Good morning, how are you all doing? It's your favorite village boy, Mr. Ghana Baby, right here. And I'm stressed. So stressed. I've never been stressed like this before. Tickets is stressful. Traveling is stressful. Visa is stressful. I don't know. I think being an African is hard, man. When you want to apply for visa, it's stressful. When you want to travel, it's stressful. Everything. Don't mind me. Yeah, I booked the tickets flying to Germany tonight. And yeah, I was well rested thinking that okay, I need to get ready for my trip. And I got a notification that my ticket has been cancelled. And I have an appointment around 5.30 that I cannot miss. I mean 5.30 on the 17th. 5.30 that I cannot miss. And the appointment is to interview the President of Ghana in Germany. So today is 16th. I'm supposed to fly to Germany tonight. I'll be there in the morning. 5.30. I'll go for my appointment. So now, getting a notification that my ticket has been cancelled and rescheduled for tomorrow evening. And I'm not even going to be there tomorrow evening. I'm not going to fly tomorrow evening. So which means I'll be in Germany on the 18th. So which means going to Germany will be useless. So that's what I'm saying. I'm stressed. So right now I'm on my way to the KLM office to go and plead with them that please do be a favor and risk other my ticket back again tonight. If I don't get it, I need to make sure I book another ticket or another airline tonight. Because the reason why I'm going to Germany is very important that everything is happening tomorrow evening. So if I don't make it tonight, I have to give up on the trip. So I just got to KLM right now. I'm here to change the ticket. And I met, she says it's a YouTuber. Hi! What kind of videos do you create? I'm a relationship marriage. It's called Relationship Hard to GH. Sometimes she can just put on her TV set and it's talking hello hello telling you the network is bad. See any girl who likes you will go outside room. She can't even climb a tree to make sure she gets a very good network to speak with you. Oh okay. So you all need to check it out. Alright so I'm just right here at KLM and I just hope I get the ticket man. Some good news. Oh my goodness. I changed the ticket once again but it's going to be so complicated. Because right now what I'm going to do right now is that the reason why the ticket was changed is there's a strike at the Munich airport. So no flight will be able to fly in. And because of that that's why my ticket was changed for tomorrow. I'm still flying tonight. Now I'm going to go to Austria and then drive from Austria to Munich. That is the only option that I have right now because by 5.30 tomorrow I need to make sure I go for that meeting that I'm going in Germany. So yeah this is the update. I'm going to fly tonight. It's time to go home, get ready, go pack. Like I've not packed yet. I broke my GoPro. Geez I'm traveling today and I broke my GoPro man. I don't know what to do man. But anyway that's what it is man. I'm so hungry.  It's going to be a trip that will be so worth it. So you all should come along with me. Let's go. It's time to head to the airport. And I'm so late. It's 7.42. I've had a very busy day. I pray for me that I don't miss my flight. So come along. Let's go to the airport. We are at the airport and the number of cars that are going to find a place to park is beyond my imagination man. Anytime you come to the airport in the evening, it looks so busy than in the morning. Look at the number of cars. My goodness. Geez. Like I'm late. I don't know. I think I'm late. It's so stressful to travel man. Like I said, everything was stressful man. I feel so stressed right now. But I cannot miss this meeting. So I have to do all it takes to teleport myself to Germany. Okay. So I'm done. I'm about to board the flight. I am Maya. Alright. Nice to meet you. I'll see you guys. I just landed in Netherlands. That's Amsterdam. We have this bag. What are you heading to man? Charlie, I'm going to Paris man. You have any business in Paris? I'm a lady.  I have bread. I have bread. Alright. So I'm now looking for my boarding gate. Because I need to change flight to Austria. And I'm going to use train to Germany. So yeah, you all should come along with me man. I also have to say you would never understand. Wait, did you come out good? No. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you man. You don't understand bro. You do not understand. I'm going to Germany. Where are you going? San Francisco. I'll see you guys in May. I've got to be on your stand. Yeah, I'm coming on May. You're going to have to be on here two weeks. Mommy, I'll give you the date. Just give me a minute. Berlin. Wonder Maya bro. Africa one bro. Ghana, Nigeria man forever bro. This is the man brother. I watch you. Bro, I love him man. I love him today man. God bless me. God bless him. Hey, safe trip to Germany. German. Make sure you all take care of my boy man. If it's not, I'm going to Berlin bro. Thank you. We're going to Germany. We're going to a conference. Two days and I'll be back. We're going to Berlin. We're going to Germany. Thank you. We'll be waiting for you. I'll be coming. I'll be coming. You want that too? Okay. Thank you. That should be okay, isn't it? Yeah, it's okay. Come back. Thank you. One of my subscribers. What's up? How are you? I'm good. You're the game man. Thank you. Oh my goodness. I never knew I got a lot of people that watch my videos. Thank you. Good job. Thank you. This is one of the reasons why I hate traveling in Europe. I always love to stay in my African country because I hate this harassment. In terms of where is your ticket? Where is your return ticket? We need to confirm. The hotel that you're going to sleep in has been confirmed. We want to see why you're going to Germany. How many days? Do it. Check my passport. The struggle of an African traveling is really tough man. You've been profiled when you're out of Africa. Even when you're an African in Africa, you've been discriminated. I hope I don't miss my flight by the way. But hey, I have to stay positive as my senior. Get senior, get senior, get senior, get senior. But the number of people who have stopped me and I appreciate the work that I do is overwhelming man to see the number of people who actually appreciate my work. God, I think I'm late. That's because the number of people that I met along the way who wants to shake my hands, want to take photos, want to just say God bless you for what you do for Africa. It's incredible man. I want to tell each and everyone out there who watches and supports my videos. I love you and I appreciate you. Please don't stop. But hey, like the video. Thank you. Big man, what's up man? What's good? I'm on YouTube. On YouTube? What's up? How are you doing? Good man, how are you? What's the name again? What a man. What a man. Yeah. You are good, you are good. Thank you. I like what you are doing. Thank you man. I used to watch your program on YouTube. Oh, nice. You really tried. Nice. Why are you heading to? I'm going to Germany. Oh, Germany? I'm also going to Germany. But do you guys go through all this time, like when you're traveling, they want to know your returns, they want to know what you're going to do, they want to know. You don't think it's annoying? You know, when you're coming as a visitor, you have to go through. I was here. I was here like two weeks ago. And I left even within three days. So why are you just asking me so many questions? What am I going to do here? After giving you all the letters and all of that. You're still going to ask me. It's tough man. That is why the security in Europe is something. You're going to Germany. I'm going to Germany. Landed in Saarberg. It's so cold. I think the temperature is six degrees. So it's okay. But I really love the mountain right in front of me. Can you guys see this? So pretty man. Snow on the mountain. It gives me a vibe of Kilimanjaro. But I love how it's so cool to travel from one country to another. In Europe, we're just one visitor. And I'm just hoping that my continent can learn from this man. Wow. This is so cool. So we are around. This is the airport. Woo. We don't get it. Forget about it. So I'll see you all when I get my bags. For my bag. My bag is here. But I don't know if I feel safe. Because I'm the only black dude in here man. I was the only black guy in there. Playing the only black guy in here. I think the only black guy is here. The guy on the wall. Hope I'm safe man. It's time to go get a train to Germany. Man. Let's go. See, I just got here. And I'm meeting my country man. From which part of Ghana? I was born in Ghana. Really my father is from my children. My mother is from... My country. My country man has a wife and a little bit of wife. He's a good man for me. I drive taxi here. Okay. I'm looking for an ATM machine. Sorry. Let me drive it. Thank you. You're doing a good thing for Africa. Thank you. I was like, I'm not seeing any black man here. Yeah. You have a few black people. If you go to the capital. Oh okay. If you go to Vienna. Vienna, yeah. But if you see the way it's cold in here. It's cold. Wow. That's the ATM. After I drive, that's my car. That's my car. Alright. Thank you. I'm coming. Alright. I'm going to get cash for the taxi to the train station. It's not easy. Finally got some euros. It's time to hit the train station man. Bro, where's the guy? Okay, he's here. Thank you. Because of... Hello Mr. Mr. I'll greet that man. I'll come back home man. I promise him all the time. Wow. Mr. Mr. I'll come back home and invest in Africa. They are listening to you. We'll come back man. We're going to Switzerland. The whole Europe, I don't need I don't need no part of what you show now. Why? Maybe we can make a new one. We'll keep it at this. One kind of criminal police. And I'll see how they record it. Maybe they'll come and check you out. You know? And even with the visa that I have. The Schengen visa. I was in Netherlands. And I'm going to Germany. And no one is checking you. They just checked me already in Amsterdam. That's it. That's it. That's it. But in Africa, imagine you are going to Togo South. I saw you, you were talking. I want to know.  So you know what? I'm actually the meeting I'm going to. Meeting the President of Ghana. Wow. I'm going to interview the President of Ghana. And I'm going to interview the President of Ghana about borderless Africa. What you are talking about? This man dream man. See, this thing happening in Africa. You know, we know we have our differences. But we have to find out how to come together. That's why people have their differences. Exactly. They have some partners, they don't like them. Here they have their rich now. They develop their country now. You know what I'm saying? But they know them. They come together with them. Some are rich, some are courageous. If you see these people, there's no more than Ghana. If you see these, let's say, these people. No, no, no, no. Romania, no. See, imagine you are going to Togo. You can't even go to Togo freely. You can't even go to Togo freely. Oh my God. We are enemies. We are enemies, man. And here in the other border, we are planning to go to Togo. We are planning to go back to Togo. And you are still faded on the border. See, you go to Uganda, they see you like they see their brother. They are fighting. They will live this far in there. This is like Chinese, they swear to say this thing. They just die for them. They go and they break back.   I know you grew up in China. Yeah, I did. See, China. No, no, no. I don't know whether it's true or not. It's more than the whole African country. It's one country. Come on, bro. You're going to book me on YouTube, man. I swear I'm watching. How many years, man? Let me show you this, all right? Boy. Ghana boy, huh? Come on, bro. No internet? Yeah, man. Oh, come on, man. It's okay. Come on, man. Man, I'm from Somaliland, man. Somaliland? Yeah, I was in Somaliland, man.  I was like, God damn, bro. This is more, bro, you know. Exactly, man. I have even sent you, like, a couple of messages on IG, but, you know, you have a over a million followers, yo. You can't respond to anybody. You know what I'm saying? God damn, Ghana boy. Man, you are famous, man. No. Everybody knows you, man. Ghana boy. Yo, let me take it for you, brother. God damn, man. Yo, this is my lucky day, bro. Lucky day, bro. She is awesome. Would they marry her, huh? Would they marry her, brother? Yo, come on. Come on, man. You see, I can't... I mean, how can I know since when I was putting you... You subscribed already. Already, but since... It's a couple of years, man. It's not like a month. I know you since he was in China. Damn. This is my Somali brothers, man. Yeah, man. It's good to see you guys. We are fine. We are so happy, brother. You see, you know what I'm saying? I'm from Somalia. This is my boy from Somalia. We're the same, bro. I love the fact that Somali and Somali land are united. Are united, you see? That's so beautiful, man. What are you doing here, like, you know? It's a pleasure for us, man. You know, to see you, bro. I've been following you since... I don't know. I've been following this boy since... Maybe two years, maybe more than two thousand... Four years, maybe, I don't know. Still five years, I'm following this boy. The first videos you make when you were in China, you know? We're in China. We're in China videos, man. It's a lecture, man. It's a lecture, bro. Africa to the world. Yeah. This is just pure love, man. Look at that. Somebody's holding my bag. Someone's also holding my bag. These are my African brothers showing me love, man. I don't want to cry, but I feel like crying, man. Like... This is like a whole African United. I just go here. I don't know them anywhere. They just watch my videos. And they're showing me love, man. One of them dropped me at the train station. So, let's go find food to eat. So, yeah, I have to follow, man. This is how we do it in Africa. When you find ourselves in another continent, we have to depict exactly what we do in the motherland. Ah, man. I don't want to cry. Trust me, this is actually one of my best days, man. Okay. Wow. Bravo. You make this yourself? Yes. I went to school here every time. Went to school here? Wow. I live here more than 18 years. More than 18 years. 18 years. Hi. How are you? I'm fine. Oh, wow. That's my thing. I need to enjoy my breakfast, man. I miss Berger King, man. The last time I ate Berger King was when I was in China. China? Yes. I met this brother. He started what? I started good business because of you. Good business in Mogadishu? In Mogadishu. And now we try to start a chicken farm in Mogadishu also. After my videos? From the guy from the Gambia? The guy from the Gambia, yeah. A lot of Somalian people are starting business because of you. You show what you do in Africa. You just come here a long time ago. They never have opportunity to go back. Now they are trying to go back and start their own business. And I went to Mogadishu and a lot of Somalian people from Norway, from Canada started their own business in Somalia. That's beautiful, man. And we thank you. Thank you. I'm more inspired to do more of what I do. Because testimonies like this keep me going, man. So I'm at a train station. I'm about to depart from the South Bank. Salzburg. Salzburg, okay. Salzburg, Austria. Street to Munich, Germany, man. And it's giving me like a Chinese vibe. The time that I used to be in China. Just going to connect with trains and I'm just hoping that someday Ghana will just have trains like this. And we'll do traffic and all of that. This is four. Five will be the same. That'll be five. Five will be the same. Even if you go to ABCD they will write it. They'll write down the cycle. Maybe not a five. Five will see it. But four is the cycle. The one that Ghana will have this is going to stop. It's a fast train, though. Yeah, this road there is really fast. Alright, this is China, man. China. Okay, see. You seen it? So this is how the train station looks like. It's a fast train. Thank you so much, man.  Please test me. And I'll make sure you're coming to Ghana to become faster. I will come, man. Alright, start to enter the train. Have a safe journey. Thank you. Oh my god. Oh my god. This guy is amazing, man. He brought me from the airport. He picked me from the airport. He's a taxi driver. He never charged me. He made sure that I got food to eat for breakfast. And he even escorted me to the train station inside the train. Bro, I don't know what to say, man. I feel so loved, bro. And I want to say thank you so much if you are watching this video. I appreciate you. Thank you so much for everything, man. God bless you, man. In the train. And I'll be in another country in the next 1 hour 30 minutes. And I want to say something. I want to tell our various African countries stop trying to work individually. Imagine if Nigeria says that, hey, Nigeria and Ghana, Togo, Benin, West African countries coming together to have a train like a train where we have rails that connects all these countries who make a lot of money. But at the end of the day everyone wants to have their own ally. It's pitch, I think. It does not make sense. So yeah, my train departs in 20 minutes time. As soon as I got out of the train, I had my first hug from my brother, man. Yeah, from Nigeria. I'm so happy. I'm surprised. Don't be surprised, it's me. Yeah. I love you so much. Thank you. I have a meeting in here. Yeah. Where's the taxi? You have to get out to get a taxi. Finally made it to Menek. Oh my goodness. I'm on a trip from plane to train to taxi. You came here? Of course. Wow, your accent, I nearly... How are you doing? No, no, I'm not... How are you? I'm fine, thank you. Good to see you. What do you call it? The Menek Security Conference? Yes, welcome to Menek. I just need your ID please. I came alone. She dropped me just at the airport. Wow, it's like this whole vlog from beginning to the end. This is my people, man. It's been so difficult carrying a lot of stuff. At the same time vlogging, man. Because even like I'm holding my passport, everything. My bag. Another bag behind me. Time to check in. Okay. Oh my God. Looks so cute. Ice one.  Finally made it to Menek and also to my hotel. Man, my backyard. That looks extremely pretty, eh? This will be my room for two nights. Let's see in the washroom. The mirror's actually here. It's time to get ready for my interview. I'm not even sleeping. I have to prepare for the interview I need to get ready. I've never prepared for this interview but I'll cook something out. 10 to the sub point, man. You know why? Because I just got a message from the Menek Security Conference team that the president of Ghana has cancelled the appointment. And he just cancelled it this afternoon. As soon as I got here the appointment got cancelled. And I feel so disappointed. I wish I knew earlier the stress I went through to get here just to get this news. It's really disappointing. I think like I said earlier, I think I need to give up on meeting the president of Ghana because anytime I plan to meet the president of Ghana, something happens. This is not the first time, not the second time, but I believe this is the fifth time appointment being cancelled. But it is what it is. But when one door closes another door opens. You know why? Because the former president of Ghana was present and he came on the show. Inkluma talked about borderless Africa. I've been a victim. I just had a brawl at the Togo Ghana border just because I refused to pay bribe. As a young African trying to travel within Africa it's extremely difficult to travel within Africa. When you're once a president you don't think Africa should be a borderless continent. Just like Europe. I had a visa from Germany. I was in Austria. I was in Netherlands. No one asked me anything. But on the continent of Africa there's no free movement of people and goods. I mean, I will want to because I'm so much advocate for this. And when you come to power what are you going to do to change that? And I hope and believe that most of you have seen that video. If you haven't seen it check the previous link and enjoy the video. My name is Wadamaya. Please don't forget to like the video, subscribe and be part of this awesome channel. But I'm so glad to the Munich Security Conference for inviting me to this year's conference and being one of the hosts of this year's event is incredible. I've had a chance to interview so many politicians across the globe and in fact, I need to get ready because I know and believe that there's better days ahead. I'll see you all in the next one. I am Maya.


From the heart of the jungle comes a savage cry of victory. This is Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle. From the black core of dark Africa, land of enchantment, mystery, and violence comes one of the most colorful figures of all time, transcribed from the immortal pen of Edgar Rice Burroughs. Tarzan, the bronzed white son of the jungle. And now in the very words of Mr. Burroughs, the story of the female of the species. For once, Tarzan's life was peaceful and uncomplicated. The dread tarmungane, the white men, had not appeared in the jungle for many moons. Wappy, the antelope, Barra the deer, and Horta the boar, waxed fat, supplying fine meat. And in the fields, the coffee corn of the Punya tribe grew tall. Tarzan remained with the Punyas, fishing and hunting and resting. His face wore a contented smile as he walked along a narrow path and entered the village. The smile broke into a broad grin as he paused before Sui, a young native girl. Well, Sui, looks as though you have a new pet. Yes, I can see it's a bird. A green eagle? Oh, no, Sui, the bird is a parrot. Yes, sometimes people teach them to talk. No, I mean it. There aren't many around here. I might have caught one and taught it to talk myself. I've seen it. Oh, yes, I thought so. This bird is a stranger to this country. What does he mean? He's escaped from somewhere and flown here. See, he has a band about his leg. Now, he looks like a bachelor to me. He has no worried expression about his eyes. It's Sunday, Tarzan. A parrot will imitate anyone's language. I wonder what people owned him. Perhaps he comes from a Bantu tribe. Jumbo? I guess not. Maybe he was a pet at the office of the French consulate. I'm not ready to give up yet. He may have belonged to a bore or an Englishman. Big rotting. Hello! If I had him for one month, I could teach him to say everything. Sui, do I own anything for which you would like to trade this bird? Perhaps you'd like this amulet of bronze? You Tarzan want to make a gift of amulet to Sui. She'd be much happy. But even without a gift, a parrot is Tarzan's. Sui gives Tarzan anything she owns. Thank you, Sui. But the charm is yours. I'll just put it around your neck. Bill. Yes, Bill. That's a good name for the parrot. Can you say your name? Bill? Bill? You know what I'm going to do, Sui?  By the time I return, he shall know many, many words. Oh, Tarzan, leave soon? Perhaps when Goro the Moon rises over the Congo. Wait for Tarzan in jungle. What? A strange warrior. What are you talking about, Sui? Sui forgot. She was looking for cooking herbs when great tall stranger grabbed her arm. He said, send Tarzan to me. Why didn't he come into the village? Oh, he afraid upon your warriors. Here, you better take care of Bill for me. I shall find out the business of this great tall stranger. Well, be careful, Tarzan. I shall be aware of tricks. I don't like the sound of the warrior's actions. Don't worry about me, Bill. I shall be back for you. Tell me your name and your tribe. State your business with Tarzan. Ni mirabo, Senegalese. A Senegalese? What are you doing here, thousands of miles from Senegal? Mirabo's people choose him to come to Tarzan, Lord of Jungle. I do not know your people. Senegalese know of Tarzan. No Tarzan strong, brave, wise. Only Tarzan can help my people in time of big trouble.  All young men of tribe disappear one at time. Soon, none but women, old men and babies left. Oh, but slave raiding has virtually been wiped out, particularly on the west coast. He's not slave raiders, Tarzan. Senegalese know way of slavers. No signs of struggle in forests. No horses or camels. Nothing. Well, whatever it is, it does not concern Tarzan. Talk to your government people in Dakar. Have been to Dakar, have been to Villa Cisneros, Spanish capital of Rio de Oro near Mirabo's tribe. Well? They send soldiers, not find anything. And how do you expect me to find anything? You, Tarzan. I would like to help you, but I've had many injuries lately. I hesitate because of the trek of thousands of miles required to reach your country. Both ways at Lagos to take Mirabo and Tarzan to Senegal. If Tarzan not come, no longer he be called Lord of Jungle. I shall come, Mirabo. Not to keep my title, but your respect. We shall return to Tarzan in just a moment. Wind blows, look like much trouble. We'll be docking within the hour. Surely the storm will not attack that quickly. Mirabo not think of ship and storm. He think of people in his village. Often during storm, Kahali spirits steal our young men. You said you didn't know who stole your young men. Who or what is this Kahali spirit? Only name, Tarzan. People not know what or who it is. Only that often in storm, Usha, the wind, singing new voice. And when storm has gone, gone to his Senegalese warrior. Usha, the wind sings in a new voice?  Mirabo speak with straight tongue. Song of Usha, sweet and strange. Like voice of angel, angel of death. We will not speak of it again. I cannot afford to be misled by your tribal superstitions. As soon as we disembark, we will go immediately to the district where the Kahali spirit steals your warriors. First Tarzan come to Senegal village for welcome feast. There will be time enough for feasts and celebrations when the Kahali is no more. That's good road, no Tarzan? Yes, for our country this road is fine. Clay is hard packed. Yet despite the work of cutting through the jungle growth, I always feel more comfortable when there is no path. As Tarzan and Mirabo travel north, path disappear. To Jigja was the last city we pass? One village at our remain before we reach border of Rio de Oro. And you believe the Kahali lies in that direction? Strange song of Kahali come from there. If only you would stick to facts instead of relying on your imagination. What was that? What was what? That strange far off sound. Mirabo hear nothing was Tarzan's imagination. There, I heard it again. Mirabo heard nothing. Perhaps Tarzan's hearing is more acute. I, I guess I heard the call of the Kahali. But if the strange music had not been a mere figment of Tarzan's imagination, at least it was heard no more that night nor the next. The last outpost of civilization, the tiny city of Atar, was left behind. Mile after mile of tangled forest was traversed. And then suddenly Mirabo's eyes were fixed and glassy. No, no, Mirabo, don't look like that. Mirabo, don't let it get you under its spell. I come, Kahali. Mirabo, catch him, Mirabo. I'll run after you until my legs desert my body. But although Tarzan ran with all his might, he could not overtake the entranced Mirabo. His legs ached from the running. His body was wet with heat and exhaustion. His tongue was swollen from thirst. And as he staggered on, the strange, beckoning call echoed in his ears, dinned in his brain, blotting out all else until Mirabo was forgotten and only the haunting melody existed. And as night descended on the Congo, the voice of Kahali finally led Tarzan to a small orchid-strewn clearing with a babbling spring. Water, wonderful water on an urn, wonderful silver urn. The water is as clear as a shaft of moonlight. Good. Over there, that soft bower of sweet-smelling boughs and moss. It is agreed that he is strong and handsome and has bronze skin, but we must bind him quickly and carry him within the walls of our fortress. He's no hurry. King Goliola of my tribe make him sleep long. It is a powerful opiate, but according to the stories, this Tarzan has the strength of a hundred men and he may awaken soon. Not awaken from Gingo, I'll walk you outside. Silenzio, Consuelo Del Vadas has spoken. The prisoner is to be bound and carried to the temple of justice. Mirabo. Yes, Buona. I cannot move. They helped Mirabo in chains. I will come to you. I'm in chains. And our prisoner is of heavy stone. How long has Tarzan been here? I don't know. I was just awakened by her groans. Or perhaps they were my own. My head swims even now. Tarzan and Mirabo drugged the powerful king of Wakioka, Mirabo, think. But the Wakioka, many moons from here, they are friendly to Tarzan. Us, not prisoners of Wakioka, the snakemen, though they everywhere in Africa, we prisoners of Kahali. Well, now we have some idea of how they lure their victims with some strange melody and then drug them. Perhaps we can find out the secret of their music in their ways and what they have done with your men. If we live long enough to find out... If someone comes. With man and chains, woman, this is equal. I would not attempt to escape. You are hardly likely to run away with these heavy chains and great luck securing us. What do you want with Mirabo and Tarzan? The Senegalese has to remain here. You are to come to our trial chamber, Tarzan. A trial chamber? See? I shall come willingly. When you stand before the court, Tarzan, I would advise you to be careful in your speech. There are some who would have you live, but a few hasty words would change that. What do you mean? I've said too much already. The trial awaits your presence. It is magnificent. See? It is made of costly teak wood and rare marble and the throne is set with an empires treasure of jewels. But the workmanship who created such a pavilion? Celestial, the court convinces. The trial begins. Advance, Tarzan. I have advanced to your throne, woman of beauty, but I shall make talk only with your chief. I am chief of Kahale. You?  There are none but women in this courtroom. There are none but women within the heavy walls of our fortress. What? We have no men, no live men. What have you done with the men you lured here, the Senegalese? Your tone is one of impertinence, but I shall answer. The men who have been brought here, both men of Senegal and those of other lands, have lived briefly. They have slaved and sweated and toiled, as men have long made women work. And when our use for them was finished, they were killed, snuffed out, as though they were nothing but puny, unimportant women of your world. Until now, I have never held women in contempt.  More of a savage? I am Consuelo de Varis. The blood of Castile blows in my veins. You do poorly by the flag of Spain. Bestante.  No, I must not kill Tarzan. He friend of my people. He has the strength of a hundred men. Or he could do much work in our city. He is a man. Our vow is to kill all men.  We shall have a vote then. Either he dies tomorrow, or he remains a prisoner among us. Bring out the voting kettle. Here is voting kettle, great Gahari. In the golden box beside my throne are two sections. One contains kernels of corn, the other small rocks. Each of you, my subjects, will pause before the box and take that which you choose. You will advance and drop one or the other in the kettle. No one will know how you cast your ballot. A kernel of corn for life, a small stone for death. So be it. Corn for life, stone for death. File before the throne and drop your token. Finger instead of spreeza. A kernel of corn, a vote that I live. And one for my death. Death. I have an even chance. To our dramatic story of Tarzan after a short message, Tarzan would be dead. But while he lived, he stood by the tiny window of his cell and examined as much of the fabulous city of women as he could see. The city was not large, but it was magnificent in its architecture and construction. And he was resolved to find out as much about the city and its occupants as he could before he died. His appearance and his personality worked wonders even with these women. And from Margarita, his jailer, and from Ibuana, who brought him a meager meal, he learned much. In Saville, Consuelo del Varus was a great musician, a pianist and an advanced student of harmonics and instrumentation. Yes, Margarita. She learned how to make a mirror break by the sounding of a note on a tuning fork and how to make a dog howl by striking a note unheard by human ears. Great science. Well, with Consuelo was a game, a sort of amusement. Until the day her love was spurned by Don Jose Casara, director of the Sevilla Opera Company. It was then that she designed the instrument that now leads many men to their death. After many years of work, she perfected it, and on the eve of Don Jose's marriage to another woman, she lured him to the edge of a great cliff and to his death below. Unrequited love is understandable. It often leads to violence, but all of these other men... The influence of her family enabled her to flee to the African color wheel de oro, Spanish possession, but each no man she met reminded her of her dead lover. She lured them all to their death, and then she founded this city. But the rest of you? Well, all of us have good reasons for hating men. I tell you these things, Tarzan, only because you can tell them to no one else. In the morning, you shall join the legion of men who have been killed by the Cajale. Tell me, Ibuana, why did you join the Cajale? Ibuana's father, no good.  Ibuana always hate him. When Ibuana 11, father sell her for two head of cattle as wife for Yorogi. As sorcerer, he too was unkind to you? He horrible, old man. Teach Ibuana to take King Goliola, drug that destroys. He beat me and pushed thorns under Ibuana's skin. But you could have gone to Yomitemi. Yomitemi is man. Ibuana hate men.  Consuelo the Cajale, find Ibuana in woods and lead her to city with song of Cajale. You mean those haunting notes have the same effect upon women? They cast spell. But with women it mean deliverance from men. With men, it mean death. Many will follow Tarzan to grave. Yorabo, are you in the next cell? Yorabo! Come to your window. We can talk better. Boy's window. Can you hear me? The deal. Yorabo, sorry. We have no time for sorrow. Listen, I have been asking many questions. If I ask any more, they will grow too suspicious. Find out where we are. Yorabo no could find place any time from position of mountains in distance. Oh, I can't see any from my window. Well, then you don't have to waste questions with that. Has Ibuana brought you a meal yet? No. She brought me one. She's probably gone back for yours. When she comes, beg her to let you see the strange instrument that sounds the call of Kahale. Tell her you're a friend of her people, the Wakayoka, and that it is your dying wish. Yorabo not think she bring it, even if she can. And it's worth a chance, Yorabo. It is our only chance. Leave it with Yorabo. But it does us no good. They have many. Is it small enough to pass through the window? Meteor. Well, slide it along the wall outside of your window as far as you can manage. Yorabo do is want to say all the way out as far as Yorabo can reach. I can feel it. The wall must be too thick. Stretch further. Yorabo, are you extending it at the base of the window? At middle. Well, keep it there. I'll slide my hand up. I feel something. I've got it. Tear something from your clothing or from your cut. Make wands of the material and stuff them in your ears. I shall do likewise. When it is late, I shall try my hand at the instrument. I shall pray that there is but one sentry. And I can lure her with the call of Kahali. It is well, Margarita. You are under my spell. I do your bidding. Unlike the door. Are you the only sentry? So, by outer gate. Give me the key to Yorabo's cell and the keys to our chains. Go into my cell and lie down. Sleep gently, Margarita. Sleep well. You can take the plugs from your ears, Yorabo. We'll be on their call now. Take the plugs out, I said.  Ours is not to destroy, Yorabo. An eye for an eye and a death for a death has never solved any problem. Those women back there have minds that are twisted and warped. They require help. We will report fully to the authorities in Dakar and then you will return to your people and eye to mine. It is good, Tarzan. Many moons later, Tarzan approached the village of the Punya tribe once more. After his experience with the women of Kahili, his mind echoed with a sentiment sometimes expressed by other men. I care not if I never see another woman as long as I live. But as it so happened, Sui, the native girl to whom he had entrusted his parrot, Bill, was the first person he saw upon entering the crawl. Hello, Sui. Tarzan, you are back. I've come for Bill. Now I shall take him to my home and teach him many words. Teach other birds also. Other birds?  Oh, then you keep him, Sui. Tarzan has had quite enough to do with a female of the species for a long, long time. In just a moment, we shall return to tell you about our next Tarzan story. It was whispered in the still jungle night. It grew into a murmur within the Boma of the native villages. And then as the message was relayed by the talking drums of the jungle, it became hysteria. Nothing could stem the panic. But this was the end of the world. In our next story of Tarzan.


We've worked very closely and very fruitfully in cooperation with that office. We're very grateful to Nils and as well as his Deputy Ambassador Jimmy Coker, his Chief of Staff, Katie Kampf, and others in that very important office. In his role, he is the Senior Representative, the U.S. Representative to the World Health Organization's Executive Board. He's the Principal Liaison with Health Ministries around the world. He is the Senior Most Advisor to Secretary Sebelius on Global Health Issues. And of course, we know she has played an important role in blessing the first global health strategy that was issued in the first Obama administration and in her own travels to Vietnam and Thailand in the summer. Prior to taking on this role, Nils, for 10 years, was the President-CEO of the Global Health Council, and we're happy to see today Christine Sau here, the new Executive Secretary of the Global Health Council, as well as Jono, Man, the Chairman of the Board. Prior to that position, Nils was the Deputy Assistant Secretary in the Bureau of Health in the Clinton administration, and in that role, really elevated USAID's voice and impact there. So please welcome, please join me in welcoming Nils today as our keynote speaker. Thank you. Thank you. Well, thank you. It's nice to be among friends. A lot of very familiar faces here, people I've worked with for, in some cases, decades. So it's a pleasure to be here. I want to talk briefly about universal health coverage as a construct, as a reality in the context of some of the international discussions that are taking place, as well as in the context of our own domestic policies and policy debates. I will frame some things from my vantage point, as someone who spent close to three decades in international development before moving into a domestic health agency. And also try to leave room and space for comments and dialogue at the end of this session. Universal health coverage is, I believe, one of the key public health challenges and opportunities of our time. It's also an area in which there is broad agreement. As many of you know, I frequently travel around the world representing Secretary Sebelius, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the U.S. government in a range of health discussions and negotiations with other ministries of health. And while there are many topics on which health leaders around the world do not agree, and we get to fight about those all the time, there is no question but that universal health coverage is a common goal, a common mission, an area in which when Secretary Sebelius goes to China and they have debates about trade agreements and debates about defense alignments and debates about currency, there is very strong similarity in terms of views about the importance of providing accessible, effective quality healthcare to all of the citizens and looking for ways in which we can share experiences and approaches in a constructive way. So from the global health diplomacy standpoint, universal health coverage is a both an effective and a very meaningful tool for international dialogue. As Dr. Margaret Chan has said repeatedly, universal health coverage is the single most important concept that public health has to offer. It's the best way to cement the health gains made during this previous decade. It's a powerful social equalizer and the ultimate expression of fairness. Now universal health coverage is not just a matter of having someone, government third party insurers pay for services. It is a systemic construct unique to each society that is aimed at better and more equitable health outcomes across all strata of society. It's both a technical agenda and a social justice agenda and maintaining a balance of these two drivers is vitally important to the success, the ultimate success of the universal health coverage movement. We have a counterpoint on that and I have friends here in this room who are well familiar with that counterpoint which was the declaration made 35 and a half years ago in Alma Ata that posited a goal of health for all by the year 2000. Health for all was very largely a social justice construct but it did lack some of the substantive technical underpinnings that would turn it into useful programmatic achievements and because of that while I think it had a very important impact in terms of international mobilization and the echoes of health for all still are heard loud and clear in debates on health care. It was not an agenda that I think any of us can say succeeded in the way that many of us had hoped. You have to have that balance of the technical and the social justice and so when I look at the substantive aspects of universal health coverage I view it through a variety of lenses that have to be in a sense overlaid in order to really get to the end point that I think we all share. The top layer is a layer of coverage and of course we need to make sure that people have access but access by itself doesn't do it in terms of real public health impact in terms of health outcomes. We have to have efficiency because without efficiency we will spend ourselves into bankruptcy as the United States is effectively shown and we also have to have a focus on quality of care because accessible and efficient health services that provide lousy services are not likely to make a meaningful impact on people's lives. And finally in my construct it's not just about those elements but it's also about the active engagement and interface between the health provider and the patient or the client or whatever name you want to give that person for true choice and joint decision making not the top-down medical construct that so often is seen in healthcare systems in which the doctor decides and the patient is expected often unreasonably to simply follow through with that and very often to the detriment of the health care of that person so the issue of meaningful engagement and joint decision making is in my view a very important aspect in the long run of whether universal health coverage is going to really have the impact that we're talking about. Now UHC is especially important now as we look to address the new geography of global poverty and I'm pleased to see my friend Ariel Pueblos-Mendiz here who speaks to this with great expertise and he may already have done so in which case I apologize for repeating something he may have said but I wasn't here this morning. As I said I've spent three decades working on issues of health care and equity in developing countries and like many of us in this room who have done similar work we did so in a world where poor people lived in low-income countries. This is no longer our global reality. Two decades ago nine out of ten of the world's poor, nine out of ten of the world's poor population, lived in low-income countries. Today nearly three out of four of the world's poor live in middle-income countries. Governments are coping with the reality that while average incomes are rising many of their citizens remain impoverished. Access to affordable care is critical if governments are to address this internal economic and frankly social disparity. Pulling people out of poverty requires a system-wide approach to achieve population-wide gains and also importantly an effective safety net to prevent medical impoverishment. Universal health coverage can serve as that unifying element serving as a potential umbrella by which to achieve population-wide health gains. This is why I believe that universal health coverage is a fundamental topic for the post-2015 development agenda discussion. The change in the geography of poverty is resulting in a shift away from the traditional development model of health assistance. When the MDGs, the Millennium Development Goals were created, they were created in the context of a world where the poor were in low-income countries. As the world comes together to create the post-MDG goals, we are in fact looking at a very different picture and are still struggling with how we can best accommodate to the new global realities in a way that remains true to our fundamental commitments to improved health and health equity. Middle-income countries no longer need traditional development agencies to build roads to send healthcare providers or provide medicine. Rather, what we see at HHS in terms of our interactions with our sister health ministries around the world is that countries are increasingly seeking technical collaboration to help them build better systems for themselves to address domestic needs. This is not to say that they no longer need resources. Resources continue to be a big challenge and I know that this is a topic that is very ripe in terms of the discussion of what the role of development assistance is in universal health coverage. But in fact what we see is very often what countries are asking us for is know-how, operational expertise in terms of a wide range of health programs and policies and procedures so that they can have the opportunity to build it themselves in the context that's most appropriate to them. For that reason I think that universal health coverage really will help to define the future of global health in which countries are creating and investing in their own health systems and becoming more self-reliant as social protection structures become more efficient and the challenge I think for traditional development assistance is finding ways in which to provide that assistance in effective leveraging context to help to catalyze that change without building further dependency or distortions into the domestic systems. Now as for the post 2015 goals I don't know whether universal health coverage will be the official overarching goal and the US has not as yet established a firm position on this because there's a lot of discussion and dialogue going on but as disease burden is more and more a key marker of inequity and wellness is the ultimate equalizer universal health coverage may well be the most powerful tool as well as mobilizer that we do have. I do know that as I said that there's considerable debate as to how much of the UHC agenda can be driven and supported by the international community and to what degree it needs to be homegrown and I look forward to comments and discussion about this later on in the session but as I said this is no longer an issue of the poor versus the affluent them versus us we're very much facing the issue of universal health coverage right here in the United States you may have heard of the Affordable Care Act I'll refer you to our website later clearly clearly the US has demonstrated that universal health coverage is in fact a universal issue just as we are a clear example as the United States is a clear example of how putting more and more money into health care does not necessarily result in better health care outcomes or more equitable health care and I'll talk briefly about our domestic situation because it is really a global arena in which we're operating now as I said after spending several decades working in international development I've now spent the last four years in a domestic health agency and therefore by the logic of Washington I am a clear expert on US domestic health care I'd like to talk a little bit about the journey that's taken place here in the US in our country we now spend 2.8 trillion dollars each year on health care which is far more per capita than any other nation this represents nearly one in every five dollars used in our economy a level a proportion nearly twice that of our nearest I hesitate to use the word competitor but as everyone in this room knows this has not made us healthier and in fact it has also not made us more competitive in the international arena it's just helping us to spend more and more in an apparently endless spiral part of our problem has been uneven access to care especially preventive services we live in a country with some of the best clinical specialists in the world and yet many Americans not only do not have access to those specialists once they are sick but they cannot even access basic preventive services to keep them from getting sick as I said wellness is the great equalizer and our health system has generally ignored this final issue in addition we see that the health system as we have constructed it here in this country devotes a an extraordinary level of resources to end of life care it's estimated that 40 percent of health care spending is spent in the last three months of a person's life now in some instances those resources are well spent and make a huge difference for the person and for the family and for the community and if I can say so even for society but in many cases it's driven by medical technology and what is possible to be done rather than what is desirable to be done and when I mentioned earlier the issue of patient choice and patient provider dialogue and interaction one of the things that we've seen is that in circumstances in which uh there is a well articulated interface and dialogue between the provider and the patient and the patient is empowered to make thoughtful choices and given the information that she or he needs in terms of prospects of various outcomes in a very large proportion of cases they choose the less technological heavy and certainly the far less expensive approaches which give them the opportunity to have time with their families to have the dignity of being at home and this makes a huge difference in terms of social outcome even if it doesn't result in greater lifespan and of course has the potential to make a huge difference in terms of healthcare expenditures so these things are issues that we're learning here domestically that we're working on very actively in the context of the Affordable Care Act in trying to rationalize and humanize the healthcare system and those are areas in which I think we have things to offer not as solutions but rather as a dialogue with partner countries who are beginning to face and encounter the same sets of issues there are of course two major obstacles that we always talk about cost or affordability and complexity or accessibility and again I mentioned some of the problems that are well known about the healthcare website which became too complex for people to use even when it was operating right we're simplifying it we're trying to make it more more oriented towards the user rather than towards the developer and the engineer but you look at where we are today compared to five years ago when I joined the Obama administration 50 million Americans were without any healthcare coverage since the passage of the Affordable Care Act and the opening of the marketplaces which allows people to sign up for affordable quality healthcare according to the latest figures nine million more people now have the security and peace of mind of health insurance that's not just people who've signed up through the marketplaces but the expansion of Medicaid the availability of health insurance for young people under their parents policies and other mechanisms in the broader context of universal health coverage the Affordable Care Act is not only about access it's about new rights and protections and that's the social justice side of the equation no one can any longer be denied coverage because of a pre-existing condition such as high blood pressure diabetes asthma pregnancy or prior cancer no woman can be charged more for coverage simply because she is a woman no longer will annual limits be allowed allowing coverage to run out just when people need them the most leading to medical impoverishment and no one will again have to worry about going without health coverage when they lose their jobs one of the benefits that we look towards in the not distant future from this growing flexibility in terms of health coverage will be in fact a more flexible and mobile workforce who are not chained to a job and position that does not suit them simply because they fear the loss of their health coverage and this could in fact result in new entrepreneurship new flexibility within the economy that could demonstrate itself in real hard economic growth terms that's still a conjecture but I think there's a solid reason to believe that it it is on the way so as I said in our international travels secretary Sibelius and I have found that this topic probably more than any other has been a regular feature of discussions with health care leaders from other countries at the World Health Organization and also at the WHO executive board where I've served as the representative in these conversations it's been very clear that there's no one size fits all model there is an infinite variety of of important dynamics that go on within the political economic and social structure of each country there's a huge variety in terms of capacity to meet a range of needs but the overall construct has really become very clear that as a common goal universal health coverage is is well recognized and desirable as I said around the world countries have successfully taken a range of approaches to health care coverage in regards to services to cost sharing financing and organization all of them have their particular advantages and each has unique shortcomings we have a responsibility to share both the advantages and shortcomings in a very honest and transparent way so that we can learn from each other so that we can modify and improve our various systems not with the aim of coming together in a single unified system around the world but rather being able to better tailor the systems that we are each building it but while it is the responsibility of individual governments and their people to decide how each will make health coverage a reality it is in fact our shared burden and shared responsibility to work towards these goals the world health organization also has a critical leadership role to play and one that they have assumed under Margaret Chen's leadership both in advocacy as well as in technical support last year the United States co-sponsored a world health assembly resolution on developing health workforce by promoting workforce education to meet the needs of universal health coverage and next week I'll be in Geneva for the executive board meeting to discuss a new resolution on health intervention and health technology assessment in the context of universal health coverage this resolution in many ways gets to the heart of what we're discussing here today how to design a health system that not only provides access to necessary services and interventions but that does so in a rational sustainable and patient-centered way while there's much enthusiasm around universal health coverage there is a great deal to be done and there's no clear or easy path this is an iterative process but it's certainly far from being an impossible road the progress that we've shown here in the US over the past five years and in countries around the world over the past decade or more make that very clear we're really in a very different context today than we were at the time of the launching of the Millennium Development Goals in the year 2000 President Obama reminds us that access to health care is not some earned privilege it is a right and quoting President Obama at the World Health Assembly has been a real delight because for many years the United States refused to use the word health and right in the same sentence it's very hard to disagree with your president so I'm very pleased to be able to quote him in that context our work means that the generations to come will have the opportunity to live happier and healthier lives and as a son as a husband as a parent and recently as a grandparent that could not please me more thank you very much Joe Gaye what works association how do you see PEPFAR evolving under universal a move toward universal insurance coverage hi Neils Paul Shaper with Merck more broadly than PEPFAR what do you see the change within the development aid for health architecture of the U.S. with a move toward universal health care Jill I'm not sure I can answer your question in terms of the impact of universal health coverage on PEPFAR certainly PEPFAR has been increasingly integrated into conversations that take place across the government and REL can attest to that in terms of maintaining the the legal the legislative focus on care treatment and prevention of people with or at risk of HIV and AIDS but also recognizing the importance of integrating that whole program of services and approaches into a broader health systems context I think that's going to be a significant challenge and I mean that in a positive way for the incoming global global AIDS coordinator Dr. Debbie Burks who's just been nominated by the president and I think what we're all looking for is ways in which PEPFAR will and it's already started this will transition out of an emergency response into a sustained response and that cannot be done without being deeply engaged in health systems and health systems development along the channels that I've been talking about there are a number of countries where PEPFAR is working now to develop agreements with the countries in which greater responsibility and direction and leadership is taken by the by the country at national authorities themselves and I think it's early on in the process but I think the interaction between PEPFAR USAID and parts of my department is probably a useful development we're seeing similar kinds of developments within the global fund to fight AIDS TB and malaria Paul I will take a shot at the the development aid architecture but I will also invite my friend Ariel to comment on that because we we you know we're seeing we're seeing the same elephant but from from different angles in in this context as I said repeatedly today I come to this position from really very much an international development perspective because that's where I've devoted most of my working life and I think that USAID is a vitally important part of the the the global agenda in terms of both health and the broader development context but I am seeing from this new perch a different side of things which is the the very deep interest and respect that host governments and particularly ministries of health have for as they call us their sister agency and there's an enormous interest in working with CDC NIH the Food and Drug Administration even domestic agencies within HHS such as the Health Resources and Services Administration the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration basically to to to get to get some of that shared experience and expertise and I have to say this has been far from a one-way street the people who I have met at HHS who started out being domestic health people and who got engaged through PEPFAR or other mechanisms in the international arena a lot of them have stumbled we we all know that international development is not simple and you have to have some understanding of the complex dynamics of societies and cultures you can't just apply what we do here in the US but they've learned a great deal and I think they they've become better professionals as a result so I think what we're seeing is a shift not a not a transition but a gradual shift into more and more of that technical collaboration between similar parts of our governments but one in which particularly in the poorest countries where the more traditional development assistance continues to play a very vital role in terms of providing the resources and the the sort of the poverty orientation which is different from the health technical orientation Ariel can you thank you and that's indeed the heart of the matter Paul and that's why it's great the CSIS has convened this conversation it's a more complex conversation it's not a simple issue to get right and it's even less simple to communicate it well in Washington or to the American people and yet I think more and more people will understand that that's what's happening the world is changing very fast and PEPFAR specifically has I think attempted to move from the first five years which were we need to go in and save lives there were not enough resources and you came in with a vertical parallel system but they accomplished the job and in the second five years PEPFAR has been more nuanced indeed more integrated building capacity we and UCAD have been doing a lot of that with the health systems work and the next five years for PEPFAR are going to be more complex and challenging the the approaches will will not work anymore because South Africa now come by all their entrepreneurial pills and what does that mean so as Nils alluded earlier in his presentation what I've been calling the economic transition of health growing domestic resources not in all countries but in most and very fast means that we had to adjust and change precious Obama global health initiative gave us all of the principles to deal with that complexity but the budget realities had not followed not only in amounts but in the qualitative architecture that you are suggesting not only to do the job of development well in this new space but also to plan the seeds for the future I tell Nils and I've told in many other places that as development succeeds and is succeeding widely around the world all I mean all of this growth in economics and better governance and better health has been an incredible success for the last 20 years we certainly hope at UCID President Kennedy we were funded to eventually to the ultimate day in which the countries can stand on their own from development assistance but I tell Nils the future then belongs to HHS and many of you in universities who work as grown-up partners with already countries like Brazil or Mexico or South Korea or Taiwan and so on so forth it's a different dynamic we have not invested in that future very well today PEPFAR has a mandate but there should be some budget for the office that Nils has to have health at the chest in more countries that can orchestrate the relationships with all of the other agencies and entities public and private in this country we have to imagine that future now and begin to tee up an end in the end I've learned in Washington budget talks and so how the architecture of the budgets evolve will become very important but all of us getting it right communicating it right will be important if we're going to be successful because the longer it takes we are missing opportunities for the leadership that the US has played in the previous paradigm and what it still has to play in the upcoming paradigm and let me just add one thing to that which is that the issues themselves that we're dealing with are also shifting in the in the the dialogue globally whereas 30 years ago it was maternal and child health reproductive health infectious diseases what we're seeing and I think everyone here is well aware is a huge surge of non-communicable chronic diseases around the world which of course is the the issue that has driven our health care costs here in the United States when you look at non-communicable diseases they are I call them I actually say that they are they are not non-communicable they are socio-communicable diseases they're driven by markets by global trade by economics by urbanization by the changes that are going on in the world and the response to those kinds of health issues is qualitatively different than child survival or safe motherhood in that very often it's national policies and importantly trade policies that play a vital role in serving as the drivers and so you know in our context my office now has as I think you're well aware one of my deputies really focuses a great deal on the trade issues and the health aspects whether that has to do with tobacco or other related topics that are fact important factors in the emergence of non-communicable diseases I think that's going to be a growing part of the international dialogue on both universal health coverage and better health care thank you one quick observation and then a closing question for Nils the observation is in listening to you talk about the case for universal health coverage and then talk about what's happening here in the United States and then the unresolved question around is what is the U.S. position heading towards the end of 2015 on the post MDGs and it's an unresolved issue it did remind me that when we have in our country and a health reform moving towards universal health coverage that has so deeply cleaved our country and in which we have one party making the opposition to that it's it's top it's top priority heading into the 2014 cycle and perhaps the 2016 cycle and the reverse being the case on the on the Democratic Party versus the Republican Party it it does create an enormous dissonance in trying to talk about what our position is on universal health coverage and on a global level right because by taking that position it's very hard to dissociate or distance the two the two phenomenon you have to somehow walk and chew gum at the same time around what we have as such a deep division around this within our own country and we're trying to forge a consensus as Ariel's pointed out trying to forge a new consensus around what do we mean by universal health coverage globally and so just to close the question would be Nils you sit at that point of you you sit on the edge of that of that tension line right because you're you're the lead personality on the global issues at HHS but you're part of HHS so you are you are deeply embedded within this enterprise this historic enterprise that is underway in the United States how do you foresee dealing with reconciling this dilemma in the next two years when we we have now what 23 months or plus before we get towards the conclusion of this and the U.S. role in the deliberations around the post MDGs is going to be critically important well I'd say there are there are two aspects to that one is the domestic aspect which as you note is very conflictual I think ultimately the domestic side of this debate will will be determined by what happens by the outcomes ultimately the noise and the politics will be drowned out by the reality and it is our very strong belief and expectation and certainly our profound hope that the Affordable Care Act will have sufficient and clear benefits to the American people that they'll say oh yeah this this works and let's get on with things but you know that's fortunately I don't deal with the domestic politics of of that so I am spared that particular bright flame on the international side it's it's very interesting the the you know we I meet as I say regularly with with colleagues and counterparts from around the world and they just don't understand what all the fuss is about they you know they they say you know of course everybody should have coverage why are you still fighting about this and they are very appreciative of the efforts underway here and Secretary Sebelius is a is a absolute rock star internationally wherever she goes they want to hear about her efforts on on the Affordable Care Act so so it really hasn't gotten in the way of our in fact it's been a positive net positive in terms of our international relationships and and on on the part of many of the the countries that I deal with the the basic responses well thank goodness it's about time now we can sit politely in the same room and have the same conversation so that's made it easier as far as the the issues relating to the MDGs I haven't yet seen the domestic battles come into that discussion I'm hopeful that they won't I'm not naive enough to be optimistic but I'm hopeful but you know this is this is an area where we really need I think to to maintain a focus on I think what has been a very strong bipartisan non-partisan effort from the United States on health care improvement around the world and that's certainly been my effort thank you very much we've reached the end of this part of our program so please join me in thanking Assistant Secretary Golaire we're going to move immediately into our next panel