Although it's not popular mainstream, Alianico is producing some classic Italian red wine. Alianico is a thick dark-skinned red grape that produces wines that are high in acidity and high in tannins, and that's why some of the wines it produces have been dubbed the Barolo of the South. The two most popular appellations are Tarassi and Campania and Alianico del Vultore in Basilicata, all in the deep south of Italy. I have to admit it took me a long time to get into these wines, but lately I've just been craving them, especially when they age. They can deliver those beautiful tar, tobacco, sweet cedar notes, and I like the ones that don't use too much new oak and have more of a red fruit flavor. I did a more in-depth video about this majestic red grape and I'll throw it down there in the description below, but I'd love to know, do you like Alianico? Tell me what some of your favorite producers are.


You're watching News Made Easy. I am Anandya Chakravarty. Stop blaming farmers for the pollution over Delhi because it's now clear that the winter pollution that we face in Delhi, only 4% of that comes from crop burning of farm fires. That is the data that has been presented to the Supreme Court by the government. Only 4% in winters and 7% in summer. But essentially our problem is usually in winter because of the climate over Delhi at that time where the smoke that comes in from farm fires, the pollution that comes in gets trapped, right? And we get a few days of terrible smog and it happens to be around that Diwali season. Alright, so it's possible that farm fires do contribute significantly to pollution on those few days but overall it is not a big pollutant at all. However, even for those few days it is actually possible for us to ensure that farmers do not burn crops, right? And how can that be done? To understand that, we have to understand why farmers burn the paddy stubble, right? Because what happens is that they have this very short window right before Diwali, about 21 and after Diwali, this period where they have about 2-3 weeks in which they have to harvest the standing paddy crop, the rice crop and then they have to sow the winter wheat crop, okay? And what they use in Punjab Harana because there's a significant amount of mechanization in these states they use combined harvesters to cut them. These machines when they cut the standing crop they cut it from slightly from the top, right? And they leave about 8-10 inches of stubble on the ground which has to be uprooted before the wheat crop can be sown. Now, farmers can either put in hard manual labour to uproot that stubble or they can use expensive machines to uproot the stubble or the third option which is what they do is they can burn it down, alright? Now, why do farmers not cut the stubble and use it? After all, stubble that straw could be used as fodder? Well, the problem is that the paddy grown in this region, right? The stubble that is left behind has a very high silica content and what that means is that it is not fit for consumption by cattle. So, cattle can't be fed that as fodder. So, that silica is absolute waste, that straw is waste. It cannot be sold for anything and lakhs of tons of this stubble is actually produced every year, left behind every year and it's a huge issue. Even storage or moving that from the farm and moving it to a storage house is a huge issue for farmers. So, it's a huge cost, okay? Some things that had been introduced is a thing called a happy cedar and there's another machine called the super cedar. Now, what they do is that they attach to the harvester and what they do is that when the harvester is cutting the crop, these basically uproot the straw, lay it on the ground itself and simultaneously they sow the wheat crop, okay? Now, what is it supposed to do? The straw lying on the ground is supposed to get essentially decompose over a period of time and provide nutrients to the ground and one of the things that the Punjab government said when it wanted to push happy cedars was this would lead to higher yields. Farmers found that that did not happen for two reasons. The happy cedar was unable to pick out tough straw, tough stubble. It was very difficult for the happy cedar to do that. It couldn't do that. That still had to be done manually and another thing is that for the crop when it, when the fodder, the stubble was laid onto the ground, it would take a very long time to decompose and for the first few years, farmers actually noticed that in the first two years after using it, their yield actually went down and it returned to the whatever they had before using happy fodder two, three years later. Most farmers say that they did not benefit from happy cedars and many say that even after using the happy cedar, they had to burn their crop. They had to burn the stubble because the happy cedar could not pick up a lot of the tough stubble. Now, that is why happy cedar is a problem. The second problem with happy cedar is that it costs a lot of money. Farmers get 50% subsidy from the government if they buy it individually and if they buy it as a group, it is an 80% subsidy, but even then it's an investment. And let us understand that farm incomes have been very low. The government's own reports tell us that farm incomes are very low. Even in Punjab and Haryana, on an average a farmer doesn't earn more than 18 to 25,000 in that range, average range per month, which is not a lot of money as you know, right? So our idea that the farmer is very rich and yet they're burning, that is not true, which is why farmers say we can get this cut, we can get it removed, just give us 200 rupees extra per quintal. That is all we need. 200 rupees per extra per quintal means 2 rupees extra per kilo, a cost that the government has to bear because this is a public good. If that money is given to farmers and farmers and given well before the paddy sowing season because it can't be that they are asked to cut off the straw using their own labor or putting in money and then they have to wait for many days to get the money back because they need that money in harvesting season to buy seed, fertilizers, various other things. So essentially it is this 200 rupee per quintal which is the key thing that farmers require. If they get that, then the problem of pollution caused by farm fires that few days, 3, 4, 5 days that has come that will disappear and that's a cost that the affluent have to bear so that the government can take taxes from affluent people and give it to farmers or the government has to borrow and give it to farmers. This is a health issue, it's a public good not just for people sitting in cities like Delhi or in other cities near Delhi which is Delhi NCR but also for the farmers themselves because they also do not want to face the health hazards of burning their crops. That's the show today. Keep watching NewsClick and do subscribe to us as well.


This is Witchspace news for Friday the 4th of June 2021. I'm CMDR Buur. In this week's news, Frontier acts on map feedback. Feedback is requested for the outfitting UI, Odyssey gets its second major patch, Operation Ida suspends station repairs, there's a crucial engineering unlock bug and the roadmap is incoming. To make sure you don't miss any of our videos hit like and subscribe, click the little bell icon and remember to select all notifications and to further help support the work of this channel you'll also find us on Patreon, links to everything you need are in the description below. One of the biggest complaints that was made when the Odyssey expansion arrived was the map and navigation changes that the addition of legs had brought to the game. A complete revamp of the in-ship navigation systems had seen the layout changed, vital information removed or obscured and additional steps added to what was already one of Elite's more complex UIs. As the Odyssey launch drama continued to rumble on into its second week, Frontier asked for focused feedback on the map and navigation UI and yesterday, patch two to the much anticipated Elite Feet expansion arrived that addressed, among its many changes and fixes, at least some of the feedback on the UI. If you'd been struggling with what was an unwieldy and overly chunky map system and had held back playing Odyssey as a result then I'd suggest it's worth revisiting that. We had a quick look around it last night and were generally impressed with the changes that had been made. Off the back of the first round of focused feedback Frontier has now asked for more UI feedback this time centred on the loadout and outfitting UI. Without a shadow of a doubt and far and away the most pressing issue with the loadout UI has to be the ease with which engineered modules can be accidentally sold and lost to the 4 wins. We've heard multiple horror stories of heavily engineered modules being accidentally sold because of a ridiculous and very hard to spot default slider switch being in place. So worryingly easy to use is the accidentally please sell my hard earned stuff setting that we'd highly recommend you do not use Odyssey at all for outfitting your ship and either stick to horizons to handle that stuff or just hold off outfitting your ship in Odyssey until it's fixed. As I mentioned above patch two arrived in the game on Thursday morning and whilst the list of changes and fixes is far too lengthy and extensive to list in its entirety I'm pleased to be able to report that the game is starting to look a lot more like its old new self. In the patch notes linked below you can expect to find changes to AI behavior and animation, audio fixes, new control bindings for using med kits and energy cells etc, yay, fixes to cosmetics, crash and stability fixes, neutron jumps are now back, significant and I do mean significant changes to the lighting and visual effects, fixes to missions, organics and rock scattering and some significant optimizations and fixes to geometry culling and the list goes on and on and on. If you've been struggling with Odyssey it might be worth a look again it's definitely not 100% there yet not by a long shot but it's in a much better state now. Engineering guru and all-round lovely bloke and hugely entertaining streamer captain james flint has drawn our attention to a bug that is still present as of my typing these words if you're looking to unlock access to the new engineer hero Ferrari I can't say that name without also going hero Ferrari in my head by the way and you'll know that you need to complete 10 surface conflict zones in order to do that right now only completing level 1 surface combat zones will work so don't cane yourself silly in the higher level ones it won't count just rattle through the low ones and you're good to go we happen to know that frontier are aware so it's not unreasonable to expect a fix in hopefully fairly short order it is I hero Ferrari while we're on the subject of known bugs gray sea at operation Ida has sent word that the station restore and repair specialists extraordinaire have suspended their operations currently as none of their recurrent repair efforts are being registered by the game repairing a station takes a colossal community effort and so they're advising anyone else to hold off shipping materials to damage stations until the issue is resolved again frontier are now aware of the problem as soon as it's confirmed fixed you can expect Ida to swing quickly into action again they're very good at that stuff one final point the roadmap that was promised in a community address from David Braben last week is due today there's understandably been a huge up swelling of disquiet disappointment frustration and quite honestly anger in the community around the condition that Odyssey was launched in whilst elite dangerous Odyssey is undoubtedly in a better state now than it was two and a half weeks ago at launch there is still a long way to go frontier have sadly lost a lot of the hard fought trust that was invested in them by their devoted customer base the roadmap whatever it plans to communicate is absolutely crucial for frontier to get right at this point in Odyssey's life cycle and in the company's relationship with its customers however this is a company that is well known among his fan base for its struggles to communicate effectively when dealing with something like elite as soon as we know what that roadmap brings will be back with another video make sure you're subscribed to the channel and turn on all notifications to ensure you don't miss that so how is your Odyssey experience been since Thursday's patch have you noticed improvements let us know in the comments below that's it for now thanks very much for watching we'll be back later with another video until then oh seven commanders follow the greens on the way out and do keep clear of the toast rack we very much look forward to seeing you next time


So, now moving on to what type of structures which can be created by using sheet piles. The first structure which we will create is a cantilever sheet pile alright, because as I described earlier, most of these piles are acting like a cantilever. This is the anchorage and this is the pre portion. So, how this looks like as we discussed earlier, you take a element of the soil, element of the sheet pile, insert it into the soil, this is the ground surface and this becomes the, we call it as a dredged level, because most of the time sheet piles will be inserted into the existing ground by removing this portion of the soil. So, this becomes the dredged level, this is the ground surface and this is the dredged or excavated level. So, this is a simple cantilever sheet pile alright, you are retaining a backfill by using a sheet pile. As I said these systems are not for permanent construction, this is just for temporary constructions up to a limited height. I can complicate the stability problem by introducing the concept of seepage here, which you studied in soil mechanics first course where we studied seepage into the porous media separately, got this point. So, suppose if I say this is the water table, now what is going to happen? The concept of seepage will come in the picture, these flow lines, this you have studied already and then you can do the equipotential lines also. So, basically now you are realizing that what we are doing, we are heading towards totality of the situation and the problem. So, immediately a simple problem which was basically a soil structure interaction has been converted into a soil structure water interaction problem. So, you need not to worry much, what water is going to do, it is going to cause pressure on the sheet pile, clear. We know the port of pressures at each and every point of the sheet pile, we can compute the port of pressure in the form of force, we can include that in the stability analysis as a force component, fine. You remember another problem which we had done in C323, there is a ground surface and the question was how deep I can go without the soil mass capes in. So, you have this sheet pile assembly and then I will do sequential excavation. So, this is gone, this is gone and the question is how deep I can go so that this is the water table, water tables could be different on either side. So that the soil here does not cave in. So, we use the concept of effective stresses over here, you remember. So, we computed the port of pressures by using the flow nets and the moment you have port of pressure you can find out the effective stresses and the moment effective stresses tend to 0, that is the limiting conditions required for D. That means this problem becomes a very interesting problem, D is going to be a function of how many parameters, the porosity which is inclusive of wide ratio, R D of the soil, gamma D of the soil, the type of the soil, hydraulic head, hydraulic gradient, delta H which is going to cause the instability in the trench, correct and length of the flow path. Apart from this anything else, now if you analyze this system in totality we have to talk about the pressures which are going to act on this so that means now this problem becomes this depth of excavation plus D. So, I have one more unknown coming over here which is in the form of D, where D is the depth of embedment. So, so far we had analyzed this system for seepage induced instability without taking into account the earth pressures which are coming on the system. Now we are doing both together, okay. So, we have to use another term as factor of safety for the first time I am introducing this concept and before this we just talked about factor of safety when we are discussing the Mohr-Coulomb envelope that how would you define the factor of safety associated with the material in terms of its shear strength, fine. You can play with this function and you can solve this. A lot of things have been conveyed in one figure, but now I am real I am sure you must be realizing that from theory we are talking about the practice. Now look at this how this problems can be amplified or amplified in the sense suppose if height of retention is more you know I am not very happy with whatever edge I have created or if height of retention happens to be more than 5 to 7 meters what I should be doing the simple logic says put an anchor. So, this becomes an anchored bulkhead. So, this becomes the second type of the sheet pile, all right where what we do is in this system we will introduce an anchor. So, this is what is known as an anchor or a tie rod and tie rod when connected to a anchorage system. So, truly spring this is not an anchor this is an anchor rod or tie rod this is connected to an anchor this is the anchor block. So, this becomes another interesting design problem what should be the length of the tie rod from the free head at what depth I should be using this tie rod what should be the dimension of the anchor block how many number of tie rods are required all right and what should be the spacing. So, now we are realizing this becoming more intricate design problem. So, in a 3D system this is how it will look like ok and this is the drag level this is the ground surface and all these tie rods are going to be like this of certain length centre to centre spacing yes you have done this type of analysis instruction also Perlin stresses is it not a design of Perlin correct is very similar. Now, this phase is holding the earth pressure which is coming from left hand side and trying to deflect the ball on the right hand side this is the problem statement. So, a simple situation like this has been transformed to anchored bulkhead where these are the tie rods which have been used these tie rods could be made up of steel these could be wires all right this could be a wooden block this could be a concrete block this could be a steel rod or whatever sometimes when you see how this rock fall protection systems are being installed ok typical example is Bombay Pune Express highway. So, if this is a slope or a rock mass which is vulnerable to failure and by cutting you have made it let us say very steep ok and now you want to stabilize it. So, the best way would be to create a trench over here and put a running anchor and then this anchor is holding the wire mesh and this wire mesh is this is what is known as high energy panels and they are fitted with anchors soil nails. So, these blocks have very different applications basically they provide anchorage to the entire thing the self weight of this system made up of steel itself is quite high. So, these anchorage systems are very useful all right this is a similarity. The third one could be a braced excavation struts by using struts. So, we have the ground surface and then we are installing two piles excavate it this is another in another way what we have done is we are supporting the excavated slopes so that we can go much deeper and then install the struts over here these are also known as bracing these are known as bracing or struts what is the job their job is first of all if you would not have provided the sheet pile the whole excavation would have kept in all right. Now doing this excavation and providing these sheet piles you are stopping it but even if the depths are too high or the soils have different conditions of drainage or let us say you know type of material which was retaining still they may came in or they may fail. So, for added precaution the more you go deeper they put struts the question is whether these are compression elements or tension elements you have to think carefully check it out all right I know many of you are very good structural engineers here draw the free body diagram and then you will get the answer what this system is going to supposed to do. So, what is the answer these are all tension members they say paradox the soil mass along the wall is pushing this system. So, this system has to apply a tension to support that so all these are tension elements they are not compression elements right. So, this becomes a typical braced excavation we will be discussing a bit about this in C330 metros are mostly done by using this type of system you might have to have struts if you go to a metro station the way it is being done you are excavating out the soil cutting out the rock and then you want to support the you know walls of the rocks or the soil mass and there you require struts this could be columns also many times you use the pillars and to support it then there is another structure which is made up of sheet piles this is what I talked about the cofferdams ok I have already discussed this there could be cellular cofferdams also depending upon the requirement I might be having a cofferdam over here another cofferdam over here for the ease of construction it is very difficult to seal the entire soil mass against seepage alright. So, imagine if you are constructing the sheet piles it is not so easy to avoid leakage of water and when leakage of water takes place or seepage takes place I hope you can realize the points which are in the soil mass may also get washed out these type of failures are very common in coastal regions and I have dealt with several cases where we have to show that the fines have washed out and hence the collapses occurred. So, whatever structures standing over here if the cavity formation occurs the collapse may occur in the due course of time. So, if you want to avoid these type of situations the first thing is you create either piles or the cofferdams and then connect them in this manner it becomes a watertight compartment alright. So, these are techniques which you need not worry about there are experts who can do this expert execution agencies which may give you a completely watertight system and hence no washing of the fines is going to take place. There is another category which is known as diaphragms diaphragm walls. So, these are very thin structures made up of sheet piles alright RCC also and the job is to avoid migration of fines they also look like this the diaphragm wall will look like this they are interconnected and so on made up of the sheet piles temporary supports. So, anything which is very thin and you want to retain it diaphragm walls are being used in the practice. So, in today's discussion what I have done is I have given you a brief background about the sheet piles their types how to use them for construction purpose different examples of what type of structures can be created and the philosophy behind using the sheet piles from next lecture onwards I will go into the analysis part of it. Watch more videos to understand how these systems are created. Thank you.