Well a very good morning to you and welcome back many thanks to Hillary for that engagement You know about the contraceptives we get now to change and shift the gear for just a minute and get to talk about youth and politics Well, it's exactly nine years since devolution took place. I rather happened in the country We have had quite a tremendous things change and of course devolution simply means, you know The dissolution of power and responsibility to counties that is in Kenya the 47 counties today. We get to ask Do young people really understand what devolution is how do we get to be to dissolve all these matter and get to Get to have an understanding of what devolution is all about Jenny myth is morning It's a set of young people from around the country, of course, and I begin from right next to me It's a star one boy who is a secretary of gender affairs faculty of arts at University of Nairobi. Yeah, I had to get that, right All right, all right, thank you. Yes, right next to right next to her is pee pee pee. Hey, pijing I almost say big B Caribou, so now he is their accountability and transparency party leader and of course at the my far, right It's investor surgeon who is not the youth leader Of course at RLP Which means Republican liberty party. All right Yes, thanks very much guys for making time even to join us on set Let's begin this conversation about youth and devolution and what's what's really the understanding as let me begin with you Do you think as young people really understand what devolution is? I Could say it's a yes and a no Because in this devolution we still have you point that When those counties, you know devolution is the situation of power. Yes in those counties We have youths who are who are there that's why I say it's a yes And I know some of them who don't know what to read what devolution really is I can say it Some of them are ignorant They don't want to understand and then the other part the other youths who don't know we can say it There is a lot of bureaucracy Like if you really want to know your ambitions you want to know what devolution is you want to be there at the Cake cutting then there's a little bureaucracy you you pass I you pass through a lot of people so that you can really understand What devolution is all right? I understand that devolution is a matter of interest But you have mentioned about the issue of bureaucracy and ignorance. How do we get these two together? Because ignorance yeah, I've said some of them they're ignorant like they really don't want to know what it is They just want to to get like it's so simple like they don't to get really to know what devolution is And then bureaucracy some of the young people are ambitious They want to know what what's the evolution is they want to be there at the cake cutting process You see like you don't to like later Like you don't know later. Okay. Yeah, yes pigeon Let me come to you because of what Esther has mentioned about the issue of bureaucracy and ignorance What do you think ignorance is the center stage of why most include or not vote devolution I want to say that first I like the concept of the evolution in terms of development Because I believe if you devolve resources because the two things need to be redevolved is resources and power If you do more than the sources power and the responsibility the responsibility of youths especially in the electrosystem Is whereby they elect those in power? We have power devolved from MCA to the governor But we also have resources that should be devolved in terms of industries and those other things to create your four youths To see youths are somehow even or in one way that they don't take serious part in being the people in power in that devolved system That's the first aspect How many youths get out to be the leaders the MC and whatever so that they be part of the devolved system second thing is resources How many resources are created in terms of the made the government how many industries are being devolved So you find because there's no more resources in the in the county level most youths will run away Especially the literate youth will run away to the cities when they run away to the cities It means we leave the country with no youths but only elderly so it becomes very tricky So once we get them involved in those two aspects and they get the right to start participating in those two aspects Then I think it will be the best solution for us Virginia mentioned about resources being devolved to the to the 47 counties and have a question What exactly do you want devolved for the youths to take their place? You see for the youth they form the manpower part of the country the manpower in fact Yes, if you devolve something like if it is instead of Constructing big rows in the city. What do we do that in the villages? They will be taking part as people who are working there if you do like dams or Oscars or schools there will be people employed there. So in this aspect they can get that resource But if you don't devolve or bring those Services close to them where they can get employed. You see you'll be putting them or you'll be making them transfer to the cities where they are Roads constructed they are building constructed so they will be living there and pigeon We have seen an upsurge in the in the recent release by sensors reports in the city That is in a rugby capital that the city the couple city and we have seen an upsurge of the people that are residing in Robbie County could these be some of the reason to why we are seeing this upsurge? Yeah, I'll say this you see if the concept was devolution of devolution was introduced if we could transfer this resources Why youths are coming to to to contest the CBD and the Nairobi if we could have like for example If you revive me as in Western most youths from Western will go back to me as if you could do the same Maybe in Kisumu those the fishery they'll go back there if you do the same in Morang and wherever You to go back there, but you see when I would come to the CBD He gets his job, but maybe after some period of time job is over. They can't go back home. They fear going back home It means they Congest CBD and start those other vices like either crime and whatever drug dealing because they don't want to go back home And there's no opportunities as you have seen most of the industry closing in the CBD's Nairobi and make some other big cities This is a cross in here, but youths transferred from the counties to the national where they're going So she'll be going back. These will help us a lot. All right And let me let's bring in Sylvester and talk about issue Sylvester They have mentioned quite a number of things that I believe they are concerned But I'd like you to address the issue of rather the question of why why do we have to relocate from other county governments all the way To to to the city because I mentioned about resources our resources They only issue to why we are having ourselves, you know moving to the city. Yes, of course for you to Like In our day-to-day life, you have to make money There is nothing like you are you're in power and you're not making money So at the end of the day, there must be an income which you are generating from this and When you're involved so the youth You see now the the county governments what they are doing is they are they are trying to create policies They are yeah for the youth in their absence like when you go to those boards for For the youth in the in the counties you will find most of them are being shared by old people Why because? They feel that this youth Are not able to stand for themselves They feel that this youth have engaged in those vices of the society like alcohol same drug abuse while in contrary they This drugs the the youths were selling these drugs. Maybe it's if they are even selling the drugs for the for the big bosses So you see at the end of the day, it's a it's a very big It's it's like a web Interlude it so this it's a big deal of corruption Let's come back to you as to because I understand that you have quite a vast knowledge in terms of devolution and Young people as you said quite a number of people are left out in terms of understanding how devolution even works Just bring us on board and tell us or other vices What are some of the things that we need to look at some of the proteins we need to venture into in terms of devolution? Okay We'll say like youths. Let's start with youths. How many but like it's 70 70 percent plus You know, right? So it's not everyone will be accommodated when you talk of devolution now How can we how can we help the others that will not take part in the evolution? We can start with business of which it is like our the government of Kenya There are very few people who can be supported But the very few people who are supported we can they can like enlarge that company for example They enlarge the the company and take the the very few people who are literate Well, and they'll be there to to say that devolution is really working because most of the people most of the youths Right now they are complaining Most of them. It's not all of them because There are still some people who have who have been taken, right? Yeah, that's why I'm saying devolution can also can also take business And help them help them and the the ones who will be help they will be there to say devolution is really working And also we can look at talents Yeah, and if talents are well well looked at I feel it will it will not be as it will not be something that will be of waste All right, and and PG now want to come over to you again and What what exactly do we do we have to what are exactly the responsibilities that we need to hit at? Because just talked about so much of the things that we can do other than you know even focusing on devolution Other things that we need to venture into as you mentioned earlier instead of us shifting now from our devolved units now coming back to Nobby what I think that we can do in our counties Thank you very much allow me say that this concept of devolution is not only not known to the youth But also to the general population because to my aspect is that when we hate devolution Of course the national we do talk of national government There's no national government We doesn't sit in any county in terms of the physical aspect because if you talk of the state houses in Nairobi The idea was if we were to hit devolution very well from the onset in 2013 By ensuring that all resources if possible even up to 70 percent of this revenue We see they're complaining if 70 percent of revenue want to go back to the devolved units and we have responsible leaders there Let me tell you in the five years time that you've been having those counties want to generate money back to the national government But you see the concept is that you devolve some responsibility with the less resources in terms of the finance A challenge I give youth is that instead of us Maybe complaining about the opportunities like that we can go to talents. We can go to business and any other thing Why don't you take them out of we are 70 percent? Why don't you join the policy and the leadership because you see Leaders make policies that affect us They make it from the county assembly to the national assembly. Why don't you be the policy makers? We have the numbers as we are saying we are over 70 plus Why don't use that number so that would be the policy makers to make policies in those houses by being elected For example and make policies that will favor youth in every level So that's also as a green area. We should venture to but the same way we should also invent in those other aspects like business But for example, what is the favorable environment for business? That's another question If you were to Saturday your kiosk Or either your business how many people are getting unemployed with the number of menus graduating with the issue of retrenchment Yeah, now tell me where is this person going to get that cashed by your business or to invest in your business This is a bigger challenge that we must ensure that at least we create that opportunity All right, and you have talked about responsive, uh, the leaders are afraid that responsibilities What what should they focus on too? If they want to save the bigger population They should focus especially most of their revenues or their budgeting back to the To to to to projects that generate revenue for example If you have to have an industry accounting First of all, you'll cater for youth employment So you ensure that youth are employed when they're employed you ensure that that country generates revenue from that From that industry of which Virginia have seen in several in several counties. Let's talk about machakos You've seen doing that, but on the other hand we still have young people from that place coming through the city This is more of a peer influence. Yeah to youths what we are saying ignorant To youth they haven't believed that a county government can be a heaven to them They still have that notion of Nairobi being the best place to be So the second thing is also even what you want to make heaven to them in the county is really heaven to them Nairobi has more resources that attract them How about the counties are they creating more resources that attract us back to the counties? So those are two areas that we must tackle if you have to go in a better way Have our leaders failed in terms of the devolution aspect They have failed to understand it and also in terms of the resources because you see for example Which houses approve resources going to the to the devolved units is both houses So if they were to be of good will for for devolution They could have supported evolution fully and send it to oversight to ensure that resources they sent to the county Are implemented you see so that we also have corruption for example Look how leaders resources are in the county government, but how much is going to people pocket instead of Helping youths or resources. So that's also another big area where our leaders are Right. Let me come to you Sylvester and let's let's let's do my mind around this question or like how our leaders failed and What exactly do we need to focus as young people in terms of our counties? Okay, yeah, I think all our leaders are failed From the national all the way to the it's all leaders are failed because You cannot say county County governments alone are failed the The youth while they hold only 15 percent of the budget or maybe even if it's 35 Then it's still way below the below the the half of the revenue So you see all these problems started with the with the national government with even the formation of national youth council and also all those youth youth councils or associations because You see you'll find there's a lot of bureaucracy In the national where the national government wants to control the the counties And also the national the national government will want to be the spokesperson of the of the youth So you'll find the youth running to Nairobi And they leave their counties Because I couldn't do I took one hour to tear All right And pig bin probably from what you mentioned and or even what Esther mentioned about the issue bureaucracy seems to be the emerging issue right now And I think we need to address the issue of bureaucracy because at the end of the day understanding of devolution We don't take place if we don't solve some of these issues How best can we solve this issue of bureaucracy for young people to understand and take their place in matters devolution Tomorrow said I'll say that in terms of bureaucracy When we devolve the unit we have the county government I think there must be direct responsibility and and and like Roads of the county government the right to do some Issues or decide some decisions without involving the national government Because if you see if the county government can employ people directly without any other board We can even have board for employment in county government so that we go directly there You see like how Uduma center was devolved people can easily move to any county office and get their services You see this is how we should also ensure that services are done there But the problem is who are the majority if you're talking of youth getting the The bureaucracy who are the majority in the bureaucratic ladder? They are not youth You get even a youth a youth chair of a county or a CS of youth. It's not a youth So for example getting this youth to convince this other guy to bypass the bureaucracy becomes an issue So we need to ensure that counties have full autonomy in terms of some other matters that affect us Especially in in terms of recruitment and whatever stuff and those supporting business and whatever thing They must have their fund and people coming to the national you see like we have national fund Let's talk about this issue. It's it's a topic the delicacy talk It's something a little question I want us all of us to discuss We've been talking about bureaucracy. We've been talking about ignorance My question is if we were given a responsibility and told aster I wanted to look into this particular issue and this particular docket Yet, you don't have the information. How do you plan to execute? your mandate You've been given a docket yet. You don't have the information and the even the ability you have no You have no knowledge about what's supposed to be done. Okay. How do you handle that? No, that is a problem that we're having in kenya right now Because we're talking that youths are in the county government But the problem is which criteria is being used to take those youths Maybe someone was a psychophant of a certain politician and he found himself in those county government Do you want to tell me that that youth has that had youth's interests and can be able to crystallize Everything every every youth's interest He hasn't because he was just put there and you must be loyal to your boss That is why I want to I want to emphasize that Youths are not not everyone not every youth has has the youth's interest All right. Do you think there there's an issue of who knows who? Yeah, exactly. We cannot be able to ignore that Let me hear from silvaster When we are having these dockets being advertised and then we see particular persons be given the dockets Is it an issue of who knows who according to your own understanding? I think these positions are tokens from those in power tokens. Yeah because If you if you even if you look from the top when the president is appointing people You say he's appointing somebody with 94 years. What do you call that? That's a token to to To his old allies So when you when you go to the counties, you'll find the ccs of the youth You'll even find the youth leaders there. They are not leaders Maybe some of them are their chief campaigners. Some of them are their relatives So at the end of the day, there is no participation from all the public So you find these people are just unpicked And they do not represent the interests of the youth Silvaster when you mention about the 94 year old and the like and the the the tokens they've been given about the The old generation and the like You know the nci ncic board has a 20 year plus young lady So it's not just an issue of like the age It's an issue of like what do we need to take place and it seems like no response to it No, that's just a drop in the auction That cannot add any value When you're one post and you want us to clarify Maybe if it could have been 80 of the positions in this country or Like that one now, maybe we could start celebrating but for now, I don't say how many do you need to have for satisfaction? Yeah, maybe at least uh because how many are we as youth in this country 70 plus percent Yes, so we should be talking of and then she mentioned about something called ignorance How how do you plan to to handle that docket when you're given? There is nothing like ignorance because This ignorance only exists in in the brains of those leaders where they think now that they love they'll pick the hand They'll unpick their people And now come back and with the reverse psychological Your addresses they'll come to you and tell you that you are not you are not keen on the On the on the on how the county works. You're not following city. What what what? What they're saying is just to cover up what what they did Yes, all right. Yeah, let's say pijin. What you got to say allow me a lot two things Assorted as a recent scenario Or by there was census And since I'm looking my number, whatever was developed from the national government to people in the counties Check on the selection criteria. How many you see when you think the village is caught that job? If not talking as he's talking about because even some were some were applied Pijin it's of it's of understanding that everyone from the census you get from a particular location Everyone that was counting people they were from that particular location Allow me to tell you that was not the reality in some areas and yes, we saw two only Yes, we only saw two on air. Now, let me tell you like for example You find the son and the daughters of the chief and the village and whatever stuff are being selected Let me tell you these are people have opportunity already These are people whether they're familiar a bit But when these resources go to the county and evolve Are the leaders really caring about the people who are less able because the resources target people who don't have maybe something to empower them But what do we do? I'm a chief. I'm a whatever person.  I like other aspect where youths fail. You say our name is 70 percent The challenge I made today as I'm telling you when I'm from here when I'm coming this ATP party is We have NYC as he's saying national youth council. Why 70 percent of youths being brought in a council not even in our ministry That's the first thing and it's our challenge Not not not the challenge of the guy. It's our challenge Why are you only becoming youth wing and party wing and delegate? So it's all about us Are we really ready to take the mantle to be the leaders instead of complaining in the villages? Are we really ready to be the policy makers? It's a big challenge. PG when you talk about uh, NYC Where else can we fit if you don't if you don't have a particular people who are leading us? Now there's a green area. The constitution says that for any elective post you must be over 18 or no Okay, youths have this notion of you must have money as a first aspect To be a leader like to be an MC. The second aspect is you must be both Since a youth I need to be paid That's a concept still going around that if you don't have money to pay me a lot of what you in As a youth is like if I don't have money I cannot contest so the question is The constitution allow anybody above age 18 to contest as long as maybe you have a degree another qualification according to different levels, but are we really to unite ourselves? To ensure that we be the leaders than be the supporters because you have been supporting people have disappointed us for a long time But we are still ready to support them and complain of unemployment Who are creating the jobs the leaders who are creating the policies the leaders? So What I change youths why don't you use your number? Why don't you change that notion because what we are fighting now is mental revolution There's something going on in the youth that we cannot be leaders So that only need a revolution of mind Not not striking the road for government for 3.4 like you said at that time 3.4 million jobs You go ask the government which promise that the second thing they do is for his words tear gas and whatever starts Why don't you be the leaders instead of complaining? All right guys, we are running out of time, but I want to give each and every one of you time Esther talk to us about the issue of Devolution and the young people. What are some of the loopholes we need to cover up and seal and move on? For me I can say Number one for us to cover it up. Number one. Let us not take leaders Into county governments the youth It should be something that can that that should be advertised for everyone to see so that these stories of becoming Seiko fans of politicians and taking them to those offices and these are the people who don't Who don't really know what is youth's interest and will be continuing to sing around saying that the youth are not being catered for Like this post which which will be occupied by the youth should be advertised for everyone to see whether you are illiterate or illiterate And from there we can now start saying that Our case the people who got these things Are catering to our interests next time. We'll have to ask you about the the young MPs What are exactly they are doing is we're talking about devolution. We need to ask ourselves. What are what is jaguar doing? But we know they are young people. What are they doing? Anyway, pijin, I'd like you to talk about Of course the young people and matters devolution. What exactly do you think county counties have to do in terms of absorbing the young people or all say the following first The counties need to have a data for example How many graduates do you have from your county in different areas? But we have counties that do yeah the issue is are you using the data? For example, if you have youths graduating maybe as teachers from a different county, even though we have the tsc How many loopholes? How many teachers do you do you need? How many engineers are graduating from your county? So that we tap this information Implement it and ensure that you use our people. That's a green area that we must check. Second thing Devolve counties or devolve system units as county government must ensure that they now take their budget back to the resources and And development so that they can engage youth there instead of youth coming up here Why don't you start even if they are said if you construct maybe five kilometers around youth and the people will be Why don't you start tapping these people in this direction? So that you get something out of them But if you are training your people like educated people from maybe Bomet County and they're coming to Nairobi How are those youths helping you? All right. Are we having an issue of implementing devolution for the young people? I'm saying that's Totally true. We have an issue there. Let's have even a rule if you are saying like two-third of gender should not be of the same Whatever of representation should not be of the same gender. Why don't even bring such bills in the county government? We ensure that maybe two-third of whatever employee people in the county government are not Maybe are youths or whatever stuff so that we can get them in a favorable environment. That's what I will ask All right. Let me come to you. So first as we wrap this up So first of the issue of ignorance bureaucracy has emerged from this discussion. How best can we address these two and moreover? Is the government really putting measures to try and absorb the young people in terms of decision making in the country? Okay, what I would say first is that In my opinion The youth national youth council and all those councils who have been formed to represent the youth Should first should first be dissolved. I think they are not doing anything for the youth So all of this should first should be dissolved and even the organizations These these people calling themselves the youth representatives. They should just they should go home We give it a try for let's say two years without these people and see even the the docket for minister of youth Should just be abolished and we see if if now we can if Then we see how we can reduce this level. Let's say corruption If you see things like nyis scandals and those let's see. Let's give two years And check if there is no if there is there will be no corruption Then we will see that the problem was with these youth representatives next semester We need to address the issue of devolving even corruption because it's an issue that is emerging everywhere as most people are commenting on that Yes, anyway guys. Thanks very much for making time to be together with us this morning We much appreciate that was ester. We have pijeno have silvester Of course talking about the understanding or rather making the youth understand all about devolution Well, my name is garandra alex. We get to do youth and politics again next week on monday Don't go anywhere. Well monstalk is coming up next after these. See you there


from Berlin, Germany. It's theCUBE, covering DataWorks Summit Europe 2018. Brought to you by Hortonworks. Well, hello, and welcome to theCUBE. I'm James Kobielus. I'm lead analyst at Wikibon for Big Data Analytics. Wikibon, of course, is the analyst team inside of SiliconANGLE Media, one of our core offerings, is theCUBE. And I'm here with Joe Morrissey. Joe is the VP for International at Hortonworks, and Hortonworks is the host of DataWorks Summit. We happen to be at DataWorks Summit 2018 in Berlin, Berlin, Germany. And so, Joe, it's great to have you. Great to be here. We've had a number of conversations today with Scott Now and others from Hortonworks, and also from your customers and partners. Now, you're international, you're VP for International. We've had a partner of yours from South Africa on theCUBE today. We've had a customer of yours from Uruguay. So, there's been a fair amount of international presence. We had Munich Reed from Munich, Germany on. So, clearly, Hortonworks, you've been in business as a company for seven years now, I think it is. And you've established quite a presence worldwide. I'm looking at your financials in terms of your customer acquisition. It just keeps going up and up. So, you're clearly doing a great job of bringing the business in throughout the world. Now, you've told me before the camera went live that you focus on both Europe and Asia packs. I'd like to open it up to you, Joe. Tell us how Hortonworks is doing worldwide and the kinds of opportunities you're selling into. Absolutely. So, 2017 was a record year for us. We grew revenues by over 40% globally. I joined to lead the internationalization of the business. And, you know, not a lot of people know that Hortonworks is actually one of the fastest growing software companies in history. We were the fastest to get to $100 million. Also, not the fastest to get to $200 million. But the majority of that revenue contribution was coming from the United States. I think when I joined it, it was about 15% of international contribution. By the end of 2017, we'd grown that to 31%. So, that's a significant improvement in contribution overall from our international customer base, even though the company was growing globally at a very fast rate. And, that's also not only a fast by any stretch of the imagination in terms of growth. Some have said, oh, well, maybe Hortonworks, just like Caldera, maybe they're going to plateau off because the bloom is off the rows of Hadoop. But, really, Hadoop is just getting going as a market segment or as a platform. But you guys have diversified well beyond that. So, give us a sense for going forward. What are your customers? What kind of projects are you positioning and selling Hortonworks solutions into now? Are they different, is it different, well, you've only been there 18 months. But is it shifting towards more things to do with streaming, NIFI and so forth? Is it shifting to more data science-related projects? Give us a worldwide... That's a great question. This company was founded on the premise that data volumes and diversity of data is continuing to explode. And, we believe that it was necessary for us to come and bring enterprise-grade security and management and governance to the core Hadoop platform to make it really ready for the enterprise. And that's what the first evolution of our journey was really all about. You know, number of years ago, we acquired a company called Anyara. And the logic behind that acquisition was, we believe companies now wanted to go out to the point of origin of creation of data and manage data throughout its entire life cycle and derive pre-event as well as post-event analytical insight into their data. So, what we've seen is that customers are moving beyond just unifying data in the data lake and deriving post-transaction inside of their data. They're now going all the way out to the edge, right? They're deriving insight from their data in real-time, all the way from the point of creation and getting pre-transaction insight into data as well. So, pre-transaction data, can you define what you mean by pre-transaction data? I think if you look at it, it's really the difference between data in motion and data at rest, right? It's a specific example would be if a customer walks into a store and they've interacted in the store maybe on social before they come in or in some other fashion before they've actually made the purchase. Engagement data, interaction data, yes. Exactly, right, so that's one example. But that also extends out to use cases in IoT as well. So, data in motion and streaming data, as you mentioned earlier, is becoming a very, very significant use case that we're seeing a lot of adoption for. Data science, I think companies are really coming to the realization that that's an essential role in the organization. If we really believe that data is the most important asset, that it's the crucial asset in the new economy, then data science becomes a really essential role for any company. How do your Asian customers' requirements differ or do they differ from your European customers? European customers clearly have their backs against the wall. We have five weeks until GDPR goes into effect. Do many of your Asian customers, I'm sure a fair number sell into Europe, are they putting a full court, as we say in the U.S., a full court press on complying with GDPR? Or do they have equivalent privacy mandates in various countries in Asia? Or a bit of both, I mean. Well, I think that one of the primary drivers I see in Asia is that a lot of companies there don't have the years of legacy architecture that European companies need to contend with. So in some cases that means that they can move towards next generation data orientated architectures much quicker than European companies have. They don't have layers of legacy tech that they need to sunset. You know, a great example of that is reliance. Reliance is one of the largest companies in India. They've got a subsidiary called Geo, which is the fastest growing telco in the world. They've implemented our technology to build a next generation OSS system to improve their service delivery on their network. Operational support system. Exactly.  So they can, in some extent, move quicker and innovate a little faster in that regards. I do see much more emphasis on regulatory compliance in Europe than I see in Asia. I do think that GDPR, amongst other regulations, is a big driver of that. The other factor, though, I think that's influencing that is cloud, cloud strategy in general. What we've found is that, you know, customers are drawn to the cloud for a number of reasons. The economics sometimes can be attractive. The ability to be able to leverage the cloud vendors' skills in terms of implementing complex technology is attractive. But most importantly, the elasticity and scalability that the cloud provides is hugely important. Now, the key concern for customers as they move to the cloud, though, is how do they leverage that as a platform in the context of an overall data strategy, right? And when you think about what a data strategy is all about, it all comes down to understanding what your data assets are and ensuring that you can leverage them for competitive advantage, but do so in a regulatory-compliant manner, whether that's data in motion or data at rest, whether it's on-prem or in the cloud or, indeed, across multiple clouds. So that's very much a top-of-mind concern for European companies. For your customers around the globe, but specifically, of course, in your area of Europe and Asia, what percentage of your customers are deploying Hortonworks into a purely public cloud environment like HDInside and Microsoft Azure or, you know, HDP inside of AWS? In a public cloud versus in a private on-premises deployment versus in a hybrid public private multi-cloud. Is it mostly on-prem? Most of our business is still on-prem, to be very candid. I think almost all of our customers are looking at migrating some workloads to the cloud, even those that had intended to have a cloud for a strategy have now realized that not all workloads belong in the cloud. Some are actually more economically viable to be on-prem and some just won't ever be able to move to the cloud because of regulation. In addition to that, most of our customers are telling us that they actually want cloud optionality. They don't want to be locked into a single vendor. So we very much view the future as hybrid cloud, as multi-cloud, and we hear our customers telling us that, you know, rather than just have a cloud strategy, they need a data strategy. They need a strategy to be able to manage data no matter where it lives, on which tier, to ensure that they're regulatory compliant with that data, but then to be able to understand that they can secure, govern, and manage those data assets at any tier. What percentage of your deals involve a partner, like IBM is a major partner, do you do a fair amount of co-marketing and joint sales and joint deals with IBM and other partners, or are they mostly Hortonworks-led? No, partners are absolutely critical to our success in the international sphere. You know, our partner revenue contribution across Amia in the past year grew, every region grew by over 150% in terms of channel contribution. Our total channel business was 28% of our total, right? So that's a very significant contribution. The growth rate is very high. IBM are a big part of that. As are many other partners, we've got the very significant reseller channel, we've got IHV and ISV partners that are critical to our success also. Where we're seeing the most impact with IBM is where we go to some of these markets where we haven't had a presence previously, right? And they've got deep and long-standing relationships and that helps us accelerate time to value with our customers. Yeah, it's been a very good and solid partnership going back several years. Well, Joe, this is great. We have to wrap it up. We're at the end of our time slot. This has been Joe Morrissey, who is the VP for International at Hortonworks. We're on theCUBE here at DataWorks Summit 2018 in Berlin. And I want to thank you all for watching this segment and tune in tomorrow. We'll have a full slate of further discussions with Hortonworks and with IBM and others tomorrow on theCUBE. Have a good one.


COVID pandemic continues marched through schools. Five individuals charged with human trafficking after undercover operation. Sheboygan Falls welcomes Roots Tree Restoration Project. These and more on this edition of Community News Review. This is Community News Review, service WSDS-TV news content provided by WHBL. I'm Maddie Fister and this is Community News Review for Tuesday, October 6th, 2020. Even with three days worth of stats to report, the 198 new positive tests for coronavirus received in Sheboygan County since last Friday grabs the attention. The ongoing outbreak at Kettle Moraine Correctional Institution near Greenbush had been pushing county figures noticeably higher of late, but less than one third of all of those cases in the last three days, 63, were associated with that location. 26 new cases in the county were added Saturday, 62 on Sunday, and another 110 on Monday, bringing the total confirmed cases in the county to 2,369 active cases, which do not include the KMCI, now 57, 11 of them hospitalized, 78 recoveries were recorded over the week, and there were no deaths in the daily update from the County Division of Public Health. With 978 test returns received in all, the positive rate was 20.24%. Wisconsin recorded under 2,000 additional cases of coronavirus for the second consecutive day on Monday. When and with another 1,696 added to the total today, which now stands at 134,359 since the pandemic began, 1,865 had been recorded on Sunday as 8,560 tests in all were received in the last 24 hours, and the positive percentage was 19.8%. Former percent in Wisconsin died of COVID-19 since Sunday, putting the deaths total to 1,381. 56 persons entered hospitals for treatment of the disease, and 714 persons are now hospitalized with confirmed cases of COVID-19, with 194 of those in the ICU. Another 188 patients are awaiting their test results. 382 persons require ventilators in their fight with the disease. The coronavirus that forced schools to into virtual learning earlier this year and radically reshaped instructional modes for the current year continues to evade efforts to contain its spread. Last Thursday's facility-wide investigations report from the County Division of Public Health listed 18 education settings in the county with active investigations, and two Sheboygan area school districts. James Madison Elementary and Horseman Middle School reported the presence of COVID-19 too late to make that list. Since the Central High Jackson Elementary and Sheboygan Leadership Academy sent notifications to parents on Sunday that the disease had been detected there. Contact tracing is underway at Central and Jackson to find those who had close contact with the known positives, while at the Academy, no close contacts were found. And the latest report came on Monday when a letter was sent to Sheboygan North High parents informing them that a positive COVID-19 test case was identified in cohort A. No schedule changes were required due to any of those discoveries. Efforts to replace tree populations decimated by the Emerald Ash Borer have been starting in several locations in Sheboygan County and roots or restoration of our trees, Sheboygan. It launches its final push of the year in Sheboygan Falls today. Roots is run by the Sheboygan Rotary Club and the focus today will be the River Park and the Western Avenue corridor in falls. Federal, municipal, county and private sector funding along with Rotary and Sheboygan County stewardship funds are financing the effort and coordinating volunteer support for the project. Began replacing trees in Plymouth in September and over the past weekend added Elkhart Lake and Sheboygan to its project list. Eventually trees will be also added at the Broughton-Sheboygan County Marsh, Gerber Lake and Eslinging, Roy Sebalt and Taylor Parks. The top agricultural official in the county got a firsthand look at issues faced by Wisconsin dairy farmers during a visit to Double Dutch Dairy and Cedar Grove on Friday. The meeting of the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, Sonny Perdue was hosted by Double Dutch owner and edge dairy farmer cooperative. President Brody Staples who runs the local farm with his brother's jewelry and his father, Rudy Staples said it was an honor and a privilege to host secretary Perdue and that it is a crucial that farmers bring their voices to them and that need to hear them saying how much higher of the chain of command can you get than the secretary of agriculture. Perdue for his part said that visiting the farm is a chance to leave D.C. and get a taste of real America and related that those who attended on Friday know what they are talking about. Friday's events was attended by three dozen farmers, cheese processors and others from throughout the state. A multi-agency undercover operation conducted by the Sheboygan County Sheriff's Office while working closely with the Wisconsin Division of Criminal Investigations. Plymouth Police Department, Sheboygan Police Department, Wisconsin State Patrol and the Sheboygan County District Attorney's Office culminated on Friday with the issue of charges related to human trafficking against five individuals. The charges alleged crimes of prostitution, soliciting patronizing prostitutes, possession of child pornography, prostitution, resisting and obstructing an officer, possession of cocaine and operating a vehicle without the owner's consent. According to a release from Sheriff's Lieutenant Matthew Spence, the subjects were identified by investigators who use popular publicity available online websites that were specifically generated in order to connect the individuals for the purpose of arranging sexual encounters in exchange for money. Besides conducting such operations to combat human sex trafficking, the release says that officials also can connect community resources to the prostitutes who are at higher risk of human trafficking, domestic violence, physical assaults and other life-changing and degrading outcomes. And finally, motorists are being asked by the Department of Transportation to slow down and be mindful of the workers. As repair operations are done to this and several areas, roadways this week, Maintenance Crews will be working to repair pavement on Eastbound Highway 23 between Pioneer Road and County through Friday between 6 a.m. and 4 p.m. Between 6 a.m. and 4 p.m. closing the right lane each day during repairs and crews will also be repairing the road surface on Highway 32 between Howard's Grove and Manitowoc County line today through Friday. Expect to encounter flagging crews at work and it is done on both lanes between 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. daily. And that is all for today. Join me again next week for another recap of our local news stories on Community News Review. News content for this program is provided by WHBL in cooperation with WSCSTV.


We just conducted a live-fire attack against a company fortified position. We call it range 400. So ideally what happens on machine gun hill is they have some sort of indirect fires covering the objective and then they tie their direct fires into that. Once machine guns occupy they tie direct fires to their indirect fires and then they were able to move dreams down into the open ground into the main walk. They basically close with the enemy over a critical exposure point making good assessment prior to making that leap into the main gunfire. For our platoon in the deep wash we committed a squad once we had an increase in rate for guns in IDF, supporting them in adjacent platoon suppressing right. So they're creating essentially like a tunnel for a maneuver corridor. How that works is a squad which is normally 13 people, they'll get online, they'll start buddy rushing, they start to move forward, they get down and then the next two continue to move. And they continue that until basically the unit leader in that case maybe tell them to stop. So friction is real and it affects everybody differently. People are like oranges right so when you squeeze an orange you get orange juice. When you put pressure and friction and adversity on a person much like squeezing an orange you get what's on the inside. But recognizing those points of friction and adversity and overcoming them is what they did well today.


Hello children, it's story time again. I know you're getting bored sitting at home, so I thought I'll take all of you to a beach. Isn't it beautiful? And today we will read a story about someone that lives in water. Yes, this book is about a fish. The title of the book is The Rainbow Fish, and the author is Marcus Fister. Let's start reading. A long way out in the deep blue sea, there lived a fish. Not just an ordinary fish, but the most beautiful fish in the entire ocean. His scales were every shade of blue and green and purple, with sparkling silver scales among them. Children, the word sparkling means shining bright with flashes of light. It means shining bright with flashes of light. The other fish were amazed at his beauty. They called him Rainbow Fish. Come on Rainbow Fish, they would call. Come and play with us. But the Rainbow Fish would just glide past, proud and silent, letting his scales shimmer. The word amazed means surprised. The word amazed means surprised. One day, a little blue fish followed after him. Rainbow Fish, he called. Wait for me. Please give me one of your shiny scales. They are so wonderful, and you have so many. You want me to give you one of my special scales? Who do you think you are? Cried the Rainbow Fish. Get away from me. Shocked, the little blue fish swam away. He was so upset. He told all his friend what had happened. From then on, no one would have anything to do with the Rainbow Fish. They turned away when he swam by. What good were the dazzling, shimmering scales with no one to admire them? Now, he was the loneliest fish in the entire ocean. One day, he poured out his trouble to the starfish. I really am beautiful. Why doesn't anybody like me? I can't answer that for you, said the starfish. But if you go beyond the coral reef to a deep cave, you will find the wise octopus. Maybe she can help you. The Rainbow Fish found the cave. It was very dark inside and he couldn't see anything. Then, suddenly two eyes caught him in their glare and the octopus emerged from the darkness. Children, the word emerged means appear. The word emerged means appear. I have been waiting for you. Set the octopus with a deep voice. The waves have told me your story. This is my advice. Give a glittering scale to each of the other fish. You will no longer be the most beautiful fish in the sea. But you will discover how to be happy. I can't. The Rainbow Fish started to say but the octopus has already disappeared into a dark cloud of ink. Give away my scales, my beautiful shining scales. Never. How could I ever be happy without them? Suddenly, he fell the light touch of a fin. The little bluefish was back. Rainbow Fish, please don't be angry. I just want one little scale. The Rainbow Fish wayward. Only one very, very small shimmery scale he popped. Well, maybe I wouldn't miss just one. The word wayward means swayed. The word wayward means swayed. Carefully, the Rainbow Fish pulled out the smallest scale and gave it to the little fish. Thank you, thank you very much. The little bluefish bubbled playfully as he ducked the shiny scale in among his blue ones. A rather peculiar feeling came over the Rainbow Fish. For a long time, he watched the little bluefish swim back and forth with his new scale glittering in the water. The word peculiar means particular, or special. The word peculiar means particular, or special. The little bluefish whisked through the ocean with a scale flashing. So it didn't take long before the Rainbow Fish was surrounded by the other fish. Everyone wanted a glittering scale. The Rainbow Fish shared his scales left and right, and the more he gave away, the more delighted he became. When the water around him filled with glimmering scales, he at last felt at home among the other fish. The word delighted means to be happy. The word delighted means to be happy. Finally, the Rainbow Fish had only one shining scale left. His most prized positions had been given away, yet he was very happy. The word's prized position means something that is dear to you. Come on, Rainbow Fish, they called. Come and play with us. Here I come, said the Rainbow Fish, and happy as a splash, he swam off to join his friends. So the moral of the story is sharing friends' happiness and makes you happy as well. The Rainbow Fish and the Rainbow Fish share friends' happiness and makes you happy as well. So children, that's why we always say, sharing is caring. The more you share, the more happy you are. We also learned some new words today, and the new words that we learned today are, sparkling. The word sparkling means shining brightly with flashes of light. The word amazed means surprised. The word emerged means appear. Wayward means swayed. Peculiar means special, particular. Delighted means happy. Priced position means something that is very dear to you. Well, I hope you all enjoyed the story about the Rainbow Fish. Keep reading, happy reading, happy learning, and I will see you next time. Keep sharing and be happy. Bye-bye.


Hi, welcome to the State of Working America podcast where we seek to elevate workers' voices to make sure they're heard in the economic policy debate in Washington and beyond. I'm Pedro Dacosta, your host today, and I'm here with my colleague, Rami Jackson, and I can't think of a more appropriate guest for a podcast such as this, than Stephen Greenhouse, who's the former labor reporter at the New York Times for a long time and is now an author. And most recently, he's written a book called Beaten Down Worked Up, The Past, Present, and Future of American Labor. And given that this podcast is sponsored by the Economic Policy Institute, as I was reading it, I picked up a lot of the, it was kind of a humanization of a lot of the research teams that EPI has been working on since its inception in the 1980s. So thank you so much for joining us, Steve. Great to be here, Pedro and Rami. So I wanted to start really by just jumping into the book, which you, you know, we held an event at EPI. It was a really nice chat. We had a nice discussion about it. And you really tried to give a sense of the arch of labor activism history in the United States. And I think to tell some of the underappreciated stories of just how significant the gains were for workers in the past century or so. So one of the main reasons I wrote the book is that I think far too many Americans know far too little about labor unions and what they've accomplished over the decades.  No, it was decades of struggle by workers in the unions that brought us the 40-hour work week. I have a chapter about, you know, an amazing strike by 20,000 female garment workers in New York in 1909 and how they were out for two months in the dead of winter. And they were fighting, not for a 40-hour work week, they were fighting for a 52-hour work week down from 56 hours. And people also often forget that, you know, thanks to unions, we have employer-sponsored health coverage, we have paid vacations, we have paid retirement plans. And there's a lot of truth to the bumper sticker unions, the folks who brought you the weekend. I remember that bumper sticker in my old newsroom at Reuters. One of our union activists had it prominently on his desk. Can you tell us some of the more fascinating historical, you know, incidents that you came across in your research? So as I said, I feel Americans know far too little about unions and what they've accomplished. And I feel it's especially true about young Americans. So I really tried to write an accessible book with some of the highlights of, and most compelling, most arresting highlights of labor history. So I wrote about this famous 1909 strike of female garment workers. And I wrote about the horrendous triangle fire, which really helped spur unions to, you know, fight for better safety conditions. In that huge tragedy, 146 workers, most of them women, most of them immigrants, died in 1911. So one surprise I encountered in researching the book is that the great Frances Perkins, who is FDR's labor secretary and the first woman ever to serve in the American Cabinet. She was having tea with friends on Washington Square on a Saturday afternoon in 1911. And they hear fire whistles and screams, and Frances Perkins runs over and sees women and men jumping from the windows of the triangle fire to their deaths. And she said, that was the day the new deal was created. And she became head of these commissions to study ways on how to improve safety for workers. She became Governor Al Smith's industrial commissioner, then the industrial commissioner for someone named Governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and that catapulted her to become labor secretary. And she was an amazing, amazing woman. You know, it was really, she was in ways, the mother of Social Security and the 40-hour week and the minimum wage and child labor laws. So that's one amazing story. Another amazing story is about the great Walter Ruther, who to my mind is one of the very best labor leaders of the 20th century. And he grew up in West Virginia. His father was a socialist leader of the Brewery Union. And Ruther moved to Detroit and got a job at a horrible automobile factory where people getting injured all the time. And Ruther, having imbibed his father's militancy and activism, became a union leader. He's a phenomenally bright, charismatic union leader. And by the, you know, in his 30s, he became head of the National United Auto Workers. And he and his two brothers were involved in the Flint sit-down strike in 1936-37 that really led finally to the unionization of what was then the nation's largest company, General Motors. That created a huge wave of unionization. And again, it showed that, you know, people going on strike and sacrificing. And again, that was a two-month strike and a dead of winter in Flint, Michigan, which is much colder than Manhattan. And so that led to, you know, 400,000, 500,000 people being unionized in the auto industry. And then after Ruther became president of the UAW, he really clinched these amazing contracts with General Motors. A five-year contract that greatly raised wages and provided the best health coverage and pensions for any unionized workers in America. And that became a humongous model that hundreds of other companies copied. And that union contract really became a key element in building America's middle class. So when people say who built the middle class, it was in many ways America's labor unions that built the middle class. Could you talk about the convergence of the, another historical detail a lot of people don't know. And I actually came across fairly too later in my life than I would have rather come across the fact is how much the civil rights movement, despite some early racism in union activism, how much did labor movement intersected with civil rights activism, and how at the front lines of labor activism people like Martin Luther King were. In fact, his death was actually related to a strike. Can you talk a little bit about that? Thanks for asking a great question. So the labor movement unfortunately has a very mixed record on race. And in the early, in the first half of the 20th century, there was huge racism against Asian American workers, huge racism against many African American workers. At the same time some unions were enlightened, the CIO unions were all for allowing in people no matter what the race. And A. Philip Randolph, again, one of the labor greats and someone who doesn't get far too little attention in American history, he was the head of the sleeping car, the brotherhood of sleeping car porters union. And that was a union largely of African Americans and they became like a big part of the African American middle class. They played a huge role in the civil rights struggles of the South. The head of the sleeping car porters in Alabama was the person who kind of chose Rosa Parks to, he kind of mentored her about how to commit civil disobedience. They were the ones who bailed her out after she was arrested. And A. Philip Randolph, people think that Martin Luther King Jr. was the person who organized the famous March on Washington 1963. It was really A. Philip Randolph. So the unions, some unions were really ambivalent about... And it was a march for jobs and justice. March for jobs and justice. And some unions, unfortunately, were very ambivalent about Dr. King and thought he was pushing too hard. But on the other hand, there are some courageous union leaders, Randolph and Ruther, who really led the way in supporting the civil rights movement. And when the rubber hit the road and LBJ was pushing to, Linda Bains Johnson was pushing to enact civil rights laws, the unions played a very big role in helping that overcome opposition from southern senators and get that enacted. So I have a chapter about the Memphis Sanitation Worker Strike, which was a great victory for labor and civil rights, but at a tremendous cost, the death of Dr. King. And it started with the death of two workers, right? Yeah. So I profile a sanitation worker in Memphis, Elmer Nicolbury, who came back from serving in the Korean War and couldn't find a job in Memphis. And he was tired of everyone calling him boy. And I write that I quote him saying, I was treated better. I was treated with more respect in Korea than I was back home in Tennessee. And he gets a job as a sanitation worker and they're treated like dirt.   They come back all sweaty with maggots all over them from carrying garbage. And there aren't even showers in the garages. And the workers have paid terribly. Elmer Nicolbury told me he had worked there 14 years and he was making only a nickel more than the federal minimum wage. Which would translate to only like $12 an hour after working 14 years lugging garbage. So one day in the afternoon, very rainy day, two workers get, you know, to escape the rain, crawl into the back of their garbage truck, you know, where there's, where there's the compactor to escape the rain. And suddenly the compactor starts up and crushes them to death. And the workers were outraged and they had told the city for, for years, you know, the trucks are obsolete, they're dangerous, they malfunction and the city had ignored their pleas. So finally, finally, finally the workers, you know, got, you know, we're feeling really beaten down, got very worked up and they went on strike the 1,300 workers. And day after day after day they walked through the streets of Memphis carrying these iconic signs, I am a man. And sadly the mayor of Memphis was like a trillion percent ever against ever recognizing a union or bargaining with a union. So the strike was dragging on. Some great African-American ministers got very involved. They said we need to escalate this and we need to turn this international fight. We need to invite the great Martin Luther King Jr. to help raise its profile. And Dr. King came in, gave some astoundingly moving speeches. You know, he talked about how it's great that we have won the right to sit at a lunch counter. But if you can't afford to pay for the lunch, you know, what good are those civil rights we've won? And Dr. King was amazing. And he was in Memphis to help organize a huge march. And a few days before the march he was killed. And finally, finally, finally the city council realized we have to settle this thing. The mayor still refused to deal with the union. But the city council pushed by Lyndon Johnson said we have to get this damn thing settled. It's a disgrace to the nation. So finally, finally, the strike was settled. And I quote Elmer Nicolberry saying it was terrible when Dr. King died. I cried terribly. He even hit under his bed. He was just so overwhelmed by it.   We finally got health coverage. And finally they started calling us a man, a sanitation man. That's incredible. I mean, it's just a truly powerful story. I don't even know where to go from there. But where I do want to go from there is to the current state of the labor movement and where we are today. And I'm just wondering there does seem to be a revival in labor activity and organization and enthusiasm. And I'm wondering what pockets of activism excite you the most or, you know, make you hopeful about the future, whether it's teachers, the fight for 15 or what? So let me answer with a funny or not so funny story. So I turned in the manuscript of this book, February 19, the Monday morning February 19, 2018. And I was feeling pretty down about labor. There wasn't that much organizing going on. The only thing exciting was the fight for 15, which had gotten, you know, six, seven states to enact laws for, you know, $15 minimum wage, which is very exciting, but there wasn't that much else going on. So it's kind of a quiet, creosate period for labor. Three days later, February 22, 2018, there's this humongous explosion in West Virginia where tens of thousands of teachers walk out and I say, holy cow.  Did you really say cow? Yes. Like labor was in ways reborn, you know, Phoenix-like, that all of a sudden, you know, labor seemed seriously quiet and the teachers in West Virginia were just tired of being stepped on year after year. They saw, you know, West Virginia is very much a red state and it was, pay for teachers was 48th in the nation. And the governor, the richest man in West Virginia, Jim Justice, a billionaire had just announced, hey, I'm going to be really generous to you. I'm going to give you a 1% raise a year for the next five years. And meanwhile, the Republican legislature kept giving tax breaks to the rich and tax breaks to the corporation and basically froze the rest of the budget, froze the education budget. And as a result, the state health care agency was not, was forcing the teachers to pay more and more and more and more each year towards their premiums. So whatever minuscule raises they got were eaten up by increased health care premiums and the teachers basically said, enough of that. And, you know, through this, you know, through Facebook, this Facebook page went from like 10 workers to 100 workers to like 20,000, 30,000 workers very quickly. And this mass movement formed and one of the most interesting things about the West Virginia strike and why it happened there is they said, we have this legacy of militancy, of mind strikes, of the battle of Blair Mountain and that we're not going to, you know, we don't let people step on us.  And so there was this amazing strike and soon the baton was passed to Oklahoma and was passed to Arizona and then there's the teacher strike and most recently the Chicago teacher strike. So, you know, there's a big difference from, for every 2018 when I originally turned to my book when it seemed fairly quiet for labor, there's been a real resurgence of strikes and activism. And we've seen, you know, the General Motor Strike just ended a few days ago there's the big stop and shop strike, a success in New England in April. There was a very successful Marriott strike by the United here in eight cities. So like labor is percolating again in ways it has in the years. I mean, in 2018 was the biggest year of strikes in 32 years since 1986. And I think what's happening is workers, you know, have seen, you know, the stock market doing well, corporations doing well, the 1% doing well and they feel they're only getting a little bitty bit of wage increases and they say this isn't fair, this is not how the system is supposed to work. I think they've grown increasingly frustrated and fed up and emboldened and you know, when the unemployment rate is so low, I think people are more willing to take a risk. And I think also there's a Trump effect that people are just pissed off, you know, they see the Black Lives Matter movement, they see the fight for our lives movement, they see the climate justice movement, they see the Me Too women's movement and people are just taking it to the streets like never before and I think that has also encouraged unions and people ask me what I think about the future of unions and I say I just saw this statistic saying that one in five high school students has marched in the streets over the past year in either a climate justice strike or movement against, you know, for gun control against guns. And so like there's more activism now in labor and other ways than there has been in years and partly and perversely that's been fueled by Donald Trump. Excellent, excellent. Thank you for sharing that with us because seriously like I love seeing this like resurgence of labor but I have to ask you Steve, what do you think has been holding back unions? Has it been anti-union policy or have unions just been ineffective like advocates? So in my book I explained the rise of unions and what enabled them to rise and workers' courage, workers willing to sacrifice to engage in strikes, unions' ability to rally many types of people. Then I described the downward arc of unions and why they declined and part of it is globalization which has wiped out basically 40% or helped wipe out 40% of our factory jobs. We've gone from 19.5 million factory jobs in 1979 to just around 12.5 million now and that's partly globalization, it's partly technologically. I think that's a big thing. I think the Republican Party and business have gotten much, much tougher towards unions. I have this line in the book that many people have picked up which says that in no other industrial nation do corporations fight so hard to beat back indeed quash labor unions. I had been the economics correspondent for the New York Times in Europe for five years based in Paris and I wrote stories in Germany and Austria and Italy and Spain and France and Sweden and the UK and corporations there maybe they don't love unions but they see unions as legitimate institutions that represent the interest of workers and that we the corporations have to deal with unions to help build more productive, more profitable corporations. Here in my sense as many, perhaps most corporations see unions as the enemy and they want to annihilate them, they want to gut them, wipe them out and I think that's by far the main reason that unions have grown weaker in the United States but as you say, part of it is that some unions haven't done nearly enough to organize workers, some haven't done nearly enough to inspire workers but I imagine some union leaders can say I could spend $300,000 of my union local's money trying to organize these 500 workers. We could get higher three organizers to have them work for six months and it's going to cost us a lot of money but because of the massive corporate anti-union assistance our chances of winning might only be 48%. So union leaders can make a rational decision that as much as we'd like to try to unionize people it might not be a wise use of our resources, it's complicated and I think that's a big reason that if we have laws that make it easier to unionize that would change the equation that would help encourage more unions to unionize. The problem is in the private sector now only 6.4% of workers are in unions that's down from 35% at its peak in the 1950s. So unions are so weakened, their treasures are so attenuated that even if they want to do a huge amount of unionizing they don't have the resources needed to organize the millions and millions of workers who might want to unionize. So in very encouraging note for unions right now, two encouraging notes for unions. So the latest Gallup poll finds that 64% of Americans say they approve of unions that the highest approval rating among people in your age group 18 to 34 with a 67% approval rating. And second is a recent study by folks at MIT finding that 50% of non-union workers say they would vote to join a union today if they could. Fascinating. So you have 50% saying why don't you say they want to join a union but in the private sector only one is 16 in a union. And what's getting in the way overwhelmingly corporate opposition? That stat is really important I think and it's really opened my eyes. As a young union activist journalist I was kind of frustrated with the older leadership of the guild because you've thought oh you know you're really operating in a different environment. We need to be more creative and kind of more youthful about our strategies and I think there's something to that about our messaging. You know there was a lot of weird messaging for instance like we had, we walked outside and said keep our jobs in the USA and like half of the workers were like not actually American. It was kind of very strange union stuff. But at the same time not working at EPI I've kind of appreciate just how deep the attacks are just as you mentioned just the level of beat back that exists. There's a study done for EPI by Kate Brantner-Cornel. She's in a series of studies saying that like 60% of employers threaten workers that they'll close operations if they unionize. Like something like 40% of the things that the numbers say. We're going to cut wages and benefits if you unionize. 34% fire pro-union workers during unionization drives. I mean it's really- And those workers have no recourse. When I was writing for The New York Times I tell my editors you know the playing field is really stacked against, tilted against workers in unionization. They say that's not true. American law is so fair. No, it's really usually stacked in favor of corporations making very hard to unionize. You asked me before Pedro, you know where do I see bright spots now for labor? Certainly with the teachers. The teachers are waking up. They're not really taking gunk anymore from anybody. And they're tired of the years of austerity with tax cuts for the rich and corporations while schools are starved and class sizes increase and kids have to deal with obsolete books and not enough librarians and nurses and we've seen big fights about that in Chicago and LA and St. Paul and other places. So the teachers are kind of a bright spot. The fight for 15 I think when it began almost exactly seven years ago, November 2012, it was 200 workers going on strike in New York City, maybe 20 restaurants. I was the first journalist to write about it and I thought this is quaint. This isn't going to go very far. And I'm glad to say I was wrong. Seven states have enacted $15 in a wage and by some estimates, thanks to the fight for 15, 24 million workers have had their pay increased and that's a huge deal. Other bright spots are in my field, in fields involving many educated workers. Adjunct professors, they're unionizing probably faster than any other group in society right now because you have all these people with PhDs, they're teaching courses for like $2,000, $2,000 each. Maybe they get, that translates to $15 or $20 a course. It's crazy. Graduate students are rapidly unionizing. I think I just saw a news release saying that the graduate students at Harvard are threatening to go on strike in early December because Harvard refuses to reach a contract with them. And my field, journalism, there's been a huge wave of unionization in journalism, both in legacy media like the Chicago Tribune and the LA Times. The New York Times, the Washington Post, the Washington Journal have long been unionized, but not the LA Times and Chicago Tribune which generally were by far the nation's two most prominently anti-union newspapers. And then in digital media, there's been an amazing amount of unionization in Vox and Vice and Salon and Slate and Huffington Post and you name it. And I think what happened is you get these smart educated people and they expect to make a decent living in journalism. They're working in Manhattan or Washington where rents are pretty high and they're getting paid $34,000, $35,000 a year and your rent might be $1,500, $2,000 a month. They try to live on that, so they said we're well educated, we do important work, we're working 50, 60 hours a week and we should be paid more than $35,000. The Occupy generation. The Occupy generation. And the rapidity with which we've seen unionization across digital media is just astonishing. So Steve, with these elections coming up with the presidency, how do you feel, I'm sorry, not these elections, the election for the presidency, how do you feel with these various labor agendas that you're seeing amongst these Democratic candidates? I read an article that said that this is the first time in a while that Democrats are really taking labor seriously and just using workers as props and showing up to strikes and just snapping a nice photo. This is where people are actually getting down and actually writing some real policies. So what's really exciting to you? Great question. Let me put things in context. I was covered labor for the New York Times for 19 years and every even number of years, the Times had sent me to Ohio, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Michigan to write about what labor was doing in the campaign to attract unionized gun owners and other things that it's doing to attract labor. And I'm sorry to say Hillary Clinton did not do nearly enough. You mean the New York Times was in search of the elusive Trump voter before Trump existed? I wrote a ton about that for the New York Times. It pisses me off to no end when people say journalists didn't write about that. I wrote about it. Maybe other folks did not write enough about that. But Hillary Clinton did not campaign, did not work hard enough to attract union voters and blue collar voters. I'd say the same about John Kerry. I'd say the same about Al Gore. Obama knew it was important to go after that constituency and he did. And so I think the candidates realize that Hillary made a bad mistake by overlooking blue collar America, not focusing enough on blue collar Americans. And so with a dozen or two dozen candidates running, I think there's several reasons why they focus so much on labor. And yes, they focus far more on labor than any time in my memory. And they've put out some very smart platforms. And I believe they've done that first because they see the system is really rigged against workers.   We're the only industrialized nation that doesn't guarantee paid vacation to every worker.  We are the only industrialized nation that doesn't guarantee health coverage to every worker. So I think the candidates see the things that broken for workers. So they want to do something about that and seriously in their hearts. And they also want to woo workers. And I think they also see that, hey, why did we lose in 2016? Because we lost these former union strongholds, Michigan, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania. And they realized that the most surefire way to win in 2020, 2024, 2028 is win back those three states and strengthen unions in those states. And in my book I have a whole political discussion saying, yes, we know about Scott Walker seeking to gut unions in Wisconsin. And that really hurt unions. But people don't realize that as a result of what Walker did, unions in Wisconsin lost 44% of their members. They've lost 177,000 members in the past decade. And Donald Trump won Wisconsin by 22,700. Michigan, the Republicans there passed a right to work law. They passed several other anti-union laws. Union membership in Wisconsin has fallen by like 120,000. Sorry, Michigan has fallen by 120,000 in the past decade. Donald Trump won Michigan by 10,700 votes. There's a study by some professors at Boston University in Columbia that found that when a state enacts an anti-union fee right to work law, the percentage of Democratic voters, the Democratic base turnout falls by 3.5%. Really? Trump won Michigan by 0.2%. Trump won Wisconsin by 0.8%. Both of them recently enacted right to work law. So it's the ultimate GOP twofer. You get to be pro-corporate and pro-voter suppression. Yes, yes, yes. And you help hold down. You help fight big government. You help hold down taxes and you help make Medicaid worse and food stamps worse. It's like everything that they dream of. That's about as elegant as a macro model. So Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, Beto before he dropped out, Cory Booker, Biden. And people just have very good labor platforms. They're very elaborate and they put real thought in. Now some people are saying, oh, maybe this is just window dressing. But it's important that they've sat down and they've had really smart people sit down and formulate these labor platforms. And I recommend that people read them. The one that Pete Buttigieg did is just a terrific read. Whoever had to do this, it's a great read. It's a great way to understand what's wrong with what's wrong with the economy for American workers. So I want to ask you lastly about one issue that's election related, but also labor related, which is healthcare. We were talking a little bit about it before we went on the air. And as you know, progressive Democrats like Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren are campaigning on Medicare for All. There's some union resistance to Medicare for All because after all, many unions have negotiated sort of platinum plated plans. As they call them, that they don't want to give up. That's even better than the Cadillac plans they have. And so I'm just wondering, how do you see the healthcare? Because it's such a unique, another unique thing about the US versus other industrialized countries where the only place where employment is the healthcare is tied to employment. So how do you see the labor issue connecting to healthcare in the electoral cycle and in the context of the Medicare for All debate? So you're right, Pedro. There is a split within labor. Some progressive unions really support the idea of Medicare for All. They think it's a tragedy that we're the only industrialized nation where every citizen is not guaranteed health coverage.  Many people go bankrupt for not being able to afford health coverage. So some of them support Medicare for All. Others worry, hey, if we adopt Medicare for All as a nation, whatever the general plan that's developed is not going to be nearly as good as the Cadillac plans that many unions have. And they worry that this will hurt their members. And I think some union leaders also think that a big incentive for people to join unions is to get good union health plans. And if you provide everyone with health coverage, as a matter of right, it might take away one incentive for people to unionize. So this is being fought out. And I think that Medicare for All is an important issue, but I worry that it's dominating too much of the discussion and is turning off a lot of people. And I think the Democrats have other issues that are far more winning issues like a fair attack system, like doing something serious about global warming when the Republicans are doing nothing about global warming. I say even something like passing laws to guarantee paid sick days, paid vacation, paid parental leave, the Democrats should really trump at that. I argue and the Republicans will run to the corner and do businesses bidding and say, we can't do that.  We can't have paid parental leave like every other country because business doesn't want it. I think there are other issues that will appeal to Americans even more than Medicare for All. And Medicare for All is unfortunately, you know, if we had to start from scratch, of course, we'd want universal health coverage without, you know, a Medicare for All system, I think. But it's very hard to go from where we are now to there. And I think a lot of unions, you know, realize that. So some unions say, yes, let's try to make this huge leap to Medicare for All. Others say it's going to be too difficult. It's going to turn off too many voters and it's going to hurt some of our members. So maybe that's not the best issue for the Democrats to focus on. Thank you so much. The book is beaten down, worked up the past, present, and future of American labor. The author is Stephen Greenhouse. He was our guest today on the State of Working America podcast. Thank you so much, Steve, for joining us. Great to be here. Thank you, Steve. And thank you, Rami, for helping me hold down the floor. I appreciate it. Thank you. Let me come on in, Pedro. Of course, my pleasure. You've been listening to the State of Working America podcast. You can download this on iTunes, Stitcher, wherever you get your podcast, or you can go to epi.org slash podcast. Thank you so much for listening.


Anna Manjuria's vice president, Senator Kashim Shatima, has emphasised the importance of cooperation in addressing global challenges. Speaking at the G77 plus China Leaders Summit in Havana, Shatima emphasised the need for leveraging cooperation to find realistic solutions. He expressed Manjuria's commitment to partner with G77 plus China member states and praised the youth's contributions to science, technology and innovation. Shatima also highlighted that Manjuria's demographic advantage extends beyond its ageing population. We are here to contextualise solutions and prospects in various sectors ranging from biodiversity to space technology through innovation and aligned them with our aspirations. The stakes are high. If we appear to act now, the prevailing trend could impair our attainment of the sustainable development goals. We must always remember that cooperation is our compass and the most realistic path was undermining the opportunities before us. In collaboration, to handle the synergy of this collective knowledge, enabling our support ahead in the creation of cutting-edge technologies and primary scientific breakthroughs. We recognise our place as a part of the global community and believe that our progress is intertwined with the progress of others. So we must work together to create a worldwide world nations, regardless of their past disadvantages, can compete on a level playing and even be a source of noble ideas and innovative technology. This point we are pursuing be just a moment in time. It is rather a down of something new. Allow me to effray Nigeria's commitment to partner with our primary nations of the G77 and China. We shall champion initiatives that have made the potential of science, technology and innovation to compound economic challenges, particularly within the global south. Nigeria also looks forward to the adoption of the Havana Declaration and its complete implementation for the betterment of our people and our regions. Earlier in his welcome speech at the opening ceremony, the president of Cuba and chair of G77 China, Miguel Diaz-Canel, lamented the precarious situations faced by developing countries who are member states.


So how can we find the coefficients of a Fourier series? So remember our starting point. Suppose f is a function with fundamental period l, it's conceivable that f can be expressed as a Fourier series. How can we find the coefficients? While we could work with any period, let's assume f has period 2π. This allows us to write a series this way, which will simplify our computations. If f has a different period, we can then use a change of variables on x to scale to the desired period. So how can we find the coefficients? To begin with, here's a useful result. For any integer n, the integral from 0 to 2π of cosine nx dx is 0, and likewise the integral from 0 to 2π of sine nx dx is equal to 0. And what this suggests is that if I integrate from 0 to 2π, that we'll get rid of most of the sine and cosine terms over on the right-hand side. Now provided we have convergence, we can switch the integral and the summation. Now since n goes from 0 to infinity, most of these terms will, when we do the integral, give us 0, and the only one that won't is when n is equal to 0. And so the only portion of this integrand that matters is the a0 cosine 0x term. But since cosine of 0 is equal to 1, that's just a0, and when I integrate, I get 2π a0. And so that means I can solve for a0. And so a0 is 1 over 2π times the integral between 0 and 2π of f of x dx. We could extend this if we use a couple more results from the integration of trigonometric functions. For n not equal to m, the integral from 0 to 2π sine nx cosine mx will be 0. And the integral from 0 to 2π of sine of nx sine of mx is equal to 0. And the integral from 0 to 2π of cosine nx cosine mx is equal to 0. Now those results held when our arguments for sine and cosine were different. What if they're the same? So let's consider the integral from 0 to 2π of sine of nx cosine of nx, and that's equal to 0. Maybe things aren't as interesting as we thought they might be. But the integral from 0 to 2π of sine of nx sine of nx is equal to π, as is the integral from 0 to 2π of cosine nx times cosine nx. The useful thing to remember here is this. The only time the integral of a product of sines and cosines over the interval 0 to 2π isn't 0. 0 is when the trigonometric functions and the arguments are the same. Either sine of nx times sine of nx, or cosine of nx times cosine of nx. And in these cases the integral is equal to π. Suppose f of x has period 2π, and so it has the form of a trigonometric series. If we multiply by sine of kx and integrate over the interval between 0 and 2π, a lot of really useful things happen. Provided we have convergence, we can switch the order of the integration and the summation. And again, provided we have convergence, we can distribute the sine of kx among the individual terms. So remember, the only time the integral of a product of sines and cosines over the interval 0 to 2π isn't 0, is when the trigonometric functions are the same. So that means all of our cosine nx sine kx terms will vanish, and most of our sine nx sine kx terms will vanish. The only one that will be left is sine kx sine kx. And we can evaluate this integral. And consequently, bk is 1 over π the integral from 0 to 2π f of x sine kx. We can find the ak's in the same way, so ak is 1 over π integral from 0 to 2π f of x cosine kx dx. And these give us the coefficients of the Fourier series. So if we put all of these results together, we have the following theorem. Let f of x be a function with period 2π, then f of x can be expressed as the Fourier series, where our coefficients a0, the odd one, is going to be 1 over 2π times the integral from 0 to 2π f of x. And the others will be 1 over π times the integral from 0 to 2π of f of x times either the cosine of nx or the sine of nx. So again, an important idea is that as with all formulas, don't memorize formulas, understand concepts. And with the Fourier series, the basic concept is the following. If f is periodic with period 2π, we assume that f of x could be written as a trigonometric series. Then, assuming convergence, we found the coefficients ak and bk by integrating the function times cosine kx or the function times sine of kx, where most of the terms of the right-hand side will vanish. Let's take a look at how that works next.