Welcome to the age of endless possibilities, where technology connects us in ways we never thought possible. Thanks to the rise of the internet, millions of people all over the globe are only ever a click away. At any given moment, we have the whole world waiting at our fingertips, ready for us to explore. But do you ever get lonely? Well, you're not alone. The irony is hard to ignore, isn't it? We're living in a time of unprecedented connectivity, yet so many of us still feel disconnected in today's fast-paced, high-tech society. So why, despite being more plugged in than any generation before, do we still struggle with feelings of loneliness and depression? Let's dive into it, shall we? Chatting with bots, not buddies. Need to know the weather or send a quick email? You probably have a virtual assistant like Siri or Alexa ready to do just that. Chatbots have replaced a lot of customer service representatives at the front lines, but increased reliance on AI-driven communication tools, while convenient, leads to less face-to-face interactions, which potentially contribute to our growing sense of isolation. Think about it, when was the last time Siri or Alexa asked you how your day was going, or shared a funny joke? AI might make our lives easier, but it can't replace the warmth and connection of a genuine human conversation. Shallow connections. In the hustle and bustle of today's world, meaningful connections can sometimes slip through the cracks. A lot of the time people are focused only on how many followers or likes they have. Our interactions have become more superficial and focused on quantity over quality, which may lead to a lack of depth and authenticity in many of our relationships. That's why so many of us still feel lonely despite having a vast online network. We can feel deep down inside that it's all just digital noise. The social media mirage. Perfectly curated Instagram feeds can make us feel lonely and insecure. Constant exposure to the highlight reels of others can create unrealistic expectations and a annoying sense of inadequacy. Comparison is the thief of joy, they say. It's truer now than ever. In fact, some studies have shown that more time spent online, especially when real-life relationships are already poor, can actually worsen feelings of loneliness in youths. A bad case of FOMO. Similar to our earlier point, over-exposure to social media can leave us with a bad case of FOMO, the fear of missing out. Constantly worrying that everyone else is out there having amazing experiences, while we're left out can take a toll on our mental health. When we succumb to our FOMO, it makes us feel inadequate, lonely and discontented. Remember, the grass is greener on the other side. Embracing the realness of your journey and appreciating the small, genuine moments in life can be a powerful antidote to the anxiety induced by the illusion of missing out. Technostress and digital overload. While technology has brought us closer in many ways, it has also made it challenging to unplug. Constant notifications, emails and virtual meetings can leave us feeling overwhelmed and mentally drained. With every buzz, update and notification, our devices demand our attention nearly 24-7. And it can be easy to feel stressed out and overwhelmed with the constant barrage of information we get from social media, creating a sense of pressure to keep up and be on top of everything all the time. This technostress can lead to feelings of anxiety, fatigue and difficulty concentrating.  So, what's the solution? Do we throw away our smartphones and live in a cave? Not quite. The key is finding balance. Use technology mindfully and purposefully. Stop mindlessly doom-scrolling and set a limit to your screen time. Connect with friends in person and take a step back and reconnect with the real, unfiltered moments of life. Remember, you're not alone in feeling lonely in this high-tech world. But the antidote to loneliness isn't hiding in your smartphone.  So, the next time you're feeling a bit lonely, maybe put down that device.  After all, is what makes life truly worth living? Wouldn't you agree? If you want to learn and understand more about loneliness, click here to watch 7 signs you feel deep loneliness and to anyone feeling lonely. And if you found this video valuable, let us know in the comments down below. Don't forget to like and subscribe before you go to support our content. Thanks for watching.


The topic we are going to discuss further is managing research data. Once the data has been collected, we have to devise different things on the basis of data. Data are the most important outputs of research process. These can be used to either accept or reject a hypothesis or even to frame a new hypothesis. Data management therefore is very crucial even after the completion of the research. We understand that the hypothesis could be something which has provided us the basis to accept something. And at times we think that if this hypothesis is not being accepted, we have to custom tailor it and we have to devise a new hypothesis. The data management in this process is a very important role contributing. Data management can include the following aspects. Data ownership. It implies ownership of the legal rights of the research data during and after the research project. The important stakeholders include funders, research institutions, principal investigators and even data sources. When our data is completed and we have it, ownership of it is very important. Because ownership of it remains with you even after research and research. For example, we say that the government of Pakistan conducted a national health survey. Now that national health survey is the property of that department by the government of Pakistan who have conducted that research. So now the data is not only important in that year when the data is gathered. The important thing in the coming years is that if we want to compare the 2007 national health survey then we can do it with the 2012 results. Like if the health status was different in 2007 and 2012 then the data of 2007 will always be important for us. We can never undermine its importance. Similarly, the census data is collected in different epidemics. For example, the wave of COVID, the health disaster caused by COVID, the statistics of the wave 1 to wave 5 is important because we have to see in which wave the health problems people faced and what were the causes of the death of the cohort. So basically, data is always important and it is never important after the completion of research. Then data collection. It implies consistent and quality controlled collection of data. Few important aspects including obtaining required authorization using appropriate method and applying attention to details. Now after the data ownership it is also very important the way we are going to collect the data. We should always use some authorized methods or methods of data collection and the latest and easiest tools we have we should use them for data collection. Then data storage. It implies protection of data from damage, theft or loss. We have a lot of devices for data storage in which we can store our data which is in e-sources or physical sources. So the best available source we should protect our data. Data storage is important to recheck the findings and to prioritize the search activities, tasks and to be reanalyzed by others. I just rightly mentioned that if a data collection happened in 2007 and after 100 years we need that data to reanalyze by someone else to see what are the major changes we can see during this century so if the data is not stored we cannot use that data to do any kind of analysis further. Then data sharing. It implies deciding what to share and with to home. General public or with other researchers whether it is a government property or a legal authority property to share the preliminary data or final result. Whether we are giving the original source to someone or giving the final statistics like an SPSS file example which will be well understood for students or a complete data file of SPSS we can share it with someone or we can share the total of a scale with them. So if we share the total of one cannot have any authorization to do any kind of duplication in data but if we give it a complete file in which all the entries will be included then we can analyze that data in different ways and produce the results we like. Data withholding is also an important aspect. Researchers have the responsibility to maintain the integrity of research data. When we talk about research we talk about integrity because if the data is falsified or we get some results or some meaning from their manipulation which are not justified or righteous then it is a very big crime. The group members involved in handling of the data should maintain privacy and confidentiality of the data while recording of hard copy and electronic evidence. It is not that you have worked on a system and worked in a library and did not save your data and you went from there. Because that data could be used by any other person and they can just probably change the name of the variables and they can use that data for any other purposes. Then labs in the management of research data can give rise to many ethical issues as I discussed earlier and these issues are more prominent in studies involving the human subjects. For instance, there is a data on one place where there are no variables and some ethical researchers change those variables and put their own variables on it. Some of them change the entries and delete some of them and duplicate some of them and present a new research analysis and output. This is something very ethical on the part of the human subjects because if that research is published then no authenticity of that research will be there but some people will cite that research and discuss it and this is all considered into an unethical practice and we should be very careful in storing and sharing of our data and we should keep our data very confidential.


Greetings and welcome to the Introduction to Astronomy. In this lecture, we are going to go through the graphing portion of the solar project to show you how to get the graph set up and to get that graphing started that will be required when you're writing up your final project which will be coming up soon. So let's go ahead and review some of the information about the project. First of all, just as a reminder, I gave you a set of data in a previous video I showed you how to do those calculations. You will need to include both of those data tables and the graphs that I'm showing you today will have to show both sets of data on the same graphs. So we'll be graphing the declination and the change in declination. You will set it up with my data and you'll add your data points to the same graphs for comparison. So you'll be submitting two data tables, one of your data, one of mine. You'll be submitting a declination graph that shows both sets of data and you'll be submitting a change in declination graph that shows both sets of data. Now as I told you before, you can email me the calculations when you're done if you wished me to review them. The same goes for the graphs. If you wish to email me the graphs, you're welcome to do so. I will be happy to review them but again, please allow 24 hours. So again, if you're doing this right before they're due, you're not going to have time to get feedback before they're due. I cannot guarantee. I can get them back to you in a very short time on Sunday afternoon or evening. And again, you must use the data I provide for the lab, Lab 8, in order to complete the solar project. If you don't use my data, you're not going to be able to get full credit. So even if you're not taking advantage of this to get some feedback on the calculations and graphs, make sure you do this lab and submit it because you are going to need this when you complete the final project. So let's go ahead and remind ourselves where we were. We were looking at the data table and we had completed a data table, something like this. I had done the calculations for the first two parts here and we had gone ahead and we're going to go ahead and graph those. Now what we're graphing is the date here is going to be the x-axis and we're going to graph the one graph will be the declination and the second graph will be the change in declination. So in one graph, we're going to calculate declination versus the date. In the second graph, we will do the change in declination versus the date. So the date will always be on the x-axis and on one side we'll be plotting declination and one will be plotting the change in declination. So let's look at how to set up the declination graph first and the declination graph here, using the graph paper I provide, you will set the date scale here. You will put the first date in the data table at week zero. Make sure you're not skipping in. Start at week zero and that allows you to fit all of the data on the graph. So in this case for fall you will go from August 24th to December 7th. Now that way this entire graph is set up and scaled properly so that you can use it for all data sets because you will not have made any earlier observations and you will be submitting the project before the last observations are due here. Now on the y-axis we're setting up the declination in degrees. Now the way the graph paper is set up, the easiest way to do this is to start off with negative 25 right at the bottom corner here and then work your way up by 5. So negative 25, negative 20, 15, and so on. Note that the graph paper is set up specifically for this by the week so that if you count each individual line here, the main line on the axis here is the 24th, the next one will be August 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th, and the next major division will be a week later on the 31st. So the graph paper is specifically set up for this project. Now once you do this we're going to plot the data points and we can put our two data points that we had in here and you're going to want to continue that but you'll see you'll plot those points. The first one here at 11 degrees and the second one at about 8.5 degrees. So we'll see that for the fall semester you will note that the declination does decline and you will see something roughly like this once you finish plotting all of your points. So you should see a decline. Now if you're taking it in the spring, you'll see an increase. You'll start off with negative declinations and you'll end up with positive. You're going to see the opposite of this graph if you're taking the class in the spring. So that's what you would be graphing and then you would be adding in your data points wherever they happen to fall in between mine. So let's plot some of those here. For example, if you made an observation on September 30th. This is the 28th, so two in would be the 30th. And suppose your declination point was a little bit higher up here. So you'd plot your point there. And you might have made another one on November the 1st which is over here and maybe it came out a little bit lower. So you will plot your points here. Now with mine you can draw a smooth line through the points. For yours just plot the data points. If anything falls completely off the scale, just make a notation that you made an observation here and it did not fit and it's way off the scale here or that it's way off the scale up above. This will not be as common with the declination graph but will happen on the other graph and that's perfectly fine. Just make a notation of those and that's fine. You don't want to change the scale because you won't be able to see the trends as easily. So that's the declination graph. Let's go ahead and look at the change in declination graph and you'll note that the date scale is exactly the same as it was for the previous one. So we're going to have the same date scale here as we had. The change in declination is in degrees per day and it starts at negative 0.5 down at the axis at the bottom. And then goes up by a tenth for each major division and will end at plus 0.5 up at the top. So that will set up the scales of the graphs then once we graph everything, we can start plotting it. Now in this case we only have one point and you see that one point down there for the 31st. Make sure you still leave the 24th here. You just will not have a point to plot there. And be very careful, do not plot it as a zero. A zero is a quite different thing than not having a value at all. So zero is a specific value for change in declination and there is no value exists for the 24th because you don't have anything to compare it to. And you can do the same thing with my data and draw a smooth line roughly through those points. And you should see a decline slightly at the beginning and then begin to increase and become less and less negative as you come toward the end of the semester. So you will see a graph something like this and again you're gonna do the same kind of thing with your points in mind. So if you have your points you may have made an observation here. And maybe your points you're gonna find a little bit more scatter on these. They're not gonna match my data as well and that's perfectly fine. Just plot yours where they fall and make note of any that are completely off the scale and where they are. Because again, you don't wanna rescale this. You wanna be able to see that trend as to where how the change in declination is occurring. So don't rescale it. If you get a point at negative two, you don't wanna readjust this for negative two. That'll make it, you'll crunch this up so much that you won't be able to see the trends easily. So that is how you set up these graphs. Let's go ahead and summarize a little bit with what we'll be doing. Again, I do recommend completing these early and submitting them to me by email. That way I can give you comments, get you make corrections before you're submitting the final lab. And this will minimize any deductions for the final project which you will be submitting these graphs with as well. So that concludes this lecture on the graphs for the Solar Observations Project. We'll be back again next time for another topic in astronomy. So until then, have a great day everyone and I will see you in class.


So, we move on to the concluding steps of making that superb small business e-commerce website which is a web application for the internet and we have those steps 7, 8 and 9. These steps deal with driving traffic to your website, bringing in people, bring lots and lots of people and convert those visitors into customers. The second aspect of that is that you may have to have to make your website grow, measure. Remember one thing which one of my instructors told me, what you cannot measure, you cannot manage.  So, let's now deep dive into the details. Drive traffic to your websites. How can you bring people? Now, remember one thing that a web is not like a cable TV where you maybe have maybe 100 or 200 channels so people are switching the channels and they will ultimately come to your channel. That is not the case for a web. For a web, there are maybe 100,000 million websites and it is no chance a person is going to randomly land on your web application, on your website. That is very unlikely to happen. So, you have to make yourself known. You have to put in the content because the things spread maybe faster than a forest fire as this spread using a word of mouth as the videos or the news gets viral. They get viral based upon the social media. So, if you have excellent content, if you have valuable information, if you have useful products, you provide good service on your or through your web application, then that is going to spread. You can also run promotions. You can also run email campaigns also. You have to bring in customers. Now, the advantage of email market is is multi-faceted. You can send emails which don't cost a lot of money and but don't spam. Don't spam. Remember that. And you can get it through and the messages are appearing on the screens of the people who are looking at something which is of their interest. So, your message is getting through and you bring in the visitors and convert those visitors into your customers. Other thing is generate the leads. So, how you generate the leads? You have to make people compel and convert the visitors into your customers using their registration information and using call to action. Offer something to your visitors. Maybe if you give them a newsletter which provides them the latest rates of certain items, they will share their contact information with you. So, it's a win-win combination. So, that is the point, the call to action, collect email addresses. That is the point over here, call to action. Offer them something. Give them a newsletter, okay? Give them a newsletter. And in return, get email addresses and convert all of this to your benefit. How do you generate the leads? There are different ways of generating the leads. You send the material only to the relevant people.  Try out different times of the day. Try out different days of the week and look at the response. There are tools available which will help you quantify your visitors. Give them reading options in terms of text, in terms of multimedia content, in terms of videos. And what you get in return, put a name. When you send an email, put your name, put a company name. Don't send anonymous emails. Never send that. And build that list and capitalize on it. And then finally, the ninth point over here is grow, improve and grow, right? And for this purpose, you have there are many tools available, which will do analysis for you of the number of visitors. And make your application mobile ready. Make your application mobile ready. The reason being that the mobile, as I've shown you in the beginning, the percentage of mobile users is much higher as compared to the percentage of the internet users. Use reference, okay? Use e-commerce and look at which customers you can be converting into profitable customers and look at which visitors you will convert into customers. Target for e-commerce. Now, remember one thing when we say e-commerce, it does not means only selling the products. It can be services also, or you may not be selling anything at all. When you have the customers coming to your web application, you can generate a lot of revenue by advertisements, right? And the list goes on. It's up to you. My objective is to give you the tools, to teach you, to give you the background, to prepare you to be creative and to be profitable. Best of luck with you.


of this number 64 is greater than or equal to the 79 which we're pulling that's represented here then I want you to take p of x if not double quotes which is just a blank space and that means that down to here you can see it 79 and above it's given me these numbers and you can see that that is given me then this orange spot at the at the cross now because we don't have a lot of data it's a little bit less than smooth if we had more data then it would be more smooth of a line but you can see it's basically right there and we have the side to the top being greater than the 79 so that is that one so then I can go and say okay well what if we're asking a question to have p of x less than or equal to this time 76 instead of 79 so we could once again make a dynamic type of label putting an equal sign before the p the quotes around all the text from p to the equal sign tying it together with an and to the number this case 76 and then tying that together with an and to the text under the quotes of unclosing bracket which allows you to change this number which will automatically change that number so then in order to calculate this it's just going to be simply the norm dot dist of the x 76 the mean and standard deviation 73.7 2.3 and then is it going to be cumulative yes this is going to be cumulative now if I was to graph that and look at it pictorially this is p of x less than or equal to 76 the formula then is going to be a logical test if the logic test is that this x is greater than or equal to 76 then is the comma then what do you want it to do pick up the p of x if not that's the second comma what do you want it to do leave it blank represented by quotes because text with nothing in the middle quotes of the text with nothing in the middle so you can see if I go down here it stops then at the 76 so if I was to graph this on top of what we had in our normal bell curve now you have the orange side being this side so now you the orange represents the area under the curve from here I think it's right there it's a little bit crooked because of the data being jagged because we don't have as much data but you get the idea of the orange being the area under the curve on that side you get the pictorial representation now of course the next thing we might do is well what if it's in the middle how are we going to graph that then well the next question we have we have p of x is less than 76 didn't I already do this so so we said oh we can also say that this is going to be one minus the the other bit if it was the inverse so I won't go into that here we're going to say now what if it's in between so now I want it to be in between 72 to 74 which might look something like this p of x is x I like to write it this way this might not be the x is greater than the equal to 72 and it's less than or equal to 74 if I do the formula for that we have to do two cumulative because if I look at it pictorially it would look something like this we're going to say that I want this bit in the middle but the cumulative function only works that it goes from left to right so what I have to do is say I'm going to take the cumulative up to the high point minus the cumulative up to the low point and that will leave me with the middle bit so it would be if I if I did the first bit it would be all orange up to here minus this first blue bit taking out that first blue so the formula looks like this it's going to be norm dot dist and then we've got the x on the upper x 74 the mean standard deviation are the same that they were before it has to be cumulative represented by a one minus norm dot dist with the lower mean the 72 in this case same uh the lower x 72 same mean same standard deviation and it also cumulative will will give us will give us that 32 15 the area under the curve now if I go up here and take a look at it we have our dynamic header up top this is another if then function that we could make this one which would be if and notice I have to have an and because there's two conditions now I'm combining an if and an and uh this is one way that we can do this right I can say well if and then and the logic text is that this number x over here x is greater than or equal to the 72 comma and then it's uh x is less than or equal to the 74 closing up the and function then what we want you to do is pick up the p of x we want you to pick up the p of x and if it's not true then we want the double quotes so it looks a little complicated if you practice it a few times not too bad so now it's picking up these ones right here is the only ones where we have our our information from 72 to uh 74 and so then I could plot that that's one way we can basically plot this you can imagine doing this a couple different ways but we can plot it that way and you get the amount in the middle now note this kind of indicates that every time we we work something like this we have to do multiple graphs to get a visual representation and remember that you don't necessarily have to do that because you could I mean you could use like a normal a normal graph like this and still get an idea of what is happening with a bar chart or you could use an area chart with just one of these separations and then change that point from the high point to the low point so you get a pictorial idea of what is happening when we're doing the the cumulative up to here and then the cumulative up to here so so there's various ways that you can make your graphs so that you can the point usually of the graph is to understand what you're doing in the calculations but there's multiple ways that you could make three different kind of graphs if you're doing an above below or in the middle but you might not need to have all that detail in order to get the benefits of a pictorial representation of the data


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Hey, what's up coaches? Welcome back to the channel. What I want to try to do is answer a question that I already answered on Friday with a coach that I'm working with and basically what happened is he raised his his pricing up to $300 per month for new clients and some of the prospects that he talks to over the phone Can't afford $300 per month and he's trying to figure out, you know, what should he do? How can he try to accommodate them? He doesn't want to lose out on these clients So he was asking me, you know, what should he do? And I gave him two different options and these are the two Options that I would give to you if you talk to the parents that are trying to low ball your offer or they can't afford Your program these are two really good ways of solving this problem for your business. All right, and the second one I will tell you 99.999% of coaches out there will never offer this. All right The first one I've seen coaches do this. It's worked very well. I personally did have done this in my business It works very very well. All right, so I'm gonna use his offer. All right. He charges $300 per month For his group training program. I'm not gonna go into the details of what he offers But that's that's his price. All right, so you charge $300 per month Many parents have been asking him if he can if they can pay like $200 per month Which is a hundred dollar per month price difference And he doesn't want to do that because he's charging 300 and there are some people who are joining at 300 And then some people who are coming in they want to have a lower price. So there's a hundred dollar difference there and What I told him I said, you know when someone Tries to negotiate your price do two things. All right, one of two things. So we're gonna focus on the first one now, which is When they say that you agree with them and then you show them how that's going to be done So if someone says well, can we pay $200 per month instead of 300 you could say great Let me show you how that works. All right, so I'm saying sure. Yeah, you guys can do that But now I'm gonna show you how it works.  I'm gonna show you how you can get in for $200 per month And then they take out a pen and piece of paper And this is why I recommend doing every single sales call on zoom most of the coaches that we work with in our Accelerator program they do all of their sales calls on zoom so they can see the parent they can see them take out a pen and piece of paper It's not just a phone call. All right And once they take out the pen and piece of paper you say great Here's how this is set up as long as you bring us to clients Right when you guys start our program and they commit to our program for at least three months minimum You guys can join it $200 per month. How does that sound? So what you're doing is you're giving them exactly what they want All right, and now the business the business is benefiting a lot more because now they just brought in Two new clients that are both paying $300 per month So you're making $600 per month total from those two clients plus the 200 from this one client who wants to discount So that's $800 per month now that your business is going to collect over the next three months minimum All right, that's $2,400. All right, that is different than just saying no You guys can't join our program because you can't pay the price All right, that is solution number one is you create that into like a referral program Where yeah, they can do it, but they need to bring in two people if you go in with that offer like it only works if you have a good payment system in place and You make sure all of those people are signed up before The person who wants the lower price signed up so this way like you know You can start confidently with everybody. All right, that's number one the second one. This is very different All right, and this is one of those things that it requires a little bit of time and Effort and energy on your end and once you have this set up It is so easy. All right, and all you do is you find your top two or top three competitors in your area and What you do is you try to figure out out of these top two or three people Which one of these people is trustworthy is really organized and has it a legit like really good program All right, and you start to get to know this person you Either take them out to coffee or you get them on a zoom call like you guys run a camp together Whatever however you want to form a relationship with this person doesn't matter You need to have a relationship with one of your top competitors for this option at work Okay, so this setup is very different and let's go back to the example of the parent wanting to pay 200 instead of 300 And when you get to That part of the call when they're they're trying to negotiate the price you can say well, Miss Jones I just don't think our program is going to be great fit for you guys and then you don't say anything Like you just shut up you you say that and then you kind of like put your phone on mute or put your zoom on mute and then you let them talk and Most people are not used to hearing something like that. All right, but what you're doing is you're showing Strength in your program that you're like, no, you're not gonna you're not gonna budge on the price right and If they know that Then one of two things is gonna happen. They'll either be like, all right Well, we can do it. All right, and they'll just they'll pay you the full amount and they'll they'll be a committed client or Or they will Say they'll say something about like Well, do you have anything else that's more affordable or like they'll try to say something to deflect off of the thing that you just said and All you do is say well, you know, we're not a great fit But I know someone who will be a good fit and this is why if you have that relationship down with another Business owner in your area you can say, you know, I know this other trainer. He does a great job He has a great program Can I put you in contact with him because I think his program is going to be a better fit? It's more affordable than our program and I think you know with the price range that you're looking at it's gonna be a better fit financially for you guys to work with him and if they say yes, then you go to that other trainer and You the other business owner and you say hey, I have this lead for you. This is their name This is information about their child blah blah blah And if you set up a business relationship with his business owner, right? Then what you could do is you could have him pay you 200 or $300 every single time You send him a lead that ends up converting in those program And the thing is is like if you have that set up between you and him Like people that try to sign up for his program that aren't a good fit. They can come to you People who sign up for your program that aren't a good fit. They can go to him So every time you send him a lead that converts and does program you're getting paid, which is amazing You're getting paid without doing any of the work and this is how you can really defend your price is you it's not by just Biting on whatever they say. It's like no, well, you know, maybe you guys aren't a good fit and You know this person probably would be a great fit And then that way you can take someone over a phone call and still give them an option of training But it's just not with you All right, so I hope you can see that the differences between these two like the first one like I said is You accept them in at, you know, the discount whatever whatever the dollar amount that they want to pay But they have to bring in two clients, which is a little bit tougher for them All right, or you don't accept them in a program and you refer them to another business owner and you get an affiliate commission every single time You refer that, you know lead over into someone's program after they buy if you have any questions on that Let me know in the comments. These are two great ways To essentially close clients the second option is you're closing a client without even having to do any of the work You're not even bringing them in your program. We're still making money The first one you're driving more revenue in your business with someone who wants a discount as long as they Meet your standards with the two new clients and again, you have to be organized to have that source stuff set up So that's it for today's video comment below if you have any questions or shooting a text at 210 at 9605


All right, so, as Susanna just said, my name's Jane Frazier and I am a data librarian here at ANS. I'm currently working on projects surrounding metadata for research data Australia training for librarians, some restructure and work on our ANS content providers guide, working with partner institutions on data and RDA metadata consultancy, and on some projects surrounding controlled vocabularies. So, because data librarianship is an emerging field, it can be kind of difficult to define exactly what it is, and I've just added a couple of different definitions here, but if I had to describe my own personal definition of a data librarian, or at least what I do as a data librarian, I suppose it would be enabling and supporting researchers by facilitating the description, preservation, publication, sharing, discovery, and reuse of their research data. But you might be thinking, aren't there a lot of people with other job titles that perform a lot of those same duties as well? And yes, you would be correct. There are. Although my official job title is data librarian, there are tons of other people with completely different job titles who do the exact same types of work as me. My official job description includes things like participation in internal ANS projects, collaboration with ANS partners in support of data management projects, providing knowledge and support relating to research data management. Although I will admit that these are pretty broad statements and don't really capture what I am actually doing day-to-day in my job. So before I go into the work that I do day-to-day, I will mention that the path that I took to become a data librarian is also not a very traditional trajectory into the field. Around 2010, I changed careers after spending about eight years in music, academia, and as a professional singer. And I really do think that I learned some of my most valuable professional lessons during that time. So I was doing constant collaboration with colleagues. I had to learn self-motivation and persistence to always keep learning and improving when external encouragement was really rare. I learned how to be able to network and sort of be able to pitch myself. Being able to give and receive constructive criticism was a really, really great tool that I gained. And I learned the fundamentals of humanities research and the principles behind academic writing. After I decided that I didn't want to be a professional musician for the rest of my life, I decided to move into the field of music librarianship. I began library school as a graduate student worker in the UNC Music Library where I learned how to catalog music materials and became familiar with the processes surrounding description of bibliographic materials. I also learned about the basic fundamental academic library processes. That job that I had as a graduate student was really my only experience that I've had personally working in a quote-unquote traditional library environment. However, I wasn't actually working on incoming music materials like a more traditional music cataloger would. I was working on cataloging a special collection of 20th century American sheet music. While I was in library school, I also became interested in technology in libraries, metadata research and information architecture. So I decided to shift my focus to information science. So I began working as a data curator at Dryad, which is a digital repository for data underlying publications primarily in the biosciences. Compared to the cataloging I did in the music library, Dryad uses the d-space repository system and has an underlying schema based primarily on Dublin Core with some other elements, whose standards I personally found much more accessible and intuitive than Mark, which was what I was using to catalog in the music library. I had actual contact and negotiation with authors and journals rather than only having other librarians as sources of support, and that made me feel a lot more connected to the content I was managing and to the people who actually had created that content, which was really fantastic. The multiple workflows I used while a curator at Dryad were a lot less straightforward than those I had been using in music cataloging since sort of the concept of acquisition of data is different than that in a traditional library setting. Because I also worked with developers, I was able to give feedback on my own use of the system and was able to provide input in its development, which was really another great thing that helped me learn about the data curation lifecycle. There was a lot more variety from item to item that I was working on because of the variety of types and formats of data being submitted to Dryad. While I was working at Dryad, I also, at the same time, worked as a research assistant at the UNC Metadata Research Center, and this was a really, really valuable job for me to have at the same time that I was at Dryad because I was able to gain a much higher level understanding of my Dryad work by doing research on those practices surrounding curation and data description that I was doing day to day at Dryad. And I also became familiar with collaborative research processes and experience with grants that I hadn't had previously when I was doing music research. After library school, I was offered a job as a product manager at a collectibles company called Stanley Gibbons. At the time, I had no idea what a product manager was exactly, talking again about the completely different job titles for very similar types of jobs, but the job description that went along with this product manager job was exactly what I was wanting to do. So my work at Stanley Gibbons involved working with engineers and stamp catalogers or stamp describers to develop a new cataloging system for postage stamps and other collectibles. So this is a non-traditional cataloging system. I was in a really fast-paced and highly collaborative environment with developers and management folks and users of the system. I worked in requirements gathering and learned how to sort of find out what users really want, even if they don't know how to articulate it, which is a very, very valuable skill, I think, in this field. I gained experience with agile software development and really did learn how to fail fast and pivot after failing and figure out how to solve the problems. I had to learn how to speak with software developers and marketing people rather than librarians and scientists. So it was incredibly valuable for me to be able to communicate about what I do with less sort of library-centric language, and it was very challenging at first, but I learned a lot about communication in general. Although I learned a ton at this job and I got to work on some really cool projects after working at Stanley Gibbons for about a year and a half, I knew that I wanted to return to the research and academic sector. So I knew that I wanted to be in a position where I could blend my desires to work with librarians and researchers, to work with software development and to provide access to information to help people rather than specifically to make a profit, which was definitely one of the goals at Stanley Gibbons. So I accepted my position as a data librarian at ANZ. I mentioned some of the projects I'm working on a little bit earlier, but my work at ANZ is primarily project-based, which means that I get to deal with lots of different types of problems on a day-to-day basis, and I get to kind of touch on those different projects every day, which is very interesting to me. My day-to-day role as a data librarian includes a lot of different types of skills, like requirements gathering, business analysis, crosswalking, design, writing, training and support, and internal and external communication within ANZ and outside of ANZ. And every day I'm able to use skills that I've learned at all of the stages of my professional development, and I also get to use these skills throughout different projects I'm working on. So I feel like every stage of my professional development and every job that I've worked in, I'm able to use the experience that I got there here as a data librarian. I've also included here a list of tools I'm using at the moment. I'll mention that this list is constantly changing depending on what projects I'm working on, but yes, Google Drive is always my core tool for document storage, organization and sharing, word processing, spreadsheets, diagramming and presentations. This presentation right here is housed in Google Drive. Now I'll talk a little bit about what I see as some of my main challenges in my position, and I really do think that many of these might be similar to challenges faced by all types of librarians. When Natasha asked me to speak of this webinar, she asked me to touch on the challenges of flying solo outside of a traditional library environment, but because I have really little experience working in a traditional library setting, it's kind of difficult for me to compare the two. However, I can say that I definitely feel that I have a really great support system of librarians, developers and other specialist experts made up of colleagues here at ANZ, those that I know from previous work and other people that I've met since I moved here to Australia about eight months ago. I do a lot of different sorts of activities to develop my skills. One thing that I really love about working with data and metadata is that it is, for the most part, or in some instances, discipline agnostic, and this means that I can discuss issues surrounding data with people in any field of research, and I love to use it as a vehicle to learn about new topics. It's sort of a universal problem that anyone can understand in their own context. I also heard a really inspiring quote when I attended the Research Bazaar conference a few weeks ago at Uni Melbourne, and I'm sort of paraphrasing here, but somebody said that if you're here, you are smart enough to solve pretty much any problem that you encounter, so at the time this statement was targeted towards researchers, I do think it really applies to librarians as well, and it really echoes the attitude I try to take toward overcoming the fear of things that I perceive to be just above my skill level, so that helps me kind of overcome that fear if I ever feel it, which is really, really necessary in this field because you're always having to learn new skills and learn about new technologies. I also really love collaborating with developers. I know this might be kind of a generalization, but the devs I've worked with are just classic problem solvers, and I've been able to learn a lot about general analysis and problem solving from their really logical viewpoint. If you are looking to move into a data librarian role, whether it is given that title or not, because often it's not, here are a few things that I personally have found helpful. Like I've said before, although my official job title is data librarian, there are tons of other people with different job titles who do the exact same types of work as me. There are a lot of data librarian jobs out there that just happen to have different titles, so don't be afraid to look at other job titles. Having experience in academia and in the private sector, I can also definitely say that learning to use neutral language to describe what I do is very valuable, and in an interview setting, being able to sort of describe your own skills and language that will be meaningful to the interviewers is really, really valuable. Since starting work at ANS, I've already encountered dozens of new standards and tools, and I would say that this is fairly typical in this line of work, so definitely be prepared to be flexible in that respect. And if you're interested in upscaling yourself, don't wait until there's a project that comes along in which you have to use the technology. I would just say learn it now. If you're interested in it, just try it out. I've included some of the online sources that I recommend here, and there are links embedded in all of these images as well. So I've also included some other resources I'd recommend if you are looking to get into data librarianship here. I will admit that a few of them are pretty American-ness-centric because that's the environment that I come from. But the UNC School of Information and Library Science CILS job search sites are really, really great, and I think they can be useful for anyone anywhere around the globe. So thank you very much for letting me share with you, and yeah, please let me know if you have any questions. What other titles are there for data librarians? Yeah, sure.  You know how librarians love to use word clouds of a bunch of different words that were used in data librarian titles, and I did cut that one out. But there are lots of words like support, information, analysis, and a lot of jobs have really, really creative titles. I know that there was one that came up, I don't know, maybe six months ago that was for a socio-informatician, which is a really great name, I think. So it's really, it can be anything. You just have to look past the title and look at the description. There's a library job random generator somewhere online that brings up some hilarious ones, but some of them are a little bit accurate. Yeah, there's such a variety of words to describe what we do that sometimes you look at jobs and think, oh, I have no idea what that is, and it turns out it's a data librarian. They're research coordinator, research manager, data manager, database administrator. A lot of the time are crossover jobs for us. Kat Herder. What advice do you have for information management students who are starting out in the field of data librarianship? My biggest piece of advice to any student studying information management would be just to think big, to really learn your basics and to look at how they can be transferred to other areas. So you learn about metadata. It can simply be the label on a bug being canned. It could facilitate the exchange of data. It enables search and discovery. It's using information architectures. It gives context to data and other information, and it can predict quality. So what you look at, each simple thing can be used in multiple disciplines, and I think that's just what you need to remember is just because you start learning about one thing, it is the foundation that you can use as a link from to other areas. And I actually have something to say to that as well. Yeah, so I know that personally when I was in library school and I was looking to get into this field, one of the things that I did that I found very valuable was sort of reaching out to any person in my area that I thought was doing data librarianship or something similar to it, and I would go and visit them at their work and spend 20, 30, 40 minutes just talking to them about what they did. And it really not only helped me learn more about the field, but it also gave me contacts. So that was a really great thing that I was able to do. Is it ever an issue being constrained by software or infrastructure in the consulting work that you do?  I'd actually don't get involved in anything related to technology. Totally technology agnostic. I look at everything from an information perspective, so identifying what the value of that information is to an organisation or a business or an individual, a scientist, a researcher, whatever, looking at the flows of the information and the value chain. And if you do get caught up in jumping to solution mode, which is what the technology is, it's in that navel art to make something happen, but it's the information that's the king here. Step back and look at it from either the strategic perspective, so look at the bigger picture. Look at it from a tactical perspective to see, well, by doing this, what will change in the future? Or if need be, you can get into the operational nitty-gritty, but from my perspective, I never deal with technology. I deal with information only. And if I'm working on an engagement or leading a project that gets to a point where they need a piece of technology, then sure, we can make a recommendation along those lines, but we don't actually do anything, but we don't do a technology implementation with that way. We focus purely on data and information, and it hasn't been a problem so far. Given that all three of you have come to your roles basically bypassing traditional library roles, do you think employers are looking for something different in these specialist roles? This begs the question, what can traditional librarians do to make themselves stand out as potential candidates for these type of roles? Yeah, I think they are looking for something different, but I think that's because they don't know what librarians can do to talk to the first part of the question. And I think some of our game plan can be also to make people more aware of what librarians actually do now, because there is this outmoded idea that we're now covered with lots of books, which I would love to be, but that's not what we do anymore in many cases. So to make yourself stand out more as a potential candidate, I think you can make yourself aware of the technologies and begin speaking out perhaps more when you have the opportunity about what people not using library services could have to do with your library services. For example, in cases of storage, that's a really interesting discussion that's going on at universities at the moment. Researchers need storage. Where should they go to get that storage for their data? In some cases it needs to be within the university. For example, if you're employed by the university, sometimes outside. And that's something that we're really well suited as as librarians to start shepherding the conversation or at least bringing that conversation to other potentially useful partners. So maybe one of the best things that's going to happen to us is these larger questions coming up and us speaking out about what we can do. It's very easy to sit in meetings and go, well, somebody will ask about data storage. Someone will ask about metadata. They don't know to ask. We need to be a little bit more forthcoming sometimes. Be the bolshey person at the meeting. That would be my advice. I think you need to be adaptable, really flexible. Use your imagination. Innovate with what you can do. Apply a different perspective. Put your ideas forward. I think all of those things are great. And like Siobhan, I agree. You need to speak up. Put your thoughts on the table, but make them from an information perspective. Because as I said before, the information is coming. Yeah, I actually agree with both Siobhan and Michelle. I think being able to be flexible and sort of step outside of the box, think outside of the box is really valuable and to have other people perceive that you are able to do that. I know that when I was sort of in talks with Dryad about working there, I had really no experience working in data curation. And I hadn't also worked in any type of science or biosciences, but I was really keen to learn and was really interested in sort of immersing myself in both data curation and science data. And I think that that was something that appealed to them. So basically what I'm hearing is get out and do things and let everybody else know what you can do. Fantastic, Siobhan. Yes!


Hi everyone, my name is Amy Spivey. I am the supervising attorney for the low-income taxpayer clinic at the Justice and Diversity Center We're going to talk a little bit about the changes that you might see on your 2018 tax return As you may know that some laws changed as of December 15th 2017 so we're just going to do a brief overview the presentation will be probably about 45 minutes to an hour But I will be around afterwards if you have any questions So what is a low-income taxpayer clinic? We are a national program that's funded by the National Taxpayer Advocates Office We provide free representation to low-income taxpayers before the IRS in various matters such as audits appeals tax litigation Helping people with back taxes. We receive funds from the government But we're completely independent of and not associated with the federal government Each clinic we determine if prospective clients meet the income guidelines and other criteria So the purpose of the low-income taxpayer clinics is to ensure the fairness and integrity of the tax system by Educating taxpayers about their rights and responsibilities such as this presentation today providing free representation to taxpayers in tax disputes with the IRS and the tax court and Identifying and advocating for issues that impact low-income taxpayers Change big changes are coming so like I said the new tax reform was called the tax cuts and jobs act and it Became effect into December 2017, but most of the provisions will affect your 2018 tax return There it affect many parts of your tax return including what's taxable income the tax rates deductions and credits other taxes and a lot more we're going to focus on Income personal income taxes this time But if you do have a corporation or some sort of business I highly recommend seeing a tax preparer because there was there's a whole List of other changes that happen for business taxes So the first thing is the new form 1040 is much shorter It's actually about the size of a postcard so about half the size of a sheet of paper and It's two sides You can see here. This is a draft of the form the IRS has to change Well over a thousand forms to be for the 2018 tax season So this is just a draft. It could the final version could change But there's a few changes that you'll notice first again, it's a smaller form and This font is small So this could affect affect people who are visually impaired The signature block is also on the first page of the form whereas in other years It's on the second page or on the back of the form This is important because if you use a tax preparer Make sure that you turn that form over to review all of the income information before you sign it Because even if you don't completely review all of the tax information and income and credits You would still be liable for any any items that are on that tax return once you sign it So all of the income and expenses are on the second page The first page is really only your information Any dependence in the signature block and the tax preparer information There's also less references to various schedule names and numbers that may be needed So on the old form for example the child tax credit it would say C form 8812 if you qualify for the additional tax credit well that that is not no longer on there So it's a little less intuitive. So you'll want to pay attention to the instructions on the forms and not just the form itself There's also lots of common income types that were actually moved to another form the law created six new schedules So while the main form might be Smaller you're gonna have a lot more attachments the more complicated your tax return is so for example One common one is people who have schedule C income. So if you drive for Lyft or uber Or any sort of the gig economy or you have your own small business This isn't gonna be on the form 1040 anymore. It's gonna be on a new schedule called schedule one So make sure that if you do have any other type of income besides just wages You make sure that you're reporting that even if it's not on the new form So the tax rates also change you can see I have a chart here the 2017 year and then the year 2018 to 2025 so some of these Changes that were enacted are temporary. They are only for the years 2018 and 2025 You know, they could be extended past there. We don't know. I'm just gonna talk about all of them like they're permanent because You know, that's seven years down the road. We don't know what's gonna happen between now and then so you can see the tax Brackets actually went down the tax rates except for this first category here. They've all been reduced So in 2017 the top tax bracket was thirty nine point six percent and now it's only 37 percent one thing that also changed is the range of income where the tax bracket applies to Changes are not that big of a difference except for in this category here where you're into the 200,000 to 500,000 It's a lot more people that get the lower tax rate in the higher brackets than before So the first thing that changed on the form is they did make some changes to what is actually income and Certain what they call above the line deduction. So the first thing is alimony if you this is deduction is eliminated to the person Who pays alimony, but it's also not included as income if you receive alimony Also, there previously was a tuition and fees deduction you could deduct up to four thousand dollars from your income For qualified tuition and fees that you paid You no longer have that option now There are still some education credits such as the American opportunity credit in the lifetime learning credit But these aren't a dollar for dollar deduction There's a complicated calculation on the form and also the maximum is only twenty five hundred dollars for the American Opportunity credit and then it's two thousand for the lifetime learning credit The other thing that happened was the moving expenses deduction was eliminated if you were an employee and say you got transferred From California to the New York office, but they're not going to reimburse your moving expenses You pay out of pocket for travel U-Haul expenses previously you could deduct that from your from your adjusted gross income But that has actually been eliminated now This one the tax rates. Yes Yeah, so the tax rate so for example if you made between around $9,500 to 39,000 it went from 15 percent down to 12 percent So that's the highest rate that you'll pay So for it's for example if you made a hundred thousand dollars You're going to pay ten percent on the income between this bracket Fifteen or twelve percent on the income between here twenty two percent here and then the leftover you would is twenty four percent So this is the highest rate that you're going to pay. It's not what your overall tax is going to be So the other big thing that changed was with the standard deduction and the personal deduction So previously for 2017 and before we have a standard deduction that you can take if you don't itemize your deductions You always have the option to itemize so if you own a home or you pay charitable Contributions that is above this sixty three fifty you could actually claim those as itemized deductions and There was also a personal exemption of four thousand fifty dollars per person Well, the personal exemption has been eliminated But you can see that they increased the standard deduction So this has a couple of effects one is the threshold for itemize itemizing your deduction is now higher But if you just took the standard deduction in prior years You may actually see a benefit here So if you are single and use a standard deduction and you now you get to use the twelve thousand dollars as a standard deduction You get to deduct sixteen hundred dollars more from your taxable income So your taxable income will be less than it was in prior years And for if you're married filing jointly, it's thirty two hundred dollars So this is a slight benefit if you if you only ever claim the standard deduction Everyone who previously itemized their deductions is going to see some effect from this tax law The changes again, they could make that standard deduction More beneficial for you because it's a higher threshold for itemized deductions that you have to meet So I'll go through some of these one by one because they are pretty in significant pretty significant One is the medical expenses In prior years, you could deduct the excess of ten percent of your adjusted gross income as itemized deduction well now that's been reduced to seven point five percent, so this is a benefit for you and Medical expenses are things such as doctor co-pays dental work Health insurance premiums that you pay out of pocket so if you made a hundred thousand dollars on your tax return and you spent ten thousand dollars in medical expenses in prior years you Would not have any benefit from that because the ten percent threshold is ten thousand dollars But now you'll actually be able to deduct twenty five hundred dollars as an itemized deduction Because it's reduced to seven point five percent and you can deduct anything above seventy five hundred dollars in this in this example The state and local taxes this is a big one for a lot of people in California. How many people here own homes? Okay, a few of you so this one is really going to be important for you, especially if we work in California We paste a lot of state taxes Typically you can deduct all of the state tax that you pay like that are withheld from your paycheck Plus any property taxes that you pay You can just do a dollar for dollar but starting in 2018 it's going to be capped at ten thousand dollars It's five thousand if you're married filing separately. So this is a big change if you own a home It even affects people even if you don't own a home and you you have a high wage earner And you have a lot of tax state you pay a lot of state income taxes. This is also going to affect you and This includes property taxes vehicle registration fees some sales tax that you pay they also other change is You are no longer allowed to deduct personal Casualty and theft losses unless it's a federally declared disaster which you can check on the IRS website So for example these fires are definitely going to be a federally declared disaster and you can deduct any losses you incur From the fires, but say an electrical fire started in your home and you lost your home Well, that's not a federally declared disaster in prior years You could deduct all of your losses, but now you can't deduct it There's still some losses you can deduct for business losses, but the personal losses have been eliminated Another one is job expenses in certain itemized miscellaneous deductions and this would be at the bottom of schedule a the big one here is the job expenses So if you're an employee and you have to pay some job related expenses out of pockets for me I'm an attorney. I have to pay continuing education credits That my employer may or may not if they don't reimburse them I could previously deduct it on my schedule a but now all of that has been eliminated so you can no longer deduct any Employee business expenses Yes Yeah, it's a category that was called Yeah That means that you can no longer take these job expenses and certain miscellaneous deductions. Yeah Charitable contributions now this is going to affect benefit those that are very wealthy who make a lot of charitable Contributions or those who have a business a lot of business losses that reduce their adjusted gross income Previously you can deduct up to 50% of your adjusted gross income as charitable deductions on as itemized deduction But now it's up to 60% you can deduct more, but I don't know about you I don't deduct I don't Give Cheryl can contributions of 50,000 or 50% of my income. Yes That's the adjusted gross income.  So your next tax return all these changes are going to be yes Yes, yeah, I mean they can always Change the laws, but Yeah, it's based on you know what Congress enacted Yeah, yes Yeah, so you can deduct Right, you it used to be 50% of your adjusted gross income So if you made a hundred thousand dollars you could deduct up to fifty thousand dollars of charitable contributions Correct. So now you could deduct sixty thousand dollars No, you can no longer deduct like any job related expenses if you're a on a w2 employee Now if you're if you're self-employed, it's different you can still deduct a lot of these But if you are an employee and your job does not reimburse you for certain job related expenses You can no longer deduct them. So the other thing is mortgage interest again if you are a homeowner in San Francisco and this could affect you if you bought your home before December 15th 2017 if you acquired the mortgage before that date You can deduct interest up to one million dollars of the loan and for married filing separately It was fifty five hundred thousand dollars But now if you acquired the mortgage after December 15th 2017 did anybody here acquire a mortgage after that date? Okay, so a couple people did you can only deduct interest up to $750,000 I mean this is big for the Bay Area because most of the homes that are selling now are Over well over this value. So you're able to deduct less interest than before. Yes Yes a refinance to also counts. That's a that's a new acquisition of a mortgage and then home equity Interest is note. You can no longer deduct home equity mortgage interest So home equity mortgage is a mortgage you take out based on your home using your home as equity, but you use the loan for Expenses related to your home like home improvements building a second wing to your home It's not for the actual acquisition of your home But usually for improvements now you can no longer take an interest deduction on home equity Regardless of when you took out the loan Yes Well, you can't the home equity loan is usually something completely separate And it can't generally be converted to the loan for the home because it's usually what happens is you bought the home already But you have some equity you have maybe a hundred thousand dollars in equity in your home And you can draw on that to make improvements to your home and now you can still take the home equity loan But you can't deduct the interest Yes That's married filing separate an MFJ is married filing jointly so there are some also some changes to deductions and credits for dependents and Again, this the personal exemptions are limited previously if you had three dependents you can multiply the $4,050 by three and then that's a reduction of your taxable income now that has been eliminated But they have made some changes to the child tax credit Previously you could make you could do up to a thousand dollars per child now. It's two thousand dollars per child And I do have some examples where I show the difference from now to then So you'll be able to see a little bit of this in action and see the actual impact on tax returns but There's also a portion of the child tax credit that can be refundable Previously it was up to a thousand dollars So if for example if you didn't have any if you filed a tax return, but it ended up you don't owe any income tax You were low-income you could get a thousand dollar refundable credit That's just money to you in your pocket up to a thousand dollars. Well now it's been increased to fourteen hundred dollars per child The refundable credit is also adjusted for inflation So it's been a thousand dollars for years and now every year as inflation goes up Then it will also change the refundable credit The phase out also has been increased In prior years if you made seventy five thousand dollars Single or a hundred and ten thousand dollars is married filing jointly You could know you could not take the child tax credit because it's what they call a phase out You made too much money for this credit Well now it's two two hundred thousand dollars if you're single and four hundred thousand dollars if you're married filing jointly So there's an entire Bracket of people with children that are now going to see a two thousand dollar benefit reduction in their taxes They probably they won't get the refundable tax credit, but it will reduce the amount of tax They owe by two thousand dollars per child Up to four hundred thousand dollars if they're married filing jointly Another change and I think this one's unfortunate is that the qualifying child must have a social security number in Other years you could use you can use an itin But now you cannot Qualify for this credit if your child has an itin they must have a social security number at the time you file the tax return There they did create a new category of credit That's five hundred dollars up to five hundred dollars for other qualifying Dependent so if you're taking care of an elderly parent you claim them as a as a dependent You can get up to five hundred dollars as a credit Or dependents with itins you can get up to five hundred dollars per child Yes So an itin is for someone who they don't have a social security number It's called it's just a taxpayer identification number for people who don't have or are not eligible for a social security number so a lot of people from other countries who are undocumented they use an itin to file tax returns or If they they can get an itin temporarily while they're waiting for a social security number, but in those cases they can't get the The child tax credit until they have a social security number. Yeah Individual taxpayer identification number Yes Yes So the doesn't matter when the home equity loan was taken out. They've eliminated it completely Yeah So there were a few other changes student loans that were discharged due to death or disability or no longer income Previously the entire amount that was forgiven was taxable unless you were insolvent and We see this a lot in the low-income taxpayer clinic people who became Disabled and not able to the returner to the workforce So they received they got their student loans discharged But we have to go and make the argument that they were insolvent to actually get it eliminated from their taxable income Well, now we don't have to do that. It's just automatically excluded from from taxable income The other thing that was eliminated was the shared responsibility payment now This is the penalty for not having health insurance in other years. I think it was around 1800-1900 dollars that That you must pay if you don't have health insurance. Well, you're no longer penalized now for not having health insurance Yes, you had a question. Yeah No, so the Student loans are very difficult to be discharged and really the only reason that they are discharged are for death or disability So now and then in prior years, even if they were discharged for that person You still had to be insolvent. So if you owned a home outright that you may be inherited or you've paid off many years ago And now you're disabled you wouldn't be insolvent because you own a home in the Bay Area worth You know a million dollars now and you don't have any other debts besides the student loan Then you wouldn't be insolvent. You have to pay taxes on this. So now we don't have to go into that calculation It's just automatically excluded But yeah student loans. It can really only be discharged for death or disability Yes, you know, it's about what you own Yeah, yeah, it's about the assets you own versus the liabilities So insolvency is if your liabilities are more than the assets you own and your net worth then Then you're considered insolvent for this reason so Again the show shared responsibility payment I want you to be to notice though that this is not the same as a premium tax credit that you received from Calvary, California Or from some other health marketplace So this is very confusing and this is confusing to a lot of people if you receive Premium help from Covered, California or some other health marketplace. You still have to report that form It's like a 1095 a on your tax return And if you make more money than you told Covered, California at the beginning of the year You were going to make you might have to pay back some of that premium tax credit so it's very important when you apply for Covered, California that you get your income exactly right because if you don't and You go over certain thresholds you have to pay back any Advanced premium tax credit you receive from Calvary, California So if your income changes in the year make sure you contact Covered, California Let them know the change so they can adjust your premium tax credit So you don't get hit with a big bill and this is I you know, I have clients who they Took out a withdrawal from their IRA went in the middle of the year for medical issues They lost a job. Well that took them above the limit 400% of the federal poverty level so they were completely ineligible for their premium tax credit and surprise when you file your tax return You have to pay back $15,000 $20,000 to cover California because of this so if your income changes if you make if you get any sort of wind fall If you take any money out of your retirement account make sure that you Follow up with Covered, California to make sure that you're not getting too much withheld or not getting too much premium tax credit Yes This doesn't affect your Medicare Medi-Cal. It's just for Covered, California through the marketplace exchange where you're getting help With premiums that you pay Yeah, I'm not sure about that maybe talk to me afterwards when you talk about it. Okay, you had a question in the back So Covered, California is through the from the affordable care act They created these healthcare Marketplaces and if you make us, you know make certain amount of money or you don't receive Insurance from your employer you can apply through Covered, California, and you might be eligible for assistance for your premiums and The other Thing in this slide is what's called qualified business deduction section 1 99 a if you have any self-employment Income again this includes any 1099 income Uber, Lyft any of those gig economy you have this new deduction which is 20% of the self-employment income which you get to deduct From your taxable income And the reason for this is many people don't realize that you owe self-employment taxes That's just 12 and a half percent of any self-employment income that you earn and this 20% deduction is supposed to alleviate a little bit of the bill at the end of the year for Self-employed persons, but this is very very very complicated I would really recommend that you see a tax plan or a tax preparer if you do have any self-employment or past or income this also includes As corporation income anything that you report on like schedule E or schedule C Yes Both so if you have a small business you're going to file schedule one which then references schedule C so You have an additional schedule now if you do have a small business Yes Yeah, schedule one is where they remove some of those items from the tax return that most people don't have They put it on schedule one and it's just They sort of they eliminated the 1040 easy and the 1040 a and they were trying to make the new 1040 a Substitute for those and then if you have a more complicated return you just have to start adding these additional schedules So if you have a small business you have to do schedule one and schedule C Okay, so I do have some examples here. So this is a They're homeowners and they have one dependent And I have two cases here one they have they made about a hundred thousand dollars and here they made a hundred and fifty thousand dollars So you can see some of the change some of the differences one is the deductions the thirty five Thousand dollars that includes property taxes State and local income tax that they withheld from their paycheck and mortgage interest Those are the only three that I put on the schedule a But you can see here that it's limited now to thirty thousand dollars and the reason for that is For the ten thousand dollar state and local tax Limit so for the ten thousand dollar case I put five thousand dollars of state and local tax plus ten thousand dollars of property taxes But here you could deduct fifteen thousand the whole fifteen thousand but here you can only deduct the maximum of ten thousand again the exemptions in the Exemptions were twelve thousand one thousand one hundred fifty and now they've been eliminated The child tax credit for this person Increased from one thousand to two thousand So the change in tax they have an increase in the tax that they're going to pay or that they that they are Oh to seven point five percent now I didn't Include the taxes that they prepaid in this is just what the total bill would be you probably wouldn't pay out of pocket If you have w2 withholdings, but I just wanted to show the impact of the total tax that you will owe on your tax return Yes, so I put twenty thousand dollars of mortgage interests Yeah The only limit on the mortgage interest is that seven hundred and fifty thousand dollar alone So if your loan is more than seven hundred fifty thousand dollars and you bought it after December 2017 It would you could only take the interest up to that value the rest of it You can't deduct but I didn't I didn't go into that here. It's it's a complicated Calculation and then so here for the hundred fifty thousand dollars You know their deductions were a little more because they have more state tax withholding So that's the only difference here is a they withhold a little more state taxes from their paycheck but The deductions are exactly the same because they're both limited to the ten thousand dollars for the property tax and the state and local tax, but the big difference here is Like I said, they weren't eligible for child tax credit before because the limit was a hundred and ten thousand dollars But they get it's this person got it a thousand dollar extra tax credit child tax credit But they get the entire two thousand dollars. So that results in them only having an increase of one point two percent in tax So the person who likes the couple who makes less money is Going to see a larger increase in their taxes and that's because of the child tax credit And then I put down here the tax rate. So the marginal tax rate, which we talked about was the highest rate but the effective tax rate is when you just do a straight calculation of The taxable income versus the total tax You can see that the tax rate is much lower from previous years Okay, this one is a rent renters with one dependent and I use the same income limits here Here they will actually see a big reduction in their tax and this is because they took the standard deduction previously and the joint the Personal standard deduction has increased here, but again this child tax credit is a big one this couple only saw a Increase of a thousand dollars for a child tax credit and this person saw two thousand dollars for the child tax credit increase and Here's a single runner a single person no dependents. They don't own a home I used a hundred thousand and seven seventy five thousand here And you can see the change in taxes less for both of these cases Not it's not as big of a difference as the couple who didn't have a home But have dependents, but it's still a reduction in the amount of tax that you pay Yes Yeah So the marginal tax rate is the rate that your highest income tax bracket is going to get taxed So like I said for example, if you made a hundred thousand dollars 80 it's like eighty four thousand and below It's a different rate But then the difference between the hundred thousand and the eighty four thousand is taxed at twenty two percent so It's just about the highest tax bracket Not all of your income is taxed at the highest tax bracket the lower income is still taxed at the lower tax brackets but when you Take a take into account all the tax brackets all of your deductions and credits That's how you get to the effective tax rate. That's the total amount you're gonna end up paying after everything Yeah, so a summary of the impact middle-income households with a home may actually see an increase in the tax And we saw that from the example. They were the only example that I provided where their tax actually increased And this is due to that state and local tax slash property tax maximum of ten thousand dollars and in the bay area It's not hard to reach that ten thousand dollars just with your state and local income tax Much less when you own a home property taxes are over one percent here. So It's very very easy to reach that ten thousand dollar limit and those are the people That are going to see the biggest negative impact to their tax return Yes No, the California tax return has I don't think has been changed significantly The major the major changes were with the IRS and the California did I think they are playing with the idea of making some changes for The property tax and state and local tax, but I don't think any of that has been finalized yet But I think they're trying to lessen this impact a little bit because we do pay in California a lot of income tax And a lot of property tax. So it's it negatively impacts us Compared to someone in Florida who doesn't pay State taxes, they only have a home They're not going to be as impacted as much as we are in California where we have state tax and a pretty high property taxes Yes state and local yes Sales tax Right, you can't exceed ten thousand dollars and the most common deductions there are the taxes you have withheld from your paycheck property taxes Some sales tax and vehicle registration fees No, it's just the state and local taxes Is there another question? Yes Yeah, so if you paid twenty thousand dollars in Combined property taxes and state and local taxes You're only going to be able to deduct as itemized deduction ten thousand dollars of it The rest of it is just gone. You don't see any benefit from that you paid it But you get no more benefit from it So non-home owners they could see a decrease in their tax and we saw that again from the example and it's just this state and local tax It's really really impacting us in California Another thing that's important is even if your tax rate is lower You know, even if you see this reduction in tax You may owe more tax on your tax return because they may not be withholding enough from your tax your paycheck every month and I'm gonna go through that a little bit in a second but Just because the tax that you are gonna owe on your tax return does not mean that you won't owe at the end of the year because They're not with they may not be withholding enough from your paycheck every month and then every case is different Please consult with a tax preparer or planner. These are just general examples that I made up So every every case is going to be different and everyone has little nuances Well, what if you can't pay the tax that's due on your tax return We'll always file your tax return on time Even if you can't pay it if you don't you'll get hit with penalties. You'll get hit with interest The statute of limitations on collection for taxes does not start until you file your tax return or the IRS files one for you You have options if you can't afford it again If you get hit with a big tax bill because your taxes increased you didn't have enough withheld You can always apply for an installment agreement when you file your tax return You can do an offer and compromise if the amount is significant and you can't make monthly payments on it You can also do something called currently not collectible, which is just a hold on any collection action But the installment agreement is what I recommend for most people if you just don't have enough right now But you'll be able to pay it off within I think five years is the installment agreement land But you can always pay pay it off quicker than that And what why do I say always file your tax return on time will one you get the penalties But if you don't file your tax return and you have self-employment income if you don't file it within three years You don't get credit with Social Security So you actually will get less at the end Whenever you retire and you get Social Security because you will be missing those credits with the Social Security Administration So if you have self-employment tax, please file your tax return on time regardless of whether you can pay it So if you don't pay your taxes the IRS or the French as tax board can file a lien against you They usually do this for ten thousand dollars or more They can also levy your bank accounts. Just go in and take the money out of your bank account They can garnish your wages the IRS actually is ten years to collect taxes. You don't pay and the French as tax board has 20 so if they Takes some off the top of your paycheck every month They get the IRS or the French as tax board can issue an order to your employer say hey You need to withhold 10% of their income I think it's actually 25% of their income and pass it directly to us at the tax agency They don't get to see that money and I can provide these by the slides by email for you guys And if you have a tax lien, it's gonna affect your property You won't be able to sell your property if you do sell it the IRS or the French tax We're just gonna take what you owe them right off the top. You won't be able to refinance It becomes public record and can affect your employment or maybe your credit score It's also it also can prevent you from getting public housing. I have a client now who owes to the franchise tax board She's been on the wait list for public housing for eight years And she's now in the top 30 of the list. They let her know But if we don't get that lien removed by the time they come to her name She's gonna go right back to the end of the list and she's gonna wait another eight ten years So here's some suggestions use the IRS paycheck checkup now use it now So make sure that you're having enough withheld from your taxes. So let me show you the website really quick So here here it is though the IRS has put a withholding calculator here So you can just fill out these forms here. It has a Lot of information that you you can enter and I'll show you what the result is and The people who should use this if you're a two-income family If you have two or more jobs at the same time or only work part of the year If you claim credits like the child tax credit, you have dependents aged 17 or older You itemized your deductions in 2017. You have a high income or a complex tax return Or if you had either a large refund last year or you had a large bill I would recommend that you use this paycheck check up And here's a little summary. I just did a mock paycheck check up And here's it gives you some great information. It says it tells you how much they estimate your taxes to be It has a place for you to enter your dependents any itemized deductions And it says right here if you don't it's it's very clear in the instructions It says if you do not change your current withholding you will have You'll owe this much money when you file your tax return So this is a great tool so that you can start saving now or you can make pre payments to the IRS ahead of time so that you aren't Hit with a big bill and aren't able to pay it at the time you file your return It also tells you gives you suggestions on how to change your w4 The w4 is the form you fill out when you get a job and it tells you and you fill out Oh, I'm a I only have one job. I'm single. I don't have any dependents and it tells you how much they withhold from your taxes The form w4 did change this year So even if you if your employer hasn't had you fill out a new one you might want to fill out a new one Especially if this tool gives you instructions it says you need to it gives you specific instructions Enter zero on line five of your w4. So this gives you very clear instructions on how to Have enough withheld but not too much withheld Yes, I don't know if California has something similar This is just on the IRS side But again the tax brackets and everything aren't changing significant significantly with California So you might not see much of a difference with California. Yeah, I'm not sure I would check the franchise tax board website and you can you can see on there.  Or they just cash that you get 1099 So you're self-employed in that can in that situation. So you file a schedule C you can Do something called estimated tax payments. It's a form 1040 dash ES yep, and So it's different if you are self-employed versus if you have a w2 because if you're w2 they withhold a certain percentage of your Paycheck every month and send it to the IRS. But if you're self-employed, it's your responsibility four times a year to pay Pre-pay to the IRS how much you're gonna owe because we're on a what they call pay as you go tax system So you would fill out the form 1040 ES instead of doing the paycheck checkup. So this is just for people who Get a w2 Yes, yeah, we're talking about how much you should Yeah, so the account when you have you do estimated tax payments. He's projecting how much you're gonna owe For your own your tax return and saying pay this amount in small increments so that you don't get hit with penalties because you underpaid Well, you can certainly use the form yourself the form 1040 Yes, there's also not on the IRS website, but some of the tax preparation sites like turbo tax They'll have a free tax estimator which you can use as well But the I don't the IRS doesn't have something specifically for self-employed persons except for the 1040 ES form Which you you can certainly go through yourself You're welcome. That's if you are paying a 401 into a 401k It has you enter like if you if you did a cafeteria plan or a 401k plan, that's what that is I just entered that number in for this example Or retirement account a 401k is a retirement account So if you pay If your employer offers a 401k retirement account They can deduct some from your check each month that they deposit in there and you can get a deduction for that on your tax return Well, however much you pay in up to I think $2,500 I'm not sure the exact amount, but there's a maximum amount that you can deduct for for contributions Use a tax preparer or tax software. Please don't do this by hand unless you have I don't know just wages a 1w2 Why well you see there's so many changes these talk tax software That preparers use or that you can use yourself have all of this information Incorporated into their software They're gonna make sure that all of the correct schedules are attached that you don't leave anything off that you're maximizing your credits You can file your returns certain returns for free with the IRS free file There's a link here. You can also look for a free tax prep location I'll talk a little more about that and then there's another website called taxchanges.us Where it has more details a little more details about the various changes and some in the tax law and some things I didn't go over the tax form Not yet Eventually you'll be able to download the tax form right now. It's just a draft of the form. So they aren't probably aren't going to release it until January the end of January when the tax season starts because they are working very hard to get the form out right now. Yes Yeah, so if you qualify for the free free filing software, there are income limits And there if you have a self if you have a schedule C You're not eligible for certain types of the free filing software But if you're I think it's under 64 or 65,000 something like that You can use is they're great It says turbo tax is free if you make under a certain amount of money If they're still doing it but tax act again, that's another one. That's free for you to use if you make more than the the income limit for the All-encompassing software the IRS has something called free file But you have to be a little more sophisticated to use that it doesn't auto populate forms You have to know which forms that you to add So I think it'll be worth paying for a software this year if you don't qualify for the free software Just because it's it's just going to be a minefield of mistakes that you could make And also it's it's like a postcard size. I mean is it gonna get lost in the mail like if you mail in a return? I mean, there's all questions. It's gonna be answered So if you if you make under $54,000 and there's a couple other requirements But the threat main threshold is $54,000. You can actually visit Volunteer income tax assistance or a vita site There's many many of these sites throughout the Bay Area in San Francisco that they will open towards the end of January and you can go on the IRS website here to To find a location that's close to you There's also something called tax counseling for the elderly. It's a TCE site and this they offer free tax counseling and Preparation for anyone who's over 60. I don't think there's income limits on this one So if you are over 60, I would take advantage of this They offer tax planning so if they're as soon as they're open you can definitely give them a call and say hey Can you go over this with me now? and on that note I would try not to wait till April 15th if possible to follow your return get it prepared you can always get it prepared early and then save up money If you are gonna oh if you if you don't think you'll have enough save for the taxes you may owe Yes, you have a question No, they do prep they do preparation Yeah, tax counseling and prep for 60 and over any other questions There here's our intake line if you are having some issues with we don't prepare taxes at the low-income taxpayer clinic But if you do owe back taxes or your return to get selected for audit, you can certainly give us a call Or send an email here, but I'll stick around for any other questions. Do I have any questions now?