A very good evening aspirants. We are happy to share that the second test batch of pre-storming 2021 program of Shankara IS Academy has started from 11 December 2020. Pre-storming 2021 program is the prelims test series conducted by Shankara IS Academy for the upcoming UPSI preliminary examination 2021. Our pre-storming program is India's first full-fledged artificial intelligence supported preliminary test series and the admissions for the same is going on now. All the required details regarding the admission process and about the pre-storming 2021 program is provided in the link that is given in the description of the video and also in the comment section. With this, let us move on to the Hindi news analysis. These are the list of news articles to sum up today's analysis. It has been provided along with the page numbers of different editions of Hindi newspaper. Let's start our discussion with this first article. This discussion is based on this news article which talks about the use of nanoparticles for drug delivery in human body. See, scientists are working on nanomycells or nanomycells for efficient and effective drug delivery of medicines, mainly targeting the cancer cells. As you know, the ideal goal for cancer therapies is destroying the cancer cells without harming healthy cells of the body. But the current chemotherapeutics, that is the chemical entities that is used to treat or cure cancers which is approved for the treatment, they are highly toxic. That is the chemotherapeutics are highly toxic. So, there is an urgent and unmet need to develop the effective drug delivery vehicles for chemotherapeutics without these side effects. And this is where the role of nanoparticles comes into play. So, in today's discussion, let us see how these nanoparticles, especially nanomycells, are being used in medicine. So, in today's discussion, let us see what are these nanomycells are and how they are being used in medicine. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. First, let us see what are these nanoparticles and how they are being used in medicine. See, nanoparticles are materials with overall dimension in the nanoscale. That is, they are under 100 nanometers. And in recent years, these materials have emerged as important players in modern medicine. They have many clinical applications ranging from diagnostic tools to carriers for drug delivery and gene delivery into tumors also. There are also some instances where nanoparticles enable analysis and therapies that simply cannot be performed with conventional methods. But even nanoparticles come with their own challenges, like they have unique environmental and societal challenges particularly regarding the toxicity. So, in recent years, there has been a great research in this direction and many nanoparticles have been manufactured for drug delivery. These nanoparticles include nanoshells, nanovecicles and today's news article talks about the nanomycells. In this pic, you can see how nanoshells help in killing cancer cells. These nanoshells encase or surround the cancer cells without harming the healthy cells. Now, since they encase or surround the cancer cells, that is why they may have been named as nanoshells. Now, then next comes the nanovecicles. These nanovecicles are tiny sacks that are released by cells and these nanovecicles carry chemical messages between cells. So, these nanovecicles are natural delivery vehicles and they can be used in drug delivery for cancer treatment also. And currently, natural nanovecicles can be harvested from cells. But however, there are two problems in using nanovecicles for cancer treatment. First problem is that there isn't enough nanovecicles that can be produced in short time scales. And second problem is they do not have targeting effect. So, to overcome these problems, scientists are now working on nanomycells. These nanomycells are extremely small structures and they have been noted as an emerging platform in targeted therapy. These nanomycells are globe-like structures with hydrophilic outer shell and a hydrophobic interior. See, when we say hydrophilic outer shell, it means the outer shell can be dissolved in water and when we say it has hydrophobic interior, it means the inner shell is repellent to water. This means the inner shell does not react or dissolve in water like fats, oils, etc. Now, this dual property of nanomycells makes them a perfect carrier for delivering drug molecules because the outer part can be dissolved in body fluids without affecting the drugs inside which are in a hydrophobic layer that cannot be dissolved in the body fluids. Now, these nanomycells are less than 100 nanometer in size and they are stable at room temperature. Now, once these nanomycells are injected intravenously, they can easily escape the circulation and they can enter the solid tumors where the blood vessels are found to be leaky. Now, here you should note that these leaky blood vessels are absent in the healthy organs, that is the organs which are not affected by cancer. So, once the nanomycell enters the cancer cells, the enzymes will activate the drug and it will kill the cancer cells and this is how nanoparticles especially nanomycells can be used in cancer therapy without affecting the healthy organs. Now, like we saw before, the nanoparticles have their own challenges also like they have the challenges of ethical, social and regulatory aspects of nanomedicine to minimize its adverse impacts on environment and public health and to avoid public backlash. And at present, the most significant ethical issue relating to nanomedicine involves the risk assessment, risk management and risk communication in clinical trials. And also, in the future, nanomedicine is likely to raise questions of physical enhancement, social justice and access to healthcare. So, if these challenges are overcome, then using of nanoparticles in medicine for drug delivery will be a breakthrough in medicine. So, these are some of the points that you should know with respect to this news article. Now, let's move on to the next discussion. This news article talks about the data released by the government for the JALJEEVAN mission. The news article also talks about the achievements under this mission. So, in today's discussion, we will see what this mission is and we will also see the achievements of the government. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. So, first, let us understand about this mission. It was launched in 2019. The main objective of JALJEEVAN mission is to provide piped water supply to all rural households by the year 2024. That is, the government wants to establish her Ghar JAL. Here, her means every, Ghar means household and JAL means water. So, government wants to provide water to every household, especially piped water supply. So, in this regard, the mission aims to provide portable water of 55 litre per capita per day to every rural household through functional household tap connection. Now, to establish this tap connection, funds are required and these funds are shared between the center and the states. Now, for the Himalayan and Northeastern states, the fund is shared in the ratio 90 to 10. That is 90 will be provided by the center and 10 by the states and the ratio is 50 to 50 for other states and for the union territories, the center will provide 100 percentage funds. Now, let us see some main features of this mission. Now, based on its objective, the mission aims to create local infrastructure for rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge and management of household wastewater for reuse in agriculture. And thus, this mission is said to be based on various water conservation efforts like point recharge of groundwater, desilting of minor irrigation tanks, then use of grey water for agriculture and source sustainability. See here, you should know that grey water is commonly defined as the wastewater generated from bathroom, laundry and kitchen. So, grey water is the component of domestic wastewater which has not originated from the toilet or urinal because the water from toilet and urinal is called as black water and this grey water can be treated and it can be used for toilet cleaning, irrigation, floor washing and even for construction. And in this way only, this mission aims to use this grey water for agriculture and for source sustainability. Now, this mission will converge with other center and state government schemes to achieve its objectives of sustainable water supply management across the country. Another important aspect of this mission is that it includes intensive forestation and also renovation of traditional water bodies. This renovation is expected to provide water supply to the tap connections established in the households. See, this mission is one of the important missions of our country because as you know, India has 16% of world population and we face a crisis of depleting groundwater resources and there is also over exploitation of water resources and this has also led to deterioration of water quality. So, portable water has become a huge problem in rural India and thus the government has given major thrust to this gel given mission and the government is using the same method which it used for implementing the Swachh Bharat scheme and this shows the seriousness of the government with regard to the scheme because as you know, under the Swachh Bharat scheme, the government built 11 crore toilets and now it is trying to do the same with this gel given mission where it is constructing pipes and we are saying this based on the data released by the government. The data says that the scheme has reached 32.3 percentage coverage of tap water connections in rural India. See, as per the released data, as of August 15 2019, there were only 3.24 crore households with tap water connections but as of now, 32.3 percentage households that is 6.16 crore households have access to tap water and this shows that close to 1 lakh water connections were given daily in rural India. This is one of the major achievements of this scheme but there are also some problems with this scheme. The main issue is that out of the total 731 districts in our country, more than 250 districts and more than 1500 blocks are water stressed or they are drought prone. That means just establishing tap connections is not enough, water supply should be ensured. So, renovation of traditional water bodies is also an essential component of this mission. So, government should focus on that also along with establishing tap connections. And the second major problem is the fund crunch but as of now, this is being addressed by the government because to ensure the implementation of the scheme without any lack of funds for the financial year 2020 to 2021, a sum of rupees 23,500 crores have been allotted for the implementation of the scheme itself. Additionally, for the financial year 2020 to 2021, 50 percentage of 15th finance commission grants were given to rural local bodies that is around 30,300 crores were given to rural local bodies as tight grant by the 15th finance commission. See, when we say tight grant, it means it is a grant made with conditions attached and here the condition was that the tight grants are to be used for basic services of sanitation and maintenance of openification free status and also for supply of drinking water, rainwater harvesting and water recycling. So, such kind of funding has to be consistent if the government wants to achieve 100 percentage coverage of tap water connections in rural India. So, these are some of the points that you should know with respect to this news article. Now, let's move on to the next discussion. Now, this news article talks about the sudden missing of an algebra tour toys at the Madras Crocodile Bank in Tamil Nadu. This algebra tour toys is named as Master Shifu and it was brought to this Madras Crocodile Bank as part of zoo exchange program between Prague Zoo, Czech Republic and the Crocodile Bank and these tour toys were brought in exchange for seven gorillas of the Madras Crocodile Bank. Now, according to the news article, the reason for the theft of this algebra tour toys which is named as Master Shifu is because of its perceived medicinal uses and for illegal animal trade. So, in this context, let us see some facts about this algebra tour toys. So, it is also commonly known as algebra giant tour toys. Its scientific name is Geo Shalon Jajantia and it is found in Madagascar, Mauritius, Sechulis and Tanzania. This tour toys is one of the largest land tour toys and it can live up to 150 years and since it is one of the largest land tour toys, the male algebra tour toys weigh between 500 to 700 pounds that is from 230 to 320 kilograms and the females weigh around 150 kilograms. If you see about the physical features of this species, they have a dark gray to black shell which is in the shape of a dome. They have stout legs with particularly big scales as you can see here and they also have a club shaped feet with powerful claws and they also have long neck. Now, this species live both individually and also in herds and they are primarily active in early morning and in late evening and these species are primarily vegetarians but occasionally they supplement their diet with small invertebrates or decaying flesh and they obtain most of the water from the food sources. Now, initially we saw the distribution of the species but here you should note that back then they were found in most islands of the Indian Ocean but however between 17th and 19th centuries, these tour toys were frequently captured and they were stored on board the sailing ships to serve as fresh meat for the crew. So, because of this, the tortoises from most of the places became extinct except for those at the algebra et al in Seychelles. See, since this species was captured to serve as fresh meat by the year 1840, the only giant tortoises surviving in the wild were on this algebra et al only. This et al has effectively protected the population because it has an inhospitable terrain and it does not have fresh water. So, due to this, the human population did not settle there and this enables these giant tortoises to sleep safely with their heads and necks exposed because there is no fear of predators in this et al and this is one of the reasons why this algebra et al which is home to some 1,50,000 algebra giant tortoises has been declared as a natural world heritage site by UNESCO. So, just now we saw that one of the main threats is capturing it for fresh meat. Then other threats include trading in hatchlings or the young tortoises rather than the adult species. And one of the reasons for this trade could be the myth that this species has a medicinal use. Since this algebra et al is in a strategic position in the Indian Ocean and this is where these giant tortoises are mainly found, so they are at the risk from military development and they are at the risk of resource usage such as using of mangroves or fish resources by the humans and they are at the risk of natural catastrophes such as hurricanes and also they may be threatened due to tourism in the future. See at present this algebra et al is situated in a place which is not very easy to reach. So, if in future if the difficulties of water supply and transport is overcome economically, then it may pay way for tourism also and this will become a threat to this species. So, these species are threatened with all these issues but still these tortoises are saved by appeals for conservation from prominent scientists of the time including Charles Darwin and because of their already declined population, this species has been listed as vulnerable under the IUCN Red List. And since algebra et al is a world heritage site, captive breeding programs are active in conservation parks in Mauritius and Rodrigues and additionally international trade in this species is controlled by convention of international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora that is sites because this species has been listed under appendix 2 of sites. So, these are some of the important information that you should know with respect to algebra giant tortoises. Now, let us move on to the next discussion. Our next discussion is based on this news article which mentions that Isro Charmin has told that Isro was developing green propulsion technology for all of its propulsion stages under its human space flight missions. So, in this context, let us understand about this green propulsion technology. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. As you are aware, exploration of space is one of the most amazing endeavors that man has ever undertaken and a big part of that amazement is the complexity associated with it. See, this space exploration is complicated because there are so many interesting problems to solve and there are so many obstacles and the biggest problem of all is the harnessing of enough energy simply to get a spaceship off the ground and this is where rocket engines come into picture. When most people think about motors or engines, they think about rotation. For example, a gasoline engine in a car produces rotational energy to drive the wheels but know that these rocket engines are fundamentally different because rocket engines are reaction engines. The basic principle that drives a rocket engine is the famous Newtonian principle which is to every action that is an equivalent opposite reaction. So, a rocket engine throws mass in one direction and it benefits from the reaction that occurs in the opposite direction. So, based on this principle for the rocket to rush forward, something has to rush backwards and that thing is the propellant. The propellant is a material that spews out of the back of the spacecraft which gives it the thrust or a push forward and often this propellant is a kind of fuel which is burnt with an oxidizer to produce large volumes of very hot gas. These gases expand until they rush out of the back of the rocket making the thrust and as you know to propel a rocket into space huge quantity of rocket fuel is needed and although the exhaust velocity of burnt gases is high the gases themselves are very light. So, a lot of propellant is needed to overcome earth's gravity and to lift a small payload into the space and now there are different kinds of engines. There is solid fuel rocket engines. These were the first engines created by man. So, generally what is needed is something that burns very quickly but which does not explode. So, in a solid fuel rocket engine here a solid fuel and an oxidizing agent are packed in a cylindrical tube and when the fuel is lit it burns along the wall of the tube but interestingly if you see in a rocket that contains over million pounds of fuel this typical burn of the fuel lasts only about two minutes and then there is liquid propellant rocket engines. In most liquid propellant rocket engines a fuel and an oxidizer are pumped into a combustion chamber. In this an oxidizer could be gasoline or liquid oxygen. Now here the fuel burned to create a high pressure and high velocity steam of hot gases. These gases flow through a nozzle which accelerates them further and it then leaves the engine and this is why liquid propellants have a higher thrust but their use is more complicated. Here also note that the rocket engine design requires cryogenic cooling pumping mechanisms and steering arrangements and the most popular fuel used today is hydrazine. The hydrazine in its anhydrous form is colorless toxic irritant and sensitizer which damages the central nervous system and it produces symptoms as extreme as tumors and shears also. Additionally the monopropellant hydrazine is highly corrosive carcinogenic that is it causes cancer and it is not environment friendly. When we say monopropellant it means the rocket fuel is used without an additional oxidizing agent. So when the monopropellant hydrazine is used it is highly corrosive and it causes cancer and it is not environment friendly. So alternate green propellants are currently under studies. This includes ammonium dinitromide based monopropellants and hydroxyl ammonium nitride based monopropellants and some rockets even use liquid hydrogen as fuel and liquid oxygen as oxidizer in the main stage engines. This gives the byproduct water telling that it is clean. However the production of hydrogen itself can cause significant carbon emissions and here it is to be noted that both solid and liquid launching systems have to rely on the use of solid fuel as well. See to get the rocket off the ground solid fuel boosters are burnt alongside and the solid rocket boosters are very bad for our environment. It is because they emit nasty toxic compounds and they deplete the ozone layer and thus in order to reduce the air pollution during rocket launches much research has been done to develop space propellants that are environment friendly that is which are green and research is also been done to contribute towards non-toxic propellants. These propellants are generally easier and safer to handle than the conventional ones and they are expected to bring down the cost that is associated with propellant transport and storage and also in spacecraft development and on-ground operations. So in this regard let us talk about some of the potential technologies used by ISRO for green propulsion. See all spacefaring nations have been investigating green propulsion systems to minimize environmental impact while improving overall efficiency and economy. Now ISRO has made a beginning by developing an eco-friendly solid propellant based on glycidyl azide polymer as fuel and ammonium dinitromide as oxidizer at the laboratory level and this will eliminate the emission of chlorinated exhaust products from the rocket motors. In addition to this ISRO is also carrying out various technology demonstration projects involving green propellant combinations such as hydrogen peroxide, kerosene, liquid oxygen, liquid methane, ammonium dinitromide, methanol water etc. In this regard ISRO has already begun the move towards environment friendly and green propellants with the acceptance of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen with kerosene based propulsion systems for launch vehicles and the use of electric propulsion for spacecraft and you know that the liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen combination is already being used in cryogenic upper stages of GSLV and GSLV Mark III launch vehicles. Here also know that ISRO has successfully developed ISRO scene which is a rocket grade version of kerosene. This ISRO scene is an alternative to conventional hydrogen rocket fuel. So these are some of the points that is you know with respect to green propulsion technologies and green propellants. Now let's move on to the next discussion. Our next discussion is based on this FAQ column which talks about the new variant of covid-19 that was found in England. See a year after when the novel coronavirus was found in China the emergence of new strain of the covid virus that is caused by mutations is seeming to be 70 percentage more transmissible and this is not the first new strain mutations were also reported from different parts of the world including Denmark, Australia, England and South Africa. But the rapid domination of the new strain which has been named lineage B1.1.7 this has caused new fears in the world. So in this context let us understand what is mutation. A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence it can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division it can result due to exposure to ionizing radiation or exposure to chemicals or it can also result due to infection by viruses. See mutation is part of the life cycle of a virus once the virus latches or attaches onto a host it begins to replicate and it makes copies of itself. Now during the process of virus replication random errors arise where one or two protein molecules change and this could possibly have been induced by the immune response of infected people. Now these changes in the genomic structure of the virus can be considered mutations but here note that not all mutations are significant and only those mutations are significant that affect the virus's ability to survive or replicate. Now in the case of COVID mutations arise naturally in the SARS-CoV-2 genome as the virus replicates and circulates in the human population. Now as a result of this ongoing process many thousands of mutations have already arisen in the SARS-CoV-2 genome since the virus emerged in 2019 but most of the mutations observed in SARS-CoV-2 have no apparent effect on the virus and only a very small minority are likely to be important and they may change the virus in any appreciable way. For example if a new strain causes a change in the ability to infect people or if a new strain causes disease of different severity or if the new strain becomes insensitive to the effect of human immune response including becoming insensitive to the response generated by a vaccine then these kinds of new strains that were caused by mutation is dangerous. Now in this regard only with respect to COVID-19 World Health Organization's chief has cited a basic fact that viruses mutate over time and it is natural and it is to be expected. He has further noted that in the new strain that has been reported in UK the transmission was higher but there was no evidence that it causes more severe disease and it is also said that the existing PCR techniques for the COVID-19 will detect the new strain as well so until or unless a new strain causes any important change in the way it infects people or in the way it responds to a vaccine we need not worry about the new strains but how to protect ourselves from this new strain this FAQ mentions that also simply we have to just follow the original advice on COVID-19 hygiene we have to use a face mark we have to regularly wash hands and we have to maintain distance with others when we are in a public setting now these simple practical ways have been termed as the best ways to prevent the infection so let us follow these basic instructions and protect ourselves from this new strain. Now let's move on to the next discussion our next discussion is based on this news article which talks about the new species of wild sunrose this new species was recently discovered from the eastern guards and it was found in the Prakasham district of Andhra Pradesh so in this context let us have a brief understanding about the species and we'll also see about eastern guards first know that sunrose is known as portulaca this portulaca it is genus of the flowering plant family portulacaceae they are distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions it can be found abundant in South America Africa and Australia and they can also be found in lesser extent in temperate Europe and Asia also now this newly found species is unique according to the botanists because they have spotted interesting population of portulaca at the foothills of eastern guards with varying characteristics the new species is named as portulaca lalji it has been named as lalji to honour the contribution of lalji Singh who is an eminent botanist of the botanical survey of India associated with its Andaman and cobra centre now the species have varied characters like leaf morphology and flower which has not been reported so far in other species of portulaca and this could be described as novelty see this plant has unique features such as it has tuborous root it has no hair in its leaf axels and it has a reddish pink flower and it has prolate shaped fruits etc and these morphological features distinguish this species from other species of genus portulaca and it is said that this flower blooms for months from June to February now since apart from few localities there is no data regarding the population of this species in other states of India there is no established conservation status for the species and it is based as data deficient in the IUCN categories here just you have to remember that portulaca lalji is a flowering plant so you should be able to answer a prelims question if a simple question appears which asks portulaca lalji recently seen in news is what now talking about eastern guards just here remember that they are discontinuous range of mountains along the India's eastern coast it is spread across five states namely Odisha, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and eastern guards consists of dry deciduous moist deciduous and semi evergreen regions it is home to around 3000 flowering plant species it has 400 bird species and many animal species including tigers and elephants most importantly eastern guards and the western guards meet at the Neil Geary hills in the Tamil Nadu remember this also with this we come to the end of this discussion now let's move on to the next discussion now we have come to the last session the practice questions discussion session let us take this previous question which appeared in 2017 problems the question asks in India if a species of tortoise is declared protected under schedule one of the wildlife protection act of 1972 what does it imply optional it enjoys the same level of protection as the tiger option b if it no longer exists in the wild a few individuals are under captive protection and now it is impossible to prevent its extinction option c it is endemic to a particular region in India option d both b and c stated above are correct in this context now the correct answer is option a because tiger is also an animal which is included in schedule one of wpa see the hunting of any wild animal specified in schedule one to schedule four of the act is totally prohibited with some exceptions like the chief wildlife warden can permit hunting in certain cases or can issue permit for hunting for some special purposes like for education scientific research and scientific management etc especially the wild animals specified in schedule one and part two of schedule two has been given a higher status of protection and they have been classified as scheduled animals and the trade or commerce in such scheduled animals have been totally prohibited under the act so schedule one species enjoy a high level of protection under the act now this next question is based on gel g1 mission first statement is the coverage of the scheme has crossed 40 percentage of its target now the statement is incorrect because as per today's news article the coverage has just crossed 30 percentage and it is below 35 percentage which is 32.3 percentage now the second statement is telangana has achieved 100 percentage coverage under the scheme now this statement is also incorrect because goa is the state which has achieved 100 percentage coverage not telangana and here the question asks for the correct statements since both these statements are incorrect the correct answer to this question is option d neither one nor two now this next question asks which of the statements given below regarding nanoparticles is incorrect option a nanoparticles greatly reduce the power consumption while decreasing the weight and thickness of the electronic screens option b nanoparticles or materials are used in chemotherapy drug delivery option c the size of nanoparticles range from 1 to 1000 nanometers option d nano shells nano micelles are the applications of nanoparticles in medicines now here the incorrect statement about nanoparticles is option c because nanoparticles are under 100 nanometers they do not go up to 1000 nanometers and all the other three statements are correct about nanoparticles so the correct answer to this question is option c now this next question is based on hydrazine first statement is it is a colorless volatile alkali liquid with powerful reducing properties now this first statement is correct the second statement is it is used as an alternative clean fuel in rocket propulsion system now this statement is incorrect because during discussion also we saw that hydrazine is not environmental friendly and here the question asks for the correct statement so the correct answer is option a one only now this next question is based on eastern guards first statement is they are continuous range of mountains along eastern coast of india now this statement is incorrect because eastern guards are not continuous and compared to eastern guards western guards are more continuous second statement is they are spread across five indian states this statement is correct they are spread across odisha karnataka telangana andhra desh and tamiladu third statement is it meets western guards at the animali hills which spans the border of kerala and tamiladu now the statement is incorrect because eastern guards meets western guards at the nilgiri hills and here the question asks for the incorrect statements so the correct answer to this question is option b one and three only now this next question is a two statement question first statement is mutation is the change in dna sequence of an organism this statement is correct second statement in sarco v2 mutations do not occur as it is a retro virus now this statement is incorrect because we saw that in sarco v2 also mutations are occurring and here the question asks for the correct statements so the correct answer is option a one only now let's take two main questions this question is based on gs paper three the question asks you to discuss about green propulsion technology now this next question is based on gs paper two it is about gel g1 mission you can write the answer and post it in the comment section with this we come to the end of today's in the news analysis and practice questions discussion session if you like the video don't forget to like comment and share and do subscribe to shankar ias academy youtube channel for more updates related to civil service examination preparation


Going everyone, Caleb here with Layton Sports Guards. Next up tonight, Chris B. has two boxes here in the Almanac, boxes 8 and 24. The Personals Almanac here, volume number two, multi-sport edition. Good luck, man. Thank you so much, Chris B. Here we go. Kobe numbers, yup, yup. Yeah, I hear you, Riley. I'm with you there. So much sick, Kyler. From Panini One, patch, autograph, three of 15. Kyler Murray. That's awesome. That's gonna be a second year Kyler from 2020, Panini One. Three of 15 there, that's cool. Nice patch, autograph, man. Now there's Sick Kyler tonight. We'll take it. One more, we'll take it, we'll take it. Good luck here, Chris B. Empty. Yeah, there's been some nice Kylers, a couple of rookies, a couple of second year. Yup. Ooh, National Treasures. Gonna be to 99, horizontal, patch, autograph, five of 99. Devonte Smith. Not too bad. You go, of course, that's 2021, NC. You go, Chris B, and congrats, man. Two solid cards there for you. We appreciate it once again. Thanks for grabbing them up tonight, so we'll get them right out to you.


When your emotions say God's rejected me, the Holy Spirit firmly disagrees and says, You belong to me. When the shame of your past says, You don't belong to God, the Holy Spirit takes issue with them and firmly insists you belong to me. When others reject you, God says, I accept. When your circumstances make it seem as though you've been abandoned, the Holy Spirit whispers, I'm still there.


And by the way, we are giving the clips notes on who you should play and why our DFS expert JJ Zachary's in its year with us and his top three value running backs JJ. Who do you like here in week 11? Yeah, my number three value running back this week is someone who's stepping in for an injured Devonte Freeman. And that's Brian Hill. Last week, even with Devonte Freeman playing some snaps in that game before being injured, Brian Hill sells 64 and a half percent of Atlanta's running back rushes. He had a 6% target share pretty strong numbers and in this game and a higher scoring game. He gets a Carolina defense. It's allowed the third most fantasy points to opposing running backs. So I like Brian Hill. My number two value this week, Tevin Coleman. If you look at this San Francisco and Arizona game, San Francisco is a big favorite, which could favor Tevin Coleman seeing a little bit more volume than usual. And that's on top of Matt Breida being a little bit banged up since Tevin Coleman's return from injury in week five. He ranks 10th in the NFL and goal line rushes as well. So there's some touchdown upside for Tevin Coleman. I like him at his price point. But my number one value, I'm going to go back to Leonard Fournette. The main reason he's priced where he's priced is because he can't find the end zone. He's only scored once this year. But based on his yardage totals and yards do correlate strongly to touchdowns, based on that yardage total, he should have more than six more touchdowns than he currently has. So there's positive touchdown regression coming for Leonard Fournette. He's seeing a ton of volume. He has 90% of Jacksonville's running back rushes, a 17% target share. Just regardless of the matchup, he has a high floor week in and week out. But if he finds the end zone, he's going to way, way overperform that current price tag.


I myself Sachin Rathod working as assistant professor in mechanical engineering department from Wall Street Stop Technology, Solapur. Today we will discuss about the topic that is the selection of the belt part 7 from the course Machine Design 1. So, the learning outcome of this session is the learner will able to design the flat belt from the manufacturing catalog. So, we will just discuss how to select the proper belt for the particular applications by considering one case study. So, this is a statement by referring this statement we have to select the proper type of the belt which will run without failure. The statement is that it is required to select the flat belt drive for a compressor running at 720 rpm which is driven by 25 kW power having the speed of 1440 rpm motor. The space available for a central distance of 3 meter the belt is open type. So, through this problem statement you will get the given data, so this is a given data. So, in that step number 1 calculate the pitch diameter of the pulley that the we are having the two pulley one is a smaller pulley one is a larger pulley for the smaller pulley we are using the letters small d and for the larger pulley we are using the letter capital d. So, just consider the belt velocity is 18 meter per second and calculate the small d. So, we are knowing the formula for finding the velocity or for finding the diameter that the relation between the velocity and the speed is v is equal to pi d n1 by 60 rpm put that the value of the n1 you will get the diameter of the smaller pulley. So, we are getting the diameter of the smaller pulley is 238.73 mm. Next we have to select the pitch diameter small d of the smaller pulley for that purpose we have to refer the standard design data book. So, these are the diameter of the pulley from the standard data book. So, we have to select the diameter from this table. So, as we are getting the diameter of the smaller pulley is 238.73 mm we have to check out whether it is in this table or not. So, here we can select the diameter of the smaller pulley is 250 mm. So, from the standard data manufacturing data take d is equal to 250 mm. Now, we have to find out the value of capital D diameter of the larger pulley that the relation we are knowing n1 by n2 is equal to capital D by small d that the speed is inversely proportional to the diameter. So, we are getting this equation. So, from this equations we have to calculate the value of capital D. So, you will get the value of the capital D is 500 mm. So, it is in the table that is the 500. Now, in the step number 2 calculate the corrected velocity of the bed. So, we are having the formula v corrected is equal to pi d n1 by 60. So, just put the value that the small d is 250 mm and the n1 speed is 1440 rpm. You will get the corrected velocity as 18.85 m per second this is a corrected velocity. Now, the step number 3 calculate the load correction factor FA from the manufacturing data. So, the already in the question they had given us the value of the load correction factor FA that is the 1.3. If they had not given us the value of the FA you have to refer this table which is from the manufacturing data book and in that we have to check out. So, for which applications we are using the bell drive. So, in the question or in the problem statement they had given us we have to use for the running the compressor and for the compressor the correction factor is 1.3. So, we have to take the load correction factor is 1.3. So, in the step number 4 calculate the angle of contact for the smaller pulley. So, angle of contact for the or the wrap angle we are calculating by using this equation. So, just put the value of capital D small d and the center distance you will get the wrap angle for the smaller pulley. So, in the step number 5 calculate the arc of contact factor FD from the manufacturing data book. So, this is a table from the manufacturing data book you have to calculate the wrap angle alpha s. So, you have the alpha s value is 175.23 degree. So, from this tables you have to calculate the value of alpha s. So, here the alpha s is 170 and 180 the two data we are knowing and the value we have to find out that is a 175.23 the factor we have to find out that will which will lie in between 1.04 and 1. So, it is lying in between these two value. So, you have to use the interpolation formula and calculate that factor that by using the interpolation formula we are getting FD is equal to 1.019. Next in the step number 6 calculate the design power. So, as we are calculated the factors you will get the design power. So, design power is calculated for the flat bell drive is P D is equal to P into F A into F D. So, just put the value of load correction factor and the arc factor is 1.3 and 1.019 that we have calculated from the previous slide just put that value you will get the design power. So, here the design power is 33.12 kilo Watt. So, you can think about this just pause the video and think what is the difference between design power and you are the actual power. So, why the design power is more than that of the actual power. So, you can pause this video and you can think about this. So, in the next step step number 7 calculate the power rating of the belt.  So, you can calculate by using this equation the PR is equal to 0.0118 divided by 5.08 into v corrected. So, this is a formula we are getting for the high speed belt. So, if you put the corrected velocity that we had already find out that is 18.85 you will get the power rating of the belt is equal to 0.0476 kilo Watt. In the step number 8 calculate the width of the belt. So, the width of the belt is calculated by using this equation that the width of the belt W is equal to design power divided by rated power into the number of the ply. So, this is a belt suppose this is a open flat belt in which if you observe these are the number of the layers 1, 2, 3, 4 so this layer is called as a ply. So, there are the 4 ply is having the total width W. So, you have to find out the number of the ply required for the belt and the total width. So, by referring these tables you have to find out the width as well as the number of the ply for the belt. So, the PD value we are knowing the design power and the rated power we are knowing. So, just consider if you put the number of the ply as a 3 in this equation calculate the W. So, if you put the value of number of the ply is equal to 3 you will get the W value that is the width is 252.28 mm. Now, we have to check the first row for the 3 ply the width is ranging from 25 to 76. So, as we are getting the width of the ply or the width of the belt is 252.28 it is not ranging in the 3 ply. So, you cannot take the 3 ply. Now, put the number of the ply is equal to 4 in this equation calculate the W. So, the width we are getting 189.04 mm. So, we have to go for the second row for the 4 ply this value is not ranging that is up to 152 you can consider the width. So, 189 is not ranging in the second row. So, you cannot consider the 4 ply. Now, if you put the number of the ply is equal to 5 calculate the W. So, W value we are getting 151.23 mm. Now, I will check the third row. In the third row the value yes it is ranging up to 152 that is comes. So, we are getting the value of the W is 151.23 so, we can consider the value as a 152. So that we are having the value the width of the belt is 152 mm wide and we can use the number of the ply as 5. So, in the step number 8 we had calculated the number of the ply and the width of the belt. In the step number 9 calculate the length of the belt. So, already we are knowing the equation for the open belt drive just put the value of capital D small d and c in this equation you will get the length of the belt. So, by this way we are calculating the length of the belt. So, by the above steps the final design solutions will be obtained as so, first we had calculated the diameter of the smaller pulley at the small d is equal to 250 mm. The diameter of the larger pulley is 500 mm. The width of the belt is 152 mm. Number of the ply is required or the number of the layers are 5 and the length of the belt is 7183.31 mm. So, this will be the your last specification of the belt which is 7.5 meter length of 152 mm width and 5 ply high speed belting. So, this specification of the belt is required to identify the belt which we are going to mount over the pulley. So, we will get the working of that belt drive, open belt drive without the failure. So, I have taken a reference for this PPT from the design of machine element book which is written by VB Vandari.


offered by the European School Education Platform, the European Commission's Platform for School Education in Europe. My name is Nikki and I will be your host for today. Just some practical information before we officially start the webinar. Just so you know, it will be recorded and the recording may be used for dissemination purposes. Also, if you have any questions during the webinar, we will have 15 minutes dedicated specifically for questions, but feel free to type them in the chat and then we'll eventually get to them. So the focus for today's webinar is how to become an e-twinning school shared leadership in practice. It's my pleasure to invite on the virtual stage Donald O'Reilly, who is a senior leader at Kilorgland Community College in Ireland from 2007 to 2019. This webinar will focus on Donald's journey as an educator, how e-twinning and Erasmus Plus became embedded in the school culture and aims on how to provoke participants to reflect on their own contexts and school journey. So without further ado, I will pass on the floor to our speaker, Donald. Thank you very much, Nikki, and welcome and hello to everybody from Ireland and Senigo. Love and greetings across Europe. Okay, my slides aren't advancing, so let's see. Okay, so as I'm coming from Ireland, that's us in the small little red dot down in the southwest of Ireland in the beautiful wild Atlantic way surrounded by some beautiful mountains on a clear day. That is actually Ireland's tallest mountain, highest mountain, and I have the luxury of having a beautiful beach close by as well. So come visit and that is my piece for the promotion of tourism for Ireland. This is my school, which Nikki said correctly. I was there as a senior leader for a number of years and which I will return to again very, very soon. And we were lucky to receive the e-twinning school label for 2021. So what this is, this is an overview of me. I have been teaching for a shocking 27 years. I have had the luxury of working in seven secondary schools in Ireland as well as working with European School Net and as an e-twinning ambassador as well, which has afforded me the opportunity to see different schools in the Irish context and also to see your schools at European level as well. And I've appreciated having that opportunity because many teachers find that they maybe work in one school for their whole career or maybe only two. So I'm delighted to be able to take that, take the learning from that and share that learning with you today. So just to get your fingers warmed up and as people are still joining from the lobby, I'd like you to pop into the chat so I can look back afterwards and answer the following questions. Number one, what country are you joining us from today? So pop in the answer just the country you're coming from. And number two, if you were to decide as we come to the end of January on a Monday, a Monday afternoon, what animal would you choose to describe how you are feeling today? As I said, I'm joining from Ireland. Today, I feel like a lion. Today I feel like a lion that I can take on the world, but maybe by Friday I might not feel like such a lion. So I'd welcome your comments in the chat there for what country you're joining us from and what animal you would choose to describe how you are feeling today. And we'll move on. So my presentation today is based around the European, the E-Twinning School mission, but also in an effort to contextualize it for my school and my story. I hope that whether you're new to E-Twinning, an intermediate E-Twinner or an expert E-Twinner, that you will take something out of this and I'd welcome your connections afterwards. And I do hope that you learn something and take away after today. I would also invite you, and this is something that I have begun in the last 10 years. I have began to reflect on my practice and my interactions with people. Because I just find it frustrating when dealing with students and teachers and parents and other stakeholders, and I began reflecting on what I can change because I have no power to change other people, but I do have the power within myself to change myself and change practices in my own classroom or in my own environment.  So the first statement in the mission is E-Twinning Schools of a Commitment to Shared Leadership. Now this is a bold statement, a large statement, an ambitious statement, and I would ask myself, and I would or you'd ask yourself is how can we achieve this and who is responsible to that commitment of shared leadership. Delving deeper into the text, it states that the school principal and teacher leaders, and this is something that's very, very close to my heart, when I look back on my 27 years of teaching, I believe I was a school leader long before I became a formal school leader, and I think that gave me job satisfaction and it certainly contributed positively to my classroom environment, my school environment, and the school community. And how do we do this? How do we develop the shared leadership? How do we act as teacher leaders? What should we focus on? I would say that relationships and trust are key and they don't happen easily, they don't happen lightly, and we need to put some work in. I would also say that you must have a culture of accepting mistakes and learning from them. Obviously doing the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result is a sign of madness, but if you accept make mistakes and accept the mistakes and learn from them, then that is a good foundation to any school community. And of course, communication, communication, communication. If you ask any teachers in any school or any school community, communication is key. What does that look like in Kellogg and Community College? I found that leadership was a type of a dirty word. Teachers taught leadership equated to more work for them. So I began identifying leaders, identifying leadership, examples of leadership in practice and discussing what I've seen and explaining why I taught they were leaders and that empowered them and it got them reflecting and it got them thinking and that was the cultivation of leadership. Small conversations, simple conversations, encouraging people. When I saw the opportunity or created the opportunity to allow someone to display these leadership skills or traits, I did so in small steps and I think that's important as well. Small because if there's a mistake, it's not critical and we learned from that. And small because you don't want to overburden somebody as well. So in those steps, you're creating the space to lead and you're allowing the leaders of the school, the teacher leaders in the school to express themselves. I would be mindful of delegation. I would be mindful of creating that space because delegation sometimes is seen as handing out jobs. That's your job and you're asking me to do that. So when you do delegate, you hand it over 100% and you allow the person to make it their own. In Calardland, I often had the mantra that the first time I asked somebody to do a task that I would have normally done it, they would do it maybe not as good as I would have done it. The second time, they would do it as good as I would ever have done it. And the third time they would have done it, they would have done it much better and more efficiently and more effectively than I would ever have done it. So you have to wait and you have to allow people to grow and develop. Again, what I reflect back in my school, and I often made a mistake of going too fast and I had to check myself and I had to remember that if you want the old African proverb, if you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together. And that is something, the mistake that I made sometimes, particularly in my early years, having an idea and going out alone, going fast, but being too far ahead of everybody else than to be able to share that and bring together a team and the school community. Another statement is that the E-20s schools display a strong commitment to collaboration, sharing and teamwork. Now, this is something I'm passionate about because you can say collaboration and you can mean collaboration. And I think far too often I have heard the word collaboration being used, but when I look to see it, I don't see real collaboration. And we must accept that real collaboration can be messy. It's not clinical, it's not easy.  And once you accept that and you keep trying, you will be successful. Again, it's easy for me to collaborate with my colleague that I am friendly with outside of school. But it's much more of a challenge for me to collaborate with a person inside in school who has different interests to me. But I think that's where we need to push ourselves. We need to be professionals. We need to get outside that zone and collaborate with everybody. Sharing, it's important to share. And again, when I was going to school and when I was training as a teacher, the mindset was not to share. The mindset was you're working inside your classroom and you don't share what you're doing. You develop resources, you don't share them. Thankfully, that has changed. And it's in Clark and Community College. Sharing is part of our culture. And we would encourage you to share inside and outside of the classroom across your professional networks. And teamwork is important as well in achieving this aim for the E-20 mission. But again, this doesn't happen easy. And what I have always done, not always, what I've done more recently is I've asked, am I a good team player? What can I bring to the team? How can I make this team better? Because previously, I used to be looking at others and saying, pointing out their challenges rather than focusing on myself. So how can you take this back to your own context? In Clark and Community College, we would have had structured subject department meetings. So previously, we would have had, so just trying to build a team and bring a formality to it and bring some type of system of collaboration and sharing. So structured subject department meetings, keeping it simple. One page of minutes, a few notes, a few bullet points, based on actions. What's going to be done and who's going to do it? We also supported a rotating coordinator.  And what that does then is it doesn't allow one person just to take over. Everybody knows that their turn is going to come. They're invested in it. And they know that when their chance comes, they can make their own mark as well. The communities of practice were very much encouraged in our school. And that's where teachers that had shared interests came together outside of school time, but outside of those people that were in school as well. So you're sharing with other schools. Whenever teachers went on professional development or Erasmus or involved in e-twinning, we always encouraged show-and-tell sessions at staff meetings or mini-teach meets. We also promoted teachers to attend national and international teach meets where there was a desire and where it was appropriate. Team teaching was something we explored as well, and it took many, many years, but it allowed that professional dialogue to take place between teachers in subject areas. And again, back to creating a safe space for that to happen.  And again, accept that mistakes are going to be making by everybody. Open your classroom door. When I was a teacher, I was king of my own classroom and I did my own work. And in Cullardin Community College, I'm not sure why or how it happened, but I opened my classroom door. And what that allowed is it brought the classroom corridor and the corridor into the classroom. And what happened then was teachers passing or students passing they saw what was happening in the classroom. And then somebody would stop and then somebody would step over the threshold of the door. And then I would use that opportunity then to have a professional conversation about what I was doing, explaining what I was doing, how I was doing it, why I was doing it, and I would invite input from the students in the classroom as well. And all these little things are building your culture, building your relationships with students, building your relationships with other teachers and other members of the school community. The next statement focuses on students in each one of the schools are agents of change and that's the student voice to me. And I'd invite you to reflect where are you now on the journey of including student voice and where do you want to be? Where I want to be is referencing the Lundy model Professor Laura Lundy and Irish Professor where she advocates for student voice across the whole school community. That's not where we are now but that's where we strive to be. When we started in Calargo Community College we had a student council our very very first student council were hand-picked. So obviously the student council gave us feedback that we wanted to hear. Not really great for the student voice. After a number of years we decided to do random focus groups and that's where the richness really came from our students because these were randomly picked students with additional needs across the board, across the years of different ages and they spoke very very openly and honestly. Now when they spoke openly and honestly we had created that safe environment for them to do so and nobody was going to challenge them about what they were saying or who they were saying it about but we listened. We consulted, we listened we acted on it and then we went back to them for feedback as well and that's a cycle that continues in the school today. And because the student council is seen as a voice for students we're getting a blend of students on to that student council now and it's democratically voted upon. We must make sure that it's inclusive and not exclusive student voice like the example I gave you at the start where we were very exclusive at the beginning but now we strive to be inclusive and now we strive to have voice captured across the whole school all day. Involve the students in the decision making process make sure they're represented at the table so when we were developing our code of behaviour the students were involved when we were discussing learning environments the students were involved we asked them to take control of their learning spaces whether that's designing them, painting them filling them all driven by students and I have their right on windows you must think I'm crazy saying right on windows but as we developed the culture of using our spaces and getting students involved somebody had the brain wave of getting window markers the window markers you see the butcher write his messages and his advertisement on and where collaboration was happening we were able to use that extra space so students would gather around a window be able to write on it and it was inspirational but it was capturing their their voice and ensuring that they were the agents of change as well. I invite you to consider would you sit down and eat your lunch with students in your school and what would the effect of that be I attended a bit educational technology show in London many many years ago and I was inspired by a school principal who knocked down the staff canteen and invested in the student canteen but students and teachers all sat together so I experimented with that in my school and I discovered for the first few weeks when I sat in the school canteen with the students I was left alone nobody came to speak to me but over time and as it became a custom and a practice I ended up sharing the table and sharing stories with students during my lunchtime and again that is something that it's in the signal to the students that there's equality in the school that it's not and us and them and I built relationships and I found students able to approach you and I felt more approachable because of the buns that were built up at that time. E-twinning schools are models for other schools it's important to model what you believe in I'm a parent of three young boys aged 10 aged 11 10 and 6 and I can tell them what to do and what not to do all day, all week, all year but inevitably what they will do is what I model and I think the same goes for teachers and the same goes for schools so I would encourage E-twinning schools to model what they're doing to share their learning but more importantly share your mistakes and by sharing your mistakes you're reflecting on your mistakes and you're reflecting on your own learning as well and use your school's network your local international to make sure that you're spreading it across a wider network as possible and as you share of course you will be learning as well in return and just remember to be authentic and be yourself and you don't need to be perfect nobody expects you to be perfect so don't try to be perfect look at this part of the mission being models for other schools I reflect on when I share when I share what we do in school when I share at webinars like this and in the preparation for this and when you have to explain what you're doing and why you're doing it I think we develop a greater need a greater understanding of what we're doing because we're experiencing it we're teaching others as well we're explaining the why and that's one of the benefits when you are modeling and when you are sharing across your networks you're really drilling down into your own practice into your own learning into your own experience and you're taking away that as well as well as sharing with the others who are on a journey of their own each one in schools are inclusive and innovative learning organizations this is very important to get the balance right inclusivity is as important now as it ever was and being innovative is important and it can solve many many of our challenges and it can create opportunities but we need to get a plan and we need to get the balance right as I reflect on my time in Kellogg Community College I think sometimes I got a little bit overexcited by the innovation and maybe I forgot the inclusivity so it's important for me to remind myself that it's a balance and one can compliment the other but I would certainly say that inclusivity has to take priority universal design for learning for me even though I'm only on the beginning of the journey certainly is a game changer for me I always challenging in the classroom dealing with students of different abilities and I come from a background of the technologies where I always had students with varying abilities and very often I had students with additional needs because of the nature of my subject and I always always found it difficult and challenging when I was asked to differentiate because differentiation to me meant giving different people different work and young people are so smart the young person with additional needs knows that they're after getting a different sheet or different homework from the person next to me so with universal design for learning and I'd invite you to if you haven't looked into it already to explore it with universal design for learning it really addresses this issue at the design stage of your lessons and your schemes of work and hopefully it will lead to more inclusivity inside the classroom I think in Calardon we always experimented with our teaching methodologies but you could experiment experimentation without evaluation isn't very beneficial so again the change happened for me as a teacher when not only was I experimenting but I was asking why and how what changes were happening as a result of me changing my teaching methodologies and of course who did I ask the students the student voice because they are the end users and they know what they like best and it will surprise you what they like best learning spaces again we always we try to maximize our learning spaces in the school and if you look at your own school in your own context I wonder how many of the bigger spaces are only utilized in the morning at break time and at lunchtime and we began asking ourselves why are the biggest spaces in our school the least used so we expanded the classrooms not physically not the walls but we expanded our teaching and learning to fill those spaces when appropriate depending on what lesson you were doing depending on what topic and we looked at what we had we designed learning spaces into them and it has been hugely successful of course there's no solution is the silver bullet or a big bang approach and it needs to be you need to be cautious in your environment you need to take time and you need to make sure that the one size does not fit all what's working for me in my classroom may not work for everybody in everyone's classroom and the one feedback piece of feedback that we got from students is that students like varied learning and teaching methodologies varied learning spaces because as they go through the school they don't want the same thing over and over again so that brings me to the end of the first part of the webinar on how to become an e-twinning school you might ask me why and I would say why not in preparation for this I saw my national agency e-twinning Ireland post something on twitter advertising the closing date for e-twinning schools which the text the opportunity to have creativity teamwork and international awareness of your staff and students acknowledged so why wouldn't you do it plus I would ahead the unintended consequences all of the other things that happen in a school as you're journeying to be an e-twinning school many of the the biggest successes that we have enjoyed in our school the the learning experiences the successes of students haven't been planned they have been as a by-product of something that we were doing for e-twinning or for something curriculum based and they're the ones that I enjoy most the ones the successes that you hadn't planned for so for now in the interest of best practice and well-being I'd invite you to stand up and stretch rehydrate for two minutes but consider as I invited you earlier to be reflective when you reflect in your own situation is there any one action that you can begin tomorrow in your school or organization next week next month something that you can control and one action so I've used up one minute of that two minutes and I'm just going to stretch and grab a glass of water now and I'll be back in 60 seconds so for anybody that has just joined us we haven't stopped we're just doing a stretch break I'm going to resume in 30 seconds okay so I've finished the messages to consider and I'm going to revisit Cullard and Community College again towards the end of this presentation and I'd welcome some questions in 10 minutes as well if you have any I'm not going to bombard you with text even though English is my first language I tend to focus on bullet points and in this policy message it urges us to support a culture of collective engagement and responsibility within your school and overall what I would encourage you to do is and speaking from my own my own experience I spend many many years in my comfort zone and it's lovely in the comfort zone it's really nice you're doing your teaching you're not challenged but are you growing are you going professionally and are you growing personally and to get into the growth zone you must go through the fear zone first and then you're in the learning zone but then you must push you must be strong and know what your vision is to get into the growth zone so looking at the culture of collective engagement in your school and to be responsible you need to get out of that comfort zone and head towards the growth zone and what are the key messages that you are being asked or what you should consider supporting learning to a shared mission well-being for all and well-being for all means living well-being not just talking about well-being living it distributed leadership learning of opportunities encourage yourself and encourage others to take on leadership roles strong communication between schools parents and learners and if you take note of that last piece between schools, parents and learners you will notice that that is a team that is coming through these policy messages and if I was to state the major changes in our culture in Cullardin Community College would be it was the engagement of everybody the collective engagement having everybody at the table having everybody at the voice having a voice and I think then people feel included and that's your full inclusion or heading towards full inclusion mobilizing resources within the school and community for many many years I was frustrated and I frustrated myself about the system about the local authority about the government about departments of education and what could be done or what should be done and I was only angering myself because I had no control over it and in recent years I have I still get frustrated but I ask myself where does this lie in the zone and if it's out of my control I put it out of my head I acknowledge the problem and I put it out of my head if I have some control over it I ask myself how can I control this can I make recommendations can I make a plan but for the most of the time I spend my time focusing on what's in my control in the center of the circle what can I do now for myself what can I do now for my school what can I now do for my students to have immediate impact looking at new resources new partnerships working with the broader community how are the current resources have used effectively are we collaborating is it real collaboration and do we have partnerships with teachers and others and I'll give you one example of this about mobilizing the resources within the school and community in Cullardham Community College I was at a a European school in the future classroom and I spoke about this and the conversations were going towards what could be done and that being done and it all resulted in more money and more time and I wanted to get my students working around in a circle and we had rectangular tables so we had 12 rectangular tables two students sitting at each one 24 students maybe more so I went back to the school in one room we took out 12 and we cut egg shape shapes out of large sheets of timber we screwed them down on top of a table we put them back into the room so each table now had six spaces five for students and a spaced in for a teacher to sit down as well if they wanted to that cost the school maybe 100 euro had it an impact? Phenomenal within two years every teacher in every classroom had that same setup but different, slightly different some wanted colour tables some wanted different measurements on their tables some wanted whiteboard in the middle of the table so they could work so for 100 euro investment into each room over a two year period we totally changed the teaching and learning inside in the school so when you look at your own culture be creative and focus on what you can control as opposed to what's out of your control participation in networks cannot be measured enough but you must be aware of the networks you're in when you're in the staff room when you're having a cup of coffee or when you're at the water cooler getting some water you're having conversations that's a network try to have professional conversations whenever you can ask questions be willing to listen we're very lucky that we have the huge networks available to us now across Europe and internationally because of the World Wide Web because of the European Schoolnet and the European Commission and they're all very important but the network in your own school is probably one of the most important that you will have and again like I said before it's easy to talk to the person that you have support the same football team or that you have something in common with but how about speaking to the person that you don't know much about find out about them have a professional conversation with them and you'll be surprised at what you might find out because that person could be an expert they could have a certain area a focus that they are interested in that they might want to share with you encourage those people that you don't know on staff to participate in networks and again the community partners are mentioned here as well and the opportunities for collective learning as I was preparing for this presentation actually only 30 minutes ago an hour ago I decided to put this in because these are two phrases I don't know are they quotes I don't know where they came from but there are two phrases that I that I think of a lot and the second one actually is something that has been highlighted to me only recently with some part of my journey that I'm going through at the moment but there is no fail there is no mistake you achieve or you learn and that's for me I achieve or I learn and I also look at growing through my disappointments as much as through my successes and I feel that I grow much more personally and professionally through the disappointments and where I feel I have failed as through my successes and I would urge you to consider that and use that as a platform to stay positive about whatever happens in your journey or on your journey whether it's personal or professional so my journey spanned in Calard and Community College from 2007 right up to 2023 there were many changes along the way I became Deputy Principal in 2007 we had a lot of staff retirements in 2010 I became Acting Principal in 2019 I started working for my Government Department of Education Ministry in 2020 Covid arrived to us all 2022 came and who knows what the future holds I could speak about that whole journey for a week because there were so many interesting things happened along the way some which were e-twinning related and some maybe not and I've just listed some of the changes there from 2007 to 2023 for you to take a look at or take a screenshot and maybe they might prompt you or nudge you or inspire you to say oh yes I could focus on one of those because whatever work you do can't be it has to be contextualised for your school and your context and there are some more there that you might reflect upon and you might say that yes that suits me I like that approach and of course e-twinning and Erasmus Plus are very much interlinked and the benefits that we have experienced from being involved in both are immeasurable they're just huge we have friends for life made I have developed my professional networks and the unintended consequences of projects has been phenomenal so with that I think I'm just about on schedule thank you very much you're of Mahgur in Irish in our Irish native tongue and I would welcome any questions or comments thank you very much Niki thank you very much Donal for a nice overview on some of the workings of your school in relationship to e-twinning we do have a couple of questions first how can we influence the leaders to encourage them to become an e-twinning school there's a very good phrase is how to lead when I'm not in charge it's actually a book so the question is how to influence start by conversations conversations and I do understand that the formal school leaders the principals and deputies have many many things on their agenda some school leaders some principals have a fear I suspect that when a teacher comes and suggests something that they themselves think it's more work for me so if you use your terminology and say I'm really interested in this I think it'll benefit the school and the students if you can map it into your national strategy the European the ministry strategy the plan for the school and actually package it in such a way that the principal goes of course we must get involved in this and say and I'm willing to do the work with you and for you I think that's the most you can do I actually do have a question myself you said in the beginning that before just in general as a teacher when you were gathering resources or finding new ways of teaching that before it was more like every man for himself kind of that there wasn't this culture of sharing can you talk about maybe why you think that is you saw this the shift that you said took place that now it's like you know more open and trying to work together to get the best learning practices wow yeah I don't know again I don't think there's any one thing I think there's a realization I suppose with the age of the internet going so crazy and social media and Instagram it's very hard not to share something now it's very hard to actually copyright something now so if you had something and you didn't want it shared you'd struggle but as well as that I do think that people are realizing that team the value of team and as teaching has become harder teaching has become I think across your across the world teaching is not easy and it is more challenging and if you're trying to solve a challenge two heads is better than one and four heads is certainly better than one and I think you know all those phrases that we've coined there's no no point in reinventing the wheel and so on and so forth so to answer your question I think there's a realization there now that you can't go it alone or you shouldn't go alone that you should learn from other people's mistakes the other thing is I think people are admitting their mistakes now and they have the confidence to go yeah I did that and it failed can anyone tell me why I'm sorry I think people have the confidence to stand up and say I failed or I try this and they're looking for help so I think that's why I think it's also interesting that like a lot of the topics that are taught talked about now that are taught in classrooms are things you know problems that we're dealing with as a society together so it's also like a societal way of we should be tackling these issues together I do not see any more questions in the chat if you have any please type them I saw quite a few questions about whether the presentation will be shared yes and the recording will also be used for dissemination purposes so the recording will also be available after the fact maybe we can wait in case we have any more last minute questions but then if not then we can maybe wrap up a little earlier here also a evaluation form was shared in the chat if you could please fill that out so we could get your feedback on the webinar all around that would also be greatly appreciated okay there's a question in there actually yes I see what would you change if you were to start over your journey as an educator thank you for the meeting so I at the age of 18 I accidentally it was one of my options I'm not sure at 18 does anybody know they want to be a teacher I mean I decided it wasn't like it was a vocation um it was seen as a good job and I went into a four year concurrent degree education degree which was which was very very good and very very interesting um I taught I taught for seven years until I realized I wanted to be a teacher and I have really embraced and loved teaching ever since so if there was one thing I could do to to go back at my early days is I worry what type of teacher I was for those four seven years and what my students experienced and really did I give them the best I could so if I could I could I could be a teacher I could be a teacher I could so if I could change anything I would probably delay my entry into education maybe until 20 and maybe I might have been a little bit more mature when dealing with these young people because the the charge that we have the job that we have is is huge I was teaching young people at 21 years old so I was teaching an 18 year old when I was 21 so if I could change that and allow myself to be trained as a teacher and then kind of enter a type of apprenticeship role where I had a mentor and funny in the job that I'm at at the moment where I deal with newly appointed school leaders that's what we do when they're appointed as a principal they get a mentor to journey for the year and then they get coached and that opportunity is now in Ireland through a bridging program that you don't qualify at 21 and get left off into the wild you do have a mentor and your support along the way so yes that's the one thing that I would love my early years to have a little bit more support Okay, good question there are a little bit of a reflection into the past it looks like there are no more questions so I think maybe we can wrap this up thank you once again Donal for your time it was great to hear your story and I really hope the participants got a lot out of it like I said the reporting will be shared and I think that's about it thank you everyone and have a nice afternoon Thank you everyone and thank you Niki for having me and for your collaboration over the last number of weeks Thank you for taking the time


hey what's up guys welcome to training reviews so today i've got this wireless bluetooth speaker it's an awesome retro looking tv shaped white speaker box so i'm going to run through a quick spec overview of what this little thing can do and then i'm going to give you some audio samples as well to see how it looks now first of all it's a 3000 milliamp hour battery life which gives you about four to five six hours of charge time and up to 10 hours of playback time which i think is pretty cool now you have three buttons here on the top you have channel volume and power buttons which obviously correlate to a tv set but actually they do certain things so the channel button at the top cycles through all the different patterns that actually display on the screen volume is actually the volume and you can see an indicator on the screen as well when you put the volume up or down and the bottom is a settings button or a menu button so you can change the mode between connecting your bluetooth or looking at the battery life and that kind of stuff so the design is really awesome this one i've got in white if you look at the top you have four different cutouts for the speakers and at the back you have the high base spoon box there that actually vibrates if you put the volume really loud right at the back at bottom flap if you open that up this actually is the port control so you've got the power button to turn the actual device on from there you also have the auxiliary input this comes with a auxiliary cable to connect to phones that have headphone jacks and you can plug in directly through there if you don't want to use the wireless settings you also have the option to put a mini st card as well a tf card and playback music from there and you also have the charging port to charge via the usb type b cable that comes with the box as well but the thing that stands out the most is that this retro looking speaker box comes with an awesome display with a set of various different retro designs that you can actually control on there via an application that you downloaded for ios or android and i'm going to be showing you that in a second but there's also ways to actually customize it but there's so many different designs that come with the application for this device that you can control directly onto there i'm not going to have enough time to go through all of them so i'll save them for separate videos i'll also put a few on my instagram at trending reviews but i'm going to go through some of the main features that come on the app which i know you're going to like in this so why not let's go ahead and take a look right so i've got my phone ready now if i go ahead and turn this on at the back just hold it down and you'll see you hear that little audio confirmation bit of a retro kind of noises that this thing makes so now that it's ready it gives you a little clock as well to start off so i'm going to play something on my phone and you'll get to see how that looks on there now i'm just going to turn the volume up to the maximum i've got my microphone just above me just to give you an indication of actually how loud and how powerful this thing can go so brace yourselves you might want to put the volume down a little bit on your headphones or wherever you are listening to this there you go that's an example of the audio on there it's really powerful really rich sounds and i do like the little bass that comes with it the bass is six watts not the most powerful bass in any wireless little speaker that is probably on the market right now but this can basically give you audio through an entire room and it's just for me for the price you pay it's just an awesome little device so let me go ahead and show you a bit by the application that comes with this and see what features that it can do right so you can see here the home screen it shows you so many different types of retro designs that you can go through there's some categories along the top here you've got top cartoon holiday and so on if i just go back to cartoon you've got pikachu you select that pikachu is on the screen there scroll down there's so many other ones that you can play around with maybe pacman and play some music to that you can even use some emojis let's have a look some pretty funky ones on there so there's a couple of things you can do now if you click the home tab again this is where you get a lot of the really cool options for the app so design if you click on that first one there this basically means you can design your own retro pixelated theme or picture or whatever sketch and it will display directly on there so for example i'm gonna draw on heart there you go it's happening in real time so if i use the eraser and clear that maybe i'll do something yellow maybe i'll draw a sun like that and then maybe draw a smiley face in there pretty crap but as you can see it's doing the job so clear that now that's an option for you to create your own designs play around with it animation you can add some of your own things to cycle through so for example if i just draw a quick tree and then tick and add another one maybe i'll do the sun again just quickly tick and then i'll just do some birds flying and then play that you can send that through and you can see that this cycles the animations of all of your designs here you can create as many as you want and they'll cycle through on there so that's the option for that and on the top right you have the text option here so you can write any text you like and that will also cycle through on there so if i go ahead and send that through hello youtube make sure to subscribe so obviously it might not be a little clear in the camera but it's actually doing a really good job there you've got some options to help you sleep there in the middle so you can listen to some ambient noises maybe some outdoor relaxation meditation kind of stuff and this can actually help you fall asleep so if i give you an example for campfire i've actually turned the campfire retro option on there as well then you can do that so there's so many different things you can also have an alarm as well and you can set so various different days different alarms for different designs different sounds music that kind of stuff which is pretty cool so you can use this as your alarm clock for the mornings there's also an option if you like to be sort of a part-time dj then you have the option to play around with all the dj controls whilst you're playing music and add a bit of your own touches to that as well now i'm no expert in that so i won't be showing you that in this video also there's a channel tab there at the bottom as well so you have the channel button at the top where you can actually cycle through all the different designs clock being the default one at the first point you cycle through it cycles through randomly but in the channel tab on the actual application you hit that big button there at the bottom and it will give you a cycle through all the different types of top retro designs in there as well so you can see as i'm pressing it it's going through loads of different various options so that pretty much covers all the main features i wanted to talk to you about this little speaker i hope that gave you a good idea i'll leave a link in the description below where you can buy it it's available on amazon for just over 60 pounds they have different models different designs that you can also check on their website i'll also leave a link to that down below if you have any questions then do let me know otherwise i hope you found that useful i hope you like this video and i will catch you guys at the next one take care


Often when you're trying to find something out, you can't make a direct measurement of the exact thing you want to calculate. But what you can do is a bunch of measurements that you can then combine into the thing you're actually interested in. So when you have uncertainties in the things that you measure, how do those uncertainties combine to give you an uncertainty in the final result that you're actually interested in? So suppose there's some quantity you want to know about. But it's a function of some other variable, which is the variable that you can measure. So the thing you can measure is called the raw data. And the thing you're trying to calculate is called the derived quantity. So my derived quantity is going to depend on the variable that I'm getting my raw data for. So supposing I measure a particular value for x, so I've got a particular value for that, of course I'm going to have some sort of uncertainty in that. So actually it's going to be some kind of bound there, and it's going to be somewhere in here. And this distance here is the delta x, our uncertainty in x. Now if we project that up to what y is going to be, obviously what we'd do is we'd say, well, that's the value of x that we measured. So this here must be the value of y that we derive. So because of our uncertainty in our raw data in x, we're also going to have some kind of uncertainty for our derived value of y. So just from this picture we can see that this here must be our uncertainty in y in our derived quantity, and you can in fact derive that pictorially using graphing if you like. A more advanced way of doing exactly that process is to use calculus, but we're just going to work out a few rules of thumb for some very simple formulae that come up all the time.


If you're enrolled in the exceptional family member program or EFMP, you need to check your enrollment status. More than 25% of enrolled family members have an expired status, which causes delays in the assignment process. Go to navyfamily.navy.mil to check your enrollment status. The program is mandatory for family members identified with medical or special educational requirements. EFMP also helps the Navy ensure sailors are only stationed in areas where their family members can receive the appropriate level of care and treatment for their physical, mental, emotional, or educational needs. As of December 1st, there were more than 14,000 service members with exceptional family members. From the Defense Media Activity, I'm Petty Officer Amara Timberlake.