Revelation chapter 22 beginning at verse 1 reading to verse 5 and he showed me a pure river of water of life clear as crystal proceeding from the throne of God and of the Lamb. In the middle of its street and on either side of the river was the tree of life which bore 12 fruits each tree yielding its fruit every month and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations and there shall be no more curse but the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it and his servants shall serve him they shall see his face and his name shall be on their forehead and there shall be no night there they need no lamp nor light of the Sun for the Lord God gives them light and they shall reign forever and ever. And so what we have here as we begin chapter 22 is a continuation of what we've already been looking at in chapter 21. Chapter 21 verse 9 had mentioned an angel and so the same angel that had been mentioned in chapter 21 verse 9 continues John's tour of New Jerusalem and so what he now sees here is a pure river of water of life and it's described as being clear as crystal. Now let me give you a couple of thoughts as we develop this and then I'm going to give you some application. We need to remember that according to chapter 21 verse 1 there are no longer there is no longer any sea. Now if there is no longer any sea that means that we no longer have what is called the hydrologic cycle. There's no sun and we see that in verse 23 of chapter 21 the city had no need of the sun or the moon to shine in it. There's no sun which means that there's no water evaporating which means that there's no rain and so as we look at this we need to understand that if there's no rain to fill any rivers then when he speaks here in verse 22 verse 1 concerning a pure river of water of life that tells us that we need to see this as a symbol that this river of the water of life would be symbolic of the water of life that we have through Jesus Christ or the eternal life that we have. This is a pure river that is proceeding from the throne and it's a symbol of the flow of eternal life from God's throne to heaven's inhabitants and this is something that is pure it's something that is alive and something that flows from God. In the book of Isaiah in chapter 12 verses 2 and 3 and let me develop this with you for a moment it says there behold God is my salvation I will trust and not be afraid for Yah or Jehovah the Lord is my strength and song he also has become my salvation therefore with joy you will draw water from the wells of salvation God is the one who provides the water of life and that's the point Isaiah was making and so when you think of that and then you start looking into the New Testament in John chapter 7 for example and you look at verses 37 and 38 in John chapter 7 it says on the last day that great day of the feast Jesus stood and cried out saying if anyone thirsts let him come to me and drink he who believes in me as the scripture has said out of his heart will flow rivers of living water what you have here in John and I'll be pointing this out as we conclude Revelation is an invitation an invitation to come and drink God gives invitations from the book of Genesis all the way to the conclusion in the book of Revelation and God gives invitations for us to have and to partake of this this river of life this water of life that flows freely from the Lord to us now I believe and I'm going to depart from my notes and just share what I believe the Holy Spirit has put in my heart for this particular passage for just a moment just application I was speaking to somebody and I'll preface it this way I was speaking to somebody recently and there are those who think that the time that that I come out of which historically is now in church history is referred to as the Jesus movement or the Jesus revolution well there are many people who today think that that was a time that that occurred maybe 40 years 40 plus years ago but the Jesus movement came in the Jesus movement went and so what you have today is you have interesting an interesting movement within the church that is is a lot different than then what I experienced as a 20 year old who got saved there are those today who think that that people like me were just so out of touch with the average person that we can't connect with them anymore and so what they do is they say you need to have new ways to do that you need to find new ways to communicate you need to find new ways to grab hold of their attention and and grab hold of their minds and and so if you were a student of what's happening in the church and some of you may very well be you would discover that there are a lot of experiments going on and many of them are being printed in books and taught in seminars if you want to grab somebody make sure that you don't give a message more than 15 or 20 minutes if you want to grab somebody's attention especially the youth you have to make sure that they're interactive that there are things going on during the service that help them to be entertained as you're speaking to them and and there is one thing after another I get invitations I have mentioned this before but it's true I get invitations monthly sometimes more than once a month to go to conferences I get them on my emails I get them in print a material that comes to me you know Pastor Dave we'd like to teach you how to grow a church and what you need to do is come to these seminars and if you come to the seminar we'll teach you how to communicate we'll teach you how to use humor we'll teach you how to use illustration we'll teach you how to to not cause people to be offended when you preach and I wonder if John the Baptist would have gone to one of those seminars but that's something different I don't know we don't need more seminars we need more of the spirit in our lives we need more of the power of the Holy Spirit in our lives I had a meeting I meet with pastors on a monthly basis here at the church we average 18 to 20 Calvary Chapel pastors who come and I've been given responsibility as I'm on a certain council particular council to minister to other pastors and I it's my passion and I enjoy doing it and so I've been doing it for years that on a monthly basis I'll meet with pastors 18 20 pastors on average sometimes more sometimes less and what we'll do is we'll sit down in the in the cafe and they'll ask questions now that may seem odd to you that pastors ask me as a pastor questions but because I've been in the ministry for 40 plus years there are certain things I've learned in ministry that I can help younger men with especially the younger pastors are just beginning and so we talk quite often and I'll have anecdotal stories that I'll share I'll say you know these are things that learn from my pastor you know whenever we would go to plan out the passage conferences because Calvary Chapel under Pastor Chuck Pastor Chuck would have yearly national international pastors conferences and and I was part of a board that gathered together to plan out the conferences that would be for all the 1500 plus Calvary chapels in the world and we'd gather and Pastor Chuck would would lead that meeting and and we would sit there'd be 20 25 of us would be in a room and we'd be seated there and we'd be talking and whatever and Chuck would come in and the minute pastor came in everybody got quiet always did because when Chuck came in he was like dad and and quite seriously he was like dad and we were his sons and when he walked in you know and I was taught as a kid when your father walks in the room you show him respect and that's what I did with with my pastor same thing minute Chuck walked in I've got nothing to say you've got everything to say I want to hear what you have and he would come and Chuck was very humble you know he'd come sit down and he always sat in the same place and as he sat down there it would get quiet and every time someone would say the same thing to open the meeting Pastor Chuck I want to ask you what is on your heart what is the greatest concern that you have right now for Calvary Chapel Ministries and Chuck every time I ever heard him speak and opening for such a meeting would say this have we begun in the spirit only to be made perfect by the flesh he'd say he would say it every time we need to walk in the freshness and the power of the Holy Spirit because if we do not this movement will die it is a spirit led spirit empowered movement because when you don't have the Holy Spirit in your midst you're only religious but you are not empowered and God is giving to us this amazing promise Jesus gave this promise if any man thirst let him come unto me and drink and even as scripture said out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water here's something for you let's personalize it let's personalize it is the Holy Spirit flowing out of you right now is he splashing out of your life you know this water is intended to not only satisfy your thirst but the water of life is for all who are thirsty and so not only are you filled with the Holy Spirit but you also have the influence that God gives to you to encourage others to have the same kind of thirst and so when we look at this passage here you can't help but think as it's speaking that there's this pure river of water of life it's clear as crystal it speaks of its purity and so this water of life that's being spoken of here is the is the symbol of the flow of the eternal life that comes from God's throne to all those who are inhabiting heaven it is pure and and it's alive and it's flowing and even as it says it is clear as crystal it proceeds from the throne of God and of the lamb clear as crystal reveals that it is unpolluted and it also reflects the glory of God notice it proceeds from the throne of God and from the lamb Jesus is ruling in Hebrews 7 26 it says for such a high priest was fitting for us who is holy harmless undefiled separate from sinners and has become higher than the heavens Jesus is ruling I would encourage you even as we begin and we're going to end with the same encouragement here in chapter 22 I would encourage you to seek God for his spirit's freedom in your life every day wake up in the morning every day every day and say God fill me with your spirit work in me today you see the enemy doesn't sleep and very often he's waiting at the foot of the bed for you to finally get your foot out and hit the ground so he can harass you so he can trip you up I'm not teaching you some spooky story I'm not talking about a cookie I'm telling you the truth it's the truth the boogeyman it is the truth and you know it you know it he wants to destroy you he wants to steal he wants to kill and he wants to destroy you God has a wonderful plan for you but he has one that will destroy you you need to understand it and you may be thinking oh I'm inconsequential I have no power I have no authority I don't make a difference I'm just a Christian you are his enemy he hates you understand that he hates you he wants to destroy you he wants to destroy your family he wants to destroy your friends he wants to destroy your neighborhood he wants to destroy your city he wants to destroy your state he wants to destroy your nation he wants to destroy the world and you know what he is concerned with one of the things I know for certain he's concerned with the spirit-filled believers who do the works of God he's concerned with them do you think he's concerned with backsliders and lukewarm they're doing his work they're doing his work there's hardly anything as distasteful in the mouth of somebody as a hypocritical Christian oh you want me to be like that guy I work with are you kidding me I'm already miserable why do I want to be a miserable Christian like him he's always telling me about God but he didn't I don't want to be that man that people point to and say I don't want to be like that I just don't want to be I want to be the kind of person when they say whatever he has that's what I want and how's that going to happen guys how's it going to happen it happens when we stop making excuses for our sinfulness and it happens when we die to ourselves it happens when we say God fill me God I believe I really do there really is a habit there really is a hell there really is a God there really is a savior named Jesus there's really a powerful Holy Spirit there really is all of this this is true when you understand that your life changes your life does change and if you want to be impactful and speaking to you as a pastor friend to you right now ask God to fill you with a spirit God use me for your glory God use me for your glory when you see some of the people God has used there's one thing in common with these people and that is they're just available and they're filled with the spirit why can't you be what would keep you from being what is it what is it in your life that is so important that you would rather have that than the power of the spirit what is it relationship money job what is it pain personality what is it because whatever it is it isn't worth it what is worth it is dying to self and living for Christ because Paul said for me to die is gain it's game you see we're talking about the final chapter where it's all consummate it's all in all ends right here and so there's this description it's a tour of heaven it's a tour of the capital city New Jerusalem this is waiting for you I wonder if we believe that this is waiting for you this is your home this is where you're gonna you can go home tonight and look at your house and you can say man I live in a dump compared to where I'm going to live someday compared to where I'm going to be someday I've seen some amazing houses so have you see them usually on TV I don't have one but I certainly have seen them and I've had a chance to go to some very beautiful places over my my years I've toured many places over the years God has been good to me I've been in various castles and I've been in various very very large homes owned by very very rich people none of that none of that's valuable God says you want to know something gold is so value less I use it as as paving I use it as paving what you value so much I use it as as asphalt in heaven we that's so beyond me it's so beyond us isn't it it really is how are we going to have an understanding God fill us with your spirit may your holy spirit may your holy spirit drenches may your holy spirit fill us may your holy spirit pour out of us may we live as if we believe what we tell other people we believe may we do that so it's very powerful it's very powerful what God is going to do now in verses two and three in the middle of its of its street on and on either side of the river was the tree of life which bore twelve fruits each tree yielding its fruit every month and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations there shall be no more curse let the throne of God and of the lamb shall be in it and his servants shall serve him so the river flows down through middle of the city there's a tree there that is large enough to span the river the river is in the midst of the street the tree is on both sides of the river it's filling that the river is not necessarily wide but it is narrow and that allows for this allows for this arrangement and what you see here is called the tree of life now this tree of life that we're looking at here in verse two the tree of life is it's the what is called the counter part of the tree of life found in the Garden of Eden remember all the way back in Genesis chapter 3 verse 22 it is revealed that to eat of the tree of life would make physical death impossible and so what you have here is this is something that makes us aware of the fact that we're intended to inhabit New Jerusalem forever and in New Jerusalem this tree bears fruit that is edible continually now I should touch on this a fruit bearing tree is is a concept that you find in in the Bible that is often used as a picture of the blessing of God a fruit bearing tree fruit on a tree provides food and therefore it would be regarded as as a blessing you know the fruit that there is that is there on the tree if you can take of it you can you can eat of it in here on earth obviously it provides nutrients in all of us and all of that for us and and so it's something that that the Jew during the time of the writing of the Bible and to this day really they recognize that to have a fruit tree was to symbolize that God was providing for us and so what you have here is you have a tree that is symbolizing the blessings of God you see it's not that you need to eat the fruit to be to be to remain alive yeah I have a friend of mine who asked me that a while back you said David he said listen if we're in when we're with the Lord and everything is is completed why do you have a tree that you eat of I mean the Bible speaks concerning this this fruit of this tree why do you need to eat it he said is it is it going to be necessary for us to eat it to remain alive and I said I said no the reason that that there's a tree that is there is to symbolize the fact that God is providing for you continually will we eat in heaven yeah yeah we will but will we eat to live no we will eat for the sheer the pleasure of the amazing taste that you will experience think of for just a moment and there's no unpleasant tastes there so you could just remove that from your mind like you know no there's no unpleasant taste at all I don't want to go on this too long I just thought of it but I'll say it very quickly there have been times when you you see some grapes or you see some strawberries or fruit you know if you like fruit I happen to like certain kinds of fruit mango or something like that pineapple and you look at he's oh man that looks good and then you take some oh man it's bitter oh it's no good it's no good so you give it to somebody else you won't have that experience I can't imagine the perfection of taste but whatever it tastes like will be unimaginably delicious there will be great pleasure in eating whatever fruit there may be that the Lord provides absolutely so I actually think it's many it's gonna be cool I do I think it's me cool sit down I don't think there's manudo in heaven some of you will say well praise God you know for me that's that's gonna be a loss but but fruit represents the provision of God and the pleasure that's what it represents now when it says in verse 2 that it bore 12 fruits each year yielding its fruit every month you need to remember that there really isn't time the way you understand time today because they're not going to have seasons 12 year you know 12 month years and things like that there's no longer any time so this is a picture of a continuous provision that's the point he's making now it speaks of the leaves of the tree being for the healing of the nations that can be literally health-giving leaves and so the leaves of these trees promote the enjoyment of life in you Jerusalem it's not for healing sickness because there is no sickness you see life in heaven is going to be filled with energy it's going to be exciting it's going to be joyful as I mentioned food is eaten not to sustain life but simply to make life more pleasant and that's how it's going to be when we're there and it's going to be beautiful he says in verse 3 there shall be no more curse but the throne of God and the Lamb shall be in it and his servant shall serve him the curse of the earth has been removed and as already mentioned and already seen there is no longer sorrow there is no longer sickness there is no longer death there's no longer pain none of that none of that ever again no more mourning no more hurting just joy forevermore in in the book of Genesis in chapter 3 in verses 17 through 19 we read to Adam he said because you have heeded the voice of your wife and have eaten from the tree of which I commanded you saying you shall not eat of it cursed it is the ground for your sake in toil you shall eat of it all the days of your life both thorns and thistles it shall bring forth for you you shall eat the herb of the field in the sweat of your face you shall eat bread till you return to the ground for out of it you were taken for dust you are and to dust you shall return that's the curse I grow weeds very well plants that's another question but I can grow weeds and do a good job of that well there won't be any of that anymore you see creation according to Romans chapter 8 verse 19 creation waits in eager expectation for the sons of God to be revealed for the creation was subjected to frustration not by its own choice but by the will of the one who subjected it in hope that the creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay and brought into the glorious freedom of the children of God so creation itself is still in bondage because of the curse but because there's a new heaven and new earth there's no more curse and all of this is no longer in existence no more pain or sorrow or anything like that verse 4 they shall see his face in his name shall be on their foreheads there shall be no night there they need no lamp nor light of the sun for the Lord God gives him light and they shall reign forever we're going to be able and this is so powerful just a thought they shall see his face verse 4 they shall see his face we shall see him we will be able to endure the glory of God without being consumed by it in 1st Timothy chapter 6 verse 16 Paul said God dwells in unapproachable light whom no man has seen or can see God in his glory and here's something for y'all take a moment to develop this no man no human sinful person none of us in this room even though we're redeemed none of us has the capacity to look at the full glory of God unveiled Jesus Christ is the glory of God in human flesh that's how men could see him but one on one occasion Moses who is very well he had fellowship with God as a friend would speak to one face to face on one occasion Moses was speaking to God it's recorded in the book of Exodus in chapter 33 in verses 18 through 20 and and there it says he Moses said please show me your glory then he said I will make all my goodness past before you and I will proclaim the name of the Lord before you I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion but he said you cannot see my face for no man shall see me and live you know sometimes even a moment ago we're singing show us show us your glory Moses asked that and one day we shall see his glory and one day we shall but God said no man can look upon me with unveiled glory and live to look upon God it's impossible to do that without having repercussions but one of these days and this is what's being spoken of one of these days we will have glorified bodies and this full fellowship with him in 1st John chapter 3 verse 2 it says it like this beloved now we are children of God and it has not yet been revealed what we shall be but we know that when he is revealed we shall be like him for we shall see him as he is and if you have this hope in you you purify yourself John went on to say even as he is pure what is one of the motivations for holy living for living separated life because one of these days I'll be seeing him face to face one of these days and so you prepare yourself you live a life separated to the Lord and separate from sin you move away from the things that keep you in bondage and you move to the things that are part of the freedoms that Christ has given to you so instead of being like a dog that returns to its vomit or a pig that goes back to the mud that it's been cleansed from we follow the Lord with obedience and joy being blessed by God and in preparation for the day that we will finally see him as he is because if we really believe and here's something else for you you know when I first got saved I was taught I was taught this from the beginning that Jesus Christ is even at the door behold I come quickly is something I heard when I was first saved and so we were taught back when I got saved and obviously this has been taught in the church for long for many centuries be ready be ready be prepared be waiting to see him live in such a way that should he show up at this moment you'll be ready you don't want him to come suddenly and unexpectedly you want to be as the picture of a bride is prepared for her groom you want to be ready for when he comes and so I was taught that I was taught that from the beginning now was I living a real mature and very spiritually deep life and was I like just like you know a miniature Billy Graham or Chuck Smith no and I was a 20 year old snotty nose kid who was still rebellious I was a hippie I was a monster you know I was from the drugs and the alcohol and everything that went along with it and and and it takes it takes time it takes time for God to cleanse it does don't get frustrated and and don't and don't get to the point where you're where you want to give up you know I'll never I'll never know that's not my message I don't I don't preach sinless perfectionism I need God's grace like we sang tonight every day I need the grace of God every day every day I want to breathe it in and pour it out I need that we do what I am saying is this once again I believe that there are many people who could speak very well on issues related to the rapture the last days and things of that nature who perhaps haven't allowed that to change their behavior I've encountered more than one who's able to sit down and give a good rap about the last days they're quite a number of people who like to go to prophecy seminars and get the CDs or DVDs and listen to memorize and they're able to communicate but they're not being affected they're not they're not their lives aren't changed you know for me all I'll say it quickly just remember because I've shared this with you before Jesus taught us something and you need to know that there's a difference between and this will take a moment there's a difference between thinking like a Greek and thinking like a Hebrew and what do I mean by that well during the time of Christ Greek thinking was infiltrating the nation of Israel there are those who are being influenced by what is called Hellenism the Greek ways Greek culture Greek language and Greek philosophy and it was infiltrating the Jewish culture Americans are very Greek we think Greek I mean you have people who learn the Socratic method for teaching and stuff a lot of you know exactly what I'm talking about Americans are very Greek in the way we think and here's what I mean by that the Greeks had one thing in common that was this that they believe that knowledge was the accumulation of information that the more information I have the more knowledge I have that's a Greek way of thinking the Hebrews are different Jesus said why do you call me Lord Lord and do not the things that I say because in the Hebrew mind the accumulation of information was to produce transformation and the way that somebody was demonstrating that they knew something is when their lives changed so in the Hebrew way of thinking and you'll see this when we get into Matthew chapter 7 as we're studying Matthew now on Sunday mornings you'll see it very clearly where Jesus speaks concerning a man building on sand and another man building on a solid rock they both endure the same kinds of things but one man's house falls in the other one stands and he says why he says well because one person heard and did and the other person heard and did not do that's Hebrew so Jesus as a rabbi would be teaching his students don't just hear me here and do here and obey you'll see this in just a moment I'm actually getting ahead of my notes right now and so all I'm saying is listen we've gone through revelation and taken a while you've gotten information may it change the way that we live so that we really do think you know what Lord and believe you're even at the door my life should be different I'm a believer in Christ people know that and so that's what we're looking at right now now he says his name shall be on their foreheads that's another way of saying that they belong exclusively to him and they're gonna have joy forever they shall reign according to verse 5 forever and ever verse 6 then he said to me these words are faithful and true and the Lord God of the holy prophet sent his angel to show his servants the things which must shortly take place behold I am coming quickly blessed it is he who keeps the words of the prophecy of this book and see that's the point I was just making these words he said are faithful and true in other words the things that we're looking at right now if we had even an inkling of what he's trying to communicate would make us wonder and we'd say this is too good to be true so I say no these words are faithful and true God's word is trustworthy it's like what it says in 2nd Samuel 728 where we read oh Lord God you are God your words are true and then Jesus in verse 7 says behold I am coming quickly blessed it is he who keeps the words of the prophecy of this book his coming is even at the door belief translates into action let's see I remembered it was February 9th 1971 long before many of you were born and some of you were already very old at that time I had gone to a Bible study at Calvary Chapel we had heard that Jesus was coming and we were to be prepared and I was in bed when that and they had said they're going to be earthquakes and this and that I was in bed when my parents house began to shake it began to move there was a huge earthquake they hit and I have to tell you know I'm a veteran of thousands of earthquakes that was a pretty strong one and I lived in Norwalk at the time and that was a strong earthquake and the house began to tilt and move and when it did I got scared naturally and then I remembered what the pastor had said the night before he said this is a sign of Christ coming and I remember pushing the blankets off this is the true you won't believe it's kind of stupid now but I pushed the blankets off and I lifted my hands up come quickly Lord Jesus he didn't do just an earthquake but from the beginning from the beginning we were taught Jesus's word is true right and he says he's coming soon I come quickly and so what is he saying he the same thing blessed it is he who keeps the words of the prophecy of this book I am coming quickly I'm even at the door therefore live as if you expect that and Isaiah says it like this Isaiah 56 one thus says the Lord keep justice do righteousness for my salvation is about to come and my righteousness to be revealed Romans 13 11 do this understanding the present time the hour has come for you to wake up from your slumber because our salvation is nearer now than when we first believed Titus to 11 through 14 the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men it teaches us to say no to ungodliness and worldly passion to live self-controlled upright and godly lives in this present age while we wait for the blessed hope the glorious appearing of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ who gave himself for us to redeem us from all wickedness and to purify for himself a people that are his very own eager to do what is good and so that's what Jesus is saying he said keep the words of the prophecy of this book now in verse 8 I John saw and heard these things and when I heard and saw I fell down and down to worship before the feet of the angel who showed me these things he said to me see that you do not do that for I'm your fellow servant and of your brother and the prophets and of those who keep the words of this book worship God worship belongs exclusively to God not to angels and and I'll say this quickly and not to other believers be very careful I don't think I have to say that here in this fellowship but I'll say it be very careful that you keep your eyes on Jesus men will let you down I do do I want to let you down no do I want to be a good man yes can I and will I let you down yes I can will I I hope I don't but can I yes yeah yeah do I plan on letting you down no do I want to ever let you down no but can I yeah who can't let you down Jesus where should your eyes be on Jesus on Jesus in a world that is longing for heroes and in a world filled with those who want to be somebody's hero it's a dangerous combination the key to godly living is fear of God and remembering who you are and what you need the grace of God and remembering like Paul said who is Paul and who is Apollo's we are just servants if we can understand that now by the way that's something I say to myself as a pastor but that's what I say to other pastors when I minister to them we're not celebrities we're not that important we're simply servants of the King make sure that people see the King and not you keep your eyes on the Lord John is so taken that actually falls down before an angel and he says worship God something he has to be reminded of he done this before in chapter 19 the second time he does in Revelation in verse 10 he said to me do not seal the words of the prophecy of this book for the time is at hand he was unjust let him be unjust still he was filthy let him be filthy still he was righteous let him be righteous still he was holy let him be holy still and so the time is short you need to proclaim these prophecies you need to share what I've revealed here in the Revelation there is no more Revelation coming this is it if you reject this there's no new message that is coming it's like what it says in Jude verse 3 beloved although I was very eager to write to you about the salvation we share I felt I had to write and urge you to contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints is there a need for a new Revelation no was there a need for a new book a new holy book no does that mean that that that that I don't as a person that I don't accept the Quran as the Word of God that's exactly what it means I do not accept the Quran as the Word of God it's not do I accept the the pearl of great price or the book of Mormon as words from God no I do not why there is no new Revelation coming this is it and God gave it to us and he said contend earnestly for the faith that one time for all time has been delivered to the saints this is the truth and this is what we proclaim so when somebody says oh I have a new Revelation if it doesn't fit within what scripture has taught then I reject it so if they want to say that Jesus came to Palmyra New York and there were golden tablets and special spectacles and things of that nature I reject that I care for the people who are trying to share that with me because I care about them as people I want them to know the truth of the Lord Jesus Christ I don't mock them and I certainly don't think they're ridiculous people they're sincere but they're wrong but they're wrong the Word of God was given to us when time for all time and as believers we contend for the faith that has been delivered to us and trusted to us now when he says in verse 11 he who was unjust let him be unjust still etc that would speak of people's response to the truth those who hear but reject the truth and remain in sin are sealing their own futures if you hear the truth and harden yourself you're sealing your own eternity in verse 12 behold I'm coming quickly my reward is with me to give to everyone according to his work I am the Alpha and the Omega the beginning and the end the first and the last I'm coming quickly and I'm bringing a reward that's a reward that believers receive when he returns he rewards their faithfulness as they have lived and served him it's like what Paul said in 2nd Corinthians 510 when he said we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ that each one may receive what is do him for the things done while in the body whether good or bad so he's speaking of the reward that comes blessed verse 4 14 are those who do his commandments that they may have the right to the tree of life and may enter through the gates into the city but outside are dogs and sorcerers sexually immoral and murderers and idolaters and whoever loves and practices a lie I Jesus have sent my angel to testify to you these things in the churches I am the root and the offspring of David the bright and morning star so notice you heard me mention a moment ago about hearing and doing that's what he's saying blessed that are those who do his commandments that they may have the right to the tree of life so those who are qualifying for entrance are those who have been obedient to his word one of my favorite scriptures is is Luke 646 Jesus says why do you call me Lord Lord and do not the things which I say if you love me he said in John 14 15 keep my commandments you know my wife my wife Marie could tell me all day long she loves me but if she if her activities and actions do not line up with the words I'll have every reason to wonder whether or not she knows what the word love means if she says I love you exclusively but that's only on Friday and Saturday and the rest of the week I go out with our other guys I'd have a bit of a problem with that she has to make a choice love me and I wasn't willing to take a relationship that was only good two out of seven days I've shared this with you before I was teasing her about it just the other day so I'll say it to you out loud some of you've heard me say this Maria and I were dating we'd been going around for a while going out we I was taking her out on a date it was a Saturday night I was on the five freeway I was going in Anaheim I so remember the general location if any of you guys know where Disneyland is we all do off the five going south and as we were driving now you got to understand Marie was 22 and she was a new Christian probably two or three months old in the Lord and you may find this interesting but I've never been one who dominate somebody and tells them you need to do this and you can't do that it appears that way sometimes and I'm teaching what I'm doing is opening my heart to you but on one on one relationship I believe that God directs the footsteps of those who means called and so I'll encourage you but I don't condemn you so Marina are dating and as we're driving she points out this this place off to the right she says you see that right there and I said yeah she says that was there last night it was a dance club I said really she goes yeah I said what were you doing she goes out on went dancing we loved to dance she used to love to dance I said oh so we're driving she said some guy was dancing with me I said well yeah go to dance she goes he asked my for my phone number I said oh you give it to him she said no why not well I told him I have a boyfriend this is the truth before the Lord I turned like that and I looked at her you got a boyfriend I'm not kidding I was shocked I didn't know it I didn't know it you got a boyfriend she goes yeah and it got quiet I can't go why am I wasting my money on this girl who who's your boyfriend you and this is as God as my witness I looked at her I said I'm not your boyfriend she goes what I said I'm not your boyfriend what do you mean by that I said listen if I were your boyfriend you wouldn't have been there last night dancing she never went again it's the truth I didn't tell her not to go go dance dance your feet off but if you're gonna copy mine ain't gonna happen do you think the Lord may speak that to your heart sometime he's spoken it to mine I've got a savior you got a savior who you I was your savior you wouldn't be doing that is that hard it's not hard it's not hard it's just real it's just real why do you call me Lord Lord and do not the things that I say isn't that a beautiful question isn't it powerful it's very touching it's a very touching question so am I teaching you legalism now I'm teaching you love teaching you to love him because when you love him you have liberty in him and when you have liberty in him you're free to serve him and you do it with joy because you know the reward that is awaiting us is so amazing is so amazing and so that's the way it works outside are the habitual sinners he gives a list of them dogs that's interesting and I'm not gonna go through everyone they're self explanatory but when he speaks concerning outside our dogs do you think well yeah you mean there's no doggies in heaven you know dogs are is a word it's not like the young young people say it was happening dog it's not that though sometimes it is dogs are men of low character men of low character in scripture are called dogs Isaiah 56 10 I'll give you an example Israel's watchmen are blind they all lack knowledge they are all mute dogs they cannot bark they lie around and dream they love to sleep so dogs are as it is a word that refers to people with no character and so that's what he's referring to and then he speaks of the others and I want you to remember sorcerers yes that's magic and yes that can be casting spells but it's also the word that has a root where you get it's called it the Greek word is pharmaciatr pharmaciatr is where we get the word pharmaceutical pharmaceutical is translated drugs and so he's speaking about those who are addicted to drugs drug users is what's being referred to people who habitually are using drugs and yes they were used for casting spells and a variety of other things but that's what it's referring to sexually immoral murderers idolaters and whoever loves and practices the lie this is just a general list of those who don't enter in then he says I Jesus have sent my angel to testify to you these things in the churches I am the root and the offspring of David the bright and morning star and the spirit and the bride say come let him who hears say come let him who thirsts come and whoever desires let him take the water of life freely I testify to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book if anyone adds to these things God will add to him the plagues that are written in this book if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy God shall take away his part from the book of life from the holy city and from the things which are written in this book he who testifies to these things says surely I am coming quickly amen even so come Lord Jesus the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all amen we close with a couple of thoughts when he says in verse 16 I Jesus sent my angel to testify he is the line of David he brings the this brings the day of his rule he is called the bright and the morning star so as the morning star usher's in the sun he said so shall I usher in the eternal glories of the kingdom but when it says in verse 17 the spirit and the pride say come this is an invitation there are those that on occasion you want to say why do you guys what you Calvary guys usually say you Calvary guys why do you Calvary guys give invitations I get letters sometimes where people ask that question why do you give invitations because from Genesis to Revelation you see invitations from Genesis to Revelation are you gonna you can go all the way back when when the Scripture says that Adam and Eve had partaken of the forbidden fruit and the voice of the Lord cried out and said Adam where are you now you need to understand you need to understand this that that that was not God saying gosh I can't see you there's nothing hidden from the side of God it's not like suddenly they disappeared so what would that be why would God say to Adam where are you well because because Satan asked Eve has God said Eve misrepresented God took of the forbidden fruit gave to her husband he did eat and so in the taking of the forbidden fruit their eyes were opened they entered into a sinful state and God is simply saying now that you have rejected my word which was a command to you not to do something where are you where are you where are you and that's the whole point where are you he wasn't saying I don't know where you are he was saying tell me where you are you know what that's called confession it's not like I don't know is that you need to know because there are too many people who will not admit where they're at but the best thing you can ever do is say I have sinned and I'm sorry that's called confession you have invitation from the beginning to the end the spirit and the bride say come Jesus said if any man comes to me if any man's thirsty let him come to me and drink it's an invitation then a man desires to follow me let him pick up his cross daily and follow me that's an invitation you see invitations all from Genesis to the revelation there are those who are arguing right now said oh no you don't give invitation now I see Jesus I see God himself I see the spirit and the bride doing the same and by the way that's what we're supposed to be doing every one of us are deputized by the spirit of God to take this word out everyone and here's something for you pray about whom you might know who doesn't know Jesus and start sharing with them share with them is anybody here know anybody doesn't know Jesus we all we all do we all do pray for them share with them invite them tell them what you know and say come and see come and see invite you know what Christmas is a good time to do that Christmas is a good time to do that invite them to church watch what God does the spirit and the bride say come and then finally don't add to this book and don't take from it this is the entire revelation from God when it's it says in Deuteronomy 1232 see that you do all I command you do not add to it or take away from it that is something that is really not simply the revelation though it is applying to that but in reality it can speak of the whole word of God and then finally he who testifies to these things says I am coming quickly and all we need to do tonight is simply say amen come quickly Lord Jesus


Okay, let's talk about the computer space link, the next generation of interconnect, overview and the status of Linux. Please let me myself, myself, my name is Yasunori Goto. I have worked for Linux and related OSS since 2002. I developed for memory hot flag feature of Linux kernel and I worked for technical support for troubles of Linux kernel and et cetera. And currently, I'm a leader of Fujitsu Linux kernel development teams. For some years, I have mainly worked for persistent memory and I presented some press about passionate memory right here. And currently, my team has been working on CXL since April 2023. Please note the following. Please refer the CXL specification for proper understanding. Anyone can download the CXL specification from official site. What you need is only registering your name and email address to the site. Though I try to make sure there is no mistakes in my presentation, there might be misunderstandings or inaccuracies yet. The CXL specification and related specification are very huge and I could read only some parts of them. And CXL 3.1 is 1166 pages and related specification is very huge. So if you can find mistakes, please let me know. And I recommend it for you to study PCI or PCI Express and ACPH specification beforehand. The CXL specification is too difficult if you don't know them. Anyway, I hope my presentation helps you to understand CXL. Here is today's contents. At first, I'd like to talk about overview of CXL specification until 2.0. And additional specification of CXL 3.0 and 3.1. And finally, I'd like to talk about the status of the current Linux for CXL, memory clearing and memory hotplug or memory book. Okay, let's start about overview of CXL until 2.0. What is the computer express link? It's a new specification of Interconnect which connects device like PCI Express. CXL is abbreviation of computer express link. Official white paper says an open industry standard Interconnect offering high bandwidth low latency connectivity. It's suitable to connect smart device like GPGPU, SmartNIC, FPGA, computer storage and so on. In addition, it's also useful to expand memory, volatile memory and persistent memory. The newest revision of specification is 3.1 which was released last month 14th. CXL seems to be winner against other competing specifications. The board of directors of CXL includes numerous vendors and service providers, Alibaba, AMD, ArmSysco and blah, blah, blah, blah, and Meta, Intel and Microsoft and so on. Other competing specification seems not to be promising. OpenCopy and GenG were assimilated into CXL. And CCIX, CCIX is not active. There's no new information after 2019 in CCIX express release. Since the promoter companies of CCIX are also members of CXL, so they can select CXL instead of CCIX. So why CXL become necessary? The first reason is increasing demand for fast processing of data. It's influencing of current technology trends such as machine learning. The second reason is the need to off-road processing due to reaching the limitation of CPU performance enhancement. GPGPU, FPGA or SmartNIC must handle the processing instead. And finally, memory capacity must be increased. Though the number of CPU core increases, memory capacity does not follow it. Since DDR is a parallel interface, it's difficult to increase the number of CPU pins to connect more memory. So new interconnect becomes necessary to connect devices and memories instead of PCI-Express or DDR. So what is the advantage of CXL? Here is an example of calculation of GPGPU will be more effective. So far, a CPU and device must transfer data and instruction in bulk between DDR-DRAM and GPGPU memory. Not only data, but also instructions for GPGPU must be transferred. It's a bit troublesome and need time for the transfer. CXL allows that CPU and GPGPU can access other size memory interactively. It will be effective for machine learning or any other modern analysis. Similar benefits can be obtained when you upload the data processing to FPGA or SmartNIC. To access each other's memory effectively, not only CPU, but also devices requires the use of cache to access memory from the other size interactively. Currently, PCI-Express does not allow the use of cache for transfer data. Even if device memory is mapped to the host address space, CPU must use write-through access, which is slow. Device need to transfer their data in bulk by DMA, which is not possible to interactively load and write memory. So there are requirements against the above limitation. CPUs and devices want to have interactive access using cache. They want to write back their cache when it's necessary. So CXL is created for the above requirements. So CXL with all those says the following. Computer-Express link is industrially support cache-coferent interconnect for memory, expansion, and accelerators. But what is cache-coferent here? So far, only CPUs must negotiate caching information for memory access to each other. There are some famous protocols for cache coherency. For example, machine and Moesi. Machine's M means modified, and E is exclusive and shared and invalid. To access each other between CPUs and devices with cache, the devices also need to coordinate cache information with CPUs. CXL realizes it with Mesi protocol. Here is the characteristics of CXL. CXL utilize CPI-Express specification generation 5.0 or later. Its physical layer is same with PCI-Express, but upper layer becomes CXL original protocol. PCI-Express generation 5.0 or later allows different protocols, packet on each bus. CXL protocol is mixture of the following three types of protocols. CXL-Io is used for CXL device detection error report by PCI-Express way. CXL cache is used to request or communicate cache information between devices and accelerators and CPUs. And CPU mem used to request for memory access between devices, accelerators, and CPUs. CXL-Io is same protocol with PCI-Express, but others are new protocol of CXL. There are three definition of device type of CXL. Type one device is it has cache and does not have memory or its inside memory is not shown to host. For example, SmartNIC or FPGA, which has above structure. It use protocol of CXL-Io and CXL cache. Type two device is which shows cache and memory to host. It's good example is GPGPU or FPGA, which shows device internal memory to host. This type of device use all of protocol CXL-Io, CXL cache, and CXL mem. And type three device is memory expansion which connects CXL. It's for volatile memory and or persistent memory. It use CXL-Io and CXL mem. CXL type two device manage their cache status by a device coherence engine. DCOH, it's a component of in the device and it must maintain status of cache of the device and memory access. Device memory, which is included in the device and it's shown to host is called host managed device memory. How to access from type two device to HDM is here. As CXL device need to select the following status to access its memory, which is shown to host CPU. The first one is host bias state. Device needs to request CPUs to keep cache coherency before accessing device-attached memory. Like this green arrow, it must send request to host CPU once, then it can access device-attached memory. Next one is device bias state. Device can access device-attached memory without consulting the host coherence engines. After bias flip, this green arrow, device can access ID relation and bandwidth. CXL 3.0 specification audit another way. I'll talk it later. I need to talk about the features of type three memory device. The following configuration is available. You can configure device as memory pool as the follows. Use one memory device to one memory region and bind managed pool device to single memory region and divide one device to multiple regions. In addition, interactive is available. This example is eight-way interactive by host bridge and CXL switches. CXL has binding of port of CXL switch. So far, upstream port must be only one in a PCI express switch. However, a CXL switch can have multiple upstream ports in it. You can bind a downstream port to upstream port dynamically. To configure binding, a component which is called as a fabric manager is unnecessary. Public manager can be implemented any style like the following. Software which running on host machine, embedded software running on a BMC like a sub-management software, embedded software running on another CXL device, and state machine running within the CXL device itself. Type 3 memory device can be divided into multiple regions as logical device and assigned to different hosts. In this figure, type 3 device is divided to two logical devices. Logical device one and logical device two can be bound to different upstream port. These upstream ports may be connected to different hosts. The fabric manager is responsible for dividing logical device and binding them to each port. In addition, hot plug is supported. CXL 2.0 devices will be hot-pluggable like PCI express device. It means CXL type 3 memory device will be hot-pluggable. Not only persistent memory, but also volatile memory will be hot-pluggable as a hardware specification. In past, Fujitsu made special servers which support volatile memory hot-plug. Memory hot-plug of Linux kernel was developed for it at first. But many servers may support memory hot-plug by CXL in future. Not only replacing a physical device, but you can add memory area which is hot removed from another server. It will be important future for memory pool. Here is a memory pool use case. Memory pool distributes a part of its regions to other servers as needed. Example of all the use case of banking system is here. In daylight, it gives much memory to servers which access ATM transaction and in night, it gives memory to other servers which processes batch jobs like payload transfer. So far, this feature is only possible by a special server which supports memory hot-plug. Another option is to use virtual machine on the same host, but it's not possible to pass a memory area to other hosts. CXL make it possible by establishing an open standard specification. And next use case is failover. A server can take over regions previously used by another failed server. Not only memory, but also a GPGPU may be able to take over its processing in future. Okay, next section is CXL 3.0 and 3.0 specification updates. Here is a list of new features of CXL 3.0. It was released one year ago, August 1st. The right table is quoted from its white paper. Personally, notable feature is fabric manage, fabric capabilities and memory sharing and enhanced coherency. And there is other thing update. It is twice speed than 2.0, but it just comes from PCAXL 6.0 specification. And multi-level switching is supported. It allowing CXL switch higher case and direct memory access for PRT-PI is supported by 3.0 and et cetera. But today, I'll talk about the three features which are notable, I think. The first one is fabric capability. Fabric connection is supported. The topology of connection was three structure whose root was one root port until CXL 2.0. Even dynamic binding is available. Three structure is same with PCAXL. CXL 3.0 allows fabric connection via CXL switch like the right figure. The number of maximum nodes is 4,069, 1996. It can connect CXL devices with the shortest distance between servers. This is the most notable new feature for me. It will be basis of the next generation of distributed computing. Port-based routing is introduced for this capability. Messages in the fabric are sent with the port IDs of source and destination. Each ID is 12 bit for 4,096 nodes. If a CXL switch supports port-based routing, it's called PBR switch. And a fabric manager needs to distribute IDs to PBR switch via management network. What is management network is, it can be SM bus, I2C, I3C, or Ethernet, all of them is okay. Our next feature is enhanced coherency. CXL 3.0 allows that a device can have cache coherency information. In CXL 2.0, only CPU leads to maintain it. Device need to ask CPUs to access its memory beforehand. In other words, CXL CPUs and CXL devices have asymmetric relationship for cache coherency. In CXL 3.0, the relationship between CPUs and devices is symmetric. The DCOH of device watches cache coherency information on CXL. In addition, the device can request CPUs to update their cache information if necessary. For this purpose, back-in-validation SNP, BISNP channel is ordered to CXL Memo protocol. Here is an example of enhanced coherency. Specification describes a variety of access patterns and timing between a CPU and a device. This figure is simplified example of BISNP protocol. In at first, CPU would like to access data address X of data, but device need to flash cache address Y and request its data. So before getting data X, CPU must write address data Y. After that, device can provide its data of X. So device can actively request CPU to change cache state and transfer data depending on the device state like this figure. To confirm more correct sequence, please see the disk section in the spec. This is very interesting, I think. It describes various sequences and you can understand how cache is managed actually. And please check it. And finally, next feature is memory sharing. Memory sharing between hosts is available. Each host can work together by shared memory. Fabric manager has a role of configuration of which memory regions to share and how to share in them. There are two ways to how to manage cache coherency. Manage host hardware coherency. CXL device has a future to manage cache coherency. And when a CPU requests data write to a device memory, the device need to coordinate cache information of other host CPUs. Next one is software managed coherency. Software need to manage cache coherency between host by itself. Even if the device does not have mechanism to coordinate cache coherency, this way is available. The actual mechanism by free software coordinate cache co-information is out of the scope of the CXL specification. And here is the update of CXL 3.0, it's summary. Today, I'll briefly outline some of update features. Fabric enhancements, most specifications have been noted for the public feature. The first one is global integrated memory. It's used for enabling remote DMA and messaging across domains via CXL fabrics. And the next one is dynamic routing. Message transfer can use different paths between source and destination for dynamically. I suppose personally, it seems a bit similar to the IP routing of TCP IP. It is determined by congestion avoidance and traffic distribution across multiple links or link connectivity changes. Our next one is security enhancement. So far, CXL has supported CXL integrity and data encryption, CXL IDE feature. In addition, CXL 3.1 also supports confidential computing. So CXL TSP is defined. TSP means trusted execution environment security protocol. It defines mechanism for allowing VMM guest to execute using a trusted boundary on direct-attach CXL memory. Okay, next section is the status of current Linux for CXL. Summary of current status is here. Basic implementation of CXL memory driver and commands has been developed. The driver can detect CXL memory devices and you can configure memory region interleaved by CXL command. The repository of CXL command is same with NDPontrol, which is the command for passionate memory. And the solution for the memory tiering issue was developed. CXL memory makes an environment which is called as memory tiering due to variety of access latency. Since Redux memory management system did not consider it, new feature was developed. There are some difficult issues for CXL memory hot plug, memory pool future yet. Even CXL ROS device hot plug feature as a hardware specification, Redux has some issues for CXL memory hot plug. Today I'll talk about the latter two topics. The first one is memory tiering. CXL memory has a difference of access latency compared to DDR memory. CXL passionate memory will be slower than CXL DRAM memory. And access over CXL switch is slower than direct accessing. As a result, memory access latency become tiering. The nearest DRAM from CPU, DRAM on another node, CXL DRAM and CXL female and CXL DRAM over CXL switch. For this problem, CXL memory region is treated as a CPU less NUMAN node. Since Redux NUMAN implementation considers for difference of memory latency, it's also suitable for CXL memory. There is no CPUs in the CXL memory device, so the NUMAN node of CXL memory becomes CPU less. In past, Redux memory management system did not have enough consideration for CPU less NUMAN node. Currently, Redux NUMAN balancing policy is to use nearest memory from CPUs. It allocates memory on the same node with the CPU which process execute if possible. If auto NUMAN balancing is on, contents of memory area on a far node are moved to node where the process is running. Since a CXL memory node does not have CPUs, process cannot execute on the CXL memory node. As a result, CXL memory may not be utilized as expected even if NUMAN balancing is used. So Intel developed a new feature to solve this problem. Its name is Demotion and Promotion. Instead of swap out and swap in, kernel migrates cold page to CPU less node, its demotion, and it migrates hot page to nearest NUMAN node from CPUs, its promotion. So far, when a page is swapped out, CPUs cannot access its data until swap in. However, even if a page is demoted, CPUs can still access it, its difference of swap out. Kernel decides which pages should be demoted in the page reclaim procedure. When a page is accessed by a threshold type, kernel promotes it. The default threshold is one second, but the kernel automatically adjusts it based on the amount of promotion candidates and its boundaries. This first walk was completed in kernel 6.1 months. In addition, the community continues to enhance the algorithm for selecting the demotion target. So far, kernel has only used all specifications which provides only ratios against the nearest memory latency. Since ACP and HMAT can provide detailed performance data, they are developed to use it. And CXL has also more effective performance information by CDAT. It may be used for it in the future. Okay, next is issue of memory hot pack memory pool. CXL memory hot remove memory pool has three big issues. The first one is more software components are necessary for memory pool. And next one is the CXL specification itself causes difficulty in hot removing a CXL memory device. Not only specification, but there are many obstacles for memory hot remove in Linux. Unfortunately, I have not enough time to talk all of them today. So I'll talk about the last issue. What is obstacle for memory hot remove? Please check appendix of my presentation about the other issues. You can, I'll update after this presentation. My presentation will be uploaded to the speaker deck. And also, sked.org has already my presentation and you can see it. In addition, I'd like to recommend that you read my discussion at the community mailing list if you have more concern about these issues. To talk the problem, I need to introduce how memory migration works. To remove memory dynamically, contents of removing memory must be migrated to another place. Kernel moves the contents of migration from removing memory to another memory without changing virtual address. This is memory migration. Basically, this can work for user process memory, but it cannot work for memory used by the kernel or drivers because its virtual address must be changed when the physical address is changed. Unfortunately, even if the memory is used by the user process, there are cases that memory migrate cannot work. You cannot hot remove such area. So long-term pin pages are one of big obstacle of memory migration. Already my future, like InfiniBand, pins pages of users processing to transfer data from the pages without mediation by kernel. Kernel cannot migrate pinned pages because they may be under data transfer by the device. I guess the DPDK or any fast performance devices features may have same problems. And such kind of feature will increase. And VMGest also tends to pin pages to skip kernel or hypervisor for performance improvement. I think there is an unburnt requirements like the following. There are many things which want to pin pages and skip kernel to make better performance. But kernel has the responsibility of any resources management in OS and memory hot-proof is one of them. The difficulty of improving CPU performance causes increasing the left-side requirements. Though kernel needs to manage total balance of system, it cannot be achieved by bypassing it. So I believe the root cause is lack of communication between such feature and the Linux kernel. Current solution of Linux is here. Before pinning memory, the memory areas on removable memory, the kernel migrates contents of the areas to unmovable memory like DDR memory. The current kernel can create zone-movable areas based on user's configuration. Zone-movable was created to ensure that removable memory is not used by the kernel and drivers. Therefore, it's beneficial for the 6-L memory pool to allow hot-proof. To configure zone-movable, please refer the kernel documentation in the source code. If for long-term plug is specified for the area, the data transfer target, the Linux kernel migrates them for zone-movable to another suitable place before pinning pages and the data transfer. This is reasonable solution for now, but it may not be the final solution. If the amount of DDR memory is relatively too small compared to 6-L memory, it may not be enough for pinning pages, pinning areas. And VM guest also tend to pin pages of hyperbother. If a large number of VM guest are executed, 6-L memory may not be affected due to DDR memory shortage. So, 6-L specification provides new approach. It's called dynamic capacity device. It's introduced in 6-L 3.0 specification. It allows that you can gather removable small memory blocks until required capacity rather than trying to remove stacked memory blocks. Then, they can be transferred to another host. Memory pool will be available by this specification. However, I suppose it may cause other problems. A 6-L memory device will have a mixture of following memory blocks. Removal memory and removable memory used by another host interleaved with other memory devices and shared by other hosts. It manages, it will be very difficult. In addition, in referencing of the device, maybe it's difficult, so I worry about it. So, one of my idea for future is here. On-demand paging may solve this issue. ODP is a way a device can transfer data by RDMA without a pinning pages. It's communicating between a device and a Linux kernel. When a kernel is going to invalidate a page for support of one memory migration, it can notify the event to the driver and the device. When the device needs to access the invalidated page again, hardware asks the driver to execute a procedure like page forward and can restart the data transfer. Currently, only NVIDIA network card support it yet. However, I hope more hardware vendors will support it. To understand ODP, I recommend the following. The melanox presentation and their paper are very helpful to understand ODP. And since we are developing ODP support pass it for software key, you can check and try it without any special hardware. Anyway, here is the conclusion. I talked about Shakespeare specification overview and talked about the new specification of Shakespeare 3.0 and 3.1 and current status of Linux kernel development community. I hope that many vendors will release Shakespeare devices and boost the market. I also hope that many people will develop future drivers for Shakespeare in Linux community. Seguracy. Okay. Have you done any benchmarking with the current NVIDIA product yet? Currently, we don't have benchmark. We can provide in public place. Internally, we've estimated how much performance is executed in Shakespeare memory. Currently, it's emulation. Thank you very much. One more, one more, okay. Okay, thank you for your detailed explanation. Could you go to the slide showing the new features of Shakespeare 3.1? Okay, in this slide, Shakespeare 3.1 support DMA and messaging across domains via CXFabric. I'd like to know what domain means in this context and also the use case of this new feature. Okay, in Shakespeare specification, domains means often says it's servers. So you can understand domains means servers. So global integrated memory provides the future servers across RDMA via CXFabric. Is it? Oh, okay. So RDMA over CXFabric is one use case in new feature. Okay, thank you. Okay, thank you very much.


My first impression about Israel was something tense, through people and through the corner of the street. Everything seems to be not relaxed, so I didn't know what it was. But when time passes, I begin to understand what it's about. I traveled mainly to the West Bank and the Negev Desert. I traveled a lot between Jerusalem and Jericho. And then I made a lot of pictures in between. There's some maladmin, and some ruins, and the Bedouin cemeteries. So maybe the most part I produced a lot was that area. I did research, but it didn't help me actually when I photographed. And then I found the most interesting image in the middle of nowhere, unnamed road. Process is very different between what I did in Israel and what I did in other places. Usually when I go on the trip, I didn't push myself to make a picture. I went there to see what the landscape was about. If I feel like to photograph, I bring out the camera. But here I went to Israel to make a picture, and then I didn't choose the place. So from the beginning, I had a little pressure that I had to express something and produce an image. And then also I made an exploratory mission for 10 days. And then it helped in a way to understand Israel. However, that was not the way I usually work. Too much information to me. So in the beginning, I couldn't avoid complicated thought about the place while I'm facing the land with the camera. But I made a four-times trip and then later on I began to avoid all the information and then all my first impressions about Israel. I could be a little bit freer later on, but it still remains in my photograph. My process is my own technique. I make a print on the Korean mulberry paper with liquid light and then create some kind of texture, almost like skin. I think it creates some kind of encounter between the viewer and the landscape or object where I photograph. So I let people feel through something beyond the image itself. So in this project, I could control both in the dark room in a very primitive way, and then also I could control the tone on the computer. I'm very satisfied with what I came out, made it. My work is about this place in Israel. However, people would feel Jung Jin's place. And then also at the same time, I want people to see our place. So I hope to deal with some kind of eternal presence through the object or landscape. So I want to share our emotions. It's not just about Israel or the people, the life in Israel. It's a fundamental emotion we all have. So I always hope that the people understand my work without seeing the caption or description. That's my hope.


Can you learn karate from a book? Or any martial art for that matter? In light of current events, many dojos remain closed, which makes a lot of alternative training methods that much more appealing. But the question comes down to just how much of an art can you learn from printed material and how would you go about doing it? Today's question actually comes from one of our Patreon members, Basawotro Septrid, and he asks, can you actually learn martial arts from a book that has descriptions and pictures to guide you along? Now we've had a couple of discussions in the past about learning from videos and DVDs and online programs, and I briefly touched upon printed material, but I think now is the goodest time as any to take a deeper look into this topic. Now when it comes to actually finding printed material, we're in an age where information is at our fingertips and there's no shortage of books out there. I mean, you could probably spend a lifetime searching for all sorts of different martial arts texts and workbooks and manuals and thesis and whatever. So I think it really comes down to focusing on what your goal is, what you're trying to achieve and learn, and then picking the right material for that goal. You have books on history, principles and concepts, theories, biographies, workbooks, forms, and even technical manuals, which we're going to include in this topic because it's still all part of printed material. So can you learn from a book and printed material? Let's answer the question right now. Sure, of course, why couldn't you? There's absolutely a lot of education you could draw from reading printed material on a martial art. As long as you understand that there's a limit to what that material can provide you. See, books are a great way to learn about an art, great to learn theory, great to learn deeper levels in academic information, in the best case scenario. And yes, you can learn some technique from it, but much like video instruction, the limits are you do not have that live classroom environment. And a lot of people underestimate just how important that is. Without a live instructor, without actual hands on feedback, you're missing the big chunk of the art. You can't really know that you're applying it. It's great if you can memorize something. That's one thing. But if you want to be able to apply it effectively, you need live instruction and correction and you need a partner to work it on and resistance training. That's how you can get the most out of your arts. But we are in times where sometimes that personal connection is limited, so we do have to make do with what we have. So exactly how do you get the most out of training from a book? First, I think you have to break it down into two perspectives. One is your academic information, your theory, learning about your art. And then second perspective is the curriculum and techniques, basically your workbooks and your technical manuals. They're kind of two different animals, and you need to approach each one two different ways. So let's start with curriculum based, because I believe that's what most people are seeking out when they're looking for manuals and printed material. When you're trying to learn curriculum and techniques from printed material, you have to take an extra level of caution because you now are adding in an additional step of translation that you don't have with video. Because you see with a video, when you watch a technique performed and taught via video, you're getting audio in terms of description and narration with it. You're actually seeing the play out on the video screen, you can see reference points, you can even align your body to mimic it. And then you're seeing the whole thing is, it's almost like a live instruction. It's a full presentation, but you only have that one step of disconnect where you don't get that feedback. When it comes to printed material, you don't have that visual cue. And you don't have that narration that it's all internalized. So you have to read the printed words and then internalize that visualization inside your head and then use that as a reference point. So it's like an extra step of work to do in order to mimic those techniques. But the keyword I want to focus on there is mimic. Is that what you're doing? Are you just mimicking it? And if that's the case, are you truly learning the material? Or are you just memorizing the sequence? I heavily recommend finding material that explains the why along with the how. Nothing that just says block, punch, kick, but explaining why. Why are you stepping a certain way? Why is your balance a certain way? You're positioning the reasoning behind it. Sometimes it's theory, sometimes it's traditional, but I think it's important to have that why along with the how. Even when the material is accompanied by photos, it might just say, you know, step one, step two, step three and have photos with it. But even then it can be deceiving. It depends on the photography taken and the quality of the work. Many times the photography can be very, very highly detailed. You can see very good reference points. It's taken from multiple angles. Other times there's just single shots. And depending on how it's presented, you don't have that sense of depth. So you might not always get the correct alignment, depending on what the techniques are. So there's still, even with photos, there's still a lot of fine detail that you can miss with printed material. So I would like to reference the Shodokon Karate Bible. I've used this book before, especially in the Shodokon episodes, but I kind of like it as a visual reference. I like the way it's laid out. And I have an interest in just kind of learning about Shodokon. You know, I'm not using this for any training, but it's more of an educational part on my side. But I'd like to point out though, that even though it's got a lot of highly detailed pictures, if you notice that sometimes the pictures are just profile shots, against the white background, you lose that sense of depth. Photography flattens space. And when you flatten space, you lose that sense of depth and it makes it hard to have a reference point. Now in many cases in the book, there are alternate angles shown, but not in every instance. And that being said, that's one example of how you could find yourself in trouble if you're trying to learn solely from the book, because what point of reference do you have and who's going to be there to correct you about it. But even with that being said, that's one reason I like this book, because they even take the step to acknowledge that it's easy to make mistakes, and they even show you some examples and corrections that you have to be aware of. So again, when it comes to using photos, photos help with the book. They help a lot. They're a great visual point. They're not quite as good of a reference as video, in my opinion, but they help, but you still can't take it for granted. You still have to exercise caution when learning with this method. And that gets really important because early mistakes can cause you a lot of problems down the line. And for that reason, my advice to you is if you're going to try to learn something from a book, I really believe you should have somewhat of a fundamental understanding of either that art or similar martial arts. You want to know your basics. You want to have a foundation, because if you're just starting, if it's something you're completely unfamiliar with, again, you don't have that live instruction.  You can develop some really bad habits, maybe something that could be bad for your own health and your body structure, that could cause your problems down the line, or maybe even just the way that techniques are applied. So I think you need somewhat of a fundamental understanding because you don't want to make those mistakes early and have them become ingrained and become horrible habits that you're going to have a hard time breaking later. Because trust me, you perform something and it becomes muscle memory and you find out later it's wrong. It takes a lot of work to correct it. So to illustrate this point, we recently did an episode on the Gojirukata of Sanchin and the question of whether or not the kata can give you hemorrhoids if you do it incorrectly. Now I can already hear the, huh, out there. So definitely go check that out. It was kind of a fun topic and an interesting study, I thought. But it highly illustrates the point of small details, big differences. And don't take for granted that books are always correct.  Now, thankfully in my own cases, I do have some experience learning from printed material, especially when my school closed for two years, I was on my own. And every once in a while, I did come across a typo or a small error. And if I didn't have already a fundamental understanding of the art and of my basics, I might have gone completely off course. So you do have to be careful with that. If it's something you're unfamiliar with altogether, you might not realize it if it's a mistake. Whenever possible, seek out video samples. We are in the age of YouTube and internet. Somebody somewhere has likely uploaded what you're trying to learn. So my recommendation is read your material, walk through it a few times, visualize it, internalize it, then stand up and try to walk through it, get what you think is a good idea of it, and then go look up some video samples. See if you can find clips of someone performing it. You'd be surprised what you might find. It might be different than what you thought. It might answer some questions. It might even raise some questions. So, but be wary. Everyone does things differently, and a lot of techniques, especially with Kata's, can vary from one school to another. So if you're looking up a technique and you look up 10 videos, there's a very good chance that each one of those videos are gonna be 10 different versions. But again, as far as a reference point, it's usually very helpful because if you use to print and video together, you're only gonna reinforce what you're trying to learn. But still, it does not replace that live instruction. And I think it goes without saying that more detail is better. It's one thing of the technique is described as, bag guy grabs your shoulder, you're gonna pin, step to the side, drop a hammer first to the groin, then take your right leg and buckle their back leg. Okay, technically that's a fair description. It could be accurate, but it's leaving something to be desired. There's a lot of questions in there, a lot of fine tuning that can be done.  That paints a much better detailed picture. And if you have an understanding of that terminology and those basics in your system, you can follow along with that much more confidently knowing that you're closer to the real version than if you just got some vague description. So it's not always available, but whenever possible, try to find the most detail and highly descriptive text that you can find if you're trying to learn technique from it. And that just touches on the clock principle in which we use in Kemple a lot and other arts use it as well, but imagine yourself standing in the center of a clock and straight ahead of you is 12 o'clock and straight behind you is 6 o'clock and you use the different clock positions as directional references. A lot of arts use that. Other arts use North, South, East, West and different references, but I personally find the clock directional references to be extremely helpful, especially when you're reading it in text because it can get pretty detailed. Many Kemple schools will actually put down reference lines on the floor that represent the straight lines and diagonal lines and for beginners learning brand new techniques that can become invaluable and it's a very easy way to visualize it. So if you are working with an art that has that kind of directionality built into it and you have the printed material that describes it put tape on the floor do some sort of lines give yourself a visual reference so that way when you're walking through it you're helping that translation of reading the printed material and translating it in your mind it's only going to help. And it has to be said that some arts are going to lend themselves better to print than others. You know, you have some styles of karate and Kemple and kickboxing the boxing. Yeah, sure. If you have a basic understanding it's not unreasonable to think that you can learn some techniques by reading it but you have also other arts such as the Chinese martial arts you know, fine weapon arts Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, Judo and any grappling art frankly it's going to be very hard to learn from a book because there's so many tiny nuances that really make up the whole difference it's not just a matter of learning your basic steps and walking through it you need that tactile response for grappling you could read it all day long you don't know it until you can apply it and you need a person to apply it I don't care if you spend a thousand hours doing it in the air it doesn't work until it works so just keep that in mind that a lot of arts and especially the Chinese martial arts have some very very fine body movements very, you know, the difference in tension and stuff that you can't get from a text and it just goes right back to that live instruction so just, you know, choose wisely when you're looking for material and understand that there are some serious limits and if you overlook those limits you're doing yourself a great disservice and then we have the academic side and this is a very different way to train is a totally different mindset but I think learning things like history and even theory to some degree and just kind of knowing how your arts put together gives you rhyme and reason and sometimes opens your eyes and helps you discover new layers of the art that you didn't know were there even something like MMA unboxing if you were to find a text on, say, a prominent fighter and they went into their biography and the history of their training and why they did what they did who's to say it doesn't open doors to more understanding for you you know, it's not always about what they learned or just what the curriculum they went through but how they approach it their mental aspects, their strategies maybe they made alterations that work for them and it can give you some ideas for your own training you know, when you open your mind like that you never know what you can find and unlock and just reading and why people do what they do arguably can enhance your skills the why often supports the what now so while I do advocate having a fundamental understanding of the arts before you try to learn from text if it's just something you want to dabble in or if you're just really more interested in seeing what others are doing go ahead and take a look what harm can it do if you just want to see other ideas and just see other techniques even if it's so different from what you've trained you might be able to cherry pick concepts or thoughts or be like ah, I never thought of doing something that way but what happens if I play around with it you never know what you can unlock and add to what you already know so as a personal example back in 2008 I had to create a thesis form for my second degree black belt test we were allowed to choose any topic we wanted as long as we explained what we were doing and why we were doing it I chose the Psy I love the Psy the problem though is I don't know how to use it we did not have any formal training in the school I have never had training before it's an exotic weapon and I thought it'd be a cool thing to implement into the system at least as an experiment so what did I do? well I watched a bunch of clips on YouTube and I picked up this book Psy Karate Weapon of Self-Defense by Shita Room Master Fumio Demura and in the book is basically all sorts of examples and your basic entry forms and really what I learned from this was how to hold a weapon and maybe a couple different twirls I would never say I know how to use a Psy it didn't give me that kind of an education but it gave me just enough where I took that and I put it in Kempo and I was like okay well how would I adapt this to Kempo forms so that's what I based my thesis around was taking one aspect of an art and adapting it to another so that was my experiment and I had a lot of fun doing it and for those of you who actually want to see the full Psy form unfortunately I only recorded one practice session with it I don't have footage of an actual performance I recorded myself doing a walkthrough for my instructor once in the early stage just so I could show him what I was working on so it's the best I have but it is going to be available on our Patreon page remember so you can go check that out it will be up there shortly after this episode releases if it's not up there already but for all of our members who signed up you can see that exclusive behind the scenes look of my Psycata so just to wrap things up the question of can you learn karate from a book the answer is yes you can absolutely learn a lot from a book even instructional and technique stuff but once again and that's the last time I'm going to say it by promise in this video is that you still need live instruction I don't care how many times you read something if you don't have application with a live partner if you don't have live instruction and correction on it you're not going to know it to its full extent but by all means I advocate reading whatever you can because it's just information and if you don't like it you can discard it but you never know what you're going to discover and that's some of the my most favorite moments to train in the martial arts is just when I'm looking around and researching and all of a sudden I get that little nugget that goes huh light bulb flashes and I start to see other patterns that I didn't realize were there so yes I highly recommend seeking out martial arts books and texts and just see what you can learn from them but let's flip the script a little bit instead of trying to use printed material to learn something new why don't you create printed material based on something you already know take a technique or take a series of techniques that you already know sit down and write them out in extreme detail I mean as much as you can remember step by step talk about direction talk about body posture talk about any tension or small nuances that you can think of and write it down imagine that you're going to give this to somebody who's never seen it and they're going to try to learn from it by doing that you're actually accomplishing two things one you're going to help yourself discover patterns and connections that you didn't realize were there it might not happen when you write the first thing down but as you start to write a series of things down you're going to start connecting the dots so you're going to start to see similarities because now it's a whole new perspective it's a whole new way to look at things and in my experience when you change your perspective you see different angles so that's going to be eye-opening and two it's going to help you retain what you've already learned and I'm going to refer back to an experience in high school it was the end of the school year we had final exams coming up and my science teacher said that he was going to allow us to bring in one sheet of notes that we could use on our test and whatever we could write down that we were allowed to bring in but one page so of course I went home the night before and I'm sitting there looking through the book and highlighting the important stuff and in the smallest handwriting I could I squeeze as much information on that piece of paper as I possibly could because I'm like I got to score you know an A on that test next day I go to school open my school bag time for the test and ah I left it at home on my desk I was panicking I'm like I spent all that time writing down this stupid cheat sheet and I forgot to bring it so I was upset until I started taking tests and I realized I knew the answers so the act of me going through the book and highlighting things and writing it down helped me retain it so our teacher tricked us into studying well played Dr. Klein well played so once again a big thank you to Basavoto Septrid for your awesome question this was the topic that we've touched on before but it was good to come back to it and take a look at it on a deeper level because I do think there's a lot of valuable information you can get from books as long as you understand the pros and cons and you know how far that information goes and of course any of you out there if you have any experience from learning from a book or a particular manual I'd love to hear from you please put down in the comments below any advice that you have maybe specific text that you have for certain arts or any warnings that we didn't talk about here and any limitations that you've come across please put your feedback below and as always thank you guys so much for watching please don't forget to join us on Patreon we've got a lot of bonus material up there for members and like I said our Psy we're going to be adding my Psycot to very soon if it's not there already and you know love you guys you guys are great and we'll see you next week


This study found that certain dietary patterns are associated with better cognitive performance in older adults. Specifically, consuming more plant-based foods and alcohol was linked to higher cognitive scores while consuming more fried food and processed meats characteristic of a southern diet was linked to lower scores. These findings suggest that diet may be an important factor in maintaining cognitive health in later life. This article was authored by Keith E Pearson, Virginia G. Wadley, Leslie A. McLeo, and others.