Hi everybody, Joe for jaspeyscasewrakes.com, congrats to the Braves. They just won Game 6 of the World Series, shut out the Astros and defeated the Astros and now they are world champions. So congrats to them and congrats to everybody who got into this break. I appreciate that. Thank you. This is Hip Raid Baseball Series 44 Limited Edition, Hip Raid. All 30 teams are in. Big thanks to this group for making it happen. There are the teams right there. Let's go. Let's roll it. Let's randomize names and teams. Three and a two, five times each. One, two, three, four, and fifth and final time. After five, we've got Brady down to Trey. Three and a two, five times for the baseball teams. One, two, three, four, and fifth and final time. Got the Nationals up top down to the Giants after five. Here's what you get matched up with. Good luck everybody. Thank you again. I always appreciate everybody digging deep, getting into our breaks. Brady with the Nationals. Matt with the Padres. Chris with the Metz. Calvin with the Astros. Chris with the, two different Chris's. Chris Butler with the Metz. Chris Walker with the Cubs. Taylor with the Red Sox. Charles with the Diamondbacks. Brian Croft with the Pirates. Chad with the Indians. Jason with the Tigers. Gerardo with the Brewers. Logan M with the Yankees. Jamie with the Phillies. Brian with the Braves. David Baker with the A's. Zach with the Angels. Jared with the Royals. Jesse, you got the Orioles. Paul with my Dodgers. Dan with the Rangers. Jason with the Twins. Travis with the Rays. Jason with the Cardinals. Brandon with the Mariners. Jason with the Marlins. Brian with the Reds. Monty with the Blue Jays. Logan C with Colorado. Kevin with the White Sox. And Trey with the San Francisco Baseball Giants. Let's alphabetize by team. And we're going to pause the video. When we come back, we're going to see if there's any trades, then we will have the break. Stick around. Be right back. All right.  Little bit of trade chatter, but in the end, no deals were done here on a Tuesday night. Thanks, everyone, for getting in. Brian Croft with the World Champs. Max Fried with an excellent pitching performance today, too. Southern California guy. All right. Here it is. Limited Series. Series 44. Good luck, everybody. Thanks again for filling this up. We always appreciate it. You can cheer your hit with the Good People of Hit Parade. And we're going to start off with Garrett Cole, 10 out of 50. New York Yankees. That's going to be for Logan M, who won that spot in The Filler. Congrats on the board. Next up is Randy Arozirania. Nice rookie auto from Five Star. That's pretty sweet. Tampa Bay. That's going to be for Travis, who also won that spot. Next up is Jerseyan autograph, Alex Bregman. Jerseyan autograph, Alex Bregman, 94 out of 199. 2017 Topps Inception Baseball. The runners-up this year, that goes to Calvin and the Astros, got that spot straight up. I feel like Bregman kind of had a rough postseason. Next up, we have Fernando Datis Jr. Pro Penmanship Autograph from 2020, Prism Baseball. That's pretty sweet. San Diego, Matt Medlin. I think they're going to be... Potter's had a down year this year, but they're definitely a threat to my Dodgers next season. We've got Spectra Baseball, Slammin' Sammy Sosa, Illustrious Legends Autograph, 3 out of 5. Wow. Out of 5s and under, get the train whistle, Chris with the Cubs, all aboard the Big Hit Express. Woo-hoo! Yeah, I did, Ralph. I mean, as a Raiders fan, that was the first thing I saw this morning. Friends texting me and everything, too. Yeah, pretty terrible, completely preventable, terrible. This isn't terrible. A 2 out of 15 cut signature booklet, Tom Glavin. Let's take a look at this. Nice. It's got a great auto, too. That goes to the World Champions. Just crowned tonight. Atlanta Braves, Brian Croft with the bravos, bravo to the bravos. All right, next. That was a spot that Brian bought straight up. Next we've got... Oh, this is nice. Game ball signatures from NT Baseball, 8 out of 10. Right on the sweet spot, Johnny Bench for the Reds from 2015 NT Baseball. That is awesome. That goes to Brian Croft and the Reds, another spot he bought straight up. Appreciate that. Next. How about some White Sox, Andrew Vaughn, 32 out of, no, 232 out of 250. Class of 2019 auto from Bowman Chrome Baseball, actually from 2019 Bowman Draft. Kevin with the White Sox. I mean, as those young players on the White Sox keep evolving, they're going to be a dangerous team. There's Gavin Lux for my Dodgers, Jersey and autograph. Rookie, Jersey and auto, 33 out of 99. Kind of an up and down season for Lux, Paul with my Dodgers, but started really heating up at the end of the year, so I'm sure it'll be a big part of the Dodgers' plans next year, especially if they don't retain Corey Seger. We'll probably get some big money on the secondary market, the secondary market and the free agent market. All right. Next is Raphael Devers, 170 out of 200. Great year for him too. 2020 Tier 1 Baseball, Tier 1 Talent Autograph for the Red Sox, Taylor with the Bow Sox. All right. Oh, but wait, there's more. This is a dual case break. Let's go. Good luck, everybody. Kyle Tucker, rookie auto for the Astros, kind of had a breakout season this year, didn't he? 136 out of 150. That's for the Stros, that's for Calvin. Next box, we have another Raphael Devers, this time from Diamond King's Baseball, Dual Relic and Auto, 102 out of 299 for Boston, Taylor with the Red Sox. Next up is Shohei Otani, Sky High Autograph from Panini Daunris Baseball. Is that your AL MVP right here? Doesn't look like it's numbered. See a number here, but it's still pretty nice. Really nice. Angels, that's going to go to Zach. Won that spot, got randomized, the halos, gets the Shohei Otani. Got Trey Turner, 5-star autograph. This is Nationals edition. This is from 2016, 5-star. That must be close to his rookie year, no? Doesn't have the RC logo on there, but it's got to be pretty close. Brady with the Nats, next hit will be for the Brew Crew, that's Christian Yellich, on-card autograph from Topps Finest Baseball, from 2020 Topps Finest. Gerardo Lopez with the Brew Crew, nice. Another 5. Good luck everybody. Next one is Jim Tome, 2 out of 18, commemorating his 612 home runs. Nice triple relic and autograph. Ladies and gentlemen, speaking of triple threads, this is from 2017, this is Philly's edition, that's going to go to Jamie. We have the next, the current, the upcoming triple threads baseball on the site right now, triple threads baseball. Jaspy's casewrakes.com, pre-order now, drops on Friday, pre-order now, Jaspy's casewrakes.com. Next is Nick Gonzalez, 65 out of 150 for the Pirates, that's Brian Croft with the buckos. A few more to go, it's Alex Kearlaw from Gold Label Baseball, nice. Yogi Otto, I love the gold frame in Gold Label, pretty sweet. Twins, that's Jason with Minnesota. It is a Dodger, Silver Ink Otto, Gavin Lux, 8 out of 10, from 2021 Topps Tier 1 Baseball, Paul with the boys in blue, or Dem Bums, as they used to be called, or Trolley Dodgers. All right, first one ever made. It's going to be... Yogi Berra, nice. 81 out of 99 from Upper Deck Baseball Heroes. That's pretty cool. There you go. It ain't over till it's over. Logan M won that spot, got randomized the Yankees and ends up with a couple nights hits. Thanks Logan. Thanks everybody. I'm Joe for Jaspy's casewrakes.com. I'll see you next time for the next baseball break. Bye-bye.


Today on the breakfast Nigerians react as 70,000 results uploaded on the IREV beavers reconfiguration to be completed on Tuesday Also on the breakfast effects of the in our scarcity bites had as Nigerians go through untold hardship what is the way forward and Would also be reviewing all of the biggest stories making the headlines on a national dailies Welcome to the breakfast is beautiful Monday morning, and thank you so much for being with us. I am messy a bobo As always we set of our conversation with top trending the lineup is very interesting And we asked that you stay with us this morning on this frequency It might also interest you to know that we're broadcasting live from our studios right here in Victoria Island, Lagos It's plus DB Africa Well on a top trending is a very sad event that happened over the weekend And we're here talk about it and that's because he generated a lot of reaction not necessarily But I mean it's very sad and unfortunate that this actually happened. So, yes South African artist Costa teach dies on stage That actually, you know was on unfortunate event like I'm rightly mentioned Costa teach suddenly died over the weekend. I saw the video over and over again His family actually put that out After his performance at the music festival now the footage that are circulating Unfortunately, we can't bring you some of this clips or footage on social media Where he had performed Costa teach fell over on the stage before being lifted and by someone beside him and then he gets up And then the other second he apparently collapsed again It was you know at that moment where he was performing and then he suddenly passed out But his family, you know took to social media to announce his death saying dies with deep pain And we find ourselves having to acknowledge his passing at this time That's what the family said on an Instagram post and they're saying that they're thankful for The emergencies or the emergency that was available Apparently the family those who were around at the time It was also said that The family was quoted to say that there were tanks for for the emergency Responders and all those who were present at the last hour. We saw the video. I personally saw that video I mean I woke up to it on Saturday morning that video where he was performing He collapsed the first instance and then someone around him picked him up And then he moved again the second time he went off and that was it now We can't actually say if he died immediately or he died When he was actually rushed, you know to the hospital, whatever it was But the family has put out a statement. I'm interested to know that Costa teach was very prominent in galvanizing voice among South Africans on the piano scene Talented rapper. I mean yesterday I saw Korean putting out a post and and tweet us to that effect He was also a dancer a songwriter Collaborator great great talent if you see him very energetic I think that the world has actually lost a talent The world has lost a lot and it's really saddening and this actually also happens shortly after He was friends with the Korean Forbes current Forbes is a K a remember the shooting that happened in South Africa as well He was friends with him shortly after morning. Then it's his time Well prior to this time the spin server reaction from Nigeria kid wire put out, you know a video very very nice Berlin video He's this had a very cool environment talking about the need He was expressing his concern over the unfortunate incident that happened us yesterday And we'll have you and then in the course of that I think he got a lot of backlash people have been critical of him and saying it's not the time You probably would have been sensitive you can't constantly insinuate and put out certain messages because in In kid wires message He said that it was important that people pay attention to your artist and you know look after them Look after your health because most times check the blood pressure Make sure they're mentally fit, you know feet in all ramification And it has to do with reforms then you have to do that because in most cases this artist Actually are on drugs and they do a lot of things Just to escape all of the pressure on and all of that that you've been faced with well It didn't sit down with a lot of people It didn't sit down with a lot of people especially from Nigeria I can't talk about South Africa and some people are saying very popular persons like of the tomb amongst orders are saying hey You could have you know sense the mood in the room and just be very silent about it because it looks like Up until this moment even this from the statement of the family It's not been a certain what is the cost of the debt or what actually led to the debt of you know Costa teach right and so people have actually not embraced that saying hey You should understand that someone has died and it's not important to push out that narrative Especially when autopsy has not been conducted and so yes It's important to have an autopsy conducted and you know the consensus that he raised maybe he actually raised the concern Way too early probably wouldn't may just allow it just stay off until What led to his death was actually stated or put out an autopsy report has been given and then he can put it all of that but When you talk about people collapsing What could be the reason the spin a lot of Reports certified reports from medical practitioners could be anything but it's important that we take care of our health That's this should be the message our hearts and our prayers at we with the family of this Amazing talent and rapper. I think that the world would miss him really he was amazing Especially in an era where you have a piano You know topping the chart you need to go check out his videos his great his fantastic and a piano is some sound It has come to stay it was going to be here for a long time He was championing that cause unfortunately this happened shortly after he lost his friend Karen Forbes who's also known as aka We pray that he finds peace and rest but most importantly for the leaving the lesson is that please pay attention to your health we can't not You know, you know say for real when it would come knocking. I mean death But hey, what can we do to stay alive? I'm just important that you look at yourself take care of yourself very important So you stay alive. Okay, very sad very unfortunate. We'll move on quickly now next on the lease is we're back to Nigeria now We were in our South Africa talking about Costa but now Following the election is more like a trickle down from what happened from the elections of 20 the February 25th 2023 presidential elections now some peasants members of the all-progressive Congress particularly was seen that the women took out to the street to protest on paid funds after voting the APC and That video which has been making the rounds party members from a court local government area of the state Took to the street to make their case and some of the members of the all-progressive Congress in League of State I've also staged that particular protest alleging not payment of election allowance We never knew that there were some there's something like election allowance by parties leadership in the state so You know that the presidential National Assembly elections were held in 25th of February and party this time the several policies especially the Naira redesigned policy which a lot of persons said this now redesigned policy was actually meant to cover the issue of vote buying and what have you but I mean if you look at it We know that I nick had promised several And it made a lot of promises saying we're going to tackle this we're going to be against vote buying We're going to work against it We're going to make sure that we arrest those who are selling their votes and those who are buying their votes But unfortunately vote buying took a different dimension because from the report even though some persons have been quoted to say that people sold Yeah, this particular protest was staged But you can't also take out the fact that there are reports from states like a kitty where people Sold their votes on credits. It's like and it's like you woke up to start say mama Give me rice. I go give you the money tomorrow. You understand. This is exactly what played out and It's it's so unfortunate now for the fact that this persons are very bold and confident to take to the street to say Hey, we haven't been paid from what we did the last deal is the fact that they don't understand that what they have done It's not right. That's it. And so Where do we come? I mean, where do we start from actually, you know one of this now It's just a long message to say yes, we know that we had the electoral act of 2022 Yes, we also know that you know a lot of persons believed in this at the introduction of the beavers and one of you to you know provide Accredible elections free and fair and what have you but you also need to understand that people are thinking ahead and With the issue of vote buying as much as I would say it's okay to have laws in place to apprehend the rest We haven't had how many persons have been arrested so far for vote buying and those who are selling and and buying Because I mean it's not possible to I have the the buyer and not have the seller as well So we haven't pretty head if you have had it's okay I'd like to know how many persons have been apprehended across the country as to the issue of vote buying But you see like I always say poverty and corruption and vote buying whatever it is What can in hand now if we have to get to a point where people are not selling their vote I think that it's very eminent. It's very important that we pay attention You know to the current reality of the people a lot of people are so Frustrated a lot of people are out of options. They have no other option they don't even care about tomorrow and so what they care about is now and This is not to hold brief for them But you know because you expect someone to be rational and to say oh the rationality is why should you sell your Vote for on credit. I mean it's it's just a wrong business decision Especially with someone that you can actually hold on to you Don't have an address. You don't have an office that you can hold on to I mean a lot of things that you can You know hold on to so what's the rationality behind selling your vote to someone on credit and saying I will cast my vote for you If you give me XYZ now, there's also a poll that was made a survey that you know happened prior to this election That was in 2022 It was reported that a certain percentage of persons are willing to cast their vote or you know, you know votes On the basis of the fact that they will receive gifts and favors from you know, this sort of person I mean if anybody comes to me that survey people actually give gave into that about 62% if I'm not mistaken That's quite worrisome and I say that if we constantly say hey We're putting out loss to our prehands the specimens and hey, we get vote buyers and vote sellers Let's even say that's anything to go by but I'm saying that if we continue like that There's some people who really don't care that gotten to a point where they don't care what happens after the next day So what you're concerned about is today and how do you explain rationality? How do you expect these persons to be rational to understand that if I cast if I sell my vote if I give in my vote for on credit or 4500 what becomes of me for the next four years? They don't understand the rationality that they are selling out their future and your children and will have you so beyond putting out loss to a prehend those who are Casting their votes selling their votes and buying votes and what have you and mostly those who are selling it No, those who are buying is that we need to put the axe together what exactly could be responsible root analysis What's the cause of all of this problem? Poverty people are very hungry, but that's not an excuse like I always say but I'm saying that that's it So how do we solve the issue of people hungry being hungry people who are poor and people who don't think about tomorrow? They don't care about what the outcome of tomorrow is what they know is about today How can we survive today? And do you blame them? It's a rhetoric question No respect in an answer, but I think we need to factor all of this. What's the level of awareness? Do they understand? Do they have all the means of survival so it's encompassing to have the laws already and Implementation of the laws also different thing entirely, but I'm saying how do we address this? Addressing the issue of wood buying in our politics in our democracy It's not just going to be by the laws and saying we're going to arrest Yeah, that's going to make a lot of sense if we do that because up until this moment I haven't seen but up until we do that that would also have an impact But I'm also saying that on the other hand we need to look at why are people really selling your votes and not being rational? Understanding, you know the implication of casting your vote or selling your vote on credit and taking favors for how much We also need to get to that and as soon as we understand what is responsible for that behavior and action Then I think that we have the solution to the problem because if you understand what's the cost You will be working towards addressing it. So yes, it's a call to the government We are here implementing all of this policies But we do really pay attention to why people behave in a certain way and why we expect them to act rational when If you look at the I would always make reference to the theory of needs a brown Maslow You can't move to a certain stage if you have not gotten to a certain stage So you have the issue of need people hungry. You need to you know Satisfy certain need before you move to another talk about education So the basic need is food clothing and shelter and if people have not been able to meet a certain need He wouldn't the need a category or the strata of needs They how do they move to the other and how do you even get to the issue? You know to the point where you're talking about self self actualization. It's a lot Well, that's what it is. Hopefully we get it right now on the next on our top trending is that you have the last small officials begging logosians for forgiveness over the years of maltreatment. So This is very funny because the elections are here. Unfortunately. These elections would have probably happened. Yes That didn't happen. It's been postponed to you know, this weekend that we're approaching. That's the 18th of March So, yes, all things being equal. This is me saying because we can never tell if I know code You know wake up and say the elections will move so up until we get to the 18 That's when we know but the elections have been postponed to the 18th of March 2023 and now you find the legal state of officials and Officers begging for forgiveness over a years of maltreatment because the one Retainership of the governor of the state. That's so new right there I really don't know but you see the reason why you have the people in place the reason why it's a democracy It's that the people have a right to say hey We're not we're not having you know dividends of democracy and they're making demands So I don't know how this will pan out, but you know, I think that is solely and very dependent You know on the people to decide But this is also a quick reminder across the statistic states of the Federation that we need to understand that Governance is not just You know having a very fanciful office and then or fancy office and then have all of the You know the benefits that comes with this office being a governor and then you have the you know the convoy I mean according to the rules that are laid down and what it is So you go about you know your business That's not what it's about if you look at the origin the reason why government exists as Government not just in Nigeria, but across different parts of the world in Generality the essence of government is the government would be Responsible for managing the resources of the people on the other half That's the essence of government and categorically speaking if you look at the constitution of the federal public of my junior as amended 1990 it would be the responsibility of government to show that lives and property the welfare of the people not saying you know Categorically when we say the welfare of the people welfare welfare is its welfare its encompassing If you look at it, so I'm sure you want to you know go to the dictionary or look at the meaning of welfare on the internet Well fair is welfare. What what do we mean when we say welfare? So I think that for a lot of people who contest these offices those who are governors now Those who want to be governor is it feels like we're losing touch with the reality the essence that you have people In place the essence that you have all of this working is that if you say you want to be you're coming out to You know contest for or viable It's that you are looking at the interests of the people that you will protect the interest of the people that the welfare of The people will be a concern. It's enshrined in the Constitution So how many governorship candidate those who are also governors at this point in time and those who are Intending or those who are vying to become governors and you know would be contesting this election Come the 18th of February understand the basics of government. So we're just here struggling I just are struggling for basic immunity. It's really saddening the basic immunity has become a luxury So I mean if you have power supply, it's a luxury if you have access to security and becoming a luxury It's supposed to be basic things where government should be responsible. How are you then? You just need to move away. It's so saddening It's very unfortunate that that the people have to go through all of this But this is an appeal that justice you you wake up and say hey, I want to what's the motivation? What's the reason what's the rationale behind you vying for a political position or wanting to become a governor the president? What exactly is your intention? Do you understand the need of government? Do you understand why government exists in the first instance? Do you understand the reason why government came into place? Do you understand why the people came together and say there's something called the law social contract that the people who submit They will they will pay their taxes. They will build the laws and in turn We will do XYZ provide basic amenities protect your lives But that's not the case every other time and people are paying taxes people are not seeing dividends of what they're paying taxes for And every time you have those who should be implementing government policies at the irrational Activity humane and that we see with the last small officials So what exactly are we talking about now it's time for the elections and you're coming out to say oh forgive us for all of the wrongdoings Power lies in the hands of the people It's very important that the people understand the powers in your hands and that's exactly what has happened in 2023 But I we just hope that the people you know would decide the people always have the power the people Have always had the power and that's exactly what democracy is about So yes, maybe we need to reorientate we need to re figure or reconfigure The way we have been programmed over time or understanding the essence of governance We can't continue like this and expect a different result. No, it doesn't work that way We have police officers who are actively rational inhumane Those I mean if you look at the slogan of the police officer, I say police is your friend What is the mind during police your friend? No, you want to ask is the last summer please your friend No, that might not just be the the slogan for the last summer official But you know, that's the slogan So how exactly are we protecting the people that we were meant to protect rather with costs You know, it's it's so unfortunate But we say that we're a nascent democracy and gradually I am hoping And we also hoping that we get to that point where we understand the dynamics of all of this. It's so unfortunate We hope that everybody all hands must be on deck. This is not a question of the governor the president the commissioners Everybody we have to put our hands together. We have to come together and fix this nation called Nigeria. So, yes We can't continue you you beat the traffic lights. You don't respect you have no way for laws You I mean and you who are supposed to enforce the law you're acting indiscriminately even the animals Sometimes act coordinated And and that's not it. So, yes, let's do better. That's you know, the watchword this morning on our top trending We'll take a break when we return with time for us to go through The front pages of a nation deal is we'll call it off the press. Please stay with us. Good morning


Yeah, I think so. So I know I don't look like Dan Shreg, and I definitely don't play him on TV. But thank you, everyone, for coming back from lunch to come learn a little bit about my research in the archeological past. So does anyone get the reference that I was giving with Kies Wiesje? No? The opening lines of the Entré Breton novel which I know has nothing to do with us. But I always think of it when I'm putting these together. So I have kind of a different background. So I just wanted to tell you a little bit about that. My background is both in anthropology and in environmental science. I do archeological excavation as well as anthropological fieldwork. You can see in that picture there. That's me learning how to process a Goan elizard with Nyalanka Taylor in the Western Desert of Australia. And I'm currently a professor, assistant professor of social environmental modeling at Utah State University and a fellow at the Santa Fe Institute. So what I really want to do is use the archeological record and archeological data as well as understandings of ecology to understand our human place in the world. The reason why is I think that archeology provides us so many examples of things that happened in the past that can help us understand things about human sustainability. I have a new paper coming out momentarily in trends in ecology and evolution that argues for this field that I'm calling archeoecology, kind of a bridge between paleoecology and modern ecology, which people have been doing this stuff in a grassroots way but coalescing this into using computational models. And please don't tweet this picture, just so you know. But using computational models and archeological data with paleoecological methods to try and really understand the trajectory of the human species. So I kind of encapsulate this in this figure here where we have the modern ecology with the goat and the tree and we can get pollen and tree rings which can also come from the archeological record but we can get this through time. This can tell us things about ecosystem change. So that's what I'll really be talking to you about today. Most of what I'm going to be talking to you about is my work with humans in food webs and I'm going to give you two different examples of that. I won't be going into the nitty gritty details of food web modeling, but I'm happy to answer any questions. And if there are clarifying questions that need to happen during my talk, please just go ahead and yell them out. So food web studies come back to Italy. The first food web was written by Lorenzo Camarano in 1880 in this beautiful paper that the translation of is on the equilibrium of living beings by means of reciprocal destruction. So Camarano noticed that organisms would eat each other and that these connections of consumption led to this overarching web. And so modern food web studies are really building on this 150 year science of things that Lorenzo Camarano started doing back in the 1880s. He ended up being a professor up in Turin. And so my work really honestly builds off of that. So from these very simple early models, we can move to these slightly more detailed models that you see on the right. This is a published food web from my work in 2017. So in a food web, we begin with the primary producers and just to orient you in this map, those are the red balls on the bottom, all of our plants, any other kind of primary production. As we move up in the food chain, we move up in the visual description of the food web where we have primary consumers on the bottom in the kind of orange and true predators at the very top for those who are going to ask who that rock star in the upper right is. It's actually an insectivorous bird that migrates through the area that has important implications for the insects in the area, but not very many things eat it. So and I think that these can be really interesting because if we start looking at what people do, that red arrow is actually pointing at people and that's what I'll be talking about, how people insert themselves into an ecological system. So at food webs, one of the things that they can tell us is the structure of an ecosystem. We can look at how many predators, how many prey there are. We can look at nutrient flows from that primary production all the way up to top predators. And that can tell us a lot. We can look at the redundancy of species. So are there eight different kinds of hummingbirds or plant pollinators or is there only one? We can look at what happens when we remove one organism, like on the right, that one that's kind of highlighted white. If I took that out, that would reorganize that entire model food web. So ecologists have been doing this for a long time, but highly resolved food webs have not really included humans until very recently for a number of reasons. And so I was drawn to using this kind of approach because archeologically we have preserved food remains. And so we should be able to build food webs of the past and look at how these change over time to tell us things about human resilience. So I build food webs of people. And just to ground you on how I do this is I begin first with the human aspect, whether that is coming from an archeological report or my actual archeological excavations. So what do we dig up? What do we identify zoarcheologically or archeobotanically? Or if I'm starting with ethnographic food webs like I did with Mardu, I begin with interviews with the elders, with follow studies of what they're actually hunting, with ethnographies to get an idea of what people are eating. So this gives you this beautiful list of everything people ate. Then I can go from that and radiate out to create an entire network or as much of one as I can of the local ecology. And then I connect all of those taxa to each other and that gives this highly resolved food web. Excuse me. This is what it looks like. So for my archeological case study from Pueblo Southwest, beginning with very dusty reports, going to when you're compiling food data, going to expert knowledge, asking actual experts, does this bird actually eat this? Have you ever seen that? And documenting all of that data as well. Come on. So we'll be talking about the American Southwest, my food web published in 2017. And the food web published in 2019 from the Western Desert of Australia. We'll be beginning actually with the Western Desert of Australia. And Yaakov I think there might have been a question online and if it's a clarifying one, will you just yell out at me and ask? Thanks. So why the Mardu? So the Mardu Aboriginal people lived a traditional nomadic existence in the Western Desert of Australia from about 40,000 years ago. So the Western Desert we think remained relatively empty of people from the original founding of Sahul 70,000 years ago until about 40,000 years ago when it became a little more habitable. But they lived this traditional existence until 1964. They were nomadic foragers moving throughout the landscape. And in 1964, what changed is that the Australian government decided to remove them to cattle stations and missions on the periphery. Because they wanted to test the missiles in the empty Western Desert. So they actually shot a missile into the desert. They flew an airplane over, realized, oh dear, there are people down there. And they sent an anthropologist to contact them. There's a documentary called Contact, not the film, the Carl Sagan film, but it's a documentary that came out in 2009 that interviews a lot of the elders who came out. And so in the summer of 2017, I lived with the Mardu elders to ask questions of the ecosystem. So you see between the 60s when the people were removed to the periphery and when they were allowed back in in the late 1980s, there were cascading extinctions of small-bodied mammals, such as the Mala or Rufus Herdwalibi, Lagarchesta Cersutis that you can see on the right, which was ubiquitous in all of the arid zones of Australia and is now extinct on the mainland, but there are still relic populations on islands. So the question is, what happened? So when you remove people, and if this was a PowerPoint, you'd actually see a video shot by drone of fire, but Aboriginal people use fire throughout Australia for a lot of different reasons and the Mardu use it for hunting. In the winter time, so our summer there winter, they light these one to five hectare fires and what this does is it burns the spin effects. That's spin effects that you can see there and the spin effects grows really thick and shrubby and it requires different fire stages essentially. The Mardu, what they do is they create this patchy mosaic so they burn these little fires and then in their summer when the lightning strikes happen, the lightning fires don't spread and kill everything. So when you remove people and it's 40,000 year co-evolution between people and the environment, you're removing the ecosystem effects that people did as well. So paradoxically, it seems that people were actually keeping animals in this pretty vulnerable region alive. So I wanted to look at this long-term co-evolution between people and ecosystems and apply this food web model and work with Mardu elders to understand what could have been going on. Several of my colleagues, including my two co-authors on this study, have done work looking at how animals prefer certain fire stages. So you can see on the right, this kind of wheel where you have the burn where the dingo is and this kind of goes through the recent burn where the dingo is, the middle is the burning obviously. And they've looked at, used camera traps and various things to look at what animals are using which fire stages. This is work by Rebecca Blegie-Bird and Doug Bird. If you remove indigenous burning, you end up with less diverse ecosystems because the fires that happen in their summer can spread tens, hundreds of thousands of acres like we saw in 2019 to 2020. What that does is then instead of having this patchy mosaic where you have animals that live at the periphery, you end up with kind of a monoculture of spin effects throughout the area. So we wanted to model pre-1964 and modern food webs to see what the human effects were. So this is some of the Mardu food webs. So I started with Mardu, I lived with them, I followed them, I asked them what they ate. In the 60s, they'd talk about it, I'd ask them what some of the locally extinct animals ate and built this food web out. So on the left, we see this trophic level sorted, the white ball is Mardu. On the right, we have connectivity sorted. So this is everything that you're eating or that is eating you. So the reason that I'm showing the funny food web on the right is that shows you how very connected Mardu are. They're eating across the entire food web from tiny little seeds to very large birds like busters and the rock wallaby that we have, which is we don't actually have kangaroos in the western desert, it's too hot for them. But they're eating everything. So if you remove Mardu, you're actually removing one of the most generalist predators out there. We can look at this another way, which is by looking at, and this is both the 1964 food web, by the way, I didn't say that. And I also do have these in different seasons. So right now we're actually looking at the summer food web. There's not a huge difference, but there's enough of a difference and I'll tell you about that. So we can look at this another way and look at just what is that high generality and how does it change. So this is what the 1964 food web looks like and I have weights for the different organisms based on talking to Mardu and going through ethnographies and seeing how often they eat all of these things. So on the right you have plants and fungus. On the bottom we have mammals going across. On the left we have birds and then we go up to the herpetifona at the top. Mardu are eating a surprising amount of things. In the 60s we already do have some invasive species. I don't know if you can see it, but at the bottom here, let's see if this works. Ooh, that's a camel. I know you can only see it's hump. Camels are not native to Australia. They were introduced by some enterprising British person who thought that all deserts should have camels. But they were already there in the 60s as were cats and foxes in small amounts. Mardu would eat them because they are there. But you can see that there are certain organisms that are incredibly important to them. So then we can look at the modern food web. So what happens after they're gone for over 20 years and they come back? Because things do change. Well, we see a huge constriction and the flour and ham is just my illustrative representation of store-bought foods. They're not always eating flour and ham, though those are two of the main purchases that they make. But you can see that there's this huge constriction to some of the most important taxa that they ate before like Goanolizards at the top. A lot of the plants constrict down to bush tomato, selenium fruits, and some of the more important mammals at the bottom. But 80% of their diet in the summer is coming from store-bought foods. So I asked one of my informants, well, what happens? So there is a tiny little store in Bargore, the Aboriginal community that I worked in. What happens if the truck doesn't come in because that happens? And they say either you go hunting or you get really, really hungry. So they still have this representation or this connection to the ecosystem, but it's less strong than it was before. Okay, so we know that this changed, but there are several things that changed here. The human portion of what they're eating. So you can see that this is very different. There are also extinctions and there are also some invasions. So how am I going to compare food webs that have different sizes together? Is there an actual change that happens that we can detect? So I employed what's known as a niche model, which is an Erdos-Renyi randomization of the food web that maintains the hierarchical structure of the food web, ran those simulations a thousand times, looked at the difference between the 64 web, a web without people and a web with people. So what these niche models do is it simulates the food webs with similar number of links and looks at what random structure would be. The reason this is important is as ecologists, we know that extinctions just happen. It's one of the things. So we have to understand what the baseline rate might be before we compare to a modern food web and we can look at what affects humans and their ecological effects had within the food web. So these are essentially the results. What you're seeing here, the orange dot in the center, that is the 1964 web, the red bars around it, that's the niche model.  So we see some things where it's just within the natural variability. Vulnerability standard deviation, which is looking at vulnerability to predation, things like that are kind of within variability, but there are structural things that are very different between when people are there and when people aren't. And so what I determined from these analyses is that Mario tend to be these knitters of ecosystems, that their function within there, their grazing ability, their broadcast fire, all of these things are kind of holding that ecosystem together. One of the really, really, really critical features that they have is in the summertime. They're one of the only predators of large snakes and goanna. Large snakes and goanna love to eat the fluffy mammals that went extinct in sometime in the 70s. And Marty are also broadcasting fire, which creates these smaller spaces that these mammals can run to and hide. And so when seven years after Marty were gone, these huge fires started coming through, it transformed the landscape and Marty were not there to help perform these ecosystem services. So their presence essentially kept that food web together. And you can read about this in the paper that's in the lower left. Yeah, so the question was how common are Erdos-Renny's randomization simulations in food web studies? Yeah, so there's a paper by Williams in 2003, I think, that kind of establishes this as the baseline for looking at that. And so I was following his protocols for doing this. Good question. Okay, I'm gonna move on unless somebody else has something. And if people want to yell out the questions, I'm happy to just repeat them instead of waiting for the microphone or we can wait for the microphone, whatever works. Happy to do it. I'm happy to repeat questions. So one of the best things just happened about this. Three days ago, I was emailed by a colleague of mine, Sean Olm, that my paper made it into the Australia State of the Environment, which is the report that the government of Australia will be using to help with biodiversity and biodiversity loss in Australia. So this was just published or published, it says 2021, but I think just came out online. And it's very exciting for me because I think that this shows how important this kind of deep time work is for understanding our present and future of our species. We can't understand our modern ecosystems without understanding what we did in the past. Otherwise, we're kind of walking blindly. And so this is, I think, the most exciting thing for me. And I hope you think so too. So let's move to the American Southwest. This one will be a little more brief. I'm working with this data again and moving forward with some other analyses, but I'm gonna give you a little story. So here is where, if you've been to the Southwest, Santa Fe is somewhere. Well, shoot. It's south and east of Chaco Canyon, National Historic Park, but this gives you an idea of where I'm working. So all my sites come from within that square on the Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico border, okay? So this area is where the ancestral Pueblo are from. In the late 1800s, these two cowboys were riding up the canyons, driving their cattle, and they looked up and saw these cliff palaces like you see on the right.  They took pictures, or they invited a newspaper columnist out who took pictures and pretty much people became obsessed with the ancestral Pueblo. People wanted to know where they went and why they left. People hypothesized a huge drought that happened, but we now know that they lived through a lot of very bad droughts. They hypothesized hostile invaders, but we now know that the Athabaskan speaking people from the north came hundreds of years after this was abandoned. So I figured I should look at the 700 year occupation of the area to understand how people lived, to understand why they left. So people entered this area fully fledged as farmers in around 8,600, and they left by about 8,300. So they had this 700 year occupation where they thrived, they had families, they interacted with the environment, and then everyone essentially went away. So I built a food web because how are you going to understand people if you don't understand what they eat? Since we're in Italy, we all know that's true, okay? So this is the ancestral Pueblo food web. I think it looks kind of like a layer cake since we're talking about our graphs in terms of food. It's not a chapati, this is a layer cake. So that arrow is pointing at people, and this is the meta food web for all of the Southwest, but then I can pull this out for the many different sites that I have. The original publication, I had three sites, I now have over 30, and so I'm able to look at what changes happen over time. Excuse me. One of the things that you can do is look at some very simple statistics and look at key species for people. So people liked eating deer and they liked eating maize. Connectivity is one of these statistics where we can look at what you eat and what eats you. So we can see that when humans come in and bring maize with them, so this is not native to the area, they, when they migrated in, they brought it. Oh, I'll take your fancy water. We can see that people inserted themselves into the ecosystem, but deer are native to there, and so you can see where they are within this, but if we remove one side of that and just look at predation, we can look at vulnerability to predation. One of the things that humans did when they brought maize is they unintentionally brought candy with them. So in going through the reports of all of the species in the area and reading about every single species in the area, every single animal that eats plants will eat maize. And we do know that farmers in the area occasionally have to, when corn is castling, chase off organisms to protect it. We know that ancestral Pueblo people had a lot of storage to deal with kind of insurance, if you will. They would have about three years of storage with them at all times. We know that that was raided from time to time. So we can look at this and see that over time, people brought this candy with them and increasingly had more vulnerability over time, and I'll show you that. So most archaeologists, when they look at the ecological things, they just look at one or two taxa that they care about, such as the deer and the maize. But in compiling a food web, you read about the entire ecosystem and you get this natural bio-history, essentially. One thing I noticed is that in the sites that I gathered and my newer sites, we have these two taxa here, elk and snowshoe hare, as well as many others, that depend on forested corridors for breeding and for feeding. We see this, we see them up until sometime around AD 800, and then they start disappearing from the archaeological record. By the time AD 1180 shows up, we start seeing these two bird species that do not exist in the area anymore. Scaled quail on the left, they're from around Farmington, New Mexico, which is a couple hundred kilometers away. Since 1909, there have been three sightings of scaled quail in this area. And on the right, we have sandhill crane, which since 1909, we now have 11 sightings because there were two last year. But we see these in abundance. There's a diagnostic hyoid bone for a scaled quail as opposed to a California quail. And so we can actually identify them in the archaeological record. What this is telling me is that there is some kind of an ecological shift. We've known about deforestation in the area for a while, but this is showing us other effects of that. Humans are creating a niche for other species. So people had to clear trees for building their fields. When we talk to descendant communities, they talk about how you can figure out essentially the acidity of the soil based on what plants are growing there. And they like to plant maize where juniper used to be. So they clear juniper from the fields. They also use juniper for building their houses and things like that. Over time, they're going to be clearing the landscape, which we've known about from pollen cores. And we know that people have to go farther and farther afield for their wild resources. So even though people are farmers, they're still engaging with the wild ecosystem as well. Other people have estimated the population in the area. Dylan Schwint estimated the population to be about 27,000 in the 1200s, right before depopulation. This is a very, very high amount of people. It's about the amount of people that live there now. And there's a Walmart there. So these people are farming and fielding or gathering wild resources. And they're only going to be able to do that, really, when there are smaller densities of people. Otherwise, there's so many people packed on the landscape that it becomes problematic. So I talk about this obviously a lot more in this paper. I have follow-on papers that should be coming out in the next year. But I really want to go to what could uses beyond food tell us? Because we're people and we do things other than eat. We make clothes, we build buildings. And so with some collaborators, I've started looking at the various ways that humans interact with the biotic environment. So categorizing things, not just in food, but looking at clothing, housing, fuel. These are categories I debated with other archaeologists for a long time. And we've started cataloging this for not just the ancestral Pueblo, also the Mardu, Miriam Islanders, Pacific Northwest. I have a published paper with the transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic in Central Europe. But this is a way for us to start looking at the ways that people interact with ecology. Here's one thing that will be forthcoming in this paper that I think really takes the discussion away from just the importance of maize as a food, the importance of rabbit and turkey and deer as foods, but looking at all of the uses for all of these.  We can say that that's an artifact, right? The juniper is used as an artifact. But also working with descendant communities to identify how they use things. So one thing that I want you to see here is that maize is really important, but so is juniper, the primary tree species, as well as pinion. And these are used as well in food and in ritual and all of these things. So you're making a choice between eating and building things, and these would be hard choices over time. Choices that we are making today too. How do we decide how to use our biodiversity and how do we provision our children when we know that there is a slow unfolding catastrophe before us? So this is from the Swifterbond study where we looked at these kinds of connections in an overall network. And what this tells us, using network analysis, it can kind of tell us the importance of a taxa to the connectivity of everything. How many things is it used in? What happens if you remove those taxa from the landscape? So in Swifterbond, it's interesting because we have the Neolithic population coming in and replacing the hunting and gathering way of life, whether it's people changing or switching of the population is still debated. But one of the things that we can see is we can actually look at this and what this kind of structure does to the ecosystem. And I apologize for not putting the citation on there, but I'm happy to share it with anyone. It's open source, so you can find it, open access. Another thing that we can look at is how people bring things together. So remember I said people are eating maize, but they're also actually eating juniper. So a lot of the time for niche normalization to make sure that your corn has protein in it, you end up boiling it with a little bit of ash from a tree. And so when they make peaky bread, the Descendant Communities do, they follow this recipe where they add chinapodium, which is essentially a quinoa type species. It's goose foot in this area, as a dye. They're adding juniper ash. They're using Helionthus, a sunflower hood to put over it to help the bread kind of rise. And this is coming together on this little stone there. You can see the picture that I took to make the bread. And so this is really important. So imagine you're a person who has inherited a landscape where deforestation has happened over time and across space. So you're having to make these choices and decide what you are going to do. So when people left the ancestral Pueblo area, one of the things that my paper from 2017 talks about is they were experiencing a landscape of shortage over time. But they had come to a kind of sustainable way of doing things if they came to a new area. And so my argument is that it was time for people to go, which is what Descendant Communities will tell you, to bring these sustainable strategies, to migrate to a new place where there weren't people living there yet, and have these sustainable strategies that when Europeans came to the US, we saw the Descendant Communities using. I think this can link to some of the discussions we're going to be having tomorrow about migration, because people had a place to go then, but we don't really have a place to go. So with these studies, one things that my colleagues and I have talked about is ways to understand how people process information about the landscapes that they lived in. And so this is a representation of that, showing it with an ocean habitat, so up in Iceland, essentially. But we're looking at these information flows, so how much of the local landscape do you understand? And what happens if you aren't quite sure what's happening? So for an example, because this is basically a description of Iceland. In Iceland, there's a, when the medieval north showed up, they started harvesting duck eggs, and they realized after a while that the populations of the Eider ducks were declining. So they put together laws to protect the Eider harvest, which means that today we actually have very strong Eider colonies there. They recognize that there's about a three-year leg between what you harvest now and what will happen later. And so having that information, that ability to understand and transcribe that information pass it on is really important, but what happens when that doesn't happen? So you can have these kinds of, this flow chart here shows you this idea of when you modify the ecosystem, and there's an instability. Do you identify the problem? Do you not identify the problem? Are you able to change things and have remedial action, and so you have a good outcome? Or are you not able to change things, either because you don't care, or because it's too difficult, or all of these? So these are the ideas that we came together. For this upcoming paper, and I developed a very simple conceptual model, which is here, that is looking at how there's total information within an environment that we can't access. We cannot know everything about an environment no matter how good of scientists we are. So there's going to be some kind of costs of processing the information, which leads to available information and usable information. There's going to be costs of actioning the usable information, which can lead to that wielded information, and there will be losses of information due to your perceptual limitations. This was just accepted in Global Environmental Change, where we use this very, very simple conceptual model to then look at three different case studies around the world, the Pueblo, the South Pacific, and Iceland as well. And so this is new work that I have coming forward that should be out in the next couple months. So to sum up, humans do impact ecosystems, but we are a part of the environment. We have evolved, and at least around 300,000 years ago, we started moving out of Africa, and we started impacting ecosystems around the world. These impacts are not uniformly good, and they're also not uniformly bad. But the archeological record can help us understand when they're good and when they're bad. And we can look to these experiments with the past to understand what has worked and what has failed. And I think one thing our modern society is really bad at doing is learning from our ancestors. But I think that we can, and I think that's why we all are here. And so what I do, archeo-ecology, and modeling methods, I think can be useful for understanding this human place and ecosystems and helping us to move forward in a just way. So thanks to my funders, and thanks to all of you as well. Thank you. Questions? Yes, Sandra. Thank you for the fascinating talk. Do you think that your method, your approach could be applicable to our present food web? And do you think the best way to proceed could be to build hundreds of very specific kind of local food webs? Or alternative you think is better trying to build, if possible, the food web of the whole humanity. Only one big layer cake. I don't think we can build a gigantic layer cake at this point, but I'd love a slice if we could. No, but so with the Australian work, one thing that I'm, I have this project that I'm working on right now is that I have that 80% connection to the store. Well, I have receipt data from what people were buying at the store. And we know where those products come from. And so something I'm working toward is being able to decompose that global position of the food web, the flour that they have. A lot of it is Bob's Red Mill. And so it comes from Oregon. Their beef comes from Sydney, or Sydney processing plants. But these kinds of things I think can be useful with probably some other tools like agent-based modeling, for example, where we can look at those trade-offs between buying from the store and hunting and how hunting actually gives back to the ecosystem. Vulnerabilities in the supply chain make local people vulnerable as well. And so I think that those approaches can be useful. I think as a lot of scientists, what we do is we learn a technique and we just start applying it everywhere. And that's something that I would like to not do with my work, but I do think that I've found some compelling stories for this. I'm not sure if building tens of thousands of food webs would answer all the questions, but I think that for specific questions, it can be one tool that can be really useful. I think there are a lot of other tools that can be really useful, like systems dynamic models or agent-based models or just working with local communities and trying to help with local foods movements and things like that. We're gonna need to be flexible, I think, as we deal with challenges and understand the local constraints to be able to deal with them. Yeah. Can you hear me? Yes. Yes, please. Who is this? My name is Joe. This is Joe Carlin. And I'm speaking to you from New York. Great. Thank you very much for your very creative and original work and for this presentation of it. I have two questions. One is, could you say more about the possible importance of the taxa that eat people? Not only what they eat, but the taxa that eat them and whether those taxa played any role in the departure from Mesa Verde, if I'm remembering the name correctly. And second question, so that's basically infectious diseases and parasites. Secondly, I believe you used the niche model of Neo Martinez and Williams Yes. in your analysis of the impacts in the Western Australia. Yes. And I think it would be important to do a sensitivity analysis to compare the conclusions from that model with conclusions from a number of other random food web models to see whether your conclusion is an artifact of the model or is a robust conclusion or at least on what assumptions your conclusion depends because the assumptions differ between the different models. So have you considered doing a sensitivity analysis with another model to cast your conclusion? Yeah. Those are my two questions. All right, I'm going to answer your second question first and then your first question. So yes, it's Neo and Rich's work. I erroneously put Rich as the first author that I used for the niche model. And you're absolutely right. I think that I can draw conclusions based on comparing my model and running the simulation, but I didn't run a comparison against a lot of other webs as has been done in ecology. And this work is going forward. And so I do think that that is a very valid thing to do, especially if the Australian government or anyone else is going to be paying more attention to this work. I think that there are valid results that came out of this modeling exercise, but I think that if we want to look at the strength of those in comparison to other places that we absolutely do need to do a sensitivity analysis and compare this against some of the other model webs. As to your first, did you have something to add, Joel? I'd like to hear your answer to the first question. Okay, so your answer to the first, my answer to your first question, what eats people? Generally speaking, I did not include parasites within this web and Jennifer Dunn has done work looking at the importance of parasites within food webs. And the reason that I did not include parasites in this web is the data was not available. And so this is a terrestrial food web of looking at mostly macroscopic organisms. And so the predators of people are generally things that will eat the young. So cougars will sometimes prey on young people. Packs of coyotes have been known to do that. We do have evidence of cannibalism in the American Southwest. It's not something that people had to deal with all the time. But there are some papers on the violence in the Southwest. One was published in 2014 called The Better Angels of Their Nature by Tim Kohler et al and Christian Cucklerman. And so there are predators of people, but they are in lower levels and generally sub-adults who would probably be picked off in certain circumstances. I don't think that people had to deal with regular predation by other organisms quite regularly, but it's still important to include those links. Thanks very much, Stefan. Thank you so much for your questions. Thank you, very nice talk. Could you expand a bit more on your conceptual model? Where you had the information, I don't think I understood it. So are these numbers that you can measure or...? We do have, so within the paper, we do have some numbers that we measured from Iceland, where we looked at, because in Iceland they actually had written documents and so we can look at when they had enough information that came in about the environment, how they had remedial change and when they didn't have enough information and how they did not. And so we used numbers-ish, looking at they had very high information flow, so between 70 and 90% and things like that and looking at how this can change the outcome in the end. So at what point does it matter that you have these compounding variables, that you don't have great information, you don't have people wanting to make change, so they're not wielding the information well? What does that do to the ecosystem in the end? It's really a very conceptual model, but I think that it can be helpful for looking at how people gathered information in the past and places where we can look at what the outcome was and look at this potentially for some things, some situations going forward. Okay, so if we don't have other questions, then we thank you again, Stephanie, for this great talk.


Boom What's up money gigs? Mr. V here. Welcome to another video. So and this one we are going to talk about chicken symbol M-I-L-E Metro mile. So this is a company that we cover here on the channel I talked about this company and why I like the business model when they were going public through a spark And I told you guys this is one that you want to be in From the get go and so ever since they went public we had this pullback and throughout the entire summer The stock is actually taking a massive beating which at this point I think it's a good opportunity for you to get in Especially with some of the good news I'm going to share with you guys about Metro mile here But before we get started guys, if you're new to the channel We took about how to earn money how to save money how to invest and build wealth So that's something that interests you go ahead and hit that subscribe button and the notification bell So you don't miss out on new content. So when it comes to Metro mile and the reason why I really love this company again I'm going to break it down to you guys so that you can actually see Metro mile is a company that is actually involved in Pay as you go No kind of insurance. So you pay per mile.  Do you think that's fair? I don't think it's fair.  Zero so the only chance that it's gonna get actually when it's on the street walking again I'm not saying that somebody cannot ramp it in your garage Or you cannot ramp it yourself, but at least the chance of getting an accident are really really minimal So that's why I like my true mouth and I talked about is when I first did that video when I did when they said they were going Public so again the business model to me is something that I'm really fascinated about again If you guys understand the way I approach a lot of these growth stocks is that I look at disruptors in the industry in the insurance industry space I've always hated insurance because they make you pay For something that you need but when you don't get in any accident anything you don't get anything back But then when you get in an accident not only do you pay but then they increase your premium. It's like I Don't really like it approach and again. That's just probably me Maybe some people find it. Okay. I have I have a serious problem really No wrestling with that, but that's beside the point So Metro mile again one thing that I want to show you guys right here. This is massive news for Metro mile So Metro mile is being acquired by Lemonade and so lemonade is another insurance company So see they do rent as insurance. They do home owners insurance. They do cars You see where it catches right there. They do cars and then pet insurance and term life insurance So again when it comes to cars They are getting into a space where Metro mile is already Excelling so look at our partnership. They have License all over I think 49 states so far for lemonade So come Metro mile, which they're currently only in a few states So if you partner with or you get acquired by lemonade By default you have access to 49 states already, which to me. I think it's a really good partnership So here are the details if we can pull this up of the transaction So for every for every share that you would get that you own for Metro miles So basically it's gonna be a 19 to 1 Transaction so you take 19 shares of Metro mile you convert them into one share of lemonade and again I'll show you guys Why that is so currently lemonade is clearly trading at 62 dollars and some change and Metro mile is trading as three dollars and And 24 cents. So if you take this it'd be 19 of this To one share of lemonade when the deal closes. So that's the way it's gonna go down So again to me, I like Metro mile and that I bought Metro mile I've actually averaged down and I did at this point right now again If you want to be a bottom-fitter, you're buying down here, but you know fully wear that By Q2 of 2022, I think that's when the deal is expected to close. Yes Yes, Q2 of 2022 that's when this deal will close and they would convert all your shares From lemonade into Metro mile, which again that is the terms of the deal So I like I like the approach. I think it's an excellent partnership. I think they both bring something to the table Lemonade has a bigger audience have a bigger Exposure Metro mile is coming in now to benefit from that. They have a lot of AI Again, this is machine learning and artificial intelligence that helps guide them So they're bringing that technology over to lemonade and to expand their car Insurance here so they can actually grow faster and then exposure to different states now They only have limited state but exposure to many states. I think it's something that's gonna come in really really handy So I kind of like this this combination moving forward So for those of you guys that are currently not in Metro mile again This is where Metro mile is sitting at the bottom So you could be like a bottom-fitter where you like to buy when the price is way down there So again, you can get it now knowing fully where that is it gonna convert in the future into into lemonade again That's just for me. I like Metro mile from the from the very get go and one thing I didn't even show you guys was lemonade had gone up to about a hundred and thirty or hundred and forty bucks Before even pulling back to sixty two. So again, this stock had exploded So imagine that if this thing explodes again, and then you when you're converting from Metro mile to lemonade You let's say if it's trading at a hundred and thirty bucks So nineteen to one would be nineteen shares of Metro mile to one share of lemonade to be So you you come you come out on top again if even Metro mile is still trading at Let's say three dollars and fifty cents You're gonna come out on top if if lemonade is trading at let's say a hundred and thirty bucks So again, just some math for you to do this So again, let me know what you think about is first of what do you think about a business model of Metro mile?  So there's there's ups and downs there So again, that's why I give the example of somebody that owns two Vehicles where if you drive one more and in a particular season say in the summer and the other one more and In the winter time that would probably work well for you, but somebody that commute Longer distance and do let's say 50 to 100 miles every every other day.  Do you put your seatbelt on do you stop where you're supposed to stop?  You just know I have insurance and that was about it But that's changing Technology is coming in and helping us improve and be better. So that's why I like it again Let me know your thoughts in the comment section. My thoughts may be different from yours I really want to hear them because it's important that I learned from you guys too So again, let's have the conversation in the comment section If you're new here, we talk about how to earn money how to save money how to invest and build wealth So that's something that interests you go ahead and hit that subscribe button in the notification belt So you don't miss out on new content also guys if you were looking to get started with investing Yeah, Moomoo has this promotion right now where if you sign up and deposit any amount one dollar You get five free stocks somewhere between $9 and 3500 I'll put those in the links below and as always guys Do your due diligence. Don't be greedy savage. Stay motivated


Yeah, we on Boss Talk 101. Yeah, you need to tell me how you met Al Green. Well, actually, no, I did not meet Al Green. So you didn't get to meet Al Green. But you met me again. But you said you had a story to tell about Al Green. Well, where he recorded all of his stuff, Royal Studio in Memphis, it was, I'm trying to think. I'm sorry. Damn, what was his producer, Willie Mitchell? Willie Mitchell. Willie Mitchell owned that studio. That was his spot. That's the one that Sir Charles was talking about. My number one award is the Sweet Willie Mitchell Award. OK. That's Pop's Mitchell out of Memphis, Tennessee. Now, women, what are you saying about the Muscle Show studio? Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. And Memphis, Pop's Mitchell got the biggest studio. OK. Inside of Memphis. And that's responsible for your Al Green's and stuff. And he the one to discover Al Green and made all of these classic records inside of that studio. Wow. So me coming up through the tulitch of the Memphis sound, I got a chance to know Pop Mitchell's grandchildren. Wow. Which run the studio now, which is Boo Mitchell. OK. And they gave me the blessings to let me learn things about the way they actually recorded and did that stuff. Really? Back in the day. OK, they broke in. They never gave me the secrets. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. You know what I'm saying? So that's for I'm grateful and thankful to Pop Mitchell. Yeah, for opportunity. The opportunity to touch this stuff, you can touch an actual board that the Rolling Stones had. Yeah. And stuff. And he would like touch it. He would like, oh, and then that's interesting. And he'd see that look in your eyes. Pop Mitchell, see that look in your eyes. He's going to sit down with you and teach you how to operate that board. He'd be like, son, right here was this channel. He'd say, you see that cigarette stain right there? He said, Al Green put that right there. Or he might be like right here. Aberkeen did this right here. And like certain stuff like see with that, like how you got that entrepreneur hat. Yeah. Say if I threw that hat over there. And he'd be like, you know what, I'll never move that hat. That's what he would do to ever again. Because you always want everybody to know that Sir Child Jones actually threw that hat over there. That's a legendary corner. So man, you were like, wow, Aberkeen, this is just blinking.  Wow, God, that's what I was saying. You'd be mesmerizing. He'd take you through there, man, and let you see how they actually did this stuff. And it trains you. It makes your hunger more just, man, than to know that. To know it. I'm loved by living legends. That when you walk in, you feel music. You don't even understand. Sir Child Jones came over and told me that. The same as it was. That's what he said, really. He said, threw a hat right there. The hat was right there. You remember he said that? That's what Sir Child Jones said. Pilling off the wall, y'all got to understand. The drums, the bonga, Al Green's mic, the organ, everything is exactly the same. Wow. Right? Boo Mitchell is a good friend of mine. That's Willie's son. And he runs everything now there. They actually did, what's the big Bruno Marson? I know what you're talking about. A town farm. Yeah, yeah, yeah. They recorded that there and all of that. Really? That's why it sounds like it sounds. They used the horn players from Al Green's horn players and all that. When I went in there, we used his piano player, his organ player, the horns, all of that came through and recorded. Wow. How did you feel? Charles is the organ player. He's like a big brother to me. Call him Uncle Charles. You were there doing that. I can't tell you, because it was so, OK, I got it right here. This is the one. Two things, because I don't like to, I know I get the stretching things out. My wife always tell me, stop talking. No. Listen to it. Two things, so you know at the beginning of love and happiness? Yeah. When you hear the, right, before it's done. So everybody think that might be the guitar or you're stopping, you know, something like that. That's a guitar, that's it. So I'm thinking it's a guitar. I go in there with Boo and him and the people that originally was there and I'm playing it because I know how to play the song on the guitar. And he was like, no, let me show you what it actually was. So he actually goes and get, you guys remember the old wooden Coca-Cola crates? Yeah. The wooden ones. He turned that upside down, said, stump your foot on that. The original one they used, that's what it was. Wow. I stumped my foot on there, it sounded just like this.


newest Tennessee Titans selected at number 35 overall in the 2022 NFL draft. You paid a pre-draft visit to the Titans. They certainly paid a lot of attention to you in the process before and after. Did this pick come as a surprise to you at all? Yes, sir, I would say it came to me as a surprise. But I kind of had my thoughts off that they might pick me. So it was a little thought in my head. I'm just excited that they probably did call and I'm just like overwhelmed. I'm just thankful for the opportunity.  You had to battle your way up out of after getting out of Williamson High School and going to Mobile. You started on special teams. You worked your way up and you became an All-America selection this past year for the Tigers. That tenacity, that fight, that work ethic, where does that come from? It just comes from me. I would say just growing up on Mobile, everybody, we have a lot of talent in Mobile. Just the guys I grew up with, they were tough. My mom, she was tough. And they all made me tough for people that was around me. And just like since I grew up and always played with a sister, I would play with a chip on my shoulder. So I would try to come with aggression and just play to my best of my ability. And that's my mindset every time. NFL teams look for their defensive backs, especially right off the bat. To play special team, you like it, don't you? Yes, sir. I knew coming in to college that I was going to play special team to get on the field. So that's my mindset. Special team will get you on the field, and that will help you a lot in the long run. So going to the next level, that's the same mindset. Special team will get me on the field. So I'm coming in to play special team and help team out right away. The chip on your shoulder that you've talked about throughout the course of your career, will that remain as you come into the NFL? Yes, sir, always. That chip on my shoulder is not a bad thing at all. I feel like it's always a good thing to have a chip on your shoulder. They make you want to be great, make you want to push, make you want to become a better player. So that chip on my shoulder can always be there no matter what. Describe your style as a defensive back as a cover corner to the Titans fans who are watching this and listening to this. My style, I would say I'm a great like overall corner. I'm great with just playing man, I got to play zone. I fit into the system. I play both really and I'm a guy who's not that tall, like 5'11", but I'm not scared. I'm not backing off from that. I'm a tackle, I'm a smart player. I can adjust from corner to nickel. So it can be a lot to help in being fit to team and everything. And that's just my mindset. Just the guy that I am, I'm always had a chip on my shoulder. So a lot of guys, we don't have that dog mentality. My mindset is really just different. That's the reason why I think, that's the reason that it sets me apart from everybody. Roger McCrary, Traylon Burks is a part of this franchise. So it's an SEC West reunion. You've gone against him before you're now going to see him in practice. Give us your thumbnail on the type of receiver that the Titans are getting in Traylon Burks. Oh yes, sir. I said they're getting a great receiver. Before the draft even started, a lot of people asked me who was the great guy you went against. I always say with John Metchie and the guy who everybody slept on with Traylon Burks. That guy there, just his size, his size, he can run for his size, he can jump, he can catch. And just like the guy he heals, his mindset, when I played against him, he wasn't trash talking. He was focused on himself. So I say with him and that right mentality, I feel like he's going to help program real great. And I'm happy that I'm going to get him in practice and finally come to the team together. Roger, you're at a gathering with your family at a sports bar in Mobile. Talk if you would about what this moment means to you and your family as you're drafted in the second round of the NFL draft. It is great. It is great to find center right this moment here with my support system back home. I'm just happy that they are here. And no matter what happens, going to the next level, I know they can always have my back. That's my mindset. Mobile is going to always have my back. And I'm happy to represent 2-5 going here and going to the next level. The 2-5-1 will be represented by Roger McCrary, the cornerback Auburn, who is now a Tennessee Titan, picked at number 35 overall early in the second round. Roger, as we say here, congratulations and Titan up. All right, thank you. Thank you for having me.