Chile became, I'd say in the 2000s, the richest country in Latin America, as I said. And it's interesting that people in Chile were not satisfied with that. They were not happy. Starting in the 20 teens, primarily, there was a big outcry about inequality, even though the poor in Chile are doing better than the poor in other places in Latin America. The rate of poverty in Chile is significantly lower than other countries in Latin America. Inequality became a big issue. At about the same time, it became a big issue in the rest of the world. And they started demanding significant changes. They started demanding a shift away. I remember seeing a talk by Jose Pinerra at a Montpeleran Society meeting, oh God, this is probably close to 10 years ago, maybe a little less, maybe seven or eight years ago. And Jose Pinerra basically said that the successful people in Chile, the rich in Chile, Jose Pinerra, the architect of the privatization of Social Security, were feeling guilty. Guilty for their success, guilty about the inequality, guilty that they were so rich and there was still poverty in their country. In other words, the tentacles of altruism were deep in the culture. Chile is a Catholic country, very Catholic, as much of Latin America. And it's impossible to sustain freedom. It's impossible to sustain capitalism in an altruistic culture. I think this will happen in Argentina as well. You know, as if Argentina holds on to its altruism and Catholicism, then no matter what reforms Millet actually passes, ultimately they will feel guilty about them. And that guilt ultimately manifests itself, manifests itself. Tentacles is not good, Chandler is making fun of my tentacles. It manifests itself in the Chilean people voting and starting to demand a return to some of the socialist policies of the past that it clearly failed. It got so bad that, you know, a few years ago they demanded a constitution, a new constitution, a constitution that undid the reforms. I mean, the reforms are pretty deep, even to the extent that schools here, there's a lot more privatization or semi-privatization of the schooling system. There's a lot more private health care here than there is in any other place in Latin America. So they demanded that there be a constitution convention to undo the liberalization and they landed up electing a leftist Marxist president. Now, what's interesting is that when the leftist Marxist president came into power, that the Chilean economy started doing poorly, crime rates started to increase, and people started to regret their shift to the left. I don't think they regret their opposition to the liberalization, but they don't like this president. Partially because of their regret around the shift to the left, when a constitution was presented to them, they would undo the reforms of the liberalization and would make Chile a much more socialist country. They turned that down, they voted against it. It's interesting though that when it went back to the Constitutional Convention and they adopted a right-wing constitution, a much more religious constitution, constitution of the banned abortion and things like that, and that came to a vote, they voted that down, so that's good. It seems like the Chileans are not ready to embrace statism of left or right, at least not at the Constitutional level. And now the current president is very unpopular, I think his popularity is lower than that of Biden. I think his approval rating is something like 25%. And in the coming election, it's likely that a right-wing status will be elected. It would be amazing if maybe inspired by the election of Milay in Argentina that somebody with a more free market credentials gets elected, so we don't have a right-wing status replacing a left-wing status, you know, big deal. But so it's going to be interesting. I will know more about the political situation in Chile in the next few days as I meet Chileans and as we talk about these things and I get a lot of insight from the locals. This is more me speculating right now than anything else. But they do seem to be some strong candidates who are likely to defeat the leftist president in the coming election. Obviously some of the reforms have been undone. They are, the momentum of reforms has slowed. Economic progress has slowed significantly. And while Chile is still a relatively wealthy place, and you can see it looking out the window at how many new buildings they are here and how much cleaner and nicer Santiago is from the perspective of just, you know, expression of wealth, then let's say Sao Paulo or Buenos Aires, it's a smaller city, but it's, yeah, I mean, it looks much nicer. That, you know, we will see what happens with this. It's a great experiment and it's really fascinating to see how altruism, you know, pushes the country, even though it has clear and equivocal proof that free markets have helped, free markets have improved people's condition. And they also have neighbors like Venezuela that have embraced socialism and gone from the richest country in Latin America to the poorest one. And they've got other countries that have declined dramatically in terms of wealth like Argentina and like, in relatively speaking, to Chile, like Ecuador and others. You would think they would have learned these are the policies that are good. But if your standard is not individual, human, flourishing, if your standard is not individual, well-being, then, yeah, if that is the case, then it's, if that's not the standard, then if altruism is the standard, if guilt is what drives decision-making, then people are willing to give up the wealth, the prosperity, the flourishing, the freedom in order to feel less guilty. And that's so far the story of Chile. We'll see what the next decade or so bring and how it develops in particular, how it develops in contrast to what's going on in Argentina. And again, who knows how things in Argentina can evolve, but and how much they'll be able to get done. But I'm cautiously optimistic about that. And the contrast with Chile is going to be interesting. Both Chile's past and Chile's future is going to be interesting. All right. That was just a quick rundown on modern Chilean history. And I'll have more to say about Chile, I think, after I get to talk to the Chileans and get some feedback, including tonight over dinner after we finish the show. All right.


So we have seen a few different easter eggs and references but this in my opinion is the most special of them all as it's CDPR giving props to Rockstar which is amazing. How's it going guys? My name's DPJ and if you enjoyed this video leaving a like really helps out and if you like what you see and want to see more Cyberpunk be sure to subscribe. So a long long time ago there was a game called GTA San Andreas. You may remember it. I mean who you kidding everybody who knows games knows of San Andreas. Well within this game there was a famous train mission which has gone until this day to still be referenced by GTA players. The mission consisted of two cousins chasing a train. It was quite a difficult mission and it's why it's still referenced to this day. The cousins were called CJ and Big Smoke and you can see that old school footage on screen now. Now upon Cyberpunk there is a direct reference to this mission from GTA and this is where you find it. So as you can see on screen now these train tracks lead to this tunnel. When we get a little closer we see a few dead bodies on those tracks. Now if we loot this fella we see he has a shard. Now if we read this shard's text we see a conversation between someone called Little Smoke where in GTA it was Big Smoke and JC where in GTA it was CJ and they're talking about following a train. And yes people this is absolutely epic to me and I do like the fact that CDPR is showing that love to Rockstar and that GTA franchise. As although GTA and Cyberpunk are very very different games they are also very similar in many aspects and I can 100% guarantee GTA 5 had a major impact on this game and this is a shout out to Rockstar for that in my opinion. So yeah guys this is the GTA easter egg reference and I hope you enjoyed the video. If you did leave me a like really helps out. If you're new around here and want to see more Cyberpunk be sure to subscribe and if you never want to miss a video upload a content notifications on by hitting that bell button but guys thanks as always for stopping by hopefully you enjoyed the video and hopefully I will see you on that next one.


So welcome. Let me tell you something about Pearl and the physics lab. So first, maybe I should introduce myself a little bit. Well, I'm mostly here at FOSSTEM because I'm heavily involved in gen2 linux. So most of the time, you will find me down at the gen2 booth, where I'm involved in packaging all sorts of stuff, including also Pearl. As a Pearl package, I'm a little bit horrified at all these ideas about carton and docker and so on. I think specifying good dependencies should do the work. But anyway, in my main occupation, in my day job, I'm an experimental physicist working at the university leading research group. And we are using Pearl to measure. And that's what I'm going to tell you about today. This is this package here, lab measurement. So what are we working on? So we are researching carbon nanotubes. I don't know if you've seen these pictures here before. There are many different forms of carbon. There are many different forms of carbon. You can have diamond, where you have such a three-dimensional lattice of carbon atoms. You can have these fuller greens. You can have graphite or graphene with these layer structures. And you can have carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes, there you have basically one of these graphene sheets wrapped up into a tube. And it's really one big macromolecule. You can have many different types of these. It's a bit hard to see. So you can have multi-walled ones, where you have many such shells in each other. You have single-walled nanotubes, where you have just one. These are transmission electron microscope images. And you can describe them with different structures here. You can see that essentially this carbon sheet is wrapped up and glued together in different ways. Why is this interesting? Well, you can do a lot of different things with them. On one hand, they are very light. And they are mechanically very stable. They are very tension-resistant. And this is more or less the only material where people find that the numbers are right for building this hypothetical space elevator. Basically, you need to have something that is strong enough so it can carry its own weight over such a long length. The other side is that it's a very good electrical conductor. So people have been thinking about using it for chip VRs, for example. And that it can be used for very fast transistor elements. The problem is the handling and building the devices. But also, there, people are making good steps forward. So this is kind of the first nanotube computer that was built. It's still far below anything 86-like. But anyway, I mean, it looks like the logic is essentially working. What are we doing? We are looking at the mechanics and electronics of single such molecules. We can see here that you have two metal electrodes and you have one molecule that is lying across them in this electron microscope picture. The scale bar here is half a micrometer, 500 nanometers. So we have a single macromolecule. We have metallic contacts. We have a gate electrode that is somewhere on the chipback substrate.  You have two voltages that are applied. One source voltage that is actually driving the current that flows through the tube. One gate voltage that is just changing the electrostatic potential. And you measure the current that flows. That looks pretty simple. The challenges are you want to measure at very small voltages. You want to measure very small currents. You probably want to measure at high frequencies. And you want to see tiny details. And that's why you go to low temperature. Low temperature, well, temperature is for us a little bit something like noise. The higher the temperature is, the more smeared out the effects that we want to observe are. This is a logarithmic scale. Physicists love to compare temperature scales and energy scales. So temperature scale in Kelvin. So this is always 1,000. So we go from 1,000 Kelvin, which is about three times room temperature, to 1 Kelvin. Here in between somewhere, helium gets liquid. And this is where our experiment actually is at 10 milli-Kelvin, which is 0.01 degrees above absolute 0. That's something you can buy. So this equipment to cool down so far is, well, commercially available. It's called a dilution refrigerator. That's actually where part of my IRC nickname comes from. It uses an isotope mixture of helium-3 and helium-4 in liquid state as a coolant and goes down to, in principle, arbitrarily low temperature. Just that at some point you get the equilibrium between the thermal isolation from the outside and the cooling power, and then you have a minimum. But it's still a quite complex piece of equipment, and you need the knowledge and the personnel to handle it. Yeah, and with that, we end up at some point in, as soon as my laptop manages drawing the picture in our milli-Kelvin lab, where you can see all these equipment pieces assembled together. So you have the actual cryostats. They are sunk down in the floor here. They actually go about three meters down. And you have all the control electronics that in part controls the cooling, and in part controls the actual experiment. What type of equipment? Well, let's look at such a simple measurement. I've shown you this picture here already. We apply two voltages, measure one current. So what do we need? We need two highly stable voltage sources. This here, from a company called Yokogawa, we need to amplify the current. It comes out of the thing that's done by some analog piece of equipment. So I haven't even made a picture, because it's not interesting for us here. And we need a digitizing multimeter that basically reads out, digitizes the values and delivers them to the computer. That's what we have down here. In general, we can divide more or less by rule of thumb the equipment into three pieces. There's the fairly simple part. This is these voltage sources, for example. Fairly simple as relative. Fairly simple. My personal classification is the manual is smaller than 200 pages. And the programming part of the manual is smaller than 50 pages. Typically, they have one main function. For example, they apply a voltage, or they measure the level of a liquid. Examples would be some cheap stepper motor for 20 euros that you buy at Konrad, or one of these voltage sources, which costs about 2 and 1 half thousand euros, or a power meter, or a liquid level meter. You can't actually read what's here. This is kind of an excerpt from a manual where the commands syntax for this thing here is described. Level two would be complex. Complex means usually there's an ARM Linux system somewhere in there that's controlling it. The manual is somewhere smaller than 1,000 pages. The programming part is somewhere smaller than 215 pages. And you have a main function with a lot of details. For example, you have something like radiofrequency source that can do amplitude modulation, pulse modulation, frequency modulation, anything like that. Or you have some temperature measurement equipment that measures five or six temperature channels and can regulate.  Well, that's level two. And then there's also level three. Level three, well, manual bigger than 1,000 pages, programming part larger than 250 pages, price insane. Typical, well, one is this cooling equipment that does not really have 1,000 pages manual, but it should have. And if you count every page with a mistake three times, then you get pretty close to the 1,000 pages. Then something like a vector network analyzer from Roder and Schwartz here, which is basically measuring transmission properties in the microwave regime. So you send a frequency signal in, high frequency signal in. You get a high frequency signal out, and you see what transmission amplitudes and phases you get. Well, this is, again, a piece of the manual. And what you can't read is that the programming part here is somewhere like 500 pages. How do you program this stuff? Well, there's different ways to get access. You can often connect them directly to some network. It's not always a good idea to connect them to the internet. At least one piece of equipment that I saw once that actually cost somewhere around 40,000 euros had an open telnet port where you immediately got a root shell on the internal ARM Linux system without any password. That was luckily fixed in the next firmware release. So use a separate network for that. You can control some of the older equipment with serial cables. Some of them have a USB port that acts as a USB serial interface. Then there's this GPIB general purpose interface bus or IEEE 488. That's something people outside the lab don't know.  It can be pretty slow or pretty fast. Up to 15 devices on 20 meters of cable topology any so that means you can make a bunch of spaghetti out of it. But it's pretty useful because it handles part of the equipment addressing and part of the communication protocol. And more modern variants are also built on top of that. So you have the USB test and measurement, which is basically just another type, another class of USB device that more or less emulates the protocols from here over USB. And you have VXE 11, which is emulating the same protocols over TCP. So they are in everything but the hardware pretty much similar. How do the commands look like? Well, luckily, most of the equipment just works with ASCII, which makes life pretty simple. You can talk to them, essentially, with a terminal emulator. And everything that conforms to this IEEE 488.2 understands some minimal commands, a few generic commands. For example, this IDN, where you basically just tell the instrument, identify yourself. And you get a response like this here. So this would be a lecture temperature control interface. The model number, the serial number, and so on. Everything that goes beyond this primitive idea of identify yourself or reset yourself or something like that can vary. So you have non-standard stuff, which is basically either old or highly specialized equipment. You have the not quite standard stuff. Well, some companies really try hard and get it wrong. And you have a language that's called SAPI or SCIPI, standard commands for programmer instruments, which defines rather complex syntax that is fairly readable. So you have something like system communicate serial about 2,400. You can guess what it does. It sets serial communication to 2,400 bouts. Or measure voltage DC, was OK. Or source frequency start 100, stop 200, means sweep a frequency from 100 hertz to 200 hertz. That's actually doable. So how do other people solve this? How do other people control the equipment? Well, there's many different solutions. I'm not going into all of them. I'm mainly going to show you one. That's kind of the default solution. That's called National Instruments LabView. It exists even for Linux, which is astonishing in a way. And that's what every hardware vendor provides drivers for. Now then the question about for Linux already becomes a bit more questionable.  So it's really graphical programming. And you can easily put together graphical interfaces where you have input fields and output fields and so on. Actually, I think LabView is a very nice program for simple stuff. It's good to make some quick prototype and try something out. The problem is, when things get a little bit more involved, then you end up with something like this here. And the fact that this picture actually comes from the National Instruments website tells you that they have realized the problem. And this is from a page called, I think, something like LabView wrote mistakes or some rookie mistakes or something like that. The problem is I've seen code like that coming from a company for some piece of equipment. And we had to work with that and modify it. So yeah, it's not so much fun. You can do subroutines and everything like that. So there are ways to do it much better. But why do it this way then when you can actually write a script? So what do we need? We want to be operating system agnostic. What we want to do needs to work with Windows and with Linux because at least I want to work with Linux and some of my colleagues don't. It needs to be transport and driver agnostic. So the idea is if you have, for example, some piece of equipment like these voltage sources that can be plugged in via GPIB or via Ethernet or via USB or via serial, then it shouldn't matter which type of cable you use. It should work just the same. It should support background operation, which means, for example, cron jobs. So we want to be able to set something up. So whatever Linux box monitors some piece of equipment, reads out values every 10 minutes and sends an email if something goes wrong. And we want to have support for foreground operation, especially also we want to be able to run some long and complex measurement and watch the result life to see when something goes wrong and hit Control C. Of course, we want to be able to control our equipment in as much detail as possible. And on the other hand, we also want to have it pretty easy to set up some sort of default measurement. And especially since not everybody who is working in our lab is a programmer and a Pearl expert, we want to have it fairly easy to extend the instrument driver somehow and also to create a new measurement just from a template. So of course, what we wrote didn't happen overnight. This program started over 10 years ago more or less, has grown and evolved in the meantime a lot. How it looks like right now is more or less like this here. So we ended up with some sort of layer structure. Everything here in this gray box is the actual lab measurement distribution. So we start up here with the actual hardware. Then we have hardware drivers or library bindings. For example, the serial port, that's just a Linux kernel or the operating system. Linux GPAB would be a set of kernel modules that is also a separate distribution. This is a commercial library. Then we have a bus layer, a connection layer, an instrument layer, the so-called express layer. I'm going to go through this in detail on the next slides. And in the end, down here, your actual measurement script. And everything in this box here is pure Pearl. So no compilations involved anymore. Let's look at this in detail. So the upper part. So we have these hardware drivers. As I mentioned, this is outside the actual distribution. Part of it is the operating system. For example, the serial port. Linux GPAB is a distribution of Linux kernel modules that comes with a library to do the communication and with bindings for many different languages, PHP, Python, but also Pearl. Some bindings we also do ourselves. There's a snap visa package which binds to the National Instruments Visa Library. There's a lab vxE11, which basically implements that protocol on top of TCP. USB TMC, which uses slip USB to implement this test and measurement protocol. There is also a Linux kernel driver for that protocol, but it's a bit unflexible. And the bus and the connection level, they encapsulate the transport, more or less, the command transport. Bus means we have one object for one host adapter, more or less. So for example, for this GPAB, you have one object that is corresponding to the adapter card that goes into your PCI Express card, for example, that then connects to the cables. And that has also global properties that are not specific to the instruments connected to the bus, but that are specific to the entire system of connection. The connection layer, on the other hand, that is one object per attached instrument. So this is like a TCP connection that goes from point A to point B. So you have a connection per instrument that is attached to the cable. The connection layer is actually only a very thin interface. So if you look at the code in the legacy version, most of the stuff is implemented on the bus layer. I picked, because nobody here is familiar with the specialized hardware, I picked the socket connection for TCP connection as an example. So here we have the bus, and the bus defines all these properties that correspond to everything that you can do with the TCP socket, like remote port, remote address, local port, local address, and so on. But also things like timeouts. The bus creates the connection objects and keeps track of them. And the bus also handles the actual, oh, this is too long. The bus also handles the actual communication. So when a connection wants to do some talking to somewhere, then it hands over the text to the bus. The bus does the actual hardware access. The connection layer itself is rather simple. OK, I shortened here a little bit, but the socket connection module is really not much longer than this. It uses a generic socket. It uses the bus, and it uses the generic connection package, but otherwise it just uses the inherited subs. Things get more interesting when you come to the instrument layer, because the instrument layer here is the first layer where you can actually do something as a user then. We have a generic lab instrument class, and then subclasses of that, which correspond to specific types of equipment. The specific types of equipment means, in this case, that this subclass implements the language the instrument speaks. So you get your specific queries to the instrument, and you pass the specific responses that they send. And you can implement a nice interface for your end users. Generating the instrument object is rather easy. So there's this function here in the lab management package where you can generate such an instrument object by passing the class name. And then passing further parameters. And in this shorthand here, we get, for example, an instrument of the type OI Triton. That is automatically generated with a connection of the type socket. And that calls up the whole underlying stack. So you get a bus of the type socket. You get a connection of the type socket. In this case, it's generated with the default parameters, like the default remote address and the default port and so on, which is, in this case, already adapted for this specific type of instrument. Or here a network analyzer with the module name of the instrument, IS-ZVA, and the connection type, Linux GPIB, and here the address on the GPIB bus that this particular device that we want to address and then it generates a connection and a bus if the bus doesn't exist yet. And we are ready to talk to it. How does working with an instrument look like? Well, this is actually a fully functional script. So we have, we're calling here in the instrument module. We need an address on the GPIB bus, in this case, where this instrument is located. So we get that from the command line. We generate the object corresponding to the instrument. This is, in this case, a Stanford Research Lock-in amplifier, which is connected with GPIB. Address as parameter at the first GPIB board in the PC. And then we read out from there the output amplitude and the output frequency. And we get the input amplitude and the input phase. Doesn't matter now exactly what these values mean, but anyway, you get ready-made functions for getting the various device parameters. And obviously, you can do this in such a small program, but you can also write a big and complex perl script, big package that does much more complex things with the equipment. What do these functions do internally? Oops, no, I, wait, yeah. Well, they are not really complicated because we want to keep this level where people actually may want to modify things and enhance things. We want to keep this level as simple as possible. So if you look at this get frequency function here, it does nothing but call the query function of the lab instrument class. And that sends this string here to the instrument, asks for the frequency, gets a response, and that response is returned. This query function, it handles, it's in the lab instrument class. It passes this string to the connection with the proper parameters. The connection passes it to the bus with the proper parameters, and that goes to the hardware. Same, get amplitude, also just one command string that is documented in the manual of the equipment, in the hardware manual, and similar also our fee here, where we get two values at the same time, and then return them as an array. And as you can see, this is kept deliberately simple, so people who are not perl specialists can improve it and extend it by simple copy and paste. Of course, there are more different cases, and there are also cases where we can use more language features or more programming features. For example, there are many different types of voltage sources from different companies, and they all have roughly the same functions, so we can make a class that is called instrument source, and that provides like a common interface. And then we can automatically provide more complex functions. For example, we could say we have a very sensitive chip, and that chip doesn't survive if the voltage suddenly changes above a certain step size, so we enforce that the voltage is only changing in a smooth way with the maximum speed and the maximum step size, and all this is already then implemented in the source package and our actual, well, hardware addressing modules don't have to take care of this anymore. Similar modules are in preparation for other equipment types, for example, superconducting magnet power supplies, but then things can easily get rather complex and we do part of this stuff only when we really have the need for it. And now for something more complicated, yeah, now we want to do something like a real physics lab measurement. Let's get back to the simple circuit that we had at the beginning. We apply two voltages, we measure one current. We could also measure more things, so let's generalize this a little bit. So we have nested loops of two or more control parameters. In this case, the two voltages, one voltage, a second voltage, and at each point that corresponds to two of these values, we want to measure one or more parameters. For example, the current or the noise spectral density or something like that. And we want to watch the progress of the whole thing, so we get some output that you can't see here. And we want to plot the data in real time and we know like this here. How do we do that? Well, for this, we have this express layer. Let's just talk through one of the measurement scripts rather quickly. Part of it you already know from the previous slides, so we call in-lab measurement. Here we just define some constants that correspond to our hardware and to our equipment and so on. This here you've already seen as well, so here we generate the instruments. We have two voltage sources of the type Yonkogawa GS200. We have one multimeter from HP or Agilent or Keysight now. Yeah, and then comes the new stuff. Then we define sweeps. Sweeps basically means we go from voltage A to voltage B in steps of this size with this and this speed. So here, for example, we go stepwise from minus one volt to plus one volt with this step width here. And there are some more parameters like we don't, we jump from point to point, so there is no actual smooth sweep involved between the points. And before we start, we wait three seconds. And this is a similar declaration, so we go from minus 0.5 volts to plus 0.5 volts with another step width and another speed and so on. And then we define a data file. So for example, yeah, tab separated columns with one voltage, a second voltage, and the current, three columns. And then we define a plot. And for that plot, we have an x-axis, the one voltage, on the y-axis, the other voltage, and the color bar is the current. And after every block, meaning after every trace of one of the voltages, the block, the picture is refreshed. Next step, we need to provide measurement instructions. So what should be done at every point? And there we define a sub that is called at every point. What does it do? Well, it calls, it reads out from one source the value, it reads out from the second voltage source the value, and it reads out the multimeter. About this caching stuff here, well, sometimes hardware access can be slow. And especially these voltage sources, they can set the voltage very fast, but reading the voltage out is unfortunately a very slow action. So what we do is we provide an option that the software keeps track of the last set value, and when you want to read it back out, you just read it from a cache in the PC. You don't actually access the hardware equipment anymore. Yeah, and then each of these triples to voltages one current is locked into the file. And in the end, we wire this up, we connect the data file with the sweeps, and so you get these nested loops, and then we start it. And it starts to run, and then you get a plot like this. Well, precisely you get a plot like this when nothing is connected because this is just noise, but never mind. The plotting itself is done by calling a new plot as an external program, and piping the commands and reading the data file from it, which works in a fast and robust way. What do we get in the end? You can't see this here. You get a copy of the measurement script for archival purposes. You get the actual data file in the sub directory. You get a summary of the device configuration, and you get the last state of the live plot as a file. As I said, this code is at least in its very beginnings over 10 years old, so right now we are looking into modernizing it, and that turns out to be rewriting it with moves. Step, we need to keep it working because we have it running all the time, so we need to rewrite it as stepwise as possible. Parts are already included in the current release, but we need to somehow keep compatibility as good as possible. The bus and the connection functionality is mostly done, so this is now one combined layer. The generic instrument functionality is also mostly done. The instrument porting and subtyping is partly done, but also in some parts of the code is already more in the new version than in the old one, and the express work is work in progress at the moment. Of course, once we have moves, we can use the moves functionalities, and we can, for example, use roles for types of instruments. What we did before with the source, we can now do with, for example, moves roles. Or we can use it for language standards so that we have one role that implements part of the skippy standard for addressing the devices. And then what we are also doing is we are doing the plotting via and the data handling via PDL now, so this gets a bit better encapsulated. And with that, I'm getting to the end. I'm not the only person who's involved in this. Daniel started it like 11 years ago. Florian introduced the layer model, Christian Bujkov and Stefan Geister made this express layer for the fast creation of scripts. Charles Lane introduced a lot of code for oscilloscopes. They use this at a particle accelerators. Simon is the guy who is now doing all the work porting it to moves. And, of course, some more people were involved. All the details are, of course, in the Git log. And with that, I'm finished and thanks for your attention.


When this week's prank call- Hey Matt, there's a cabbage on the table behind you. Can we try call the old mate again? We said we would in last week. We said we call him. See if you can sell him the pigs again. Okay. Yes! Hello, Arnold here. My speaker- Yeah, my name- No, my name Arnold. AI in Holland. Fine, F-E-A-I-N. Arnold. Fine. Not very good. Hello. My speaker. Arnold, fine.  You write it down? No problem.  I try- Yeah, but he's pretty. I sell a couple pig butcher near you. And they're very happy with the product. I could not believe it. Do you supply? Yeah, we supply to a few little butcher around North Brisbane, a couple of nibbles. A few interested people. I thought I'd call you back, maybe. Yeah, what's their names? I've written them down. I'm on their office. Yeah, right, okay. Queen's Land is not Australia. So I'm not moving from them guys. But you pay for that pig. What if I say, okay, I'll give you cheaper, huh? What if I give you cheaper pig?  Let me tell you what, okay?  On a leash. Well, of course, they're running around the backyard. They're flicking around. My name Arnold, fine. I've been breeding pigs all my life.  I can write it down for you if you like. I write it down. Well, look, we don't need to... I've been with them for over 10 years. I appreciate your offer. I need to tell authorities, okay? That's a crazy man. Unbelievable. Look, I was just trying to sell you a pig. Premium pig. Premium pig. What's your name and number, mate? My name is Arnold Fine. What's your mobile number? My mobile number is 0405. Yeah. 042699.  Where's your friend? Maybe by pig, huh?  You tell your friend premium pig. I'll give you premium price, huh? You tell your friend... I'll give you premium price when you call, yes? Thank you very much. I appreciate it. Man, I call back next week, okay? That's poor guns. I wonder, was he like threatening? I don't know. He was like, yeah, it sounded like, what did you bash? Fuck.  Yeah, it's gonna be funny if he gets your number.


Gert Helwig of ZDF German Television, Charles Gunnhausen of NOS Dutch Television and Jean-Pierre de Menier of TF1 French Television. If I could start immediately on your relations with the Soviet Union, do you feel that the failure to set a summit date is a maneuver by Mr. Gorbachev or is it a serious diplomatic setback? I don't think it was a serious diplomatic setback and whether it was a maneuver or not, I wouldn't have an answer to that. I know that there was nothing negative to the extent of saying that they didn't want a summit. We were hoping they would set a date, which we have said to them that is up to them to set the date that they would like to have it. I have not counted it out as yet and I don't think that it was a deliberate negative because I think then they would have simply said that they weren't going to be here. So do you agree with Secretary Schultz that said that yesterday he said that your patience is running out with the Soviets and let me ask you something else. Do you, are you comment this kind of miscalculations about, I mean everybody was so optimistic here in Washington DC about the summit, everybody was saying Gorbachev desperately needs a summit and Gorbachev just said no. Well are we talking about the intermediate range weapons, the so-called INF agreement because if we are there were no real setbacks to that. It seems that our negotiators have eliminated all the major differences and there may be a few little details to work out but we do believe that that's going to be signed. The second agreement, the one that has not really been fully discussed between us yet, which we call the START agreement is the strategic arms, the intercontinental ballistic missiles and both sides had expressed a desire to reduce them by 50% on both sides and that was the thing that we're hoping would be talked about in a summit meeting. So of course we're a little up in the air now as to about when that's going to happen but we still believe that we will get the intermediate range agreement and I hope so. I think our allies are all in favor of that. If you recall that came into being when the Soviet Union set up the SS-20 missiles aimed at targets in Europe and under my predecessor before I was here our allies in NATO asked for help in something to counter that and it remained to us after I got here to send the Pershings and the cruise missiles and so forth as a counter and this was the standoff of ours was supposed to be a deterrent to the river using theirs.  So from six years ago I suggested a zero-zero option on that particular weapon. They get their medium range weapons out, we get ours out and at first if you remember they walked away from the table and refused to negotiate but they came back to the table and now we are I think we're going to have success on that one. Mr. President this situation reminds me a little bit of Reykjavik when success was so imminent and then it failed because of SDI. You probably won't tell us but I ask you anyway is there any room left maneuvering on SDI on your part? Well there may be some maneuvering on deployment and so forth but not to the extent of making that a bargaining chip in which we would give up SDI in return for something they might give up on their side. We can't do that. And I think that your audiences in your countries should understand better what SDI really is. Presently there is no defense against nuclear weapons and I don't think very many people are really aware of that that what we have is the mutual assured destruction idea that we keep our missiles they keep theirs and then if either one fires their missiles the other fires back and the world blows up again a deterrent. Well we believe that there could be a madman one day who might challenge that deterrent and declare war on the world. So what we are proposing is a sizable reduction a 50% reduction in those weapons but in the meantime we have set out to see if there isn't a defense against the ballistic missile and it looks like we are embarked on a path that is going to bring us into achieving such a defensive weapon. But I have always said that in my view once that becomes a reality then rather than have it appear that we want our missiles and the defense to protect us from others that no I would like to see is make the technology available to all in return for that all of us then give up our offensive weapons. The so-called mad policy mutual assured destruction this is a thing of killing people and the threat of killing people is to try and maintain the peace. If we could have a defensive system that would protect people against that we are talking about protecting lives on both sides and I have described it somewhat as a little like after World War I when in Geneva all the countries of World War I decided against poison gas but everybody kept their gas masks well we need a gas mask for nuclear weapons and we think that we are on the road to developing such a thing and therefore it is not a bargaining chip. I say we are willing to be most reasonable about it our goal is to free the world ultimately from the threat of nuclear destruction. Until now your position for example on INF has been very firm although the Russians walked away from the negotiations in Geneva and they came back you said are you expecting concessions from their side now we have the problems for example on SDI are you waiting for them to make concessions instead of making concessions yourself? Well no we are willing to talk and discuss with them as we have already in fact we did in Reykjavik and there we had come to great agreement both of us on the desirability of doing away with nuclear weapons but suddenly they threw that in the last moment that nothing could be done unless we agreed to destroy and stop trying to build such a defensive weapon and how could you guard against it we all know how to make these missiles how could you guard against someday someone secretly deciding even after you have done away with them to build some of those and then blackmail the world so we don't think it should be a bargaining chip but also we think progress has been made in that they are just willing to discuss elements or deployment and so forth and they have not come down as they did in Reykjavik with just a flat demand that that be eliminated. Mr. President maybe we can talk about another subject this morning there was a new dive at the New York Stock Exchange in New York and you had a meeting with members of the Congress would you give up and accept to raise the taxes in your country? I cannot hold still for a tax that would reduce the economy or as I've said would be deleterious to the economy in this country we have found that you can go and I think in any country it's true you can go beyond a certain point in taxes and you don't get more revenue you get less because the tax burden reduces the economy when we came into office this administration almost seven years ago this country was in a recession we had interest rates that were just beyond reason we had inflation that was out of control we had great unemployment the major part of our economic reform was a reduction of tax rates and now we are in the midst of the greatest longest expansion of the economy that we've had in the history of our country and I and we did not reduce the government revenues the reduced rates plus the increase in the economy are bringing us in more revenue not less and therefore I don't believe that it anyone should propose to go back to that policy of a tax increase that would suddenly reduce our growth we have almost doubled our gross national product since we took office now our taxes bring in about 19 or amount to about 19 percent of the gross national product now when the gross national product was two trillion dollars and you were still getting 19 percent in tax rates but when the gross national product went to four million and you were still getting 19 percent of that increased amount it shows the tax taxes can be a threat to the economy but mr. president might you be open to persuasion either by some very persuasive congressman or by a further slide in the stock market to change your mind and put in some limited more taxes well since we this morning have arrived at the at the decision of the agreement that we're all going we're going to put together their team and ours now to negotiate on the matter of our deficit reduce the deficit no I'm sure that there is matter of fact I had suggested in my budget that I sent up in which they refused to consider some adjustments to some of our taxes but not the just flat going out and raising say the income tax we once had a top bracket in our income tax when I was a civilian out there making motion pictures that was 90 percent the tax rate well I saw it firsthand my own experience what that can do after I reached the 90 percent bracket I just vacationed they could send me a script and I wasn't going to do another picture for ten cents on the dollar well now we have come down in our tax reform to where the top rate is only going to be 28 percent but as I've said we have seen the same people in the upper brackets were bearing the greatest part of the tax burden they are paying today a greater share of the total tax revenues since we reduce the rates because there's an incentive now to make more money so do you still consider realistic to cooperate with the Soviet Union on the Persian Gulf particularly on convincing the Iranians to accept the ceasefire I mean it's what happened in Moscow it's the fact that the Soviet Union says that all the forces from the Persian Gulf has to be withdrawn and they disagree on sanctions against Iran. Well the main thing is to end the war and the Soviet Union and the Chinese were both with us solidly in the Security Council voting of resolution 598 which was the one that both countries should agree to a ceasefire stop a war with no victor no defeated just agree to separate and return to their own borders at peace the second part of that which had to be voted on again and has not been yet was that if one side or the other refused 598 then the world agreed to embargo or boycott them for any sale of munitions or weapons now Iraq agreed to 598 Iran did not now before the UN is the consideration of whether we will go for the second the boycotting of arms sales to Iran they're going a little slow because and that's because the General Secretary I get mixed up the Secretary General General Secretary is Gorbachev Secretary General of the United Nations is still working on Iran and trying to persuade them to agree before we take or require to take the second action there has been no indication in the part of the Soviets that they would turn and not support the second resolution as they did the first please forgive me mr. President if I return to the money market and the economics again because I think there's an important question they have been confusing signals by Secretary Baker concerning the exchange rates would you consider the value of the dollar okay where it is right now well I think I think Secretary Baker has been misunderstood he feels as I do that the Louvre agreement that we've all agreed to there that that agreement about maintaining the stability in the currency exchange is effective and that we're we pledge ourselves to go by that and I don't wear this misunderstanding came that he was suggesting something else but we are we're convinced and we're satisfied to observe the Louvre agreement to maintain the stability the currencies I wonder sometimes if what happened in the market is not a case of maybe the market overpriced itself and is now making a corrective change mr. President a few weeks ago when mr. Sheffernaza was here the summit was announced yeah an agreement was announced Howard Baker said the lame duck status of the president is postponed for a long long time what's the situation after last week the problems on Wall Street no summit not yet a complete INF agreement are you a lame duck again or still I don't think so it's a term we use here of course when anyone in high office is prevented by law as I am from seeking another term so that the people in the legislature don't have to wonder whether you're going to be in a campaign or in an election again they we use that term but no I think the very fact that today I met with the congressional leadership of both parties we are we did make progress we are going forward with two negotiating teams to come together on how we can deal with the budget deficit which we do think is the biggest threat to anything it's and it's been going on for many many years and far too long and I set out to try and eliminate the deficit when I first came here but unfortunately the Congress has the last word about spending money and they have been more willing to spend than I would have been so each budget that I've sent up they've ignored because I they said I had too many spending cuts in it but I think that we are going to work together and we will come to a settlement and that's going to take a little give and take on both sides Mr. President I'd like to ask you a personal question last week everything was going wrong you are a human being as well as president of united states did not ever think I would be better riding in my ranch would know I would be better riding in my ranch instead of being here in the White House with all these problems well on the other hand I have to say that there's something to be well someone a very wise man once said life begins when you begin to serve and I think he was right if I can do some good for this country that I love so much for the people and even for the world with regard to peace and so forth all right I'm willing to do that and I don't ride as much as I used to but I get a few opportunities and when the congress takes its leave and I can get back to the ranch it makes sense giving what like Thanksgiving yes in August they take a very lengthy recess of about three weeks I was riding every day cutting wood in the afternoon or do you wonder sometimes sir that your legendary luck is running out I never called it luck no I think we have an unusual situation that parliamentary forms of government don't have and that is here that you can have as I have now a congress in which both houses of the legislature have a majority of the opposition party well they're not too enthusiastic about doing everything that I want done and for the six years up until this present year I at least had one house the senate and I think that then they in the legislature because both senate houses have to agree on measures well there some compromising was done when they formed agreement on a piece of legislation and many times it was something that I could then sign but as I say that's an unusual thing in our our government here that we should have this we've had it for quite some time in our congress that kind of a a division between the executive branch and the legislature I don't mean that I'm opting for a parliamentary system I think our systems work reasonably well for a couple of hundred years and we'll stay with it but it's been more difficult since the 84 election when the balance changed and they had both a majority in both houses still this morning I think we were all agreed that we want to seek an answer to this problem Mr. President they're signaling to me that our time is up and thank you for sharing it with us well thank you very much thank you very much


Stephen Hawking's brief answers to the big questions on this earth right now. So you've got the smartest person maybe who's ever lived who has the cumulative knowledge of this whole world, all the philosophers. And nobody's ever heard or read this book that asks the big questions. Is there a God? Let it all begin. Is there intelligent life in the universe? Can we predict the future? Can we go back in time? Will we survive on earth? One thing that Stephen Hawking says in this book is his dad taught him, never be afraid to put forward a crazy hypothesis. No matter how many people oppose it.


This is the SF Productions podcast network This is a 10 Thursday at 3 at Darren Pamela Ferdin the Burgess Merit of show He's got a happy song well good evening and welcome to another episode Good day and welcome to another yet another episode of vast wasteland the video journal of Pop culture. I'm Wobbert Neal I'm Marty Wiley and she's cracking up and we're gonna this is another of the popery ones and But before we start talking about that Let me tell you about them when we're supposed to be on here when when we're usually on here like Most of the time we're on here at least Wednesdays at 10 Thursdays at 3 and maybe Saturday afternoon Just maybe about 4 30 or so We haven't confirmed that but yet. That's what we hear And then if you want to write us and ask us about things and Well people do that too you can write us that box 15 14 11 Columbus, Ohio 43 no, excuse me 43 And that's that's that's there. Okay, so now We were going to be talking about the I did at Paul McCartney was in another band before he was in wings But I got an important call telling me that we promised to do or I had promised to do Another thing on Columbus the way it used to be because I didn't finish last time. I only got started so We're gonna continue with that. It's the Rattigan raving hour again And I'll be does not drink talking about how Columbus used to be or as I remember it Which may or may not be out actually was because you know memories are subjective Perhaps Columbus is only a figment of your imagination. Well, it seems that way now because it's certainly in the way It used to be as far as things were and so I'll just jump in there It's like I was talking about most of the most of the things I talked about last time were downtown Although I did kind of get around to the the shopping centers the big ones at least the big the big three is like um well, I stayed mostly downtown, but um Going back downtown there. There were still some things that I did not talk about Let me see. I know I mentioned Woolworths downtown the idea that they Well, it is still there true, but they used to have a Big food counter right up front there and it was this big Elsie the cowhead that used to be back there It was like a big rubber no wait a minute. Wait a minute. Let me get this straight The big entertainment Columbus was a good out of Woolworth looking the front window look at Elsie the cow and watch people eat No Food here there was there was food there They used to have like pizza and stuff there and they would have it right there in there But now it's kind of moved over to the side there They still have it they still do have it and they had like a diner a little Diner kind of counter there and it's right over to the side there That's actually still there so but it's like the inside of Woolworth's has just kind of changed a little anyway Downtown on Spring Street right there about spring and high There was this trailer And in that trailer you could get the best Kony's sort of best Kony's in the city And I'm not sure whether it was either one of the two it was probably one of the two Trailer Kony Trailer Bob Kony There's like there's like George's and there's Phillip's it was one of those two But I'm not sure which one was actually there in that trailer But then they took out that trailer and they put in a they put in a lums A lums right there on that corner and lums was around for quite a while and then it became a Lums went out and then it's like an Oriental restaurant now, and I just don't know if people feel safe going there anyway Several things have happened there there was them Across the street and down a bit well south of there was the clock restaurant, which may still be there But they used to have this great big clock out front and it was really great clock down on high Well, but it was a big clock with a face on it, and it had like a Boon for one hair manna and a fork for the other it was a big cartoon face on his clock It was it was cool It's not confusing with like Lucy's toy shop. No, no, no, this is a big You sure you were hallucinating I'm not thinking about grandfather clock on Captain Kangaroo either But it was it was this big clock that used to sit out in front of the clock restaurant I mean there is an actual That used to be down there and then um, let's see if you go further down high street south on high street in your turn on town street there which you can't do anymore because then you'll be running smack into the city center, but um anyway there used to be um a Great old bookstore right there and from that old bookstore Grew the Wizard of Comets because they they were in there, and then they they moved out of there and about old the Middle later 70s they moved out of there and they moved north on high street to where um an old old um Dime store used to be and then they were there for a while, but then they moved further up high street up north of the The Drexel north well, it wasn't the Drexel north then but well Yes, it was it was the Drexel north by then and they were there for a while And then they moved over on Indianola and spread out to other other places But then they just kind of fizzled out so they're no longer around anymore either and that's another thing and then Let's see if you're you were downtown there. You're on town street. There used to be a Chinese restaurant right there. Um Ho-toy, I believe it was and it was there it was there But it was you know it was no it's not on town street more because that's not very well Who remembers the names of the street and but then they built over on um Street because this way and the street over on State Street. They put in a a Burger King and The Burger King went out and that's where Ho-toy moved to her. Ho-toy's still there. Anyway, um, there was this um Okay, and I mentioned Burger King there. Let's let's go back way back back into time when in Columbus there were only two Kinds of hamburgers frog with ice and that was in there. No, no, no, no, no, no stop that That was that was really only one hamburger chain. I guess you could call it really Back then it was White Castle They used to have several locations around town in fact I think one of the first if not the first one was on fifth and now it's at the zoo Well, they they moved that when they moved the whole building out from where it was at the corner of fifth and Fifth and now fifth in Cleveland and they moved it and that building is now on the fairground I mean not fair Because that was when I moved up here and they had one of that cast north high north They're Arcadia, which they just kind of redid and modernized. There was one over on Fourth Street just just just south of Long Street And they used to be kind of like along the side of a building and it was right there There was one on main that was kind of along the side of a building over by where the police station is now But you know what and those just kind of all went and then they said well now There should be other hamburger places. So in the early 60s Sandies was created. Sandies was the hamburgers were 15 cents And they had this little Scottish girl in a kilt in the Tam and she was had one leg up She was doing the doing the jig Scottish jigs thing there and that was Sandy's restaurant and that was actually before McDonald's became real popular in Columbus. There was a McDonald's in Columbus But actually it was in Whitehall and it was an old one. It was in it was on Hamilton Road just South of Broad Street and this one was so old. It had the old it was a hamburger headed guy Hamburger headed chef guy and he had a little sign there and on the thing he would be walking and there were neon I remember those lights on the on the arches And he was up there and I think their hamburgers were like 15 cents at that time, too Wait a minute. There was one place. I don't know if you mentioned it before but the name cracks me up um Big boy's burger world or something. Well, hold on now. I'll get to that I'll get to that over on over on living like a burger in a burger No, no on Livingston they had the what was called the the big boy mainliner and it was um Excuse me. Oh, I know that was fun. That was one of the um One of the old burger places that had where you could drive up and they'd come over the girls would skate over and put The tray on your window and and do all that now is the place where you could get hamburgers to and of course Then you had your your big boys, which were elbies here elbies big boys and all they had the burgers and everything but then um Down from there at allam creek and Livingston they put in the bbf burger boy food With the whirling satellite.  Happy the clown We had this poke at that. Well this um Well flipo had a blue suit mr. Happy had a white suit with colorful um Pom poms on it and a little little bowler derby hat and he kind of looked like a big bag of wonder bread Out of the idea, but anyway, it just kind of looks like that now that I think about it But he um, he was the spokes clown for burger boy or bbf a clown for for burgers I I don't know Kings, you know haven't figured that out like a prevailing scene in the burger world their big thing And well mcdonalds had the golden arches bbf had the whirling satellite which is this it was it was a real 60s thing because Satellite space things, you know It was this satellite had these um Things sticking out of them. They were supposed to be like antennas, but there were several of them And they were all different colors too And it would it headed it would turn on its axis So half it was going one way half it was going the other way and then the whole thing would like spin around So it was like a well you could like watch it and get sick while you ate almost It wasn't really spinning fast. It was spinning slowly you'd get bored really You'd watch it and then your food would be ready So it was it was it was that idea and then they um There were there were several bbs around town and then mcdonalds got to be popular So there were several mcdonalds around town. They went into competition against each other It's like well mcdonalds had their their hamburgers and their fries and and the Back then you could not drink a milk I don't know if the milkshakes have gotten runnier since then or what But it's like you could not drink a milk shake without like sucking your usual out or sucking your cheeks all the way into each other and stuff That was but anyway, they had those good I always thought like white castle had the best. Well, they won't make but see I had to drive I thought well, I couldn't drive because I was like a little kid, but Since I lived in Lebanon, we had to go to Cincinnati for white castle We had no way to this day. Lebanon does not have a white castle. It's such a culturally deprived place But to some people that could be a good thing that there was no white castle close by But white castle used to always have Their their their main attraction for me was their orange drink because nobody else had that orange drink He'd go to he'd go to mcdonalds or bbf and want to get that head never the same as the orange drink They had it white castle. That was just that special orange drink And they always had that special flavor for their hamburgers too. It was it was called leftover Well, it was it was different. It was it was it was neat. Well white castle Yeah, you know no matter where you go white castle tastes the same. They do like big old steamed up onions It's kind of a scary thing, but yet it's true. I don't really I used to wonder was it meat on there? Well, several people still do or exactly what type of meat it is, but that's that's not necessarily an issue here But there um they went through a whole thing too with mcdonalds and all those about having a hundred percent beef hamburgers after a while It's like somebody complained or something that they didn't think it was all hundreds of beef And so they had to go up with their hundreds of beef hamburger thing and just make a big deal out of that And that was when they still had the uh the paper The paper wrapper and well sandy said the paper wrapper bbf had the paper wrapper everybody had the paper wrapper Everybody's gone back to the paper. They've gone back to the paper wrapper now after going through their little boxes Well true white castle did always have the boxes and they still do and the best shape they were they were um Sticklers for that and that was kind of their thing because they had a little picture of the the castle was on the box And that was that was their thing to do So they they stuck with it and they never changed where mcdonalds and everybody else has gone through their styrofoam phase craze and they've gone away from that but before they did the styrofoam thing they had um McDonald's had a roast beef sandwich that was in a It was in like a cardboard box, which I guess they let me see do they do anything in a cardboard box now? I don't I don't know. I haven't worked there for like Eon, but they um They had these great roast beef sandwiches in this cardboard box and they had a little packet of barbecue sauce Which was some of the best barbecue sauce that any fast food place had but at that same time They were going into competition against arabies who had their roast beef sandwiches and And Wait a minute. What was it? It was jacks jacks. Yeah jacks roast beef Jacks that went to ricks that went to I know they went through so many name changes down in In middle town. Yeah, it was it was jacks that it was ricks and now it's racks Which it is now, but um No, there was no red barn here. There was Cincinnati Red barn in cleveland red barn had best hot dogs. You couldn't get hot dogs anywhere else chicken Well, I like the hot dogs It is like you couldn't get hot dogs anyplace else in the entire world when you were out shopping Denison's and that everywhere except the red barn and they toasted the buns red barn and you didn't have red barn We did not have red barn here, but they had a red barn in Athens They had one in middle town didn't they had one in no, I don't think there was one in middle town Okay, then I must be thinking about the winning Athens because I could remember going through there No, there was one in middle town was there if it wasn't middle town it was someplace So in between I think it would I think they had one in middle town I'm almost sure they did Anyway, but they had one in Athens too, but not around here not around Columbus.  Excuse me. Hey, oh, yeah Yeah, we had burger chef too because burger chef opened up after Burger king got here because burger kings weren't here either But then after mcdonald's and everything was doing well They put in burger king and then there was burger chef And they just had all these burger places and then um burger chef with the amazing mushroom burger McDonald's decided I guess that they could not do the roast beef sandwich well anymore So they stopped that like they have strived to do it well They stopped that and they did started doing the um The big mac And then they did the quarter pounder. Hey, that's like the 800th anniversary of big mac. Well, let's see the 20 25th or 20th Okay, the 20th anniversary shelf life of the big mac shows how long it's been since they did their roast beef Sandwich and I think the roast beef sandwich was probably one of their best sandwiches I mean since then they did what uh the chopped beef steak, which was like what old military surplus Bam And they've done several things. I mean they came up. That's what no place has A spam restaurant. Well now spam burger Would you really want to go to a spam burger restaurant people that would Spam in the place where you live a turkey burger either now the ground turkey is very good That's true. Nobody opened up a ground turkey burger restaurant Um, I guess it would just be too darn easy. They'd rather have sliced turkey and things like that which racks is Taking off with racks and Arby's are kind of doing those now and um Let's see We did not have casanos until later. But y'all didn't have laurosis. Did you no no laurosis came out of Cincinnati That's where you had the best sandwiches for uh, Italian sandwiches The best hoagies what you call them up here. Well, some marine sandwiches, whatever Go ahead Okay, then um, well, I'm getting bored with the burgers burger boy food aroma. They uh burger boy food I mean they did onion rings things like that and then they got bought out by um a local company Borden's so they became borden burger And they got rid of the satellite they got rid of mr. Happy And Elsie don't go on a date with Elsie That was that was like a big thing there And they they were the ones that would buy all the they would go to the fair and buy the callows and things, you know the Elsie be messing around on elmer. She can get rid of the And it was I guess it was right around that time that um, the windy started up too when um, well it was just before borden borden brought out dbf But after they did it was like they had conies there and you could get cracker jacks there and just all kinds of things Fazed in and then it just kind of phased out altogether So by the late the end of the 70s there was no more borden burger. It was just gone. It was all gone.  So um, or it's like I informed my daughter the other day what's in jello Well, we don't have to buy jello no more Yeah, she certainly won't eat it if we do but um, let's see So that's a that's a that's another restaurant that just kind of Fazed out of there. Well lums lums lasted for a while, but then lums faged up That's about when maxin urma maxin urma came in so maxin urma's still going strong But um, let's see there was um What's that for pizza? Well there It was what tomies. Yeah, I could find those you didn't have a road there were no You didn't have a tally net but then leavening was the only place in the world that had a tally net There were no big Chain pizza places. I mean tomies was about the closest that columbus came to having more than one place with the same name on it that serve pizza and um None of them were you weren't able to eat inside any of them either until later on when they built the one over On squalors There was no eat inside pizza place. There just wasn't until um somewhere in the early 70s they Brought in this this pizza hut thing. No, wait a minute back up. Hold the phone. There was one There was one Shakey's Shakey's old-time pizza parlor They had the piano which which we never really went there until after The ghost of mr. Chicken was real popular and we go there and we'd see the piano player It's a ghostly piano, but it was cool. The only and then they painted the they painted the keys all with the uh, the Black light Fluorescent thing. There was the black light. It was cool. I think she'll movies old Battle cartoons and stuff and it had the banjo guys playing and that was some good pizza And they really really was the hell out of you if you went in on your birthday Well, I never went on a pizza with a candle in it Sangrel bad But then shakey's kind of known for that. Let's have pizza and sing bad That was the whole shakey would make it now beat the heck out of karaoke These were actual people sing with actual music singing actually badly But they probably want to get paid actually a lot of money to the Think go around and do that Of course, then if you're an employee at a place like that, it's kind of written into your contract that you will do this speaking of which there was um, what was the the the um The ice cream place that would do that Uh feral feral never eat the pig trough never let never let your best friend get you drunk Take you to feral's in order to pig trough and eat the whole thing. There was okay. That's just that's just I think there were at least a couple of feral's around here, but there aren't any more but they Feral's would do the big thing with the uh the singing to you the big ice cream thing Of course, if you if you were like hungry and you needed money And you didn't have no money But you were hungry and you were out running around and you go to feral's And you could like because they never asked for ID or anything You could go in and say hey, it's my friend's birthday, you know And then you got your ice cream for free if it was like your birthday So like they bring over this huge thing of ice cream.  Okay, so pizzas has taken off here. Let's look at another thing. Um, Mexican food there was originally taco bell and there was one taco bell It seemed like it was out on hamilton road there once again. It was on hamilton road Over in white hall and it was like, uh, maybe go to taco bell, you know, maybe not It wasn't it had to be there for a while before he really got in I mean because tacos you'd you'd get them you bite into them. They fall apart. Well, that's the point of that Then burritos. Well burritos that was an interesting idea I'll take a bite and I'll come out the other end. No, no, you'd do it right Well, you don't bite into the middle of a burrito because then you've got two burritos One of them has an opening in it. The other one doesn't. Yeah, but you get these new new burrito makers These these new young inexperienced burrito makers and you get it But so then there was there was taco bell and they had their own sauce their own size of burritos and everything and then there was Tijuana taco and Tijuana taco had the biggest burritos and they were great It was a lot of there was a lot of cheese in there They had a wonderful sauce and they stayed around for a while Then they kind of phased out but after they phased out there was van teego And van teego had each of them beat because they had a better burrito and they had a better sauce And it was wonderful and van teego did great and then Van teego kind of they got bought out by taco bell and so taco bell just became the The mexican food the taco king the burrito bandit and they took over everything and we missed Carlos García. Well, Carlos García when it started up. It was what lives but wonderful great Because they had the biggest Burritos their their their tortillas their tortillas were twice as big They were twice as big They used two of them Because that's what i'm talking about. They used two of them. They thought it was columbus culture though That's a lot of Restaurants columbus a great place to eat but you wouldn't live here Tom Petty said it weirdo fast Fast food capital in the Midwest And um, but they had these Honestly fired two tortillas and they weighed a pound at least maybe a couple pounds And it was good They were great, but um Well, and Carlos kind of went and ran into some trouble there and it We kind of phased out of course there was chi chi's with chi chi's because kind of Look up the word what it means I don't know It's okay, but it just never matched may has measured up to the fast food the fast um Mexican food places But there we are on that God remember people used to come up here just for chi chi's. Yeah well Oh Oh, and there was big bite too big bite had big bites I remember just because they had like um, it was a A pita thing it was a pocket bread thing a pocket pita kind of thing And then there was another store that had had a multi-grain bun But they went out of business too and big bites gone and all these places are just gone So we're gone. I guess we have to go to now See you next time. I'm gonna have to do another one of these So Wilbur can fuss about that But I guess I'll just have to say that for next time we do one of these so For us here well at least for this portion of bass wasteland I'll see you next time


He gets so involved as if he's a bot sign, it's a scary sight. Because I say, listen, if you don't look after your money, you're gonna get one shot he had to blow. Once you've ruined it, it's over. So invest your money, invest your money while you've got it.  You know, he'll steal the toiles, he'll still look for a bargain. Appreciate the job you're in. Do it to the best of your ability and get the best out of it. But the only reason I was able to do it, because I was making money from trading on a morning, I mean, I was working five nights a week coaching kids and then two nights a week coaching adults.  And on that line of, you know, looking at the future of the young generations and pensions, the world is going to look very different financially in 20 years from now.