What I'm going to talk about is some aspects of American military and foreign policy history in the context of Misi's book, Nation, State, and Economy. That's why I gave her the title, The Political Economy of Imperialism. It's a big title. You could write a big book with a title like that, but a 45-minute lecture. Misi's book published originally in 1919 and, of course, available out front for sale. Here's one. I'm going to start with one quote. He's talking about the imperialists of his day, the imperialists, mostly the Europeans. He says, these imperialistic doctrines, the doctrines, anyway, are common to all peoples today. Englishmen, Frenchmen, and Americans who marched off to fight imperialism in World War I are no less imperialistic than the Germans. Basically what he's writing about is that, well, yes, World War I, the Germans were blamed for the war and the imperialism and so forth, but he's saying that the other Europeans, the Frenchmen, the Englishmen, and the Americans have a history of imperialism also. As we'll see, a case can be made that the Americans became imperialistic even before the German government did. He starts out, he's talking about the Prussian Empire. He says this, the Prussian Empire that ruled for more than 200 years, he said, quote, had not arisen from the will of the German people, but it was a state of German princes, but not of the German people, princes.  And he said that the German people acquiesced in this, they went along with this, as long as there was what he called sufficient prosperity and military pomp, a prosperity that had nothing to do with the political and military successes of the German state. But the prosperity was associated with the militarism of the German state, by the German state. So a lot of the people thought the reason why they were prosperous was that they were in war all the time, it was militarism, okay. And Mises said the successes of the capitalist development were falsely ascribed to the efforts of the state instead of the individual, the market participants. And he understood also that a prerequisite to create this kind of militaristic state was to wage an ideological campaign against liberalism. He said this, to the status school of economic policy, an economy left to its own devices appears as a wild chaos into which only state intervention could bring order. And he goes on to say, for all the difficulties that confronted the German people at home and abroad, the military solution was recommended. Only ruthless use of power was considered rational policy. These were the German political ideas that the world has called militarism. So he starts out talking about the Prussian Empire and militarism. And he also distinguishes between what he called the princely state and the free state. The princely state, this is early 20th century Misesian language, princely is why Mises is kind of hard to read by modern standards sometimes. The princely state is all about this, the more land, more subjects, more revenue, more soldiers. Only in the size of the state, the size of the state, does assurance of its preservation lie. Smaller states are always in danger of being swallowed up by larger ones. So that's Mises' characterization of the thinking of the advocates of what he called the princely state. Then he points out, though, that there are a lot of smaller states that have existed even during his time, just as long as the large states of his time. But with a free state, by contrast, with a free state, there are no conquests, no annexations, and it forces no one against his will into the structure of the state. It's voluntary. The state is voluntary. Secession is a hallmark of a free state, said Ludwig von Mises. He said this in this book, when a part of the people of the state wants to drop out of the Union, any Union, liberalism does not hinder it from doing so. Colonies that want to become independent need only to do so in the free state. OK, so those are some choice quotes that I wanted to start out with from Mises in the nation economy and state about imperialism. And now, if you look at some aspects of American history through this lens, I would say that the biggest proponent of the ideas of the free state would be, in the American history would be Thomas Jefferson. And a few quotes from him, in his first inaugural address, he said this, if there would be any among us who would wish to dissolve the Union, let them stand undisturbed as monuments of the safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated, where reason is left free to combat it. So it was sort of a defense of free speech and secession at the same time in his first inaugural address. And as soon as Jefferson was elected president, New Englanders started plotting to secede from the Union. And they actually held a secession convention in Hartford, Connecticut in 1814, and they ultimately decided against it. But they debated it for that whole time. And the leader of that movement was Massachusetts Senator Timothy Pickering. He was George Washington's Secretary of State and Secretary of War and a senator from Massachusetts. So this was a very prominent person who was the leader of the New England secession movement. And Jefferson was asked by a John C. Breckenridge. There are a couple of Breckenridges in history, in the 19th century. This was John C. Breckenridge and asked him what he made of this New England secession movement. And Jefferson wrote back and said this, that he said, if there is to be a separation, then God bless them both. That is, both sections, both countries. He said, and keep them in the Union if it be for their good, but separate them if it be better. As Misi said, no one is forced into the structure of the state in a free state. There's another letter that he wrote to a doctor, Joseph Priestley. About a year later, who was writing him on the same subject, what do you make of these New Englanders who want to secede from the Union? And they were talking about creating an Eastern Confederacy, New England basically, and a Western Confederacy, which is every place else. And Jefferson said, those of the Western Confederacy will be as much our children and descendants as those of the Eastern. And I feel myself much identified with that country in future time as with this one. And did I now foresee a separation at some future day? I should feel the duty and the desire to promote the Western interest as zealously as the Eastern. And so it's free state, the Union is voluntary, it would be an abomination to force people into a Union that they don't want to be into and so forth. Murray Rothbard in his essay of his called Just War, if you're interested in this topic I recommend reading his essay online, it's online called Just War, where he said this, the central government, the US central government was not supposed to be perpetual. Does anyone seriously believe for one minute that any of the 13 states would have ratified the Constitution had they believed that it was a perpetual one, a one-way Venus flight trap, a one-way ticket to sovereign suicide, that was Murray Rothbard, the way he put this same thing. At the same time I would argue that the princely state is personified no better than by Abraham Lincoln as his opinions was diametrically opposed in the opposite of what Jefferson just said in his first inaugural address. He said this, no state can lawfully get out of the Union. Acts against the authority of the United States are insurrectionary or revolutionary. And in the same speech he used the words invasion and bloodshed to describe what would happen to any state that attempted to leave the Union. There's no voluntary Union with Lincoln. In the same speech, by the way, he also supported an amendment to the Constitution that would have prohibited the federal government from ever interfering with slavery. It was called the Corwin Amendment and it had already passed the House and the Senate and several states had voted to ratify it. And it turns out Doris Kearn's Goodwin's big 1,000 page book on Lincoln, Team of Rivals, the name of the book. She documents with original sources how this Corwin Amendment came from Lincoln, came from Springfield, Illinois. He ordered Seward, Senator Seward from New York who had become his Secretary of State to see to it that the Corwin Amendment made it through the Senate, which he did. And then after that, in his first inaugural address, he says, I understand the amendment has passed the House and the Senate, but I haven't seen it. So he lied, you know, on his day of total big whopper there. Hadn't seen it. He wrote it. Hadn't seen it. It came from him. Okay. He went on to redefine treason. Treason in the Constitution, Article 3, Section 3, is levying war upon the United States or giving aid in comfort to their enemies, there in the plural, meaning Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Alabama, Virginia, their waging war on the free and independent states. That's what treason is under the Constitution. Lincoln redefined it basically to mean criticizing him and his war. And of course, the war aims resolution of the United States Congress, which I have reprinted as an appendix to my latest book on Lincoln, The Problem with Lincoln, states very clearly the purpose of the war. It's the first appendix that I put in there, or the U.S. Congress announced to the world that this war is not waged upon our part in any spirit of oppression, that's a laugh, nor for any purpose of conquest or subjugation, another that's funny too, and this is the important part, nor purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of those states, established institutions they meant slavery, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and to preserve the union. Of course, the union was destroyed because the original union was a voluntary union, and it became more like the Soviet Union after the war because it was no longer voluntary. Ask the Hungarians about that and their history. And so starting with that, that's one example of how America turned more from the free state to the princely state in the language of Mises, more land, more subjects, more soldiers, more revenue, that's what they were about. In contrast to this, Jefferson's writings, the Kentucky Resolution of 1798 is one of my favorite things. I have one quote by Jefferson framed in my bookcase, and I should do this one too, it's from the Kentucky Resolve of 1798, he said, and he wrote, resolve that the several states composing the United States of America are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their general government. If the people themselves decide that the central government is exercising extra constitutional powers, then its acts are unauthoritative, void and of no force. And compare that with what Lincoln said about insurrection and so forth. Mises also claimed that the Marxists of his day were, he's talking about the Marxists now in the same book, were all for freedom of the press as long as they were out of power. And he says this about imperialists in general. And this reminded me of the ACLU, which is one of the many appendages to the Democrat Party in the United States. And they were good champions of free speech for decades as long as, you know, while the Democrats were largely out of power and didn't control everything like they do now, in all the institutions like they do now. But now that they're in power, when's the last time anyone heard about the ACLU defending free speech when, you know, did they defend Trump when he was de-platformed by Facebook or anybody else or anything? Do they even comment on that? I'm not aware of it. It's up the fire with the university world to defend that, but the ACLU doesn't do that. So this is just an observation by Mises that these imperialistic regimes are all favoring free speech, the political people behind them, when they're out of power, but not so much when they're in power. Now, I have assessed this paper I'm reading from. I have a section on American wars of conquest. Once we started going down the road of the princely state, well, we became imperialistic. Take the invasion of Canada in the War of 1812. Many members of Congress, including Henry Clay, was just one of the main instigators of the war. Clay, the late Gary North for years bugged me to write a book about Clay, since I wrote one about Hamilton and Lincoln. Clay is sort of the man in the middle that connected Hamilton and Lincoln and that political regime that they all stood for. But Henry Clay, when I got I've been researching him, and the latest biography that I've read of him praises him to the treetops for being a member of the committee that negotiated an end to the War of 1812, but they didn't blame him for instigating the War of 1812. He was one of the main instigators in Congress for this. He once said just the militia of Kentucky alone could defeat Canada, as though he would know anything about it, no military experience whatsoever. Okay, and so this was the annexation of Canada. It was clearly desired by members of certain members of Congress. There was a congressman named Richard Johnson. He said, I shall never die contented until I see England's expulsion from North America and her territories incorporated into the United States. There was a congressman named John Harper who said, the author of Nature Himself, God, in case you didn't catch that, had marked our limit in the South by the Gulf of Mexico and on the North by the regions of eternal frost. So he's claiming to know what was in God's mind. Before leading his men into battle, a general Alexander Smith said to them, quote, you will enter a country that is to become one of the United States. And so, you know, quite a few prominent political figures and generals knew that even if the beginning of the War of 1812 was not motivated by the desire to conquer Canada, it certainly became that. So it seems anyway, if you see what these members of Congress were saying. And then if you look at the Mexican American War, in 1846, President James Polk offered to purchase from Mexico land that included Texas, California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, part of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming. These are all part of Mexico at the time. That was a big land sale, something Donald Trump never even did, as far as real estate sales. Well, the Mexican government said no thanks. And so after which Polk claimed that American blood had been shed at the hands of Mexican soldiers in Texas somewhere. And so that justified the invasion of Mexico. And the end result was the Polk administration was able to add all of this territory to the United States. And they wrote Mexico a check for 18 million bucks for all of that land at the time. And so that seems to fall into the princely state category, I would think, even long before Lincoln came along. So I'm not saying that Lincoln initiated this, but the point I made was that I wanted to compare Jefferson and Lincoln in their thinking ideology there. And by the way, the Civil War, a very interesting little book is by Robert Penn Warren. He was asked by Time Magazine in 1960 to write a book, you know, the Centennial of the Civil War. And he wrote a little book called The Legacy of the Civil War. And one of the points he makes is that the story of the, that is told of the American Civil War created what he said as a treasury of virtue on the part of the United States government, meaning anything the United States government would do in terms of foreign policy was virtuous by virtue of the fact that it was the United States government that was doing it. Okay. And he said it was used to justify any and all aggressive wars. And Robert Penn Warren, the famous novelist and writer, all the King's men that Robert Penn Warren, he said moral narcissism became the driving force of American foreign policy and justification for our crusades of 1917 to 1918 and 1941 to 1945 and the diplomacy of righteousness with the slogan of unconditional surrender and universal rehabilitation for others, for others. So that was Robert Penn Warren. And I think he was right on the money for that on that. And if you're interested in this whole topic, that's a really interesting little book. He was a just a wonderful writer, Robert Penn Warren. Then I also write a little bit about the Indian Wars after the Civil War, the American Civil War, literally three months after Robert E. Lee surrendered, Sherman, General Sherman was put in charge of the military district of the Missouri, which is all the land west of the Mississippi. And his job was to kick out the Indians to make way for the government subsidized transcontinental railroads. And Sherman made a speech where he said this, we are not going to let a few thieving, ragged Indians check and stop the progress of the railroads. He wrote that to Ulysses Grant, who was his best friend, his buddy in 1867. Michael, a biographer of Sherman, Michael Feldman, said this, the great triumvirate of the Union Civil War effort, General's Grant Sherman and Sheridan pursued what Sherman called the final solution to the Indian problem. Kind of creepy language, don't you think? The final solution. This is Sherman's language. It's not Michael Feldman's language. He was quoting Sherman and saying that. And this included all these former generals, Lincoln's generals, John Pope, Howard, George Armstrong, Custer, he was in general, Benjamin Garrison, Winfield, Scott, Hancock, and they eventually killed some 45,000 Indians, Plains Indians. And of course they had to have maimed probably more than double that number, as far as that goes in rating their Indian villages in the middle of winter, usually when families would all be together. That's when most of the Indian raids happened and most of the Indians would be together. Now, Mises, on this subject, Mises wrote that how many of the wars of conquest during his time were against what the imperialists of his time called the lower races. And these are people, Mises says, these are people who the imperialists considered, quote, not ready for self-government and never will be ready for self-government. And so he cites British imperialism in India and the Congo and American imperialism against what he called the Asiatic peoples, the Philippines in places of that sort. And what the US government did to the Indians, it seems to me what falls into the same thing that what some of the European powers were doing to what they called the lower races. And here's something that General Sherman said in another letter to Grant. He says the Indians give a fair illustration of the fate of the Negroes if they are released from the control of the whites. So this is after the Civil War, slavery has ended. And General Sherman is saying that the Negroes need to be controlled by the whites or they will turn into savages and barbarians in his opinion, just like the Indians, which he considered to be savages and barbarians. The odd thing about all this though is that a lot of next slaves joined Sherman's army, the Buffalo soldiers they were called. And they were members of Sherman's army mass killing another colored race for money. They're celebrated, but I don't think they ought to be. Okay, now Sherman gave his lieutenant, his main lieutenant was Sheridan, General Sheridan, who was another Civil War luminary. And he gave Sheridan prior authorization to slaughter as many women and children as well as men when attacking Indian villages. He said it was too cumbersome and too time consuming to distinguish between the men and the women and children.  And they killed the horses, the dogs, and every living thing. Do it. It was there. And there's a man, the late S. L. A. Marshall, who was the U. S. Army's official military historian of the European Theater of the War in World War II. So the official U. S. Army's history of the European War in World War II was written by this man, S. L. A. Marshall, who authored 30 books on U. S. military history. So he seems to me to be quite the authority on U. S. military history. And he said this about Sheridan's orders to Custer. He called them, quote, the most brutal orders ever published to American troops. He was referring to the order to kill everybody. Men, women, children don't distinguish. It's too time consuming to do that. So they would typically sneak up on Indian village when the families were together. And by that time, they had gatlin guns with, you know, a form of a machine gun, you know, artillery, of course, and rifle and repeating rifles. And they would wipe out entire villages. Okay. The next enlightening story I tell in this paper is the American conquest of the Philippines. I don't really tell the story. It's a very brief description. Well, the Filipinos had just ejected the Spaniards from their country and declared their independence. But the Americans wanted, the American government wanted to get in there instead. And so there was the Philippine insurrection, 1899 to 1902. And according to the history books, some 200,000 Filipinos were killed by American soldiers. I found a couple of sources that said it may have been many as a million. No one seems to know for sure. But most of the books say 200,000 or so, 4,000 American soldiers also died. And there's a biography of Teddy Roosevelt written by my friend Jim Powell. It's called Bully Boy. He published in 2006. And he talks about Roosevelt and his role in this. And Roosevelt denounced the Filipinos as quote, and he's quoting Teddy Roosevelt now. Bill Clinton once said, my favorite Republican president is Teddy Roosevelt. And he said, he called the Filipinos, Chinese half-breeds, savages, barbarians, and wild and ignorant people, a lesser race in other words. When Mises talked about how the Europeans conquered the lesser races, that's how the Americans in the early 20th century, the turn of the century, referred to the Filipinos. There was a senator named Albert Beveridge of Indiana who was the big war proponent. He said, and he was celebrating once this was accomplished. This is a very short enterprise. The Philippines are ours forever. The Pacific Ocean is ours. He said it was America's duty to bring Christianity and civilization to savage and senile peoples. Christianity. The Filipinos had been Catholics for 400 years at that point. And this dimwit Senator Albert Beveridge makes a speech like that. Powell also quotes T.R. as his biggest fan, Bill Crystal calls it, he used to call him. He said, quote, all the great masterful races have been war-like races. There's that master race thing. This was before Hitler. He said, and he denounced, Teddy Roosevelt denounced the menace of peace in the same speech. Shortly afterward, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Kind of like Obama getting the Nobel Peace Prize two weeks after becoming president. Never could have done anything to deserve it. Also during his presidency, T.R., Bill Crystal's favorite Republican in history, plotted against Cuba, Hawaii, Venezuela, China, Panama, Chile, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, and Canada as well. The Philippine insurrection followed the three-month-long Spanish-American War. Secretary of State John Jay, who was Lincoln's personal secretary in the White House. But by then, he was Secretary of State. He called it a splendid little war. Maybe for him it was. It wasn't for all the people who died in it. Maybe for him it was. And if any of the students, if you're interested in doing some reading on this, there's the great libertarian Yale University sociologist William Graham Sumner. One of my favorite short little essays in this whole area is The Conquest of the United States by Spain by William Graham Sumner. And so it's online. You can read it while you're sitting there even. And just tell you some of the things that Sumner said in this. He said, you see?  Sounds like today, doesn't it? Sounds like the U.S. government today. Okay. And here's another thing that Sumner said. He said this, my patriotism is of the kind which is outraged by the notion that the United States never was a great nation until in a petty three months campaign, it knocked into pieces a poor, decrepit, bankrupt, old state like Spain. Okay. And then he goes on to say, the people were bearing the burdens of the imperial system, and the profits of it went into the treasury, which in the case of Spain was the hands of the king. And so now the United States is going down that same road. So he's saying the United States is becoming like Spain. That's why the title of the article is the conquest of the United States by Spain. And he said, you know, this system of jobbery, which Patrick Newman would call cronyism, I think, jobbery, as if the old word jobbery would create enormous profits for a few schemers. Sound familiar? Hunter Biden call your office at the expense of everyone else in society in terms of blood and treasure. We're constituting a grand onslaught of democracy on democracy. That's William Graham Sumner. But I also tell a little story in this paper reading from about Hawaii. In the early 1890s, American businessman in Hawaii wanted the government to declare it an American province. There's a lot of money to be made in there. There's a man named Dole who was very interested in, not Bob Dole. He's kind of doing it. Dole pineapple guy. Okay. And I don't know if I can pronounce this name, the Hawaiian queen. Yeah, I'll give it a try. Lilio Kalani. That's not too bad. Queen Lilio Kalani. She attempted to stave off the American imperialists by creating a new constitution. But then the Americans who wanted to take this over created something called a committee of safety. There's an Orwellian phrase for his safety, committee of safety. It's dangerous to be living in Hawaii so that you need the Americans to come in there and make you safe. They raised an army called the Honolulu Rifles. And the queen was gone by that time when there was a king, a Hawaiian king, and the Honolulu Rifles, thugs with guns supported by the U.S. government, forced the Hawaiian king at gun point to sign a new constitution. It became known as the Bayonet Constitution.  It was the Honolulu Rifles that along before the mafia, along before the Italians even came to America, as far as that goes, in large numbers. So this happened. They took over this constitution. They disenfranchised all Asians as an inferior race, along with most others, except for the wealthy American landowners. They pretty much took over Hawaii. And, you know, this isn't even a turn of the century. It took until 1959 when Hawaii became a state. And here's the, here's the odious Teddy Roosevelt again commenting on, on this. He gave a speech to a Boston audience in 1895 because what happened was Grover Cleveland got elected president shortly after this. And he was against, he was against occupying Hawaii. And so he sort of stalled things for a couple of years, but only for a short while. And then, you know, blustery Teddy Roosevelt. Tom Wood said, journalists love Teddy Roosevelt. And the only reason Tom could think of is that they liked his big teeth. He had real big teeth and he's smiling his teeth in the kind of horse teeth. So I think they liked his big teeth, Tom says. Who knows? Who knows? And, but anyway, he said, Teddy said, I feel there was a crime against the white race that we did not annex Hawaii three years ago. That is, Grover Cleveland stood in the way. Okay. That's, what a guy, Teddy Roosevelt. Now, Macy's further says that these other nations that he writes about, the European nations, you know, they, they conquered all these, these places of the lower races as they called it in the tropics and the subtropics. But eventually the Germans, he said they quote, directed their imperialistic policy against European peoples also. So they had to come up with a new reason, a new rationale. The old rationale was, well, we want to civilize and Christianize and, and bring democracy to these, to these people, these savages. But now when they start, they start invading other European countries, what's the rationale for that? Well, then the rationale becomes the unified state. According to Macy's, he says, to justify the application of imperialist principles in Europe against against the white Europeans, the German theory saw itself compelled to fight the nationality principle, which was more friendly toward classical liberalism, that is sovereignty, and replace it with the doctrine of quote, the unified state. Okay. Small states were said to no longer have any justification for their existence. And, and this is where Macy's points out that, well, if you look at history, there are a lot of small states that existed for a very long time, just like the big states.  And of course it sounds a lot like Lincoln's Gettysburg address, doesn't it? They, about the unified state, government of the people, by the people, for the people, and, and so forth. And that's what that reminded me of when I read that passage from Macy's writings. I don't think I have any more horror stories other than in terms of the unified state. Here's another German author who said this, the individual states of the American Union could not have possessed any state's sovereignty of their own. For it was not these states that formed the Union. On the contrary, it was the Union which formed a great part of the so-called states. And the late Joseph Sogren commented on this, this type of reasoning by saying, well, that makes as much sense as saying a marital union can be older than either spouse. You know, that the the union of states is older than the states. How could that be? And anyway, there, now an American, there's an American politician that said almost the exact same thing. And this, this German politician that I just quoted, quotes this American politician. So I'm going to read you what the American politician said. It's almost the exact same thing. The American politician said, the Union, the American Union is much older than the Constitution. It follows from these views that no state can lawfully get out of the Union. Okay, so the, the Union created the states, therefore the states cannot get out of the Union. Who do you think said that? Who would take a guess? Who would take a guess? That was Abraham Lincoln in his first inaugural address quoted in Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler from the first quote. The first quote was Adolf Hitler and Mein Kampf, page 566. And so I'm sure you all have a copy, so you can just go back, go back there. I wrote a whole article about that actually years ago after I, after I debated Harry Jaffa, the king of the Straussian neocons, the late Harry Jaffa. And I knew what he was going to do. I knew, because I read up, I did a little studied up before the debate. It was at the Independent Institute in Oakland, California. And he invariably would make some kind of smear like he, when he debated Mel Bradford, he would say, uh, Hitler would probably agree with Mel Bradford about his position. He'd always bring Hitler into it and the Nazis into it somehow. And I knew he was going to do that with me somehow. So he did the same, he did something like that. Hitler would probably agree with D. Lorenzo. But I remember, I had taken a European history class in college and we actually read parts of Mein Kampf in this history class. And I don't know why this stuck in my head, but I remember there was a whole chapter on federalism and states' rights in Mein Kampf. So I went to Barnes & Noble and bought a copy of Mein Kampf and walked out with a brown paper bag. And sure enough, sure enough I read this, I read this. And here's Adolf Hitler praising Abe Lincoln to the treetops for destroying federalism in America to make his case for destroying federalism in Germany, you know, many years, many years later, at the unified state. So we ended up with the unified state at the barrel of a gun in the U.S. in, you know, fast forward all those years. And Hitler was doing the same thing. And I think my time is almost, maybe we have one or two questions or something. It's not quite quarter of. Okay, if anybody has a question or a brilliant commentary or anything like that. Yes, sir, how about you? Yeah, it's online. I think you could go on the Independent Institute, Independent Institute's website. I think they still have it on there somewhere. What's the title? What's the debate between me and Harry Jaffa, J-A-F-F-A. And I haven't looked at it in years. I don't know.  It's on YouTube somewhere. Okay, awesome. Yeah, just put dealer Renzo Jaffa Lincoln debate and you'll find it on the web. Most other Western nations, as far as I know, historically, they also had slavery like America, but ended it earlier than we did, but maybe more peace. Not all the earlier, Brazil ended it later. Jim Powell, who I mentioned, wrote a whole book called Greatest Emancipations in great detail about how all the other countries of the world ended slavery peacefully. And that includes New York, New Jersey, not New Jersey, but New England, Pennsylvania, all the all the northern states, there were slaves, all the states, not as many as in the south, but there were slaves. There were slaves in New York City as late as 1853. And slavery did not end in New Jersey until January of 1865, when it was forced to end it by the 13th Amendment. And of course, New Jersey was part of the Union all during the Army. They sent soldiers to kill Alabamans to save the Union. And they had slaves the whole time. There were slaves in West Virginia all during the war. That was a part of the Union. But all the other countries of the world found a way to purchase the slaves from the slave owners and then legally end it. They did it in different ways. And this book by Jim Powell describes all the different ways in which he did it. New York passed a law, I think something like 1797 or something like that, that said that the children of slaves would be free upon reaching age 25. So a slave woman that had a baby in 1810, 25 years after that, that child would be free under New York law. But what happened was the slave owners in New York and in New England would sell, would wait till that child became 24 years old and then sold it into slavery somewhere else. So they ended slavery but they did not free all the slaves because they didn't want these people living among them in the North. Tocqueville in his famous book Democracy in America in his time, 1830s, he wrote that he said the problem of race, as he called it, we call it racism now. He said it was oddly worse in the North than it was in the South even though there were, you know, orders of magnitude more slaves in the southern states than there were in the northern states. But yes England, Britain, England, Spain, France, the Danes, the Dutch all into slavery peacefully without a war. So on that my question is that, sorry, there seems to be more animosity and racial tension in America versus all of these other countries and I'm wondering if Lincoln's war might have contributed to that. Well it's a different world today so you know you know a lot of reasons for that sort of thing but in my book The Real Lincoln I quote one of Lincoln's officers, a Captain Poe, who was a military engineer I believe, he became a newspaper editor in Washington D.C. after the war and I quote him as saying that what happened during reconstruction you know after the war the U.S. government conquered the southern states you know despite what they said in the war aims resolution and the Republican Party ran the southern states. The governor of Louisiana was a Republican Party crony who became governor of Louisiana for a couple of years and he retired with eight million dollars in the bank and so it was a pretty good gig if you were a Republican Party political hack in those days but reconstruction they disenfranchised the white voters for a while and registered to vote all the male adult ex-slaves women didn't have the right to vote back then and they actually raised taxes property taxes in South Carolina were 20 times higher in 1870 than they were in 1860 and so after destroying the place and what they needed was tax amnesty they increased property taxes by 20 fold in order to you know the tax collectors would come down there and either you pay them a bribe or they'll take your property and if you didn't have the money for the bribe that your farm is theirs or your cotton crop was there so there's a lot of theft going on and a lot of the ex-slaves participated in this because they voted they voted for a tax increase after tax increase they they became pawns of the Republican Party and then the Republican Party left the reconstruction ended and you had all of these ex-slaves who had been in cahoots with the Republicans to continue the plundering of the South for 10 years after the war was over and and that's you know one of the reasons why the Ku Klux Klan was created was to intimidate the ex-slaves out of voting for all these tax increases that was the origins of that and so you could that that's that is I suspect why this captain Poe said that race relations were made you know infinitely worse because of that not so much of the war but because what happened during you know the decade or so of so-called reconstruction where you know almost nothing was done for the ex-slaves by the government they they had the Freedman's Bureau but they didn't do much it was sort of a Republican Party propaganda mill they rewrote they rewrote history they published a lot of books about the their glorious deeds in the war but they didn't do much for the ex-slaves any more time was it time up no


Hi, everyone. Welcome in. We are going to be talking about Kubernetes with a bit of chaos, right? We are going to be breaking Kubernetes clusters to understand its components. I have my friend here. Hi. My name is Ricardo. I work at VMR. I'm not going to speak about Kubernetes in China. Don't ask me about CVEs here. I like Legos, Star Wars, both of them. And yeah. And a bit of chaos as well. So I'm his friend. I'm Anderson Duvok. I'm a Google Cloud engineer. And I work with my customers to make them happy. That's what I do. So this is the real cover, right? Because we are going to be breaking stuff. Yes. So all the time we are going to be like bringing a Kubernetes cluster up, breaking some stuff, and checking how to fix it. So first, yeah, who here has CKA, the certification, right? Do you have it, Ricardo? I had that in 2018, I guess, when it was launched. And it just expired and I never got back because, you know, I'm too lazy. But yeah, you did as well, right? Yeah. I had mine in 2018 as well. So it expired. And I remember some of those questions. And some of those questions were related to fixing stuff, right? So the back that we built here in the presentation is actually very helpful for the exam. And also there's a question. Mia has a question. So that I'm going to be like more than a rhetorical question. So what is Kubernetes, right? So I believe we're a KubeCon. So Kubernetes, we know what it is. But for you, Ricardo, what Kubernetes looks like? Something that brings me money. That's true. That's my salary is based on Kubernetes. But yeah, so we added this stopwatch because Kubernetes is kind of this stopwatch, at least for me, right? That you know that when it's working, it's working fine. When it wakes you up, it wakes you up and usually you get like, you know, worried because you may be out of time, right? And, you know, it seems simple but maybe complicated, right? Yeah. So like an alarm clock. So what we did, we were a child. I tried to reassemble it, right? And try to reassemble it. So we are going to do the same with Kubernetes. Some of those components are mandatory. Some are not, right? When you're disassembling something like an alarm clock, you can't forget a screw or something. But there are some things that you cannot forget. Like, there are some optional stuff. Like the one, the thing that you work with. That's optional. No one needs that. I don't know why people keep using this. So the metrics, who needs metrics, right? Yeah. I mean, no one. So what we are saying here is like, when you're trying to... Something, stop it. Let's see. Let me try to bring back to tree. Hey, is it not working? It's not Kubernetes but it broke that. Yes. Thank you. What's going on? See? We are good at that. Yeah, it works. Like Windows, you just turn off, turn on. I reconnected the cable. Yeah. The cable is bad. Keep it holding. Yeah. Keep this way. So I'm going to... You're going to be fine. You want to switch to my Mac? Maybe. I don't think it's a Mac. I think the problem is here. Yeah, let me pick another one. Always be prepared. Yeah. Let me try to tell the dongle. I told him something can be wrong. Something can go wrong. I wasn't expecting that would be the dongle. Mine do not need the dongle. Is it working? No. Yeah, that is going to be. Got to work. So open the AMD here. No. Take off your... Sorry folks. The issue is when you forgot to reassemble something, right? The issue is when you are building back that alarm clock and what happens? You forgot something that was very important, like a controller manager. So I'm going to be switching to the terminal here. Is it readable on the back here? Yeah. So you're the pilot. Cool. So here's the thing, right? And we forgot something and we want to look under the hood and see how is our cluster? What's broken? What are the signs of the component that may be broken? I want to show this line now. So just because you said it. Yeah, we forgot. So the other slide is going to be... Let's look under the hood. We are going to have like a broken cluster and we are going to see what is not working, right? So Hikara is going to be... I'm going to be here. Yeah. So this is the thing, right? You got your cluster and something is broken and you have signs that your cluster is broken.  Unless you are using a managed cluster by some call provider and even that, sometimes you are going to have something that's going to be broken. So how I would start checking my cluster, I just want to see the version. I'm going to show you the version, boss. He's my manager in not in real life. Also in real life. Yeah. And I mean, I'm calling my Qubectl. Who calls Qubectl? Who calls Qubectl? Just to see the rules. Who calls Qubectl? Yeah. Okay, that's great. We don't judge anyone. So my cluster is not answering and I need to figure out what's going on, right? So maybe the first thing is the API something? Maybe. So API server, it's the API, actually the entry point of everything in Kubernetes, right? So you have this API server, every time you do Qubectl something, it goes to the API server and from the API server to it's CD and all of the other components also talk with API server. So let's take a look. I have this. So I'm running, I'm running, yay. I'm running kind here. Who uses kind? Yes, kind is an amazing tool. Don't use that in production, okay?  Do not use in production. Do not use kind in production. I do. Yeah. See? And so let's take a look. I'm going to exact into this kind cluster into the control plane here, right? And I'm going to take a look. Like, what kind has it? What is the cry CTL? Cry CTL, it's the container D cry, the container runtime interface control that runs inside the kind cluster and usually now new Kubernetes nodes because you don't usually have Docker the common anymore, right? So Docker uses a container runtime as well. That's like Docker PS but we cry CTL. Take it. Yeah. So if you take a look here, you're going to see that we have just two containers, local provisioner and ETCD. ETCD is our key value database that is used by Kubernetes API server and nothing else, right? So we don't have a Kubernetes API server. We do not. Let's see it. Cool. This environment, it's a self-contained, that's a pun intended, sorry. That's a contained environment that we created for this exercise. So I know I have made a backup of the API server and I'm going to reinstall that, right? We are not going to deep dive into how to do that. I'm just going to put API server back again and see what happens. Cool. So I know it's here. QAPI server, ETC, Kubernetes, wild type. I have a question for you. Yeah. Why are you, why are you putting on the ETC Kubernetes manifest? Cool. So every node that runs Kubernetes, every node that you have like cubelette running the, uh, uh, yeah, cubelette, right? We are going to get there. But the component of Kubernetes that does all of this node integration, gets the pods, creates the containers, you have a directory that you can put YAML files that will run pods, even if you don't have your API server running, right? So it's what we call, uh, static pods. So if we take a look into this manifest, right, you're going to see that actually it is a pod and it's running. So we run Kubernetes API server inside Kubernetes, cool, right? That's how the things they work. Yeah. Show me the version. Show me the, the version. Okay. Sorry. Yeah. So API server is running here. Oh yeah. Nice. Cool. And now, version. Here we go. First of all, first thing, API server is running, right? Done. So the first time I have tried, I did Qtl, whatever, get NS versions, the most simple comments and something failed because my API server is bad. So before you deploy my app, show me the namespaces now. It should be working, right? Okay. Get NS. Nice. Cool. So deploying an app for me? Yeah, I will deploy an app for you. That's what Kubernetes is it's that for. Yeah. So I have this make file that I have created here that deploy apps really fast because I want to be a pretty productive developer. So I can keep, you know, watching TikTok while the application is running. Yeah. So, yeah, I did this make file. It created a deployment for me with this image, which is like an image. And it has exposed the service now on the part 90. So it's just a demo application. And it should be running, right? Yes. You want to see? Show me the pod. Yeah. No pods. Oops. Oops. The show me the deploy. Why? Okay, because it deployed. Yeah, you did a deploy. Sorry, boss. There's a play there and the replica set. I mean, I think there is a problem here because I have this like ready zero slash two. No pods ready. Yeah. So there is an object when you create the point, right? Yeah, something should be created after the deploy, which is a replica set. And then the replica set will create the pods. So it should at least have a replica set, right? No replica set. Looks like control something, control it. Control something. Yeah. The control whatever. Yeah. Cool. So Kubernetes has this component, which is called controller manager. And if you look and read what controller manager is, that's a really nice explanation that says controller manager controls the reconciliation control loops of the control of controllers. Something like that. Control something. Yeah. That's something like that. And to be honest, this explanation and the name, it's not like that. And I remember that something simpler, but that's just what gets into my head, you know, like controller controlling controller, something whatever. So cool. I'm sorry. Yeah, sorry. But the thing is that when you create things on your cluster that needs to be that needs child objects. And they are core objects, like the deployment creates a replica set. And the replica set will create pods or the demon set. The demon set is that one that you create and say, I need this running on all of the nodes or on a specific set of nodes. And it needs to create pods. So what does that function? It's what's called a controller manager. Right? Yes. So show me the controller manager. Let's go there. Dr. Zach Christy OPS Christy. See, that's life folks. No controller manager. So we have to be API that we fix. Yeah, but no controller. So shall we fix it? Yes, please. Okay. Same thing. So I have this back it up. And again, we just make this backup because you don't want to show you don't want to see us writing a whole YAML file and doing certificates. This is not Kubernetes the hard way from Kelsay. So you can go to Kelsay's Kubernetes the hard way and see the whole thing. Our idea is just to show what happens when the components are down and keep fixing that. So this is fixed. Let's take a look. Christy OPS. It is running. But let's see, get, sorry, get replica set. There is nothing yet. Yeah, it's going to take like a minute. But it's going to be, right? Because controller manager takes something like 30 minutes to start working. So why that, you know, I told that I wasn't going to do any jokes. And I didn't, you see, because it was faster than me doing jokes. So it's running now. And as you can see, there is this application one to desire it to cure it. So to recap, API was down. Yeah, we got it. Yeah. Controller manager. Yeah. Now we have the replica set. Yeah. Show me the pods. Show me the pods. The pods are here. Cool. But they are pending. Yeah. So this is another sign of something wrong, right?  I don't know why this thing is painting. Come on. Like it's 5 p.m. I want to go watch the game or whatever, play Nintendo Switch, right? Fix some ingress in giant X bugs. No, I don't do that. Yeah. So why the pods, they are pending? That's the question. So let's check the pod. Describe it for me. I will describe. Describe pod, the first one, right? Cool. Usually a painting pod. There is a documentation on that if you take a look. But it means that something that the pod needs is missing, right? So you may have asked it more CPU that you have. You may have asked it more memory that you have. You may have asked it that this can never got ready, a volume, right? Or you may not have assigned it any node to that, right? So there is no node assigned. And why there is no node assigned? If there is a node, there is no pod, right? I don't know. Do we have nodes? I think so. Let's see. Yeah. We do have nodes. Yeah. We do have two nodes. Two nodes. And do we have many pods? Yeah. I mean, cool. Maybe something about scheduling. Maybe something, yeah. Cool. So scheduling. Scheduler is our third component on the control plane, right? And it is responsible. And it's like really just a bunch of magic and a bunch of math, like calculating CPU memory and doing all of those things that we learned at the college and never did it anymore, right? We just can go to chat GPT and say, hey, calculate this for me. And it's fine. But it takes your request of CPU memory, sees how many pods, how many nodes you have, and it will allocate a node for you and just change that field with the node saying, okay, I have selected this node for you. So the node can do whatever it needs to do to run that pod. Yeah, let's fix it. Okay. I can fix that. I want my app. You want your app? Okay. So I'm going to do CPT. Oh, cube manifests. Okay. Is it running? It's running. It's here. So we have the API server, the controller manager. Now we have cubes. Yeah. So if you do that, something like this, yeah, running our pods, they are running. Nice. Do a wide. Yeah. Okay. So that's now up. What? No, go ahead. Okay. So now that's up to you. So let's just see what we did right now. Yeah, yeah. Let me go to the slides. Of course, let me control that. You control that. That's too many technology for me. So what we did here, we fixed the API server. So looking at alarm clock, we fixed the API server, we fixed the scheduler and fixed the controller manager. We didn't touch ETCD for time reasons. Yeah. Because you're going to be starting from the bottom. Yeah, yeah, yeah. But you can touch ETCD on your own kind cluster, if you want, doing the same thing that we did, like remove that from the static pod and see what happens, like keep API server controller, scheduler, everything, and remove ETCD. And you're going to see that you're going to have some wild, nice timeouts, random timeouts on your API server. So removing the ETCD is going to be showing you like random stuff. Yeah. Move on. Cool. So what else? I have my pods running. What do you want from me? The wide. What? Wide. Then I have my pods, each one running on a different node. We're going to be messing with network, right? Yeah. Who understands the whole networking model from Kubernetes? No one. And I have like a CNI maintainer here. Yeah, sorry. I have actually some other maintainers here and no one understands that. So that's pretty, I'm just kidding. There is some reference on the end of the slides explaining how those works, right? I know that my app has a port. Okay. Exposed it. Okay. So we want to see if that's working. Yeah, this one. And I can curl for you the other pod, right? Not working. Something is broken on the network. It's probably itself. It's all curl. Look how host 9,000. Yeah, it works. So something to be wrong with the network. Something is wrong with the network. Let's take a look into the network. And the network for us, it runs as a demon set. So if I get demon set, dash cube system, I will see, oh, sorry. Spoiler. Yeah. Kind of. You didn't saw that? Yeah. Cool. So we have inside the CNI climate and for some reason, which is like Ricardo messing with the cluster, it's not running because my node selector is not Linux. So if it's not Linux, it's what? You know, it's not Windows as well, otherwise it will be equals to Windows. I don't know what you mean. Yeah. So let me, let me edit this thing, right? Let's put the CNI back and see if the things they work. Not Linux. Oops. Nope. Not Linux. Yeah, it's working. Why the name is climate? Because it's the CNI of kind. It's net. Right. Because there are sort of things in Kubernetes that are simple. Yeah. Just need to figure out the name. So try the curl again. Let's try the curl. And now it works. So what the CNI does, and I think it's a good explanation, basically, the reason it exists is just like two program routes. Actually, there's other things. But in this case, it means two program routes between the nodes. So one pod and one node can reach another pod and another row, another pod and another node, right? And they need to be reachable between each other without any fancy magic, any net, any mascaration, nothing. So I have this cluster, I have all of those IPs, and I need to reach from node one to node two to node three to whatever, if they are part of the same cluster. And CNI right here, what it's doing is just like programming the routes. Okay. Nice. What else was two apps now? Second app? We call it microservices. Yeah, one talking to the other. Yeah, that's the microservices. Okay. So I have created my second microservices for you. Yeah, we have now two apps. Show me the services. Show me the services. So we now have two IPs on the services one and two. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. And usually we use those services IPs to reach the pods from one cluster to from one application to the other application. Perfect. Without relying on the pod IP, right? Because the pod IP, they change. So if I just go and delete the pod, the IP is going to be changed. The idea of the service, it's to have a kind of a VIP address that I can use to reach my application. So let's try. I'm going to use the wrong name. It's like a proxy proxy. It's a bad name, but yeah, I like a proxy proxy. It's a bad name. Yeah, cube proxy. Yeah. So let's try here and let's see if from my pod, okay, cube CTO, exact, I can reach my services from app two, right? Yes. Let's try it. Let's see if it works. No, it doesn't work. It's not working. And why it's not working? Can I check? Yes. Okay. So let me check my cube proxy. And cube proxy, it's that component that's responsible for creating those IP addresses and those node parts when you create a service, right? As everything inside Kubernetes, it's kind of a controller. And the idea of controller is like get this object, do something over this object and turn that into something else, like the ingress creates servers, proxies, the deployment and the pods, the pods create containers that are going to be run inside. Cubelet runs containers based on the pods, containers and so on. So the cube proxy, it's going to just program network rules that will make those IPs actually point to the real endpoints, IPs of the pods. So my cube proxy is not running because I did the same mistake here, right? Because... Yeah, not Linux again. Yeah, I'm kind of tired, you know. CubeCon, a lot of parties, I just keep breaking things and forgot to fix those. So by fixing cube proxy, are we going to have the services working? I hope so. Okay. Where is it? Cubectl, get pods. Cubectl, is that the right thing? That curl on these services too. So we are from the pod one. Yeah, got it. Pod one. Two services too. This is on the pod, the service on the application too. Yeah, the service IP too. And it's working, right? Perfect. So cube proxy services, when your services, they are not working, your node pods, probably you have a problem with cube proxy, right? So by now we have fixed the CNI that was not routing. Yeah. Now we have service IP working. Yeah. And I want to use names. Yeah, why? I don't know because of school. I mean, it's just easy. You can just need to memorize IPs. Yes. IPv6 is easier. Yeah, IPv6 is easier. So I have this name app too, right? Every time you create a service, it will kind of associate the name for you, which you will be like app to like the service name dot the namespace, which is default, as we see, closer. Look, oh, fine. Yeah, it's not working. Want me to try Google? Try Google. Okay, I can try Google. Probably the problem is here. Maybe Google.com. Yeah, it's not working as well. So the problem is Google. As a Google employee. I resent that. Sorry. Don't get fired. I'm just kidding. Google, don't fire him. So show me the deploys of the code system before I get fired. Don't get fired. Kega deploy dash and cube system. Core DNS. And yeah, it's topic. So we have this in cluster DNS, right? Which is responsible for, you know, solving, resolving the addresses of the pods they make queries like Google. Yeah. But also, what? Everything else. Yeah. And everything else, including those recommendations of like you have the service and the service will resolve to something. So what is the issue? I see ready zero, zero. It means that. Yeah.  He asked me to save money. So no replicas means no DNS. Yeah. But means also no money spent on DNS. Yes. Okay. Get pods dash and cube system. Is it running? It's running. It's running. Okay. Exactly. Oh, come on. Cubes, if you mess it with my. Cubes, if you get pods, cubes, if you, I need to create an audience for that. Yeah. And bash. Cool. So if I curl the Google first, Google is working. It's working. Yeah. So now try to stop doing this collation on incident to Google folks. It's working. Default SVC cluster. Let me clean the screen. Right. Yeah, working, working now name. Yeah. So, cool. Back to the slides, back to the slides. So part one was the contraplane. Part two is the networking. So right now we fixed like at first the CNI because we are not routing. So if folks see saw that if we do not have the CNI, we do not have network security. So it's better that way, I guess. Yeah, that's safer. It's worthless for sure. Could proxy and now card DNS. So off to the bonus because we have time. We have time. Yeah. Okay. We have, yeah. We have five minutes. So there's a thing that I want you to break. Yeah. I can break that for you. So what happens if I break Qubelet, right? So as we've said, I didn't broke Qubelet before. Otherwise, we are going to just be like here and nothing is working. I don't know why. But Qubelet, it's the responsible running on the nodes to receive those requests. When you have the pod and the pod has the node name, Qubelet will just keep watching the API server and see, hey, look, I have a new workload that I need to run. So it will get the pod specification, see, I need those images. It needs this amount of resources, whatever, program everything on the node and do the real hard job. Right. So I've broken Qubelet. Now deploy a new web for me. Make the ploy. What's the name of the ploy? F3. We are creative. I'm glad you know, so I need to keep watching the script. Sorry, folks. It's working. Okay. Get pods and it's paying. But the others, they are running, right? So why the others are running on this one? It's paying because Qubelet doesn't keep... Qubelet is not responsible to like... It is... Sorry, they have your ways. Removing, yeah, the pods, but it's not like, hey, I don't have Qubelet. So I'm going to kill everything. Imagine, like, what a chaos scenario. Right now we have the API server. We have scheduler. We have controller manager. Just kill at this time. Can I fix that? Yes. Okay. Qubelet fix. This is kind of the lazy thing just for the demo. Because the way that I have removed Qubelet on this example, we did, like, just stop the Qubelet. Stopping the service. Yeah. So it's working now. And it's running now, right? So even if we have, like, the controller, the API server, the scheduler, if we do not have Qubelet? No pods, they are going to be. So if I have just one node without Qubelet and the others with Qubelet, probably all of our pods, they're going to be, you know, scheduler on the other node as soon as we have controller that's running. Cool. Something else? Security. Security. Who loves network policies? No one loves network policies. Come on, folks. Cool. So we have a quick demo for the network policies, which is, I'm going to create this network policy here that says, when I have, on the app one, right, so my target is app one, and on app one, I would just accept Ingress' traffic from app two. So from app two, I can call app one, but from app three, I cannot call app one, right? So let me apply this thing really fast. The ChefManifest, not Paul, right? And it's the network policy is created. And then I get the pods. IP address. The show wide, yeah. And I want to exact from pod, from app two, curl app one as the default. Oh, you're trying the name. Yeah, right. Easy. It's working. And if I try from app three. See, names are useful. Sometimes. When you are, yeah. Shouldn't be working, right? Because I say, I just accept traffic from app two. But, you know, like app three is also working. What's missing here? It's your job to make it. It's my job. Cool. So we have this network. So when you install Kubernetes cluster, you select a CNI usually, right? When you are not using the manager. So you have Selium. You have Coleco. You have Flannel. You have Entria, right? I need to speak about my man, my boss, right? So yeah, Entria. Great. Great CNI. But, you know, not all of them, they support out of the box network policy. Because network policy, it's not the job from CNI. It's something else, right? So you need something getting those network policies and creating network rules for that. So we did something here, which is we are installing a cube router as the network policy provider, right? If I do a get pods, dash and cube system. Everything should be running at the cube system. Yeah, it's starting. Almost. Yeah. He told me it was going to be fast. Yeah, it's fast. Don't worry about it. And now if I try from app two, it should still get, right? But if I try from app three, it's getting denied because now my network policy provider is ready. Okay. So this is the one that we didn't fix? Yeah. It wasn't deployed, so. Yeah. Actually, the fix was deploying. Yeah. Yeah. Go for it. So part three was the extra. So cube let it, cube let. If that wasn't working, it doesn't matter if I serve it, it's a CDU scheduler. If the node does not have that running, nothing is going to be scheduled for the pods side. So we actually deployed the network policy provider to have that kind of functionality, right? Yeah. You need some CNI that has network policy provider or you can deploy your own. So some stuff we didn't cover on the presentation, but we are going to be covering the example, right? So what didn't we cover on the presentation in this demo? But on the Git repo is going to be available. The CRI, the container runtime interface, the CSI, the storage interface, the ingress controller. We're going to be breaking stuff. Yeah. We're going to be adding more things on the repo as well. So if you want to, yeah. Networking model, if you guys are curious about it. Yeah. The presentation is already on schedule. Don't care, folks. Seriously. Yeah. It's already there. And also the repo. It's under construction yet, but everything that we did today is available there. So you, folks can replicate this and study by yourself and try all the examples. And the make files actually going to show you, like, break this component, fix this component, break this component, fix this component. Make help. So make help. You're going to see everything that you need. And we are right on time. Two minutes. Out of time. We have, like, this is the feedback. Yeah. The feedback. Yeah. Guys, we are fine. So we can come back later with more breaking much more stuff. Thank you very much. Thank you, folks.


What's going on everybody got Kyle and Sean here relating sports cards and we are ripping since bowman's best baseball eight box case number 13 Pick your team style We are going to begin the super fracter guessing guys Can start now now we are gonna be breaking this again They have super fracter bounty going on if we are able to hit a super fracter the team that has that team team that has that player We'll have three hundred seventy five dollars in group break credit add to their account And if you are able to guess it is at eighty dollars for the break credit If you guess who these super is one guess per person one guess per person that is right Sean will be getting these Copying these over and we'll see if we do pull one. We'll see who has it Alrighty guys Anthony K has the reds in this one playing P with the Rockies got Chad E with the Giants Christopher J with the blue Jays Got Dave K with the Dodgers Dusty B has Astros Phillies Rangers Edward P has the Guardians Gavin K has the Marlins Hit a meet Sue has the Angels Jack S with the A's Jesse S or Jesse K with the Yankees Justin E Tigers Leonie G Nationals Lee Wan has the D-backs mark C has the Orioles Matt S has the twins Matt R with the Brewers Michael B with the Padres Mike S has the Cubs we got Phillip M. White Sox Rain C Cardinals Robert S with the Mets Russell P has Pirates Sean or Ryan Nashi has the Merners Scott C has the Rays Chicken or you has the Red Sox Trevor F has the Braves William S has the Royals Alrighty guys get about five more seconds here for the guesses and then we will start What's up Sam Sam get your name say a name in the next five seconds. I just text them Come on say a name. Say a name. All right guys about five five more seconds here or three two One that's it. That'll do it. That's it. That'll do it last one will be max with a Julian Julian Alrighty guys so again if we're able to hit a super fractor of Anyone in this the team who has or the person who has that team will get $375 in group rate credit and $80 will go to the person who guesses it correctly if anyone did guess correctly on the Super that it was Ready. Good luck here guys. This is case 13 case 13 appreciate everybody Engaging in the chat here getting us getting us moving Good luck. Good luck. We'll do some random teams next That's two more two more full cases coming and then we'll do some mixers So got a good bit of moments best a good chance at some bounties Not yet, so not yet knows how to hit a super yet today Sam hit to yesterday It was a spare Ruiz and Christian Yellich the to yesterday Yeah, we got the I got the trucker hat. Oh, yeah, it's a classic I'm actually doubled up on the the gold vinyl late today doubled up on it Sean copied everything. I'm not sure if you were if you had something in there. You see it's back up It's back. Yep. Let's go. Nice. Yeah, I got you Tony. You were you were in there before You were in there before Alrighty good luck guys. Good luck for all the rules of some Kyle and Shawn everybody Babe Ruth Sab says 30 minutes after the time Okay, come on Sab Babe Ruth Sab says hello, Ben caro. Is that count on spicy Pete? The real spicy Pete there's a Anthony Volpe on the projections is that can that's a Let's go. That's right. Scooter. That's right. Scooter. Go raise. Go bucks far as cans gave Gonzalez on the base auto ATL Michael refractor Come on super try and give away some credit here I think I heard that feel that Michael Tively on the Randy Johnson photography keep them flowers clean. They heard you in the distance. I was trying to tell you what to do That's yeah, I texted you my yeah. Yeah. It's a 199 Bryce Harper and Miguel Cabrera We doing those for all these those after moments best there's a Bounty if we hit the super for the person that has it and then we also have the guessing bounty So we do about 30 seconds before each one Basketball nice one do 75 we got nica hooka Greg on the yellow lava for the Phillies Are you Let's go. Oh Living today Max Clark on the shellax Kodai sanga. Yeah guys should have In the fetal position Here's a masterpiece is Adley and projections Justin Crawford. We should have a bounty going on Saturday Like Forrest just said we'll have bowman chrome Basketball going all day on fanatics on Saturday There's a Diane Jorge on the base auto Clean out the vase man. Let's got some new flowers Put in it. Yeah, there's a gilito Enrique Bradfield refractor Who gives a beast man? Who could is a beast?  Let's go There's the 299 Marcello Meyer for the Red Sox Marcello and a blue auto to 150 is gonna be Justin Henry Molloy the Tigers To 150 CJ Abrams No, I kind of wish puka was still going man. He was putting in some putting in some work J rod Roddy box to come on super Give away some break right here Give away some break right here. Thank you, mr. Walter grabbing four spots in the mixer Those are getting pretty close down those are going down there first one sold out second one is That's not the right products. What are we doing? Didn't know what I had up before All right, second one has 11 second one has 11 those are our last Bowman's best spots for today Last Bowman's best spots for today are the mixers two Jumbos and two Bowman's best Rich wearing a robe. Oh, man. I did not see that. I did not see that. I think that was a few days ago. I do What do you move it up? Move it on up. I don't want to hear about it. Oh boy to the east side. There's a projections Alvarez I have seen rich in a robe. So 250 rookie Brett Beatty Spencer There's green and I nice one there guardians. Well been Francisca on the prospect auto very nice one there gardens Francisco got gray rod had J rod and then gray rod back to that. I know that's something There's a speckle shell act that one's gonna be Not great rod. That's gonna Henderson other Oriole nice one there on the shell act speckle Victor Medeiros and Toba Preach a two Walter grab some more spots go wall grab in the red socks and chrome black appreciate that sir There's a wave of gunner Henderson Seen a lot of Orioles in these last two last two cases. There's an auto. Can you go mess astros? There's a shell act rookie gunner and some 50 nice one there is a lava Ronald Acunia We go braves nice one there in the MVP die cuts of 50 Josh young rookie see you for us Later bud. Have a good night Have a good cheesesteak James Altman cheesesteak coma about nothing wrong with that hour Wrong with a little cheesesteak coma. Nope There's blue I length for a nice one there Rangers to 150. Hey, what's up shorts mark? What up shorts? Hey, what's up mark and auto is Tyler Freeman and 250 on the Randy Johnson set That's for the Guardians nice one there. I like those. I like that photography man. Oh, Randy can use a camera It's one there 250 for the Guardians Christian Vecchero What's up me? How we doing sir? Been a little bit. How you doing? There's a rookie Corbin Carroll without me Tommy Troy and Ninth year of college football. I did not see that so blood What that is a Justin Crawford real the real. It's how we do it in Miami It's crazy men playing boys. That's crazy There's a Dalton rushing base out of there for the Dodgers J blazing blazing. What up?  Let's get that bounty going that 375. We don't hit one. This is we'll keep on going It'll go 25 up each one. We don't hit one in so we will keep on rolling here He's the same. How did that happen injuries and stuff? I'm assuming like a a few pretty bad injuries probably Duh No, I didn't quicks. I did not see that the Vader rainbow. That's pretty sick. What what product was it from? Covey dear Anna Redshire here. He's nine years in college. Let's go, baby. He's a dozea McClain I say he's uh, hopefully he's getting at least a couple of degrees in nine years To get a couple degrees in nine years. I would think Here's a Oswald Osario Oswald the Wasario Dodgers Some people that's what it's on Joe to 299 Nolan Aranano, you know, Bobby Miller Got it Something it's a mookie bets wave something from galaxy. Nice. Nice. I like that Chrome galley. I like galaxy a lot man. I'm in on that. There's a refractor Davis and De Los Santos nice one there d-backs Good prospects got Francisco Yeah, guys just absolute football breaks for today. No other football. There's a shellac to Jew Jones your don Yt to half care to full cases by half cases so four half casers they masterpiece Michael Harris and rookie Yuri the projections Adley Rutchman refractor rookie Thank you, Jordan. Thank you Kyle taking spots it's like Jordan took one in our mixer and Kyle took a couple absolute and a Sunday Funday. Thank you, Mr. Kyle There's a auto it's gonna be a Mario boy the Mario boy he changed his auto quite a bit for the Phillies on the base J Ram That's true. That's true fishing auto This is our Montez and Yuri Perez. He did stick it out through the non-NIL years now He could probably get a good a few bucks We're the real camcoyer and you can't be tonight not green mini diamond There's a base on our refractor out of same little sio nice one there for the Orioles They're top international signing. That's awesome, man. I always thought about making a rainbow or something There's a Ethan solace. Just don't know what I don't know what Be tough to uh, you gotta start with the one-on-one. I think if you're trying to make the rainbow I wouldn't start I wouldn't start and then go hunting for the one-on-one. That'd be a tough one Good you have to kind of start with the one-on-one If you're going for a rainbow Yeah, guys ten teams left and tops chrome black just about the same in definitive later tonight about ten in each of those You get those ripping after some bowman's best and some mixers Hazy that's cool. Josh. I remember Kenzie sold a okia card at one point. She sold him a UFC card There's a masterpieces Jordan Walker and there's Coloss on the Projections Taj Pradly refractor. I remember seeing him a few years ago in Chicago to at the national He was walking around had a nice little crew of people following him. There's a joshka save itch Lou Jays The same name is you how like that. There's a rookie Davis Martin. There was a nice Corby Carroll to 199 rookie That's one of the d-backs and a refractor merino. There was a guy who came in the shop one day I forget what the names the guy was looking for but it was he was looking for one guy Just is because it was the same name same name news from the same country So he was uh, he was looking for him as they say a Suzuki wave Masatake Yoshida rookie It wasn't a very big like baseball prospect But he was looking for him just because it was his same name and from the same country There's a Spencer Jones. You go Yankees mr. Jesse again Spencer Jones refractor Matt McClain refractor Can I pre-pick now you gotta be here shady? You gotta be here There's a shellac cellist in and rather green refractor I'd let you if it was allowed shady, but that's gonna be against the rules there junior cammy You know me and Sean were sticklers for the rules speak for yourself There's a nice lava Andrew Vaughn for the white socks on the Randy Johnson Rookie Michael Harris ATL Michael pull my glasses up on that one ATL Michael Nato, thank you Travis taking an absolute spot Many diamond real to real a die-cut Bryce hop Bryce hop Freeman on the Randy Johnson set He actually means to be by himself really there's a real the real gunner And we have a Oscar Coloss to 299 and refractor gunner. I remember a lot of people went to his concert He actually set up a concert in Chicago for that same weekend so we could uh Get paid as well. Not a bad idea. There's a Henry Chevely on the auto Henry Chevely Brando Maya Yeah, I've seen Chumlia. He was at uh, he was at the Orlando Where they call it collect a con collect a con. He was here. He was signed some autos and walking around looking for stuff There's a scheme select Jackson holiday Yeah, Chumlee was uh, Chumlee was walking around a lot man. He was looking for something specific. I think he was looking at every booth blade laser laser laser And Michelle Michelle my fitness consigliary Thought Chumlee had no money to hire minions. Maybe maybe he just likes walking around Maybe just likes walking around. Thank you guys grind some bow and jumbo spots our mixer first one sold out second Is that single digits now single digits now? Thank you Kyle. Thank you Brian Yeah, it is I watched it the other day actually was on TV so three Jones masterpieces and Hunter Brown Fernando Todd's easy. I'm sure Sam hasn't seen it Actually, that's what he might have seen. That's what he might have seen. That's a big one Oh, nice one. There is a yellow lava of Max Clark. Very nice 37 to 75. We go Tigers Yeah, I'm with Sean on that one nice Max Clark And that's a insert auto 150 camcaller.  I like these.  Nice one there And Brad Beatty See the Volpe's in the last one Gold Volpe Otto and a shellac to 25. Oh gee the same one Is a Drew Jones, Randy Johnson set a coon yet? No super though. No, not yet. Not yet. We'll get it. We'll get it There's a Jackson holiday on the wave just in Casas refractor We'll get a super gone. We sab came in like three seconds before we're about to end it We're like Sam say a name Say any name. All right, Jacob for for what product base gave Martinez They're telling this Jacob you talking about a bowman's vest There is camcaller shellac over can James Outland refractor Thank You Chuck by the spot in ice hockey and Brian D. I think I already said that but thank you Maybe there's Mazataka projections. Shea Langler's refractor Need a super I know if it's not I'm trying. I'm trying We'll get one Ariel Castro on the base auto Just gotta bring jaker back. He was pulling one of ones all day. It's true. It's true And we got two random teams next and we have a couple of mixers So we got a good chance today showing that no Carlos Perez rookie to 250 Colson Montgomery And LDB on the refractor gold standard or black NFL boxes definitely will not have more black NFL boxes Yeah, shit for ship it Michael we're down to our last case of that and I believe gold standard We are almost down to our last case as well There's a myrishindrick Martinez on the auto for the dodge Jacob Were you looking for just like a loose box or did you need a were you looking for a sealed case? the shellac of Francisco Alvarez right as Joe comes in If you were looking for a sealed case Jacob the answer is no If you're looking for just loose boxes shoot an email to latent sports cards at gmail.com. We should have a few round exactly Probably ship a few out. Yeah Alrighty guys box seven I didn't pull it on fanatics in like six cases I didn't one yesterday in four and a half cases and they didn't pull one yesterday either really Like four and then four is pulled four on the main channel. Yeah, it's late in sports cards at gmail Jacob if you do want to send a You want to send us an email about it? We got gentlemen. We'll see you boys Casey Schmidt on the projections got Oscar Colostre factor. Good work today, Joe Joe No, yeah, there's a base on a rookie of Gonzales Oscar Gonzales my trout refractor him Him Is drew Jones on the him that we found him driving lanes walking out the door Here we go d-backs on the short print him. I want is drew Jones. Yes one there Those are those are so sick. We found him. I do really like those. They have autos, too I want to say that is it very nice one there for the d-backs there you go d-backs him Oscar Coloste right as Lane was trying to leave.   Yeah retail has 10 kabooms. What do you mean, Devin? There's a there's a weave of natto family and it's an Irizzo You're gonna have the dog in you Baker does tonight now. I got netto and base auto moribito for the Mets Did you see the new shirts going around that say I got the dog in me and it's just a picture of the Costco Food court.  I've never felt worse in my life, but Joe Jones a fracture And my total cost of meat like food for the week was down like 300 Wow, it's not to talk on the real the real. Yeah, if you're gonna paint a dollar fifty each meal That ain't bad sweating out the meat dumps. I might have to I might have to roll my Costco every day now Oh boy Shane's here Skydiving's here Skydiving's here. How are we doing skydiving? I need to be practicing right now Thank you. Thank you guys taking spots in those mixers That's one way to do it. I need to valve this for the cubs that good. I think I've been I've tried that one Would have benefited maybe yeah We got some bowman's best we got some absolute got two case absolute We got a definitive case a topscore on black case. Let me a good one.  That is not a good auto. It is not a good auto is there any cheeks Alrighty box that have some more respect for yourself. It's your name seven Come over Costco roast beef sandwich. You can't say I've had that I've had the chicken bacon the pizza I think that's about it. I might have had a hot dog and I've never messed with the sandwiches The one in uh, the one in alzma you can actually go to the food court without being a member You can just go It's right by the crib. Yes, absolutely. You see that brinley kids used to go there and get lunch Joey in the Costco every day Okay, but moving here guys Come on super Here's a mania bonilla projections.  Have they oh boy I mean they played the jets and the canucks who were like literally the best two teams in the west and they Yeah, select sell us into 150 and auto jaco berry and they blew a game the other night against Yeah, I saw oils and oilers and uh cracking a bit on nice winstreaks. They both been They're starting to figure it out. Yeah, there's a um, you went to vargas select and a refractor corpsman carol Costco poutine that is uh, that's not sold here. I'm in on that though. Oh, Joe That is not sold here. There's a salis. We got the chicken bake though And do have the chicken bake tommy troy to 299 and refractor bulky.  There's a e o n g vargas speckled making stuff up now real the real and game arena No, I believe in Canada. They probably got some poutine up there Probably It's a real the real brand in my a or brando. It's changes every couple cards bad poutine bad. No, I've only had good poutine Only a good one. Uh, there's a auto on burrito guardians And refractor max clark Yeah, I've seen that aficionado. I've seen that move. I don't know if I'm about that. I don't know oscar colas on the rookie um Rookie speckle and a adley rushman shellacked and tonight on I just want the dim hot dog dude. Yeah hot dog alone is good. Not probably good enough. We don't need to go Go crazy about it. It's freaking hot dog. Alrighty box number eight box number eight I mean, what are we doing? Thank you maricio grabbing a personal. We'll get that going later, sir And um edward grabbing a mixer spot that one is close. What are we at? So that second mixer to uh bowman jumbo's and two bowman's best is uh Chop buys down so I don't know again. Yeah white screen So I don't know it's it's at single digits. I know that we're gonna have one see the front end of the site Yeah, we're gonna have one of them We're gonna have one of them. Oh, yeah, she gone. Yep. She's down again Uh three to go three to go in that second mixer our last um bowman's best spot today It's two bowman's best in two jumbos Luckily we got random teams next so You can't print but nope. I can at least do the randoms and stuff I do last one here guys Yeah, I've seen poutine on uh There's a gunner hinderson at like kfc and stuff in in canada logan uh logan a hop in the refractor Obviously a lot more uh a more popular down there There is a germy panion on the um, what the hell is put a speckle to uh 2.99 and a Diego cartea What what is it? You don't know what it is? No, it's uh just fries with cheese curds and gravy It's pretty fire Pretty fire You can add other stuff to it. Obviously andrew vaughn. Javi faez. That's the base of it though Some gravy, some french fries and some cheese Like a brown gravy I guess that can vary as well. There's a wevo yo andrew vargas. Yeah, I don't know. Yeah, he didn't know he didn't know There's uh freddy freeman It's fire. It's fire There's a auto hector rodriguez for the reds The sweet corn pizza that's right michael. I forgot about that I have no idea what i'm doing too. That's chicken and sweet corn pizza Do they blake? Where at? There's a george valera On the uh speckle and a shellax. That one's gonna be pirata or no hauk hauk Calling hauk eithan solace refractor. That's a blake. How we doing today? blake Rolo Mcflurry. I'm down with that. That sounds pretty good There's a james wood projections refractor a bryce hoppa cauliflower cheese pizza, huh? That's nope That's a no quick no from shawn. There's a colby thomas on the base soda last few packs here guys Yeah, so you add meat stuff like that. I'm in on poutine. There's a rookie matt mervis A glamour shop by randy johnson and a 50 nolyn gorman or sorry 75 yellow uh yellow lava Yeah, I like rolo's those are those are solid shawn's so fussy That's right. That's right. Uh michael the spencer jones real the real he'll get he'll warm up now I'm going today. We're gonna teach an old dog new trick. There's a base out of willy faunas for the mets matt shaw and last pack here guys 24 karat gold wings. Oh boy And there's michael harris atl michael shellacked on the back All righty all righty there guys that will do it for um full case moments pass number 13 Just one second here guys. We'll do a kick head recap and then we will be on to the random team style And we did not hit a super so we are up to 400 hit two yesterday So we had two bounties given out yesterday. We're gonna keep it going here and try to hit as many as we can Appreciate everybody grabbing spots today really uh moving nicely Thank you. Alex grabbing one in our Next mixer that is down to one to go one to go our last moment's best of the day Yeah, the uh Shopify man not good Thank you, steven. I think you might have closed it. I think steven might have closed it No, one does go still steven was the last one Thank you. Matthew taking a couple bowman chroma Um basketball spots released tomorrow So we'll do a quick recap here guys to 2.99. We had oscar colas natto marcello mire to 250 Montgomery bonilla baby 1.99 was brice harper corbin carol to 150 celestin wide langford to 99 abram Senga netto and cammy have to 50 ronda cunha uh to 75 nice max clark and 75 nolyn gorman We have base auto willy funnes Coby thomas hector rodriguez the ego cartaya burrito jacob barry gave martinez um That was denicci valdez. Nelson orata moribito Gonzales martinez That one's ariel castro martinez chevely harris spencer jones geosca savish uh basayo marion boyd de los santos asario russian kenny gomez or hey gave gonzales Yeah shorts. We got uh, we got two full cases of absolute later We got two half casers or four half casers So two full cases coming for the guardians. We had tyler freeman on the randy johnson set to 150 camp collier to 150 maloy to 99 well in francisca 75 was puqua grego and gave gonzales to 50 and we had a him Two jumps on the very uh super short print him Alrighty there guys that will do it for um case number 13 pick your team style We'll get a randomizer setup and do a random for number 14 here. Just a second


I flattened the attention page to what we had to say about the situation in the United States. It's true that I'm really a student of society and of people rather than a student of water or water management. But my audiences have been flattening enough to pay attention even if I appear to address issues much wider than water, which I shall be doing today. I should point out though that there is a school of thought in the United States that believes that Obama wouldn't have made it but for the storm a week before the election. So in other words, water helped him. Water helped him along. And it's definitely an arguable point of view because it gave him an opportunity to appear, to be in charge and to be in control of affairs at a time where Israel didn't know what to do, to compete. But my themes would be wider than water, but on the other hand, narrow in the sense that I will address perspectives from an Islamic and from an African point of view. So I'll address some of the issues here. I'll have to leave.