I'm the senior transit planner with GMT. I have been at GMT for just about a year and a half now and I've been working on Next Gen for the whole time that I'm here. My name is Devin Mason. I'm a transit planner with women on the transit. I've also been here for about a year and a half and my primary function is ridership, passenger counting, assistance and then various other projects. Great, so not a large turnout. Last time we had a meeting here at CVMC, I think we had over 40 people show up. So luckily Orca is here videoing us today and that will be shared. If you send us the link for this video, I'd be happy to put it on our website afterward. So the agenda is we're gonna talk a little bit about the history of the project, where we are now, a summary of the changes and then some exciting new mobile ticketing and real vehicle location apps that we are introducing in this area. So what is Next Gen? It's a comprehensive service improvement plan, which is a lot of words meaning we needed to take a step back and look at all of our service. GMT has been through a lot of changes. In the past 10 years, we used to be CCT in Chittenden County and GMTA in the rural area. They merged five years ago, I wanna say. And so we wanted to take a look back. How can we do that systems thinking, system-wide connectivity? So the big push with this project is we wanna help, always the balance in public transit is helping the most people and helping the people who need it the most. So with those two weights on the scale, how can we provide the best service to the people who need it and the people who need it most? Of course, always transit agency. We really wanna increase ridership and better balance services with demand. So originally, this project had different scenarios based on levels of funding. If level funding, 10%, 20% dream big kind of projects, we quickly realized that level funding was the more realistic scenario. So we turned it into phases because we didn't wanna lose all that good research we had done. So phase two is kind of a two to three year, what additional hours and days can we put on existing routes, so more trips and more of the time and on weekends. And phase three is gonna be future expansion. Thanks, Dan. I think we got some. Hi there. Yes, I am. So phase three is geographic expansion. So we looked a lot at what little more roots, what quarters of activity can we pull into the system? But that's kind of big picture, 10 years out. That's gonna be based on public interest in the service and funding availability. So this project started in September of 2017. Any project like this, you kinda start with big concepts. So the concepts were serving more people, better ridership, making the system easier to use. And you bring that up for public feedback and you get kind of more specific steps and then you bring those specific steps out and to the public and then you get even a more refined plan. So here we are three to four months away from implementation and we're bringing these very specific steps out to the public. So the purpose of this meeting is to get your feedback to inform you what our proposed changes are and to get feedback on those proposed changes. So we will be presenting this to the board later this month but what we'll be presenting to the board is this plan with the public feedback about this plan. So there is still room to make those small changes based on your public feedback tonight. Now the implementation is still a bit fuzzy. There's a Taylor 1 transit center opening up on Taylor Street currently slated for September. So there's a lot of moving pieces that all need to come into place for this service to be implemented but we're currently thinking sometime in September is when this is most likely to be introduced. So again, easy use. One of the things I'll be talking about later is real-time vehicle location with an app that works. Better service, single seat service from Bury to National Life on the city route. In the original proposal, we proposed eliminating service to CCV in the pool. You know, we met with CCV, we met with the nature branch, we really heard the comments there and we found a way to continue service, improve service, hourly service all day to CCV. And the pool. What pool is that? I guess there's like a rec field up there across from the college. Not the blind lady. Oh, you have a pool. Okay, I did not come out first of fitness pool. So addition of fixed route service to Hannaford and Bury, so that's on an extension of the city route. Increased service to hospital hill area, which I'll be talking a little bit more about in the following slides. Bidirectional service on airport road. One thing that we're also looking at is better commuter schedules. We did a really in-depth dive in one of the commuter routes that serves Chittenden County. And we found that just by tweaking a little bit, we were able to increase ridership by 30%. So we're really interested in doing that with this area. Meeting with, you know, business owners and seeing if we can get the shifts to work. But we do need a lot of responses to make sure that we're not gonna disadvantage any riders, current riders, by making these changes. So throughout this presentation, I'll be pushing you to come to our website and fill out some commuter surveys. If you have any interest in those services or use them or know anybody who does, do please share this, that's really valuable. Another thing that I'll be touching on briefly is an addition of the Barrie Link Express. I don't actually have that added to the map yet, a relatively new service. It's very similar to Montpelier Link Express, but it goes directly to the new state office complex in Barrie and the switch to paratransit. So what is paratransit? Currently, it's a requirement that we provide ADA level of service, sorry, the same level of service to ADA passengers to non-ADA passengers. How this works, set up to a three quarters of a mile from a fixed route, so not commuters, just fixed route, you know, every day fixed route, the bus will deviate. So the person will call in advance, there's a limit of two per route and the bus will deviate up to three quarters of a mile to that person's door. We're moving away from that into paratransit, which is still the same buffer zone, but it will be a single occupancy vehicle or a little minivan with the driver going and doing. So there's no limit to the amount of deviations that will be happening, not deviations, but trips that are, there's no limit to the amount of trips that are happening today, but there will be a limit on who qualifies. So in Chittenden County, we have SSTA and there's qualification process for who can use the service and we'll be implementing a similar qualification process in this region, not Memorial or Franklin Grand Isle, just this capital region service district. Unfortunately, we don't, you know, hopefully in the next week or two, we will have that link to how people can start to get signed up, but we have just a brief description here of who might be eligible based on this process. If you cannot independently, except for the assistance of a bus driver operating a Lyft, board, ride, or disembark from an accessible GMT bus due to a disability, or if you are unable to travel to or from a bus stop or wait a reasonable period of time at a bus stop due to a disability. So since these changes are proposed to happen in the next two to three months, we will be beginning the onboarding process very soon. Luckily, we did an outreach project with Vermont Center for Independent Living and the Central Vermont Regional Planning District and we were able to get a really great pool of potential riders and also contact information for a lot of potential riders and so we're gonna be reaching out in the coming weeks and starting the onboarding process. So just to go over the route by route changes, I wanna talk a little bit about the current service. So we have, I think five fixed rooms. We have Montpelier Hospital Hill, which travels from Montpelier to the Hospital Hill region. Berry Hospital Hill similarly travels through Berry on Airport Road and then back on the highway. We have the city route and city commuter, which is the main commuter between Montpelier and Berry and we have the Montpelier circulator, which does two kind of funky, it's like a figure eight, it does two loops throughout the day. We used to have a seasonal service called the Capitol Shuttle, which only operated during the legislative session. Last year we tried it year round, pretty fairly low ridership outside of the legislative session, but that travels just between the state house and national life. For commuters, we have the US2 commuter, which travels up to St. Johnsbury, the Northfield commuter down to Northfield, the link service into Burlington. I feel like I'm forgetting one, but I think that's it. And now the Berry Link service, which similarly, Burlington, Richmond, Waterbury, Berry City. So some of the proposed changes would be to eliminate 88 Capitol Shuttle. We'll be extending the city route. Currently, city route goes just from Montpelier and what we've heard a lot of is that single seat service from Berry to national life, AKA I live in Berry. I'm trying to get to national life. I don't want to have to get off the bus downtown and transfer. So we're extending the route from Hanifurt down in South Berry up to national life and back. And then we'll just do that all day. When do you anticipate that going into effect? So this is all, again, the start date is fuzzy, but September is the most likely start date. And then you've got regular service from Berry to Hanifurt now, that's a proposal. Yes. So route 92, currently there's a midday gap in service. We'd be eliminating that. So it would be all day service, simplified routing. So we're getting rid of that funky figure eight that it does. You know, if you've ever seen the bus mapping guide, it says loop one, loop two. It's just gonna be a loop now. Service to Northern Montpelier and CCV, you know, by request up to the North Branch Nature Center will be provided by an extension of the Montpelier Hospital Hill route. And then we're gonna talk about, we are actually considering two scenarios from the Montpelier circulator. And we're really interested in getting your feedback on those two scenarios. So we're gonna do a little bit deeper dive later. Route 89, city commuter and route 80, again, extended to serve national life. All trips would serve the price chopper plaza and 45 minute headways all day. Currently during peak hours, we do have 30 minute headways, but we found that by going to consistent, you know, instead of 30 on peak, 75 minute, we actually can provide more trips for the same cost. And looking at the load profiles, there's actually the same, there isn't more demand during peak hours in less than the middle of the day. It's the same amount of demand all day. So 45 minute service all day is what we're looking at now. When you say headway, can you explain the term headway? So headway is how often that bus is gonna show up at any stop. It's just how frequently the bus runs. So that's a sort of a 45 minute cycle, is it? Yeah. So hospital hill, northern extension to CCV pool. This is actually incorrect. It's the city route that would be serving the Haniford. So for the hospital hill area of service, you can see that this is all the same green hallway. So instead of Montpelier hospital hill and Berry hospital hill, it would just be Montpelier hospital hill via this region. Basically what it's gonna look like is we're gonna have two buses and all day long they're gonna be just doing this. But when they reach this hospital hill region, they're gonna be on demand for 15 minutes.  So it's- I'm gonna use the Berry bus when it travels from Berry and goes to hospital hill. It travels on the- It ends up going down Granger Road, but so will it still take that loop? So our current proposal is to have it just be on this airport road. Airport? But again in the winter, I understand that this hill right here is really steep and it needs to be rerouted. So that's something we're considering. You do always wanna have a route go on the same road both ways. We're not sure that it's possible on this route. So it might continue having that heads out this way and it heads in this way. We're not sure yet. That's something that we're working on. But this is gonna be similar to how there was Berry Hospital Hill demand response. It's kind of a demand response zone. If any of you are familiar with that region, it's lots of little- Well, there's obviously CVMC the biggest, but there's all these little places that people wanna go on kind of gravel dirt back roads. So serving that with classic transit is really difficult because first off, there's small gravel roads. Second off, they're just kind of, they're not in a corridor. They're all kind of spread out in this area. So we feel that by offering this kind of, start a Montpelier or you start in Berry, and then there's these two buses kind of picking people and dropping people off as needed for every, for 15 minutes out of every hour, it's gonna be really kind of that better on demand service for people who, I got a call from a woman who wanted to use the Aquatic Center, but she lived in Montpelier and the bus wouldn't take her directly to the Aquatic Center. Now she'll be able to get on in Montpelier and get dropped off and picked up right at the Aquatic Center. On demand, does that mean calling? I've forgotten. Yes. So we'll be using dispatch software. The calling ahead like we do now for, if you wanna get dropped off at, first of fitness or Aquatic, you call ahead. Is that on demand?  And he'll kind of have, in order, one person needs to get dropped off here, three people need to get up, but for being picked up. Yeah, thank you. So I know you said that you like to stay on the same road going one way in the reverse, but there are individuals from Northbury Manor that get served this way, but others that will be at Green Acres, which is right off from Prospect, that don't have a direct line to that bus route. I'm just wondering if you had a way that it was more of a loop rather than just up and down the same access that you could actually expand on that location. So I'm not familiar with where that is, so I can't speak to it, but I'd love to touch base with you after and see if there's a way we can serve that property. Commuter service. So a couple of commuter services proposed. One is for Route 83, Waterbury Commuter, which travels between Montpelier and Waterbury. We'd wanna shift service onto the highway from Middlesex to Montpelier. So the original proposal was to switch it to 86 for the whole route and cut out Middlesex, but Middlesex is actually a pretty high percentage of the riders on that route, so we don't wanna get rid of service, but the thinking here is Route 2 can be in pretty poor disrepair. It's not a very nice commute, so this way we're not losing any stops, but it's a bit of a smoother ride for that distance between Middlesex and Montpelier. For the 86, we're looking at adjusting the schedules to better balance loads based on commuter surveys. I'm not confident that we have done enough commuter surveys to make sure that we're not disadvantageing anyone. So again, a really big push if you use the 86 or know anybody that does do please take the survey. It only takes a couple of minutes. For Route 93, the Northfield Commuter, there was the original proposal to discontinue the midday trip due to very low ridership. I'm not sure where we are at with that. I know there's been a bit of controversy, so I don't feel comfortable speaking to this now, but we are in talks with the select board and the town and there's been a lot of public comments. So that's something that we're still looking into. And again, adjusting the times based on commuter surveys. So other changes, we have the 87 Northfield Community Shuttle, which travels down Route 12 and then up to the mall, serving a lot of people who need this service once a week just to get to the store. Based on public feedback, we will now be servicing the shaws in addition to the mall, but you will have to pick either destination. In other words, you can't go to both on the same trick because it picks people up, it drops people off, and then an hour later it picks people back up again. So not enough time to go to both locations, but we did hear that very much. They would like to add the shaws. So I'd like to talk about the circulator trade-offs a bit more. Again, going back to the conversation we were having before about how it's always better to have service along the same way. So the, I don't know where my slide was talking about. Okay, so my gut is that we're gonna stick with loop service because the trade-off is with a loop, it's just less convenient because, you know, if you imagine a circle, I'm here, I'm here, I'm always gonna have to travel around the circle versus a straight line, right? So it's just a little bit harder to get around. You're always gonna have a little bit of a longer commute. But the trade-off is better service. So if you go to the line, you're losing geographic area, but you're getting better service versus having a loop, worse service, but more geographic area. But since the original plan, you know, proposed moving to this bi-directional service, we wanted to give you all the chance to comment. So this is what the loop service would look like. Again, moving away from that kind of figure eight that it was doing before, with the North no longer being served by the loop, it can be served by Montpelier Hospital Hill Route versus bi-directional where we would cut off service to Hunger Mountain Cova, Freedom Drive, and the Senior Center, and it would just do this all day downtown. So a better East-West connection through the town, but losing a bit of Southern service. So is it the purple line we're looking at there? The purple line, yeah. That would be cut? The purple line would be cut, but you see this little Southern part that goes down to Freedom Drive, Hunger Mountain Cova. These are the two scenarios that we're looking at. So we wanna know if you would rather keep Freedom Drive, Hunger Mountain Cova, Senior Center free prospect with the knowledge that it's just not as good service on the rest of the line, right? So you don't have that East-West connection. What you have instead is this loop that the circulator is doing. You would have less service from downtown to national life because it's going this way. You'd only have service from national life to State Street. On this route, that service will be provided by the extension of City Route, but I think the headways are, again, it would be 45-minute headways. So going from this would be closer to 20-minute headways anytime you're working at national life and you walk out the door, the bus would come in 20 minutes and you could get downtown. This would look more like 45-minute headways all day. So thanks to only a couple of folks. I'm just gonna go through the rest. And then I thought if there's any comments or feedback you wanna leave about this loop service, the best way is to just leave notes on the map and we will be collecting all of those and counting those as public comments. Can I ask a question about this? Yeah. Why was the decision made to go up College Street rather than keeping the senior center and the Colvin Shaw's move? Yeah. So we were just looking at how do we maximize service area with a given headway? And I believe the headway was 30 minutes. You know, you're always constrained by how far can the bus get in a certain amount of time and stay on schedule? And so that really was the constraint with routing. And so you're making some assumptions based on analysis, based on origin destination, based on public feedback. Where do people wanna go the most? These decisions were based on that and also based literally how many people show up at each stop every day. So Hunger Mountain Coal Off on average two people, Freedom Drive in the summer average two people, in the fall and winter average three people, senior center, daily average zero, three prospect, daily average zero. Rick, I'll do one question. With the change to the Taylor Street location as the primary transits and stop, right now it's shown as Shaw's on here. That is incorrect. I know, I know it will be, yeah, in the future, but what's the, do you see any scenario where, because this route right now here on the bi-directional doesn't even go through Shaw's, nor is the show going through Taylor Street. So is there like a transfer happening at like? Yeah, so. What's the, I'm getting to a different busses once. So Taylor Street. Yeah. Love this call. So Taylor Street is right here. And it's, you know, 50 feet or so from State Street. So there is a, this is kind of the most popular stop on State Street. So we first see if we go to bi-directional, you know, the stop would be here and people could walk down here to the buses that are traveling this way on Taylor Street. Makes good sense. Thanks. So I'm confused, but are they still gonna stop if the Shaw's is still gonna be there for now? Correct. Okay. So the Shaw's is not a good stop. And I think you've probably all experienced that. Taylor One Street is gonna be a building. There's gonna be indoor waiting. There's gonna be, you know, a lot more information available about when the next bus is coming, what the maps are. So it wasn't quite clear what the timeline was gonna be when these maps were originally made. So I apologize that they don't, all routes are, all routes barring this, circulator are gonna be traveling through Taylor Street, Taylor Street Bidge in order to serve that transit hub.  Maybe it's too soon to say this, but how does a disabled person that got their groceries at Shaw's, I'm hoping they're still going to be able to get a bus right nearby and they may not be able to walk well over to Taylor Street. I mean, I just wanna make, I'm concerned with people who have disabilities being able to carry their groceries. Yeah. So we do want to serve that population as best we can. And that's a good comment. I'm gonna take that to heart. With the move to paratransit, you're gonna, if you qualify for paratransit services, you can take the bus to and from any location on these fixed routes.  So it'd be that door-to-door service and you wouldn't be walking anywhere. You wouldn't be getting on these main fixed route buses, in other words. And that would be like a first come, first serve, like, because there might be a lot of people needing to utilize the calling and setting it up. So if, you know, there might not be access for a person on a certain day if there's other people ahead of them. Yeah, so I apologize. I'm not 100% on the ADA requirements, but I believe it is we have an hour or two window to meet all demands. So there's no waiting line. In other words, if we switch to paratransit, then we will provide this service as needed. And one difference with paratransit is as long as you call the day ahead, it doesn't have to be two days ahead. If we have great amount of transits, normal end of calling time is just gonna be about 4.30, I can't remember. As long as you call by then, you can, in all five of the paratransit, you can get picked up whenever the bus starts, not today, it's six o'clock. Oh, okay. It's a very short. And it will be not a bus, though, you said it would be. Well, whatever the person needs. If they need an accessible vehicle with wheelchair, that's what would come. If they don't need that, a mail. Yeah, question in the back? No? Okay. I'm just curious, what's the yellow route or the yellow line? The yellow route is the city route. So that's Montpelier to Barrie. And here you can see we've extended it up to National Life. Okay, so some exciting new things is updated bus mapping guides. Here's just an example of what the new bus mapping guides look like. To this version in Chittenden County, we'll be moving to this version in this region. You can tell that there's just a lot more context. And to be honest, this one isn't finished yet. There's still a lot more detail that needs to be added, but I wanted to use an example from this region for this region. So another thing that we're looking at is, I think there's enough space to put every single stop on this map. So you don't have to be so familiar where you know where every bus stop is. There'll be these maps in the bus mapping guides that let you know where you can and can't get picked up. Is this the future route in September or the existing one? This is the proposed future route that goes from National Life and the extension down to Hannaford, yeah.  So for example, if you are on that section by Hannaford, but you wanted to be dropped off at the city pool, because in the future, there might be more of a demand for that, or very internal medicine, because that is the proposed location where the merged two locations for the Granite City practice is going. Yeah, so there'll be stop here where the medical center and the pool is. We're looking at putting a stop in here by the high school, but that's a pretty tricky. There's a bridge and there's not a sidewalk. So we're thinking that the Dollar General might be the closest stop there. But this, so generally transit maps, these are just time points since there isn't enough space, these doesn't. So what we're looking at is putting all the stops in if there's space. It's always that balance between enough information and too much, but definitely more information than the old version. Just one other question. You said there's service now to Hannaford's, but is that daily? September, right? September. Well, I thought somebody made a statement that there's service to Hannaford's now. They're not gonna realize it. There is not a fixed-truth service to Hannaford's. There is a shopping shuttle, which is that one a week that goes down to Williamstown. But the proposed would be fixed-truth. Correct. Okay, that's the clarification. So other technology improvements, and let me preface this by saying we're not taking any options away. Cash fare, buying tickets, all bus mapping guides, we're not taking any of that away, but we are trying to add, again, a big push, make it more convenient, make it as easy as possible for people to use the bus. The state contracted with a company called Transit, and you all can download this app now called Transit. For real-time vehicle location, I'm at a stop. One is the next bus coming. It'll let you know. I don't have the picture. Maybe I do farther down. Nope, I don't. I used to have a picture of what the app would look like. Like, I think I took it out. So there's an app called Transit. I highly encourage you all to download it if you are a smartphone user. Right now, we have mobile ticketing. They're not the same app, but in the upcoming months, it'll all be in the same app.  There's a little bubble in the corner. It says buy a ticket, and you can just buy a ticket. That's really great for people who don't carry cash, which is more and more people these days. You don't have to plan ahead to ride the bus. All sorts of ticket options will be available. It also gives you the opportunity to buy a ticket for someone else and send it to them using text messaging or email. So, you know, if you want to buy a ticket for your friend or your uncle, or if you're throwing a conference at CVMC and you want people attending the conference to be able to ride the bus, that's a fun function of that as well. So feedback, again, the reason I'm here is to get your all's opinion on this proposal. So we can be reached at feedback at ridegmt.com. If you want to view this more in detail, you can go to ridegmt.com slash next gen, where there are also commuter surveys available. Again, if you ride any of the commuters, please do take the survey. So that's all I have. Yeah. Is it time for questions? Yeah. Okay. So I take a bus from Montpelier to the complex in Warbury. Okay. And I'm picked up at the top of the paper. And I've heard that it's gonna, then I can go to the top of the paper anymore, which I think we're getting more people now to take the bus to the complex. So why are you going to get there? So it was part of the original proposal to remove service to the Department of Labor, but we are not removing service to the DOL. So the bus will still serve the Department of Labor parking ride. Oh, so you changed your map? Yeah. Cool. There's maps over on the side that show the two proposals. So now I think it's a good time if you all want to engage with the maps and you have any specific questions. That's again a really great way to leave comments, John. One thing with the new Bury link that I've got some feedback from some people on, if people not necessarily who can say, or living right in downtown Bury who can walk to catch that link if they want to go to Burlington. So there's no parking rides where it's a major issue trying to utilize that bus. So I don't know if anybody's tried to come up with some ideas around that. I mean, so one thing that we are looking at is it can it serve CVMC? I know there's a parking ride on Payne Turnpike, but it's like at capacity. So that is something that we're looking at. That route was developed really quickly because V-Trans had to move out of the National Life Offices, but it's a really good service. And so it's in its infancy so we're definitely still looking at how to make it more usable for folks, yeah. How many drafts of the time intervals, like the proposed schedules? Because that would make a difference for me about whether I could switch. Yeah, so there are kind of when a service starts, when it ends, and headways are all available online. Route by route, you can kind of click through and see. And so if you just go to ridegmt.com it's kind of that big splash page at the top. You can just click on that and it'll take you here for more information. Does this presentation show up also on the ridegmt? It's not there yet, we will be posting it later, yeah. Rachel, are there paper surveys available? Because I'd be happy to put them in our writing room. Yes, that is good to hear, and I have PDF versions of all of them. Oh, very fabulous. Yeah. So I'll get your contact. Okay, that's great. Does the very link stop in Montpere or is it directed in Wellington? Directed in Wellington. Does it stop in Waterbury? Yes, Waterbury in Richmond. Again, Park and Ride, that's that capacity, but, yeah. Speaking of the, I mean, that Park and Ride on Pain Turned by Kisropost for expansion. Yeah. And I think someone parked in there for a trip in Barlinton in the north of St. Louis. Yeah. So good, hopefully we can sit back and discuss. And I repeat, Alex, that's the only thing, so the route, you know, is successful and the Park and Ride expanded all at the same time. So two questions. The first one, we had a presentation from the Vermont Medical Center about the combination of the two facilities, the grant practice and very internal medicine. The discussion was that before that happened, that there could be more route beyond-demand services. And I don't know if they discussed with you about providing those on-demand routes. So I did read a statement in the Times Argus about this changing and that was the first I heard of it. I don't know of anyone that we've spoken directly to with them about this issue. But fortuitously, there will be service now to that with the extension of the city route down to Hanover, so. And the second I'll wait until the end, because it was more of just going over that route to see if there could be a way to add a spot on the prospect street, so. Great. So it sounds like we've got a couple of conversations we want to continue. In the meantime, again, if you want to engage with the map, if you want to leave comments, I also am going to take my business cards out if you guys have any follow-up questions after.


So this is going to be demonstration of the quadriceps the muscles the tendon and there's some clinical correlations Let's move this sartorius out of the way to show the quadriceps the quadriceps has got four Components the first muscle of the quadriceps to this one, which we have picked up here This is the rectus femoris as the term implies. It's a straight muscle. That's why it's called rectus It's got two origins. One origin is from the anterior Inferior iliac spine where my hand is disappeared That's a direct head and there's a reflected head deep to that which takes origin from the acetabular margin And this is the main muscle mass which continues down and gets inserted onto the quadriceps tendon Which we can see here. I will describe the quadriceps tendon separately It is a two joint muscle. It's crossing the hip joint and it's crossing the knee joint So therefore a footballer before he launches his kick He first extends his hip and flexes his knee and from that position when he kicks his hip flexes And his knee extends and that action is performed by the quadriceps Therefore quadriceps is considered as the kicking muscle loss of functional the quadriceps is equal into loss of function of the quadriceps As a whole by 17% now my assistant has retracted the rectus femoris out of the way And we are going to demonstrate the other components of the quadriceps the muscle Which we see immediately under the quadriceps this one here and my finger is tracing it here This muscle that we see right in the front of the femur this one This is the vastus intermedius takes origin from the front of the femur and the tendon then gets inserted onto the quadriceps tendon again The next muscle is on the lateral aspect and we can see this muscle here, which I have lifted up This is the largest of the quadriceps and this is the vastus lateralis This takes origin from the lateral lip of the linea aspera where my hand has disappeared because it's in the posterior aspect of the femur and When it is coming forward it is covered by the iliotibial tract on its lateral aspect And it is covered by the posterior intervascular septum on its posterior aspect So this is the vastus lateralis and these fibers then Come immediately and they also get inserted onto the quadriceps tendon That's the third component and the fourth component of the quadriceps is this muscle here This muscle, this is the vastus medialis This takes origin from the medial lip of the linea aspera and the fibers then converge and they get inserted onto the quadriceps tendon So these are the four components of the quadriceps muscle inserting onto the tendon the quadriceps is the most powerful extension of the knee and It is three times as powerful as its antagonist namely the hamstrings, which are flexors of the knee Let's start with the quadriceps tendon. Quadriceps is a very powerful tendon Where all the four muscles get attached inserted and we can see the quadriceps tendon in front of us The quadriceps tendon gets inserted onto the base of the patella, which is on the upper part of the patella And the apex of the patella is down below here Apart from the common Insertion to the quadriceps tendon each muscle has got their own separate attachments to the patella the rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius and Vastus lateralis also gets independent attachments to the patella Yet one more Attachment which is unique only to Vastus medialis is these fibers that we can see if we look at them very carefully We will see that the fibers are running obliquely and parallel and they're very finely hatched These are the medial patella retina gulam which are an aponeurotic expansion given by the Vastus medialis Likewise, if you look from the lateral aspect, we can see these parallel hatched fibers which form an aponeurotic expansion This is coming from the Vastus lateralis So the Vastus lateralis and the Vastus medialis both of them give these aponeurotic expansions which are respectively referred to as the lateral and the medial patella retina gulam These are attached to the sides of the patella and they get inserted onto the margin anterior margin of the tbl Condyle and they reinforce the anterior capsule of the knee joint and they also help to stabilize the patella apart from this insertion yet we can notice that from the quadriceps tendon and thin aponeurotic sheet goes above the patella which we have lifted up and it goes down towards the knee and Thereafter we notice that from the apex of the patella We can see one tough ligamentous structure where my finger is tracing This is the ligamentum patellae or the patella ligament which extends from the apex of the patella All the way down to the tbl tuberosity So this is the final insertion of the quadriceps and therefore we can say that the patella is like a Cessamoid bone within the composite tendon of the quadriceps which extends from above the patella and Down to the tbl tuberosity with the Cessamoid bone of the patella inserted in between The function of the patella is to alter the direction of pull increase the mechanical advantage and therefore give power To the extension of the knee now we are demonstrating the nerve supply of the quadriceps We are picked at the main trunk of femoral nerve The femoral nerve has got a very short trunk as it emerges from under the inguinal ligament And thereafter immediately it divides into multiple branches It divides many into many cutaneous But most of the branches are muscular branches and we can see the muscular branches Supplying each and every component of the quadriceps We can see branches to the rectus femoris. We can see branches coming to the Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius and we can see branches going to the Vastus lateralis I would like you to notice that apart from all these muscular branches to the muscles of the anterior compartment there are two Nerves which are running very close to each other The lateral one this is the muscular branch to the Vastus medialis and we can see that here And this is the one which is the sensory branch This is the largest cutaneous branch of the in the body and it's a branch of the femoral nerve Which goes outside the thigh into the leg This is known as the syphilis nerve And this runs Initially in the erector canal And then it passes out of the erector canal and we have traced it out And then we can see it runs in accompaniment with the long syphilis vein And it matches the course of the long syphilis vein on the medial side of the leg All the way to the medial side of the foot. So this is one of the cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve And while we're on this topic I would also like to add that the femoral nerve also gives Another cutaneous branch and we have picked that up here. This is the anterior femoral cutaneous nerve This pierces the deep fascia and it supplies a large part of the front of the thigh So these are the cutaneous supply of the femoral nerve So this is the nerve supply the femoral nerve, which is l 234 posterior division of the lumbar places So that brings me to a very important series of clinical correlations pertaining to the quadriceps tendon If there's any due to the femoral nerve, then obviously this muscle gets paralyzed Apart from the fact that the person will not be able to extend his knee When the person tries to walk The knee will flex because of the unopposed contraction of the hamstrings And therefore the patient develops a very unique posture when walking with the paralyzed quadriceps He holds his quadriceps muscle Just above his knee the way I am holding And by so doing he helps to keep it honey straight So therefore when you see a person walking Holding just above his knee that means he has about either quadriceps weakness or he's got quadriceps paralysis So that is one important manifestations of quadriceps paralysis The next important point which I want to mention is about the quadriceps reflex So let me show you the peddler tendon This is the peddler tendon Extending from the apex of the peddler to the tibial tuberosity. This is a very useful test which is done in clinical practice We ask the patient to sit comfortably and cross one leg We feel for the apex of the peddler And we feel for the tibial tuberosity and in between the slightly depressed soft portion is the Legamental peddler and we can see it here. And this is exactly where we strike with the knee hammer It's a stretch reflex or a myodontic reflex Where the knee extends and this is a very useful test for demonstrating upper motor neuron lesions in central nervous system So this is another important clinical test That brings me to quadriceps exercises and quadriceps testing The two are slightly different though. They may appear similar quadriceps testing is done By asking the patient to keep the knee semi flexed And then we ask the patient to extend the knee against resistance and we provide resistance on the leg And we feel the contraction of the quadriceps just above the knee That is how we test for the quadriceps In contrast quadriceps exercises is something which is prescribed to people who have chronic knee pains And by strengthening the quadriceps It helps to alleviate the knee problems to a certain extent though not completely Quadriceps exercises is to be done regularly at least twice a day for 10 minutes each The patient is supposed to sit flat on the bed Put one hand under the knee the way I have done And ask the person to Contract the quadriceps and press down on his own hand. This is an isometric exercise. And this is called quadriceps exercises So this is a useful method to keep the problems at bay So these are some important critical correlations pertaining to the quadriceps Thank you very much for watching. If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out. Have a nice day


Oh my god, what's going on? First Frank is drinking beer in restaurants now. He's getting a tattoo is the world ending Guys, I've thought about this for a while. A lot of you know I had gynecomastia surgery a few years ago Wasn't too happy about the scars main reason. I'm not actually posting fitness content. So I figured hey Last resort maybe if we get a tattoo to kind of cover it up It'll look good and I'll be happy to do my at least a little bit of fitness content here and there so We actually got some of it done already We're going down for the second session and I'm happy to report that I didn't really notice any sort of Reaction from the tattoo outside of a slight immune reaction, you know We're going to deliver health.  I'm just all dressed up I'm gonna go down to work a little bit then we got to drive down to the city for the whole day tattoo session I got my lunch here We'll vlog the lunch a little later to show you guys what we're eating. Yeah, honestly I would have probably just not gotten the gyno surgery in the first place and maybe just gotten a tattoo to cover it up I don't know what I would have done either way Go back in time and get reborn with better chest genetics real solution So the appointment is at one o'clock. I'm leaving work now around noon. It's going to take about an hour to get down there I got so much stuff in my car. I got my lunch I got a few gifts for the tattoo artist because he's just like some fitness guy likes eggs and stuff So I just got him a few things My seed sensor thinks I have a girlfriend because it's asking me to put the seatbelt on the passenger seat All right guys, we just got here. We're all the way downtown Hopefully we don't get a parking ticket like this guy behind me We'll see about that.  Well, yeah, so this place is really expensive I mean getting a chest tattoo in general is pretty expensive You're paying three four five hundred dollars per hour Depending on the skill of the tattoo artist and I figured hey How many tattoos am I gonna get it's not gonna be more than one or two ever in my whole life So I figured they might as well go to the best artist find a style. I like and enroll with that. So We got this one I can only imagine maybe I'll get something in the middle of the chest too just to finish it up But who knows maybe just only this one From like the ink perspective I'm trying to use like a minimal amount, but it's not that big of a deal until you start doing something like the accused of shit All right first I got explained to my youtube viewers why the tattoo So the evil snake stuff wasn't my idea, but After much deliberation, we decided to look the best from a symmetry perspective I'm not like joining some evil boy serpent club, but um This is the outline Like it covers down here Obviously, and then it actually even goes up and covers some of my stretch marks. So That's the main purpose And it's like all stencil right now, but we're gonna shade it in and uh, Hopefully I won't lose my mind because I'm a patient Yes, I'll show you guys before You can tell I have a tattoo, but it's obviously like not that dark yet. So I'm actually gonna eat lunch before we start All right guys, we got a steak mushroom onion sandwich on organic bread Avocado oil chips not organic, but it's like the only option they have If our apple as usual We will have a quinoa crisp bar some water Down here I got some bee complex and Secret product you guys will see tomorrow So it's like six o'clock at night I've been up since six this morning. So I am not having fun. I'm surprised my head doesn't hurt more One side is almost done. So Hopefully he can finish this side today and then we do the other side tomorrow and that's it I mean, I guess another day isn't that bad, but A lot of work he does each scale individually Tattoo looks good migraine Yeah, my head hurts pretty bad.  That's bad Now for a second I was thinking I might have to cancel the next appointment for next week, but It's like 2 a.m. And I feel a little better and my head doesn't hurt as much I'm like Losing some vision of my left eye from migraine, which it's like a little blurry. So Not good You know, I said at the beginning of this video that I had no reaction to The first time I was getting tattooed that might have been because it was a low amount of ink I did not sleep a wink last night Could have been because I took some vitamin c which sometimes gives me insomnia. So We'll know for sure Like after we do the second session tonight If I sleep or not if there is a potential issue I had some slight heart palpitations as well So it's possible that you know the heavy metals and the tattoo ink cause insomnia But I'm not gonna I'm not gonna discount it yet because most of it does stain the skin. So we'll see how tonight goes And hopefully I don't die Yeah, my stomach's kind of fried. I didn't drink any water keeper this week And I also forgot to bring home some of the grains.  So as you can imagine the whole snake Seven eight hours For all these stretch marks are so bad I gotta stop working out Yeah, so I've reduced it to combination of several things one I'm lying down and even if I lie down in my bed and like bed canopy emf stuff. I still don't feel Too relatively high emf. So not the best thing for more than a few hours, especially stuff close to head of three Even if I have this thing on my head. I need some fresh air That's the the issue with the head net outside of looking like a crazy keeper is that You're like breathing in your own CO2 Potato chips grilled cheese steak sandwiched on the misspeak Yeah, so if I'm like lying here with this on I can only breathe so much so I gotta go like this We're on the home stretch though Almost Guys cool Bro nine hours later almost done Just send final touch ups All right, are we officially done with the medieval forza? All right ladies and gentlemen Looks pretty good Oh Only no more scars no more stretch marks a little extra I was chubby yesterday And after getting sick and not eating for a day. I'm back in shape. Well guys, that's it for the tattoo vlog I actually feel pretty good right now Surprisingly after not eating all day the health stuff Might not be related to tattoo Because like I took a lot of vitamin C and calcium yesterday, which sometimes makes me not sleep so well I will say though that first lunch I had yesterday that definitely messed up my stomach Those potato chips and that sandwich were not good Not good way too high in fat Not the best quality. I thought I thought it was passable But it's whatever so I'll give you guys a a little health update next week I'll talk more about how I reacted to the tattoo.  I'll give this poor guy a little money. Um Yeah, it's not like those yakuza guys that get tattooed three four times their full body and messes everything up brought out Maybe we'll start doing some fitness content again soon After I spent uh more than what my car is worth on my chest but uh Thank you guys so much for joining Please leave a comment down below Make sure to subscribe and check that notification bell drop a like on the video And if you want check out frank dash tofano.com to support me through my businesses Guys, believe it or not, this is a this is a business marketing expense. You know, it is 100


That's a bit gross. Hey guys, continuing my retro reviews of original Supernatural episodes, this is episode 6 of season 1, otherwise known as Skin. And this was the first time we were introduced to shapeshifters, and really this episode is known for two things. The opening, where we see Dean, looks like he almost just brutally tortured and killed a woman, and being confronted by SWAT team, and the peeling scene. We have not seen this level of FX in this show ever since. If anything, they probably really pushed the sensors and were probably never allowed to do this again, and it's one of the best scenes in the entire episode, it is freaking amazing. I ask you guys after the Bloody Marriott review to give me your favorite moments of skin, and I got pretty much almost all of them were talking about the peeling scene. One of them by Rova Etta really captured her feeling of the scene. Love the episode, but you, not one to watch while you're eating, that's for sure. Kudos to the FX department, that was one really detailed shedding. It is the only time that Supernatural has had a shapeshifter shed that is shown in such detail. They knew what they were doing, it would look so real, it kind of felt like an X-Files type moment while I was watching it. I really miss all the time, effort, and detail put into making the creatures in severed limbs and heads, and all the fun gore of the earlier season, seems like they don't really have an FX budget anymore, I wonder what happened. They've got a lot more with visual effects definitely in recent seasons, they haven't really done makeup a lot in a while, and kind of missed that aspect. This episode started off as I said with Dean looking like he was a culprit in terms of having kidnapped, tortured, and almost killed a girl. They jump back a week earlier, and Sam's gotten a call from one of his old college friends, whose brother has been implicated in a murder even though it's impossible, however it seems as though he was in two places at once. This episode then went into the detail of what shapeshifters are, how you're able to tell them apart, and just the idea of being able to have an ability to basically resemble someone entirely as well as intake their memories. Now that was explained later on when Dean, Evil Dean, is fighting Sam and how he's recollecting memories as well as his traits and his skills. It was actually kind of a cool episode, admittedly this was done better when they go to the insane asylum later on when Sam gets possessed sort of by the evil doctor guy there. They was trying to kind of create this sort of inner drama, these inner thoughts about the brothers, about what they really think of each other. This was done okay, but it's way better done in the later on asylum episode. Jensen Ackles actually did a pretty good job in my opinion as a villainous character. He was really antagonistic, he really liked to pressure Sam, and it was cool seeing him be sort of this dark self of himself. Obviously he was done way better 10 seasons later as Demon Dean, but I still thought he did a good job in this episode. While the episode is really remembered for the effects of the gore, it doesn't really hold up as much anymore in terms of how the rest of the story holds up, especially since there was a far better shapeshifter episode in season 2, you know the one I'm talking about. In the end, I'm going to give skin a 4 out of 7, I liked it. I think it was enjoyable. Oddly enough though, if you guys actually watched the Netflix version of the episode, that shedding scene, at least for me on Canadian Netflix, it's not playing the right song.  It really worked well with the shedding part, it was awesome. Some of you guys also commented on what the characters had to deal with with police in terms of this is the first time Warp Dean died, as well as this is when they really kind of got on the board with the cops. Ergo, this is what led into the FBI agent who would start hunting them down after the bank scene in season 2. Aaron Drake had a good point about this.  You were right. It's always riveting to seeing a bad guy frame a protagonist and how they get out of it. I always love the effects of the creature shedding and always gross me out, and I love the use of Filters Hey Man, Nice Shot. So like I said, don't watch the Netflix version. That episode's wrong. Finally, we got a quote from Uticorn379. I liked how we saw someone from Sam's past at college. I also liked the shot with the shapeshifter changes and sheds and has a scheme of Dean. I also know Dean was arrested in the first episode and even in the Bloody Mary episode almost arrested again. But I think it was the first time it was something so big that it was the first time, the real time, that certain cops started to pay attention and we would see more in the future. This did start setting up that FBI character who was introduced in season two. Either way, guys, I hope you enjoyed this review. The next episode is Hookman and that's obviously based off the classic Urban Legend. So tell me what you guys liked about that episode, what you remember from it, and give me any updates of what you think about this review and this episode. Anyway, guys, I hope you enjoyed these reviews. I'll see you guys with the next one.


A building more than 500 years old rises from the sea. Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute. That statement was made after the American Revolution. Five well-known tunes can be found in a famous popular song. Can you imagine that? Yes, this is Lindsay McCarry back with you once more, friends. And those statements you heard are all true. In just a moment or two, we'll be back with you with the absolute proof. Wait for us, will you please? The first item on the session of this series of Can You Imagine That Broadcasts. It isn't often that students of archaeology experience the good fortune that the citizens of Walton on the nays on the east coast of England had on the day of January 3rd, 1928. For several days a torrential storm had lashed the seacoast. Gargantuan waves had beaten the rocky promontories. Winds of cyclonic intensity had forbidden the villagers to venture from their homes. At last the elements abated and the good people of Walton emerged to view the seascape, to smell the new air washed clean by winter rain, wind and waves. I sigh. Ain't this wonderful now? I bet it is, Jimmy. It is a beautiful sight. Aye! Look! What struck Henry, do you suppose? Jimmy! Mikey! Look! Down to the sea! Wait! What? What is it? It is a building! Oh! The Lost Church! To Jimmy is no omen at all. It is just the low tide what's given up the old church to all of you once more. The Lost Church. After all these hundreds of years. Come, let's go down and have a look at it. Aye! For the tide flows back again. Come on, everyone! Down to the sea! But before the people of Walton on the nays could reach the shell and seaweed-covered church, the jealous Atlantic had once more swallowed it from their astounded gaze. Built more than a thousand years ago, the old parish church had been submerged since the year 1398. The coast had suffered from erosion, allowing the ocean to beat higher and higher on the rocks, farther and farther inland, until almost 550 years ago, the ancient edifice had disappeared beneath the waves, never to be seen again except on that wintry day in 1928 for a few all-too-brief moments by the amazed and frightened villagers. Can you imagine that? What American citizen hasn't heard this declaration? Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute. I imagine that most of you think this statement originated during the War for Independence, the American Revolution. If you think so, you're wrong. Yes, because it was made after George Washington had served his second term as President of the United States when John Adams was President. During the period of the French Directory, the United States of America had declared their neutrality in a current disagreement between France and England. France disagreed with this move and declared aggression toward American shipping, a virtual declaration of war. Three emissaries were sent to France, Elbridge Gerry, John Marshall, and Charles Coatesworth Pinckney. When the American ministers arrived in France, the Directory refused to receive them unless, and here's the rub, unless they would pledge payment to the Treasury of France of $250,000. When this old madam reached Charles Pinckney, he cried, Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute. When the action of the French Directory became known in the United States, popular enthusiasm for war against France rose to fever pitch. Patriotic songs and speeches were heard on every hand in the new country. As a matter of fact, several naval engagements occurred between American and French ships. The U.S. Congress organized a new army. George Washington was recalled from a retirement and appointed Commander-in-Chief. Alexander Hamilton was selected as First Major General. War with America's erstwhile allies seemed imminent, but a new turn of events transpired in France. Napoleon Bonaparte abolished the Directory in November 1799, became First Consul and Virtual Dictator, and instead of pursuing the Directory's policy towards America sought peace and goodwill, and thus a very probable French-American war was averted. You know there's an old saying that goes like this. A golden mirror may blind the wisest man. Which means, of course, that money, or the apparent possession of a lot of it, can make fools of otherwise shrewd, cautious men. And the proof? Well, in the late 1870s, a French peasant girl whose name was Therese Dorignac announced to an astounded France... Oui, oui. I am the solare of an American. His name is Robert Henry Grofer. Soleil, Mumshill. And, of course, you have proof. We must hear out the paper. You see, M. Grofer was so very, very grateful that I nursed him through a very serious illness. All along, too, but he was ill. Yes, yes, Mumshill. Dorignac, the papers, please. Mon Dieu. Mumshill, this will leaves you out to 20 million American dollars. 20 million American dollars. The news spread. Little Therese Dorignac became famous. Frederick Umber, son of a cabinet minister. Of course, some people doubted the existence of the fortune until the news went around that two nephews of the American, Crawford, had arrived from America to break the will. Is that one of them? Of course, we don't mean to cut Therese off without a penny. She was good to Uncle Robert, but... but we feel that we should be entitled to some of the money. So we're going to sue for an enforcement of another will which will give Therese 72,000 dollars a year. 72,000 dollars a year. A nice, tidy little income. The nephews insisted that until they had reached an agreement about the wills, Therese should have legal custody of the securities. A French notary sealed a strong box containing the fabulous sum and placed it in a safe under protection of the courts. Thus, the fortune was given legal standing. Therese, now Madame Umber, achieved dazzling splendor in society. She lacked nothing. Her procedure for buying something was simple. Ah, Madame Umber, we are honored that you should come into our store. There is something you wish? Yes, Monsieur, there is. A diamond necklace for the ball tomorrow night. Diamond necklace? Oui, but yes, the finest of course. Here is one for only 100,000 francs. That will do. Deliver it this afternoon. For the money, I will make you a note payable after I secure my legacy. It is agreeable to you. But yes, but yes, anything Madame wishes. For the fur coat, I will give you a note payable after my legacy is established. I wish to give a party. There must be champagne, all kinds of food and lovely souvenirs for the guests. I will give you a note payable after the legacy is mine. Well, that went on for 20 years. Madame Umber, the former little peasant girl, Therese Dorignac, lived in luxury for 20 years while the court fight for the wills went on. And on. At length, Madame Umber's payable notes amounted to over $11 million. Then suddenly in 19-2, I tell you, I am right. I must be right. I grew suspicious. So I looked up this Crawford family. I wrote to America, Monsieur, Therese knows such person as Robert Henry Crawford. I am ruined, ruined. Oh, my dear. The hoax was uncovered. 10 creditors committed suicide. Finally, the safe deposit box was opened in the presence of Madame Umber's distinguished attorney. The contents were noted and these were found. Security's worth $1,000. A jewel case that is empty. Several worthless copper coins. And, and, Monsieur, a brass button. The Umber's and the fake American nephews had fled to Spain. They were brought back, tried before a laughing public, which had been amused and were given ridiculously short sentences.  Can you imagine that? Now, we're going to take you into the realm of musical oddities once more to prove to you that even in popular music, there's nothing new under the sun. So, let's get our tonal scalpel out and do a little dissecting on the body of, yes, we have no bananas. In other words, let's break it down, phrase by phrase and see what other tunes it sounds like. For instance, the first measure and a half could very well be the first phrase of Handel's Hallelujah chorus. Then there follow three measures of an old familiar tune. Yep, that was, of course, my bonnet lies over the ocean. Then, well, there appear to be just a few bars of the middle part of another song you'll remember. It's from Belf's operetta, The Bohemian Girl, and it's I dreamt I dwelt in marble halls. And the next recognizable phrase is this. And now, with different words, then, of course, it seems to start all over again and when you put it all together, it spells not mother, but yes, we have no bananas. That's another batch of canyons. We're coming back on this same station soon again. Will you be listening for us? We hope so. Until that time, this is Lindsay McCarrie saying goodbye now.


Brad Town here in the office, John Quinn and Dave Sawyer joining us virtually and Flo Smith. Any public comment? Additions or changes to the agenda? No. All right. We've got Otter Creek with the Fisher Road culvert. You're free. Sure. The idea, Rob, is for you to, they had a few questions about the options and what they would do for us and what we need to do from the town perspective, what that means to us for those options. Sure. So I guess the short answer is that basically all the precast companies are really busy right now. And so given the time of the year, if we want to get the project done this year, one option is to direct purchase from a particular vendor. We work with Contact. They do these types of structures all throughout the state. That's who we kind of designed and built the specification around. But the way that the design documents were put together, there wasn't any preclusion to use one particular vendor. So like under the normal bid process, it would go out to bid the way that it is right now. Contractors would be able to ask other precast suppliers for quotes and they'd be able to pick which one they would use, provided they provide a structure that meets the same shape and size that we've designed. But the general consensus from the contractors and the general consensus from the contractors and from the precast suppliers is that there just isn't enough time to go through the process. So if we open up bids in a couple of weeks for this project and it takes a couple of weeks to get a contract signed, then it takes another four weeks or so to get all the drawings and stuff pulled together from their precast supplier because they won't lock any of that in until they have a signed contract. So you're kind of moving very linearly along that path. So that would push us into middle of August at the earliest before they would start fabrication on the structure. And what we're hearing is that it's anywhere from 12 to 20 weeks depending on what other projects they have in which the vendor you're using. How long does that concrete have to cure? So they take samples and there's an independent testing process as part of what we put together. But typically they want it to cure at least seven days before they ship it. Oftentimes it's closer to 14 days minimum before they ship the pieces because you can run the risk of getting some damage in transit. So I think that's kind of why we looked at the option of direct purchase. I got a quote for Vince and Tom from the vendor that we work with regularly and the price has gone up over $100,000 on the structure from them. We're being told that that's somewhat COVID related that it's all kind of part of the general escalation and material prices that we've seen. This is Dave Sawyer. I'm on the phone. I'm just curious. Did I hear it was $100,000 increase? It was. And we're being told that it's kind of COVID related to steel and a lot of the other components that are built into that. I can say that in my line of work for what we do like utility infrastructure projects we've seen anywhere from 20% material increases to 75% or more on height and fittings and things like that. So it's not unreasonable but it's hard when you don't have anything to compare it to. And so I thought it was important to at least have this conversation because I think it provides a different kind of response on when the project can get done. There is an option that the project can get done this year if the town direct purchases this structure. We have the permits in place for it now. The direct purchase of the structure, we basically parallel track the public bidding process for the installation with the purchase of it. And that way we shorten the window by about eight weeks really because we take the bid piece out of it and the contract signing and all of that out of it. And you basically move forward with the purchase of the structure. The risk is that you basically use the contingency that we had assigned for the project with the structure purchase. So if for some reason the rest of the bid comes in high, you'd be over the project budget that you guys had established. Go ahead Dave. I have another question though. Being a contractor for many years. If we do a direct purchase on that, do you see any impact from the bidding from the other contractors that would bid this job that they're not making their markup on their end? Because I know a lot of contracts will bid the materials with the markup. And if we do a direct purchase, how is that going to impact our labor costs on the other part of this project? I would add to Will, would it reduce a markup maybe as well? That's $100,000 more. If we direct purchase it, would that eliminate some of similar, some of the markup that could potentially be there on that piece? Those are both really good points and questions. I think from my perspective on the face value, we see markup anywhere from like five to 10% on these types of structures. So in general you'd expect to see a reduction in it. But it kind of complicates the process when you take the material component piece out of their hands because then they're dependent on the town and the pre-gast supplier rather than just the pre-gast supplier. And just from like a strictly contract standpoint, it's always nicer, you know, in theory it's great to save that markup, but it's nicer because they have control over the pre-gast supplier. They're dictating when payment's occurring. They're dictating when it's being delivered to the site. And it's just easier to handle. So what I found is actually that contractors keep a little bit of markup. It's definitely not the 5% to 10%, but they keep some markup because they still have to coordinate and schedule and do all those things, which is why they get markup on it anyway. So there is that component. We had a pre-bid meeting for this. David, to go back to your comment. And we had significant interest in the project. The general comments from the contractors were two things. One, everybody agreed that if we kept the culvert or the structure in the project that it wouldn't get built this year. That you're just not going to be able to finish it this year. So they understood that if they wanted to do it this year, it could be taken out and that would be a path forward. And nobody seemed to really question whether or not that was a reasonable approach. They also said, you know, if you keep it in, you know, they can solicit from other pre-gas suppliers throughout New England. It's a large structure. It's something that they could work through and talk with others about. But there's no guarantee you'd get a better price than what the context proposed. What kind of liability does it open the town up to with us ordering our materials? I mean, there seems like there's a lot of room for our issues as a result. Potentially. I mean, there's a lot of negative that could go out of company. There could. Yeah, no, absolutely. I mean, I've done town direct purchases of different products, including culverts. Not one this size, but some bigger box culverts. And usually the issue is that if the contractor can't, it's ready for something because there's an agreed upon delivery date. Components are going to come this day. And then for whatever reason, the supplier fails to meet that date. And then you run the risk of a delay claim from this contractor saying, hey, I've got the site. I have all my equipment here. I'm doing all this stuff. And the contractors feel that they're scheduled. That's somewhat avoidable in this current situation because we're actively out to bid. We haven't bid the project yet. We can clarify to contractors what the expectations are. And that basically they would have the responsibility to directly coordinate with them regarding delivery and that you simply have just jumpstarted this process for them. So I think the risk is a little bit lower there in this particular case. Brad had a question. How many suppliers are in the New England area that could supply this culvert? So we've worked, I've done three of similar size with three different companies. I think there's maybe five or six that are capable of this type of... I mean, to be honest, all the pre-casters are capable of it. A lot of them just don't do it because they don't come around as much. And they don't like to have to deal with the form work and everything else that comes with these types of projects. But yeah, I've done at least three with different suppliers. Go ahead, Dave. Well, I was just, if we were to direct buy, is it possible that we... Well, I'm sure it's possible, but to get us an ironclad delivery date on this thing with some contingent said if it isn't. Because I can see if a contractor moves his equipment in and we get delayed by a week or two that they may want to charge for their equipment being on site, not operating. Is there a way that we can eliminate that possibility from happening? You asked the question that I asked last week and the answer I got was not really everything's so in flux right now with what they're getting for material deliveries. They weren't willing to lock in a date. In fact, they just simply gave us a range if you look at that quote on what it would be. As I mentioned at the beginning, kind of work in the schedule out. If it's at the furthest end of their quote range, we're still going to be able to do the project this year. If you did a direct purchase. I mean the other option, and this whole conversation is time related because the other option is you could kind of suspend, if you will, the bid phase for this purchase. And then we could just put that on hold for a couple of weeks. We could go get other quotes for precast, but there's no guarantee that it'll be less or faster lead time and then you run the risk of losing that two weeks. And I mentioned that only because the contractors that are looking to install this were kind of saying, you know, it is Vermont, the weather gets nasty in October. And you're running that issue of if you lose it two weeks, then maybe you're no longer in the dry season, maybe you're in the wet fall. And it just, it adds to their risk, which would add cost to them too.  They're roughly, well, the 30 foot span, those are single pieces. And they're seven feet or so wide, maybe a little narrower. That's right here. Is there any, how problematic would it be to store them on site? If we order them, if we were to purchase them, it's done. The contractor's not ready. They're delivered. There's no real room there for that and be able to do the other work that we need to do. And the other pieces that typically, and this kind of goes to what Justin was saying earlier, when the contractors deliver those, they're very coordinated. They come with the right pieces in the right order. So they'll show up with one truck at a time and it's a kind of orchestrated ordeal where the truck will back up. They'll take the piece off that they need, set it down with the crane, give that truck out of there, move the next piece in. So they're fairly efficient with how they set it. The actual process of setting, grouting this in, it can be done in a day for even a structure that's as long as this, 128 feet long. That's the whole advantage of this kind of precast formula versus the old cast and place style structures. But it's got to be well organized and well thought out, otherwise it can be problematic. The footings are poured? The footings are poured in place. They gave an option for basically a shelf or a prefab footing as an option. But it's set up for basically cast and place footings. So is that the $135,000 on the scope? Correct. So our actual price is $459,000. That's what we're talking about today. You could have the option at your choice to lock in the $135,000, but I don't think it's necessary. The footings are just 9 feet wide and 128 feet long. And they still have to be poured. That shell is actually kind of a unique system. They come in pieces that have PVC slots in the frame so that all the rebar heights and everything are exactly where they need to be. So you stack these shells down and then you just slide the rebar through and tie it together. It does work pretty slick. What they said was that the contractor could have the option to purchase that from them, the foot-in piece. And that lead time is a lot less than the actual arch. The arch is really what's driving the step. The other pieces, in that 20-week range, we're still close on whether or not we would have the ability to pave this year. Because once you get into deer season, basically, and you're working between deer season and Thanksgiving, it's hit or miss. We've certainly done it. We paved last year on the sewer project. It was 55 degrees. We got deer season here for a couple of days. We got the paving in. It was fine. But there are certain requirements when you pave. It's got to be above 40 temperatures rising. You want to put good asphalt down. So there could be the potential that if that schedule was delayed at all and you went with a direct purchase that we still might not be able to pave that road back. We might have to put back just gravel surface for this year, too. But it would be open. But it would be open. So if the town were to purchase the culvert, could we then pass off the, that would get the culvert on the schedule? Then we could pass off the coordination to the contractor? We could. Yeah. Because we're out in the bid right now, we can revise the way the plans and documents are set up through a denim. So in fact, I haven't issued anything for this because we've had kind of this, we wanted to have a discussion with contractors. See what the appetite was for the work this year. And really everybody said they're looking for work this fall. We had, I think, I don't want to misquote it, but it was eight or nine people attend that pre-bid meeting. And we have at least that many plan holders at this point. So there's certain interest, definitely interested in doing it this fall. But we just wanted, they wanted to be realistic about it. They were pretty upfront, you know, on the schedule piece. And they're absolutely right that if we kept it in, it wouldn't happen. So we want the culvert open this year, we have to pre-purchase or have, the town's going to have to purchase it. And if we were, if it's not an issue, then we just go through the regular bid process. Correct. What's the likelihood of a decrease in cost if we then hold off and just carry us on? I wish I would know the answer to that. That's a good question. I tell you, right now I've seen where lumber was running 1,500, 1,000 and now it's like 13. So I mean, I think it peed, but I don't know how I'm hearing the concrete, the possibility of concrete increase and even more is likely from all the reports I'm reading. And I think it depends on the types of projects you're doing. I just opened Bids today, I had nine bidders on roughly $300,000 utility project and my engineer's estimate was over a year old and I had four out of the nine bidders under my engineer's estimate because everybody was looking for work this fall. And to get nine bidders on a $300,000 project, I mean, that's a lot of interest in a relatively small job. But it depends, you know, then you get to this point where you're fairly large, you're not going to have a lot of those smaller contractors bidding it. There's only a handful, so I don't want to kind of compare them directly. But it's interesting to see projects that are falling through because the project costs are exceeding bond authorizations, they're exceeding what boards have approved. So those are happening and contractors are looking to fill their schedule this fall, so it's kind of that balance. So my other concern would be if we commit to buying this and we've got $460,000 out and all of a sudden it's way over budget, right? Can we get our estimates? That is my primary concern. How can we protect ourselves against that? The way you protect yourselves against that is that your investment isn't actually the $465,000 right now. They require to lock in and order the rebar and the components that go with the concrete. They require I think it's about $75,000. It's a percentage of that total cost. And that allows them to purchase the materials that they need to build the arch. So what we put one scenario we could do is the town could commit to that 75 number. We can open bids here in the next two to three weeks on the installation of it. Know what the total project cost is and if for some reason it's way above our estimate you want to put the project on hold because you need to look at other options or funds, your risk would be that $75,000 I think. And that's relative because the structure's not necessarily going to change. How long are our permits good for? That's a good question. I believe most state permits are valid for two years now. I don't think it would have to be two years. I'm never sure. I mean we just had a project. We have Irene come through. They were the special, I mean, so usually like for stream alteration type work, they don't let you work after October 15th. And for this case they understood that the town was looking to get it done this year and we got approval to work after October 15th with the permit. So they understood. I think they're getting an extension if it was necessary wouldn't be as much of an issue. Well, I mean, once the footings are poured, then the only working in the stream bed would be just setting the coal. Correct. And it all depends how the contractors go about doing it, but usually they'll rough in the flow channel and then do the finish work inside after the thing's set. And the structure that size, you can run skid steers and other equipment underneath it fairly easily. So 75,000 would take and get us locked into the materials for the coal work. And then we'd just be on the hook for the, what was it? 400 and some odd thousand for the coal work. 459,77. Minus 75. So 300 and 75. So when the coal work was done, do the companies have a place? For some reason, if they start forming up the coal work and it doesn't pan out that we can do it this year, are they going to be able to have a place to store it? So they said they could store it for up to a year at, I believe at no cost to the town. They run into space issues when things last more than a year and they're, so at that point they'd have to charge like a rent fee. But they have an area to store it. Okay. So then they would still be the company that built it would still be in charge and would still have control over the delivery. Correct. Yeah. And what we could do is we could set the contract up so that the winning contractor is responsible for coordinating with this person who's already been involved with the material purchase and getting it all delivered. So hopefully that's not an issue at all. No matter what, we're going to be out, I mean this year or next, if it's never going to cost us anything to store it, we're going to be out, we're going to be into them for the $75,000. I assume that they'll want to be paid when it's finished. Yeah, at some point they'll actually start the fabrication, but so the $75,000 basically allows them to purchase the reinforcing and there's a special match that they use for these arches. And then the other pieces it allows them to finish the production shop drawings. So they have to produce their stamp shop drawing for it and there's an investment on that end. That process is somewhere between four and six weeks. So if you told them tomorrow that they were good to go, somewhere between four and six weeks for them to get to a point where they're going to complete that first step and then theoretically after that they can move towards fabrication of the components. We can certainly fine tune that schedule with them and tell them what we would expect and we can work it around the bid phase for this larger project. So in here it says one or more of the products quoted here and is non-standard and not returnable. The entertainment of one-third of this item is required and must be received prior to the commencement of any performance by contact. So 75,000 to order that material you're talking about but then once this total of a third comes into play. I think that's the number that they agreed to for that third. I think the third is their standard contract condition. I wish I had that answer to you but I think they were saying to me the commitment that they need is the 75,000 because it requires them to order that national. And they were trying to work with the town. Their standard procurement policy is one-third. That's what they would do if they gave it to the contractor. But I guess the short answer is they won't be able to fabricate anything for six to eight weeks after you give them the authorization. How long before bid opening on the labor? We're opening on the eighth currently but I would probably give them a few extra days since I was hoping to have a better answer for them or a clearer answer for them before now. The eighth is a Friday, I think. So I would probably push it to... Why would you need to give them any extra time to put it in or take it out type of thing? I think a lot of them are going to question where they put their money and their risk to Justin's comment earlier about whether or not you'd save the markup or that I think that they all have different experiences with pre-casters and that directly ties to what they carry for pricing in their bid. Yeah, was there a general consensus about who should build it? I think they've all worked with contact. Contact produces a lot of structures for the state but we didn't really get into the conversation about who should build it. There's a reputation there that they can go on now, right? Oh, certainly, yeah, absolutely. And the idea to ask them, I said, is there somebody around here that can do this in eight weeks instead of 16 to 20? And they said, absolutely not. So I think everybody's kind of in the same boat timing-wise. So select for it. I don't think if we want to open the branches here, I don't think we really have an option. I think we need to move ahead and authorize $75,000 to start. I concur. Was that a motion in a second? No, that was neither. That was just- That makes pretty good. Yeah. So, well, let me fix what I just said. Let's make a motion that we authorize $75,000 to start the process of the precast. Second. Just a second. Any discussion? All those in favor say aye. Aye. Motion carries. So now the question is how well are you going to be able to keep this moving on? I think I have- I actually have the addendum to the contract kind of pre-prepared. And I basically wrote it up two ways. One if we kept it in and one if we didn't. So I just need to make some modifications to that. I would expect that that would go to contractors tomorrow. And that's how we'll keep that moving along. This has to respond to this precast supplier. And basically say that the board's authorized this $75,000. Please get this into your schedule. And then I'll work with Vince to just make sure we don't pass that next milestone with a larger investment. Until we know what we're going to have. Whether or not we have a contract. I mean, if work is short for large contractors, you know what I mean. Yeah. And there's a lot of interest in this. A project like this comes down to what their concerns are related to, you know, if we have a flash kind of rainstorm and how it impacts how they did, you know. The reason you see such variation in contractor's bids, when they're bidding the same exact plans, the same exact specifications, the variation is often their assessment of risk and time commitment. A lot of their experience. Exactly. Exactly. Oh, I think if we get a, if we get a half dozen bids, you know, the other, everyone's going to know how many bids we're getting overall. Not how many bids, but generally how many people are potentially bidding. I think I'm not worried about hitting our overall cost at this point, even though prices have gone up some, I think contractors are paying attention enough to know what's going on in the market. And they were all here for that pre-bid meeting, kind of talking amongst themselves about projects that have fallen through this year because of, you know, being over budget. Right. Okay, anything else? Move to adjourned. Second. Any discussion, all in favor? Aye. For adjourned. Aye. Anyone?


Pablo, when you're on the space station, if I'm here on the Earth, I look out, I see the community and I see what's around me. I have this sense of place, where I'm at, what's going on in my life. When you're on the space station, what's your perception of place inside the space station? That's an interesting thing. If you really think about it, you are on this artificial vessel that is just orbiting around the Earth and the vastness of empty space. You may feel like you're on a ship in the middle of the ocean and you feel like your little thing but around you there's nothing and you may be there forever. But that doesn't work like it in space. I think you are inside the space station. It's a very well-constructed built environment. There's a sense of purpose because you're doing the working all day long and certain things that are really important. So you don't feel you are in the middle of nowhere. Actually, you feel you are in a place that is very important with a lot of things. When you have a little bit of time, you go to the computer which is our window over the world and you can look down on this Earth right there. You don't see the emptiness around you. You see the Earth. Or you look at the other side and you see the stars. You see the Milky Way. You see completely different things far away. There's a lot of space between them.  I think it gives you a really good perspective or sense of place where you are which is not emptiness. It's a lot of physical things that you touch with your brain, with your minds but also almost physically with your hands. So, Paolo, when we first talked about the project, you said something that really kind of inspired me. We talked about the fact that right now we have to send scientists and engineers into space and medical professionals because it's critical we do this research partly so that we can understand what we need to know just to travel further out into space on longer issues. But you also said in reality we should be sending philosophers and artists and writers into space and I wonder if you could just talk about that a little bit and how your work as a scientist ties into humanities and how this project reflects on it. Well, you know, the space station is a great human endeavor. We pull together resources from science, technology and we build these international space stations so we can carry out work that is useful for us here on Earth and that eventually will allow us to continue our exploration of the universe which is one thing that we absolutely need to do or we will be doing. At the same time, this is interesting how this is today done by professional astronauts that come mostly from a scientific or technological background and since we are very good operators we can go up and do a sort of good things we can grab a camera and start snapping pictures but I'm thinking what I'm up there. My pictures are good but what would happen if there would be a photographer like you that for six months would concentrate on taking pictures. I can only imagine what would come out of there. How do you reconcile this extension of preserving something that since fairly new? Well, that's a good question. The issue with a lot of the technological facilities that relate to space is that they weren't built to last forever. They were built to be used for a short period of time and then be gone. They were built with materials in the environment like the launch pads on Cape Canaveral. It's right next to the ocean and those rest away. They tear them down. It was just at the Cape and they torn down a number more of the old launch facilities because that's a very precious real estate for launching rockets so they have to reuse it and recycle it. So, unlike a building built in the 1800s that's made out of brick and built to last forever, these facilities were never really designed for that. And the space station is a perfect example. It's even at greater risk because there's no way you can sustain an orbit forever and even if it could, you can't get there. It's a bad thing that you won't be able to go up and photograph the inside way. So, I see this as what I call it. I'm involved with a group that deals with industrial archeology which deals with steel bridges and old factories and glass furnaces and all kinds of 19th century, 18th century works in 20th century but this 21st century material is not going to be around. And it's really what I refer to as technological archeology because you just can't preserve it in most cases in any other way than through a project like this. I think there's no way out today without knowing how to preserve it. If you would be able to take a piece back on earth and put it somewhere in a museum that would be a really nice way to not do that. And I think one of the important part is that the space station is a great example of technological achievement but it's also an historical achievement because it's the first time that nations on earth that have kind of divergent political goals actually go together, work together, nevertheless what happened on the ground and in space they're all together for this multinational, international space station, multicultural, multinational but anyhow international space station. It's the first, I think it's the first example of humanity working together in such a complex project to try to achieve something that useful for everyone. Like we wish in the future this example could lead us to Mars or to deep inspirational space and in that sense it's very important to document this and have something that people can relate to because we cannot have the actual station, the real piece of art. And that's why I was excited to work with you because you're Italian and American so it's an extension of that cooperation.


I'm Tom Moore and I'm from Henthram Bread in Denby North Wales. Henthram Bread is a family bakery, a sixth generation. We started back in 1908 baking, a hundred years on we're still here today. Henthram Bread is 24 hours a day, seven days a week. We do a huge, vast product range ranging from bread, baps, morning goods, fruit and savoury cakes. So we're really, really businesses across that. Our market is huge, ranging from the little chip shop to the cafe all the way through to the local authorities, then on to the major supermarkets. So we have a vast array of customer base. The Welsh Government has been great. They're always on the end of the phone. So if ever we need anything, we can just phone them as they are always willing to give help and advice in whatever matter from export through to health and safety. It's through to new labour regulations. Recently we've been to America, Hong Kong and Dubai with the Welsh Government on the trade missions. Looking for new export business has been very successful because we've had new orders from Dubai and from America from these missions. So they're really, really good. I love Southern Wales. I'm proud to be Welsh. I'm proud that we've banked our marketing models to sell to people of order. The new extensions, double story and enough dispatch for eight new vans. So it's massive and we're obviously delivering it throughout North, Mid Wales and now we're preferring to other parts of the UK. We've got to keep moving all the time but we have to keep doing it. We've done a huge waste project recently with the Welsh Government. That was a huge success and hopefully in two years we'll be nil to land again. Welsh food is the biggest sector in Wales. We're certainly trying to put ourselves on the map and we're proud to be Welsh and proud to be in North Wales and as a food manufacturer.