, here starting with the various data based development model development and then evaluation and finalization of the model and then if you are going for infert runoff modeling. So, we can decide the infiltration model which we are going to use various models are available as we discussed earlier. So, like a physics model, VINAMT model, a CSCN based model like that we can decide the infiltration model and then overland flow is concerned since this is a we can have either one dimensional based model or two dimensional based model depending upon the data availability and the requirements and generally the channel flow when we are going for infert runoff modeling in watershed we can go for one dimensional modeling. Then we couple all these processes like infiltration, overland and channel flow so, that we can get the runoff at particular location. So, in this case so, UN based model say most of time we can neglect the evapotranspiration since it is done for few hours depending upon the rainfall condition, but if say sufficient data is available we can consider the other processes also like interception, interflow, then evapotranspiration etcetera for the particular watershed so, that way we can go for the modeling. So, then as I mentioned say at IIT Bombay we developed a model physically based model for infert runoff modeling for watersheds so, the details we are going to discuss in the coming few slides. So, here say we developed the one dimensional model strip based model for overland and then channel flow so, one dimensional say diffusion wave based and overland flow as kinematic wave based model so, the various details we will discuss in these few slides. So, the infiltration has been modeled using Philip infiltration model so, to here the purpose calculate the infiltration rate and subsequent excess rainfall so, that is what we are trying to do. So, the rate of infiltration is given by in the Philip model by this equation and here F is the potential infiltration rate and SI is the infiltration softivity, K is the hydraulic saturated hydraulic conductivity and this infiltration softivity is given by this equation so, here K is hydraulic conductivity and then in this equation here you can see that K s is the saturated hydraulic conductivity, S e is the initial so, saturation degree and SI is the saturated matrix potential of the soil then lambda is the porous distribution like that so, that way this Philip infiltration model one of the commonly used model so, the details are available in most of the test books or the web and then say as far as overland flow is concerned as I mentioned we can go for two dimensional models or one dimensional model. So, there are many equations here in this slide I have kept so, here overland flow if you are doing two dimensional modeling the continuity equation is given by this equation del h by del t plus del u bar h by del x plus del v bar h by del y is equal to r minus i where h is the depth of flow and u bar is the velocity and v bar is the velocity u in x and y directions and then r is the rainfall say intensity and i is the infiltration rate and then we have to solve simultaneously momentary equation x direction and this equation gives the momentary equation x direction so, here SO x is the channel or the overland slope and SF x is the energy slope and then this is in x direction and similarly we have to solve the equation y direction so, where the equation is given here and this energy slope here we can use the Manning's equation as given in this equation number 4 and 5 so, that way say this equations if you are going for two dimensional modeling we can directly solve these equations and then we can get the output will be the depth of flow at particular location and the velocities in x and y direction at particular time step or particular location and then channel flow is concerned as I mentioned generally we can go for one dimensional modeling so, in for one dimensional channel flow modeling we have to solve the continuity equation and the momentary equation so, continuity equation is given by del q by del x plus del a by del t minus q is equal to 0 where q is the discharge t is the time a is the flow cross section area small q is the overland flow components coming to the channel and that we have to route and the momentary equation one dimension is shown by this equation number 7 so, which is del q by del t plus del by del x of q square by a is equal to G into A into S minus SF minus G into del y by del x where SF is the energy slope S is the channel slope and G is the accession due to a gravity and then sometimes depending upon the requirement we can also combine this overland flow and channel flow model with a ground water flow model if there is interaction is expected between the components or if you want to go for further complex comprehensive modeling so, current equation for ground water flow in two dimension is given by this equation number 8 del by del x of k x h in del h by del x del by del y of k y h del h by del y plus i x y t minus s del h by del t where h is the hydraulic head k x and k y have hydraulic conductivity in x y direction i is this is the infiltration or the inflow coming to the system S is the specific yield or storage coefficient depending upon the system. So, as I mentioned at IIT Bombay we developed a one dimensional model for overland flow one dimension that was kinematic wave based and then channel flow using diffusion wave based model so, the details are given here in this slide. So, here we use the final term and method to solve this given equations for continuity and moment equation. So, here the same the kinematic wave or diffusion wave the continuity equation is given by this equation. So, earlier equations what we considered is the continuity equation and the moment equation at the full form of the Saint-Villain's equations, but here the diffusion wave or kinematic wave are simplified forms of dynamic wave or the Saint-Villain's equation. So, the moment equation when we consider the bed slope is equal to energy slope that form is called kinematic wave form. So, this equation and we consider the continuity equation and then when we consider del h by del x is equal to a 0 minus s of that equation plus this continuity equation when we solve then that is the diffusion wave form of the Saint-Villain's equation. So, in the model we developed we solved these equations using the finite element method using the Galerkin criterion which we discussed earlier also in one of the previous lecture. So, we approximated this equation by using this condition also using the shape functions linear line elements and then one dimensional model has been developed. So, this shows the final finite element system of equation and the diffusion wave if you want to use this can be approximated like this and then keep it in the in the model. So, we can have the kinematic wave model or the diffusion wave model for the overland flow components and then this overland flow will be joining the channel. So, the channel flow is also modeled as one dimensional flow. So, here we have to solve the continuity equation given by this equation and the kinematic wave form for the channel flow again we substitute bed slope is equal to energy slope as given in this equation and the diffusion wave form will be del h by del x is equal to s 0 s minus s f c where s is the bed slope s f is the energy slope. So, here we use the Manning's equation to get the energy slope and corresponding the discharge. So, here again we use the Galerkin finite element method for the solution of the system of equation for the channel flow for the routing purpose and then this is the system of equations. So, this we discussed earlier also and the diffusion wave form we can approximate like this or in the kinematic wave form we can simply put s 0 is equal to s f. So, that way we develop the channel flow and then we combine the overland flow component with the channel flow component. So, that we can get the coupled model as far as the overland flow and channel flow is concerned. So, this is a physically based model of course, one dimension nature. So, that gives the for the given rainfall condition how the runoff is generated and then the details we can get at us either depth of flow or the discharge at particular location at any location at any given time. So, that way we developed a coupled model by considering the overland flow and channel flow solved by finite element method. So, we consider the kinematic wave approach or the diffusion wave approach for the overland flow and the also diffusion wave approach has been used for the channel flow. So, we combined or we coupled both models both are developed using the finite element methods in one dimensions and when we solve this we get the flow variation with respect to the depth variation or the discharge variation for the given rainfall condition. So, how the runoff is taking place? So, the same flow chart here I have shown as the various steps say how we develop the model. So, first of all we collect the data. So, data collection for the selected watershed then say as I mentioned we have to go for the mathematical modeling. So, we identify the watershed area delineate the watershed area then we will be identifying the governing equations whether full form of the same venance equations or the diffusion wave form or the kinematic wave form. So, that gives the mathematical modeling. So, there also we have to prescribe the boundary conditions and the initial conditions. Then the next step is the numerical formulation for the mathematical model. So, as I mentioned we have to solve this partial differential equations. So, we have to go for numerical modeling. So, either finite difference method or finite element method can be used. So, the method which I mentioned in the previous slides we use the finite element methods and then next step is preparation of thematic maps of the watershed. So, by using the remote sensing majories and GIS. So, that is the data base for running the model and then development of software for the formulated model. So, say here as I mentioned we developed a model in one dimensions using the finite element methods. Then we have to depending upon the available data we have to go for calibration of various parameters and then validation with respect to the available data. So, that we are testing and evaluation of the model for different rainfall events. So, that is the next step and then we can finalize the model. So, once we finalize the model say for the if it is for the particular watershed. So, once all these details are finalized say for the given say if we know the rainfall condition or if the prediction is done for particular say the intensity of rainfall or particular rainfall pattern then we can run this model and then identify how much will be the discharge taking place at the outlet of the watershed or at any particular location of the watershed. And then we can see whether say whether any flooding can take place or how much water can be stored if there is a particular reservoir. So, like that various uses are there for this type of event based or physically based modeling. So, the modeling procedure again I will describe by using a figure. So, here you can see that if this is our watershed which we consider. So, this is say first we delineate the watershed and this is the area which we consider. So, this is the major stream and then minor channels or the streams coming to the major streams. So, we have modeled the watershed using say one dimensional approach. So, we consider strips like that. So, depending upon the slope and the land use we consider the strips like this. So, these are the strips as shown here and say with respect to rainfall say the rainfall will be routed through these various elements and then it will be coming to the channel. So, you can see that at various locations the overland flow will be joining the channel like this and then that will be routed through the channel. So, this is the channel meeting point and then say from one location to another location it is routed. So, here from the overland flow strip is like this and then this is the single discretized channel with overland flow adding at channel nodes. So, overland flow is adding here channel say locations. So, this is a typical overland flow element. So, with length and width as shown here and this is the typical channel flow element in one dimension. So, that way we developed this model and we developed the code and then we verified with available analytical solutions and the available other available models. So, here in this slides say as I mentioned this model has been verified with other available models and analytical solutions, simple analytical solutions. So, here I have shown the verification with respect to another model final difference model by Arrel et al in 1998. So, the problem is here three channels are there and here there is an inflow here at this location 1 and 2 inflows are there. The length of each branch is 5000 meter, channel width is 50 meter for two upstream channels and then 100 meter for downstream channel. Then bed slope is 0.0002 reference coefficient is considered as 0.025. So, that way now we have developed say this we have modeled this particular problem given by Arrel et al. So, here 15 elements with element length of 1000 meter is used here. So, these channels are discretized. So, here we do not consider the overland flow separately, but we are assuming that at this location for this both channels, the flow is coming as given in this hydrograph here and that we are routing through the channels and then we want to identify say at particular location in branch 3, how the flow behavior is taking place and then compare with the model results given by Arrel et al. So, our purpose here was to identify how effectively our model is working. So, this is only for the channel flow conditions. So, 15 elements with element length 1000 meter and time step of 200 second has been used in this study. So, results for 23000 second is found and discharge and depth variation at 4000 meter in branch 3. So, here at this location we have say routed the flow and then say got the simulation in terms of discharge and depth. So, this figure shows the time various versus discharge. So, here for up to 23000 seconds in the model is run and then corresponding discharge variation at say 4000 meter in branch 3 is shown here. So, you can see that this is the comparison between finite element based diffusion wave model which we have developed and then the final difference based dynamic wave model developed by Arrel. So, you can see that good comparison you can observe. So, even though we have used the diffusion wave approach. So, here good comparison is there and then the second graph shows the time versus depth. So, here the depth in the channel is shown here and this is with respect to time. So, that way when we develop the model we have to say verify the model whether it is giving the results in an appropriate way with respect to the available models or analytical models or analytical solutions available. So, that way we have verified this finite element based model for water sheds say in the overland flow model has been actually verified for another analytical solution which has been shown in one of the earlier lecture. So, this is for the channel flow. So, now before closing this lecture let us discuss one of the case study. So, today's case study is in say the integrated approach of say the remote sensing GIS and the computer models or hydrological model for a watershed called the Kadak Hall watershed. So, this integrated model which we discussed in the previous slides here we have applied for a watershed of area 5.8 square kilometer and this watershed is located in Nasik district in Maharashtra India and longitudes and latitudes are given here. So, here in this watershed the major soil class is silty loam and as far as remote sensing is concerned we got the Indian remote sensing saturated data 1D list 3 image of 13 January 1998. So, using the available topo sheets and then with respect to the field conditions the first step was say the delineation of the watershed. So, we use the topo sheet available and then remote sensing data to delineate the watershed. So, the delineated watershed is shown in this figure. So, you can see that this is the boundary of the watershed and then so here there is a major channel and then other streams are joining this channel. So, that way the first step in any kind of watershed modeling is first based upon the topo sheet and other data including the satellite data we can delineate the watershed. And then say we collected various data related to soil then the of course topo sheet and later data and then the land use land cover data we obtained through from the remote sense remotely sense data. So, this shows the delineated watershed. So, here this is the main channel which we consider and these are also some of the minor streams coming to the main channel. And based upon the topo sheet and then other the remote sensing data we developed various thematic maps using the arc info software. So, including the drainage slope map land use land cover map and the digital elevation model. So, this shows the drainage map for the cut-off hold watershed. So, the drainage map say as far as data base preparation the steps various steps here I have mentioned. So, the drainage map initially we scanned the topo graphical maps of the area which is in 1 is 25000 scale. And these are then registered in Erda's imagine software and watershed boundary and the drainage maps are digitized in arc map. So, this that way we got the drainage map. Then we generated the slope map using the conduce with a 10 meter interval of the watershed which are digitized in arc map from topo graphical maps and then digital elevation model with 100 meter cell size has been generated using the topo grid option of the arc info software. So, that is what has done for the digital elevation model development DE and developments and the slope map development. So, once the DEM is generated same using the topo graphical maps and the remote sensing data. So, we can get the slope map from the digital elevation model. Then the land use land cover map say that we obtained from the remotely sensed data of IRS 1 release 3 path 105 and row 55 of January 13, 1998. So, here we extracted the land use land cover of the watershed and LULC map is derived from the remotely sensed data of watershed by supervised classification using the Erda's imagine software. So, this here in the slides. So, here same first we did the supervised classification. So, that we first we generate a farce color composites and then using the various options available in the Erda's software we obtained the land use land cover map. So, as you can see here this green indicates the forest land and yellow indicate to the agricultural land and the this is the fallow land. So, this is the land use land cover map for the this cut a cold watershed. And this shows the digital elevation model say for the watershed. So, here you can see that this on the this is the levels are high and then here there is a channel.  So, as I mentioned earlier. So, here we use the one-dimensional say the kinematic wave model for overland flow and then one-dimensional diffusion wave model for channel flow and then we use the the Philips infiltration model. So, we have to say to do this finite element modeling in one dimensions we have to do a gridding. So, here you can see in this slide the gridding is shown here. So, this is the major channel within the watershed. So, accordingly according to the slope say of the say within the watershed. So, we have made the strips. So, you can see that various strips coming say joining to the channel. So, these are the strips. So, here for this minor streams say we consider only a major stream major river or major stream like this for all the other minor streams we considered the as part of the overland flow only. So, that way say if you are considering say for example, one overland strip like this. So, the flow is. So, for the given rainfall condition we say we route the flow through this from one say cell to another cell. So, that it is a one dimensional strip flow is taking place. So, like that we discretized the system like this. So, this strip will be joining here, this strip will be joining here like this depending upon the slope and then land use land cover of the area. So, then say we routed the flow through the channel. So, as I mentioned here for the Philippine filtration model we have to consider various parameters like the hydraulic conductivity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, initial soil moisture, softivity etcetera. So, these parameters it is very difficult to determine from the field. So, we use the some standard values available in the literature and then some from some of the field measurements with respect to soil data available. So, we obtain this data and then say this data we have calibrated for the given conditions. So, some say for some other rainfall events measured data were available. Actually as part of Indo-German watershed Geich Honore and his team had measured the for given rainfall conditions the runoff taking place at the outlet of the watershed. So, say few number of events and the rainfall conditions and then corresponding runoff conditions were given. So, we used this data for the calibration of various parameters. So, then say once say so the best fit like the hydrograph best fit discharge versus time we plotted and then we went for the best fit. So, we changed the various parameters within the range. So, that is that process is called calibration and then we obtained the best parameters for the watershed like a saturated hydraulic conductivity, initial soil moisture, softivity etcetera. And then Manning's reference coefficients were obtained based upon the land use, land cover for the overland flow and then as far as channel flow is concerned the various at various sections with field visit we identified how the pattern is there based upon that we obtained the Manning's reference for the channel. So, then as I mentioned say here we use the GIS for the purpose of development of this database and then remote sensing we use the purpose of to assess the land use, land cover and then the hydraulic model finite element based hydraulic model runoff modeling we used. So, we used an integrated approach of computer modeling numerical methods GIS and remote sensing for this watershed modeling or Kadakaho watershed modeling with the objective of to identify how much is the runoff is taking place. So, as I mentioned we developed the model using the finite element approach and then the database were created and then we calibrated the model for various parameters using the available data and then we violated the model. So, here in this slide you can see the so for few of the events observed and simulated hydrographs for the violated events. So, here say 23rd August 1997 the for the given rainfall condition here this is the rainfall and this is the observed data and simulated data. So, good agreement you can see and this is for 22nd August 1997. So, sometimes we get a good response and sometimes there is not good fit. So, this depends upon some of the important parameters like initial soil moisture then the hydrogen hydraulic conductivity etcetera how we how better we can say calibrate. So, now finally, so what we are trying to discuss in today's lecture is we can an integrated approach using the GIS remote sensing and the computer models are very useful say for watershed modeling say like rainfall and off modeling. So, deep revolution of computer development and numerical methods how contributed very much in this area. So, recent advances in remote sensing and GIS technologies also very useful in this kind of integrated modeling use of remote sensing and GIS in watershed we have demonstrated today and use of distributed model or lambda models depending upon the requirement, depending upon the data availability and we can go for hydrological hydraulic modeling by numerical methods. Then when we go for indirect approach using remote sensing GIS and hydraulic modeling we are having a very good tool for the modeling say for example, rainfall and off modeling for the watershed. So, these are some of the important references which used for today's lecture and before closing say a few questions tutorial questions say like critically study the necessity of integrated approach of watershed modeling using numerical methods GIS and remote sensing study various case studies available in literature say these details you can get from the internet study the role of integrated watershed modeling in integrated water resource management. Then few self evaluation and the assignment questions describe the necessity of integrated watershed based modeling as explained the step by step methodology in use of numerical models GIS and remote sensing for watershed based modeling differentiate between dynamic wave diffusion wave kinematic wave based physical modeling for rainfall and off modeling of watersheds this details we have see discussed in some of the previous lectures. And then few assignment questions illustrate how GIS and remote sensing can help in effective watershed modeling in combination with numerical modeling for a physically based even based rainfall and off modeling illustrate various hydrologic processes to be considered in the modeling in a integrated approach of watershed modeling describe the modeling procedure. So, these questions you can easily answer by going through today's lectures. Then unsolved problem say for your watershed area the scope of integrated modeling for rainfall runoff using numerical models GIS and remote sensing be explored remote sensing for the watershed area may be obtained from ASTAR or SRTM or Bhuvan as I mentioned earlier. Then hydrologic modeling you can use HEC HMS or HEC REST model which is available in this website. So, for the average maximum minimum rainfall pattern in the watershed area assess the runoff for the watershed. So, that we can have better say rainfall runoff models and then we can go for in what harvesting or other watershed based say plans. So, today what we discussed is integrated approach of say in modeling using the computer models or numerical methods GIS and remote sensing. So, what we have found is it is very effective in watershed modeling for rainfall runoff or other processes. Thank you.