The Black Viking is back and ready to react. Arkham Asylum, honest trailer.  I notice when they do honest trailers for things that are really good, they kinda have a harder time making fun of it. So let's see what they got to say about Arkham Asylum.  The following trailer is rated H for honest. You thought it would be easy to turn Batman into a cool video game. For 20 years, you were wrong. I know right?  Exactly.  What are you doing to me?   Dive straight into doing all your favorite bat stuff like bat face kicking, bat thug bowling, and fun-filled piggy-bat rides. Wee! I am the knight! Enjoy the addictive free-flowing combat inspired by the taking school of beating up goons. That kind of feels like you're breaking Batman's no-killing rule. That's gonna leave a mark. It's you against the world as Batman is trapped on the island with nothing to help him, except a million different gadgets. A network of Batman-sized ventilation shafts. Conveniently placed interior gargoyles. A direct line to his sidekick oracle with a vast array of computer hacking skills. And a second bat cave? Come on! Yeah. Oh my god. The robotics that make Batman's world come to life in rich detail. Then ignore the mischief spent half the game in detective mode. A spooky skeleton Instagram filter that's more overpowered than Sherlock. But still more realistic than Assassin's Creed. You don't mind me talking along there? No. Exactly. He is Arkham Asylum. Where kind with logic demands every villain be held in the same convenient location. And in the least shocking turn of events, watch as the Joker handing himself over to police turns out to be a trick. Trapping Batman inside the prison for a series of epic boss battles like Killer Croc's high stakes game of Marco Polo. Scarecrow's really bad Salvia trip.  How about that? Then makes you fight Benjamin. Oh yeah.  Play through a game that's still super fun to play, inspiring great prequels like Arkham Origins and Shadow of Mordor. In the first game to truly do the awesomeness of Batman justice, except for collecting all the Riddler trophies. Exactly. Goof Skywalker.  Bang train. Woo-hoo! Twiggy Azalea. Insane clown poopy. Edward Spooky hands. And the best Batman voice ever. You need to stop this now. Sorry Christian Bale.            All that in this game at least. Be sure to subscribe for more honest game trailers And tell me what you'd like to hear me say in my awesome voice. Ooh baby a triple low tar hogar.    Oh, this is good.  Definitely the best Batman game series ever.  It's about time. So anyway, it was good.  And as always, I do it with every single Batman related video that I do. Hope the world hockey pads.


Hello in this lecture, we will define general partner according to fundamental accounting principles while the 22nd edition the definition of general partner is Partner who assumes unlimited liability for the debts of the partnership Responsible for partnership management when we're thinking about a general partner We're typically thinking about a general partnership If we have two or more individuals that enter into a partnership start doing business together We generally have a general partnership and the partners within that partnership would then be general partners as opposed to something like a limited partner a partner who it's typically more of an investor and The limited partner the benefit to the limited partner is that they're able to invest and because they're not actively involved in participation in the day-to-day activity and decision making they do not have the same type of liability Responsibility as the general partner general partners as sole proprietors similar to sole proprietors Have a liability of what they enter into the business and they also have liability exposure to their personal assets As opposed to a limited partner who does not have the exposure to the personal assets However, does has exposure to what is invested into the partnership


Hello, this is David Diger Hernandez and you are watching Spirit Church here on the Encounter TV Network. I want to talk to you about something today that is rarely talked about anymore. Even in the church, this subject is all too often ignored. But I want to tell you the truth. Demons are real. Demons still exist. They are not analogies for evil. They are not figments of superstition. Demonic beings actually exist and they are filled with hate. Hate that is aimed at God's beloved creation and demonic beings still to this day possess people. So I want to show you from the scripture how to identify the demon possessed that you might minister freedom and deliverance to them. But first, Stephen Mock the Zuma is here with me. He's going to lead you in some worship. Prepare your heart and then we're getting right into this message here. It's Stephen Mock the Zuma. Hope of a life spent with you. Step down into darkness. Oh, let me see that me. This heart spent with you. Here I am to say that you're my fault too. You're all together and I'm there to see my sin. How much to see my sin. So I want to begin this message by first saying that when we talk about the demonic, we must avoid superstition. What I call charismatic superstition, especially surrounding this subject, there is a lot of misinformation that goes around all over the internet. We live in an age where conspiracy theories rise to the top simply because they're sensational. But we cannot become superstitious. We must become spirit led. We cannot rely on hearsay and old wives tales and man's observation and man's experience. We must rely on what the scripture tells us concerning these subjects. When I talk about demon possession, it's important that we, A, put aside superstition. No, you're not going to become demon possessed if you click on the wrong website on accident. No, you're not going to pick up a demon if you accidentally rub shoulders against someone who's demon possessed and for some reason maybe you didn't pray that day. We must avoid that sort of nonsense that breeds paranoia. If you live in fear, if you live in paranoia, you are not living in truth. You are living in superstition and we must, again, as I said, come back to biblical truths so that we may be grounded as we approach these subjects. We must not venture into the weird and the bizarre world of paranoia and superstition. Now, having said that, we also must not, how do I word this, obsess over specifics. Whenever I talk about the demonic people will interject, oh, you forgot to talk about this or you forgot to talk about that. Don't forget, brother David, demons can enter through video games. Don't forget, brother David, demons can enter through certain types of relationships or these certain types of sounds or these certain types of songs or these certain types of cultural acts. Whatever you may have been taught on the subject, I can assure you of this. The only truth that can be relied upon is the word. The reason I'm beginning with such a combative approach, it's not because I'm combating people, it's because I'm combating an ideology and this ideology will keep you from coming to true understanding surrounding the subject of spiritual warfare and the demonic. Now, I have a lot of teaching that's available on the demonic but for this particular message, all I'm focusing on here, all I want to talk about is how to identify the demon possessed. I'm not going to be talking about how to cast them out. I'm not going to be talking about who gets demon possessed. I'm not going to be talking about certain open doors. I'm just specifically talking about right now, how to identify a demonically possessed person. Now, it's important that we realize that not all the signs I'm giving you are definite cases. For example, one of the signs that I'm going to bring to you today concerning demonic possession is morbid thinking. In other words, obsession with death, obsession with darkness, obsession with things like this. Now, someone may have morbid thinking but this doesn't necessarily mean that that alone is the one and only clue that we need to demonstrate that they are in fact demon possessed. These are just clues. They are not an all case, every sign type of situation. So, not all signs are definite cases and not every case has all the signs. So, it's important that we make that distinction there. So, I want to tell you a story here before I begin to get into the scripture. By the way, I'm going to be in Mark chapter 5. Now, this very peculiar instance took place in the Midwest. I was ministering there at a youth service. The power of the Holy Spirit moved so tremendously that people did not want to leave the building until one in the morning. Now, I'm not saying that was coached. I'm not saying it was the type of service where God is moving. You better reverence it and stay. It wasn't like that at all. We didn't even realize what time it was. We were just so raptured in the presence of God. No one pointed it out. No one encouraged people to stay. No one tried to make people obligated to stay. They just stood because nobody wanted to go home. And nobody realized that we had gone over well past our time. And it was about one in the morning. And I'm going down this prayer line praying over different people. And I made eye contact with this one girl who was standing in front of me as I was praying. And she was looking at me and something in me knew that this girl was demon-possessed. And as soon as I made eye contact, I saw in her the hate. I saw the darkness. I saw the demonic influence. And I felt this boldness rise up within me. And I said, I said, this girl has a demon in her. I turned to one of the youth leaders that this girl has a demon in her. And I don't remember even trying to be polite about it. It just, it was just a boldness that came. And I said, this girl has a demon. And this lady next to me said, no, she can't be demon-possessed. That's one of our youth leaders. I said, I don't care who she is, this girl has a demon in her. Now people started to come around me and say, you know, Brother David, you've missed this one. No, no, this is a good girl. And as soon as they began to try to defend her, this girl just began to laugh with this very sinister, very loud, very maniacal laugh. She begins to laugh. Her head went backwards. She fell to the floor and she began to slither on the floor like a snake.  And I looked at her. I said, the girl who told me the girl wasn't demon-possessed. I said, can I cast the devil out now? She says, okay, go for it. So we prayed for the girl. She ends up getting delivered. But this led me to begin to think about this. I thought, how was it possible that all of these people around her missed the signs of demonic possession? How is it possible that they put this girl in leadership in the church missing the fact that she was under a heavy demonic influence? I said the church, everything in me, knew that the church needed more discernment. And I think that applies to the church at large. The church needs more discernment. Let me tell you the truth. There are some preachers who are on television. They'll never say the name of Jesus and they won't say the name of Jesus because they're demonically influenced themselves. There are people who can appear to have a form of godliness, but they in fact are under the heavy influence of some demonic being. And no, this is not crazy talk. No, this is not something that can be ignored. This is the biblical truth, my friend. And this is a reality and we need to wake up because there is influence out there and we need to break that influence. When is the last time you saw a demon cast out? I'm somewhat considering now showing some of the footage to you of the demons that come out of people in our services. We cast out devils at our services. We don't always put it on the internet or on television because I want to be sensitive to the person who's being delivered. How would you like it if you got set free from a demonic being and then all of a sudden your videos being shown everywhere? I don't know. I don't think you would like that. So we try to be sensitive to these people, but we see demons cast out all the time. When's the last time you saw a demonic being cast out? When's the last time a demon manifested around you? And I'm not saying this to shame you. I'm saying this to get you thinking, to get you to realize that the church has backed away from this subject because it's a little bit scary or it seems a little bit strange to some people. But we have to rely on the scripture. Again, not on our opinions on the scripture. So I want to show you how to tell some of the signs of demonic possession, how to tell that somebody has a demon in them. I think it's time that the church hears this message. I'm going to be in Mark chapter five. I'm going to read verses one through 16. And this portion of scripture is about a man who had about a thousand demons inside of him is what scholars believe. So they arrived at the other side of the lake in the region of the garrisons. When Jesus climbed out of the boat, a man possessed by an evil spirit came out from a cemetery to meet him. This man lived among the burial caves and could no longer be restrained even with a chain. Whenever he was put into chains and shackles, as he often was, he snapped the chains from his wrist and smashed the shackles. No one was strong enough to subdue him. Day and night he wandered among the burial caves and in the hills, howling and cutting himself with sharp stones. When Jesus was still some distance away, the man saw him, ran to meet him and bowed low before him. With a shriek he screamed, Why are you interfering with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? In the name of God I beg you don't torture me. For Jesus had already said to the Spirit, Come out of the man, you evil spirit. Then Jesus demanded, What is your name? And he replied, My name is Legion because there are many of us inside this man.  There happened to be a large herd of pigs feeding on the hillside nearby. Send us into those pigs the spirits begged. Let us enter them. So Jesus gave them permission. The evil spirits came out of the man and entered the pigs and the entire herd of about 2,000 pigs plunged down the steep hillside into the lake and drowned in the water. The herdsmen fled to the nearby town and the surrounding countryside, spreading the news as they ran. People rushed out to see what had happened. A crowd soon gathered around Jesus and they saw the man who had been possessed by the Legion of Demons. He was sitting there, fully clothed and perfectly sane and they were all afraid. Then those who had seen what happened told the others about the demon-possessed man and the pigs. So I want you to take a look here. In verse number three you're going to notice something. In verse number three you're going to notice that the man is spending time among the burial caves. In other words, he's spending time at a graveyard. So here is one of the first signs of demonic possession is morbid thinking. They're obsessed with darkness. They're obsessed with death. They're obsessed with violence and murder and things that have to do with decay and this sort of darkness. Because this man was obsessed with morbid things, he spent his time near graveyards. Secondly, I want you to notice that he was able to break the chains with which they tried to restrain him. Anytime they put chains on this man, whenever they would do this, and it says this often happened, he had such ability, such power that he was able to break those chains right off of his wrist. Now this is a powerful demonstration, though it is demonic power, it is still a powerful demonstration of supernatural ability. So those who are demon possessed can often demonstrate some type of supernatural ability. This is the truth with psychics. This is the truth with fortune tellers. This is those who are empowered by the demonic forces that push false religions and push false doctrines. They too have power. They too have ability, and often they can mimic, not duplicate, but mimic what God's people are able to do. I want you to notice that he was very violent and very barbaric. People who are demon possessed have this drive in them that's angry and full of violence and barbaric. Often you'll see people like this in mental institutions and in prisons. Right now in our culture, I don't know why, but there is this fascination with serial killers as of late. And I believe that those who are cult leaders and serial killers and such, they are driven to this violence because of the demonic spirit in them. I want you to think about this. Demonic spirits hate God's creation.  They want to harm you. They want to hurt you, but they don't have the physical body to do it. So when they come to possess someone with a physical body, they turn that person on the people that God loves. They turn that against God's creation. Often you'll see senseless shootings, senseless murders, violent acts that defy explanation. This is the explanation. It is demonic influence. You'll also notice that this man was considered mentally unstable. Now, I want to tread carefully here because I don't believe that all mental illness such as depression and anxiety are necessarily demonic. They can be prolonged, agitated, and intensified by demonic beings, but I've known spirit-filled believers who struggle with depression. That'll give you a little bit of a clue on whether or not I think Christians can be demon-possessed, but I will address that maybe in the weeks to come. But for now, I just want to focus on this very simple thought. Not every struggle in the flesh is a sign of demonic influence. Sometimes the flesh is just the flesh and I want to be sensitive to those who struggle with depression and anxiety. This is not me being sinker-sensitive. This is not me trying to water down the word, to try not to offend people. This is just me giving you the truth. Think about the prophet who was so depressed that God had to send birds to feed him. That depression hit him. So I'm not saying that everyone who suffers with depression or anxiety is demon-possessed. Please hear me on that. But I will say that mostly everyone who is demon-possessed is filled with depression and anxiety. So not everyone who is depressed and anxious is demon-possessed, but almost everyone who is demon-possessed suffers with depression and anxiety. That's a very subtle distinction and I want you to make sure that you've noted that. But moving now even further into this idea of mental illness, this man wasn't just a little unstable. This man wasn't just a little depressed or a little anxious or a little paranoid, or he didn't just struggle with a little bit of OCD. This man was deranged. And often you'll see people like this wandering the streets, talking to themselves. You see them in psychiatric wards. You see them doing very heinous things. And this here, I believe, is a sign of demonic possession. In fact, to be mentally deranged at a certain level is proof that not only do they have a demon in them, but multiple demonic spirits. This man was possessed with multiple demonic spirits and he was out of his mind deranged. So that is another sign that's mental instability or mental derangement. Also, you'll notice that he would hurt himself. He would cut himself with sharp stones. Self-harm is a sign of demonic possession. Now again, guys, I don't want you to rush to superstition. I don't want you to take this as that's it. That's the standard. I can check that off the list and therefore that person is demon possessed. I'm saying that these are signs that will help us to discern whether or not someone has a demon. Ultimately, it's by the Holy Spirit that you discern these things. But these are important clues to look for when dealing with someone who needs deliverance. But self-harm can be caused by demonic influence. And this is something that makes perfect sense when you realize that demonic beings hate God's creation. Next, I want you to notice that this man was tormented in the presence of Jesus. When he came before the feet of Jesus, he said, he said, don't torment me. Why? Because it was the nearness of Jesus. It was just the nearness of his presence that caused him to go into a tormented state, I should say. So they have discomfort in God's presence. So here we see morbid thinking, supernatural ability, violence, or barbaric behavior, mental instability, self-harm, and discomfort in God's presence. Now, I want you to notice here in Mark chapter five verses one through two, these demonic spirits still maintain control, or these people who are possessed by demonic spirits, I should say, still maintain control over their will. It was not the demonic spirits that drove the man to go stand before Jesus. It was the man's desire to be freed that caused him to go and stand before Jesus. The demonic spirits would not have approached Jesus, but the man wanting to be delivered came and approached the Son of God, and the demons were tormented. So you could still maintain some control over your will when your demon possessed. Now, I actually will have to finish up this message in a part two, because there is so much more I want to show you about demonic possession and how to see it, how to discern it. So I will continue with this next week, but I want to pray with you now number one, that God would anoint you to deliver the captives, and that God would cause you to be alert spiritually, aware of the times, okay, because demonic spirits are running rampant right now. And secondly, I want you to be prepared for the season in which we are entering right now. This is a season where the church needs to be supernaturally empowered and ready to face these demonic strongholds because demonic beings have taken their places in high positions of authority and they've taken their places all throughout our culture and our society, and the church has fallen asleep concerning this subject and because of that, demons have become a little more comfortable in the culture. This is because the church needs to wake up to the fact that demons still exist. So I want to pray with you. Let's just pray that God would empower you and that God would give you greater discernment and I will finish this message next week. So Father, in the name of Jesus, I pray for that one receiving this now and I ask you, Lord, that you would give them power from on high, anoint them Jesus, cause them to become warriors in the spirit. Father, I pray that the spirit within them, the Holy Spirit, would give them the boldness and the authority to set the captives free. Lord, send your people forth to deliver the drug addicted. Send your people forth to deliver the oppressed and the tormented. Send your people forth, Lord, to deliver those who are struggling with self-harm and struggling with self-hatred. Anoint us in the name of Jesus. Father, let the captives be set free wherever we step foot in your name we pray. I want you to say it because you agree, say amen.  Again, don't fall for that Christian superstition. By the way, I have a lot of teachings on the demonic here on our YouTube channel and on our app. And wherever you're watching this on, you can, Roku, Apple TV, wherever you're watching this, you can get more of my teachings on the demonic. It would be under the Spirit Church category and you have to go back to about a year ago when I did several teachings on the demonic. I want to welcome now the new members of Spirit Church. There you are up on the screen. I love you and I'm praying for you. I always say that because I always mean it and if you like information on how you can join the Spirit family, then go to DavidHernandezMinistries.com slash Spirit Church. Go ahead, subscribe to that emailing list and when you do, when you join the Spirit family, you're going to get a brand new teaching from me every single week, a brand new worship video from Steven Montezuma and you'll be able to reply to that email for prayer support from our ministry staff. So join the Spirit family today, almost 7,000 members strong. I want to get to your comments now and these comments are from my teaching why your prayers aren't answered. Now last week I gave you a very important key to your prayer life that will help you to pray more effectively. But if you'd like me to read your comments next week from this video, then go ahead and leave your comments in the comments section below. If you're watching this on YouTube, that's where you'll see the comments section and I may read these comments from you next week. But for now, I'm going to read the comments as I said from last week's teaching why your prayers aren't answered. The first commenter, Shaila Mary, writes, I was going through spiritual dryness but this testimony renewed and filled me with the Holy Spirit.  By the way, if you're wondering why they're talking about little Aria, who's my daughter, who will be born April 10th, or so the doctors say, she could come before or after. Go ahead and watch that video because I have a very powerful testimony, a very personal testimony from my wife and I and you'll see why our little Aria is such a miracle. But that's on last week's teaching why your prayers aren't answered. The next commenter, writes, All glory to Jesus. Congratulations, dear brother David. Thank you for not only preaching faith but also exercising faith in your personal life and encouraging all of us to do so. God bless you, sister Jessica, and the wonderful blessed baby yet to come. Our God's always faithful love from India to your family. Javelin Anabhan writes, Thank you, Pastor David, for your encouragement. I am so blessed every time I watch your preaching videos. I felt the Holy Spirit in your preaching. God bless you and your ministry more. Paul Martinez writes, Brother David, glory to God. Amazing, amazing message. God can do all things. Not today, Satan. Thank you for sharing your miracle. We are behind you and your family. We serve a living God. I love you. Keep the word of God coming. Thank you, my brother Paul. And again, we want you to go ahead and be sure to watch last week's teaching while your prayers aren't answered. Leave a comment now. I may read your comment next week. And also, don't forget to subscribe to our channel. Subscribe and be sure to click the notification bell so that you are notified when a brand new video is released from our channel. Now, Paul said something interesting here. He said, Keep the word of God coming. And this is what we want to do. We want to continue to spread the gospel of Jesus Christ and the power of the Holy Spirit. Now, don't change the video don't click away. I want to talk to you for just a second.  Become a $30 a month partner with our ministry. Sign up today. That's just a few dollars a week. That's maybe one trip to a restaurant. If you're a big family, that's one trip to the movie theater. If that, you just give that up once a month. And you can help us spread the gospel all around the world. And we do it through two simple means, events and media. So help us. This ministry is expanding. As you can see, the events are growing. The broadcast reach is growing. You can see that we're doing more events all over the world. Partner with us. Help us today. In faith, step out and say, I want to become a $30 a month partner. You do that today and I'll send you either carriers of the glory, 25 truths about demons and spiritual warfare, or encountering the Holy Spirit in every book of the Bible. So that will be our initiation gift to you when you sign up to become a monthly supporter. I'll sign it and send it to you as my thank you. But whether you become a $30 a month supporter or a one-time giver, it doesn't matter. All of it goes to reach souls. Now, we have some people who give $5 and we've had people sew six figures. But the $5 to the six figures and everything in between, all of it counts. All of it matters. So don't withhold just because you say, I can't do $30 a month so I might as well not do anything. No, everything counts. And if you can do more, do more. If you can do less, do less. Whatever you're able to do, do it today. So sew a one-time gift or become a monthly partner. Help support the gospel. Help support this ministry. Help us continue to reach people all around the world. Well, that is it for this edition of Spirit Church here on the Encounter TV Network. Until next time, remember, nothing is impossible with God.


Hey everyone welcome back to figure fantasy so it's good to be back Recording this video been through a lot this couple of days, but the will go straight to the point here So we have here is caged flower Going through Enraged soul so as you can see guys we are here at the pride scavenger So this is a kind of a puzzle event or mini event for a short duration So I've already cleared easy hard and torment levels So I'm gonna teach you guys are gonna give you guys a Suggestions on line-ups on how to do this and also on placement. So we'll start first with the easy part So for the easy one objective is Achieve victory deals the most damage with zanta can use use zanta came to defeat all three figurines So let's go proceed Okay, so this this was actually my This is actually the the suggested lineup. So what do you do is? Where do I place zanta canes so the the most optimal position for her is going to be the back part because she will be giving a lot of damage and Starting with this fellow with this dragon here going down here. So this is easy I don't think this will be a big deal in terms of you guys Doing three stars or three three icons to complete this one. So let's look at how this is going to be finished So as you can see there First one is about to be down And going to the second one the middle Middle part about to be done Then the last one is going to be that one below. So as I see Zanta can is actually Big sustained damage So then we're good Okay So off to the next level. So as you as you can see here all three objectives achieved Okay, so we proceed to hard. So hard is here the targets objectives achieve victory Deal most damage with zanta came of course and the most difficult part of this one is going to be Clearing the stage within 25 seconds. So I Was able to clear this one but did a lot of trying there. So let's proceed to the battle. Okay, so placements options What are your options first would be Santa Cain? Preferably she's going to be on top to be clearing the first dragon upstairs. So she's gonna be here. I Would also suggest that you put the What he goes a laura at the back I'll put ziffer here for healing of course then Put a tank in front Furbly Megan because she's the she's the tankiest and here this one this position is going to be crucial for you guys because This position is going to need a damage dealer a lot of dealing a lot of damage and I think you know if it's the bill Right in front of zanta Cain. Okay, so let's try this out So you need to take out the first dragon up Up there then move down of course to cruises You know actually does a lot of damage That is why she is needed to Deal or dispatch That dragon then go to cruises then the last dragon downstairs So take note that your time started in one minute, so we need to end this battle by 35 seconds So this is going to be close guys as you can see we're at 37 35 Right on the dot So as you can see here all three stages or all three objectives achieved Okay, so we are here with the last Last age. This is already torment. This is probably the most difficult to do. Let's move on to the battle So as you can see zanta Cain is there. She is in a special zone Energy regen and ultimate power Increase so she that's their that's her right position there Then you should put somebody who is specialized as well in single, you know single damage to a an opponent Which is a catchy then again my preference for high damage because you need to take the boss out, which is this girl She really packs a punch in terms of You know she can kill you in one, you know one sweep so you have to take her out First okay, so you know I'm going to be placing here then it is It should be your you know objective to also put two healers in your team Put them on each side, then I think we're ready to go Okay, guys, so the goal of this stage is to try to Eliminate the boss as early as possible if you fail in eliminating the boss We're using this lineup try it again Just repeat because sometimes the RNG is different and the sometimes the damages are different as well So it's good that I was able to defeat the boss at this point. So I'm actually using you know If you want you could experiment on other you know other figures to replace you now But again, if you fail to defeat the stage Just try the stage again because again RNG will be a main factor in defeating that boss as quick as possible Okay guys, so that is it for Pride scavengers, so hopefully you guys got got some tips and those formations and more or less You can clear the stages up to three star already. Okay guys Well, thank you very much for staying this far and also don't forget to subscribe to my channel and please Consider it because this helps my channel a lot. Also guys don't forget to click that bell icon and put a like to this video Thank you very much. Stay safe. Take care. It's the warden and I'm out of here


Let's let's get started Let's get started. Thanks so much everybody for coming today today We're going to talk to you a little bit about a project that we've both been working on to plan a community created data rescue toolkit It's part of an IMLS funded planning grant I am Mara Blake. I'm the manager of data services at Johns Hopkins University, and I am the PI for the planning grant I'm Katie Micah. I'm the data services librarian at the University of Colorado And I joined the grant a little bit late, but was able to attend the meeting in September So we'll be presenting together right too many computers so Today what we're going to do is walk you through a little overview of data rescue although I imagine many folks in this room are familiar with it and then we'll talk to you a little bit about the Planning grant that we've been working on that's been funded by IMLS And I can only stress that we are in the middle of that planning grant So we really are at a great opportunity to welcome your feedback and that many things are in development And then we will go into a project that came out of a planning grant meeting that we held to develop a data rescue nomination tool And then we'll talk a little bit about where we're going next What our next steps are and then open it up for your questions and topics for discussion All right, so I'm going to start by giving some context to what we've been working on Yeah, so in 2017 there are some changes to federal data retention and public information Publishing practices and that exposed substantial obstacles to long-term digital preservation of and meaningful access to government data and information And in response there were a number of universities and organizations that hosted hackathon type events to archive web pages and data sets that were identified as particularly at risk and highlight the vulnerability of public access to that data Well, this is not a new problem if there's any government information librarians here I'm sure this will be very familiar to you It is vital to engage a variety of stakeholders in addressing the inherent difficulties in maintaining access to and archiving and preserving public information records and data So these data rescue events. Oh That looks great But so these are some miscolored Photos of some of the data rescue events that happened around the country They began at the University of Pennsylvania in early 2017 and focused largely on data and information relating to climate change and other environmental research areas But that quickly expanded to other universities and communities with diverse but just as immediate data and digital preservation needs So pens program for environmental humanities in collaboration with edgy the environmental data and government's initiative and other stakeholders including the internet archive developed a methodology for hosting events that get data stewards scientists librarians and the public involved in single-day hackathon events Designed to motivate participants and accomplish a significant number of activities in a short amount of time These events were organized using common activism strategies like advertising and registering participants through social media And they gather people together to allocate expertise and computing power to achieve to archive particular websites and datasets So participants at these events self-selected into different groups of researchers harvesters checkers baggers and Describers to seed or nominate websites that we're going to be scraped into the internet archive I is web crawler often can't capture some types of datasets, especially those that might have sensitive or protected information or are structurally very complicated And to address part of this data workflow included Uploading datasets that would be decentralized data infrastructures Like mirrors if you're familiar with that technology that will store the data redundantly on a lot of different servers around the world And so since 2017 event workflows have expanded to include options for contributing metadata to the internet's the internet archives End-of-term project Cleaning metadata that has already been scraped teaching web archiving skills to expand digital preservation ops operations Outreach and education documenting and storytelling Creating or contributing to citizen science projects hosting Wikipedia editathons And archiving event details all of these activities contribute to the general initiative to keep public information publicly available It's open science philosophies Identify public data as a public utility data archiving and preservation is praxis that is difficult at best How many people here know of a lab or a researcher or are themselves a researcher that have a pile of undocumented data? living on a hard drive somewhere It's a very familiar problem And so as data librarians a lot of us understand that threats to long-term preservation and access are very common Almost standard parts of research labs and organizations Providing meaningful access and ensuring compliance with fair data practices is not easy And often takes a team of librarians and data stewards to create effective storage Access and archiving solutions for researchers at big R1s, but what if you're not at an R1? What if you don't have data curation services at hand? What if you don't have an extra hour week to learn how to do that yourself? What if you what if your department loses a necessary funding stream that paid for your storage solution? What if your grad student left and didn't tell you how he did anything? All of these are way that data begins to become at risk Data that are at risk are at risk of being lost This includes any data that are not easily accessible have been dispersed have been separated from the research output Object are stored on a medium that is obsolete or at risk of deterioration data that we're not recorded in digital form or digital Data that are available but are not usable because they have been detached from supporting data Metadata and information needed to use and interpret them intelligently Rescue and data in these circumstances is not a political exercise It is a necessary function and responsibility of a research community Data rescue has included has grown to include volunteers and professionals Dedicated to the stewardship of public data regardless of federal administration This community toolkit that we're going to be talking about represents an opportunity to engage the public researchers and librarians in identifying why and how data becomes at risk and what digital preservation and archiving Steps can be taken to ameliorate those effects Much of the easy easily discoverable and extremely endangered Information and data has been captured through a lot of these data rescue events But the mission is far from complete Identifying maintaining and preserving at risk data is a long-term project that will not likely ever end This data rescue community toolkit aims to support creators and users of public data by providing workflows and resources For engaging in this type of work. Thanks so much Katie. So Now we're going to turn our attention to the planning grant that we've been working on funded by IMLS and Where we're at with that and so this planning grant came out of a meeting that was hosted at Johns Hopkins in the summer of 2017 and you can see there's an OSF page that has Documentation about this meeting and it happened in response to what Katie's describing where all these events were hosted Around data rescue that gathered data, but then the question becomes what's next? How does this become sustained? There's really well documented information on how to host an event from folks like edgy folks for Penn But how do people enter into this and sustain it long-term and so that's What this meeting started talking about this idea of a data rescue toolkit that would provide sort of a centralized entry point For people who are interested, but had different perspectives so it led to the submission of One year planning grant IMLS, which was awarded. Thankfully for the purpose of engaging with the communities working in this area to Kind of work through what a toolkit like this might look like So the main part of our work so far has been to host a stakeholder meeting that happened just this past fall a couple months ago to bring those people together and talk more about What really would this toolkit look like who would use it and So Also not The normal photo different sort of an artistic interpretation Who attended this meeting that we held and you can see this is some of the folks who attended we had 26 people attend and Libraries were well represented academic research libraries No surprise, but we also had representatives from liberal arts college libraries public libraries, and I think it's important to note existing Groups of People from libraries already working together along a data type purpose so an existing entity of some kind We also had data archives represented data producers or data custodians and Tech tech companies and sort of public advocacy groups So brought together a lot of different kind of people to come together to work through what this toolkit might look like That would really be a value for the people working in this area During our meeting we went through an exercise to work on the vision of what this toolkit would be so that we could start from a shared place We also once we had that sort of nailed down To some extent We worked through what the components of the toolkit would be What it would include or what it could include and how will we pick from what it could include to what it will include and then to sort of further refine things we went through an exercise to think of potential user profiles and user scenarios to help us think through how a toolkit would be used This is the vision statement that we came up with at the meeting Again, it's not sent in stone But it emphasizes a couple important things and I'll highlight I won't read it verbatim but you know sort of the idea that there are both social and Technical issues to this problem and both are important that we have a Mission that both wants to identify collect describe preserve, but also provide access to data and That we want to have an open collaborative process and we want to build on existing expertise So since we've held this meeting I've started to reflect on some of the Issues associated with it and I try to think of the same topic as both the opportunity and the challenge So this is sort of both sides of the coin of a couple things that we've been working through So we have this opportunity where this is a really important issue many of us rely on federal data our researchers the public It's a widespread issue The sort of flip side of that of course is that it's a really big scary problem And can feel overwhelming We also have this opportunity where a lot of groups and individuals are very committed. They're very engaged Um, but we have the challenge of coordinating different experts expectations and styles the next projects you'll hear about we've been working with a tech company and They have a really different Timeline and sense of pace than academic libraries and so those are really important partners for us but we have to kind of work through some of those issues to Effectively work together And then we have this great opportunity to build collaborations and partnerships with other Groups working on this topic and then the challenge of avoiding duplication of efforts or confusion of terms that are Similar, but don't quite mean the same thing or we're using the same term differently so those are some of the things we're working through and In our meeting we identify in our meeting in the aftermath of the meeting I'll say we identified some big questions That we don't have complete answers to but they're interesting to think through and one of the questions was What do we mean by data or what do we mean by government? Do we mean structured data? Do we mean all information? Do we mean a lot of times in this space? We're talking about data produced by the federal government a lot of times Also, we mean data produced by the federal government that is about the environment But many participants in our meeting express concern for local and regional data that might be at risk for less Sensationalized reasons but have some of the same needs and could we Incorporate those needs into our work and in our mission statement. We chose to do that Our next question is who should the toolkit before you know, can it be can we effectively make one thing that is For everyone and if we can't do that right away, can we Scaffold or iterate our implementation? So we start with something smaller that addresses some needs and build on some success from that to expand out Our fourth question who is responsible in the longer term for this It's kind of a big scary question if we think back to our opportunities and challenges And then we had a really interesting discussion about the term data rescue, which is really well known So there's a lot of advantages to using it But we had a really engaging discussion in our meeting about this term might not be the most Inclusive for many of the folks we want to work with in government agencies who are working very hard to preserve Information and the idea that we need to swoop in and rescue it from them is perhaps not the best way to build Partnerships and so what term would we use instead that is still? Recognizable and identifies the problem but invites more collaboration with our needed partners on this topic So what's next so our main deliverable from our planning grant grant will be a white paper that Lays out what the toolkit might look like or might look like in stages So it'll have the different components we identified as well as the user profiles because those I think are really helpful And that's that's the main thing but items two through four are Important components of our project as well. So outreach at conferences and professional meetings like this one and We will have a OSF space to a company a company this white paper with our notes and resources available Really supporting our goal of having an open process and then we will create a plan for an implementation So I wanted to take a minute to talk about, you know, this meeting is mostly for libraries Why is it important for libraries to be involved in this and we have? This great opportunity to build connections across groups who don't traditionally work with each other and we're a nice relatively neutral Connection between some of these stakeholders It's also an opportunity for us to leverage our existing work with data many of us have Experience with data management data preservation data archiving in our institutions and we can apply it to this problem This is Widespread problem it transcends our institutional boundaries But it can also often be a way that we can still address our local needs where we have Researchers who are interested in this data and we can incorporate that into our local work while still supporting this bigger need and compared to some of the groups who are Working in this area and very invested in it. We have a lot of organizational stability as Especially research libraries and that can help sustain these projects with our stability and related to that is our ability if we so choose to invest our Human time and money and into the problem so We wanted to highlight a specific project that came out of our stakeholder meeting Which was the creation of a data rescue nomination tool And this happened as part of a side conversation at the meeting where You know, we're talking about there's some tools if you know a data set You can sub you can archive it yourself like data lumos you can take responsibility for it But there's not a place to say I know this data set needs help But I'm I can't do it. I need somebody else to do it. So the that was the impetus for this tool and Joan at cloud burst volunteered cloud burst to develop it and that development is in progress for this tool and so You know kind of the idea behind the tool being someone at an agency or a researcher Identifies a data set needs Rescuing they can't handle it themselves. They submit it to a tool and somebody else volunteers to work on it and So Katie is going to take us through Where the town? We've got some oddly colored cats But essentially we're coming at it from There's three essential roles that we imagine this nomination tool would be useful for And the first one is going to be the data submitter Which Mara just mentioned is someone who can identify a data package as in in flux Or in at risk in some way and might need some additional Preservation place to go a repository to end up at or some curations and conservation work to be acted on and then we split it up the Archivers or the preservationists into two roles of data minions and data heroes when we were on a conference call trying to figure out How to differentiate these roles and so essentially a data hero would be somebody who has some kind of Credential logs into the system and is able to identify Types of projects they're interested in working on any expertise or technical tech skills that they have that they're willing to contribute And they are not necessarily an anonymous user in this case a data minion can be somebody who operates within the system Can be anonymous or have a username and may want to join in some of the Activities but not necessarily put their name on it or to say that they are taking full responsibility for something Essentially the way the cats are playing is how we imagine this being useful or working a little bit a request gets submitted Something somehow it gets approved. It gets reviewed in some way by either a hero or a minion And they they sort it into a couple of different buckets of what what things need to happen heroes can then Search and select things to work on There is there are some some ideas of where status checks are going to be Things can be checked out and check back it back in in some cases But essentially at some point it needs to be approved by the person who submitted the original request and Then our big star full of toys over there is that we have a beautifully perfectly packaged wonderful Archived and preserved version of the average data which may or may not be realistic, but the nomination idea is something that was expressed as Necessary by a lot of people that got together at our at our meeting And so this is another idea sort of showing the workflow that we're currently working with that cloudburst is operating off of It's pretty General and I want to be able to solicit some feedback in our last five minutes So I'm just gonna kind of skip past some of this. This is what it looks like right now We are in active development in pre alpha phase. I would say right now We're trying to kind of give it some data and see what's going to happen and see if any of this works And then just some final notes about it is we see this tool working in tandem with this toolkit that gets developed Where an individual or group sort of finds this finds the toolkit understands what this data rescue community has been working on? And and finds this tool as sort of a stepping stone as a place to start with data preservation for a data package They recognize these submitters recognize that they might not have the tools the expertise or the resources to do what's needed But through this toolkit and through this tool they discover a Way to connect with people with experts that do have those those resources From the other end the toolkit and this nomination tool becomes a resource for people that are interested in Helping out that are that don't have time to go to an event. I haven't seen the events happened recently So there's there's not even really a big mission Surrounding this anymore. This gives people a way to contribute And we imagine that it will it will function as somewhat of a hub for active actual activity That supports the use of the toolkit and continues some of these data rescuing events or data preservation and archiving activities and I'll add that I attended the preservation of electronic government information or Peggy meeting Before this conference and we had a really interesting discussion about What might be the social infrastructure that supports a tool like this and how would we work on that part of it? So I'm really excited to hear more about your thoughts about that So our next steps are Sharing a white paper this winter with our meeting team initially for feedback once we get that feedback and incorporate it We will share the white paper for public comment So I would invite everybody attending here to look out for that We would really welcome your feedback and your thoughts in this meeting But also on the white paper once it's once it's reviewed and we will use that to plan for implementation We have a couple thank yous to make obviously first and foremost I'm a less for supporting this project To the everyone who attended our stakeholder meeting to the team working on the nomination tool in particular Joan and everybody at Cloudburst Reed Bame who's the project manager for this grant and Ruth Durr at the Ronin Institute So thank you so much to all of those people and thank you to you for attending this presentation


Thank you, and hello. My name is Nikita, and my last name is Java Ronkov. It's impossible to pronounce So I come from Russia and I'm developing block chair and if you use Bitcoin cash and since you So let's try it once again I'm developing block chair and if you use Bitcoin cash and there is a high chance You're using Bitcoin cash because you're all here at this conference You have most probably heard about block chair because block chair is the most popular and most widely used Bitcoin cash explorer out there We are trying to stay as innovative as the Bitcoin cash developers the Bitcoin cash community We are trying to bring new features to our platform as fast as Bitcoin cash developers Bring them to the Bitcoin cash code base. Well, for example, we were the first Bitcoin cash explorer to implement the new cash address format and thank you, Jason And yesterday the here were a talk about the group proposal and I guess and I hope we will be the first Bitcoin cash explorer to support native colored tokens on the Bitcoin cash blockchain as well so we We launched our Bitcoin cash explorer just the day before the fork happened So we have gathered a huge amount of data And I would like to share some statistics on Bitcoin versus Bitcoin cash today with you Well, of course, we have a Bitcoin explorer also and well the title is Bitcoin versus Bitcoin cash But you can call it Bitcoin versus Bitcoin Bitcoin core versus Bitcoin. Well pick whatever you like So let's start with the technical differences. Well, it's not the stats, but that what influences stats The most known and one of the most important differences is the block size limit Well, the block size limit is the reason Bitcoin cash was burned Right now in Bitcoin, we still have one megabyte block size limit for stripped block size Since segment got activated they changed the concept of block size to the block weight and now they have a limit of four mega weight units so-called weight units and but effectively The block size in Bitcoin is still limited up to one point two Or one point three megabytes. Well in Bitcoin cash, this limit is 32 megabytes Well, right now it's soft limited to eight megabytes and just like Omure said it will be lifted in the next update And that difference results in that the fact that transaction throughput is higher is larger from for Bitcoin cash So these two cryptocurrencies have different use cases The second difference is the difference is Difficulty adjustment algorithms well in Bitcoin the difficulty readjusts once in 2016 blocks while in Bitcoin cash that happens every block well that leads to the Fact that there are two different security models and two different emission curves Well, because when miners found find new blocks, they include a transaction to mint new bitcoins there And the third difference is support for segregated witness. It's Obviously it's supported in Bitcoin and it's not in Bitcoin cash But once again the Bitcoin cash developers have some clever proposals To fix millability bug in Bitcoin cash in a more convenient way Using a hard for instead of soft for And I hope that will be done too So let's get to the transaction throughput The most common transaction consists of consists of two outputs Well, the first output is for the recipient of transaction Where he gets his money for whatever for a product And the second output is for the sender himself where he puts the change and We calculated for that for such transaction with transaction with two outputs The average input count is also true. So we have two inputs to outputs and that is 386 bytes of data. Well, that means that one megabyte gives us only Gives us possibility to include only 2060 600 transactions in it So given that blocks are issued only once in 10 minutes that one megabyte limits us to Approximately for transactions for basic transactions per second So if we compare that to 32 megabytes, well 32 megabytes give us 138 transactions per second. Well, if we compare the Bitcoin architecture the architecture of Bitcoin blockchain to for example visa visa can process 24,000 transactions at peak well, for example at the Christmas Eve when everybody is buying gifts cookies Whatever and in order to have the same throughput in Bitcoin We would need five point five gigabyte blocks. Well as it has been stated it was stated yesterday There will be no problem to support one terabyte blocks Bitcoin cash in the future. So This is not as much as it seems So but in practice we see other figures well for The orange line is for Bitcoin and the green line is for Bitcoin cash. Well, the current transaction throughput Not the throughput, but the usage is Three to four transactions per second, but for Bitcoin cash, it's under one transactions One transaction per second. Why is that? Well, despite it Recently a bit pay announced that they support Bitcoin cash. Well, there isn't that much users In Bitcoin cash that as in Bitcoin If we look at the blockchain saturation we can see that blocks in Bitcoin are constantly full the blockchain is clogged so 99% of the block space is constantly full with transactions And then that's not the case for Bitcoin cash Well, Bitcoin cash has only 1% saturation and actually this is a very good thing Because it gives us a room for new use cases new products new startups, which can fill this place And in my opinion, it will be a good idea if Bitcoin cash Saturation Bitcoin cash blockchain saturation ever increases to like 20 or 30 percent to increase the block size limit once again to Adapt new use cases So and we have two remarks here to small remarks Well, first of all that the difficulty adjustment algorithm also affect the average time between blocks. That's the throughput and I will have a slide about segbit adoption in Bitcoin a little bit later so Because the cash rate in Bitcoin is constantly increasing and the difficulty Adjusts only once in approximately two weeks Bitcoin miners find blocks more frequently than the target 10 minutes So that leads to the fact that the real Thrust limit is 20% more than theoretical. Well, I'll find just before So far the Bitcoin blockchain Well, at least before segbit has been increasing not for 1 megabyte each 10 minutes But 1.2 megabyte. Well, so when Luke Dash Jr. Says that let's try to increase the block size to 1.1 megabyte Well, we already have that Let's say at the block count for both blockchains once again Bitcoin is orange Bitcoin cash is green At this slide we can see on the left side that the chart form for Bitcoin cash is Wobbling well that because that's because Bitcoin cash actually had two different Adjustments adjustment algorithms and the first one was quite buggy. It was replaced by the New one and now Bitcoin cash shows us that it is closer to the expected number of blocks per day Which is 144 then Bitcoin. So in that matter Bitcoin cash works better than Bitcoin So and here is the emission curves for two cryptocurrencies as we can see once again on the left side the chair for Bitcoin cash is Wobbling but right now the emission for Bitcoin cash is lower than for Bitcoin and somewhere in the distant future these two lines will intersect But there is a reverse side to the coin because hash rate may not only increase but also decrease for example due to a huge price drop and that would lead to The decrease of throughput. Well a possible scenario here is a downward spiral Well, the price drops the hash rate drops the throughput decreases until the next readjustment in two weeks Feast skyrocket as we have already witnessed this many many many times and The markets begin to panic. Well, I guess everyone here. So have seen Threats on various Bitcoin forums. Well, my transaction is stuck the exchange trying to rob me Bitcoin is not war is not working So the price drops even more because of the panic hash rate drops even more and we have a negative loop here So it's a bad thing for Bitcoin And let's get back to segregated witness for a moment here. We can see the adoption rate a chart for Segmit in Bitcoin right now the adoption is nearly 30% and here we can see the difference between soft-forking approach to changes and hard-forking well Segmit is here in Bitcoin for over half a year and if Segmit were implemented as a hard-fork it would instantly have 100% adoption So once again, this is why Bitcoin cash better than Bitcoin because Changes are implemented quicker And let's get back to the difficulty for a moment and here we are going to outline a problem for Bitcoin cash this time well, everyone knows that Bitcoin's cash rate is much higher than that of Bitcoin cash and That leaves Bitcoin cash vulnerable to well, of course, it's hypothetical, but it's also real 51% attack from Bitcoin miners and let's see what percentage of the current Bitcoin miners is Needed to attack Bitcoin cash. Well, it's just 11% of Bitcoin miners and that's quite a loud figure because four different Bitcoin mining pools have at least 11% of the entire hash rate in Bitcoin each that would be BTC.com which has 25% and pull 16% slash pull 12% and via BTC 11% So if any of these pools or just a huge solo miner Decides to go rogue for any reason. Well, Bitcoin cash isn't trouble Now let's get back to simpler stats. Well, here we see you can see the number of transactions Bitcoin processes approximately 1.2 million transactions weekly and This number for Bitcoin cash is just 0.2 million and we can also see here that There are more sacred transactions in Bitcoin than transactions in Bitcoin cash Now let's take a look at the money turnover in means of United States dollars the Bitcoin cash net The Bitcoin network processes approximately 100 billion dollars weekly while the same number for Bitcoin cash is 7 billion and Here we can know notice that the price of Bitcoin cash is Approximately the same 10 times lower lower than that of Bitcoin The next metric is a little bit More complicated. It's called coin days destroyed Well, coin days destroyed is calculated by multiplying the amount of coins in a transaction in a transaction By the number of days it has been since these coins were less spent. Well, for example, if I received two bit coins three days ago Well to multiply three that would be six days Coin days I would destroy if I send this transaction. Well, and this metric is the Almost the same for Bitcoin and Bitcoin cash. So if we Speak about coin Turnover it's the same for the two coins Now let's get to the average fees. It's one of the most interesting interesting metrics. Well, because love low fees is one of the main selling point for Bitcoin cash and we can see when the recent Ride happened Bitcoin fees were as high as 45 dollars per transaction in average. Well at this time I tried to purchase domain names Web hosting and I was given an option to pay with either Bitcoin or Bitcoin or PayPal and despite I consider myself a Huge Bitcoin user.  So and the same number for Bitcoin cash is Well, it will better look on this slide is Much lower, but you you can ask me here if Nikita if you just told us that the Saturation for Bitcoin cash blockchain is almost non-existent Why the fees for Bitcoin cash are as high as 40 cents per transaction? You're at least they were a Couple of months ago. Well, that's because most Bitcoin cash wallets is still you still use Fee estimation algorithms from Bitcoin software and these algorithms were Architecture with the thought that the blockchain is constantly clogged Which is not the case for Bitcoin cash So those users of Bitcoin cash who decided to set fees manually instead of relying on an algorithm well, they Get into the Bitcoin cash blockchain just for one cent or less. Well, let's dig a little Deeper and compare median fees. Well the median fee from for Bitcoin cash, as you can see here is lower than the average Right now it's just half a cent. So 50% of all transactions in which happen on Bitcoin cash pay less than half a cent And if we deep even deeper to the 10th percentile fees, well, what's 10th percentile? It's well for for example in Bitcoin It was $14 that means that 10% of transactions paid less than $14 and the other 90% paid more well for Bitcoin cash That is just one tenth of a cent So that means that you can include a transaction in the Bitcoin cash blockchain for as low as One tenth of a cent and you can do this right now. You can try. Well, if you were buying cookies out there, I guess you Maybe you should try to Lower your transaction fee and my last metric would be the average transaction amount This is almost the same for Bitcoin and Bitcoin cash and once again, we'll try to Deep dig a little deeper The median is once again the same But at the 10th percentile we start to see the difference here between Bitcoin and Bitcoin cash So as you can see 10% of all transaction Transactions which happen on the Bitcoin cash blockchain are less than $1 in amount And if we switch to first percentile, we can see that 1% of all transactions are less For less than 10 cents and that's not the case for Bitcoin because of these enormous fees And this is why Bitcoin cash Well, it is right now open many new possibilities. Well, right like Tipping on Reddit liking posts on the yours network, which is not currently possible on the Bitcoin blockchain And as you can see it is used right now. So the Bitcoin Bitcoin cash is not about future It's about now everyone can use it now to innovate So I believe that Bitcoin cash Maybe it's has its own problems. Well, like Bitcoin, but Bitcoin cash has a Bright future and it most certainly closer to the original Satoshi's vision than Bitcoin. Thank you Thank you to Kita All right, well, I will break right through your questions if you have yep, we have time for a few quick questions. Here you go Hi, great presentation. I actually like your website. I was using it for Bitcoin stuff before I got into Bitcoin cash It was so amazing But I have a question. I'm still kind of really thinking about this RBF stuff Do you see any transactions that are chosen by miners that are not the first transaction? Yes In Bitcoin cash in Bitcoin cash now. Well, but that happens a lot in Bitcoin. Yeah But in Bitcoin cash, you never see any transactions that are chosen by Miners who use it specifically analyze that but we didn't see that. Okay. Okay. And do you see any zero-fee transactions? Yes. Yes, there are a lot of zero-fee transactions on the Bitcoin cash blockchain Well, that's sometimes is the case for Bitcoin. You can filter using block chair You can filter transactions by fees and you can just input zero and to find all the transactions with zero fees and Calculate the amount of such transactions Okay, sorry, I just I really like what you did and one more I'm kind of worried about the altruism part of Bitcoin cash that they're Expecting miners to not change the code and use the official code and not look for high fees So if if the first transactions are chosen They couldn't somebody make a transaction with a really low fee and Then you know, they have a zero-conf transaction go by a cookie and it never actually gets a Mind like is not a problem. Well, the first thing is I believe that miners are quite lazy They are using most of them are using just default settings. So It's up to developers at this point and I believe that Bitcoin cash developers has great ideas about how to do this so Zero confirmation transactions are really a thing Okay, it's a secure thing. You got to Any other questions? Okay. I wanted a back. Thanks big fan of the website the Metrics are really really important What in your view is the most important metric for the survival and success of a blockchain? And if there isn't a single One could you combine them in a certain way to come up with a formula for that? Well, I believe it's user adoption Well, and you can't put it in a formula. So well, it's the natural process which either happens or it doesn't happen All right with that let's go to coffee and give the key to a good send-off. Thank you very much, Nikita


the state of clean energy, I'm your host, Mitch Ewan. Our underwriter is the Hawaii Energy Policy Forum, and that's a program of the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute. And I'm pleased to welcome back for a return engagement. He did such a good job last show. Adam Strubeck from, he's a graduate assistant at the Hawaii Energy Policy Forum, and we're going to have another talk story time about bipartisan infrastructure law. This law has allocated $550 billion, get that billion dollars, to find a variety of things that Adam is going to tell us about. Adam has done the heavy lifting of going through all this legislation and making it easier to find programs that may apply to you, our listeners out there. So after the show, you can always go to the Hawaii Energy Policy Forum web page, where you'll see many more details, but pop level stuff. We're going to let Adam tell us what it's all about. So there's gold in them on our heels. Adam, welcome back to the show. Great. Thanks for having me back on, Mitch. I had a great time a couple weeks ago. I'm excited to dive back into the federal policy. I'm glad you do. So anyway, let's talk a little bit. How about introducing the bill itself and tell us what it means. It's gone through a variety of names, but let's just go with the first slide and you can talk about it. Sure. Well, what we're talking about today is the bipartisan infrastructure law, also known as the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. This bill was actually passed last year in August of 2021. So since then, we've seen a number of programs get created and actually get off the ground and get running. So it's interesting that we're able to see the effects of where this money is going and what new programs are being created. That's great. Well, let's throw up the next slide. It's $550 billion. I think I said that in the intro. So let's talk a little bit about this. Right. So this is $550 billion in new federal investment. And there's three key areas that I wanted to discuss, those being infrastructure, resilience and transportation. So infrastructure, sorry, infrastructure, we are really talking about our highways, bridges, ports, airports, and then some not so common things that people think about when they hear infrastructure such as internet and water access. So there's quite a lot of money allocated to internet for underserved communities here in Hawaii. And I want to point out that down in during COVID, there are some, as long as they're not being Oahu-centric, like on the big island, there are areas that don't have very good if any internet availability. So like during COVID, I know down in the Puna area, for example, the kids couldn't get their online training because they didn't get any signal. So the community kind of ad-libbed a little bit and got like trucks to come in with hot spots so that the kids could gather around and go online and get some of their lessons. But nevertheless, this is what they need. It's not just the kids, it's also businesses, you know, they need to be able to operate and wouldn't it be great if you could operate from your home in Puna? I'm just using that as an example, but there's other black spots out there. And people are a lot more people are working from home. It's pretty hard to work from home if you don't have any internet connection. And one other thought I had was medical support, like people who have medical conditions, I mean, it's really handy here on Oahu to go online and check out your symptoms and all that. But if you don't have an internet connection, you can't do that. So that makes it harder. It means you have to go into town and go to the doctor and, you know, it's a real hassle. So there's many really good benefits from improving our internet system. And also, let's not forget cybersecurity now because everybody's trying to attack our systems. So let's talk a little bit about resilience, the resilience thing there. Sure. So resilience funding is specifically for floodplain management, FEMA, and like you mentioned, cybersecurity. But there's a lot of different ways in which we use resilience, which we'll get into later. But generally speaking, the funding for resilience is how we bounce back from emergencies. We're going to see probably more intense storms due to climate change, sea level rise. So it's really critical that we have this funding to help adapt and mitigate some of those problems that we're going to encounter. And the next little bullet you had there was the transportation. So what's in this bill for transportation? Right. So primarily in this bill is funding for electric vehicle charging networks. The administration is putting a big focus on creating an electric vehicle charging corridor along major roadways. And hopefully that'll speed our transition to being able to use more electric vehicles, not just for individuals, but for also schools, commercial trucking, and a lot of government agencies that have so many vehicles converting those over to EVs and being able to charge them all. Yeah, I recall D-bed was quite proactive on this. I give a little shout out to D-bed and Margaret Larson, who's actually just gone back to the mainland, but she was responsible for identifying these corridors in Hawaii. And that was like three or four years ago. I recall, you know, we talked about corridors on the big island and also not only just electric vehicles, but also a hydrogen, I had to get a hydrogen plug in there, also hydrogen corridors. So hats off to Margaret. So that means like we're ready to go, basically, you know what the corridors are, and it'll make it easier for us to get these, this infrastructure in place. So let's move on to the next slide, which is like, what's in the name? And what, so what is in the name here, Adam? Right. So last, last week we talked about the Inflation Reduction Act, which is sort of a very contentious name. I think this bill is a little more aptly named, but I wanted to point out that it was originally came from the American Jobs Plan, which was put out by President Biden. And there was a bipartisan committee that debated the infrastructure portions of that jobs plan. And after months of negotiating, we finally landed on what was passed as the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. And this has been lumped together with some other authorizing bills to sort of form this bipartisan infrastructure package. So that's sort of what we're referring to when we're talking about the BIL. Yeah, and it's interesting to see how the name of a bill can change over time, but a lot of times the content will stay the same. Yeah, really. So let's look at slide four and tell us a little bit more about all these bills that got vacuumed up into the top-level bills. So how about opening the Kimono here on these bills for us, Adam, and tell us what they are. Sure. Well, the first two are very similar, the Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act and the Surface Transportation Investment Act. They both have to do with the Highway Trust Fund, which is run through the Department of Transportation. And those are primarily for servicing, repairing, and expanding our major motorways. Also, there's funding for, like I mentioned, commercial trucking and converting stuff like school buses over to electric and hydrogen. Oh, thanks for that plug. I like that. Next is the Drinking Water and Waste Water Infrastructure Act. This primarily has to do with sewer overflows and storm water management, which has a lot of implications for climate change as we may see more intense periods of rainfall, more flash flooding, and also more need to purify our drinking water. So this involves protecting forests that act as watersheds and filter our drinking water for us. So one other big issue we have here in Hawaii that, you know, it's kind of, we've been kicking the can down the road for many, many years, and that's cesspools. Like on the Big Island, I think they have 80,000 cesspools, which is essentially just a hole in the ground where the sewage collects, and that can get into a dozen gets into the groundwater and the aquifers. And so it's polluting, but it's going to cost a heck of a lot of money to convert those over to proper wastewater facilities. And that's why the can gets kicked down the road, because we didn't have the money to do it. So theoretically, if we have this kind of funding becoming available, we're going to start stop kicking the can down the road and start repairing our infrastructure and getting it right. I think we're under a consent agreement or decree here on Oahu, where our major sewage or wastewater treatment plants basically are throwing, you know, they treat it up to a certain point, but it goes out the ocean, but it doesn't mean it doesn't meet the EPA standards. So we've been under that sort of damocles for a long time. So now here's a chance to really get after it and do something about it. And we'll move on to my little thing. Maybe I said something wrong. I'm sure I'll hear about it if I did. But that's my understanding of the situation. And I think this is a great opportunity for us to start getting our infrastructure right. Right. And finally, among those authorizing bills is the Energy Infrastructure Act. So this is the major funding towards the Department of Energy. And that includes energy supply chains, carbon capture and storage. And interesting is some ecosystem restoration, which kind of ties into the drinking water as well. So there is some overlap among these bills, which is pretty common with federal legislation. But that's because the funding is going to different agencies and sometimes different agencies are doing similar activities. I think when we were talking about this show, we talked about critical materials, critical raw materials. I think that's in what part of that are we in, in the Energy Infrastructure Act as well? Yes. So that's a big part of establishing the security of the energy system domestically. The bill establishes programs to support supply chains for clean energy technologies. And part of clean energy technology is these rare earth minerals that are used in batteries. So if we can ensure that the US has a robust production and recycling system for these rare materials, then we'll be that much better off when we go to implement large scale electric vehicle use. Well, yeah, as we discussed previously, critical raw materials, it's not just hard to find stuff. It's like things like copper and tin and all these other metals that we use that are harder and harder to extract. So we have to mine more and more rock to get the actual material out of it. So that means a lot more work, a lot more energy expanded, a lot more waste. And of course, that drives the cost of it. So reading on the internet that you used to be able to find a big boulder that was like solid copper. Now you're down to the granular size. And I remember in my previous life, I was supporting some of the big mines out in Arizona. And I went to the quarry or to the mine, and they had these huge piles of crushed rock that had a copper in them. And then they would flow an acid through it to leach the copper out and then run an electrolyzer to separate the copper from the electrolyte or from the acid. Whereas before, they didn't have to do that. It was just the natural occurring metal. So it's a heck of an issue. And we only have a limited amount of it, and it means everything's going to go up in cost. So it's good that we go after that and look at substitution, what other things can we do, and certainly recycling to capture the raw materials or the processed raw materials so we can reuse them. Right. And the better we are at recycling, the less we'll have to do more mining for these materials. Yeah. So let's go on to slide five, which is talking about resilience itself. So let's talk about resilience. What does it mean to start with Adam? Right. So resilience has been a big theme in both the bipartisan infrastructure law and the Inflation Reduction Act. Resilience has sort of become this buzzword used in planning and policy. I think similar to how the word sustainability has been used over the past few years. I think what's important about discussing resilience and getting drilling down to the real meaning is thinking about both the scale and the context at which it's being used. For example, an individual, community, business, city, or even country could be considered resilient. But resilience is also often discussed in different contexts, like infrastructure resilience, energy system resilience, food security resilience, and even resilience of humans to diseases like COVID and communities fighting back against COVID. Yeah, exactly. And part of resilience is trying to identify what your vulnerabilities are. So that's the other flip side. I think we were discussing that before the show is, you have to analyze what am I vulnerable to? Like a tsunami or a hurricane or whatever. And then how's my infrastructure going to cope with all of that? For example, one of the big topics we had during the legislative briefing earlier this year was about looking at our port security. Because if the port shuts down, we don't have a lot of extra stuff, food materials, to keep our economy going. I think we have about two weeks supply of food here on the island. So if all of a sudden, some big storm wipes out our grid and our ability to offload and unload ships, we're in big trouble. And so we have to address that and have some kind of a plan and backup resilience built into the infrastructure so that we can cope with that. Right. I think when a lot of people consider infrastructure, they just think roads and bridges. But here in Hawaii, what's really important is our ports and airports because those are where connect us to the global supply chains and keep our economy going. Let's look at the next slide, number six, which talks a little bit more granular about what these elements are, certainly the energy infrastructure. So tell us about this, Adam. Right. So primarily the Energy Infrastructure Act provides funding to the Department of Energy, the DOE. And it will start 60 new Department of Energy programs. That's a lot of programs. And that's within demonstration, deployment, and R&D. So I'll give an example for the three bullet points. So for reliability and resilience of the grid, there's a grid resilience and innovation partnership program which acts to prevent outages and provides grants to states and tribes to improve the resilience of their energy grids. For the domestic clean energy supply chains, an example program would be the Advanced Clean Energy Manufacturing and Recycling Grant program. This is like what we talked about about expanding domestic battery supply chains and recycling rare earth minerals. There's even a new program for establishing a rare earth element demonstration facility. And this is an example of a program that's open for universities to apply to. So it'll be interesting to see who ends up getting a lot of this funding. So you talked about three programs. How can we get a window on all 60 of these programs? That's a lot of programs to get a handle on. What's the best way to do that? Right. So the information is available on the Department of Energy website, but we've also sorted out into different categories on the Hawaii Energy Policy Forum website. So if you're interested in a particular area, say batteries or hydrogen or even resilience, you can find the programs that fit within that context on our website. And just tell us what our website is, so everybody knows. Right. So we are the Hawaii Energy Policy Forum and that is, we're nested within the University of Hawaii at Manoa website. So I believe it's manoa.edu slash HEPF. Great. And I see that ThinkTech is right on the ball. Let me put up a little flag. And so I'm sure we'll be able to advertise that a lot. But basically, for our audience out there, Adam's done the heavy lifting on sifting through all this information. And at the Policy Forum, we're trying to make it really easy for you to find this stuff so that you don't have to read these huge volumes and try to figure it all out. So we've done a lot of the work for you and thanks, Adam, for doing that. That's your Ataboy. So let's go on to the next slide. Seven. Right. So like I mentioned earlier, the funding is in the process of being distributed. There's been a good amount that's come to Hawaii since the act passed last year in August. So far we've received about $600 million here in Hawaii. But this is the expected funding just based on a formula calculation. So we're supposed to receive $1.5 billion for our roads and bridges, $100 million for internet coverage. And that is in relation to the affordable connectivity program, which I think you were mentioning earlier. And then also funding for public transport and ensuring the resiliency of our ports here in Hawaii. I don't expect some of that public transport money to go to battery electric buses and fuel cell electric buses. I've already seen that on the Big Island, but where the Mass Transit Agency just won $23 million from the Federal Transit Administration for six new fuel cell buses. And other islands have won money from that same program for battery electric buses. And I think that also means that Oahu also got several buses. I just don't know how many, but that's a real shot in the arm. And that's, this is a good thing. And so let's go to slide eight. So this is a resource that I wanted to share with viewers. This is from the General Services Administration website. And it's an interactive map where you can see what funding is going to what states. And you can also see where the individual projects are. But I just wanted to show on this slide that Hawaii has received about $600 million. And that really pales in comparison to some of the other states like California, Texas and New York, but part of its population and representation in government. So it's up to Hawaii as sort of a small state to advocate for as much funding as possible. And my understanding is this keeps on regenerating itself as new funds become available. So it's not static, correct? That's correct. As new projects are developed and awarded grants and loans from the government, this page is updated with the funding total. So let's look at the next slide, slide nine. So this is more local and gets the girls down a little bit. So let's talk about the slide. Right. So these points on the map are locations to where that $600 million is allocated. I also wanted to include the Mariana Islands, Guam, and American Samoa. Just because at the Hawaii Energy Policy Forum, we do take a specific approach. We're not just focused solely on Hawaii. But if you hover over the different projects on the website, you're able to see what they are. And there's also an Excel sheet that you can download and get a full list of the projects. I wanted to point out a couple notable ones. If you look at the Big Island, there's four dots on the Big Island, both the Hilo and Kona airports, and then also a forest restoration project at Kohala. So the Kohala project runs through the Department of Labor and Natural Resources, the DLNR. And I think it's a really good example of the coordination between state and federal funding because the state was able to allocate some money and then that was used for matching from the federal government. So without the state money, it's hard to get money from the federal government because all these grant programs usually require a matching component. Yeah, it all depends on what the program, how much of the match is. Like for the hydrogen hop project is 50%. But for like the low no program, that $23 million that the Big Island got, it's like a 5% match for infrastructure and 10% for the buses. So that's perfectly doable. Whereas 50% is a lot harder if you're going for $400 million and have to cough up $400 million, that's harder, much harder. And it has to be non-federal money. So anyway, let's go on to slide 10. We're getting down to our ultimate slide and the major takeaways. So we're kind of summarizing now what we've been talking about for the last half hour. So take it away, Adam. Sure. So I think overall the bipartisan infrastructure law is a large investment in our federal transportation and infrastructure. It does sort of raise questions about how the funds are allocated, as we saw there's sort of a disproportionate allocation among the states. So we're still trying to parse out how that money is being divvied out to states and what the best way for states to claim as much money as possible is. But in conjunction with the Recently Passed Inflation and Reduction Act, the BIL provides a framework for the clean energy transition in Hawaii.  Okay. Well, let's throw up the last slide, which tells people how they can once again access the Policy Forum webpage so they can get a lot of this information that Adam has been working on. And we're trying to make our website as user-friendly as possible. And that's Adam yet again, he's a workhorse. He does all of this for us. So he's doing a great job. So anyway, in closing, we're going to have to leave it there because we're out of time. We breeze through like 29 and a half minutes pretty fast. So you've been watching Hawaii, the State of Clean Energy on Think Tech Hawaii and part of the Energy Policy Forum program with Adam Strubeck, who is a graduate assistant to research assistant with the University of Hawaii's Energy Policy Forum. And today we've been talking story about the bipartisan infrastructure law how it will impact Hawaii and you. So we encourage you to visit the Policy Forum website to get the more details. I'm hitting that a lot. And thank you Adam for all your good work. And thanks to our viewers for tuning in. And I'm Mitch Yuan, we'll be back in two weeks with another edition of Hawaii, the State of Clean Energy. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn and donate to us at thinktechhawaii.com. Mahalo.