Mae'n mynd i'ch weld ymlaen â'r llwylo a'r deunyddiaeth ar y ddod yn i gafodod. Mae'n ddau i'ch gyrdd yng Ngeddenydd o'r phefyd i fynd i'r ethos, y llwyddiad eithos. Mae oedd yn ymddorol, mae eithaf o Chicago, mae eithaf o'r plott ac mae'r cymaint oedd eich llwyr o'r llwyddiad o'i digon, mae'n llei'n meddwl. Mae'n ffant ymddangos ei ffordd, yw'r ddodio'r banyddol ym Gwyrddon. Mae'n meddwl i'n meddwl o Popup, mae'n llwy Fyffryn, ond mae'n ei dweud, mae angen i'n meddwl, mae'n meddwl i'n meddwl i'r projag. Yn amlwg a'r gwaith. Yn amlwg ymddangos iddiw'r metrach â yw sy'n gweithio'r ffordd o'r gwaith hwn ar y cyflawn i'r gweithio neu'r gron i'r amlwg o'r ffordd o'r cyffredinol ac mae'r gwaith sy'n gweithio'r gwaith yn ddweud mor ffordd. Yn oes i gweithio'r gwaith o gwaith. Mae'n gweithio'r gwaith o'r ffordd o'r gwaith. Mae'n gweithio ar gyfrifol, mae'n gweithio'r gweithio'r gwaith. yn oedrygiadu, ond mae eich cyfnodau, mae'r cyfrannu cyfnodau. Mae'r cyfrannu i'r cyfrannu i'r cyfrannu a'r cyfrannu i'w ddweud o gwybod i gael gweithio'r sydd gweithio'r cyfrannu i fod yn gweithio'r cyfrannu o'u cyfrannu i'r cyfrannu i'w ddweud rhyngwlad rhyngwlad. Ac mae'n dod i'r cyfrannu i gweithio'r cyfrannu i gael. Yn ymgylchedd gyfeirio, ond mae'n creu'r cyfrannu i gael. The logic says if that was the grid 50 odd years ago, and we started in 2000 to begin to catch a little bits of the land as these buildings need rebuilding or rethinking, some of them are not going to be replaced because the economies aren't all going to go shooting up again and they become spaces and you can start to produce a green growing so what you're beginning to look at is a migration any way in this direction it's almost like a natural revolution and it was predicted by Schumacher in the 1970s I said we need cheap and easy access to this. It's got to be global. You can't just have the rich doing it. We want it suitable for little places like school environments, backyards, terraces, tops of buildings, flats. But we want to be able to take it across entire systems. So it has a detail and a dynamic to it. And it needs to continuously enable people to be creative, which is the one thing that we hold as we move from industrialisation into the next stage. So in the pop-up project we start with simple stuff. Drawing attention to what's there. And it's lots of it and you can do it in lots of fun ways. And I'll show you a few pictures. That was one of the Burnley projects. This was kids looking at the wall and they did it with their hands and they worked with an artist to think about how they could change what looks like a pretty redundant bit of concrete. And it just wakes it up and makes it interesting. I'll jump past that. Now I just wanted to ask you some questions about your farmers club. Okay, so I'd like to ask one of you what's the best thing about the farmers club? The best thing in the farmers club, we learn how to plant crops. We learn how to plant crops in good methods like practising agroforestry. Wow. And we plant many crops like banana plants, maize and green vegetables for our staff to enjoy. And do you eat them as well in the school? Yes. Yes? Ah, good. And yes? In the young farmers club so that you can share with our family. Ah, okay, so... So our family in this context are those kids who are feeding themselves in their school. They grow their own food. They're looking for ways in which they can start to extend that as an economic project. Our family in Burnley at the same time are saying, they saw this film, they said, how can we help these kids? How can we do something interesting with them? What are they growing? And they sent the message back to them in Uganda and said what would be a good cash crop? Coffee. Coffee is the thing. And it's good coffee, Ugandan coffee. So we set a project up in Burnley based on Sir Alan Sugar, You're Fired, yeah? Raw Capitalism, okay? And the kids got onto this and said, ooh, this is a bit weird, we'll ever go at it. So there's a little film they made. This is a film the children made when I went to visit them and set them the challenge because each of the projects in pop-up farm is like somebody said earlier about the design of what teachers intervening and designing. This is an example of designing a learning environment where the children then go off and do stuff. So what these kids are going to do is they're going to set up a coffee company and it's going to be selling coffee as of August, September next this year at the local football club. And they have to do an advert, they've got to do a pitch for their involvement in the lead team and the rest of their class, these are 11-year-olds, the rest of their class are involved in the management of the business and it's going to be registered at company's house, the governors of the school are the directors and it's a proper viable company, okay? So if I can get this to work it should just click on there and it should start and it does, yes it does. Ooh, sound. This is Bill. I've excelled in many tests and I encourage other people and I'm determined. I am lots of enthusiasm. My former job, I was the CEO of the social movement. I get on with people, I'm a good leader but if somebody steps out of line I'm straight on it and I'll always determine them to be more, I'll always encourage them to be more like me because I'm very and I have many skills and many qualities so that's why I'm a good leader. I'm a winter skiller and I work at Argos in the customer services and I'm here because I win I can bring lots of money through I can do anything you name it and I'll do it. Lots of people come with a dark assassin but no one will. I never let anyone let me down. I get stabbed in the back I'll tell them where to shove it. So that's the time. I'm a professional curler I'm 11 years old and in it the minute I've got skills in this field I've done many things that give me a lot of experience. I think, well I don't think I know that I'm going to win this show it's a bit of a fact. I've done things in the past they've got me prepared for this show and one of my key features is that I can make a lot of money for Professor Paul and it's all good and I'm determined I'm eager and I'm ready I'm going to win it. It's not... it's not arguable. Hello I'm Mac and I'm very talented. It goes on like this you can see it on the web. I need to work up the course. I can't give it a shut up now. So we went through this process of getting the children to sort of think about their role in the project in terms of being sales people for the coffee project. So if you start there it says the farmers club that's our Ugandan project and they're growing coffee and food the children in Burnley are involved in the setting up of the pop-up challenge to sell the coffee. They started organising a campaign anyway the outcome of that video was they decided to create a coffee brand called Thoughtful Coffee because it got you thinking about sustainability connections globally to locally all that stuff. They needed a vehicle I happened to meet Aaron the other day with his canoe machine and I thought wow we've got a sustainable system of moving around because it's got a little engine on it. It's a little electric engine the more you peddle this engine boosts up some guy in Vancouver makes it and we've got a sustainable coffee machine to bike machine to take the coffee to the football club which is where they decided they would get their best sales 20,000 people turn up at a match each week they might sell 2,000 cups of coffee it's a decent revenue they know it's going to be viable they're checking the daily prices they're looking at the international rates for coffee they've got an import-export licence set up they're liaising all the time with these kids about long term plans you begin to see the way this thing could take off the local football club Burnley then taught to Liverpool Football Club Liverpool Football Club said we're a global team we've got people all over the planet as our supporters and we get given half a million pounds a year for community development for Liverpool to take their ideas about community and through football to people in lots of places we'll work with you on this internationally so we're going to use the Liverpool funds to take it to lots more schools in Africa and it gives more revenue for the seeds it becomes a virtuous circle but it doesn't stop there because the children then got really canny and they said, hang on a minute waste is one of our themes in pop-up what happens to the waste from the coffee we could make that into a fertiliser to grow mushrooms so they went to the Ministry of Defence and they said, have you got any of these tankers you know those things out there those Costco things what are they called, container loads have you got any of those that you don't want and the Ministry of Defence said we've got hundreds of them after the Iraq war so we said, right, well we'll have them so we're going to put one on every single school site and have a coffee and a mushroom farm it doesn't end there because once the mushrooms have grown inside those vans because they're perfect environments to grow what happens then is you've got waste mycelium which is a fantastic fertiliser so you've got a composting system so you've got three businesses that will be running across the town all of which generates revenue for the project internally for those children that they're working with you begin to see how these things have a sort of a serendipidin, a life of their own and the possibilities become fascinating we can begin to imagine a different type of future through the simplicity of something like this and the pattern and begin to use that as the basic structure to understand what sustainable living might be about in the future it could be an orchard on a street it's something about nourishing and providing it gives us in a sense the idea that everything around us just like in the forest, in the jungle everything around us feeds or nurtures something else in a positive way there's a constant positive orientation and contagion from it


Well, Fish and Freaks, welcome on back to the channel. This is a brand new truck and we're gonna be talking about that in just a second. But let me just say, we are back from the great Northern Dangle, one of the best smallmouth fishing experiences of my life. If you guys haven't watched that series yet, I will link it down below. I got these birds are just nestin' up, up in the tree house. And it is just hotter than a dagum toaster oven down here in Texas, man. I mean, it is like sweltering to go out and bass fish during the middle of the day. It's a toughie. So if you're new to the channel, we're inquiring about the Duramax. I've done some other videos with some issues that I have had with them. I'll go over that in just a second. Today, we're just kind of vloggin', takin' a tour of the new rig and why I have it. So three or four times I had manifold issues, transmission, just throwin' codes. It was goin' into the shop basically straight out of the gate, having problems. And then this last week that we were filming, or Googin' week, was like right after I got back from my Northern Dangle trip. I had some other guys in the truck. Lojo was with me. One of our producers with myth was with me. Somebody else was in the truck. It was loaded down here. We didn't have a boat trailer attached. We were driving back from somewhere and it felt like we ran over something. It was like, do-doosh! And the world was that.  I was like, I swear, I didn't see anything. And then the next day, I hooked the boat up. We were towing it. I started goin' up these little slight inclines and it was like right when the truck wanted to downshift. It was like, do-doosh! And then I could see clearly I was not runnin' over anything. Everybody in the truck felt it. And we were like, whoa, that is something with the transmission. Kept happening along the trip. You know, we got there, we were able to fish, and then all the way back, it started happening again. And then I just, I parked it. I was at the Guggen HQ, just left it there, you know, we were filming. And then I drove it home without a trailer hooked up to it. And it really, it started doin' it really bad. And then it went into limp mode, which is, if any of y'all have ever had, you know, a diesel engine that's gone into limp mode, basically restricts your speed, get the gearing. It kinda goes into a safe program mode. Definitely shouldn't ride around on it very long, but I was lucky I was only like five miles from my house when it went into that. Luckily y'all, I got in my driveway, put it in park. It was good. I just knew that better not drive that truck anymore. Next morning, called my closest Chevy dealer, happens to be classic Chevrolet over there in Grapevine. Also happens to turn out their service department. One of the guys over there watches the videos. Like he already knew a lot of the issues.  Just come in, we'll come pick it up and we'll take care of you and we'll help you trade into a new truck. So gotta give a shout out to the boys, especially in the service department over at Classic Chevrolet for number one, watching the videos. And then number two, help me out with the truck. I told them in a tight spot, I was like, man, I gotta get back on the dangle, man. Can you help me? Can you help me out? Went above and beyond. It's something I didn't even think about. It was like moving all the stuff I had on the other truck because I had the cap, I had the lift, I had tires. You know, I had all these accessories, bumpers, running boards, all that stuff. They got everything moved over and exactly in place. It is a brand new engine. I even got a sunroof. That's about the only thing that's different. Oh, and the interior. The interior is dark.  We can get in touch with the stars or get the Texas sun beating down on us more than it already is. But anyway, that's all the same LTZ package. Running boards. Wah-Bam. Got our fender flares. Wah-Bam hooked up. Tires and rims, those tires are expensive, you know. So moving those over helped out a ton. Truck cap installed. Very nicely, by the way. They even cleaned the tires, shined them up, made them look brand new. Shout out to Joe and also Toby in the sales department. Let's get in this puppy. Start it up.  Got a little bit more light coming in here. Look at that. Air conditioned seats in Texas. I can tell you that's an upgrade. That's a major upgrade. Some of y'all are probably thinking, if you had that many problems with that truck, why are you getting the exact same thing? Like, don't you wanna move on to something else that you know is more reliable? That is a good point, my dear friend. But after you've seen the performance out of this SAS truck with pulling a boat, which I have behind me like 70% of the time, and just overall the torque, like the torque in this little truck, I don't wanna switch. If worse came to worse, and like all these little 3.0 Duramaxes we're having issues, then yeah, I'd probably step up to like an L5P2500, you know, the 6.6 liter Duramax, that is, you know, there's tons of information on it. Everyone knows that engine works. It's super powerful, but the truck's so big. It is so big. It's cumbersome to get around. It's cumbersome to park. You know, I've fished in a lot of urban situations. I wanna be able to maneuver the truck, park things easier, it's a rougher ride. There's just a lot of negatives, whereas like the 1500 I feel is perfect size. Colorado too small, not enough. Not enough room for all of my gear.   But I think this is the perfect mixture if you're just looking for that one truck daily driver, and then you're getting, I get 15 to 17 miles to the gallon pulling my, my bass boat, which is crazy. And then without it, I'm getting like 28, 29 miles to the gallon. So that's super efficient. Like my wife's car, for example, you know, her Volkswagen, it gets like 20 miles to the gallon. Also, you're getting that torque. And once you experience the torque I'm telling you, it's hard to go back to gas.  And they make a 6.2 liter in this Chevy that gets just as much torque. It gets way more horsepower. So you've got that, you know, nice throttle response, getting up on the highway, going muddin', you know, doing whatever you can tow with it, but it's just not as efficient. And it's not putting out the torque at a low RPM. That's the whole thing with a diesel. Like, I forget how much more it is to upgrade. I think it's 2,600 bucks or 3,000 bucks for the 6.2 liter gas or a 3.0 diesel. But with a diesel, you're just getting way more torque at a lower RPM. If you're not trying to, you know, win street races, if you're towing stuff around, a lot like me, easy choice. I liked it so much, that's why I chose to get into the exact same truck. I want to take it for a little spin. I mean, it's literally got less than a hundred miles on it. So far, so good. This has a 10-speed transmission, so it's really smooth. But man, that other one, it felt like, woo, feel like somebody threw a log down underneath the wheels, it's crazy. We will definitely put it through its paces. Like I told you guys, when I first started making videos about this truck, like, I'm gonna let you know what's going on, and I have, okay, the good, bad, and the ugly, and the ugliest. But there's also something in the back of my truck right now, that's kind of like a nice addition to the truck, I'm gonna show you. So of course, all the cameras and stuff on this thing are awesome too. I mean, I think a lot of the other models have that, so that's not like a crazy thing. It's something I like about the truck. But you know, I'm always looking for the next advantage in the outdoors. Ever since I started going like truck camping, it's kind of addicting. Like, you just, I don't know, you guys gotta try it.  Found something really cool. Actually, John B. introduced me to this right here. This is a cooler, it's made by Dometic. And this is basically a refrigerator slash freezer, so you can have whatever in here. You know, you don't have to use the ice. It is electronically powered. It is a very efficient system. So I'm not sure, I don't know any of the technical data on it, but it just kind of sips the power and I'm actually testing it out right now. So Dometic sent me one of these actually. So thank you, Dometic, for doing that. Really nice. But hey, go ahead and get me a full water out of here. You know, I can rough it, I can go up on a mountain, sleep up there for a week, but I'm taking the wife, taking the baby, taking the family, we need some accoutrements going on. So I'm doing some testing and I like that it just sips the power. So we just hooked this up to the jackery and put it on the DC power. I think it's a little bit more efficient with the DC power. So that's just like your regular car plug-in. I've had this on all day and there's another power cell that I've got from Dometic. And I went through that yesterday afternoon through the night and so it sat 70%, it was at 90 this morning, so it'll definitely get all the way through the day. And then I can use a solar panel to charge this and then it'll just keep it rolling so I can actually switch out the battery power cells from the Dometic to the jackery one and just keep the coolness flowing. So another addition, what we're gonna be adding onto this adventure wagon is a camper, or not a camper, we already have the camper. We're gonna be adding a rack to this. And let me tell you guys something about trying to go get a truck accessories right now. It is insane, the market, everyone is like wanting to go camping, they're wanting to go adventuring, I'm sorry about the shriveless dudes in the background, let me scoot over here, sorry about that. It's a 60-day waiting period for one of the things I wanna get on top of this truck, which is a rhino rack. It's basically like a flat top. It'll go, although it's not just the racks like I had on the old Tundra, it's an actual like flat rack and you can put anything up there, it'd be great for the kayak, it'll be great for just putting extra gear, putting a cooler up there if you wanted to, extra diesel, water, whatever, stuff like that, when you're going on your adventures. So that's the next thing, but that is gonna take a while apparently because everyone is tricking out their vehicles, everyone's doing home projects right now. And then I guess we're gonna add some lights up to the top and then really trick it out with some lighting and that's gonna be about it. That's about all I can think of. It's gonna be fully ready and rigged for when it cools down, we start doing more camping, hunting, all of that stuff. Technology these days, technology that you can put into your vehicle, your boat, just the entire outdoor industry has come a long ways since I started my dangle. Back at the tree house, transmission issue free. I gotta feed the chickens y'all, gather the eggs for the day, look at them. They're getting excited. They know, they know what's coming. The flock party is coming.   He'll come on in there, you gotta get you some there boy. Heat up there boy. He is a ferocious eater, look at him. Chickens are like really precise, you know they'll take their beaks and they just like get the one specific thing they want and then you know the duck just blah blah blah. He just comes in there bulldozes it with his bill. So normally this time of day we have two eggs. Our hands have started laying a little bit later than our laying hands. Oh my, we only have one egg. What is going on here? Do we not have another egg? We do not. Normally I pick up two eggs out of here every day, I'm not kidding. This is so strange to be in the afternoon and only have one. But we are at a spring going into summer and then eventually in the winter the egg production will slow down quite a bit. But speaking of that, these hens right here y'all, they're basically full grown. This barred rock right here, she will get all up in your business hand feeding. You can see like these, like a Easter egg, wants nothing to do with it. Just nothing to do with the duck, it's all over it. The wine dot, very timid. Yeah, even the other barred rock, I mean he'll get in there, she'll get in there. But if you guys are thinking about getting chickens, barred rocks, Plymouth barred rocks, reds, like this one right here, they're super friendly and they're really easy to handle. Like I can grab them, I can pick them up. Just makes it easy for animal husbandry. Easter eggers, I don't know what it is, but they are like wild hawks.  Easy way, which I think is pretty cool.  Yeah, he's always down. He's always down for millworm, munch, and sesh. Our other seven chickens will be laying here in another month. So we're looking at potentially getting anywhere from seven to nine eggs a day, five to nine. Five to nine eggs a day, we'll say conservatively. Nine in the spring months and heading into summer and then late fall, winter, and we'll have a little less eggs, but that is a lot of eggs. And what's really cool, they're gonna be all different kinds of colors. Really nice, real nice eggs. All different kinds of colors. And just to let y'all know where my head's at on adventure camping with the truck, I've been salivating it, they truck bagged, so glad I got it out. While I haven't had it, I've been preparing for my adventures. So really want to get the rack on top so I can get some of this gear up there, space it out a little bit. Preparing for elk season as well, let's not forget that.  During the middle of the day, I spent my time, you know, during the hot hours, packing up, getting ready, getting ready for the adventures. Always gotta prepare in the mind. And we are gonna sign it off for today's vlog, checking out the new, new truck and just getting ready for the next adventure, y'all. So thank you for tuning in for every single episode here on the channel. Don't forget to go watch Unthod the Great Northern Dangle, linked down below. Subscribe out here so you don't miss a single episode. I'll see you guys next time, God bless you.


We lose nutrients from cooking our food and unfortunately, we do to a fairly drastic extent. What's interesting is if you look up denaturing of vitamins on a table, it doesn't actually seem like these vitamins lose exposure to heat, you know, it doesn't like vitamin A is slightly sensitive, vitamin C is the only real concern, the only real unstable vitamin on paper is vitamin C, but when we actually cook the meat, various juices are lost and this temperature is very high over a long period of time, so we're actually losing fat and juices from the meat and that might not seem like a big deal, but if you actually cook the meat to meet you well, well done, you lose 35 to 50% of the B vitamins and 10 to 20% of the other vitamins. So what that means is a person consuming a primarily well-cooked food diet will be getting much more calories with less vitamins whereas a person consuming a raw food diet will be getting less calories with more vitamins. That's why we see people on cooked carnivore consuming a higher volume of food for the most part and we can also speculate that that might be a reason that people have a hard time losing weight and satiating their appetite initially on this diet is not only because they're cooking their food a lot but they're not eating high-quality nutrient-dense foods and it's kind of like a double-edged sword, not only are you buying foods that don't have a lot of vitamins, you're cooking any vitamins that were in them down, you know, 50% for B vitamins and 10 to 20% for the other vitamins. A lot of this stuff will also tie into fresh versus frozen and I honestly didn't even think I needed to do a video on fresh versus frozen after talking about this but the enzymes are, there's three in meat to my understanding. The glycolytic enzymes which turn the muscle glycogen into lactic acid after the animal dies and what that does is it changes the pH of the meat, it inhibits certain bacterial growth. The function of that just seems to be like a process in nature, I don't really understand what benefit there is. I mean from a taste perspective there is a benefit, it changes the color and texture of the meat. The second enzyme the proteolytic enzyme which changes the size of the protein and makes it smaller is definitely, it definitely seems important for digestion but in the context of consuming the enzyme in its raw form, can it help digestion? Speculative, yes, it's a possibility but on paper to me it just seems like that enzyme only has a function before you consume the meat and then if you cooked the meat, I mean wouldn't it make sense that the proteins are still smaller so that's just speculation on one reason why raw meat might digest better but it's more just likely that when you degrade the vitamins and all those things in the cooked meat, there's more waste. So the third enzyme the fat hydrolyzing enzyme, we know that when we ferment certain animal products the bottom of K2 content increases and what's interesting is when we look at these enzymes and cured meat and charcuterie, we look at them as beneficial but in fresh meat we consider it spoiled so there's definitely something to be said about the fat hydrolyzing enzyme and how it benefits the meat in regards to certain nutrient and bacteria and but when you eat that technically speaking the vitamin K2 content would be higher regardless of whether you cooked it or not so there's definitely an importance to enzymes in raw foods and how they change the meat in regards to taste as well as nutrient content but you know we don't really lose them when the meat is frozen and cooking the main concern with cooking is the vitamin content so to me these enzymes need to be studied more there's just not enough information out there for me to be do anything but speculate on them and I guess we talk about my anecdotes so technically speaking I've really only been on a raw animal diet although in some videos I sear my meat on the outside and it's all to it the inside still raw and I'm kind of like tricking my body that I'm eating cooked meat so maybe that's why I eat more in some cases but that's just like an interesting anecdote that I've noticed is that I consume you know you know I can't really say that because when I do an only raw meat diet in a lot of cases I can rant myself up to consuming like three to four pounds of raw meat a day if I wanted to if I was super active and ate as much as I could every meal so it's not necessarily a food volume comparison of raw versus cooked to me it's just more it's just easier to eat a large amount of it and it's more palatable with salt on it in some cases not that raw meat when you're adjusted to it is palatable but you know I've always consumed organ meats and egg yolks and most of my foods raw I would say in regards to food volume and percentages I mean searing your steaks on the outside is probably less than 5 to 10 percent of your food being cooked and just in the overall context of the food I've been eating for the past few years I'd say I'm less than 5 percent heated or cooked foods I just want to clarify a few things I know you guys have seen me doing like some one way more recent zero-carb meals like I cooked some eggs and maybe I cook the meat a little more but that is not what I have usually been doing and even these past two weeks I've kind of graduated back to completely raw a little bit so can you be healthy on both a cooked carnivore diet and a raw carnivore diet I think you can but what matters is the initial nutrient content of the food you know if the food doesn't have these vitamins and minerals and nutrients in the highest amount then it doesn't really matter if you cook half of them out if they weren't in it in the first place and you know unfortunately people don't understand the importance of nutrient density of the meat as well as cooking temperature and how it affects nutrient density you know you're buying poor quality meat you're cooking all the nutrients out of it and you're complaining that you're eating you know four to five pounds of meat a day and you're still hungry and you're not losing weight I think this is a big topic that people need to hear in general in the zero-carb carnivore diet thank you guys for watching if you'd like to support me please just share the channel there's a bunch of other ways you can support me as well I'm trying to be more active on Twitter lately and I'm on we're doing a live stream if I wake up for some reason at like 5 or 6 a.m. on Sunday I'll do one for the Europe my European followers because like literally 20 30% of my viewers are European so I'd like to do one earlier and then we'll do one around the same time we did last week around 12 noon to 1 p.m. EST on Sunday I want to do two live streams if I miss the first one in the morning then I might do one later although I don't really know what time zone I'd be catering to by doing you know of a live stream at 8 to you know 11 p.m. Eastern time but let me know guys any other videos you like to see in relation to this you know the fresh versus frozen thing is kind of just the same information so maybe we'll do that I just wanted to throw in that cooking can also affect the histamine content of the food especially if you grill it or fry it boiling actually reduces histamine content I just wanted to throw that in there and that histamine is another thing that can be discussed in light of my recent problems with it and for goji man and all you people who are start starting to talk shit about histamines in the carnivore diet the only reason you're bringing it up is because you found about it for me and that's the first time I've ever had that problem in six years and it's only a problem in a fairly select percentage of people I would say less than 10% of people have a sensitivity to histamine and that's mainly because of gut problems in regards to certain enzyme that's produced to break down histamine


Hello, my name is David Miller, and I'm from the Center for Open Science, and this is a short explainer about the top guidelines and top factor. The transparency and openness promotion guidelines include eight modular standards that journals or funders can apply to increase the openness and reproducibility of scientific research. First one includes data citation recommendations. Second, third, and fourth are transparency guidelines for data materials and analytical co transparency. And that include guidelines for design and analysis transparency through use of reporting guidelines and checklists. It includes recommendations for how to incentivize pre registration with or without analysis plans. And finally, it includes recommendations for how to publish or support replication research studies. Each of the eight levels of the top eight standards of the top guidelines can be applied in three levels of increasing rigor starts out with not compliant policies that generally represent the status quo. The first compliant level the top guidelines is disclosure requirement articles must state whether or not a practice occurred, for example, level two, the mandate to for the transparency with exceptions permitted. And level three is a verification step that the transparency practice was taken as as specified. Let me give a couple of examples and show some kind of examples to those. The open data policy course starts out with policies that are not compliant with the top guidelines data sharing is merely encouraged, they've mentioned it all, and we know that these are not too effective at seeing the type of open sharing that we want to encourage. Level one, the first level that is compliant, the top guidelines, the article must state whether or not the data are available. This can include the use of data availability statements, for example, level two, the data must be posted to a trusted repository, and there are exceptions permitted permitted for legal and ethical constraints. Level three, data must be posted to that trusted repository, and results must be independently verified prior to publication. This is called computational reproducibility. This is an example of the pre registration standard, which flips up the order a little bit so pay attention here for registration, level zero of course not compliant with the top guidelines, the practice is not mentioned in the grantee or author guidelines. Level one, the article states whether or not the work was pre registered. And if it does a link is included in the article. If the work was pre registered, the journal or reviewers verify that the plan was transparently reported deviations that occurred or changes and outcomes were transparently disclosed and reported as such. And then level three inferential studies must be pre registered. So the top guidelines provide recommendations for how to proceed top factors and evaluation of those posted author guidelines. Top factor was created because we know that there is an over reliance on a single factor that measures novelty or excitedness and citation rates, but that comes at the expense of rigor and credibility. Top factor is a transparent evaluation of author guidelines data for each evaluation are publicly posted. It's based on practices that derive directly from scientific values. And finally, it points to an honest indicator of research quality, the degree to which the work was transparently conducted and and and posted top factor evaluations are shared on this tabular interface top factor.org. Each of the eight standards are independently sortable and one can sort by journal by discipline by publisher or by standard to additional factors are included in top factor evaluations. The degree to which publication bias is taken into account or ameliorated through use of practices such as registered reports. And whether or not open practices are signaled through uses of badges or other visual indicators to show that that these best practices are being followed. Learn more and find your journal at top factor.org. Finally, take a look at the website where more information is available for funders and for publishers and editors on how to implement the top guidelines. How to contact us if you'd like to implement or submit your journal for evaluation for top factor and list of journals that that use these guidelines for their author reporting purposes. Thank you so much. Take care.


Hey everyone, today on Six Sister Stuff, I am making the world's best enchiladas. We're gonna make one and we're gonna freeze one. Now we all know that May is one of the busiest times of the year, so I love to find recipes where I can cook something for dinner, then double it and freeze it so I can have another one for next week. Now, if you have not made these enchiladas, I'm telling you, go get the ingredients because it will change the way that you make your enchiladas. I promise you. All right guys, let's just jump right into the recipe. Now, if you don't know by now, you know that I love the Instant Pot, so we're gonna cook a lot of chicken in the Instant Pot. We wanna double this, so we're going to do about seven, eight chicken breasts. Next, we're gonna add a cup of water onto our chicken breasts. Now, if you're not doubling the recipe, that's totally fine. You'll do about three to four large chicken breasts and you'll cook it for the same amount of time. So we're gonna put the lid on. If you have a little knob, you wanna make sure that's on sealing, not venting, then you're gonna push pressure cook and we're gonna cook this for 25 minutes because it's frozen. Okay, while that cooks, we're gonna make a marinade for the chicken. Now, I'm going to double this recipe like double the marinade and everything, but the single recipe is down below in the description. So we're gonna start with three fourths cup of honey and this is about the whole honey bear. Next, we have about 10 tablespoons of lime juice. Now you can use real limes, but I just like using the already squeezed lime juice because it makes my life a little easier. So you need about 0.6 cups. So we're gonna do half cup and just a little bit more. Then you need two tablespoons of chili powder and about one teaspoon of garlic powder. Then we're just gonna mix this all together. Now you can make this in a bowl too, but I kinda just like making it in a reasonable bag and just throw your chicken in there too and then, yeah. Whatever works best for you. Once your chicken is done, go ahead and release the pressure. Once the pressure's out, you can open your lid and we are going to shred all this chicken.  It just makes it a little bit easier. All right, once we have shredded all the chicken, we're gonna put it in our bag full of marinade. Now, if you do not have one of these cutting boards that is flexible, I'm telling you it is one of my favorite things in my kitchen. Now we're just gonna zip this right up. All right, once you're done mixing, I'm gonna take all the air out. We're gonna let this sit in the fridge for about 30 minutes. After it's been 30 minutes or so, go ahead and pull it out. Now you can keep this up to 24 hours in your fridge and Harper is now gonna help us with the rest of the video because she is awake. So you're first gonna take your grain enchilada sauce and just pour some into the bottom of a nine by 13 pan. Now we are going to make our freezer meal one in a little bit. Right now we're just gonna make the one that we're going to bake. Now we're gonna take eight tortillas, half of the chicken and about one cup of cheese that we're going to make these enchiladas out. So let's start. All right, so I'm gonna take a heaping spoonful of the chicken, actually more than one heaping. Two heapings and a little bit of the cheese. Then we're just gonna roll it up and put it in your nine by 13 pan. Then you're just gonna keep doing it until the whole pan is full. Now this is like my favorite part. So usually I have a small can of enchilada sauce, but they didn't have any small cans.  So you have about 16 ounces of green enchilada sauce and then you're gonna add one cup of whipping cream. If you don't want to use one cup, sometimes I'll just use half a cup. It will still taste delicious. And then we're just gonna mix this together. This is going to be our sauce that we're gonna put on top of the enchiladas. And then we're just going to cover all the enchiladas with our sauce. Now I like to make sure that all the enchiladas get a little bit sauce on them just so they don't burn or get crispy in the oven. I don't like crispy tortillas. Next we're just gonna add the rest of the cheddar cheese. It's about a cup or so. Now we're gonna bake this at 350 degrees for about 30 minutes. Then I like to just cut it up and serve it with sour cream, green onions, kind of whatever you like on top of your enchiladas. Now I'll show you how to bake it into a freezer mill. So I'm gonna grab a nine by 13 aluminum pan and this time we're not gonna put any sauce on the bottom. But we are gonna do kind of the same thing.  Roll it up and throw it onto the bottom of the pan. Now this is the part that's a little bit different. We are not gonna put any sauce on this. We're just going to cover it with the foil and then we're gonna stick this into the freezer. Now when it comes time to cook it, I would suggest pulling it out of the freezer the night before and put it into your refrigerator. That way it will be thawed and all ready to go. So all you have to do is add the sauce and the cheese on top and just cook it as normal.  So you wanna make sure you get on our wait list. It's down below in the description. All right guys, thanks so much for joining me. I'll see you next time.


I would first like to thank the International Institute for Environmental Development for inviting me to be with you all here today. Greetings from a cloudy morning here in New York City. My name is Marcos Urillana. I am with the Center for International Environmental Law, CL, which is a public intergovernmental organization that works to defend the right to a healthy environment. For a number of years we have engaged this topic of investment arbitration and human rights given the implications that investment law and arbitrations have for the effective enjoyment of human rights of people on the ground as well as for the development of human rights law. Today I am hoping to cover three main points, the basics of what is investment law and arbitration, secondly, how are human rights relevant to investment arbitrations, and third, how can NGOs participate in investment arbitrations. It has been our experience that investment law and arbitration, as I said, has direct implications for human rights and these questions will allow us then to address the central issues in the field. To start, I thought I would present a recent experience that we have been involved in, in a case involving El Salvador and a Canadian mining company, Pacific Rim, Pac Rim LLC, a subsidiary. The context generally of this case is that Pacific Rim was exploring for gold in El Salvador in accordance with the legal framework then prevailing in the country. El Salvador at the same time is a country that is overpopulated and highly dependent on a single water source, the River Lampa, which is overused, rather polluted and so there is this great water scarcity as we know gold mining presents various threats to water sources and this led civil society, local communities, NGOs to mobilize to defend the health of their environment under water sources. This began as a very local struggle of the local communities reacting against what they saw was the change in color and consistency of the water in the region and soon the movement acquired national proportions, a national round table against mining was set up involving numerous NGOs and that movement began to be able to intervene, to be present in a national debate concerning democracy and natural resource use exploitation. So key questions of sustainable development and sustainability generally, the previous one please. The government responded by conducting a strategic environmental assessment, so beginning a process of study prior to taking decisions regarding mining exploitation and the investor responded in turn by initiating an investment arbitration against El Salvador under ICSID, the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes of the World Bank, it's a center that administers arbitration and under the terms of the Central America Free Trade Agreement and the investment law of El Salvador. And the national round table against mining sought to intervene in the arbitration and we did so successfully in the jurisdictional stage and I'll come back to that. But these facts I think at this stage already demonstrate the relevance for human rights of investment law and arbitration, which leads then to the question, what is investment law and arbitration? At its core investment law is a branch of international law that protects the rights of foreign investors and their investments. Investment law achieves this objective through various sources, investment law sources include bilateral investment treaties, foreign investment contracts, these are contracts entered into directly between the investor and the government, as well as customary law, which refers to a source of international law that arises out of the practice of states accompanied by a belief that it is setting out a legal obligation. Customary law presents a number of standards such as expropriation and the minimum standard of treatment, which are also reflected in bilateral investment treaties. And that takes me then to the next slide, which is what are the principle norms in investment law? And these standards include, first of all, guarantees of compensation for expropriation. If the government takes the property of an investor, which it can do under general principles of international law, it is nevertheless obliged to pay adequate compensation. The direct expropriation, so the taking of title by the government of the investor is usually not a problematic issue in investment law, it is more problematic to deal with situations of indirect expropriation to determine when a law of general application has the effect of an equivalent effect of depriving the investor from its property. So the investor may still have title to its property, but a law of general application such as an environmental law or a norm for the promotion of human rights may have an impact on expected profits. And that is the concept of indirect expropriation. Another investment law standard is the fair and equitable treatment standard. This standard is quite relative as the words fair and equitable denote and connote. What is fair and what is equitable is contextual and depends on the circumstances and factual issues of the case. Generally the jurisprudence has evolved along certain lines and this standard has been interpreted to mean that the expectations that the investor had at the time of investing need to be respected. This interpretation based on legitimate expectations thus presents some tensions with the power of the government to adopt measures to promote human rights and to change the legal framework in order to protect the population in situations when it becomes aware of a particular environmental risk. In those situations the government has a constitutional and an international law obligation to protect its population including taking regulatory measures and if those regulatory measures affect the expectations including the expectations of profit of the investor then the fair and equitable treatment may enter into tension with human rights. There are two other standards worth mentioning there are many standards but these are the core I would say national treatment and most favorite nation treatment which generally relate to non-discrimination so the government must treat the national investors or other foreign investors in the same way. And finally there is the question of transfers. The foreign direct investment what it seeks generally is to make a profit as a result of an investment and then the ability to take out the money the profit out of the country out of the host country becomes a question and thus the guarantees of transfers enable the investors to take their money out back to where they came from or wherever they want to go. These are the principle norms in investment law and in a situation where these norms are breached or alleged to be breached by the whole state the whole state is the state that receives the investment then that leads to investment arbitration. Investment arbitration is the right of the investor to initiate a mechanism for the settling of disputes between investors and states. Investment arbitration is based on jurisdiction. This is a concept that is central to arbitration in fact to all mechanisms international mechanisms for the settlement of disputes and jurisdiction at its core refers to the power of the arbitral tribunal to hear and decide a case. Where is this power derived from? Where does the arbitral tribunal derive the power to hear and decide a case? It is this power is derived from the consent of the parties. This consent may be found for example in the bilateral investment treaty in the case that I was describing in El Salvador case, CAFTA, Central American Free Trade Agreement contains a clause that allows the investor to bring arbitral claims El Salvador's domestic internal investment law also allows the investor to bring arbitral claims before an international tribunal. That is where consent of the whole state is present. There are other forms of consent, but the most prevalent sources are bilateral investment treaties and with the proliferation of bilateral investment treaties which now number more than 3,000 around the world and with the expansion of investment for indirect investments in volume also around the world we see an expansion of the arbitral system of disputes that are being submitted to investment arbitration. With the expansion of disputes of bilateral investment treaties and of investments we see potential tensions between this field of international law and human rights and the environment. That leads me to the third point in this investment arbitration which is related to the arbitration rules. How is the specific procedure governed and this is where the arbitration rules come about. These are rules that determine what should happen in the process. Exit contains a set of arbitration rules which are applicable in exit arbitrations unless the parties otherwise decide and the same goes for unsetral rules which are applicable in situations where the parties decide to arbitrate according to the unsetral rules. Actually this choice is given to the investor in the bilateral investment treaty. The bilateral investment treaty will contemplate a menu of options that the investor can choose from and that choice will thus determine the specific arbitration rules that will govern the procedure. These arbitration rules are quite important not only because they govern the process but they will also determine the ways and possibilities in which civil society may participate in investment arbitrations. And in deciding whether or not to participate in investment arbitrations that leads to a discussion of how are human rights relevant to investment arbitrations. There are various ways in which investment arbitrations may be implicate human rights. The investment may involve human rights issues. The investor may be responsible for human rights violations or infringements or the dispute may involve measures adopted to protect and promote human rights. In all these situations human rights law may be relevant to the arbitration and the question that is how can NGOs participate in that arbitration. And this gets us back to the question of procedural rules, the extent to which those procedural rules either in exit or in unsetral or others allow for NGO non-disputing party participation. There is a tool that exit and unsetral utilizes the amicus curie brief describing how there are certain issues of international human rights law relevant, how there were issues relevant to the arbitration involving mining and empowerment and other issues in South Africa. So this is an example there. An amicus brief presents information or perspectives from civil society that help the tribunal decide the case. So this talks to the point that the informational perspective this must relate to the arbitration specifically to the issues under consideration. For situations cases where NGOs have presented or have sought to intervene as amicus curie include the methanics case versus the United States, a Canadian corporation that was pledging violations of the North American free trade agreement as a result of measures adopted by the state of California to protect ground drinking water, the case of by-water gauve in Tanzania which involved a water concession, a privatization process, a similar case to the Swiss Vivendi Argentina which involved also water privatization in the context of the economic crisis that faced Argentina a few years ago, the pure forest case that Jason Brickholt addressed and the pack rim case that I was speaking at the beginning. If we could identify a couple lessons learned or best practices we would have to note that a request by an NGO to the tribunal for leave to submit an amicus curie submission should demonstrate at least four things. The first thing is that the tribunal has the discretion to allow the NGO in the case. The second point is that the dispute must be suitable for public interest intervention. It could be argued that all investment arbitrations involve the public interest but there are some investment disputes that more intensely involve the public interest. A third point is that the petitioner, the specific petitioner is suitable to present public interest aspects to the question of what is the NGO, how is it funded, what is its expertise, how can its perspectives help the tribunal. And this relates also to the final question, the desirability of allowing the petitioner to intervene in the dispute at hand.


What's going on guys it's your boy DPJ here today with another Overwatch video now before the release I will watch on the 24th of this month of May I'm doing this mini-series where I take an in-depth look at certain characters while we watch gameplay from myself and these characters and I will go on to give you guys my personal review on them we started the series with Zenyatta and we've also covered Widowmaker if you missed them two videos you will find them linked in the video description the character today we will be checking out is no one other than Genji but before we go any further can I ask you guys if you do enjoy the video and want to see more Overwatch on my channel do be sure to hit that like button as it really does help out and if you're new to my channel and Overwatch is what you've come for definitely subscribe as it's a game I plan on posting and we'll have all your needs covered so Genji a fan favorite for so many during the beta and once I started getting used to his playstyle I can quite honestly say he was one of my highlights of the beta also so let's learn more about this character the cyborg Genji Shimada has made peace with the augmented body he once rejected and in doing so he has discovered a higher humanity as the youngest son of the master of the Shimada ninja clan Genji lived a life of luxury and privilege he had a little interest in his family's illegal business and although he excelled at and enjoyed his ninja training he spent most of his time pursuing a playboy lifestyle many within the clan considered the care through Genji to be a dangerous liability and they resented his father for cuddling and protecting him following the clan's leaders untimely death Genji's older brother Hanzo demanded that Genji take a more active role in their late father's empire Genji refused enraging Hanzo the tension between the brothers built in a violent confrontation that left Genji on the verge of dying Hanzo believed that he had killed his brother but Genji was rescued by overwatch and the intervention of Dr. Angela Ziegler the global security force saw Genji as a potential asset in his ongoing operation to combat the Shimada clan as Genji's injury left him cling into life overwatch offered to rebuild his body in exchange for his health he was put through an extensive process of cyberization which enhanced his natural speed and agility and augmented his superlative ninja skills transformed into a living weapon Genji single mindedly set the task of dismantling his family's criminal empire but as time passed Genji felt increasingly at war with himself he was repulsed by the mechanical parts of his body and could not come to grips with what he had become when his mission was complete he abandoned overwatch and wandered the world in search of meaning he drifted for many years before crossing paths with the Omnic Monk Zenyatta though Genji initially rejected Zenyatta's wisdom the benefit of an Omnic would not be deterred in time Zenyatta his mentor and under the monk's tutelage Genji reconciled his dual existence of both man and machine he learned to accept that although he had a cyber body his human soul was intact and he came to see his new form as a gift and a unique strength now for the first time in his life Genji is free even he cannot say where his path will ultimately lead so that's basically the backstory of Genji let's learn more about his in-game abilities so first up we have the shuriken this is Genji's primary form of attack he will throw create a time in a straight line of these sort of ninja stars the alternate attack is for him to throw three shurikens horizontally covering a larger area but limiting the single target damage next we have deflect Genji can reflect any projectile shot at him for a few seconds this is great when trying to close the gap on an enemy or you see an especially strong missile or sniper around incoming towards your face next up we have swift strike lunge forward drawing your blade as you go anyone caught in the path takes damage if you kill someone with this lunge the cooldown is reset allowing you to use another swift strike immediately his ultimate ability is dragon blade Genji pulls out his katana and runs around slashing enemies with it this attack does massive damage to each target it hits and lasts around 10 seconds you can move quickly but caution should always be used when running up on foes so there Genji's abilities so this is what I think of him now Genji is a character I didn't really use until the last few days of the beta at first I wasn't really feeling him as to me at first I thought was at a disadvantage but after a few games of sweating him I started to really see the appeal with Genji now the reason I initially gave him a try was because I kept seeing people rave about how good he was on Twitter so I decided to check him out and I'll say it straight Genji definitely at the kind of character I'd usually choose but like I said that the playing with him for a decent amount of time I really did get the force everyone made about him he's certainly one of the most fun characters to play and what he is capable of in the right hands is devastating I've seen first hand whole teams being torn apart within seconds from utilising Genji and his attacks to the fullest Genji to me is a type of character I put into a game for you to have fun with and with that you certainly can you guys have probably heard me say this on a previous video my playstyle is one which I normally take a backseat and pick people off of a distance hence why I love sniping and why Widowmaker is my go-to character but I do have another playstyle which I do sometimes enjoy doing and that is rushing head first into the enemies in games such as Call of Duty and Destiny it's normally the case where I rush with a shotgun but playing like this doesn't happen very often it normally happens when I decide I'm bored of sniping and want to run a rush out for a few games before going back to my usual case of sniping and I feel this will be the case with me with Overwatch when I'm bored of sniping with characters like Hanzo and Widowmaker and want to run in all guns or blades Blazing Genji will be that character I choose although a fan favorite for many for me and the way I play and what I'm best at is a character I will seek to have fun with we're not giving to Fox he definitely won't be a character I choose if shit is getting serious now I know for sure this is not the case for everyone as some of you guys would choose him as your first character while using characters like Widowmaker as a one-off kind of like the reverse playstyle to mine which is cool Genji is a serious force in the right hands and I truly understand why he's a major fan favorite although not my favorite character is definitely up there on screen now you'll see all of Genji's costume unlocks some of which are absolutely epic hope you guys did enjoy the video if you did do drop a like it really does help out thanks for stopping by as always and I'll catch you guys on that next one peace out until next time


This is called The Day, and it has three epigraphs from three of the poets that I just recently worked with on a creative work fund project. From Angela Narcisa Torres, Lihua, Taitano, and Uraioa Noel. Two fingers on a pulse like the true point. Gloss of feathers dimmed in the orange quiescence of the sun. A damaged beauty. A music I can't manage. No words. 6.45 a.m. The very last meal I had with my father was aros negro y petrol sol, paella, firewa, caldosa, pork bellies, okra, and a bourbon elderflower cocktail in Uptown, Oakland at Duende. Four days later, his brain got lost in language. No words. His body forgot how to walk and how to swallow. His lungs decided to stop taking air. He never came home. He's on my mind when I go to sleep. He's on my mind when I wake up. 8.36 a.m. At the AC Transit 26 bus stop, I am late to my day job. Morning commute reminds me of my father. Coconut oil slicked hair behind his ears, ductile in the back. He ironed the creases in his slacks. He left the house with Ralph Lauren Polo aftershave on his collar. He clipped his bechtel badge to his pocket protector. Pro-tractor mechanical pencils, drafting tools arranged within reach, thermos of coffee in his dimo-labeled briefcase, 10-speed bike to Union City Bart station. That was before coconut oil became trendy. That was before the layoffs and unemployment checks.  Their tongues, their palates, adapt, new roots and unbloomed buds, bullets, become new spells, new medicine. You do not get lost on an island. You take pieces of it, shell, sand, seed with you when you must take flight. Jelly jars, perfume vials, tupperware, ziplock bags, use what you must. I'm going to skip ahead a little bit here. 11.27 a.m. I belong in this fluorescent-lit cubicle, the privilege of the regular paycheck. The privilege of the fluorescent-lit cubicle where I thumb through thousand-page spiral-bound indexes. According to the International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10-CM, F43.20 adjustment disorder unspecified includes culture shock, grief reaction and nostalgia. It is a billable code. To be a pin-eye daughter is classifiable, diagnosable, reimbursable with a proper documentation. It is a disorder. It requires professional intervention. It may require a prescription. To be a pin-eye daughter may be covered by your managed care plan with only a nominal copayment. To be a pin-eye daughter should be covered by Obamacare. Please consult your manual. 12.14 p.m. There are ladybugs on my father's grave. 2.20 p.m. I must tell you that the first time I heard Prince's controversy was on KDIA 1310 a.m. in 1981. I was 10 dancing, tingling. I'd never heard anything like this. Falsetto, synth, electric guitar and liminality. Because of KDIA, I know that the following year, the Gap Band dropped Gap Band 4. This is a perfect album. Do not let anyone tell you any different. 3.03 p.m.  You don't have any brothers. You're poor father. How awful that must have been for him.  You do not get lost on an island. 5.02 p.m. Two fingers on a pulse. He was still breathing when I left this room. He was and one by one they were wheeling away machines. The blipping monitor told me what my hands felt still. He was warm. He was 73. He was a tough motherfucker, stubborn enough to live to 100 just so he could elbow us and grin, just so he could give us mad side-eye. Instead it became all hum and wheeze, hum, hum the monitor blipped. A music I can't manage, hum, exhale, no words. 5.24 p.m. Sometimes you are damaged. You think poetry will repair you. You think poetry should repair you. You shake your fist at it when it doesn't. You walk hand in hand with your damage. Into the world. You do not speak. You were surprised when people register. You were there. 5.51 p.m. On 8th and Broadway, I have just refrained from telling Marshawn Lynch that it's my birthday and may I please take a selfie with him. Why can't I run into Dremon Green in this city instead? Hashtag Oaktown. 7.53 p.m. You don't have kids? Why don't you have kids? You should have kids. How terrible it must be for your husband. You should give your husband kids.  How terrible it must be for your parents. You should give your parents grandkids.  Dying of boredom and leisure time, the Rona and Tatsuya thrusting his katana through hollow armor, keeping it real. 9.03 p.m. On a pulse, that stopped. The breathing stopped. He was warm, but the breathing stopped. Now he flies to greet my ancestors, gloss of feathers dimmed in the orange cohescence of the sun. There is no need now for sublingual drops of morphine for the sleep that let him slip away from us. 9.05 p.m. I can't manage. No words. 9.11 p.m. Sometimes you are broken. Poetry doesn't fix you. It doesn't have hands to stitch your parts back together. To make you tea. To drive you home. 11.26 p.m. My woman crush Wednesday hashtag WCW. Pia Alonzo Wurtzbach Instagram tells me that she has just learned the proper mechanics of the fastball. Noah Cindergaard taught her this for Filipino heritage night at City Field. In my perfect world, Pia would throw out the first pitch at AT&T Park. Tim Lensicum would still be our ace. He would be the one to teach her how to throw, even though Timmy's a freak. Arnell Panetta would sing lights during the seventh inning stretch.  I sometimes remember to floss. I always wear socks to bed, even in the summertime. I sometimes build a pillow fort. I always think about that day. That with my mother's permission, they wheeled my father out of the hospital covered in a velvet shroud. That I could not sleep for a long time. That I would not close my eyes. That every night noise might have been him visiting me. 11.57 p.m. I remember holding the doves warmth in my palms. I was still. It was still. It was waiting for me to unlace my fingers. There, the horizon above a young oak tree, mustard flowers, poppies and autumn snails. The doves' gentle bones pushed off my palms into the orange caressons of the sun. This is how I said goodbye to my father, shouting his name at the sky. So I think I will stop there. Thank you all very much.


Anyway, coming back to our syllabus, so the first section is about what? Micro factors affecting the movement of charge or micro. So, we will be studying that right now, okay. And you will see that, what we will study, the concepts are very similar to what we have learned in kinetic theory of gases, okay. If a charge is there stationary, there is no current motion of charge. Any guesses? Are you sure? I put a Q amount of charge here. What should come first in your mind when I am keeping charge here? A force, you need to apply some force. You need to apply some force. The basic cause of the motion of a charge there should be electric field, okay. Electrons from that side and all you should have to apply some force. It is curvature. God hasn't come and told us. Yes. I perpendicular is current density, okay. Sir, so in today actually current density. Like this, with cross section here A is suppose L, okay. So, we have found out the basic quantity. The collision. Tau G, you know Tau G. So, it should depend on factor. It's an effect micro factors.


The facts are simple but impressive, of the nearly 6.5 million kilometers of highways, roads and streets in the U.S. About two of every five are unpaved and carry over one-fifth of all traffic. Most of these unpaved roads are aggregate surfaced, that is, covered with a layer of gravel. Although you won't find any gravel roads in our interstate system, you will find them making up a large part of our local roadway networks nationwide. And while gravel roads generally carry low volumes of traffic for short trips, they nevertheless are used for a wide variety of purposes, and sometimes by very heavy vehicles. Because they are essential to the local transportation of people and products, gravel roads need to be maintained in good condition. Their users deserve a safe and reasonably comfortable ride. In reality though, conditions are not always good, and the ride's not always safe nor comfortable. The reason? Scarcity of road maintenance funds? Yes, in part. But there's always a shortage of public works money. Beyond the dollars, many local agencies also lack an understanding of the causes of gravel road problems and are unaware of the proper methods for preventing or correcting them. Then there's the ever-increasing abuse we heap on our gravel roads. Some of the stupendous wheel loads inflicted on them nowadays would be illegal on even our sturdiest pavements. This video presentation was produced as part of the local technical assistance program of the Federal Highway Administration. Its objective is to help local agencies recognize common problems of gravel roads, understand their causes, and learn how to prevent or correct them. A handbook has also been developed as part of this training course. The video is in three parts to allow an opportunity for discussion after each segment. In this first part, we'll examine the environment of gravel roads and the aggregate materials used to surface them. In part two, we'll focus on the common problems of gravel roads, what causes them, and how to prevent or correct them. Then in part three, we'll look more closely at maintenance equipment and techniques. Now, just what is a good gravel road? Well, those who get the angry phone calls from upset citizens might describe it as one that doesn't have ruts, potholes, or loose gravel, one that drains well and isn't dusty, one that's smooth but never slippery. Of course, it also must be wide enough for vehicles to pass without driving into the ditches. Not too steep and not too curvy. Oh, and by the way, when are you going to get around to paving it? Well, you can't deny that most people prefer paved roads, nor can you blame them. Many even argue that good money shouldn't be wasted on gravel roads because it's like trying to make a silk purse out of a sow's ear. But people's attitudes aside, we're not likely to see most of our gravel roads paved anytime soon. They've been around a long time and are here to stay. Like paved roads, gravel roads should be constructed to minimum design standards and maintained that way as long as possible. They should have a traveled way, a shoulder on each side, and roadside ditches. Their surface should have a modified A crown with the travel lanes sloping down from the center of the road for drainage. The surface layer must be strong enough to prevent overstressing the subgrade, stable enough to resist ravelling, shoving, rutting, and consolidation within the layer, and smooth and skid resistant enough for a comfortable, safe ride. Gravel roads are greatly affected by their surroundings, from high mountains to low coastal areas, from cold regions to hot environments, from wetlands to deserts, from hills to flat terrain, and from open countryside to dense forest. But with all this variety in their environments, the most influential factor of all is moisture. A wise old sage once observed that there are three keys to maintaining any road, drainage, drainage, and drainage in that order. Seriously though, there are three important aspects of drainage. Getting water off the road, out of the road, and away from the road. Do all three and you can maintain any gravel road. Getting water off the road is the function of the road's crown and cross section. A properly sloped surface allows the water to flow off the traveled way, down the shoulders and foreslopes, and into the ditches. Getting or keeping water out of the road is accomplished by maintaining the surface free of flat areas, obstructions, and depressions that will hold water until it weakens the gravel layer and penetrates into the roadbed. Keeping water out is also dependent on building the road at the proper elevation so that it's above the water table. Getting water away from the road is the function of ditches and culverts. Ditches carry the runoff alongside the road until it outlets into culverts, streams, or holding areas. Water, however, is not always an enemy of gravel roads. In fact, in the proper amounts, it's a vital ally, as you'll see in a minute. Perhaps the most important element in the success or failure of any roadway is what it's made of. Material characteristics determine how well and how long the structure will function. Mineral aggregate is the primary component of gravel roads. Crushed stone, gravel, and natural sands are the most common types of aggregate. But with other mineral materials plentiful in many areas of the country, and some areas lacking natural materials altogether, you'll also see slag, shale, chert, crushed basalt, shell, and even some natural soils in use. Not all kinds of gravel are good for road surfacing. Some types break down and define particles under heavy traffic. Others swell when wet. Still others are so hard they're difficult to work. Good gravel supports the weight of traffic and distributes it enough to protect the subgrade. It remains tightly bound in dry weather to resist dusting and also sheds water in wet weather. Furthermore, good gravel for road surfacing contains a blend of particle sizes. The different sizes packed together with smaller ones filling the gaps among the bigger ones perform a dense interlock mass. On the other hand, gravel with particles of all the same size won't pack together into a dense stable mass, but will remain loose. A good blend of particle sizes is a gradation that ranges from a maximum size of about 20 millimeters down to very small or fine material having the consistency of flour. In fact, the difference between the gradations of good base coarse gravel and good surfacing gravel is the presence of more of these fines in the surfacing material. Because of it, surfacing gravel is sometimes described as dirty. The fine material serves two essential purposes. First, by filling the voids among the larger or coarse aggregate particles, the fines act as a binder that holds the total gravel mixture together and helps it form a dense tight mass when the water content is correct and compaction is applied. A measure of this binding ability is called plasticity index or PI for short. The higher the PI, the better the binding effect. Second, fines are also needed for their crust forming ability. A hard tight surface crust on a gravel road bears traffic loads and sheds water. A minute or two ago, it was said that water can be an ally of gravel roads. In fact, to form a hard tight crust, water is essential. That's because the fines need moisture to turn them into the cement that binds the larger particles together. Another characteristic of good gravel for road surfacing is angular shape. The particles need to be angular, have sharp edges and flat faces to interlock properly. Angular gravel occurs naturally in some areas, or it's a byproduct of manufacturing such as slag, or it's produced at crushing plants. But in many parts of the country, natural deposits of stone and gravel consist of rounded material. The rounded shapes of such gravel don't allow it to compact and interlock well, even with the presence of sand and fines. Rounded gravel particles act like marbles or ball bearings. Imagine trying to form them into a tight stable layer. You just can't do it. The control and handling of gravels greatly affect their suitability for surfacing roads. Pit, crusher, stockpiling and blading operations can either help or hinder the quality. Some examples. At gravel pits like this one, loader operators should remove material from the full face of the pit wall to obtain a complete and uniform blend, not from a narrow band. Crushers need to be set up and operated properly. For one thing, they need to be level. A plant that's out of kilter may segregate the crushed material, that is, separate the particles by size so that the material is not uniformly blended. Also, the screens must be in good shape, not clogged or full of holes. Faulty screens may allow oversized stone in the gravel or interfere with the desired gradation. Stockpiling practices can affect gravel quality too. Start with the basic sight. It should allow for proper drainage and be cleared of debris and vegetation so that the gravel isn't contaminated when it's placed there. There should be ample room to place stockpiles of different material without having them intermingled. As much as possible, stockpiles should be built in layers rather than in cone shapes. Cone shaped piles allow larger gravel particles to run down the steep slopes and segregate from the rest of the material. Removing the gravel from stockpiles is important too. Loader operators should keep their buckets above the bottom of the pile to avoid picking up any base materials such as clay, oversized stones, vegetation, etc. Loader operators can get a better blend of gravel from the ends of stockpiles rather than from the side slopes. This way, material can be taken from the pile's full cross section. Even during blading, the suitability of the material is affected by the angle and pitch of the grater's moldboard. But more on this later. For now, we'll stop right here. Recognizing the environments in which gravel roads function. Understanding the characteristics of the materials they're made of. And knowing that there are right and wrong ways of working with these materials are a good beginning to dealing with the problems associated with gravel roads. In part two, we'll look at those problems including their causes, prevention, and correction.