My name is Sergeant 1st Class Kevin Payne, I'm with Cascade Company of 2nd Battalion 5th Security Forces Assistance Brigade. I'm Staff Sergeant Kyle Gersbach and I'm a member of Cascade Company 2nd Battalion 5th SFAB. My name is Staff Sergeant Hockus Albert, I'm in Beggar Company 2nd Battalion 5th SFAB. My name is Staff Sergeant Michael Katanzaro, I'm in Cascade Company 2nd Battalion 5th SFAB which is Security Forces Assistance Brigade. It's very important for us, it's been on our radar for a while knowing that our brigade is aligned to Indo Paycom and knowing that a lot of our partner forces are going to be working in jungle areas and the majority of the AOR is a jungle region. So getting this course is a pretty big deal for us because it gives us the opportunity to familiarize ourselves with the areas that we're going to be working with ahead of time before we go work with our partner forces. Coming to a school like this gives us the opportunity to see terrain and to see tactics that are slightly unfamiliar to us and allows us to kind of get a better understanding of what we could be going into and then it helps us plan for those contingencies going forward. Again the training on ground and in depth on how to do tactical operations within the jungle which will then provide us the ability to advise brigade, company and other commanders in the Pacific. Rain, terrain, terrain, that is going to be the hugest factor. Any country we go to there's going to be a jungle like this in the Pacific so everybody in 5th SFAB should be coming to this because they'll have a better understanding on tactics and operations in this environment. We did a lot of running and practice our knots. Just focusing on my knots, just tying knots over and over and over to get ready for this course. We did a lot of running to make sure that we were able to complete the jungle 5k in the time standard and we did a lot of rucking and walking as well just to make sure that we got our feet ready to be able to move through this environment. Ten days of just practicing knots and running every day so that way we were up to standard for this course.


We're glad to know that you're still there and watching us. This is the breakfast on PLOS TV Africa and we are being joined by architect Ezekiel Nyaito, a public affairs analyst. He's talking to us from Akwaibom. Good morning and welcome to the program. Good morning. It's always my pleasure to be with you. Thanks for having me. At this point, I should always be greeting you messiere. Good morning. Good morning. Good morning. Good morning. Okay. All right. Well, we're starting with the nation newspaper. The nation newspaper, we're starting with it because we have stories that came from yesterday and we're going to just seek your opinion or your thoughts on these stories and then we move on to fresher headlines on the punch and all that. So we'll begin with the nation and an interesting story that we were looking at and we still would like to get your opinion is the fact that the Senate has barred new members from top positions. Okay. Unless you have stayed in the Senate for at least one tenure, you cannot vie for a principal position like the Senate president or the deputy president. What are your thoughts on that? On the surface, it makes sense. I would like to say because when you get into the Senate, you don't have to start learning certain things. You would have been there at setting positions like the president of the Senate or the leadership, the top three, four positions. You don't want to go there and it's like, oh my God, they don't do it that way. For you to be a leader, you need to be on top of your game. Now, look at what is happening in ministry works. You can see that that minister has an understanding of whatever is being done, being a current registered civil engineer and a fellow at that. It means he is on top of the game and there's nothing that people can come and bamboozle him with. So the same thing if you are getting into the leadership of the Senate, you need to have enough knowledge to understand the processes, the procedures to lead the people. So while it is seemingly very convenient for now because of the exigencies of the moment I would say, but I think that it's something that is very important. It's actually what ought to be long before today. I know that the current Senate president was minority leader in his first entry into the house and he could say that the minority leader is not the same thing as the Senate president and that having come from the background of the governor, he could manage the system having related with the legislature at the lower level. But when you come to that of the Senate president or the deputy Senate president, I think that they are not things you should learn on the road. They are things that you should have a very deep seated knowledge of. I think it's a good development, convenient, but it's good. Okay. Well, like I said, those headlines from the nation newspaper were from yesterday. We had agreement with organized labor to cause federal government to trillionaire and all that. But we've treated that yesterday. We're going to the punch now, which has fresher stories and we're beginning with the headline states borrow 46 billionaire from banks to pay salaries and this really worries me. They write us on that story. That story is that access, fidelity, Senate, lend state, 46 billion in six months as governor's battle, poor IGR, fiscal responsibility, commission issues, guidelines to banks on lending to states. The real headline there is economic crisis. That is what it is called before we are told that states have borrowed this much. To pay salaries. At a time when workers are still even talking about salary rise, minimum wage rise and every other thing. And we're talking about states borrowing 46 billion. Federal government said no more borrowing at all. Now the states are borrowing 46 billion. Let me get your comments on this, please. You see, the reason why we have become the poverty capital of the world, the reason why we resort to borrowing as what should be is because we really have people in offices that have no understanding of what it means to be a governor or what it means to be a president. If I had my way, the process of becoming a president or a governor should start about two years to election. It should be a process where at least a year to election, the people that ought to be there already know themselves, the environment knows them and due diligence is done on them. It's a process where you must of necessity have a debate in each of the six geopolitical zones and in the state as a governor in each of the three senatorial districts. People get into government, maybe you can imagine a governor wants to get his crony in or just accidental civil servants or accidental public servants and as a result this will come in there without having a clear understanding of the dynamics of the essence of their issue. The school of, you know, this school set up about Madam OBA, S.P.P.G., School of Politics, Policies and Governance, everybody that wants to be a governor or a president must undertake a three weeks intensive course. You can do two weeks online, but you must do one week on site where you are taught what governance is all about, the essence of governance, what their budget is all about, the budgeting processes, what they are the exigencies. You must understand these things very well so that when you get into the office, you know what you are doing. Why am I going all this long route? It is because governors get into office without, with very wrong mentality. I've had the privilege of relating with so many governors over the years, from the days of Mr. Mimiko, where I was a personal friend to the days of Mr. Donald Duke, to the days of Mr. Uduahan, to the days of Obamata, to the days of Victor Ata, my brother Acpabio. I could name at least 20 governors that I've had one-on-one relationship with, and have an understanding of what governance is, and a lot of times you get to realize that people get in there and they are like, wow, I didn't think this was like, they get overwhelmed and they have this mentality that there is money in government. In fact, they go in with the preconception of there is money in government. You must understand first and foremost that there is no money and that you are there to go and create money and not to go and take money and distribute money. You must have the mindset that you have been sent to go and create money. Once you have that mindset, borrowing is no longer your first option. You're asking yourself, how am I going to get about my IGR? You're asking yourself, what is my employment portfolio like? What are the three things that you must do where governance is concerned?  In your recurrent, what is running of government, what is salaries and wages? In your salaries and wages, what are the areas where I necessarily have to rejig so that I get maximum benefit from what I put in? When you have that mindset and that mentality, you don't take borrowing as your first option. But unfortunately, we don't do this, you know, rigorous pre-qualification profiling. As a result, governments go into the mentality of bring the money, bring the money, bring the money, get the money. And I think that is why we are where we are today. You look at labor and you look at government, you look at their negotiation and you can see any act of honesty or sincerity of purpose between them. And this is our lives, this is our destiny, this is the vehicle we are all in. So the question is, what's the way forward? Okay, now we have this question of the ministerial nominee who fainted while he was being grilled. It was time for him to talk about himself. When he fainted, the minister from Kaduna State, and he was still passed as it were, he was still given the nod even when he couldn't say anything he fainted and they were trying to revive him. Also, a journalist died in the National Assembly shuttle and all that. So I would like you to comment on the three ministerial nominees that were sent that will be confirmed. In fact, they are confirmed. So let's just get your comment on that. You know, you had asked me this question some time back, what might take, okay, no, no, no, I think it was on a sister station. I see some extremely bright lights in this administration, you know. I believe that I was listening to the minister of our interior, you know, give a scorecard about three weeks ago or a month ago he had come on air to say that there's a backlog of over 200,000, you know, international passports, and that he was going to clay it within two weeks. And he came on board again yesterday to give a scorecard and apologize to Nigerians that he could not make the two weeks deadline, but that it had to be extended to three weeks, but that he came to tell Nigerians that every single backlog has been printed. I asked a question. So it was possible to print these passports within two weeks or three weeks. So why were we made to suffer the way we did? And if that be the case, how many other sectors are we suffering because of corruption, deliberate suffering?  You need to know the man that knows the man that knows the man that is the man. And here we are today. Somebody comes up and said, in two weeks, I'll get it done. And in three weeks, he gets it done over 200,000. That is number one. So that gives me some hope that there are people who are like, look, they sound by to a good and listen to the minister of works. I'm very impressed. Absolutely so. Mr. Wike, everybody knows him. I mean, he's doing well. The minister of housing is hitting the ground running. Look at it today. One of the companies has decided to have effectively the price of cement. OK. And what people don't know is that this man had a big hand in it. You get the point, the current minister of housing. You know, a lot of background work was being done. I remember him calling me. We had about two hours' meeting. Each of the strategic stakeholders in the industry, he's bringing them together because he knows them already. He was a former MG of Federal Mortgage Bank. So he knows all of us that are the strategic stakeholders and he's bringing everybody what can we do, how do we do this. And he's already setting up committees and things are happening already. You know, there are other ministers like that. So I'm happy with that. But there are some others that I just don't understand where they are coming from and where they are going. But we're not doing analysis of all these people. It's something strikes me as I watch these people being screened. They read a lot from the script. So the question is, where these questions and give them to them before time for them to... You know what I'm saying? Okay, you and I are doing off the press, okay? And imagine a situation where you say, what do you think of this? And I start to read something. Did I prepare that question before I came there? I can understand if I'm looking at the piece of paper and picking things because, I mean, I'm expecting that... I don't even know when you don't have portfolio. Where do you start to prepare? What are you preparing for? So when you start to read out script, the question is, what's going on? So that guy's fainting are two things. Number one is, it's natural. It can happen to anybody anytime, any day, okay? Something can... I remember once as I was in Africa with my governor, Obangat at that time. And I just got out of the lift. I was to walk towards the car. We were to drive out to check some companies. And I blanked. I blanked. I mean, I just blanked. I didn't know where I was, what was happening. You know, and it was for a few seconds. And luckily for me, before the governor knew what happened, I had come back. So what am I saying? Anybody can blank. Any of those things can happen. That's number one. Number two is that it could have been a ploy.  He wasn't articulate at all. That could also have been that internally certain things had started happening to him or something. And he was trying to break it all. He said, bro, say, be like, this is not hard pass as I think, as a result. And then I just, you know, remember the fainting stuff of NDDC chairman. So these guys, you know, so I'm being careful because it could have been A or B. But at the end of the day, I think that rather than passing, if we even, if we really is screening to be a process of verifying, if that is the essence, but if it is like going through the motions, then they don't really need to bother us with it. They should just go ahead. Yeah, because it's now seems like it's, it's a way of just putting the face to a name that they don't know. Come on, introduce yourself and go. Two things from there. First of all, the young lady who was a bio, I think that was also a nominee, 37 years, it's laudable. But the Senate president said that because the president, you know, who wants to include the youths and all that, they, the young woman should not be grilled, should not be asked too many questions because she is representing the face of the new government, the renewed hope and all that. Oh, she is not. Now I was asking myself, you know, is she the only young person that if she fails the grilling or the screening, we cannot get another young person to replace her, even if this is what the intention is. And then the person who fainted, I was also asking myself, should health not be part of the screening? Because federal executive council meeting might take hours upon hours. How many hours did he stay before he got that kind of exhaustion? He didn't travel like you traveled to South Africa. He was here in Nigeria. I'm sure he was in Abuja before the day that he was being screened. So what kind of exhaustion? Does he have a health problem that will also impact on the office that he was going to get? So shouldn't health and sundry other things be part of the screening of whoever is going to superintendent over any ministry in Nigeria?  Like you mentioned, Wike, Wike can be on his toes for as long as you can think. You mentioned Devumai, who is the minister of works, and you know that he can be on his toes for a very long time. And all the people you mentioned are people who are like, you know, horses that can work long hours. So shouldn't we be thinking about very small details that can impact the office that somebody is going to occupy? I was worried that he was passed without a concern about his health, whether it's going to be a problem or not. And that the other person, because she was young, she should just be given the nod to go. I don't know how you feel about that. You see, there are two things. In Nigeria, I'm called the National Youth Headmaster. I work with the youth, I relate with the youth because probably I started extremely early. You know, I waited at 25. At 30, I had had my three children. At 45, two of my sons were graduates from Covenant University, okay? So I've bonded with them. And let me tell you, the quality of youth that we have in Nigeria, I can't find it anywhere in the world. And I have traveled around the world. At this risk of sounding immodest among my seventh international passport, literally filled. What am I saying? I've related with youth around the world. I can hardly find a country that I've found the youth as resilient, as resourceful, as enterprising with the kind of spirit that Nigerians have. So you can't tell me that somebody else 37. In fact, that one on the cross. I'm talking of 25, 35. I can give you a minimum of 10 from every state that you put them up on national television and drill them on national issues and your mouth will drop at the resourcefulness of these young people. I'm telling you this for free. Look at, I don't even want to go into details because even in my own house, my son drills me.  When this guy drills me, sometimes I have to tell him to take it easy, I'm the father. He is aware. There are so many of them, his contemporaries. And then you are telling me that he should not drill somewhere that is about 37 years. At 37 years was when I became the first Nigerian and got sheltered for any state government in this country and built the sheltered estate in Uyo here, which is still the model estate. At 35, you're not a child. At 37, you should be drilled.  I want to marry as a 25. They call me and say, in zero, waiting at home. Is there a problem?  At 35, I'm already a graduate. Are you understanding me? At 30, I'm a father of three children, master's degree. And they are saying, ah, this small boy, we must understand that this concept of youth being children is past and gone. These guys are sharper, they are more intelligent, they are more articulate, they are more forward, they are more in tune than we think they are. So I took exception to that of telling me that a 30-year, a 30-30, something a year-old adult cannot be drilled on national issues to be vested with a national assignment and responsibility when we have a plethora of them. Nigerians littered with, let me use the word littered with talent, with brains, with capacity, with competence.  If you're intelligent, you know, you have to grammar, grammar. They call you grammar, grammar. What they want is to work in structure. Borrow the money wherever you can. Just make us happy.  Okay, well, yeah, that was my worry. So I just needed to say that, I don't know. Why would you say?  Just because a name has been brought, he feigns. We don't know whether tomorrow he will start a project and then he is no longer with us, God forbid. But you don't want to just be in the bad books, maybe, of the president. And you just pass the person. Why not give him a chance? Recover, come back and tell us what you are going to do or what you can do. Otherwise, let's look for another person. Your favorite would have been Nassir El Rufai. But the replacement of your Nassir El Rufai is the one who fainted while being grimmed. Imagine, imagine. It's the, it's, it's, it's, it's, I love El Rufai. He is like bitter sweet.  But in certain areas I just love. Imagine El Rufai as minister of power. El Rufai no sin, he couldn't care less. His own is, he's going to step one. It's just like what Wike is doing. Imagine having Wike, El Rufai, Dangiwa and the, and the, Umahi. The guy, the president will be smelling like a rose. I'm telling you, they should use back door and bring El Rufai. I'm telling you. Your company, your company is strong this morning. Okay, well. He's very strong, he's very strong because I love Nigeria and I want people who say, if I perish, I perish. Those are the Buddha. Look at, listen to Umahi. He had never known him. He was never my guy. If I, when he wanted to run for presidency, I was one of those I said, Nusina Mayemi, waiting to do this one, making y'all relax. But right now, I'm starting to give him thumbs up very seriously. And he, he tells you, look, listen. If you want anything you want to do to me, do to me. That's it. For me, oh, this is where I am. Those are the bull.   Anybody that is willing to lay down her or his life for Nigeria, the God of Nigeria, we keep that person alive, protect that person and make sure that the other person is able to do what she or he wants to do. But all these bulls are getting politically expedient and will not do the hard thing just to protect themselves. God will find a way of directly or indirectly taking them out. So that the prayers of Nigerians will be answered. The poor are suffering. I don't want to enter this topic because when I do, it gets me. If you have the least idea of what is going on in Nigeria, how people are suffering, you know, people just come in and say, people are suffering, people are suffering. Some of them are just repeating, I sat down and went and heard village by village in Akwaibong state. I'll just give you two. This is important, very briefly. Number one is an old man said, please find jobs for the youth because they are becoming a problem. This guy will carry torchlight, climb palm fruit in the village, harvest the palm fruits. I don't know how many of us know what palm fruit is. That big thing with spikes. Carry it on his head and come down. Why? Because if it drops, people will hear and wake up. Do you know what it means for somebody to climb a palm tree, harvest the palm tree, the palm fruit, carry it on his head and come down. Can you imagine how, what a terrible situation that person is in. The second one was a woman.  So when he now told the daughter to go to, she said, mommy, what is the youth going to school to come back and between periwinkle? That is your size. So let me job between this periwinkle so that you don't waste your money. And she said, how do I tell my child that her lot will not be like my own? I've had my certificates, I've gone around, I cannot work, I don't want to prostitute. So this is the only thing I can come back to do. Imagine such a state that we are in. Such a country that we are in. And these are just too practical, the people involved talking to me one on one because I wanted to be governor. I wanted to see things where they are. I think that our leaders have no idea what people are going through. That is why they are coming with all these, you know, programs and projects that I just sit down and I can't sleep well at night. So because of the prayers of those people, let me tell you something. My name is Ezekiel. Watch me, I'm a prophet. There are some ministers if they are not careful they will sleep, they will not wake up. No, that is the death that you cannot even attribute to anybody. You can't hold anybody. Do you understand me? Because they need to be removed so that they can be replaced. And when it happens to three, four people, those remaining will learn a lesson. So my own advice to every minister today, every governor today is use that opportunity to work for your people so that God will keep your life. If not, so God will delete you, He will remove you because the poor must breathe. You're being prophetic today. You're being, you're being, you're being, yeah, but it's fine. Let's move to the Guardian newspaper. The Guardian newspaper leads with the story Crisis Looms in Varsities over mass exodus of lecturers. That is the leading story on the Guardian newspaper. So maybe you will take your comments on that before we go to other headlines because there are so many there that you might want to comment on.  And she tells me what you have just heard, what you've just read is so true. And we have a lot of problems waiting for us, you know? First, it was in the medical field and a lot of these people, you know, this, there's this, I don't know if you're aware of these recruitments came for Kertke give us, especially in the UK, where you pay as much as, you know, 10,000 pounds to get recruited. They are actually accredited agencies because the UK is thinking in terms of how they can get, you know, the homes for the elderly and support and take care of them. And they are people who may not want to do it, but Nigerians, when they hear that you're going to pay this amount of money and they convert it, a lecturer does not mind going to be a caregiver because he's asking himself, what is the use of a big title when I cannot feed my family? Let me go there. Nobody will know me, nobody will see me. I take care of the old people and then they take care of me. As a result, bank cars are living in droves. Just yesterday, somebody called me, sir, please you want to buy a car, any amount, just a give away, blah, blah, this guy wants to take off. Why does he want to take off? He has seen one of those schemes and he needs to raise 13 million, which is a thousand pounds. Do you get the point? And this is somebody that should be relatively comfortable. And I tried to find out why and the answer was as simple as possible. What am I earning today? What am I doing? Why don't you go out there, give myself two, three years while I'm still relatively strong, do you understand me? And work with an agenda knowing that I don't want to cancel it for too long. And people say five years and the project that in five years they'll be able to save a minimum of, then, not even now, they'll be able to save a minimum of 10 million per year. Five years they have 50 million, okay? They come back and look for what to do. Others project they'll be able to make over 100 million now that the diorama has become something else but I know it to the back. No, the projection is even so lucrative that they would rather leave the bank go there, get maybe 200 million, come back and set up themselves where they started, while still keeping in touch somewhat. And let me say that this so-called jackpot thing has two sides to it. There's a good and there's a bad because I try to look for the good in everything. And let me tell you, a lot of people are starting to be able to repatriate funds and save their family here because they traveled. So if government is proactive, they will try to create a window where all these people that are living, you create a nexus and a relationship with them such that you make it so they can easily think in terms of being able to come back. So while they are going away, they are finding ways of sending money back, then also make the money that they send back so that it can go through the system by giving them a special window of sending funds back. The central bank governor has to learn to think outside the box. So by so doing, we'll be able to have a lot more inflow of the foreign exchange as our people are living. And on the basis of that, easy to see to what extent you can show up the value of the Naira. When the value of the Naira is much better and much stronger, then they realize that it's no longer as lucrative for them to be there. They cannot come back and invest it, have a recycling kind of scheme and don't let things just, people feel so happy that they've left and they don't think of coming back because everything is going south. Let the story that comes from Nigeria start to bring out these flashpoints that are our shining stars and lights and see hope so that the people that live will think of coming back. At the same time, let us see the health sector primarily and the academic sector and see there was a time that we used to send our people out to other African countries. But how do you bring people to Nigeria when the capital repatriation sending the money back is a problem number one. And number two, we are even having our own people that we need to give jobs to because unemployment is so heavy. So how do we create a system that in the universities, the exit of the lecturers does not make us to start to bring out people that are neither here nor there and they are not unemployable. So it's something that we need to have a national discourse on this. We call this japa, japa, japa. We'll just talk about it, but it's a major problem. Like the days of Andrew checking out that we need to have a national discourse to mitigate all the adverse effects of them living and all the holes that are left behind. How we plug these holes is something we need to have a major national discourse on. Or we'll be bringing them back like Umar O'deco. No go wrong. Okay, okay. Well, something happened and the CJN saw in about more than 20 new judges and some people are saying that it may help the judicial system to be better if we have more judges in the system. So, but he told them on the punch, the headline was that judgment based on constitution, not public opinion. That's what the headline on the punch says. And on the Guardian, it says beware of landmines. CJN Ariwala wants new federal high court judges. Okay, so these new high court judges have been sworn in, more than 20 of them. What does it say to you about the level of confidence in the judiciary now? Is it going to help or not? We just want to get your comments on that. He has warned them to beware of landmines, to make sure that the constitution is followed and all other things. We just like your comment on this. Yeah, you know some days back I probably wouldn't have been on this program because I probably would have been in jail by now. I was in the Supreme Court and I'm still putting things together. I was in the Supreme Court for my case and I was almost fainting because at a stage it needed angels to come and tie my hands. I wanted to lift my hands and just ask a question. But you know, I'm supposed to be there seen but not heard. But I think I needed to be heard. I needed, you know, that's the apex, that's the final buster. And the decisions were, you know, I have a case that has 60 days. Because of death, you keep my case for 40 days without a hearing. I'm able to do everything pray and God helps me to move that case to another level where it's finally heard. We rush everything and three days to the 60 days we finally finish everything. And then again, you keep the judgment till after the three days and you give the judgment and he said you have won and I'm running back to come and continue my case. Somebody goes to Supreme Court and said it was given after the 60 days. And then you actually annul my victory because judgment came after 60 days. Please, ways of justice. You kept my case for 40 days. I find one time I did everything on time and it worked for me. And then I come to appeal. I do everything on time. We finish on time, three days to go. You don't give judgment until after the third day when it has exceeded the 60 days. And then you punish me. All amount of money and everything I've put in goes because the judgment was not delivered within 60 days. And I should have compelled the judge to pass the judgment within the, who should you hold responsible at this point? Sorry, the Lord, it is what it is. That's what I get. Sorry, guy, it is what it is. So everything I've done comes to naught because you kept my case for 40 days and then judgment time, you keep it for another extra three days to exceed the day. So I think we need to start to look at judgment and justice and where the citizen should be punished for what he has absolutely no control over. I can understand if you file out of time or you didn't do this or you didn't do that. The way you've done everything, but they were okay like in this case, somebody died and they couldn't reconstitute the panel because blah, blah, blah. How should I then be held liable? I move on and we're able to finish it three days to the 60 days and you keep the judgment. And you say I should have compelled, or my lawyer should have compelled the judge to give the judgment. How? Is that even possible? Okay, well, I don't know. We do hope that there will be more time on the hands of the judges because there are now more to carry out the duties that they should carry out. But this is where we're supposed to, we're going to wrap up this morning. Please, just one second. One second, if it is. So that would be good. Very unfair of me not to say that during these processes, I saw judges that were Godly, God-fearing and gave their very best. So let me not, let me commend those people as well because it's very important they are there. Thank you so much, architect Nyaitok, for coming on the show this morning. Thanks for having God bless you. Yeah. Okay, we've been talking with architect Nyaitok, Zikir Nyaitok, and he was talking on the headlines this morning. We'd like to, at this point, say a prayer for the repose of the journalists who died in the National Assembly. And we hope that every other thing will fall in place. And the ministerial nominee who collabs, we pray that he gets speedy recovery and stands on his feet to do his work for the good of Nigeria and Nigerians. We'll take a short break when we return. We're going to be taking our first hot topic. Stay with us.


Oh yeah, those are kind of burned off there. That ain't good. Not a lot of room here to show you much. It's kind of a shady operation here. This video is brought to you in part by TrueTech Tools. Quality tools, essential support. All right guys, so we're going to be working on this today. It's air conditioner, right? Nothing special.  The other side is making noises. So I'm assuming that's the side that's not good. I'm going to unhook that side and just get it going so they can run it. I guess it's being noisy or something. So let's see what we run into. Haven't worked on one of these. Supposedly it's a northern system, whatever that is. But principles are all going to be the same. That's an Allen wrench. There we go. Oh yeah, lots. Got a head pressure control valve there. High pressure safety right there. Not sure where else everything else is. 480 volts. Eight tons of cooling. This has got a MRI in it. It's a big donut thing. Okay, got GPS things there. All right, well what I noticed was down here on the bottom there's a breaker that was tripped, which ain't good. So we're going to go ahead and see if we can get this thing opened up. Find out which one's shorted. I'm assuming that's what's going on. So it's got these wonderful correll... I call them correll. Correll, that's what I like to call it. Okay, so we've already got something that's taped off here. Yeah, so they've already unhooked something. Pressure contactor one. So CC, CC, CC2. Humidifier maybe. Heating contactor. And everyday Boyd likes chocolate cake. I don't know, whatever. So we've got our power here. Let's check see if we have any shorts to ground. Just go off the generic power leads. Here's the remote brain for some of it, it looks like. Got phase protection here. And should be there on that. Let's grab the meter, see what we got. Let's go ahead and just go straight to the ground. Got something there. 3,000 ohm. You wouldn't think you'd have anything to any of that, but you know, could have that. Pressure contactor two has 3,000 ohms to ground. That's 7,000. Now back to 3,000 and that one there. It'd be nice to know what they found. Somebody found on this. I don't even know who worked on it. I don't think we did. This is a portable unit, so somebody else has been working on it. So it could be, it just really depends on, why would you unhook that? I'm not overly impressed with this device at all, so. All right, let's see if we can get over to the other side and then see if the compressors are accessible from there. Refrigeration access. Here we go. Like I said, it's just a Allen wrench, but didn't bring those over with me. There's the compressors. Just some scrolled, scrolled dubbies there. That's our power. You'd think they would have put that cyclist on this side and put a little people through there.  Probably a refrigerant bypass.  So let's see these fans spin. Boy, them are some heavy duty dogs there.  Okay, got one TXV. So it holds 25 pounds of refrigerant. Can't really get to these compressors to actually probe the compressor themselves. We might be able to go through the battery there. It'd be great to know what exactly caused that breaker to trip. System sequence operation here was pretty nice. It's got, you know, obviously control network, TLAN. I've got two liquid nighting solenoid valves, fan cycle controls. I've got humidification. I've got dehumidification and the heating controls. All right, so we had to use the old thong here to read this because me and oh man, even with reader glasses, I can't even see that that's so small. Condenser fan, compressor here. Got the crankcase heater here. They're breaking one side of it here on the contactor. So two items are on one, two items on the other. So you have two compressors. You turn on obviously their own. So they did not break that crankcase here, but that wouldn't make any noise. So it makes me wonder which ones actually making noises.  I don't know yet.  So we weren't the one that worked on it. Somebody else must have. Yeah, but for the most part, I mean, we're going to go ahead and check through here. So we got the compressor and the condenser fan combined together. It looks like here we could probably tell we got black, red, and blue. So if we can isolate those right at the contactor, we can see which ones got some resistance to ground and isolate that particular thing. I am hoping that maybe it's the condenser fan because the wine compressor is already unhooked. So let's go up there and see if we can find that out for certain. Okay, so we go chassing ground to the bottom of the contactor for the one that's actually disconnected. I have no resistance to the compressors, but when we go to the other compressor, that one it's actually hooked up. That one I have 3,000 ohms to ground, which 4,000 there and 2,800 there. We can unhook the compressor. Hopefully the compressor works. Let's see if we can figure out which one. Now they really make it simple, did they? They did not label the compressor versus the condenser fan. So they're both the same gauge wire, so it's going to be kind of difficult to know which one's which. So let's go ahead and isolate them all and let's find out which one actually shows resistance to the ground and go from there. That's 17 there. Nothing on that one, so that one's okay. Well, let's put that back up underneath there and we'll leave that other one unhooked. I'll just isolate it that way I guess. Checking resistance between the terminals here. Got 320 on one, 140 something on the other. And we've got these three terminals here unhooked from it. These here have nothing to ground. Of course, I didn't check between them. Guess we can check between them, see what they are between, which got paralleled with the denser motor. Three, three, so they're all pretty much equal. That's a good sign. Okay, right here is that one power on. Yeah, this thing's quite the treat. Okay, we've got a condenser fan over there running. One of the contactors kicked in. That one obviously must be because that's the one that's running the condenser fan and the other one obviously can't. So they're screwed. That's terrific. It'd be great to know what's wrong with that other compressor. Did they lose a compressor? Did they lose a condenser fan? Maybe they just unhooked a condenser fan. I don't know. So now we've got to go back through and re-diagnose the whole thing. All right, spoke with the lady again. Got better clarification. Holy mackerel. So Friday they had noises. Saturday someone came out from Columbus and they said the contactor's bad and the compressor's bad. Well, I'm wondering if they didn't get their twiddle Ds backwards and unhooked the wrong one. So what I'm thinking about doing here is kill the power. We're going to take the compressor over here, move it over to here because we know that this contactor works. And then actually, you know what? Honestly, this contactor here actually pulled in. So I think they unhooked the wrong one. That's what I'm thinking. So at this point we're running 74 and 78 inside. Let's go ahead and kill power to it and see what happens. And after we re-hook it, so that is the Northern HVAC, which there's only one on it, which is confusing why you put Northern on it because there's only one. How would it be the Northern to pin theoretically right now? We're facing the south. Okay, power's dead. We're going to leave that compressor completely unhooked. I am probably going to put a wire tie around those so they all stay together. I think I'm just going to hook up the high voltage on the other side. Yeah, I'm just going to hook them up and call it a day. I don't know why they didn't just unhook the load side instead of unhooking the power side. So that's what's kind of funny.  They left it off and you tell me it's noisy, but you don't tell me that it's noisy before someone else looked at it. That is so misleading. Let's go ahead and just turn this thing on and see what happens. Of course, I can do this trip breaker. Let's see if we get it to dawn moment. Yeah, she was doing some funky monkey stuff. That contactor was possibly having an issue. It was rapid cycling that turd, which makes me think you may actually have issues with something besides just the contactor. Four ohms go over to the other one. Four ohms and go to this one between that one. And it's right at four ohms. That compressor I think is fine. We have just the condenser fans running right now, so we've got that isolated condenser. It's the only thing hooked up on both of them. So let's go back down here and turn this back on. See if by chance that contactor still throttles, you know, chatters like it was doing. There we go. Okay, there went one contactor. All right, both condenser fans are running, or at least it looks like the other one is. I don't think it's pulling from it, which makes me wonder why I can't that compressor run if the resistance is okay. Let's check it to ground. Power's dead. We already did this earlier, but let's go ahead and do it again. Nothing, nothing, nothing. What I'm going to do, I'm going to put these compressor terminals over to this other contactor. Maybe it's just the contactor's junk. The compressors are in parallel with each other, so it don't really matter. As far as I can tell, it don't matter which one's running. I am going to speculate that they're both the same tonnage. So we still have the number two, the true number two contactor compressor unhooked. We just moved it over to here, both contactors. I mean, if it works, I will switch the contactor so that first stage is always the one that kind of goes first. I'm assuming that's how it works. I didn't read through the whole book. I'm not one for reading bunches if I don't need to. I have a hard time remembering all of it anyway. Let's see what happens. Okay, I don't know where the battery went dead at, but let's go over here and see if that compressor's running. I'm going to say that the compressor's probably not running. I want to get in there. I'm not real thrilled about getting in 480, especially when they're barely reached the contactor, but we're only pulling five amps between all the condenser fan voters. That sounds more like it. 407C unit compressors, full load amps, 10 for two of them. I think it pulled in. You can see that we're pulling 39 amps. That's a problem. Compressor's stuck. So yeah, that compressor's stuck and the other one's short of the ground. It's super. Maybe. Yeah, it has to be. There should be no resistance to ground. So yeah, well, there you go. That's what's wrong with the one. The one compressor's not shorted. It just stuck. Now, you could reverse the rotation. I would have figured they would have tried that already. It's a scroll compressor. So I mean, obviously you can only do it for a short duration. I hate to hook those up and let them short to go, you know, short just to find out for certain. Yep, it's blown. It's screwed. Yeah. Well, if one's stuck, the other one's probably shorted. That might be what took out the other one. Who knows? I'm not, I don't like when someone else has been fiddle farting with stuff and you don't know if they got things back to normal and a lot of double work. Lots of double work. I'm not sure why they went and called the other guy back out. Why didn't they have the guy turn it on when he left? Obviously, he felt as though it wasn't should have ran. I don't think it's just a shorter wire to ground. They go ahead and unhook that other compressor. And that way they can at least run the fans and stuff. They need heat, which I doubt they will. They can have that. They can have some air movement. I don't know why that contactor was doing what it was doing. That just kind of maybe had something to do with the high amperage. Maybe it was bulging it down, voltage drop causing the transformer. But I didn't hear all of them kicking in and kicking out. All right, so we got the ladder out. I want to make darn sure before I condemn this. That's actually bad. So we get two compressors here. How do we find out which one's which? This one's hot. That's probably the one that had 39 amps when it's only supposed to run, I think 10 or 10 amps total between the two of them. This one's cold. So we're gonna pop that thing and measure resistance. We'll isolate the wires, make sure it's not shorted to one of those wires. You know, as it comes down and through, you can see it kind of like goes across there. Put them down, burn, bend it out. Yeah, that's not good. Oh yeah, those are kind of burned off there. That ain't good. Not a lot of room here to show you much. It's kind of a shady operation here. That wire came off. It pretty much burned off. Literally can't get your hands into anything. It's crazy. The other guy can change this thing, but have fun. I think I got it. Yeah, all of them are off and that ain't good looking. Let's see if we can get the resistance check here. We got anything at all. This thing is 100% verified as shot. Yep, 800 and some odd times there. 600 there. She's done. Yep, she done. Well guys, I think it pretty much wraps it up. If the other company's already getting the compressors, let them do it. They've got two now they need to change and I think it's kind of interesting did the other one just all of a sudden go out or was it bad when he was here? Who knows?  Who knows? But more of the story, don't give up. Don't get too into, don't worry about it. If you've never seen it before, it's the first one I ever worked on, but it's got a compressor. It's got a contactor. It's got evaporators and condenser motors.  So if you enjoyed the video and you want to see more like it, don't give it a thumbs up. Give it a big thumbs up. Don't just give it a thumbs up, give it a big thumbs up.


That's how we do it right here. 2.5 months. Dude, you're killing it. Ya ni, mga mga mga tumelika quarantine. Eh, now I was waiting for you to drop the diamond one. Quarantine. Quarantine. Izan tzoma request ziko. Na una pita kina roki jana digital na zema kese su malewa na iwasha tuko pamoja, kana tush pita na zema. Tundin from Meru Kabumbi. Roland. Hai. Meru nyu ni jaz. Dais mwenda na zema big up DJ. Uno na masalamu mingi. Zedrik Muranda na zema LD watching. And Leon, what's why you saying Leon from Naivasha, tumo apata vi no masana plot mzima na skilizatano kali kumpigo. Niche zekiba kameleon tetezo. No umgote job minor. Job minor, how you doing? Udochize yo kameleon. Thank you plot mzima, tumo apenda. Wazi DJ ako poa sana, niko taita. Uyo ni Elvis Mwakio. And then there is someone, tuned in from Dagoretiko na napa. Kaka picha kakana kumtoto ka. I think nika waifi though. Nika waifi. Oh, that is so cute. Kumtoto, waifi na kumtoyo. Okay, that is so cute. Guys, thank you so much for watching us. Whatever you're tuned from, whatever you're watching us from, we really appreciate it. Uno apenda sana. I hope you're having a good time. And of course if you have any requests, you can always talk to us. You can tell us whatever you want to listen to or to watch rather, because our DJ is here. And that's how we do it on a Friday. It's a freestyle Friday. You can see whatever you want. We don't care. As long as we're having a good time.  Because the person I'm bringing in studio right now, you guys are now ready. I had one of them, Kitambo. And I was like, you know what, I need you guys together. They are my favorite comedians. Why not sit here together and just make our Friday, you know, better. None other than Mtumishinam Chungaji. Apende unawu wa sosa sana. Unapongesha. Oh, yo. Una banyanga uchiwa kwa musi. Kwa ni ni kelabu. Kusa kusa tufanya chukutiku. Yo. Yo. Pika chafu, heka. Chukuma cha pati. Scratch. Yo, yo. Una chua ma DJ Iwote. Uini DJ Chamba. DJ Iwote ni Wakamba. E, Sapa piya cha pati. Chapa pati. How they roll? How they rock? Uwiwa. Una kawa piya pa? Kaliya. Oh, there goes my yellow. Yellow, yellow. Oh, nisa kukaliya? Looka like na try. Sorry, una chua muku tupea. Muku tupea script. Una chua film mefa. Uu kuna freedom. Oh. Film mefa pa itewe. Ya. Una kawa chama felan. Uiwa. Chama tu felan. Uiwa ni neske wa kimuita DJ. DJ piya makenesia. Mimim chua baba. Piera. Amutia ito isi fitanda apa? Nareza ni. Uzi si energy apa? Oh. Sile amalisa. Sorry. Wa, wa, wa, nnama Zeni. Amdani ngingiliya kwashu yaungu baide. Sorry. Amdani ngingiliya kwashu yaungu. Ah, ah, ah. Ni observation. Kwa kuna observation apa? Ok. Nnama Zeni tu. Okay. Ogape. Nesi tupe kucha indafiyun na nisa yuna mu indafiyun. Ok, guys at home as you can tell. I'm very overwhelmed right now. One, because you've just taken over the show. Two, because I'm such a huge fan. Yeah, thank you, thank you, thank you. I'm a huge fan and I'm so happy to see you. You know last time you didn't come? Yeah, yeah. Sijum bonap? I'm not quarantined. I'm not quarantined, so I'm fine. No, it was home, home quarantined. Me? Me ni kwa na homea. So ni kambua ni kaa kwa nyumba so nasera kaa. Yo usuri? Osuri? Muneza, nchuku wa tu mumsaa, nchukua wasanise. Tusu sanise? Tusu sanise? Banda chartu ni nashiyutanda. Gaina? Sasa muna tu nasanitaz? Siwata nasindo. Siwata na tu li kwa kwa rana? Lukasif? Nmin ni li malisa nan Marieke, nachuhi shikangi mutu marepe. Siria ni alam. Sin li kwa na homea? Homa. Homa. Homa. Homa. Homa. Homa. Maktiki lam pranua kwa na Homa. Sasusindiwe yon ni kapo wa kipo of. O, ma, it's true. Kikama yei yakinana ni ui na nafila yaw atu wa kupua. Chef, chef siyate ni Homa. Nafi kere. Ono mai thinking kapaziti nafi kere ni Homa. If it's you a thinking kapa. Nitu why yei homa na chiangagya? Wa chatufa nyele gitul kwe metru. Una siya, on teatasite sii wea talk class. Nani sii kami. We are doctors How are you doctors? We are TPS TPS TPS means traditional parts attendanga So this is man kind No, no, no Man Meet wife So meet man Okay I'm so lost Don't try to get lost Wait TP what? TPA TPA means traditional parts attendanga So wakati Traditional parts Parts Parts Parts Parts Parts Parts Parts Parts Yes So this is what we are going to do with mama We are going to do it with the man But we are going to throw it to the dad We are wakilimani We are going to throw it to the dad But we are going to throw it to the dad I love you too I love you too I'm so amused now You still lost me Are you married? No she is Are you married? No she is Okay guys do you know When you look at me right now I'm literally watching them like this Because I'm just like What are these people all about But let me tell you guys you have no idea Right after my show You have all the time Yes To be watching this guys Right? They have a new show Yes of course Yeah yeah yeah You guys have a new show I'm going to be one of the fans Right after my show So you can imagine guys To talk about Broody Sharpa You know To kshama Lizaevi Guess who comes in Boom He's in igani Comedy He's in igani He's in igani What are these He's in igani What are these Tell me more about the show though Apple Omongi Liesen ki Swahili San I'm going to watch You're going to watch a show Sir sir DJ DJ It's like you're in chore Just you know Kututama ni bas Atina ni alitwa muntungi 20 angu na ni maha Kamba ni emini li ingi ya kwa iploti wakwaza Isi ni kan Ukona kitapu ya tenya Isi ni kan Tuna uwa mucomba na achakufa Isi ni kan Ukona pieri makena kwa sho tanokali Isi ni kan Ya You have lapakal state Okay I'm just I'm used So basically I just I was actually thinking of visiting a gani right now Nuguna fkiri Asa ni minta sema gani Na jule pressure of entertainment Jule me sema zinusana Atami ni kuwantikoksima Sema ohia wapu nyumia Paitineza kwa mi stari Sema weka fasi So to seme Apana wacha twikai Nataka Mutu ula na dika scripta ni Andi ke mimi na makena Siya na itwa role Na niya kwa Nitu andi ke mimi na makena Nitu misi Nitu misi Na nafili na narukai Na narukai uo story pati ni sawatun Tairuti hako patari Isi kia isi ke katikati Tukuski Muna ni pati Muna miskiya sasa Na niya kusumbu e davula Na, I know We are itwifu Terekt Terekt D.o.p Wacha kwa na kiziya Wacha kwa bion e trokua Nimulu ya Ofia zinani Asa, sasa tumekucha kweenda Fumon yana tuni Sahi zi ni gani Sahi zi ni gani There you go guys That's what I'm talking about These guys are here today Because we are due there at the time We missed you I missed you We really wanted to have you But now you didn't have time I was quarantined Not I didn't have time But we have made things clear He was quarantined That's why I did not make it That's why he did not make it Ya But now we have him here How is your family? How is everything? My family It's okay Because I got to know so much about his family And I'm sure guys at home Because we know about his family Everyone knows that Because you guys are comedians Every time you are here You have to check We just don't think about you guys Actually you have a family There is no way you can be quarantined There is no way First you don't look like being quarantined You know Comedians are just there And you just think that life is Ikua patu How is it? How is your family and how is this quarantine?  Ya kwan Aki tokasu wendele ya kumi Kumi na mocha, mua ka mocha Kwaninu unanza tenna wan Why do you start one month? Kwan Sababu nile si kuwalingi ya kwa dunia Kwan niyo si kuwalingi ya kwa dunia? Eyo traulisa takutari Makana eyo aakusita takutari Imagina ispe na kuchangan weba wacheni Wacha kwa zna I'm thinking about it Yes Mimi nina jari puku julisa eyo suwan Batu wa uza man Ule uziangu hawa man They don't say They don't say how many How many years are you Since you came to the world Yes They say Date of Bath Bath Bath Bath Batu wa wuna se manga Iconist Iconist Iconist Nobody says Iconist 1 kwa 33 32 No, I have my nine months Sindio yodume kwa 9 months Kwan ni muna si 2 paza ni? By the way, Mutumishu na jukwa kina pier Makana Ukuna pewangu kamin lipa 20 20 wat? Garanti Garanti Ya ni certificate 20 years Diyandaku leta Diyandaku mea kichwa So ni sayi Sayi ni mepa kisha 16 So 16 Namami aakia ni yambia Aki leta 2 shita Murete Chakwa mingin Ya ni kimi la Tukwa Makana Esa sa lakini Makana shita tayake So ni nda kutafutawu Si mi sister from Manatsa Mata Lakini ni kimi We are all sisters 20 years Kutani rukana ni kwa pa? Ya, imagine how We are all sisters Sayi kiki umana Makana ni jatakuwa Kwa za kupika firimi Mayoi Laki sasa ok, saaw Lakini na kwa, ni kwa na mi ya kaka 20 Sisi kwa tu li liambua troka nda na Ukua kuna chakara Uki troka ruteja Uki troka ruteja Ukua kuna chakara Kwa ratua kuchefila ni kwa?  No Like I am so entertained right now Apana kwae? Unata kufutisha, unata kufutisha wukas Nimo ni ya mese ma si?  Nia ni ya nga Ha, nia ma ni dwa na iba Wai wu dwa Nia, nga Nia, nga Sinipasta nga Bazi mi chese hiya Basta nga Iiopasta nga nga reyde anani Ue, ni ni ni ni ni na Iiopasta nga inenda anani Ya, pastanga nga Nia, nia wasirika Umutwawari sema sasa sa ii ni 100 Sana, shinwonganga na sema Anatwache Hawa ni 100 watakucha iwi ki 100 watakucha iwi ki Sini surface wo me kawa Oa kona surface sita Aka sa ii na chu wali wangana surface Sati Sa iiwa kila awa ni surface Kama uko na 600 Kwa sayo Kwa sayo Kama uko na 600 membas Ioni 6 Ioni 6 surfaces Ya 6 surfaces So ni 12 hours And another 6 to 6 Yata mika puwa past Natuwa sisi Commitians tu me kawuka Kama ma past It's tough for everyone Pa sisi wange tuwa mi At least Commitians muku na surface Ya People per performance Tu metumbu 15 Pa sisi wange puwa Pa sisi wange tuwa That's a point Okay guys at home what you were saying Come on just here Ioni mika ma service Ya pastanganga imekubali wawa tu One hour Nanganga munya ayu kwa surface Saba puwa mi piti cha 53 So tu kona asha So nani yata upiri Asha diya Asha wange puwa hi pa iten So Commitians tu wa tu pa tia PSC 100 people for one hour For one hour So at least tu tunasas muku ka iten Let me tell you guys Get out of my studio Get out of my studio You're making so much sense We have money I might lose my job here Because kukubali anana nani Because I think that really makes sense And the moment I say yes Nakubali anana nani Government come for my head No You know what Kaini Commitians cc na ma artist Ma DJ is to kaitu home Pa tia ma pastas wange kani 100 people with one hour So that's okay I care it You can care it You can cut me You don't say ma You can't care it You can get it 100 people Oh No, it's just about to resign from my show What do you mean? I think it's easy to kupia kwa By the way, Tuduku wa nakuchok fanyan niya Sijiwe Sininda fitu duku wa tube kujiya Andza inda fupas Andza e Andza za Aya Guys at home that's our interview Ended right here Right here And what? Tu mamaliza Sininda taku perna namba empesa We don't do that here Ya na Uki tutafutu ayan Uki tutafutu ayan Okay fine Zero seven Aya empesa Sinia Asi wa Wachaseme alafum fanyapu Tudu Awatu wataski ya Awatu wataski Wambi uya kukuju Zero seven Tudu Zero seven 22 8 0 3 6 o 6 So yo namban nyaku tuma empesa Guys you'd like to support the artist Tumisha e mchuka Do you know want to do zero seven Tup tup 22 8 0 3 6 0 6 6 0 6 So to me niiha empesa jare Ya guys are going through a hard time Maze It's not bad ones in a life to tip Tip the artist That's what we've been saying Nyim na fanyama life To go live Faye Youtube Uli panra isi nikan Tuna city too Remember that is the best place to support them S.Y. S.Y. Fani Mchungaji. YouTube Okay Instagram Mchungaji 3 Facebook Mchungaji yasanda esu Twitter Mchungaji Chch Alafu ngekaka tu kwa mia Maybe you what as a magic tumoji When we went to Ghana and Chai and Nigeria Chai You know, Nigeria na Ghana Watwa na supportiya na sana? That's true Ngependa Tuchukwe hiyo mufano yana Nigeria na Ghana Aama tuwa chi hiyo Tuchukwe hiyo Yetu Let us support our own Ngekama tu kwa pa hifi Fili umesema mimi na ito Mchungaji Facebook Pierre Makena DJ Double Junior Nha pukamutanda ho That's true You might not have maybe 100 Or that's 10,000 Supporta Just watch the contents Uruza, uruza, kapisa Sino Memorisa Now there you go guys You can hear it from our very own artist To make your day every now and then Who you know They just make you laugh Make up yangwe mera And just laughing You know what you guys have So, kama uko nyumani If you're doing your thing If you're a corporate There is a way you can always support these artists There's a way you can support me There's a way you can support Double Junior And there's a way you can support the comedians Please support them Let's keep smiling I have one last question before I'll let you guys go What is this And what is the reason Why you brought this in my studio? I have a new seat And I have a paper which Hhihihihihi What is this Is a plastic So it's nothing And what is this This could be a new extension I'm Isangio What? I'm Isangio Now, Isangio is doing his job We don't care where is Isangio We don't care if she has a fever She works here Tiki is doing her job Isangio is doing her job So what is this People have to keep doing their jobs So she doesn't know what it is Tutu suotu tuke patran nae Well I don't know that reading You're reading now nge about Uji No, nene nisa asa ma kia ena Guys I'm sorry you've really seen how this has gone I know some of you are just crazy and laughing at home But remember you can always watch these guys Right here on Y25 for every Friday Right after my show Ndakwa na kumusha baya sana And Misho yangu kisha Thank you Kakiti apo nwa watch Because I think you guys are my favorite comedians And we can support each other just the way we can And remember guys just like the chungaji has said Let's support one another That is the reason why we're here Uki pata doctor you come support You know Uki pata artistu kuwa support Let's grow each other Tu si kuwa jealous of each other nene Successes ya Yup Sindio Laki na piya hao enyo anata kwa supportiwa Wachua fanya fitu ambasu sinesa supportiwa Supportiwa Nga engelia maybe DJ una pato anasa ma DJ ya chisi njimosa Kenya Fanya musiki musur Kwa nene DJ anasa njimosa Tanzania That is true Kama nima benzia na imba direct Ya Siliwa nja kusema Nyama o sijwi nene Wuchua funuwa fitu Pupede ke direct Sao Kama nene Kama nene Haa taruti Haki dijuku na yo wimbo Haati Haa taruti Haa takure desa waati Ona Eka yo Ate yo nga mani anani?  Arizabagala Eh? Arizabagala Kwa ni murutuwa sa buti kumana Haa haa haa Na suwa gili fi mona siwa get Kili fi? 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Yes, I want to talk to you about kind of a first world problem. When you make your blockchain too good. And there you see that there are some, some problems that arise when your blockchain is too efficient and how to make an appropriate gas model for them so this is kind of my alternate title here so like my blockchain is too efficient and it makes my miners sad or so how can I make them happy again. But so I'll first I want to talk a bit about the principles of gas versus. I talk about the gas model so so what is gas so so gas is just like a unit of computational effort in the blockchain so every every transaction on the blockchain consumes a certain amount of gas which means like how much effort does it take the nodes of the network to confirm that transaction right and the idea said that so gas is scarce and precious resource right there's only a finite amount of gas that can be processed by by everyone in the network. So there is an optimal block size in terms of amount of gas that should be used per block, which is like the amount that can be consistently processed by the whole network. Consistently. That's kind of an engineering constraint that this is how much we can process so this is the final sub finite supply there is some gas. So we should sell this gas like this space on the blockchain appropriately to the most valuable transactions only right so kind of to get on the blockchain you have to pay proportionally to the amount of gas you're consuming. So the blockchain and this gas should be sold that's what is called a market clearing price, which is basically the price that only the most valuable transactions can pay right and So what I what I want you to think about what we'll be considering this talk is like what if we are engineering got so good that now we have an infinite capacity blockchain where we can fit everything we want on it, because like our engineers are awesome or something so now we have a blockchain where we can fit anything. Right. But so so kind of to think about how would gas would work in this scenario. And so, first, for going there so I want to talk about this so okay so so we say okay gas should be sold at this market clearing price this is what users of the blockchain to pay for gas. But then there's a question of how do we reach this price okay so how do, how do users find out what's the appropriate price that they should pay for gas so there's kind of two main ways to do this there's the original like Bitcoin model which is like the first price auction, which basically means that every, every gas user just makes a guess about what they think the market clearing price is, and the highest guesses get to be on chain. So, this kind of tends to be very volatile and inaccurate involves a lot of guesswork so it's like I think this is the amount of demand right now so let me make the speed. It's very subjective and so the problem there is like, right so there's a lot of volatility involved in the, you know, this guesswork so. So what Falcon uses and actually was proposed for the first for Ethereum blockchain, and this kind of Ethereum proposal EIP 1559 is the as this 1559 approach with where the idea is that how gas fees work is that you know what you pay for gas is a base fee, plus a minor tip where the idea is so this base fee is something that that is a fixed amount, I mean that that everyone can see what the amount is so they know what to pay for it. And this base fee is evolved algorithmically based on the demand on the network so kind of it eliminates this guesswork, right. So you can see what is a base fee and you pay it and then on top of that you can pay a minor tip that so the idea is that this base fee will be just burned. It will not go to the minor as in the Bitcoin model where all the payment goes to the minor. And only this, this tip amount is what what the minor rule will earn. And then so there's an algorithm involved here to kind of decide what the base fee is but the point is it's not up to guess work anymore to try to figure out what it is like. It comes from the amount and you have this value you can look at. And there's a portion that is burned on a portion that goes to my. So, then, so there's two mechanisms I discussed so there's the first price option mechanism of Bitcoin and the EIP 1559 mechanism of Ethereum and Falcone. So they are not what determined what the price of gas should be right so it's not like introducing this sort of mechanism will lower gas fees it will just make it personally less volatile and easier to use and so on but price. The price of gas strictly comes just from supply of demand and demand but there's there's a what I have here so you have your block size, which I called here be. The size of the mean pool. So there's a number of messages out there that want to get in on the chain, but only an amount be of them can get in. So, if you have a change in like the fraction of the messages that can get in then this micro price will change so it's basically like how many messages of the ones that want to get in can actually fit in the blockchain. And that is what sets the kind of this market price. So, so I want to talk also a bit about like, so when do these transactions get on the chain, right so so like user wants to make a transaction it will get on the chain when both the minor and the users are happy about it. So, so, but for that reason the way to think about it is this kind of like what is the utility to the minor of including your, your transaction on the chain and kind of what is the utility of the for the user of having that their transaction get in the chain. So this, there's a nice more thorough analysis in this paper by Timber of Gardens so this is kind of a very simplified version of it. So this is kind of what this utility looks like in this kind of Bitcoin first price option model where basically, okay so this is the utility of the minor which is minting the blog like how much will they will they gain from putting all these transactions in the block. So there's a contribution from so you're summing over all the transactions see that go on the blog. And so these are the transactions that form part of the blog that is being minted. And the transactions that get on the blog are a subset actually of the larger mean pool of transactions that are there that want to get on the blog. And every transaction there spends an amount of gas. G for that transaction is the amount of gas that transaction consume. And this is the amount. This is the payment, what the user paid to get that the transaction in there. And in the, in the Bitcoin kind of case, this payment just goes to the miners it is like a positive contribution here so is the price they paid for the unit of gas. And this, this negative term here is just the operational operating costs to the minor of including your transaction or so. And the miners need to spend a certain amount of effort to just include the transactions that they would rather just submit an empty blog because it's easier. So it cost them an amount of effort mu right. So as long as they pay a larger amount than this minimal effort that the miners make in then the miner is happy. Because they get a positive result. So they just need to overcome the operating costs of the of the minor. And for the user is just so so they want to send this transaction and the user has this kind of value that they attached to this transaction. So this is like how much it means to the you how much does the user value that this transaction gets through and as long as the value that they place on having the transaction and chain is greater than what they had to pay for it. Then they will pay for it. And so this idea so if these utilities are both positive then transactions happen and everyone's happy. Yeah. Now. So this is what this utility functions look like for the IP 1559 and this is the things start getting a bit more weird and complicated. So, the difference here is only for the minor that. So you have what the client pays what the user pays and what what the operating costs for the minor are, but now there's also this base fee that will not go to the minor body will just get burned. Right. So this are here represents the base fee. So, so, so the idea is here that so the optimal client for what a what a, the optimal strategy for a user that wants to get into the chain is they should pay an amount for their gas that kind of barely covers this too. So as long as they pay for the bear fee, the base fee, and they just barely pay for the operating costs and that's that's good enough to get in there. But the idea is that this base fee kind of eats away. Most of potential what would have been profits to the minor so that is that this utility, it always stays kind of near zero, while the user utility doesn't really change under the IP 1559. Yeah, so this is kind of a kind of a weird point here. Okay, so, so minors derive zero utility from including all your messages on the chain, why would they bother. Why don't they just submit bunch of empty blocks. Why would they bother submitting any messages at all. So one question is like the CFP 1559 just take away all the happiness from the minors and and so, so, so, yeah, the details. So there's, so the point is there should be actually like an extra term here. So this is not the end of the story. And what is missing in this utility for the minor is that it's basically this principle that, okay, so, so fees are getting burned. And fee burning is supposed to make everyone every token holder of the network happy if someone else burns some fees right so that makes your own tokens more valuable so so fee burning should make everyone happy and minors are a subset of everyone so therefore fee burning should also make minors happy in some amount. And this is the kind of the term that we need to add here to describe that. So, so this part is all part basically stays around zero this doesn't contribute much. But there's another utility so they want to include messages on the chain because that will get gas burnt and that will increase the value of the tokens that they have so here we have so this is kind of the wealth the amount of tokens that the the miner is holding. And this is the block reward that they are earning and having users burn their fees will increase the value of their wealth and their income of block reward so basically so so here we have the difference between like what their wealth would be worth if nothing was burned versus what is worth now that this amount of fees were burned. So this is kind of the this is the circulating supply, like how many tokens there are on the network and there used to be as amount of tokens in the network and now there's this amount less. So like reducing this amount increases the value of what I have. So, so there is still a benefit to minors from where it is talking so the idea is that they still want to include your transactions on the chain because it makes them happy and it also makes everyone happy but they are subset of everyone so they should be happy. So the point here is in either mechanism like, so you have first price options or you have EIP 1559 and these are the different utility functions. What miners want to do all the time is like they just want to maximize their happiness right they want to maximize their utility so these two functions they want to maximize it. And both of these are maximized by having a more payment right so like higher so so if more amount gets paid so they are both maximized by maximizing the same thing so like, like, how much was paid. So like, how much gas was consumed and times what price that gas was sold for right so it's kind of like the total network revenue for that block so so in both cases minus one to maximize for the same thing. Now, in, in our current state, my son minus one to maximize for this thing but it's not up to them, they don't get to maximize for this thing because so this is outside of their control. So this is what what gets run like they can decide that. But enter. So here's where we start getting interesting issues so let's say like we have awesome engineers that solve the problem of scalability on the blockchain now like the blockchain is so efficient that we can include all the transactions in there that we want so all of them in pool of messages they can be included in every block all the time there's no engineering issues about that. So the problem with that is, okay so if all the, as I said, if all the transactions that want to get in can get in without any competition that will basically like drive the base fee to zero absolutely there. And then like the client just needs to barely cover the operating costs and nothing on top of that. So in it, blockchain in both case reduce the utility to the miners to zero so they're like, why would I bother doing it so there's nothing in first okay so now I can include all the messages out there but they gain nothing by doing that. Right, when they were doing so, if you take their finite blockchain right now where they're gaining some utility and you give them an awesome engineering vice blockchain where they can include anything. That's fine, because I go my profit went away. So, so the idea is that infinite blockchain that is perfectly efficient takes away all the happiness from miners. This is kind of the paradox. This is in a first price option world is kind of wouldn't be a real issue in the sense that. Okay, so, so the miners in a Bitcoin world would just not really include all the transactions they would just include a subset of the transactions that they will decide so they will set an effective block size so so they'll say I'll allow in only this amount of gas. And the amount of gas that they will allow in will be the one that maximizes the profit. So like the price of. This artificially introduces some competition to pay to get into the blockchain so this will give some non zero price for the gas right. And so they will so this is kind of the amount of profit that they will make and they will choose the, the effective block size that will maximize the profit so even if they have the capacity to to put the messages, if, if the miners are allowed to they will not include all of them, they will include the amount that will maximize the profit. Now, there's an issue with this with in and I ep 1559 world which is that the block size is not up to the miners so this is part of this base fee updating formula so so this. The worst is that this is your base fee at the previous blog, and there's this formula that will tell you whether the base fee will decrease or or increase. And this is based on a target block size. So it's like, did more was more gas burned at the target then make the fee more expensive and it's less was burned at the target. So it will make it less expensive but this is built into ep 1559. And right now this is set as this like the maximum we can, but we can really efficiently process consistently. So if we make that blockchain infinite, we need a way to not put infinity here because that will just drive base fee to zero so kind of this could be fixed in a more convoluted way and making this kind of two step ep 1559 were the the idea of block size is the target block size is updated also in a way that maximizes the utility to the miners. So something like this would be the idea so what you would need something that fixes an optimal block size if you can include everything. Yeah, so this would be the case. So this is how you would do it if you're running, if you have like infinite blockchain Ethereum okay maximized the burn. But Falcon has kind of unique problems in which the things that proving storage which is what the miners need to do is actually very, very gas costly so. There's a plot here of the gas usage in Falcon by different kind of of uses of gas, and all of these first uses here until others these are all storage provider related. This is the gas that they spend proving their storage it takes a lot of gas and the rest of the users are just this others which you can barely make out here so most of the gas is being consumed by the storage providers, which brings us like more complicated. Okay, so if other people were paying for this gas and they want the gas to be expensive but now they are paying for their own gas so it makes things more complicated. Excellent. Just a quick time time check we've got about two minutes left. Yeah. Yeah. So this kind of a problem here kind of means that the first price option wouldn't be a good option for Falcon that's kind of a reason why it doesn't work there because it will just means like lead to option agreement where the storage providers sort of lower the gas fees for while leaving expensive gas fees for the rest of the users. So this is kind of why like 1559 is kind of more fair for Falcon that keeps the same gas fees for everyone. But in this case, so we need to yet again modify what is the utility function to this Falcon storage providers were what we added here now is like this negative term which is the rate at which they need to burn gas to prove their own storage right so so they're gaining utility by other people burning gas but they're losing utility by themselves having to burn gas. And kind of so now minus one to maximize their utility and it's kind of a different utility for every minor they have their own wealth and their own current rate and their own revenue. Yeah, so so it's a harder question. So how do I, what, so how do I choose the target block size that makes most people happy so then there's different options you can look so this is an open question where I want to kind of leave it near here Okay, so maybe we want to optimize the utility for the median storage provider that has a median amount of wealth and we don't want to burn and so on. So kind of they want more gas to be burned but they want the base fee to be cheap so they don't have to spend that much so it's like a more complicated type of balance and the last thing is that the situation should improve for minors once at PM comes online in the in the sense that at PM will bring about like a lot more other kinds of gas usage that will mean that other users will be spending more gas not only the source providers, which means that, yeah, will make it easier for guidance for for the source providers to increase their utility because they will not be the larger there are just consumers of gas anymore. Yeah, this is some details on like how Falcon actually wants to achieve this kind of infinite blockchain with heretical consensus but you can skip those details for now. So yeah, thanks a lot.