This review summarizes the development of heteroatom-doped carbon-based electrocatalysts derived from metal organic frameworks, MOFs, for oxygen reduction reaction, ORR, highlighting their superior catalytic activity in intrinsic properties. The enhancement of ORR performance is associated with a well-designed porous structure, large surface area, and high-density active sites. Future perspectives include the development of a clear mechanism for non-metal and metal-doped electrocatalysts. This article was authored by Qian Ren, Hui Wang, Xue Feng Lu, and others.


We'll do the dialogue part of the show now, again, it's a focus on your work and your creative process. So does anybody have any questions or answers? I'm remembering your name. Thanks for joining me, that's cool. Anybody? What's your name? Christy. Hi Christy. I'm wondering, you know what the end is? Is that writing? Do you know how to kind of unknow the end? I mean, I'm new at this. Okay. I'm doing my first big project. Okay. And I don't know how to kind of unknow the end as I'm going through it. It's a discovery for people along the way. That's a problem. I don't know how to explain it very well. No, no, no. So Christy, you were writing a play and you know the end. Okay. And that's a problem. To discover along the way how to get there? Right. It's good. It's good because you have been given a gift from what it sounds like because she says I know the end and that feels like it's a problem. You're perceiving it as a problem. It's a great thing. You know where you're going. I mean, how many of us can say you know where you're going. You know where the play is going, which is a great thing. So, you say you're relatively new there to play writing. Cool. I would say that knowing the end is a good thing. And it doesn't diminish the discovery along the way. You know, if we say, do you know the beginning? Okay. Oh, sure. So, because like here you are in New York City, you want to end up in Santa Monica at the Santa Monica Pier, right? You have the beginning, you have the end, and now it's the road trip. That's what you don't know about, which is like just thinking of it like a road trip. So it's totally, if you didn't know the end, you know, or couldn't decide on an end, that would be tricky because we say here we are in New York City and we're going somewhere, getting the car. All of the place, right?  So it's really good. So just make up steps along the way. Yeah, yeah, just make us at first, you know who the characters are. Much, you know, okay? And they might be people all the way. But first they do this, and then they do this, and then they do this, and then they do this. Or there could be 20 steps, you know, it could be eight or whatever, you know, there could be five. So if you would, you know, keep checking in or continuing to come back and then you can check up on this, you know what I'm saying? But that's all great, okay. You have a game plan, like I want to, I'm spending 20 minutes a day on thinking about this or you have some kind of a paint plan. Okay, that's good, that's good. Every day or days you want to go visit.  Do you build a lot of back stories? Yeah. I think this also is picking me up and it's kind of like doing all this background work which is great and it's fun in a way. But I also kind of know what they're going to do. I kind of know the characters that they're going to develop for themselves. Right. And I'm just wondering how much do you rely on back story in a given moment? Right, yeah. So Chris is asking about back story and how much back story do you need in a given moment? It depends on what the moment is. You know what I mean? If you want to, if you're seeing is that, you know, Joe walks up to, or Jamie walks up to Joe and punches him in the face. That's actually saying you might want some back story, or maybe not, maybe you'll tell the back story after you see that first pull. You know what I mean? So it depends on what you want to look at. If you don't feel like you need it, then you probably don't need it. Until you feel like you might need it and then you probably do. In the light of things. Sure. Anybody else? I write, I tend to have a series of images in place first. Right. And I was wondering if you had any advice on how to bring them into conversation with each other or how to get from point A to point B with them because they're not even... It's more tangible than story based. And I don't know how to brass tackle with creating a story about these things that are important to me. I hear you're drawing them now. Yeah. That's really cool. When you draw a series of images, and you also know how to get to point A to point B to sort of connect them, are the images involving the same things and the same characters? Some of them will be very unrelated. But I feel like there's something important between them that I want to discover. I don't know how to go about that. Do you know what they're doing in each picture or image? Yeah. It's usually one in one. This is a lot of it. Okay. It's usually one. It's usually like two things in an image. Okay. Do they speak? Sometimes. Sometimes. Sometimes they're people. Sometimes they're people. Sometimes they're not. Do you see it as like a graphic novel? It's a play. It's a play. Okay. So you can employ stage directions for things that don't speak. So you can describe what you have. So try, it's going to be a play. Then try writing it out. So you attach the image and you can easily, you can just upload the image on your computer and have that as part of the text. And then you can describe it if they're not speaking for you. A chair on stage with a typewriter. And you can just describe what happens. But if they speak, you can try to give them dialogue. You can try to realize every image that you have first and then see how they might fit together. You see what I mean? Just give them each a realized life on paper.  Let's see. I know someone's working on it. Every, you know, they're pouring the ice into a bucket. But, okay. So you're going to get a life on the page and then you can start to see how they fit together. Okay. Try that. Try school. Action and action. How do we start writing? Rather than a kind of in terms of writing. Can I talk about writing? No. The concept of action and inaction. You're asking me to talk about my play. I said, number one, I have no memory of it. Right now. So I don't know. You tell me what it's about and I'll try to figure out what you want to know. It's because I don't know. I can't remember. It was like eight years ago. Right ahead, there's a lot of things, but I don't know what you're going to know. But keep talking. In yoga? Yes. Still yes. Okay. Okay. I mean, I know it's very clear and I know I must have been thinking about it back when I left this place and that was a long time ago. I would have doubted her. I'm sorry. I don't know. I don't know. What's your name? You shouldn't understand it. What are you talking about? About stillness. Action and stillness. Racially. And stillness again. The character doesn't move at all. Oh, okay. That's a statue, right? Or it makes a good statue. Right. It do not move. Which one without words? How do you show the action that's going on within that character? So do you have a character in your play that does not move? Are you thinking about having a character in your play that does not move? I made a short piece. A character that does not move? Yeah. Okay. And within a moment on stage? Within a whole art installation of that character. Oh, cool. Oh, cool. And was there anything on stage that was moving or speaking? To start with, no. Right. Have you seen The Winter's Tale? A Winter's Tale? The Winter's Tale. The Winter's Tale. That one. I'm just thinking that's going to be right away. I saw it when I could think of someone as a statue but she's really the new person. But she's really a statue. And people... But we get information from the character by people moving around. People moving around. Sorry, I'm not so good with concepts. Even if I... Because I'm like 10 years old. Yeah, I have no idea about, you know... I'm sorry. I don't know. I don't know. But, you know, characters can be revealed through movement, through gesture, through things they say. You know all this already. And someone can be very loud and be very still. And someone around them can be moving. Or you can just have someone very still on stage. That can convey a lot. But I don't know how many concepts there are. When we connect with a character, like in something that we're doing. And that was... For me, that's like a whole month. For me, the eight years is like the main thing. Long time. Like, that was before working best and that was before the tsunami in Japan. I'm talking a lot about it. I'm going to get lucky. Anybody else have a question? Yeah, Stacy. I almost never start out with the way of thinking about the world of the play. Right? But I have this play now where I thought that the world of the play first, as far as we're at this issue. Right. And now I'm kind of having difficulty because I know that I want one character to be the protagonist. But right now, she doesn't feel all that active. Like, the show kind of opens... Remember how they used to do that really awesome aerial shot of Mr. Rogers' neighborhood? And you'd see all the little houses and public taverns. Let's go. Okay? Okay. It's just this very... But the intention of the world being set that way is because the protagonist makes the very kind of almost childlike way about very adult things. Okay. So that's why it's kind of a function of her imagination. Okay. But for some reason I can't get her active in the story. Like, she should, over the course of the week, that it's set. Oh, maybe she's either one, she's not a protagonist. Did you say that about another figure, right? Yes, I had that problem a lot, I mean. No, that was a screenplay. That was a screenplay. So it's totally... No, it's not. I've come to find that it's not. This one, yeah, I am having a similar problem is that I did have this one, but it's actually feeling like it's more about the entire neighborhood. But then, with that in mind, it doesn't seem like that world or that setting is functioning as a result of the being almost like a device more than a real product or something that's driven by character which outweighs the problem. Right, so if you have a device and it's not working, what do you need to do? Yeah, I would say, I would suggest that. I would suggest that.  She's not like someone who's in the town. She has an aerial, I would say, totally let go of that. You have to let go of that. It's like they have them in India and I'm sure in other parts of the world they have this method for catching monkeys. And what they do is they hollow out a coconut. They put a little piece of food in it. You know this method? No. They put a little piece of food in the coconut, you know.  And he sticks his hand in the coconut and they grab onto the food. The coconut is like in the tree.   And they hang out there trying to get the food and all the hunter has to do is come around and just get them. Because they can't, they will not leave. They could leave easily by just letting go and climbing down the tree and running. But they're hanging on to the hand. So I just let go of it and see what else is out there for you. You know, so you can, so you can get. And I know it's a good trip. If you ever want to catch, you know. Catch my nephew though. Okay, you can catch your nephew. There you go. Invite us to have him. What's your name? My name is Michelle. Michelle. Okay, hi. So Michelle is kind of thinking of writing something. You're thinking of writing. Did you say musical play? Is that a play? A play. A play. She's thinking of writing a play. Amanda, help all of you. She's thinking of writing a play and she ordinarily, usually, her day-to-day is writing poetry. And now you're like, I'm thinking about writing something. Uh-oh, am I doomed? Well, yeah, I suppose the world won't end. You know what I'm saying? So, you know, he's thinking about writing something. Is that the mark of, like, the end of all creativity and joy? Okay. The automatic, sensational thing. Yeah. Yeah. We don't want to say that was valuable. We don't want to take too many movies. Yeah, I think so. Like Dr. Javago, when he breaks it, you know, he goes into the house or whatever. And he takes the pen and there's an inkwell. He begins to write. And we're like, yo, dude, the ink is frozen because it's freezing cold in that part of the restaurant where you're at, right? Right? But no, the inspiration is so hot, it's writing. Jesus, Jesus, no, no. I mean, sure, art happens that way, but not always. You know? Not always. I mean, I would say most artists, painters, writers, photographers, musicians, everybody, every, all the artists, answers, everybody, you think that, you know, first of all, it's like, I gotta feel it. You know, I gotta feel inspired here before I go on stage. You know, it goes on stage, whatever the schedule is, right? Or any actor or any musician. It feels harmonic. Sometimes they are not in the mood. Right? And we, why do we think we need to be like, let it go, that's another thing. That's a thing that's gonna keep you in the tree up there with the coconut. Right? And time will pass by and you'll write not as much as you could if you show up every day and have a game plan and hit it.   You know? You get into the mood when you jump in, right? The gun goes out, go! And you run. Right? That's what we should strive for. That kind of dedication. You know? So the music shows up. But she shows up when you show up. Not necessarily through the way around. Okay? So you're planning to write a play. So you've got a game plan, you've got a title, you've got some characters. What do you mean? You're going to see plays when you can. When you can, you can afford it.  No. That's like uncool, right? That's like, oh my God, I have a schedule. I don't cheat. That's gross, you know? I have a schedule. I always have a schedule. Oh my gosh. And when the inspiration comes and miraculous things happen, yay!  I just show up and do the work. You know? And the work is the like, oh my God.  It doesn't matter. Here you are. It's going to be so, so have a, get a writing schedule. Maybe a five day, week writing schedule, right? Does it help? The part of the book. Yes. Yes, it does. It helps. It helps. Yeah. Yeah, a daily writing schedule, something we hit, Carol every day, or five days a week. It doesn't have to be long, 30 minutes a day, is good enough.  And I'm writing now. And try to make it around the same time every day. I'm going to spend 30 minutes thinking about my new life. It's a product. Then the magic. That's the magic. That's the magic. That's the magic. That's the magic. That's the magic. That's the magic. That's the magic. That's the magic. That's the magic. That's the tool. I tell you, in my experience, I think that's okay. That's a good point, Carol. That's okay to switch from one way of writing to another. You know, it's all kind of the same. You can write songs, draw pictures, you know, write plays, write poems. You have the right to do that. And planning your day around your creativity is really cool. That's where it gets very thoughtful over there. There are thousands of plays. It's really not the same number. Do you want to see it? It's just an incredible user. What a best thing about music. That's great. That's great. The Lincoln Center Library Performing Arts. Library Performing Arts. You can go and see plays. They have an archive on paper. You can do whatever. Yeah, they do. That is a great business. If you have research, you know, we're all working. Yeah, you should. You can just say, I'm just looking at one act play. So, I need to care for play. So, you can deal with any issue. That's great. You ready? You ready to go? Okay, we're good. Thank you, Jamie. Thank you, guys. Bye. Bye.


Welcome back to the ITU headquarters here in Geneva, the second day of the AI for Good Global Summit. I'm joined now by a senior researcher at Facebook, Mr Fasciste. Hello. Hello. So tell me, why is Facebook here? So, myself and other people from Facebook are here because Facebook has a department, a research department on AI, tackling all sorts of problems. So, we are a key player in this field and that's why when it's about AI for Good, we have to be here to discuss the problems and see how we can contribute. Wouldn't AI for Good in your particular field, what do you mean by that? AI for Good means everything we can do, all the developments of AI that can contribute in making our society better, improving people's life, having a direct positive impact in people's life, it can be in various forms. There are several applications that are being developed by the community in general and at Facebook in particular, ranging from helping visually impaired people, for example, to better serve the internet and find the relevant information to them, or improving people's life through healthcare or natural language processing, for example. So, there are a lot of applications that are being done by the community. But Facebook is a social media website. What's that got to do with healthcare, for example? Healthcare, I just cited healthcare as an application that is of interest to the community in general. But Facebook AI Research, which is the organization that I work for, is interested in all sort of problems, including healthcare problems potentially. So, we're interested in fundamental problems of AI and solving these problems can have ramifications and applications in all different fields, including healthcare. But we're interested in all of the problems pertaining to AI. And what do you want the delegates to come away from after these three days? So, my personal interest in this summit is to discuss and make sure people are aware of certain biases in the community because most of the challenges that are tackled by our community are what I call the white guy problems. So, we are solving problems that are in general specific to male and in general specific to European and North American people. There are a lot of important problems to be solved in the developing world, in Asia, in Africa and elsewhere. And these problems are at least as important as most of the problems that we are solving now. But there is an inherent bias due to the fact that the community is solving problems that are driven by the available data sets. So, it is important that we are aware of these problems and we try to pay more attention to the impact that we can have at a global level. And just to conclude, are they listening? Are they what? Are people listening? It's difficult because we have our habits. So, but I believe most of the people who are here, especially the researchers, are very interested in this question. So, I hope it will get better. Okay. Well, thank you, Mr. Fah. Thank you very much. That's Mr. Fah Sisi, who is a researcher at Facebook, who's here with a small delegation from the social networking site to talk about some of the problems he's referred to, including the white man problem in Europe. Thanks again. Thank you very much.


Still, the breakfast and plus TV Africa, welcome back, just as the Ocean State All Progressives Congress is about to hold its primary election in the state on Saturday. The internal wrangling in the state is far from over, as a former governor of the state Raouf Aregbeshola and the incumbent governor of Ocean State Oyetola Boega are at loggerheads as they battle for supremacy. They have been accusations from both groups against each other, and it remains to be seen if they would sheet their thoughts before the primary election Saturday as a question on the minds of many people. Joining us now to discuss this are members of the All Progressives Congress in Ocean State. We would like to welcome at this point Mr. Dela Ni Baderiwahi, Secretary of Ocean State APC. He is also from Raouf Aregbeshola faction, if you permit me to say that. And Mr. Kolalabisi is a media consultant to the Ocean State governor. Gentlemen, thank you very much for your time and thanks for joining us. Let's start from Mr. Baderiwahi Dela Ni. What's former governor Raouf Aregbeshola's issue with the current governor and of course with him his political benefactor, the leader of the All Progressives Congress, Bola Metunibu. He's called him a god recently. Thank you very much. The situation with us in Ocean is like when somebody spent eight years with you as the chief of staff and it didn't raise the eyebrow. As a cabinet commissioner, I am aware that anything that goes through Raouf as a governor must first of all pass through the chief of staff. Anything that is coming back to the commissioner must pass through the chief of staff. Therefore the former chief of staff and the current governor was in charge and there wasn't any problem for the whole of eight years. Evening rays are now brought at anything and we want to stay with us in the sense of responsibility that we found it out of place and to a large extent some sort of wickedness for him to become the governor and now start to condemn almost all the projects they did together, almost all the programs they did together, almost all the policies formulated together, become an object of condemnation and we felt, you know, if we continue like this, we won't get anything to campaign with. When Chifakode was governor and he was rigged out of office, part of what Raouf and Rebekah Shula used in campaigning when he came was the projects, policies and programs of Chifakode. Now if you rubbish all those programs, now what are we going to campaign with? That is on one hand. On the other hand, the party, the APC notion had been, you know, in crisis within itself with nobody, especially the outcome party chairman, you know, not doing anything about it. Almost all the 31 local governments in the state had crisis within the party and not one was resolved for that long. We felt it imperative for us to recreate the APC in the state of Osho and then to make sure that yes, we get it right. If you want to go to a place, you have a vehicle that doesn't have tire, that doesn't have brake. God save you if you'll be able to get to your destination and we felt Osho APC has to be recreated and that was the reason why we came up with the idea of forming ourselves into the Osho Progressives. In which case, we knew what we were talking about. All of the people working with the present government were actually, you know, people from other parties, particularly the PDP, to come and join us after we have won the election. We have to bring in your counterpart at this point. So what you're saying is that... I've not finished the point that I'm making and I'm not sure we are too over time. So can you just maybe summarize it in one sentence because of time? We have about five to six minutes. Well, it's impossible for me to summarize it in one sentence, otherwise. But let me help you, sir. But you are saying basically, yeah. I am saying to you that the party was in the midst in Christ's and that the fact that nothing was done about it, up until when we started raising eyebrow and we were not even going to do anything by ourselves. We wanted to consult so that we carry everybody along. The current governor was not home when we started. We had to squeeze criticism. Who came along? Okay, shortly after we came back from former governor, everybody in the governor, the last cabinet, rose against us and they started, you know, attacking us, right left hand center. All right, so, you know, so, so this is where the whole aggravation of the problem started from. Okay, I'll call Ola Abisi. You've had from your counterpart, your colleague in the party. And what do you say to his own theory as to the reasons why former governor of Aribeshiola is, you know, has been backing on this criticism of Tinibu and also governor Oyetola. Mr. Ola Abisi, are you there, please? OK, I would try to reconnect with Ola Abisi, who is the media advisor to the current governor of Washington State. But back to you, Mr. Dela Nia Badiwa. This this this reasons you've you've put forward as why former governor of Aribeshiola has been speaking or talking tough recently. For instance, I haven't been able to go to Aribeshiola yet. But some would say some would say it's yes, some would say, sir, it's simply about the control of the all-progressives Congress in in in in Osho State and the fact that in the local government and the warden local government congresses, Aribeshiola was not able to have his faction emerge and members of his faction emerge of CEDOS. We wanted to be the delegates and leadership ex-cov the party emerge. And that is the problem matters that are about three, four months ago. But I'm talking about issues that was over a year that had been honed for three years. They do not tell him in any way. I'm saying with all sense of responsibility, the fact that yes, we have a situation whereby the party has been in crisis all along. And in addition to that, that the governor came and shut out everybody that has anything to do with Aribeshiola. And nobody would be happy. The matter of politics is not about, you know, religion. It's about working and being, you know, paid back.  He came into the matter, you know, after a long week, thinking that, yes, things will be corrected. I'm aware that at one time or the other, I showed you intervene.  OK. But at the end of the day, yeah, it has to be that, yes, it's a it's a fight of survivor and you must survive within the political situation not because of anything, not because of any because tell you what, after all, it is not so many people that will always have the opportunity to be a governor for eight years and still become a minister almost immediately. And therefore, for anybody to think that he has any stake in ocean beyond that everything should be better. We should continue to be in government, you know, like he fought to turn near. OK, yes, I was waiting for you to land. Adela and I, I was waiting for you to land. But I have another question for you, because you don't have too much time. Why the attacks on Bola Mettinbo by Ralf Aribesha?  Some will say that Mettinbo is his political benefactor, because, of course, it was he was commission. Nothing. I do not think he attacked them. He only stated his own side of the case.  But in politics, he was not from Lagos State, but the terrible medium commission in Lagos State and then supported him to become governor in Osho State. By the time they met, he was contesting for the House of Representatives for a limo shofera constituency. When I showed you was contesting for the Senate seat for Lagos West. That was where they met under the purview of Chief Dakosha Sarumi, who had the primrose group then. And with that, he saw the innate capacity in him. And that was the reason why, you know, attracted him to his side. That is what happens in politics at all times. For me, for me, who is a smaller person? To a tribal scholar compared to a tribal scholar spoke by when he came into, you know, being a commissioner. I think it will be hard of place for anybody to say that he brought me from the daughters. I do not think it makes sense. And so he has to state his own side of the case, which he stated very well, you know, that yes, this is the situation between us. And I didn't see it as an attack. He was only making a statement of fact. All right. Anybody believe me? Mr. Baderiwa. Yeah, yeah. Thank you very much. But but Rao Faribah Shula is no longer the governor. He is no longer in power. Why does he? Yes. But why does he have an issue if the governor of the state decides to run his administration the way he deems fit? Does he want the governor to come consult him in Abuja on what to do per time? If the government decides to if the government decides to rubbish his projects, the only thing I want to put it to anybody who has fear of God in me to come and state once that I said that he wanted anything from me. That has not happened.  Well, well, you won't be happy if you work very hard to make certain things happen. And you have somebody kicking it around wanting to destroy it. You won't be happy. Nobody will. I tell you, and I know that you will not be happy having such a situation. But but but the mechanisms for the party or for anybody who is aggrieved in a party to to to, you know, come out and control things and be in charge is through the processes of the primaries or the congresses right from the world level to the local government level. And then you go to the state level. And unfortunately for you and those in your side of the party, the ocean progressives, I read by Schellas, people have lost out. But the party is saying everything was transparent and and that's it. So why can't you submit to the party's processes and to say, OK, we lost out? We need to see the outcome of such decisions. I am aware, I am not a kid in politics. Point is about give and take. Nobody gives a straight line rule in political, you know, resolution of crisis. And I want to say with all sense of responsibility that yes, let us wait and see the outcome of what has been done. All right. Thank you very much. We will certainly bring you back tomorrow, sir. So we can have a robust, more robust discussion with your colleague from the other side. But Delaney Baderiwa is the secretary of the All Progressives Congress in Ocean State. Thank you very much for your time, sir. My pleasure, my brother. Thank you. Well, it's quite a very, very serious and hinted one in Ocean State. That's the secretary of the party in the APC going against his own political party, essentially. We will talk about the primary election for the All Progressives Congresses on Saturday in Ocean State. So we'll be watching what happens there. Thank you very much for your time. That said, on the breakfast this morning on Plus TV Africa, you can follow us on our social media pages, simply Central Plus TV Africa on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. And of course, on YouTube, where you can watch all our programs and all our content. My name is Kofi Beteros, return tomorrow. Thanks for watching and have a great day.


OK, so there are at least three interesting ways that we can decompose our variational energy, variational free energy, I should say. And we'll look at them in turn, but I'll show you all of them right here at the outset. So the first one is a decomposition into the expected energy and the entropy. We've already seen that. That's how we introduced the variational free energy by replacing the posterior by q of theta in every place where it appeared. So we can use other ways to decompose variational free energy. And a second way is to decompose it into the Colbeck-Leibler divergence between the approximate posterior q of theta. The true posterior p of theta given y and m minus the true free energy, the negative log of the model evidence. Third way to decompose it is into the Colbeck-Leibler divergence of the approximate posterior and the prior minus the expectation of the likelihood, of the log likelihood, which we can call accuracy. And this here we can call complexity. And then it becomes a trade-off between complexity and accuracy. Who knows? Yes, the second one is this one on the second line. We'll go into them in turn in the next few slides. So I don't know why this apparently the current version of PowerPoint for Mac has font issues. And I don't know why this doesn't work and why the title is in the wrong font. But this is since I made an update to PowerPoint. And they haven't come up with a solution yet. But I hope you can decipher this. So this says complexity and this says accuracy. And this is the Colbeck-Leibler divergence between the approximate posterior and the true posterior. Who knows what a Colbeck-Leibler divergence is? So about a third of you. We'll see the definitions in a few slides. But just very quickly, the Colbeck-Leibler divergence is a measure for how different two probability distributions are. But it is not a distance measure. Because mathematically, a distance needs to be symmetrical. So the distance from A to B must be the same as the difference from B to A. And this is not the case in the Colbeck-Leibler divergence. So you get a different number, whether you put cube theta first or whether you put the posterior first. But it is a measure for how dissimilar two distributions are. And it is 0 if they are equal. And it's always positive, but not significant. Triangle inequality, does it fulfill it? I guess not. So the first decomposition, as we saw, this is expected energy minus entropy. And it illustrates the mathematical analogy to statistical mechanics. And it tells us, this is the most important property of this, that we can calculate the variational free energy. Because it only contains terms that we know. We know cube theta because we put cube theta in. We chose cube theta. And we know the log joint, which is this here. Log p of y and theta given m. This is the log joint probability. Here, you've got it again. And we know this because it's the product of the likelihood and the prior. And this is our model. We chose the model. We chose cube theta. Therefore, we know all the quantities in here. And we can calculate AB. So it's a quantity accessible to us. The second decomposition. Now, here we take this Colbeck-Liebler divergence. And this is the definition of it. So it's probability distribution 1 with respect to probability distribution 2. And then you take the expectation under probability distribution 1 of the ratio of the two probability distributions.  So it's basically the expected surprise of probability distribution 1 under probability distribution 1. So it's entropy minus the other way around. It's the expectation of the surprise of probability distribution 2 under distribution 1 minus the expected surprise of the entropy of probability distribution 1. Yes, there are many measures that try to achieve that. But since this is very useful and also drops out in terms like the ones we used, this one is probably the most popular. So a simple way to symmetrize it would be to take the mean of KL of P1 with respect to P2 and KL of P2 with respect to P1. Then you've got a symmetrical measure. Now, the second decomposition again shows that AB is always greater than or equal to A for all q because the divergence is non-negative. This is a positive term. And this here, including the minus sign, is A. So we have A plus a KL divergence. And this means this has to be higher. This has to be the greater number than A unless our divergence is 0. But if our divergence is 0, this means that q of theta and p of theta given y and m are the same. And this is the case when our approximate posterior is equal to the true posterior. And that's another way to see that by minimizing the difference between the approximate posterior and the true posterior, AB goes closer to A and the other way around. As AB goes closer to A, this thing here shrinks. So that's how we can infer the posterior. We move AB, we wiggle around q of theta so that AB goes closer to A, goes down. And if it goes down, we know it's going closer to A. And that means our approximate posterior is going closer to our true posterior. That's the magic of this. Now the third decomposition of AB of the variational free energy shows you why it is a good measure of model performance. We want to score our models. We want to find out how good they are. And you may know measures of model scoring like the Akaike information criterion, AIC, or the Bayesian information criterion, the BIC. And this is the one that stands behind them because they are approximations to this one. We will see this in a moment. So let's go for this simple one. The accuracy is simply the expected log likelihood on the cube. So this is an expectation value and this is the log likelihood. So how much error do we expect when we use this model? That's a measure we get out of the second term there, the accuracy. Now you might say, isn't it better to have as little error as possible? Shouldn't we just minimize the error and maximize the accuracy? Forget about complexity. Just do that. What's the problem with that? Yes, we'll end up with a very complex model. What exactly does that mean in practice? Overfitting, exactly. We'll be overfitting. Let me just draw a picture of overfitting. So here is our horizontal axis called this y. And now let's make some observations here. This is an observation. This is an observation. This is an observation. This is an observation. This is an observation. This is an observation. This is an observation. OK, so all of our observations have been in this region here. Now should I make an observation here? I'm going to give you the point. Let's say here. Going to make an observation here. Going to move my piece of chalk upwards and you shout stop when you think I'm in a region where an observation is plausible. Going to make an observation here. Going to make an observation here. I think you get the game, right? So everybody's laughing because this is vastly implausible here. OK, yeah. So you get the game. Now, but let's forget about these invented observations because I only invent these, but we actually made these observations. Now, if we have a perfectly fitting model, then let me get another column, then this perfectly fitting model might look like. So let's fit some kind of polynomial to this one. Shall we go about this? So perhaps we could have a polynomial that comes up from here, then goes up very steeply, goes to the sky, comes back down from the sky, and then does something like this, goes back up to the sky, comes back from the sky, and goes down straight to hell. So now this model would predict a point here somewhere in New Zealand. Well, I didn't want to imply that New Zealand is hell, but it would make widely implausible predictions. So there is a trade-off between fitting your data points exactly with your model and making good predictions. So a plausible model here would simply be to say, well, this is my model, and then we have some noise on our observations. This is what's called overfitting, taking a model that fits your data exactly but doesn't make good predictions. And that is why we cannot simply look at the expected log-like theory. We also have to take into account complexity. And complexity is the divergence between the approximate posterior Q and the prior. So it's a measure for how much the model has to distort itself, how much it has to update its prior in order to get to the posterior. So people often speak of this as model complexity, but this is slightly misleading. It is actually the complexity of the data to this particular model. So the same data can look very straightforward to one model and very complex to another model. And the model that it looks complex to is the one that has to tie itself in knots in order to understand, in order to fit these data. So remember, this complexity is actually complexity of the data to a certain model. How complex do these data look to this model that I'm scoring? And of course, our red model here has lots of parameters. So in order to fit a polynomial to these points here, we need at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 parameters plus an intercept. And so we have to fit many more than for this straight line where we can just use an intercept and a slope. Plus, if you look at the coefficients of this polynomial here, they will be huge. So you would have a large complexity. You would have to move, you have many parameters, and you will have to move them far from their prior values to get a well-fitting posterior. This illustrates how you minimize surprise, because that was our point of departure. The true free energy AV is the surprise of the model at the data. And to be least surprised, you need to find the right balance between complexity and accuracy, because then you're making good predictions. So a good model is one that makes good predictions. And this means that inferences, based on currently available data, have to generalize to new data, as we did in our little exercise here. There are two dangers here that have to be balanced and avoided. One is seeing patterns where there are none. That's what we did here without fitting. In overfitting, you're basically fitting noise. So the deviations from the green line, you can't see it's green, but it's supposed to be green, the one that's going up here. The deviations from the green line, that's just noise. We have a generative process here. That's a straight line. And then we have some noise in our observational generation. And if you fit an exactly fitting model, as in the red line, then you're fitting noise. So you're seeing patterns that aren't actually there. And the other danger, of course, is to miss patterns that are actually there. And one way to do that would be to fit a model with too little complexity. This also exists. And in this example here, that would be simply taking a constant. Or if we look at our observations, I should draw the constant further down. So that would have too little complexity. But in general, if we increase our accuracy, we pay a price in complexity. And we have to find the sweet spot where the two align perfectly. So the principal reason why AB is a good measure of model quality is that the difference in AB is an approximation to the log base factor. The base factor is simply the model evidence of one model, probability of model 1 divided by probability of model 2. This is the base factor. This is often used to score different models. So this has to be the same. We can only compare how different models fit the same data set. So y is the same data set here. And we compare model 1 and model 2. Now, a difference in the log of this, if we take the log of this, then we have log p of y given m1 minus log p of y given m2. And now AB is an approximation to these. So this is A, the exact A. So this is actually approximately minus AB because the minus sign belongs to it. But we can compare models by looking at the difference in variational free energy. So we can score them according to their variational free energy. And the AIC, the Akaike information criterion and the BIC, the Bayesian information criterion, are approximations to this that use the exact same accuracy term but use a simple heuristic for the complexity term. In the Akaike information criterion in the AIC, this is the simplest possible approximation to complexity because it simply counts the number of parameters. Complexity in the AIC is the number of parameters. And in the BIC, it's a function of the number of parameters and the number of observations. A little illustration of this is here. So we want to minimize surprise. That's where our best model is, here, where surprise is minimal. And we minimize surprise by looking at the difference between complexity and accuracy. And this difference is minimal here. And you see how we can increase accuracy here by increasing the precision of the likelihood in this simple Gaussian model. Same kind of model we saw everywhere today. So we can increase, increase, increase, increase our accuracy. And this minimizes our surprise. But then at some point, if we increase accuracy further, we get an increase in complexity that makes our surprise look worse. Because we want surprise to be low. We don't want it to rise. Questions at this point? Yes, yes, yes. So that is, of course, a fundamental problem that you have to solve when building a model. So let's take an example from medicine. Exercise is healthy. That's what most people think. So if I stand here and I jump up and down three times, and now I do a study on many, many people who do this, and I want to find out, I watched them over decades, and I want to find out whether this increases or decreases the probability of dying of cancer, a parameter for that. And that parameter says is a multiplicative parameter that says by how many times my probability of dying of cancer was multiplied by jumping up and down. Now let's say I find that this parameter is 0.5. So jumping up and down three times halved my chances of dying of cancer. How plausible do you think that is? Very implausible, right? So if you put a prior on that parameter, you will be careful to choose it in a way that 0.5 is excluded. So you would take prior here. Let's call this parameter theta, as we often do. And you say, OK. Now if this decreased the chance of dying of cancer even by 1%, I would be very surprised. So I would put the scale here at 0.01, and here at 0.99. And then I would choose a prior like this. Because even in effect of this size is quite improbable. But let's say we'll be open-minded and choose a prior like this. But we would certainly not choose a prior that is very wide. We wouldn't have 1.5 here and 0.5 here. So what I'm trying to illustrate at the point I'm trying to make is it is often not quite true that you know nothing about the parameters you're trying to estimate. There is a point where you would be surprised to see the result. Where you would say, no, I don't think this is it. So choose your prior in a way that takes into account your background knowledge. For instance, your background knowledge of human health or your background knowledge of the field of physics that you're working in. There's always a lot of background knowledge. And you can use that background knowledge in defining your priors. And this will help you not to overfit. Because this is exactly what happens when you overfit. You get huge parameter estimates. So as far as we know, there is quite some prior knowledge in the sense of trying to avoid using the word hardwired. But at least to a large degree, evolutionarily determined the DNA and there are various other channels that can influence this. So you can, I mean, the embryonal cells that you grow out of contain much more than just DNA. But if you look at a little filly, a little horse that is newborn, it just stands up and walks around. So it does have some knowledge of how to navigate the world from the start. And at a very fundamental level, you have lots of prior expectations. So you have a prior expectation for what kind of surrounding temperature you will find yourself in. And you will move to areas that give you that temperature. Your blood pH level is within a very narrow range and your body reacts immediately when it goes outside that. So these are all kinds of, you can interpret them. And I think it's an important and extremely good way to generate insights about how biological agents behave by assuming they're acting to confirm their predictions. That you can actually build little models in silico and also little robots that exhibit adaptive behavior by programming them to fulfill predictions that they have. So if there aren't, no, I won't say it like that. Are there any further questions? So then I will give you an outlook on tomorrow. Variational of plus. So we've had the variational free energy here. And up to now, this queue here, our approximate posterior wasn't sort of filled, fleshed out, filled with any content. All I said about queue was that it's an arbitrary probability distribution. Now we're going to fill this queue with content. So we have our model. We want an approximate posterior. And we also want to be able to do variational inference of the kind illustrated here where we minimize AV. And variational Laplace is one way to do that. So it is shorthand for variational base under the mean field approximation and the Laplace assumption. We'll see what that is. And we'll work it out in detail on the blackboard. Now the mean field approximation is the assumption that the true posterior can be approximated by a queue of theta that factorizes across subsets of theta. This is something that was originally introduced in physics. And that's why it's called the mean field approximation. And it is simply the assumption that if you have a many-body problem and you're looking at the field generated, let's say, by three particles here, as soon as you change something about this particle and you look at how this particle influences this particle and you change something about it, this also affects how this particle influences this particle. So in the mean field approximation, you neglect these complications and you just look at the mean field that this particle sees from all the other particles. And you play around with the state of this particle and neglecting how this affects all the other particles until you're done. And then you update everything. And then you go around from particle to particle. Now here, we just take theta. This is our range of parameters or states in the model. And we partition this in some way. So here, this theta is a very long vector of thetas. And we divide this up into chunks theta 1, theta 2, up to theta n. And we assume we can factorize our q of theta into a q1 on theta 1, q2 on theta 2, and so on. This is an assumption. We lose accuracy when we do that. And the Laplace assumption is an additional assumption in addition to this factorization that the posterior is Gaussian. So in particular, q of theta will be Gaussian if each of the qi is Gaussian. So we will divide up our approximate posterior q of theta into lots of Gaussians multiplied with each other. And this will be our approximation to the true posterior. And we will see what that gets us. We will apply variational calculus to this. So I don't think you need the reminder at this point. So we minimize AV to get close to the true A and to find this optimal q. Now in the space of all of these q's, of these approximate q's, which are not going to be exact, there will be one optimal one. You have all the q's that fulfill these criteria that they're factorized. And they're all a product of Gaussians. And out of all these q's, one of them will be the best in the sense of the closest to the posterior. We're going to call this q, q star. And the question will be, how do we find it? How do we find q star? The q among all the allowable q's, that is optimal. And we will do variational calculus. So we will take the derivative of AV, the functional derivative of AV with respect to the q y's. And we will want this to be 0 so that we know we are at an extremum in function space with respect to minimizing AV. So solving this equation for q star, we find a solution. This is what we'll do next time on the blackboard. It turns out that the solution is proportional to the exponential of the variational energy. And this is the definition of the variational energy. We will look at this in detail the next time, which will be tomorrow. Tomorrow afternoon, we will put this to use in what comes in applied to actual models that can do inference on what's happening in real experiments. Any questions? I'm already keen to go to lunch. So I'll see you tomorrow. Thank you.


Why 254, imagine? How have you been? How are you? I'm good, I'm good, I miss them too. Tuna liya lakini tuko saa, Chelsea me piguwa tatu, jewa rei tu na mongu. Tuna lakini tuko poa, najiwa stationingi eno, nyesha tu me win. Lakini DSTV no nyesha tu me lose. Imagine this is when you're out of kuluza. Man, news is on me. She doesn't see stations, she doesn't see Meluza. Meluza kwingine lakini, wakia kaka ebi sim... Kaka ebi see Chelsea guna tatu, hava DSTV tu me piguwa. So that's what it is, he's like... Nwa gati waka chahi? Say tuned, maze anes bantu hapa, tijwe vene rada ita kuwa. All right, and of course we have our very own rapper in the building. Jujujujya, Ronald Royce, how are you? Maze we are good, we are good. Kuna e sabwingine, kwa ya na cha cha, kibia onga o zero po zero one percent. But again we are back, we are back. It's on de kama kawida, maze just don't go nowhere. Kwa we are about to get the party cracking. All right, now and as always, Danny is Bob Miner, we miss you so much. Why he was here al kuwa, anase maivi. This is now officially our tagline. Tirum is officially open. Now let's sip some tea. Let's get started with our first story right here. And random authorities have arrested and taken to court a 24-year-old woman over in decent dressing after a photo of her in a fish net ataya at a music concert appeared on social media. If convicted, the young lady faces up to six months up to six months or two years in prison. On a Thursday a judge at a Kigali primary court declined to grant bail with a prosecution requesting that she be detained for party days as investigation continues. The case has been, has actually rather cost public outrage on social media with many condemning the government for violating women's rights while others argued it is good for women to dress more decently. And yeah, of course there she is, that's the attitude she had on at a concert having a time of her life, you know. And there were consequences after that. So I don't know, I don't know what you guys think. Siji, gawai me kosa kazi ama ikotu sawa. I'm going to start with you Ernest, where you want me to be? Oh, you know what, we're going to have to understand.   Okay, lakini, by the way, what you want for my poor, me inna support gawa. Buona uti shobu, diya kutu shonini, see you dress too decently. So when the jailer me kambili? Ya iku a lesson kwaingini. Hei, ya ikotu pwa. Ata kenya wana na waifanyike apa. Kuna tu vidu dwingini mada muna dunga muna yunasa wu you like seriously. Anata ka attention, anata ka ni. Stili sama my dress, my choice. Buona ipeleka na da level, na hiya level ma ipeleka apaana. Kuna vidu dfai kwauna. Bara kwenya sheyana wa to feel good about herself, to feel confident about herself. Sawa kivaivo, una shina kwa hao. Asi wana nga nga roga injera wana kwauna. Buona nga roga na kwauna. Wana nga nga liya. Why are you looking? See if you say, I don't like that. You look where you are going. Ata ni wongi eka mamzazi. Sani kwa na meto iwangu. Ape gara un liya pota hao. Ume toke ume vaivo. Taka taza umto eka siya nga liya. Ata kwa na kwa nga liya. Ura wana ni yari bia mdo do kwanza. Sonda hina ni mefuni kwa mpei wangu maha choivi ya tia cha kwa nga liya ya kwa nga liya. What is that? How about where she was? What event nga liya kwa uziiku? Event nga liya uziiku. Ya kwa ni event nga liya uziiku kwa na nga ma dress code ni niko saa. Lagi ni hia oma dress mahi choi sumi cha na ta hao, kwa aatu wa paa na hia nga umi na kata. Alright Ronald, what's your take? Ok, I will let you nima sema. Iliwa kwa event and it was at night. Ladies will cover up ama wama di mo enda vle. Wana enda la? What are you thinking? 2 years in prison is just... is that justifiable? We are afrika and afrika is our business. Do you know even the clothing that whatever we are putting on right now were brought by the colonizers? So, udem kutembe ya or whatever she was putting on to me, she is right. One, it's because nowadays private parts are not private. They are public. Please say more. I think you have also seen in South Africa, I think the Zulu, the Zosa. Oh, yeah. There's actually that video making band in social media. Exactly. So, I think it's not wrong to wear whatever you want to put on because we have freedom of choice again. So, at the end of the day there's nothing like obscenity. And I think where we are headed as a generation, wacha kutembe ya nga uchi. Because the more we hide these parts, the more atasisi tunaza kukwana ajako juwanininime. Let me ask you something. Do you know where we came from? Like when, like in history when we go about evolution, like when we were from Kev people, before sizing was kujai in other African society and everything. Do you know people just used to cover like this part pikaikem na tembe aifu and then we evolved. We were like, no. We need to cover up to back to Tenganeza and go out to Jifunika decent. And now you want to go back to where you came from exactly. Do you know, I remember those days, okay, I wasn't there but this is what used to happen because we went maybe Shemeji. So when the Shemeji was coming this side, the thing was hanging here. So it was a skin that was cut in size in Nizafit, right? So Shemeji ya kikujivi, I'm sorry to bring in a shema, but it's up to me to say Meji wa Shemeji. I don't know. So when he or she is coming this way, I'll say Ad inscription to say Ad, and he knows. Don't know why that happened because she didn't know what she was doing so when the Shemeji was coming this side, Shemeji was hanging here but we were like,own. When we went to K Ludipush, he told me that it was an easy way to say to him as he went to visit her because she was coming to Tenganeza but she didn't know where she came from and I was like, where she came from but moving out your house will do you challen again South Africa these things is not illegal it's very illegal Yeah they're still outdoor not not not in jawbag like some parks of South Africa Close for confirmed Okay but in Kenya there are some places it's very marginalized communities come Kuna ni ''aleshi evo'''''' Okay But BandнимataIN Director that has never touched my style, piano has never stopped the same. So I'm sure No one knows when the day改um를 Khalima's Kwa toa na udoye na nakapa. I learned that I finished school and went to the middle school thanks to a couple switch with that bakchina. Why do you have to ask this question? So, not only do you have to ask these questions, you have to ask everyone regarding your situation. So, can we please find the language? We haven't been asked the question in what we have done. So, to be honest, in this era, we have been asked the question in the most of the cases. That's why you guys go there and watch the videos. We have enough sites but one appata view is because people have learned Walu wanga sekifu wagu wu came nuko video hutawanautwana name Da tu wa teikaya tawana wagena utwana Men have realized when women are sexy and everything, the video is sales The thing is it's good that you brought that topic Men are never sexy Women have good guys That sexy body, they look nice They look out, it's 7 PM We have to move on to the next story but you can talk to us. We are on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram as Y254. We have post good comments below. There is no way you are watching from and your various contributions to topics you are talking about today. The hashtag is chichat. At feeling June at Ernest Bantu and of course at Ronald Royce. Now we move on to another story and businessman earlier this week took to Twitter to report that a border-border rider who works out of the Nairobi CBD near city market went missing after he fled with two million dollars he was supposed to deliver in Isli. Now the complainant word Nyandare has asked citizens to help him search for the border rider and there is actually a reward of 500,000 for anyone who has information that may lead to the arrest of Dennis Nyamongo. We have just screen shots of the whole thing where he posted and everything. However Kenyans on Twitter had mixed reactions over the said incident rather with some wondering why anyone would have such a huge sum of money in cash while some advocated for his arrest while pushing the hashtag. The hashtag rider stills to million. Alright so what are we thinking? First of all the guy who tweeted that was 2 million dollars. You know that's around 230 million Kenyan shanks. So probably 200 million not 200 million USD. I think it was 200,000 dollars to make it 200 million. Ya because I would be like no maybe even just 2,000 dollars. I don't know because it's 200 million. We never trust him to that 200 million. This is about a border guy who is 200 million. Are you sick? No but in his defense I met him about that for over 5 years. We never trust him to that 200 million. We never trust him to that 200 million. We never trust him to that 200 million. We never trust him to that 200 million.  I think it was wrapped in a way that he is not supposed to know it's money. Maybe he got curious. No this guy has been sending this guy for a couple of years. So this means this guy has been knowing where he is being sent. Alkwana tumoka bank, amana tumuanga kwenaku deposit, amana. What is the story again? You see he could be a sharer so maybe alkwana na kulipia kitu ana pelaka and then the guy would like maybe go for the delivery or say oh ma alkwana na kulipia kitu maybe delivery had already been made so they were making payment. Those are broad circumstances and banks, businesses or these they always pick up the security companies and then that company, 200 million you know the joke? hrrr hrrr na security u so ambili so ambili? Thito5 na niye est not niye are ngebre Village Lakini kita suzao mwa suzik pab야 maj Conserva pa siwa na원 nawezya, nawezya mba suzik na fac Αy No but I have another question what happens to people when we get money Like, come on What was the meaning of angel's money? I'm serious I will change in a way that every time we can pick gear and on the ground we can't get it I know that we pick any accoutu anxious Like, any plans that we can have, we will have to find it We will find it in a way that is sub-bia minus We will find it in a way that is delivery-less too But the time we have When the ausences are coming back Out of that, 5 million It will be back to 600 Okay, 5k No problem, mini, uki shika ile pesa umezohea I wonder if it's the same to your menezohaya Eya, nescha ni go kiwangu ya pesa K onu mbTA ki shika so mbili ya me shika dumob Kuh nuko mbTA ki shikadaw, tanu ahkana pesa mingi Inai ine na ibu atu fana ni Ike, uki zohaya ile pesa umezohea Na ue nesa sa anu na ongele shaka iyo pesa Leya ui minata wafa Laiki do kusika ile pesa wuji yazohhea Iya, nasa na idi ata weira woon Pesa da na Wambia budda Ui jikun wangana kost besan na guns nakuwaa ganda, yumsowa na na kwaa lahekげ kusan niCE ya gemunde ya alde, ganda na ekida ya, kwaun nekitan ya Gunaskeya ngehells gate sujiwekia para nuku na atru va��를 kwaun신a je ni mwaake urane na salvake ya dive vientia Remove bila hote haza kugalesi hea, da sasa hote haza kugalesi hea hea. technicians ta kutumuapore kia yu sisa Na gongana tuwa sa. Kagi nezo, sa yere nesika tu, hataka 10k tu wa kwa kwa 5k. E wuki ni gongana yos side na aza weh. Yoh yoh yoh. Kwa wangana. Wangana wangana wangana. Wangana jwa so na kuwaga. Wengi. Baka wangana jwa to wa na pitan, na kwa weh wiki hana lemasai, zia izin go, zimei shaisha, jyo kupitana. Yoh frikshon. Zaza, wiki jwa kwa, ifu shikana tuki doga tuwewe. Una aza ga kuruka, onaja ni sambili kunawe. Aaa thanks for the money you signed for us here and giving the movie to the people who should be drumming specifically. Account to ni as a Special Kikiyama. Actually, it's hands本work. Not in stShat Game Banki Doing 那出交金 That was just a fair change of the working style. On that ayam ni na pools only now. After paying the debts, back at the Skills Group, our tutores have lost their way. We are now having great второй. We're here with good bargain. Yes, that very تو. Yes, that very amount of money. That very enough. You are not getting ahead of us when we talk about money anyway, right? I get what it sounds like. Now you have got stuff in your nose, now you're out of that money. I will be fine and reflect upon it. You have to sit in reserve up till when something bad Sizio is here for석. Maybe oil tea, Kisha naga 업 upstream Give money to Kiburi We need money to make 무웅er getujob Money is a common This is easier for young people Awesome He buy clothing Bring yourtha It's suicide Do you think so? Baby you need money Now you are creative When your mother is in helmet Because mean Somebody is enjoying This money Come back ka ustow resources na, inafa, fake soo ma source, usi trust ni tu na pesa, mi hindi mi hindi hwa chokwa na pesa, just ni langatwa ni so our case bila da mai liba 400 milion people have money in their houses I was just like who has 400 milion just lying there waza ma kwa wa sa wainatwa kwa ha哦 kuna do nwa tu weki wa wanato nwa tu weki wa na umi ya uku inge so kuchi kai o do usi dani ikenlyingo na do ni wama nado howa na do we can't go to the public to do that our role is after pay DJ can't be mexiled after all that money want 400,000 yung 400,000 i feel sure Judas Kobai is here kwa, Mr Kobai is around here he was here? he was here he was here 200 million actually back in the day that was a lot of money We have to go explore the location for the Deidarisi war and about this story. Kuna pula ah었어요 50 mililer. We are just planning to collect some odd money and be there. Then if we find it, then we go to Japan and find the Deidarisiits and get the money monong the principal. We have to land it here after, then where is the reaction. Shout sake back to Christi What will you do? What will you do? We will pass the exam. Take the money. Take the money to the police station. Hit the money for yourself. See, I repair it. It's a good Christian thing to do. It's a virtue. You're supposed to be faithful. You're supposed to be honest. All these things are virtue. In this society, God and I speak in different versions. It's a virtue. It's a virtue. It's a virtue. We will pass the exam. It is virtue. Right. It is virtue. We move We move Let's move to another story Now Steve Boyz, simple boy is a legend Who goes by me Steve Boyz on Instagram now I take to Instagram to put our praises on the musician Gia got emotional when reflecting on how perfect of a man Steve Boyz is Saying she has never been treated better in any of her relationships And she can't wait for the big day to get here We have a video, let's have a look Let me just go through the points Ashkuru mungu Kufika apa right now Ara is no easy And everything good for everything And right now I do believe in love cause Love is not all about money And my mind has showed it to me I really can't wait our big day Which is very soon from now Ya, I'm really happy And I'm really proud how my man respects me so much He took care of me Like, it has never happened before I'm really happy Ya, and I thank God for him I thank God for everything As we wait for our new day Our new beginning Of our life, of our relationship Oh, he's in love with a beautiful thing I mean, how cute is that? Like he's the best man she's ever met She's so in love, she's a good man What are you guys thinking? Wusheh lili waivo? Mamma Chelsea shailya What's the matter? Bro, you're the best man Bro, you're the best man You're the best man Minimali lili waiva Ya, like you see, in private Bile waatu, Nambia waatu Bro, you're the best man We got our stories on my gate We're not easy, I think I've done it We got stories to tell Ya know what you want I'm gonna sing you a Tikro Ya ya ya ya I really want to hear it Now I know you're a guy in the gate Ule manu ume I understand Ule manu umu mazuma ni handsome Yes and some. Ah, jwa mi maupensi. Ima sura paso, paso. Yaji ena lini estivutu kwa the same line. Uto aapu kwa ya. Ay. Wezikitewe wana GCfutubu. Ah, zi? Ku GCfu? A wasi sera? Zywa nasura. Sia? Duewa na wuka atu yu na sera. Kwenhi wana zywa. Najari bukse maivi. wanaforthu wana dowu cha yujua na mongama ni na ume na h intacto. Azi nabia na funyosa wanewa saywa no wa kusa wa ni ni ano wa paya chalengu. Jwa muntu bachaya? Kwa chana kumiktu madhya feelingin. Love knows no money. Love only knows character. But there love knows character development. Ono na the same tears she's shedding right now are the same tears she's going to shed in The Coming. So, what is that you want to say? Ya, ya, ya, ya, whoo! My friend, this is it, you want to make me live? Haa, haa. So, you see, come out, you lay and you'll suffer. I'm not sure if my ex is current, he's not even looking for a job, but he's not even making me live, he's not even making me live. See, I don't have evidence, I just want to have evidence. How much evidence do you have? Iko, Iko, Iko, Iko kuwara ho. Ya, Iko kuwara ho. But I don't know what you are. I don't know what you are, I don't know what you are. Haa, haa. So, you're saying, ya, ya, you're geezic language. So, you don't need to get any proof about Qiwara. Ya, ya, ya, ya, Iko kuwara ho. Ya, Iko kuwara ho.arshik kai nr Super Monkey Mountain. Kwa zili peyo na gro, ina instirin ni u, aro kini peyo nini ni nga pi? Oh! Hey, come from instirin ni. Sosa hindi o ile wanase maga unezatua muntunda ni agunia, lakini kutua ugunia danya. Muntunda ni agunia danya. Ni agunia danya. Sosa wana sasa kama wasewa geto. Wata mi na jua juni na gro geto. Manzei e zivi tu me li liwa wan. Tu me li liwa sana wan. Na jua.арikatu na skilimu. IIze politiwe za maf Pay Nga illiwa Celwa. NI matusta.ости marcha. Wejtelwe chisha uherose na munt together kushi kini tu hiba kutua alia lewa warned. Uje ni muntumu ni kwa ula ni juyake, lalam ni chat, saye na saye na kiki kwa ondi. No, my take is this. Ronald, what if ni kiki na kwa nangama, uja pachawendu viksen kwa nangama ya ke? I think he's scripted. In the first day, ilikwa ni proposal. Meza kumuka, there was a clip proposal in the same chick. Ilikwa nangama, right? Now, she's come again. So, ni kana now, in that relationship, saye imenoga. Sivonim poa, he's the best man, you know? And then now, there is the last part. Si na kwa kana intro? I say ma, she can't wait to become the wife. The wedding bell, saye. Si na nangadu ma ba? I say nangadu ma ba. I say nangadu ma ba. He's a wedding coming. I say ma, he's a wedding coming. No, no, we're just... Sometimes be positive that love it exists. What if? What if mingoma? That's what I'm telling you. So, in the story, there is an intro, there is a body, and there is an outro. Exactly. So, apatushia jua, ali na ka propose. Now, they are in love right now, right? And then now, wakia chana, atarudu, the same way. Akilia. Akilia to the same way. Eh, Sivon, what's a bad man? Eh, it didn't go, but it's not a proposal. So, jue, ini kiki. So, saye, saye, saye, saye, saye, saye. Atarudu kusema, he's bad. So, saye, saye, saye, saye, saye, saye. Ali ni playo, na pretty fishi, ama ali na kwa wudamonru. So, saye, saye, saye, saye, saye, saye. Okay, I don't have any secrets to either that. I don't have any secrets to either that. I don't have any secrets to either that. People in the gym, you know, kuhi success. I know, right? But he's so nice. Like, every time, like, interact with him, he's like, super, super humble. I don't have any secrets to either that. No, he's humble. There's niceness, and then there's humbleness. He fears God. He has that fear of God. What I live fear to ya. The fear of God. Honest was in humble. It's the beginning of wisdom. The fear of God is the beginning of wisdom. You are watching Chichat right here on Y2F4 TV. We're going to take a breather. A very, very short break. We're coming back with more. Stay with us. Thank you so much for staying with us. You are watching Chichat right here on Y2F4 TV, your favorite youth channel. My name is Filian June, and I'm hanging out with Annes Bantu and Ronald Royce. The hashtag is Chichat. You can talk to us on our various social media pages. Now, we have another story, and a video is making rounds in social media of a Kenyan high school student vibing to Kenyan drill music in their dormitory. Now, it's still not clear where the TV came from and where they got the phone to record themselves from, or even which school the video is from. But social media users had mixed reactions of the video with something it's okay for them to kill boredom while some Torah TV was a destruction from them focusing on what's important. What freedom nowadays? What is happening? But honestly speaking, who could do that? He wants to take, work hard to sour because it's their free time. Mama, they should be studying. What is it? Work hard to sour? You want to work hard to sour? Yes. Thank you. Okay for them. Okay, it's a little scary. Just one comment. So they say all work without play makes jack a dull boy But too much of freedom Atom tohiyu kimulea na too much freedom Na wangadumu tu useless kwa society Na jwa too much freedom pia ikwangi powa Uku na nata tu kisoma rukutu na wana TV Nika matu na Yes kwa wana TV ni special day Muta wana nana muji muta wana lini tera na Lakin wana shule likuja kufa ni Kusoma Kwenyuguna TV Funga chwenyuga kwenyuga TV Wana yanyu nata wana muta wakiru di shule soma So ni kama kuchu kwa shule like place entertainment Place yanyi ni Awa ta soma So wana nga jaya apu Nga wana graduate kwa mba huyu Nga wana taka kwa msania raka wima drill Kanda kwa kasa Mga nali Ska ni graduate Ska na soma Ska na soma ni after shule Naka wana let me do this Amezu wita wana do kampo Kisha tika kampas wana Lakin ni high school Tremia na danga nga wana High school nga wana wana Wana wana foku soma Apili adishi pumsazi nga go through kwa eka shule Nga fund of kiri e Kabila udizu witu Soma ni to Shule ni kwa kusoma According to me ni wana jwa Shule ni kwa kusoma Just Soma Amezu Uwe kama msania Ronald you are a rapper You are a rapper Do you think kwa nga chahu Wanzema pema kwa high school Sayungi kwa mbe There you are In fact it's feeling sikubaya But you know talent is something We are supposed to nacha From when you are Right So back in high school I know as much as we are The 844 education system It used to teachers on how We are going to be employed Now we have the CBC system That is trying to nacha Us with our own talents So according to me This story is The high schoolers Mokona TV Manze you guys are privileged Sisi yuki tu kwa nga ona Ulu kwa ona na tu TV kwa gazeti Na gazeti ulu kwa nga nga niya moalimu There was no day ulu kwa nga ona iro So Ryan Ifertol This is for killing a boredom Awesome You guys kill it Now the other thing is Kila kitu inafai kwa na limit Don't overdo it Kama ni TV Manze uchi ni TV Kifika sa klas ishieni But then again I don't know which school it is The way you are asking Yeah And also How the TV got itself In the dormitory In the dorm Let's see Neku reko Ulu kwa na froze Ulu kwa tuza apa Me Kila kwa na kuteka kwa shoi You know Situ na zaku buka When we are going back to school Them days My friend Umai usaksu liwa Kila kitu Ulu kwa na na pali Ulu na step naked Everything Wana nga liya Each and every detail Wana na chungu kwa na nga Sistandu kwa na funguliwa Kila kitu Exakili zina bakikwa git Me nili kwa na gata Di 310 By then Nili kwa na mamishiti Zabakon kubu Wana kasunda Ulu kwa na gadiapa Zawana kasu Lagi ni ni simu Tuza na TV Ilingi aji Nili simu ba nili Wana kidoga ni li Ili ni effect Asa wuduna Ida daksha Ida daksha wana Ida daksha wana Ida daksha Edimastu hwa na watch Prinspa wangu sa ini MP wala ngaata Ana watch sa ini MP Pajenoko Prinspa wala kolinjela I'm sorry MP wakibira I'm sorry MP wakibira I'm sorry MP wakibira Prinspa wala Kwa tibi kwa tibi Ili kwa moja Ili kwa moja By then Ili kwa moja Saia ni prinsenda MP wakibira Prinspa wawangu Saia rai kwa kwa edukesion Na kwa tibi Naka moe fichasi moa paka Tibi na fichati I don't know I do know Iba staff We are part of your empire We are all concerned of the names of our communities People in this world I felt we were on some type of chain We've been in this for 2 orth She fell I don't wanna say It means it goes with her It means it was successful And IU call prominence They graduate We were selling the Unfortunately Let us know which school is that, and then maybe we'll reach out to the school like... No, we want to go to 854. We want to go to 854. We want to shout out to them like, Nini wa dog wa bird. It's killing boredom because when we were there the other time, One kwa na chumashule. School motor was cool motor literally. At least now it's killing the boredom and all this. We want to go to 854. We want to go to 854. We want to go to 854. On the weekend at Obiner's place, she accused him of letting the kids go to school with either dirty uniforms or cold uniforms that are not dry. In his defense, Obiner said that he didn't want to wash his daddy laundry in public, but all accusations are false and that those close to him know the truth. Let's have a look at the beginning. So I decided yesterday, I said I was not going to talk about it. A lot of bloggers called me, I was like, I'm not going to do it for the wellness of the kids. And it is okay. Let me get all the beating and the whooping so that it slides. However, when I woke up to the morning, I even didn't go through those other comments. I didn't go. I heard that Niko Kila mahali tookana na wa mama. Na wa baba wengine na vijana na watu. Everybody who was not in this setup. But as a mu baba, who don't know me, there's a lot of people who don't know her and a lot of people who don't know us and everything that happened. But the people close to us know. The people that I've spoken with before everything or when everything, I've spoken to you, I've spoken to a couple of important people. Until I decided, let me take the high road and keep quiet. And I said I will never ever ever fight with my baby mama in public. Alright, so I don't know. But co-parenting is not easy. That's all I mean to say. And for those who don't know co-parenting, muna shi pamoja, things don't work out. You go your separate ways. But you have kids. Na kila umutu na takaku spend time, na watu ui. So wana kai na mada yao probably during the week, alaf weekend, they spend at their dance place. So that's what's happening with our gobina. So who do you think is telling the truth? And now a bye. Na dono.  That's what she allegedly said. And she was sharing screenshots. Waki tana mani no kubokumbua. Wana wambia.  Is it okay for you to be sharing that on social media with people? Mama nile, she doesn't have a voice now. Bina wana joa. Ya, akona platform. So she just thought the only way is to prove by sharing screenshots. Okay, let me tell you something. I think compared to venue, it's always hard. And the good thing is, both parents are taking responsibility. Now, the best part is, umutu ui akito, awutu ui wakitokashule, wana pitekwanana, wana ena kubaba yao. Now what I don't understand if utu ui akirudi kumama yao on Sunday, wana kujana uniform is the emotion, ibaridi, aya. Anka chivi mepotea. Nini kia tumoja ana. So it's like, Ogawbina is not responsible when it comes to the day-to-day care of the kids. That's what she was saying. For example, kia tumi mepotea anunwesingine. Anka chifana abaingine. So Ogawbina is like, awutu ui half-way. I'm getting tired of buying handkerchiefs every week and gloves. Wakirudi buy gloves buy handkerchiefs. Ziki anas mepotea. So she's like, mii mi hamdan finisha manki, like just be responsible. Ogawbina mazu sui utu chomema zi? Mi omji kawudem anongia wongo ama ukuhili. Inu nukitumoja nafa marialai. Ono jewu kia chatu dem, kuna kale kafiri, na bado wewa doing good. Ono diya kuna hile bado dem anas kia. I wish I was there. I wish. So kuna venyanata gaku, aikuwa nangipuwa na mabedima. Wei, so unata kusimu. She's bitter because she's not doing well in life. She's bitter because kwa liya chana na Ogwbina na Ogwbina bada ana do good. So Ogwbina na do good in life? Ogwbina sataka ana do good, adu good kusinda Ogwbina. Wei ish because she's not famous zakec zkotini ama. Inu nukiyawiyo naa uwa yuwa na muna unazana dem, when we got some dem, na pata mutwói, muna acha ana, dem ana pata successful life, bado una stragu. One day a dem ona kubeba gaage ni ni kazi mi ni, tani ni anga liya lambda na sama mi nim, na jui ni sii kuija fika, Bigkin ya need success, but do not expect a little trouble for that. Em casualties of people who…沒有, that is bad.  Million kadei wa k해주 za omuzi wa. We never say that about women, because we have a lot to take care of. We never say that about women, because we have a lot to take care of. Shora toke Haji boli, Muswosa, he was the body is having a divorce party. You didn't say that. You were like, why are you saying men don't say that and we saw him say that. idea kukufulia, kukupikia, kukuwa shia krib na kukuwa ngezea idadia, familia kwenyumba. Niyon do kazi wa rafanyaga. So ono mudukama huza mimi na heza saema. Kama sii mimi ya kukuwa hivu. Batuwa ule demu nyanatoka unatoka. Muna shia dreams. But wait, let me give this trade.  Ni kazi ya maana, but sii kazi ya kusema kama sii mii mii. I also if a housewife isi kama hivu kwa mudubu yage. As long as when a housewife tituye tiki kama sii mii kwa mimi. Let me tell you something. You are not having anything without marriage except population. No, no, no, no. I know I'm not supposed to say, but let me just disagree with you. Actually housewives do a lot because first of all they wake up in the morning prepare the kids for school. Ule ke shule. Ula na maana kazi wa na taftangam stana kazi. Awa na wakeveni waku job na wana maha kazi. Tia na wakubia na taftangam. Kwa hivu wana fani? Tia na wakubia na taftangam stana kazi. Because they have to prepare maybe the husband and the kids to go to school and make sure the husband is in motion. A numbai motion. Ule wakubia na maa bachi na wile wana kaka kwa numbai wika. Na jwo, addab, we are not having a housewife for 10 years. So, we shouldn't undermine that. I think it's a work or undermine. Let me see your kazi when you are young. You are young and you are young. You can't have a kazi. Kazi, nungumi. Ya, nungumi. Kitu na angali ya nwa tolu. Nandia wame sana to prepare the husband and the kids. Kwa is preparing me? How can you prepare me? Kukupigia haasi probabili kulao, breakfast to make sure him maybe... Nandia, you have to do something that I can't do. You can't prepare. Kids cannot do that, that's why you are preparing kids. Ok, na, I get his point. You are now siding with Ogawa Obina. Because a kopekiya kei mitru tutuwa ea neshule bila and kachi? Bila soks moja. Nungumi, kyo ea Obina. Kenye na sama ni, Obina isifanya hivo. This girl is lying. That's my point. Oh, your point is here, Ndanganya? Ndanganya. Ata mimi monewe, ada kama wukainam tuwe wako. Mi na tuwa kukitoka job, fili nuku jukuretum tuwe wako nimchafu. Uneza furubu mamaa kevi baza. Asi mamaa kewe muchafu. Una na asi nmuto hiya na kaje. Una asi nuna. Obi na esi huwara. Ndatum tuwe isu. Le, aya paana. Una wumi aya. Uma mani wonga. Okay, sir. We're gonna move by this way. He's contradicting himself. Amis maa chekitoka kazi, abatum tuwe mchafu ata kukita. Mama. But, at the same time, amis maa housewife, akuna kazi huwu faya. But, wata kukupatum tuwe nimchafu. Una piya nini. Aya ya. Una story wong do meya monewe. Una paana nga kazi. Akini sihipu fenye ni muna mek. Kaya tiki kazi yamaana. Mi kazi yamaana. Mi kazi yamaana. What do you mean? Mi kazi yamaana. Mi kazi yamaana. Mi kazi yamaana. Mi kazi yamaana. Kuni yamaana kuni, lego numana numana numana. Adi impokileza ni numana. Una bokologyyao. Owe tokome najiobu kiri nijiwe numana nimchafu. Uta wona kazi ya ya, yake? Numana nimchafu. Yes. Nami ni mga mischa nga wakaing zikilwa mek nga Bibi ane na kazi. Ajan wanda iye isli kitu Bibi nanisa ideas naayo. Kamani housewife. Ni kusa digitsiazidi za lisha. Nandi wona dio ku usha. Nandio ku suya. It's seven, it's seven. Yogiweleni una piwa metige chiwe nika chile nuna faya. We moved upon this story before we started going out on the internet. I'm more involved than there is in the beforehand digfun and the further we worked together, therefore now it has become unambil comedic at this time. my partners I mean we moved from this story, Clear vs clear we move to another story because we at the same time were just on their welfare of the kids. Na g crushing the women, X-web didn't matter, it was all about their children and I just hope they're taking care of their children better. People like this story are talking about the social media because these kids are growing, So, we move to Alaska and it is actually very sad because Kenyan woman rather living in Toronto, Canada drowned in a pool while she was relaxing after work while broadcasting live on Facebook. In the video which has now gone viral, Helen Wendy appears to be in high spirits as she swims from one side of the pool to the other So, you have been streaming for three hours and the people that found her came three hours later. Three hours, that's the first time other people came to the pool. So, there was no lifeguard, there was no one else at the pool. I don't know, maybe in a place, she was home early before anyone else. I really have no idea but it's really painful. I don't know, maybe in a place, she was home early before anyone else. And then also an advice to most of us, never get to the pool if you don't have anyone next to you. That is, it's going to be catastrophic because you never know. At times, I remember back then, when we were at the pool, we had a lot of pools. Yes, probably that's what happened to her. So, when you are at the pool, you can never move, you are always rendered immobile. So, I'm just asking, wherever you're going to swim, must you make sure you have a friend or you have someone else, or come and put on the life jackets, you are going to be good. Alright, now, what's your take? Because she came to Kenya, she's from Kenya and then she went to study abroad obviously. So, do you think we need to now start having swimming lessons in school, right? Kila shule na faiku ena pool probably that is guarded, he should have rails or something, doa toa siende temu, they don't have like an adult looking after them and stuff. But do you think like, is something we should consider like in... Ya, lazima lazima. In our schools. Lazima tufanya ibo. Mama, adasi lazima, kitu jui achana. Ibo dusi impu, kitu jui achana. But you know, it doesn't have to be a pool. Ineza kuhu nenda home na kuna magi, like itrain them, there's an overflow, like there's an overflow of water like kukunjiya or something. So, ineza kuhu magi uju hangi uta kutana na wa? Ya, exactly. I'm important to kuhu jifunza. Kuhu jui arugu sui na some point. Ineza kuhu kusahidi ya. What will happen? Ineza na pa le coast, start to say okay, number ispanike, uske feri, medraw, nini. Apa urupa kuna jibama, awawa, kama haji. Ineza kuhu fiyan ahia urupa, place iha magi mingi. Ineza kama jimingi. So, kiju haku sui muna jisahidi ya pa ya. Ipa urupa kuna klasi, so asewa juiku. Ya. Kama juiku sui jifunza. Right. Kama jimingi na hibikanga, mimi kubu ahia na ambas juiku sui mi. There's no shame. There's no shame in lining. There's no shame in lining. There's no shame in lining. Like, mimi konzata, mimi wu zini embaras.  I'm like, show me. Yeah, tell me. Like, don't be embarrassed. But it's so sad what happened to her though. Like, we're praying for the family that they might find peace. And kindly, like, when the dad, like the dad spoke, like if you're in a position to help, kindly just like, you know, be sure to donate some funds to us, the family so they can be able to bring Helen back home, right? She rest in peace. And of course on that note, we'll sample some of the comments. You guys have left us on our socials. And right now I'm going to start with Annes. Do you have any salams, any shout outs on the kakutu mamitani? Yes. All right. Ronald. Yeah, yeah, yeah. I have a couple of guys here. Victor. Kamakawide. He's always locked. Locked. No, he's always locked. That's what he's saying. Locked to her, by the way. Oh, okay. So Alice Yashema. How good. Tukuna. Kaleb. Mazie, thanks. Thanks. Kalebia na kwangatuna. Masiketa. And then I can see she's written something here that my son says hi. That is Raylan. And also the last person here is Zadi. Thanks so much, Mazie. Always keep it. Shout out to Zadi. Shout out to Masiketa. She's always tuned in. I'll be shout out to you. All right. Let's do this. On our Twitter page. Not Twitter, actually. That's on our Facebook. Let's shout out some guys. We have Beatia Babu and also my MK2 Records locks. Thank you so much. We have Testerban. Kee. Live with my producer, Mavo. Sikusu Zumbo. Tolte. Shout out to Mavo and shout out to you, Testerban. Naknax. What's up? What's up? I feel you like you are free. Thank you so much for being here. I am in. Although I'm so mic... Atwezi kwa saksama kumenti ako. Bro, wunadebile tina kupenda. Sana. We love you so much. Thanks, Jukes. Mad love to you. Shout out to you. We have Joseph. Tune in from 003. Thank you for a far right. You are following from Keating Gela. Big shout out to you, Rasbashiri Ware. Wobusia. You're tuning from Fort Jesus. Wobusia. Thank you. Kevoa Katanzalai. Ita kwa je. Onza ma'ara Katanzalai. Masiketa Miko Locktumbaya. Ni Kevoa Katanzalai. We have Domi Sweden. What's up? We are locked at Ameru. We love all of Ameru. And thank you. We have Guba Maliyu. And it's my breaking. Kasimiro has retired from winning trophies. Okay. And champion. Malika Mubaba. Hi, Mubaba. Hala. You're being claimed on National TV. Malik. Malik. Malik. Malik. Malik. Malik. Malik. Malik. Malik. Malik. Malik. Malik. Malik. Malik. na kulejenga na ruben kwa? na kwa? na nura nisha ee ee ee nisha ee ee ee ee ee ee ee necha lintela ka na nura ee bra ee bra kia ibra na sama bantu ako 2 stars ata miminin in gezi dina kia, na pita kenaro kia jenam digital na sama brother with you alright thank you so much I'm just gonna mention names because of time gloriam there we see you thank you We have Rose. We have Edna. Thank you so much. We have Aureal. We have Yvonne. Thank you so much for holding us down on a Sunday. I know but as the new week begins, we just want to wish you guys an amazing week ahead. And of course, let's maintain that peace we have right now. Your peace to Nandruis is easy to give us. One love. One love. One love. Thank you. Bye. We love you 100.01%.