Life's kind of boring, but I'll have a Christmas day. Oh my God, please never let me do that again. I need to order more coffee. Good morning, everybody. Welcome to vlogmas number four. We're chugging right along. It is about 8.30 in the morning. It's a few days after you saw that last clip of me. I'm feeling much better, much, much better. I'm currently in my sweats, but I just showered, got myself together as best as I could, and I'm heading out the door to go meet Macy and Lexi for coffee, I'm so excited. We haven't caught up in a while, so it'll be really nice to see them and to catch up. I actually need to get going, so I better skedaddle, but I wanted to show you my outfit of the day, which I think is very cute, but a lot of people hate. I think camo is coming back as like a trend, and I'm really happy about it, and I found this shirt at the Rose Bowl flea market for like $5, so I love it. So okay, here is today's OOTD, and I just think it's so cute. I need to like pull my pants down a little bit. I just put on my shoes, but yeah, I've thrifted this shirt. It's really comfortable. It's extremely like faded and worn in, and I just love it, and then these sweats are from, I think, Airy. I've had these for a while, kind of chilly outside, so I figured, you know, I'll just wear some sweats. Got my little scrunchie socks from Amazon, and my white Sambas, and that's what we're rolling with. Also, to top this off, to make this even more girl from Tennessee coming out. To ruffle even more feathers, I have these wrap-around sunglasses, which I unironically love. Like I love this outfit. I think it's so cute. I think it's so camp. Camp is like something that, it's like you know that it's bad, so that makes it good type of thing. So it's like, I'm in on the joke, you know?  This is also my first time being literally outdoors in a week, and I forgot how amazing it is. I'm so happy. Okay, first of all, me and Lexi are matching. Unintentionally, but she's here too.   I can't wait to see it. I love them both so much. I know you guys love when I get together with Macy and we just act like absolutely unhinged and crazy, so there will definitely be more of that. Yeah, Carrie's gonna take me to get Botox for the first time after Princess Guy, so watch out.  Also, make sure you watch Macy's vlog when she's doing vlog with her shorts. Check it out, follow both of these lovely ladies. Happy Vlogmas! Happy Vlogmas, everyone! Okay, as per usual, almost got zero clips with Macy and Lexi because we were just chit chatting the whole time. We were busy, but it just always makes my heart feel so good to see those two. I love them so much. Just the most supportive, like radically supportive friends.  I just feel like everyone deserves friends like that in their life and I feel like Macy is a true example of an incredible friend and Lexi as well. I just love those girls very, very much. I just love my girlies, so happy. All right, we're back home. I'm gonna chill on the couch for like an hour because I am leaving shortly to go get my hair done. I'm so excited. Drew is in the background running around. He has migraine if he doesn't feel good, but he's also getting whatever it was that I had last week, which sucks. It makes me feel really bad, but the other thing is we were supposed to, we rescheduled going to San Diego for this weekend because couldn't go last weekend because we were sick and now he's getting sick.  If you don't know, that's both of our last names, Dayton and Schulte combined together. So yeah, we're very excited to finally reunite. We don't always like vlog when we're together, but this time we are, so we're really pumped. Anyways, I am getting my hair done today and I'm going back to blonde. It's just time. I did this like cowboy copper thing and it's not, it was copper for a minute as we saw. You know, we went through a journey together. It was copper and then it wasn't and then it was like kind of copper again and it wasn't and it's just kind of been this like golden blonde brown. I don't know for like the last, I mean it's been like over three months I think since I've had it. So I think it's just time. It's time for a change. I think we might be doing like quite a change today. I don't know, we'll see. We'll see how brave I feel, but in the meantime I'm just gonna relax for the next hour because I don't wanna push myself too hard. This is my first day like out.   So might change into like some shorts or something like that. I am very excited to be back to a blondey girl by the end of this vlog. It is gonna be a very long day. It does take like sometimes seven plus hours to get my hair done. Like it's kind of a lot. My butt will certainly be sore by the end of this but yeah, I am super excited to like feel like myself again.  I think it's really fun to do that but it always feels really good to come back. It makes me appreciate the blonde more, you know? That is what we're gonna do next but in the meantime I'm gonna chill for a bit and just recover and drink some water. Okay, it's a little while later.  Cool, I love that. I ended up like getting myself ready cause honestly I'm trying to wear the rest of these newly outfits. Newly is like a rental service. This is not sponsored. I paid my own money. I just like renting clothes because then I can wear stuff and get tired of it and then give it back and then get stuff that's new, you know? But anyways, I have to return. Actually I'm like past the date of sending my box back so I need to like wear everything so I was like I'll just change, get some Instagram content out of it so like okay, where can you see this? Can you see it here? Kind of. I put on this cute little sweater. This is from the brand Callahan and I would never purchase this cause it's like very expensive. So I rented it and said that's not like the best angle. Okay, maybe here. There we go.  I guess I can show you in the like full length mirror. Our power just randomly went off but it came back on so thank God for that but I'm about to leave. Anyways, here is the full outfit. I think it's so cute and like fun and playful. It's giving a little bit of soccer practice on the bottom but I kind of love that. I got these leg warmer thingies from Amazon and I just think they're so cute. So I have this Y2K style pair of sunglasses and we're ready to go. So I have two outfits in one day, why not? I'm literally just gonna be sitting at this lawn doing my work. I did pack my backpack to take with me. So I have my fresh ice water. I have my laptop in here in the back pocket. I got this backpack for traveling. It's honestly so convenient. So I have my headphones in there. In the front pocket here I have like my charger. I also have my little key chains that I got in Japan. So cute. I have my purse in here, my hard drive, my little memory card stick thingy to go in my laptop, my purse. I don't even know what I have in here. This is my travel stuff.  I have a mask in there just in case. And I think I am ready to go. I would love to have some sort of like snack to bring with me but we don't really have many groceries, I've been sick. We did go grocery shopping at Trader Joe's but I don't really have anything to like pack for a lunch and take with me. They don't have like a big fridge for you to put food in so probably just post-made food when I get there. My hairstylist Anna is so cool and chill and she's just like, yeah, order it. I'll go get it for you. Like she's the best. She also has a ton of snacks there. Like she keeps her fridge stocked with like sparkling waters, candy, cheez-its, like anything you could want. So we are like ready for school. I feel very back to school at the moment. I am just packing everything because I know I'm gonna be there for hours. So I'm probably going to get there a little bit early so I can film some of my outfit. I wanna film some like before clip so I can film the after when I get home. Even though it's probably gonna be dark by the time I get back. What is happening? If this is the loudest, I swear. Anyway, you probably can't even hear that but yeah, I'm just gonna be there a long time so I'm gonna get like some editing done and some content filmed before I go so I can edit it and then we're gonna go to switch up this hair. It's gonna be I think quite a transformation. I'm very excited about it. Okay, you know what? Just kidding, I did manage to find myself with some stuff to pack for lunch. I made two peanut butter tortilla rollups because that's literally all we have. We don't even have any bread. I did some baked lays and then the rest of these JoJo's. We have two of the double chocolate and two of the peanut butter. So she has sparkling waters there. I will take one of those and that's my little lunch. It's better than nothing. I pulled something together. Here is the before of the hair. I don't think this lighting is ideal. I'm literally pulled over to the side of the road with my hazard thong. This road is closed though right now for construction so it should be fine but I'm literally pulled over to the side of the road simply to take photos of my outfit and my hair. I feel like I probably couldn't have picked a worse spot for the lighting but here it is. Let's see what the after looks like. Okay, but first we gotta take some pics. This freaking octobuddy by the way is so iconic.  If you like taking outfit photos, videos, whatever out in the wild, it's the best thing, I swear.  I love that so many cars are driving by, this is fun. Okay, I love that. If I want influencers in the wild, I swear to God I'm gonna be still living. This has been humbling enough. I am going to go now. I was humiliating, there were people walking around. Cars watching me but we did it. Let's go get this hair done. But in this lighting, but obviously not that much.  But yeah, I was like contemplating going shorter with the bangs and kind of doing more of like a mix between a straight across bang and a curtain bang but Anna and I decided that we're not gonna do the Jenna Marbles too much gene. Like we're gonna stop while we're ahead. I was honking at me, I'm not in the turn lane. My light turned green but yeah, I'm obsessed. I'm so happy to be blonde again.  I love it so much, I'm so obsessed. It feels like just so fresh and youthful and I love being blonde again. I think it looks so cute and I have just been needing a change. Like I have had pretty much the same hairstyle for literally like the last, I don't know, 10 years. So it was just time for something different and I love it. I'm quite happy with it. I'm so excited to play around with the bangs and like style them in my own way and like definitely need to get some hairspray and some product and like yeah, just style them how I want but I'm so excited and then if I decide I wanna go shorter, I'm just gonna like hit her up and then we'll go like a little bit shorter but I love it, I'm so happy. I just sent a picture to Drew and he was like, oh my God, I love it. Like he was so sweet. So anyways, he is still dealing with a migraine and not feeling a hundred percent. Ooh, love the red lighting here. So I am gonna head home and we'll see what else we get up to. This woman next to me is watching me vlog. So that's awkward. Hey, hey, hey. Hi. Okay, we're home. It is now seven o'clock p.m. So I was right. It literally did take like six hours, six and a half hours at this lawn. It's crazy. But I mean, the work speaks for itself. I'm officially a blondie again. I have bangs, sort of. Little baby curtain bangs, it's fine. I'm excited to like play around with them and sort of see how I can style them and curl my hair the way I normally would and stuff but I haven't been liking it like this. I think it looks really cute with the sweater and like the little leg warmer. It's so cute. I kind of look like myself in sixth grade which I'm not mad about. It feels so much later than it is. It feels like it's time to go to bed but it's literally seven o'clock. So I'm gonna try to figure out what we're gonna do for dinner. I wanted to do like a Netflix movie night and you know, watch all those cheesy corny Netflix movies. We might do that tomorrow instead just so that I'm able to like take my time. I wanna make a little mocktail. I wanna make some stuff that I bought. I want to do a little DIY craft that I started that I'll show you in the next vlog. So we'll save that for next time but in the meantime, gotta figure out what I want to eat. I do have this vlog edited up until this point because that's what I was doing this entire time at the salon. I'm feeling like ahead, I'm feeling good about it and I'm gonna figure out what I wanna eat. So we'll see. Let's see what we even have for dinner. Honestly, what is in this? Ooh, we do have, we do have these chicken curry buns that we got at Mitsuo Market which is like a Japanese market here in LA and we went on Drew's birthday and we bought so much stuff. We bought, we ate most of it but we haven't tried this yet and I love chicken curry. So maybe we could try these, they're frozen. But I did get this like cauliflower fried rice thing. It's not that good but we do also have just like a regular fried rice so maybe I can like mix those together. I would prefer a vegetable or something. I'm not like that big on frozen veggies. We do have some broccolini I can make. That is definitely on its way out though. So I don't know. I mean, sure. This'll do. This'll do us fine. Okay, first things first. We're gonna microwave our broccoli. Do this for like five minutes. That's a good place to start. I was gonna do this whole thing. You have to steam it for like 18 to 20 minutes with these buns and we don't want to wait that long but here's what they look like. They do look really nice. You can definitely see that there's like curry powder because they're bright yellow. So that'll be cute. And actually now that I recall, I'm pretty sure I did like this cauliflower fried rice. I try to call a flower like risotto type of thing and that was disgusting but this is good. So we'll cook this up. Same as fried rice for another day. And then with these buns, yeah, you can just stick them in the microwave for like a few minutes and then you're good to go. Do we cook dinner like this every night? God no, but is there anything wrong with it? Absolutely not. Work with what you got and that's all you can do. All right, and then for this cauliflower rice or stir fry, I'm just gonna spray some avocado oil in a pan and then just salt a hand of it. And while that is cooking and doing its thing, I think I'm gonna make myself a little holiday mocktail because why not? Let's give them the festive spirit. I really want to do something today that's like kind of Christmassy. So I'm gonna get my cute little ice cubes for me. These little ice cubes I made out of rosemary and cranberries and that's it. I mean, you could probably put like juice in it if you wanted, but I just did water and I think it's gonna be just fine. And look, these are so cute. They add like such a cute little something extra to a drink. So I guess I'll do like two of these. Why not? Switch off the buns. Oh, these don't work, actually. This doesn't even count as cooking dinner if you're making everything in the microwave. I don't know. Okay, then next I'm gonna add some little pomegranate aerials. Did you know they're called aerials? I thought they were called seeds. But like, well, sure, let's do it for fun. So we're gonna add some of those. That was a lot, that was a lot, that's okay. Then to make it more exciting, which I think we're gonna be doing this more like in an upcoming video where we maybe make cocktails, but I found at the grocery store they have this dazzle, dust, edible glitter. Which like, how exciting is that? So I'm gonna do like a little bit of that. We'll see if it even makes a difference. And then I'm gonna try this sparkling honeycrisp apple juice beverage, I think. Or should I try the other one, hold on. I like, I think I'm gonna try this one. This is called something spritzy, a sparkling festive beverage with grapefruit cranberry and orange juices from concentrate and aromatic bitter flavors. Cause Druna doesn't like like grapefruit stuff. This is right up my alley. So we're gonna try this. Ooh, it smells good. That dump hurt in here. Oh, how cute is that? Wait, I can do like a little garnish. No, I have some like rosemary. You can hear somewhere, there it is. All right, we'll put a little sprig of rosemary as a garnish. Look how cute that is. I am obsessed with that. I don't think you can really see any of the glitter. I might not have added enough. I don't know, can you see it a little bit? I can't tell, but it does look really pretty. So let's, let's try it, let's taste test it. All right, cheers. Here's a little taste test. Oh, it's really good. It's not sweet at all. And actually, I don't know if you can tell on camera, but in person you can tell for sure that there's glitter in it. It's so cute. How fun and festive. Cute little festive drink. You don't have to have alcohol in it if you don't want to. Although this would be delicious with like gin or vodka or something in it. This is really good.  Definitely highly approved by me. I'm gonna pour a little bit more in there. And then we're gonna wait for our dinner to be done cooking. Absolutely zero shame about that. Okay, you know what? I've had better dinners, but like this does not look bad. I have one of the curry buns, frozen broccoli with like a little bit of butter, salt and pepper, and then the cauliflower fried rice with sriracha, soy sauce, and then I added some furikake on top and then my cute little holiday mocktail. Mm, cool. It is cool, huh? We're gonna taste test this bun. See what it's all about. The sausage patty. That's okay. This one has like, yeah, like a little patty thingy in it. I like it better when it's like shredded or little cubes or whatever, but it tastes pretty good. I'm not mad at that. Just realized you probably couldn't even see that. Okay, let's try some of the cauliflower stir fry. Honestly, that's really good. I forgot that I really liked that one. And then we'll do some broccoli. That's fine, frozen broccoli. Not bad for like a under 10 minute dinner. I'm happy about that. I'm sitting in the wall. Look who's decided to join us. I told him I was gonna do the advent calendars and he was like, I'm gonna try things. So he's up. For those of you who get migraines, I'm sure you get it, but he's rallying. I mean, you're kind of like the tail end of it, yeah. It also, someone got me sick. It's okay. So anyway, we are gonna start with our little jam advent calendar. This has been a treat. And now we're on seven and eight. There's eight. Okay. Let's start with number seven. Hopefully there's no repeats. Ooh, raspberry dark chocolate spread. We can't put that on a cracker. I think this is gonna be right up. I forgot that they have. I can do a beauty guru thing. They have chocolate spreads. It's not a pretty thing here. I'm excited. Number eight. What is that? I can't really read it. Peach jasmine flower. Nice. I like peaches. Okay, let's try it. I say cute for every flavor. I'm like cute, but it is really cute. So, I mean, we can try the chocolate one on a cracker. It's fine. I don't know if I'm not. Ready? Smells chocolatey. Chocolate raspberry. Cheers. I like it. I like it. Very good. I wouldn't do it, obviously I'm like a cheese board, but I don't know. That's probably my least favorite so far. I'm like her solid or something. Maybe it's a little warm bread, yeah. Yeah, that'd be really good. Okay, what is this one again? Peach jasmine. Peach jasmine flower. I feel like we're bad at this because we're always just like, nope, very good. It's like peach. Tastes delicious to me. It just tastes like a nice peach. I haven't tasted any of like the secondary, like when it's like cherry peppercorn, I didn't taste peppercorn. When it was like thin cardamom, I didn't taste the cardamom. I don't really taste jasmine. I don't taste any jasmine, but I'm sure it's in there and it's just like kind of blended. I'm gonna give, these are probably my two of my least favorites so far, but they're still really good, that being said, like they're both delicious.  How about you? Peach might be like a seven. Yeah. The other one's probably like a four. I don't really know what I ever eat it again. It's beer. So beer, harsh critic over here. Better. Okay. Seven and eight on this one. This is my C's candy calendar, which like is a classic Christmas kind of favorite, but it hasn't been my favorite thing this year yet. It's really not been that great. Well, that's not true. It hasn't like not been good. It's just, I don't know. I think after we've had like British chocolate. You've already got cubes, balls. Number seven is balls. What are these? How are you? Little chocolate balls. Any white chocolate? Oh, these like the crispy. Crunch bar. Okay, so we got these little golden balls. No, it's just solid. So all the chocolate, I don't want it. Once you've had like English chocolate. Any chocolate from any other country. That's true. Number eight. It's like a little turd. Here we have it. Number eight. This is a sea turd. My throat is beefy at all. Okay, that expression. Does anyone else's family, significant other, whatever, call a sore throat beefy? I only say that because I have a friend who went to like urgent care. And the doctor referred to his throat as beefy. He was like, why would a doctor tell me that? Like, is that a medical term?  And I'm just like, ugh. Okay, you're trying a little tea towel. Oh, wow. She keeps going. Chromie, she's like a bad girl. Chromie, the bad girl, look at her. Cute. I think that's adorable. We could save this for like your nieces or something. I don't want to get my range put over my eyes. Oh, yeah. Temper twill. Is it a tomagotchi? It's a pocket hat. Pocket hat. I'm playing this immediately. Oh, guys. 90's kids will remember. I'm sure it's the same thing. The sound. What do you get? What pet are you getting? You can select which pet. You have a chicken, a panda, a whale, a lion, a tiger. Sea horse? Sea horse. A chicky. Okay. Oh. A double. Wow, there's so many. Oh, that's cranky. A dog. A frog. What? Entarnation?  That's your game daddy. I'm having a blast with this. You can feed. Take it to the bathroom. Name Jim, May, Sue, Tom, Bob, Anne, Joy, Eve. What's his name, mom? Bob the bunny. They're a really cute one. Love that. I'm gonna do it for us today. I'm well back. Sorry I didn't get to do anything festive today. I wanted to like maybe watch some movies and make some like mocktails and baking and all that stuff. But like I mentioned, I think I'm gonna do that in the next vlog. So maybe if you're feeling up to it, you can join me tomorrow. But.  What about you, the nice? You killed Bob. I did. So we will be more festive tomorrow or at least I will be. Hopefully as you might be down for the count tomorrow. But thank you guys so much for watching this vlog. What? My head aches. I was like.  Why is your head bumpy? We gotta go to bed. I don't know why I said go to bed because it's 8.26 in the evening. But I'm gonna do my skincare, crawl in bed, maybe read a little bit. And we will see you tomorrow for vlog me September, high ten. Bye.


I think one key byproduct of purity culture, as it interacts with other forces like homophobia and fatphobia, could be that it keeps us from making up our own minds about who we are attracted to. It re-inscribes the externalization of fantasy production at the hands of untrustworthy norm of making storytellers. Instead of being able to work out our attractions in any way, we are left with narratives, images, and norms that have been given to us. If we aren't allowed to have any sexual thoughts, much less actions. How are we supposed to discern and decipher our attractions as they take shape?


Let us solve one example for cantilever retaining wall and its stability analysis check. This is the wall and this dimensions has been given. Later on we will see where there is no dimensions of wall has been given but you will have to start with this scratch level and this is part of fill and fill soil is your gamma is equal to 17.95 kilo Newton per meter square 5 equal to 28 degree C is equal to 19.12 kPa and unit weight of concrete gamma C which is equal to 23.56 kilo Newton per meter q and this dimension is given from this to this side is your 6.1 meter and this is your 1 meter this is 0.38 meter 0.38 meter then this is your 0.25 this part is your 0.25 meter and this is 1.55 meter and total is your 2.88 meter and there is a back fill at one end this is your 1.4 meter and this is your 0.6 meter and this soil gamma is equal to 19.53 kilo Newton per meter q 5 is equal to 34 degree C is equal to 35.17 if you look at here in this case in example this dimensions have been given of this retaining wall and the fill material gamma is equal to given phi is given C is given this is a C phi soil. So, there will be definitely a tension crack with a surcharge 73.9 kPa and there is a back fill also it height is also 1.4 meter and also foundation soil properties are given with this given retaining wall it has been asked check this stability earlier we have 4 stability we say that what is the condition for this stability analysis. So, check for this stability before you go that this step 1 as it is a C phi soil look at this. So, total height is your 6.7 meter and this is your of calculate and calculation 20.45 and this part is your height of tension crack h 0 which comes to be 3.54 meter. So, if you look at it q at z is equal to 0. So, but this is equal to z is equal to 0 z is equal to 0. So, q value of q will be minus 2 C tan alpha which is equal to minus 22.9 kPa. So, r z is equal to 0 q is equal to minus 2 C tan alpha which is equal to minus 22.9 minus 22.9 kPa and h 0 also you calculate h 0 is equal to 2 C by gamma which is equal to tan alpha which is equal to 3.54 meter. Now, if you look at this is a C phi soil. Obviously, there will be a tension crack there will be a tension crack. So, there are 2 ways of for solution either you remove this tension crack you take this part of this and find it out your r pressure what will happen if there is a tension crack there will be gap between soil and the wall over the period of time when the rainy season come water pore inside this then big cracks will come. So, for this kind of problem you convert into C phi soil into equivalent phi soil. So, it will be taken care of this. So, this C phi has been converted to equivalent phi soil. Now, if I convert it into equivalent phi soil. So, if you look at this q is equal to gamma h kA minus 2 C root over of kA. So, for phi is equal to 28 degree kA is equal to 0.361 for phi is equal to 28 degree from this we can find it out 17.9695 into h is equal to 6.7 into kA is equal to 0.361 minus 2 into 19.12 into 0.60 which is equal to 20.48. So, if this q is your this q is your for C phi soil if I convert this q because I will have to convert to equivalent soil of cohesion less soil. If I make it into q is equal to of a cohesion less soil this earth pressure will be gamma kA prime into h which is equal to from there I can find it out what is the value of kA prime which is equal to 20.48 divided by 6.7 into 19.95 which comes out to be 170. So, now with this if you look at this problem how the problem has been solved this problem can be take consider into two ways one is you remove the tension crack and consider the after removing the tension crack how much pressure is coming that pressure you take into consideration for analysis. In that case other case is your you take into consideration of C phi soil into equivalent cohesion less soil the reason is that for C phi soil there will be tension crack in that tension crack over the period of time what will happen there will be gap between soil back field soil as well as wall over the period of time water will be accumulated once the accumulation is there there will be a bigger gap between this wall and the soil. So, I make it into equivalent cohesion less soil. So, first I calculate what is the value of q for C phi soil this comes to be 20.48 and taking into as if without surcharge this is your q without surcharge no surcharge has been taken without surcharge then q is I make it into equivalent cohesion less soil. So, k prime is coming about 0.170 now with the help of k prime 170 with the modified value of soil we are taking C phi soil to equivalent phi soil with this k prime coming about 0.170 phi is coming about 0.45.166 degree let us take phi is equal to 45 45 degree and your k a is equal to k a prime is equal to 0.172 now with this help you find it out your p a value now step two find the value of p a that means r pressure p a is equal to 0.5 gamma h square this is because of soil p a is equal to 0.5 gamma h square this is because of your soil plus q into h this is because of your surcharge k a prime from there it is coming out to be 0.5 gamma is equal to 17.95 into 6.7 whole square plus 23.9 23.9 into 6.7 into 0.171 which is equal to 96.28 kilo Newton per meter. So, once you get the p a value active r pressure value then we can go for this stability analysis if I redraw this retaining wall is like this then your value will be it will be like this then it will be done with this surcharge now if I make it into in this way let us say this is my this is my completely whatever part of the soil retaining this is my retaining wall remember this is the wall this is the wall and this part it retain soil mass both this part if I put it into this complete part is your w 1 then this is your w 2 then this is your w 3 then this is your w 4 then from this for 4 part like part 1 1 what is the weight of the part 1.5 1.5 into 23.9 plus 6.1 into 1.5 into 17.95 which is equal to 200.09 and its lever arm or arm how much it is acting from this from the toe this distance is given about 2.130 then you can find it out also moment then for part 2 look at this part 1 part 1 if you look at this part 1 that means I am considering I am considering this part is your this is your w 1 that means this is coming about 1.5 if you look at it 1.5 into 23.9 what is 23.9 23.9 is your surcharge surcharge up to this then 6.1 this height is your 6.1 if you look at here this to this height is your 6.1 then this height 6.1 6.1 into 1.5 into weight of soil 17.95 unit weight of soil 17.95 kilo Newton per sorry meter cube so it will be your kilo Newton per meter cube so this comes out to be 200.09 this is your w 1 and how far it is from this toe because you have to find it out the moment resisting as well as this moment your then how far it is it is 1.5 divided by 2 it is your 0.75 then plus this plus this it is coming 2.13 meter from this toe now come to the second part w 2 w 2 is equal to how much is your weight of concrete weight of concrete is your 23.56 so it will be 23.56 into 0.25 into 6.1 it is equal to 35.94 and it comes out to be 1.125 look at here 23.56 is your this part if I make it into this is your 0.25 into 23.56 unit weight of concrete into height is your 6.5 so how far this distance it is acting this distance is your 1 meter 0.25 divided by 2 so this will be 1.125 meter 1.125 meter so this load is coming about these are all your kilo Newton then come to third part come to third part if you look at this third part third part is coming to be this as well as this third part is coming to me this as well as this one is your concrete other is your soil two triangles are there so if I put it into 0.13 how the 0.13 has come into picture 0.38 minus 0.25 so this part will be your 0.13 from here to here from here to here will be your 0.13 so it will be your 0.13 or 0.13 so I have taken this part into common 0.13 into 6.1 into 23.5 into 6.1 into 23.5 into 6 plus 17.95 into 0.5 plus 23.90 how it has been come 0.13 into 6.1 this side is your 6.1 into 23.56 23.56 unit weight of concrete then 17.95 this is your soil filling of this unit weight of soil into 0.5 area of the triangle will be half a into b so that is why for both the common area so it will be 0.5 will be common then 23.9 into 0.13 above these the searchers has been already acted there is a searchers 23.9 so it will be putting as 23.9 into 0.13 of the triangle will be half A into B so that is why for both the common area so it will be 0.5 will be common then 23.9 into 0.13 above these the searchers has been already acted there is a searchers 23.9 so it will be putting as 23.9 into 0.13 total is coming about to be 19.57 and the lever arm is coming 135 if you look at here this is a 1 then 0.25 1.25 and 0.13 it will be acted upon where lever arm will be acted upon where then this will be from CG to this distance will be your 1.315 meter then 4th part this is your last part at the base this is your 23.56 into 0.6 into 2.88 which is about to 40.71 23.56 is your unit weight of concrete 0.6 is your this thickness if you look at here this thickness is your 0.6 and this part is your 2.88 so this is your 2.88 this is 2.88 and this will be your 0.6 meter and this coming about this is coming about 40.71 kilo Newton and the lever arm is coming about 1.448 now if I take it so f of b total vertical force these are all my vertical forces coming out to be 296.31 kilo Newton and movement of resistance from this if I take movement of resistance movement of resistance is coming about to be 550.98 how will get movement of resistance this vertical load into this arm this distance this is giving your movement of resistance this vertical load into this arm this is giving your movement of resistance this into this this into this this into this from there movement of resistance is is coming about 550.98 this is your kilo Newton meter this is your kilo Newton meter now once you get it your first part is your earth pressure distribution diagram then we convert it into equivalent soil equivalent cohesion less soil from there we get the value of k a prime modified value of active earth pressure from there we get the value of phi then once you get the value of five modified your equivalent value of five from there we get your active earth pressure p a value then once you get it then we have to find it out how much is your self weight if this is the structure of the retaining wall with this dimensions how you have to make it into part by part so that this mistake cannot be occurred so we got this how much vertical load is coming and how far this load is from this toe so that moment of resistance we can calculate about the toe then once this calculation is over then we will proceed for next part is your stability analysis now this p a if you look at this p a it is acting how far from this y bar distance this y bar is coming about to be sixty eight point eight nine into six point seven by three plus twenty seven point three eight into six point seven by two by your ninety six point two eight which is equal to two point five five meter two point five five meter if you look at here the value of sixty eight point eight nine sixty eight point eight nine then twenty seven point three eight sixty eight point eight nine is coming from where earth pressure because of your soil I have already removed that one if I remove this one step one then it will be clear how this problem has been solved so what I have done it p a value has been calculated as zero point five gamma h square plus q h into k prime from there it is coming sixty eight point eight nine plus twenty seven point three eight that is coming about ninety six point two eight kilo Newton per meter so if you look at sixty eight point eight nine this is your earth pressure lateral earth pressure because of your soil and twenty seven point three eight because of your surcharge from this I am taking sixty eight nine with this height will be your this earth pressure will be your six point seven it will be kind of triangular so it will be acted upon by six point seven by three then twenty seven point three eight twenty seven point three eight is your surcharge because of your surcharge it will be acted upon by half of six point seven by two this is coming to be two point five five meter once you get your resistance y bar that means at what distance at what distance this active earth pressure is acted below the base this is your nothing but your y bar y bar then you find it out all of your safety first one is your overturning factor of safety overturning factor of safety so this factor of safety is equal to movement of resistance by movement of overturning this comes out to be movement of resistance is your five five zero five five zero point nine eight by your movement of overturning what is your movement of overturning ninety six point two eight this is your lateral into two point five five this coming out to be this coming out to be your value of two forty five point five eight it comes out to be two point two four which is greater than one point five this is okay this is okay now next factor of safety once the overturning factor of safety has been checked next factor of safety is your sliding sliding factor of safety next is your sliding factor of safety what is the base soil value base soil value c is equal to thirty five point one seven so c prime which is equal to zero point six seven of c so which value will be this value will be your twenty three point five six it is given adhesion factor adhesion factor has been taken as zero point six seven so modified value of c will be twenty three point five six k p a now from here for factor of safety again sliding this is for sliding now for sliding c prime is equal to twenty three point five six k p a then tan five prime is equal to tan thirty four degree which is equal to zero point six seven five so this this resist force resisting force is equal to c prime into b plus f b into tan five prime which is coming about two sixty seven point eight six now this factor of safety is equal to f r by f d which is equal to two sixty seven point eight six by your f d is equal to ninety six this is your force ninety six point two eight which is equal to two point seven eight greater than one point five greater than one point five now out what are the stability check one is your overturning movement second is your sliding third is your e should be less than equal to b by six fourth is your bearing capacity check with this two slide two checks one is your overturning and sliding the factor of safety is okay it is greater than this what is the minimum requirement for this factor of safety now we will go for after the overturning we will find it out the tension crack tension crack that means in this case net movement is equal to movement of resistance minus movement of overturning which comes out to be three zero five point four zero and x is equal to movement by forces f b which is equal to one point zero three from two that means force will be arc at a distance one point zero three from the two this is your resultant force so with this value of this e is coming about to be b by two minus x and it is about to be zero point four one meter and again you check your b by six value b by six value is zero point four eight that means e is less than b by six that means there is no tension crack now third stability analysis criteria also satisfy that means e is less than equal to b by six that means there is no tension that means q maximum and q minimum are positive then third one is fourth one is your fourth one is your you check your bearing capacity factor of safety factor of safety against bearing capacity which is equal to q na net allowable bearing capacity of soil and from this is your how much is your q maximum how to get q maximum q maximum you will get it q maximum is equal to summation of b by b into one plus six e by b b is your summation of vertical forces b is your given two ninety six point three one kilo Newton and b width is your given two point eight eight and e also give value as we got it zero point four one q maximum also you get it then you can find it out also soil pressure soil pressure value means net allowable soil bearing capacity this comes out to be c n c gamma d f n q plus zero point five gamma b n gamma the c value is given c prime is given that is your twenty three point five six from value of five five is equal to thirty four degree from this value of five from this value of five from this value of five you can find it out n c n q and n gamma n c n q and n gamma these are only your bearing capacity factor once you find it out your bearing capacity factor then you can find it out q is equal to q u is equal to c n c plus gamma d f n q plus zero point five gamma b n gamma gamma d f depth you can take it one point four meter c n c c value c prime value is your twenty three point five six gamma is given nineteen point five three d f is equal to one point four n q you will get it from the value of five and gamma b n gamma once you get q u then you can find it out net allowable pressure by dividing factor of safety you can find it out q n a once you get q n a you check your factor of safety against bearing capacity whether it is more than three or not in this case it is coming about to be more than three that means it is also satisfied this I left for the students to calculate I have solved in details step by step so last one I left it so if I summarizing to this is the example problem where the detail wall is given wall dimensions have been given we will we will see it later on there will not be any wall dimension we will start from the scratch here wall dimensions have been given with this value of gamma phi c garr c and this is your filling soil this is your foundation soil first as it is a c phi soil so what will happen there will be tension crack will occur so to overcome that we will take it into equivalent soil which will take care of your tension crack so phi has been modified to forty five degree and k a has come once you get phi and k a then find it out what is your active r pressure because of your soil as well as searcher then find it out weight of each component you divide into number of parts like w one w two w three w four I made it into weight of each component kilo newton how far this weight is acted upon from the toe from there we can find it out what is my resisting movement overturning movement is your r pressure p a so arm how we got it then we multiply force into this arm we will find it out your resisting movement then once you get it we can check there are four stability criteria one is your overburden sorry overturning second is your sliding third is your tension crack fourth is your bearing capacity all this have to check so like this like step two sliding it is more than one point five it should not be less than one point five then it is not stable once this stability analysis has been satisfied then you go for structural design we will see how this structural design has been done just in brief we will see later on on may be in the next class thank you.


Everybody forced here ripping 22 23 prism draft picks Basketball hobby four bucks number six random team style you can check the results anytime at late in sports cards calm Let's go ahead and get started y'all Fortune to go on prism draft and mosaic fast break coming up soon. All right. I'm sure got real GM up real GM is the goat That's why real GM's MVP All right, silver rookie Jabari Smith Jr. Rockets Kennedy Chandler on the blue auto numbered 89 of 149 Kennedy Chandler Double-check him All right, cool Grizzlies. I want to make sure really have a lot of rookies Kennedy Chandler Grizzlies Hyper rookie Orlando Robinson a red Allen Iverson Number two two ninety nine Malachi brand and rookie purple numbered to 75 Make your spurs Iverson goes sixers right longest tenure. It's close. But actually suppose that he was at the nuggets for quite a for longer than most people realize but He is a 76er. Oh, no, no, no, I was thinking someone else. No, he's for sure 76er. Who went thinking of that? Oh, we're thinking of mellow with nuggets and then Nick's Mellow was it was a nugget longer than a Nick, but it's close. That's what I'm thinking of Ricky silver tail and Terry. Yeah. Yeah, I'll you after the Bulls Trey McGowan's Penmanship red auto numbered to 199 McGowan's Hornets, right? Trey McGowan's Long Island Nets right now. I'm thinking of Bryce McGowan's dude. This is this is Trey McGowan's. He's Nets swimming Long Island Nets are an affiliate of the Brooklyn Nets. Yes. Yes Nets right there Hyper Chris Paul blue wave Jabari Smith Rockets Barry Smith, Jr. to 249 Silver step curry. There we go.  A red auto Remy Martin That's a Remy Martin that is a cognac Remy Martin he doesn't have any NBA affiliation at all random to all at the end Huh to 199 hyper rookie Jabari Smith, Jr. for the Rockets Gonna say I could go for some Remy Martin XO right now. It sounds delicious Trevor Kiehl's rookie blue to 199 Trevor Kiehl's is nicks I mean Martin is a cognac brands. Oh, it's a person. Yeah, I was like, I don't I've never seen that name before tomorrow's a rose in auto is Jermaine Samuels Jermaine Samuels He's with the Fort Wayne Mad Ants Which is an affiliate Fort Wayne Mad Ants for the Fort Wayne Mad Ants Pacers Gotta be right. Yeah, I believe Pacers Fort Wayne Mad Ants Pacers hyper rookie Dylan Terry purple ice Kawai Leonard going to the Clippers Let's check that as I get to 149 It would make sense. That's in Indiana Fort Wayne Mad Ants Pacers is there for Wayne? Wow, there's probably more for than one for Wayne. Good call I only know that because I think we drove through Fort Wayne It's for worth for Wayne. Oh, you know what? For worth Dallas area. Yeah Rekhiel's silver rookie Josh Minot a blue ice autopalo Ben caro Penmanship 50 of 75 magic with a big card Congrats magic. That is a biggie Orlando magic Orlando magic Barry We go Hyper Zion the pelicans blue ice Alan Iverson Billy to 99. Oh, look at that Jersey number three of 99. There he is Here he is Yes, blue ice tie-tie Washington Rockets rookie number 1099 as well. Good pack there Yeah, personals are full for tonight personals are full Got a big order in there silver rookie Andrew Neymar go Pacers blue auto Kallel wear to 149 Kallel wear aware He is in college still Random to all the yet Hyper rookie Bryce McGowan's blue wave KD for the for the I was gonna say thunder Nope sons. He's been like four teams since then sons Kevin Durant curry hyper brilliance Steph Curry Hey, he's illegal. You need you need a unit. I need you to watch your tone and talking about the magic like that silver Zion Blue auto Dominic Barlow To 149 Barlow Spurs Dominic Barlow Hyper pat Ewing red rookie Orlando Robinson Number to 299 silver Charles Barkley Chuck goes six just by the way for those of you that I'm wondering Cameron McGusty blue auto to 149 McGusty He was with pistons the summer league. That was last NBA affiliate that he had pistons Cameron McGusty Hyper rookie Caleb Houston for the magic purple ice rookie Ryan Rollins to 149 Silver fireworks Jalen Doran. All right, silver rookie Jabari Walker blue ice auto is Cason Wallace to 75 blue ice case and Wallace Still at Kentucky, right? Yeah Random to all at the end Hyper rookie Dalen Terry for Chicago a red Matheran Math are in there to the 299 Pacers purple ice Christian Coloco Raptors rookie to 149 The biggest gilded card There's a lot of oh man the case was insane Probably the pita lawns those super fracter. Oh, yeah silver Paul George Tray McGowan's penmanship auto. We just had Tray McGowan's last last one didn't we I think so Too many to there's so many McGowan's nowadays guys. I'm sorry Nets Nets McGowan's Long Island Nets Hyper Patrick Baldwin jr. At Blue Wave Dyson Daniels with the Pelicans here to 249 Incident pack silver Doran there was a star out of the 199 and a Pena auto and a wander auto and a torquoise and auto and a What else was there silver Jaden Hardy too much to remember red? He would shoot who to 199 Vincent he would shoot who he would Make sure I type in a chukku. No get with West of Wundoo. He's still at USC. So that's a random to everybody at the end Hyper to Rosen purple eyes Bryce McGowan's that goes Hornets to 149 West it will do magic legends Silver Jimmy Butler. Yeah, good hit, but in like a full case. Yeah, sorry Jimmy Butler Red Jermaine Samuel's penmanship. Dude. We just had this guy, too This stuff out here mad ants Going to the mad ants the Pacers Hyper rookie shade on sharp nice sharp red clay Thompson for the dubs there But it's you 99 What up Lane Chet Holmgren incident pack hyper Donny's busy coming up with questions illegal silver rookie a Bajie for the jazz a Derrick or Jariq whitehead. There is a crease on this card in the whitehead So what's that empty box rapper with this one? This one is still Duke, right? Yeah, Duke still random to all the ends whoever gets this one is getting the box and rapper as well Hyper rookie Jabari Walker got blue wave Ryan Rollins rookie It's a 249 purple Jalen Williams rookie okc to 75 Yeah, I want to see like a Is it gold vinyl or black in a It's it's it's black silver Drexler red Quentin Jackson auto Penmanship Quentin Jackson draft just makes for us question everything Not use night. Just not just the players But Wizards Quentin Jackson wizards to 199 hyper Paul George snakeskin Trey young Atlanta No color blasts No SSPs at all yet actually the Thorin fireworks silver Matherin Mathera I probably not a play lane just because of how people view him Silver rookie Holmgren There he is RJ Cole RJ Cole RJ Cole was with the Lakers and summer league Lakers in the RJ Cole auto Hyper Jaden Hardy There he is. We just say for the Mavericks Coles Lakers Paul Pierce Celtics to 199 What do you think Lane?  Peyton Watson rookie silver a John Butler blue auto Legal what set was it from was it from the downrest? Blazers on the John Butler Blazers Hyper Jimmy Butler blue ice Ron Harper, Jr. Did I never on Harper, Jr. What do we where's Harper? Raptors Raptors I already moved on from Butler. What's his name? John John Butler Sorry blazers All right guys randoms here Leo's gonna get timed out for distracting Donnie. Yeah, that's what it was You know talking Five this time Okay, so in this order will ran into all they're either not in the NBA or never had an affiliation We're still in college case and Wallace Kallel aware Remy Martin. I know I know Remy Martin. I know me too me too Vincent a wichu clue and Derrick Whitehead. Let's say six Six times in top five here after six One two three four five and six wizards Celtics heat Raptors and spurs We had the snakeskin Shreya young autos of John Butler RJ Cole Quentin Jackson Jermaine Samuels Trey McGowan's Cameron Vigusty Dominic Barlow Jermaine Samuels Trey McGowan's Kennedy Chandler and Palo Ben caro Penmanship blue ice Duke and Orlando magic color match Now it's gonna do it. Thanks again everybody moving on to some mixtures now


ear history of creating positive opportunities for local people. One of their key objectives is to create employment and develop people's skills in an area where there is high unemployment and few career opportunities. They do that through a variety of successful initiatives, including offering their own housing apprenticeships and ensuring that their major suppliers offer apprenticeships. One local youth has been employed for 10 years and is now a housing officer. He has completed his diploma and acts as a role model for other young people in the area. He also offers short-term work experience placements to schools and local unemployed women and has had great results with them moving into positive destinations after. This is also the case for the community job Scotland placements and internships. Of the 12 placements that Castleton has offered, all have gone into work of further education upon completion. He has also run a highly successful environmental employability programme in Castlemall Park. That has taken 80 unemployed people through an eight-week training programme. Over the past three years, more than 80 per cent of participants have gained qualifications and just over 50 per cent of participants have moved into employment with more than a third of them in the programme coming from workless households. It is possible for them and Arden Craig and countless others across the country to offer those programmes to empower local people because of the support that they receive from partners, including the Scottish Government. Just think how much more we could do with all the powers for employment here in Scotland. I now call on Mike Russell to speak up to four minutes, Mr Russell. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I apologise for not being here for the opening speeches, but, obviously, this has been a considerably detailed debate. The core of this debate is Scotland's economic strategy, which sets out what is called an overarching framework for achieving a more productive, cohesive and fairer Scotland. That is essentially whatever part of Scotland you come from. There is a difference in being employed or looking for employment between Collins Day and Cumbernauld, between Gia and Gallashields, but the core issues are the same for the Government in terms of increasing competitiveness and tackling inequality. I want to deal with the tackling of inequality, in particular the four priority areas that are focused on to deliver Scotland's economic strategy. The first is investing in people and infrastructure in a sustainable way. It is vitally important, in my own constituency, particularly that the work of public bodies is to the fore in this matter. The work of Highlands and Islands Enterprise and Business Gateway is very important, but, as long as they have to be focused along with other public bodies in securing employment and in securing infrastructure growth. Without infrastructure in place, employment is very hard to find. Some weeks ago, I chaired the first meeting of the COLE Fixed Link group. That is a major infrastructure project that is a long way away, but it is important that every part of the public sector is engaged in thinking about how such developments could take place. Recently, I have been working with the community in Dalavik, one of the remotest villages on the Scottish mainland, who are very keen to establish a hydro scheme but require the help of all the public agencies to make that happen. The second pillar of growth is fostering a culture of innovation and research and development. That is possible in rural areas, both through investment through bodies such as the University of the Highlands and Islands, and I am thinking of the science park at Dunstaffnidge and the growing work that is done there. In some of the priority industries, the natural resources of Scotland are very great. Investing in the Scottish food and drink industry is something that the Government has done comprehensively since 2007. It is producing the opportunity for innovation, but there must be more of it. The difficulties are being experienced by the dairy industry in Kintire, and the requirement to sustain that because of employment issues has risen to some degree because of the lack of innovation in that industry. The success of the New Zealand dairy industry has been because it has been an innovating industry, so there must be continued innovation, but again it will be the public sector that supports it. Thirdly, promoting inclusive growth is extremely important, particularly in the jobs market. The role of public agencies and, indeed, the local MSP—and I have been involved in this very heavily—in promoting jobs fairs and jobs markets throughout the constituency and encouraging employers to think of different ways of employing young and old and making sure that there is an opportunity for people where they live is exceptionally important. Finally, the promotion of Scotland on the international stage is vital. Tourism plays a great role in that. So do things like food and drink industries and so does the industry of agriculture, which I know that the cabinet secretary is very familiar with having had that portfolio after myself. To see the excellence of Scottish food and drink and the excellence of Scottish salmon promoted across the world brings people to Scotland and makes them think about how people earn their living in parts of rural Scotland. It is extremely important—in not everything that we do in this chamber and everything that the Scottish Government does—that there is a focus on those places that are outside the central belt, and that in each rural and remote community there is an investment in opportunity. That requires supporting employment, but it is the state and the public purse that has the largest responsibility. I am quite sure that that needs to be remembered again and again. We now move to closing speeches. I call on Gavin Brown up seven minutes, please, Mr Brown. I have just realised that, in my opening speech, I neglected to outline how the Conservative group would be voting this afternoon, so let me take the chance to do that. Now I thought that the Scottish Government motion was perfectly reasonable, one that we would have supported on its own. It seemed to me to be a motion that wanted to explore issues and look for collaboration among political parties, and therefore it is one that, as I say, we would have happily supported. In terms of the Labour amendment, there are plenty of parts within it that I agree and could happily have supported. I particularly acknowledge part of the low levels of disabled people on modern apprenticeships in Scotland, but ultimately we are not able to support the Labour amendment. I have a particular concern. I have to say about the last section investing in a future fund for all young people, not on education, to give all young people in Scotland the best possible employment support. That is obviously a direct link to the policy announced by Jim Murphy just a couple of weeks ago, and it is one that, in my view, we are unable to support. I am afraid to say. I am surprised, I have to say, that the SNP are able to support that particular policy because a couple of weeks ago they were not quite so enthusiastic about the policy, and to some extent perhaps the Labour Party has had a bit of a coup today in terms of getting the Government to commit to that. Who knows, perhaps even by five o'clock, they will have convinced Richard Lyle to support their amendment as well. Ultimately, I think that this debate was a debate of two parts. The first part, I think, was outlined by Rosanna Cunningham in her opening 30 seconds, in which she said that this is the beginning of a collaborative process involving Government, Parliament and other stakeholders. I think that part of the debate, I have to say, has been a success. We have had some very interesting contributions from all parts of the chamber and a huge number of issues, I think, which were ones that we may have been aware of before but were worth repeating, and a couple of issues that were perhaps fresh and new and can help to complement Government thinking over the coming weeks and months. Margaret McCulloch, I think, put it well, but she said that we need to have a broader debate about how we take the process forward. There were a number of references to the Finance Committee report from a couple of years ago, and I commend that to anybody who wants to drive the policy process forward in employability. We heard about the specific rural elements, most recently from Mike Russell, but before that, Elaine Murray and Nigel Dawn made some pretty valuable contributions in that regard. Elaine Murray also talked about an element of the committee report that I had forgotten about, I have to say, but he came flooding back to me as soon as she mentioned it. That is the idea of where a lot of smaller businesses, not just in rural areas but obviously in some rural areas, a lot of smaller businesses did say that they wanted to take on an apprentice, and they had quite literally half a job for an apprentice. If you could have the shading of an apprentice between several companies or organisations, we might find a significant additional number that would end up taking an apprentice on. I know that there are some difficulties with that. I know that it is not quite as simple as putting two and two together, but perhaps we can make progress in that. If we can, that would be a very welcome step forward. We heard some good local examples of activities. Mark Wooddonald talked about one in his constituency, which had an 80 per cent plus success rate. I would be interested to hear more of the details of that, because anything with a success rate of that percentage is worthy of further examination. They also had an interesting contribution, as we normally do, from Stuart Stevenson, who brought mental health to the fore quite rightly. Then, while he was free-wheeling at this stage, his suggestion of mentoring was a pretty interesting one, the idea of getting those with huge experience who eventually want to do slightly fewer hours, passing on more of their knowledge in a perhaps a more structured way over time is something that, again, was a pretty valid contribution. The first part of the debate was a big success. For me, the second part of the debate was a little disappointing, because the second part, I think, was the Scottish Government basically saying, we need more powers because the UK does not do it terribly well and we do everything completely brilliantly. I could exaggerate slightly, but that was a subtext of what the Scottish Government wanted to say. We do it so well here that that is why we need everything. However, when we are actually pressed on any of their own policies, the Scottish Government has to say that we are unable to answer questions and we are unable to hold themselves to account for their own policies. On apprenticeships, the overall numbers are welcome, and I think that all parts of the chamber have talked about that, but on the figures given to us by Inclusion Scotland, there is a real difficulty there. It was described by the Government as a challenge, but those figures from Inclusion Scotland come from 2012-2013. We are now in 2015, Deputy Presiding Officer. We should be at a stage where the Government is able to say more than it is a bit of a challenge, particularly if the same figures are in England—I have not had those verified, but they have come to me from the Scottish Children's Services Coalition—but if they are true, where it is 8.7 per cent in England, as opposed to 0.2 per cent in Scotland, that is not just a small difference. That is, obviously, a completely different approach and something that ought to be investigated urgently by the Scottish Government as soon as this debate is finished. That is one issue where, I think, it failed. On the Youth Employment Scotland fund, one of its flagship policies, the Scottish Government has been unable to say from inquiries through spies from PICUs last year and again from questions today that they have not been able to tell us how many jobs have been created and how many of those placements, more importantly, turned into longer-term jobs after the initial six months. Of course, I am delighted to take that answer, for sure. Just on the point of the Youth Employment Scotland fund, of course, it is an employer recruitment incentive approach and is therefore not directly comparable to the work programme, and I am sure that the member would accept that. On the member's other point about evaluation, yes, that is quite right. There will be an evaluation and, of course, the findings of the evaluation will be shared with the Parliament as soon as they are available. I am not sure that intervention cast the Scottish Government in a particularly good light. They said that it would create 10,000 opportunities. Not my words, John Swinney's words. The key plank of their budget for 2013-14 was that they would create 10,000 opportunities. All that we are asking now, several years later, is how many opportunities have been created. Surely the Scottish Government must know this figure. The figure is not going to change for 2013-14, given that we are well outside that financial year. They must know, and they told Tavish Scott in an answer last year that they would tell us everything at the beginning of this year, and they have not done so. We are simply asking the Scottish Government to tell us what has happened to this flagship policy and, actually, has it delivered results? I hope that the minister, in summing up, will give us some answers to the challenges posed to the Scottish Government, instead of just criticising others. Commitments that I had today here in Parliament prevented me from attending the annual International Workers Memorial Day event at Summerley Heritage Park in Coatbridge, as I would have liked to, as I would normally do. I thank the Scottish Government for holding us to debate this afternoon, so that my colleague, Siobhan McMahon, could lodge an amendment that recognises the importance of today, as she stated in the amendment to both remember the dead and fight for the living. It is good that we are debating employability, but we should not just be looking at how we get people into work, but considering what type of employment people should have the right to expect and how we can achieve that. Margaret Macaulay's speech threw those issues out particularly well. Ms McMahon was also right to raise the fact that the Scottish Government should be committing to use its powers of procurement to extend the lowing wage and bring to an end insecure employment with a ban on exploiting zero-hours contracts and to assist James Dornan and Richard Lyle further. That means Glasgow, Greenock and Grangemouth and any part of Scotland that begins with or without a G. I hope that that is clear. It is good to hear that the Scottish Government agrees. Just for clarification, is it with or without the exploitative aspect of it, because that was not clear from both contributors earlier on? I do not know whether it is just that Mr Dornan is hard of understanding or hard of hearing. I said to be of assistance that it is exploitative contracts. There is a clear difference and the trade union organisations know the difference between a flexible contract and an exploitative zero-hours contract. I think that you should go away and try to understand that yourself, Mr Dornan. I am particularly pleased that the cabinet secretary indicated her support for this afternoon's amendment from the Scottish Labour Party because it promotes work-pay contracts, as well as our commitment on zero-hours contracts. It does not chime with what they said when we announced them in our manifesto. It is certainly not in their manifesto, so I wonder why they chose to support our amendment this afternoon, but I welcome it anyway. I am just unfortunate that clearly someone did not send Mr Lyle the memo. He introduced Labour for its position on those issues and he confirmed that, in spite of what the cabinet secretary said, he does not support Labour's position. I think that the SNP should clarify that for us this afternoon.  I commend that Mr Lyle looks... I am going to ask the member to withdraw that. At the end of the day, I have called you for what you are, not what you believe you are. I think that Mr Lyle just continued to expose the point that I was making. I commend that Mr Lyle looks more to his colleague Stuart Stevenson, who clearly understood the message that was being delivered from his front bench this afternoon and took us into a broad consensus on the points that we can agree on and I think that we should agree on. While our amendment recognises the work being done by the Scottish Government with the third sector and I think that it is right that we do that, there is a lot of help to prepare disabled people for work. We understand that as well, but you cannot deny the point that has been made by others in the debate this afternoon when you look at inclusion Scotland statistics. The latest figures show that the employment rate for disabled people in Scotland has fallen to just 40.8 per cent despite overall employment rates for the whole working-age population rising to almost 75 per cent. That is something that we have to look at. Within those figures, the points that were made—and I think that it is worth reiterating—the fact that in 2012-13, just 63 apprentices out of 25,691 modern apprenticeships went to young disabled people. That is a shameful 0.2 per cent. No matter how much the Government might want to pat itself on the back for its achievement and its numbers, I take the point that Stuart Stevenson made. We want to get to figures like 30,000 modern apprenticeships, but I think that it would also be useful when you are making that point not to compare it to the statistics that we had under the previous Labour administration because you would be comparing apples with oranges. In the previous Labour administration, Mr Maxwell, if you check your facts, only level 4 and 3 at SVQ were counted as modern apprenticeships. The Scottish Government now counts level 2 and other SVQ in-work qualifications. I am not decrying that. That is not a bad thing, but please do not try to say that you are moved to this figure of 25,000 by comparing it to what was counted before. You are counting them differently, and that is an important point. No-one saying those figures could disagree that disabled peoples' on-going exclusion from the labour market because of discrimination and a failure to provide the necessary report to access employment has to be tackled. That is why Labour uses its amendment to call for an early review in the context of Scotland taking over disability benefits with the expected implementation of the Smith commission proposals. We believe that wider reforms on employment policy are required to deliver a more socially just Scotland. My experience in listening to employers tells me that, at present, the expectations of the private sector are far too often odds with the structures for employment programmes that are designed and run by public sector agencies such as Jobcentre Plus and Skills Development Scotland. That is why any employment programme must have the earliest possible private sector involvement so that employment initiatives have the best possible chance to succeed in meeting the needs of the business sectors that we rely on to provide the sustainable economic growth that we all desire. That was a point that I agree with Stuart Maxwell on. The main criticism that we have is that it appears that it has been raised by people in the debate. The Skills Development Scotland seems to identify the outcome that it wants and then try to fit the round SME pegs into square training place holes that they have designed to meet their targets. Elaine Murray highlighted an important example of SDS, one-size-fits-all attitude in her area. Nigel Dawn and Lewis MacDonald also introduced perspectives into the debate on consideration of local job market conditions. I think that that is a very important aspect. We often hear that businesses and government are under intense pressure to become more strategic about developing and assessing employability initiatives and the skillsets that need to be created to meet current and envisaged skill shortages. Business groups claim to be linking strategic planning more directly with training, development and recruitment, while an education and skills system claims to be moving towards skill-based outcomes. Government agencies are keen on certifying learners' employability skills by the modern apprenticeships, SPQs or other vocational courses as a means of indicating that people have been enabled to negotiate their transition to the world of work. However, what seems to be missing is a robust evidence that we need to ensure that that is being achieved. Although employers and educators know that the development of skills is essential to Scotland's competitiveness and growth in highly competitive global markets, they find it difficult to take effective concerted action to establish programmes for delivering them. Whether they disagree or not with their opinion, there seems to need to be a certain lack of clarity about what employability skills are often seen as and how they are connected to one another and how they approach the process of developing them. Connecting the separate worlds of work and education by developing employability skills should also help to promote a culture of lifelong learning that will provide benefits to the economy at large in the longer term. A number of people talked about the long-term importance of the debate, and I think that that was an important aspect to draw out of the debate. I look forward to the response from the minister and I hope that, as we go forward this afternoon, we can continue to have that consensus that brings us to a point in which we agree just how important an issue this is for Scotland as we go forward. Thank you very much. I now call in Annabelle Ewing to wind up the debate. Minister, I think that all of the extra time has been used up. If you could finish by 5 o'clock, I would be grateful. I will certainly do my best, Presiding Officer. Thank you very much. Today's debate has been interesting and wide-ranging, and I welcome the contributions from all members this afternoon in a moment. I will try to pick up on a number of the points made, but first I would like to stress that the cabinet secretary made clear in her opening speech that it is important to say that we want to listen to ideas and views from across the board and, as far as possible, to build a consensual and a collaborative approach to the devolution of employment support services. We intend to engage with a broad range of stakeholders and service providers through our public consultation to be launched this year, and I would like to take this opportunity to thank SCVO, Inclusion Scotland and the Health and Social Care Alliance Scotland for having taken the time to provide briefings for today's debate. Those briefings reflect the enthusiasm on the part of the third sector to make a contribution to the debate and ensure, indeed, that their suggestions are duly considered. In the context of this debate this afternoon, we will focus particularly and, indeed, in the consultation that we launched on the position of users of employment support services because we need to understand their needs to ensure that they are empowered to make progress into the world of work by being closely involved in the development and in the design of the employment support services. We take that approach because we believe that those who use services can make a critical contribution to how those services are delivered for the best, and we take that approach because we believe in participative democracy, empowering communities, building community capacity and enabling more people to participate in decision making about issues that affect them. We also take that approach because we believe that the devolution of employment support services provides Scotland with significant opportunities that we intend to seize and to maximise. Responding to some of the points raised, I welcome Siobhan MacMahon's approach to the debate today because she came along with some suggestions, and that is what the debate is all about. Indeed, in terms of the point that she made about the website, I think that that was an important point, and it is something that I will certainly take back to officials, because the point of communication is to communicate. If there are people that that is not serving, we need to find a way to communicate with those people, so I think that that was a very important point made. On the project search model, that is something that I was aware of, but I will look closely into it. I am quite sure that the Scottish consortium for learning disability will wish to be very closely involved in the roll-out of our devolved employment support services, particularly for disabled people, so I am sure that they will wish to play a key role in that process. Mr Brown raised a number of points, one of which I have already dealt with in my intervention, but on the issue of alignment of employability, of course, as we have heard in the debate points made very well by Gordon McDonald and by Chick Brody, the point is at the moment that we are a bit hamstrung because the jigsaw is fragmented, some of the powers are here and some of the powers are at Westminster. That is a point that has been recognised by indeed many third sector organisations quoted this afternoon. I think that I have already dealt with one intervention. I have got now a little time and I am trying to get round as many people as possible in terms of their important contributions today. The fact of the fragmentation is indeed holding us back, and I think that we could do an awful lot better if we had the powers as suggested to be devolved in the heads of agreement of the Smith commission. I hope that the member will support the devolution of those powers and not the more restrictive powers that came up in the draft clauses. On the important issue raised by a number of members, including Gavin Brown and Michael Machen, on the issue of those with disabilities and having access to employment, it is fair to say that the modern apprenticeship is one scheme and there are other areas perhaps where the reporting is not being picked up in terms of numbers. However, it is fair to say that a lot of work still needs to be done, and that is why, as part of the national programme under the Developing Scotlandian Workforce project, we have allocated additional funding, part of a wider £3 million allocation in 2014-15, to develop a range of equality activity. One of those activities is research, which is about to be completed. There has been involvement of various stakeholders, and once we have that research, we will be in a position to proceed with an action plan, a very brief intervention, because we did already have one. I will try to be helpful, minister. It would be useful if we could get the figures on people in training who have disabilities in the round so that we can have that proper contract, as I take the point that you are making. Yes, I accept that point. I was going on to say to Dr Simpson that, of course, in terms of what he suggested, of a breakdown of what kinds of disability and so on, I think that that is important. However, it has been pointed out to me in my work, along with Michael McMahon and Siobhan McMahon, on the cross-party group on disability and, indeed, in other areas, that, for some people with a disability, they do not self-identify, so there is that issue to be borne in mind. However, I nonetheless think that, to the extent that we can, we should try to gather more information to better equip ourselves to work out a better way forward. In response to some of the other comments in the debate, which I have now lost, that Margaret McCulloch made a good point to the effect that employability schemes do not work in isolation. I entirely agree with that. Stuart Maxwell spoke about, in his constituency, McKean development limited in Barrehead being the 100th firm accredited as a living wage accredited employer. I indeed had the pleasure to meet them at a reception in a Barn Deniston just on the day in which they received the accreditation, and they were very proud to have achieved that accreditation. Mark McDonald mentioned the excellent approach in terms of employability of the station house media unit Shmoo. I indeed had a very successful visit there, and I was very impressed with the excellent work that they are doing. Colin Beattie mentioned the investment in young people accolade, and I encourage all members to engage with local business to encourage local business to consider becoming accredited in terms of the investment in young people accolade. Elaine Murray looked at various local issues in terms of Dumfries and Galloway, and, of course, if there is good practice to learn about, I hope that Dr Murray will make that known to me. Nigel Don made the key point of the need to secure further economic growth in order to secure the better opportunities for young people that we all wish to see. Lewis MacDonald talked about the highlight of the important work of the energy jobs task force, and, of course, the Scottish Government has been working closely with unions and will continue to do so. Richard Lyle made a passionate speech, and he was very passionate about the need for fair work, which I think that we can all agree with. Stuart Stevenson spoke about the overriding need to put first the interests of people in need of a bit of help into the world of work, and that is the overriding approach that we have taken to today's debate. He also made a powerful plea for the need to treat people as individuals and not as categories—a point that I entirely agree with. Margaret MacDougall stressed the important role of the third sector in employment support provision in Scotland, and that was a point well-made with her experience on the CPG on volunteering. James Dornan talked about local examples in his constituency of Glasgow-Cathcart of young people getting the skills that they need to make their way into the world of work, with help from local programmes such as The Only Way Is Up, and I feel that we visit probably coming on to Cathcart. Mike Russell stepped into the breach to make a brief contribution to the debate, and a very interesting one was, too, that he focused on the need to tackle the issue of inequality in society. In this regard, he highlighted the important role that local jobs fairs can play. What do you please? Can we hear the minister's closing? That was an example of indeed the wide-ranging nature of the debate today. I see that I have only a little bit of time left, so that means that I won't be reading out this very long, detailed technical speech. I'm just going through the pages. There are a number of important points that have emerged from today's debate. In terms of suggestions made, those suggestions will be duly considered by the Government, because that is the point of the exercise. We want a broad discussion about how we can do this better, because that is how we will serve better the people that are relying on us to act in a way that serves their interests and not get diverted down other routes. In conclusion, the Government has established a strong track record in supporting people into work, and we have heard evidence of that today. I am determined that we will seize the opportunity brought by the planned evolution of employment support services to build on that success and to ensure that more people secure better work and secure the benefits that that will bring to Scotland, to her people and to her communities. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. Many thanks. That concludes the debate on Scotland's future employability services, and it's time to move on to the next item of business, which is decision time. Could I ask members who are in the chamber and hoping to vote at decision time to check that their cards are properly in their consoles? Thank you very much. There are two questions to be put as a result of today's business. The first question is at amendment 13023.1, in the name of Siobhan MacMahon, which seeks to amend motion number 13023, in the name of Rosanna Cunningham, on Scotland's future employability services. We agreed to, are we all agreed? We are not agreed, and therefore we will move to a vote. Members should please cast their votes now. The result of the vote on amendment number 13023.1, in the name of Siobhan MacMahon, is yes, 54. No 13, there were no abstentions, the amendment therefore is agreed to, which then brings us to the next question, which is that motion 13023, in the name of Rosanna Cunningham, as amended, on Scotland's future employability services, we agreed to, are we all agreed? The Parliament is not agreed, and therefore we will move to a vote. Members should please cast their votes now. The result of the vote on motion number 13023, in the name of Rosanna Cunningham, as amended, is yes, 57. No nine, there were two abstentions, the motion as amended is therefore agreed to, and that concludes decision time. As we are now moving to members' business, I would be grateful if members who are leaving the chamber could do so quietly please.


Wrth gwrs, mae'n mwyn am connectshau gynhymru y gallai ambrannu ddeithas. Ac mae yna lle iwer i cobraeth newydd. Mae'r maesu yma'r yn lleio mewn beth syniad dal o'r par i'r 3 ar 4 ygof yn gofyn o'r ddau ar y corydd ffordd. A blwyddyn nhw i gwneud o'r byd am hyn ar y c babies, ac mae'n ddiwedd yn llwyddiad, mae'n llwyddiad yn llwyddiad, ac mae'n dferodi 3d, rydw i wedi gweld, yna gweld i wneud. Fe'ch bobl yn dda. Rwy'n meddwl, dwi'n meddwl i'r llwy, y cobrad wedi mewn meddwl gwaith ymweld yn eich hwn. Mae'n meddwl hefyd yn meddwl'r hyffordd, oherwydd mae'n meddwl i'r methau. Felly dyna'r byddwn i ddim ar y cyfrigol a'i ddim yn ymddangos i'r newydd. Mae'r rath o ffraith rhan o'r mewn i'r buswydd yn gwneud o'r mewn cyfgau mewn. Mae'n gwneud y prysgau o bwysig, oherwydd mae'n gwneud i gael, mae'n ddim yn y wneud wedi gweld ar gyfer hyn, ond mae'n gael, i'n wneud i'r ffordd o'i gynnwys gan Fhorgolf? Ond yn ei gydag cyhoedd, gan goment yna ein frwdigol, ond yn ybowd a'i gydag cyhoedd, ond byddwn i'n gynharu eu gwirionedd. Fe'r ffordd i'g ddau bod yn ymddeithasol, fel yma cymdeithasol, ein gylwgr gyhoedd. Mae'r cynnwys gwneud yn gweld i'n ffordd, fel yng nghymru yw gweithio, yn cael ei roi'n trebyd pob wneud ym mhawdd ar hwn. Roedd y ceisio i'n ffordd, gyda'r Lwc. Mae'n rhaid i'r Cobra, mae'r Lwc yn unrhyw i'r cyflwydd mwyaf. Mae'r cyflwyd i'r cyflwydd. Mae'n rhaid i'r cyflwydd yn rhaid i'r cyflwydd. Oherwydd, mae'n mynd i'n meddwl i'r rhai oedd o hwnnw. Mae'n meddwl â'r Cobra. Mae'n meddwl i'r cyflwydd i'r cyflwydd iddyn nhw. Rwy'n meddwl i'r cyflwydd, mae'n meddwl i'r cyflwydd, mae'n meddwl i'r cyflwydd. Mae'n rost o ddegiydd ac rydw i o'n ei bod nhw'n gwneud. Yma, rydw i'w gael ei wneud o ran ysgreend... ..yfaint ymddorol o'n gweithl. Mae eich cyfosad o'r hyffordd yn eigylched, yn iawn mae'n rhan os ond mae'n gweithio. Mae'r lluniaeth yn ymddir o'r bobl. Felly mae'n ei gallu, fel cywir i gwynt ynmysg. Dyma gwaith rhaodd, yn gweithio'n gwneud hynna oherwydd gan gweithio'n gweithio... ..y garaith dros y blyny yn ysgrifion. bod gymnyddiad wedi wahanol oes gan y iawn. A benthe. Rydyn ni'n ffordd o'r ddweud beth yw'r ddweud, a'r ddweud nid o'r ddweud. Ond yr un o ddweud yn ychydig, nid, mae'n ddweud yn fawr mewn gweld. O'i wneud bwysig, a ddim bydd ym ei wneud. Rydyn ni'n bod yn yw'r ddweud o'r ddweud, ddweud yn roedlau'n ddweud, mae'n yw'n ddweud o'r rhaid gennym i, bydd wedi ddechrau. I still class this as a game improvement and I'm not sure what Cobra do but sort of heal to toe overall profile fairly compact and I do like what I said that sort of carbon material that's placed in that top line does tend to thin it out of it so visually it's quite good but playing on one is a bit of a hybrid course here to try and get us a yardage over to a pin across the fairways and it's not where we normally always should be playing but we're early morning nobody about and we'll try and hit a green O'r IQ eidwyd yn y baut. Chwtwn i dda fel'r In dry ball data it comes out just a little bit longer than that. Again, strong lofted iron. But for me what you play on the course and what you hit in terms of dry ball data in a driving range are often two, totally different things. It's a lot easier and a lot freer the swing when you've not got to worry about obstacles in the way. In terms of how the ball went off, good. Launch is incredibly high and I love what it does in terms of performance.  Rhaid i'r cwmpiaeth y byddwch, rwy'n golygu. Yr unrhyw i ddweud o hynny'n gweithio yw yng Nghymru oherwydd ym mhawr, o'r ffordd o'r ffordd o'r dynchau cyd-rhyw. Mae'r ddweud o'r dynchau, dwi'n gwybod yw ddweud o'r gwaith, Mae'r clwspyn yn ymgarfa'r bobl yn amlwg yn y gweithio'r bobl yn amlwg y mae ydw i'n gwybod chi'n gwaith yn ôl iawn. Felly gallwn i gwaith ystod y gallai gwell. Felly mae'r gweithi ddechrau'r bobl yn ymgyrchgempdo ar ei ddweud. Felly gallwn i fewniaeth yr offsyn i weld yn ei wneud yn gweithio mwy oedd yn teimlo. Mae'n gwybod a'wn ymgyrch yn ôl ei ddweud a dwy'n ar yn gweithio ar hyn. Dwi'n cael ei ddweud pethais oherwydd Ieithdiol. Ych chi'n gwneud hynny yn dweud bod hynny nesaf rydwm That's not what happens in these clubs anymore. So a good spin number, great launch angle, great descent angle as you can see, and a great carry distance. The problem for me is I go back to the sound. It's incredibly, what I don't know what the word, sharp is on the ears. And again I've not heard back that audio that we recorded before. So maybe we picked it up, maybe we didn't. Little bit loud for me, little bit harsh and would be the one major negative. Other than that, I've only got a 7-9 in hand, but it would be very hard to find a criticism in these irons at this stage. Right, so I went out over three shots with just some, although I don't have a full set to test with, so I've only got a 7-9. One of the things, Cobra don't send me anything direct, so it's very difficult for me to test because what manufacturers do is if you've got a pitching wedge, if I've got a 7-9, if I've got a long eye, and I feel I can give a better appraisal in terms of a product review. And in this case we just wait till the product's come into foregolf, therefore I'm late in terms of testing, therefore I've only got a 7-9 and it becomes not a lot I can do. But we do our best with what we've got. And I've just tried a few chip and runs here with a 7-9 again, not ideal. But the thing I wanted to test was in terms of feel. And although I said pretty much negative in terms of either sound, which often resonates in feel, what you'll see from the three chip shots, or chip and runs, is we were able to adapt to what we were seeing and what we were feeling. So the first two were a little bit long and again fired out there. It is a bit fiery off the face, but again, third shot, a little bit closer. And again, that to me tells me that I'm getting something back into their hands, which means the feel element, although the sound isn't great from a feel perspective, it's kind of okay and certainly for the category that it falls into. So the final question is this for me. It's again, it's the Cobra thing and how many of you are influenced by the price point that Cobra have come in by? Because I think that's one of the most impressive things. And then going back to the looks again, what are your thoughts? And are you similar to me and you think that it's more aimed at a younger audience? I don't know, might be a complete misunderstanding from my perspective in terms of what I am seeing. And finally, the thing I want to mention is about the Average Golfers Club. I'm determined to mention it on every video I do from now on. And it's really important for members that get effectively the major deal they get is 10% off all the products that I review. Any product that's available out there in the golf world right now, for golf give you 10% by being a member of the Average Golfers Club. Way to find out more details is theaveragegolfer.co.uk and I'll stick a link down below. But honestly, so many golfers are saving themselves as well as other things. They're saving a heck of a lot of money off their new golf products at the minute. Right, that's me done. We're finished. It's not too bad in terms of whether I think we've just avoided the rain. It's another review from the Average Golfers and I think my overall assessment in terms of the product would be certainly well worth a try if that's the category you're looking for in terms of the product, then give it a whirl. For me, the sound and the looks, not my cup of tea, but will still appeal to plenty. Hey. This is a David Amber moment, but seriously, it's... This is probably the most interesting part of the review so far. If that doesn't move on that fence post, that's not false, by the way. It looks like an owl of some sort. It's an owl. It's an owl. How pretty is that? You need to get close enough because that lens isn't catching him. That needs to fly off because I'm thinking it's false. Oh my God, it's not false, you know. That's real. It's false. Oh my God. He's really tame, isn't he? He's not bothered by me.