In this presentation we will work a problem with a change of estimate for depreciation. Here's going to be our data up top. We're going to enter this data into our worksheet here for depreciation and then the depreciation after the change in estimate. Then record the book value for each year that will be affected using our worksheet here. Our data up top says original data says that we had a cost of 50,000 salvage value 1,000 useful life for years. We're going to use a straight line method for this presentation. In our change of data we have the useful life at the beginning of year three meaning we had a change after the second year. We thought first off that it was only going to last three years and then after year two because this is just an estimate quite possible that it could come to light that we believe it's going to last longer than that or shorter than that whatever the estimate may be what we will not well that's going to be the change here. So we have the change here after year two it's going to have a useful life of four years after year two the salvage value only being however 500 rather than the original 1000. We're going to enter that data into our depreciation down here. We'll start off with the original straight line. We'll do this relatively quick because straight line is going to be the standard format and then we'll do what that change of estimate. So straight line we're going to start off with the cost that started out to be 50,000 that's not going to change of course because that's not an estimate that's what we're actually paying. Then we have the salvage value and that's going to be 1000 1000 that's given up here and we will subtract that out and that will give us the amount to be depreciated and we're going to say that that equals and B15 is 50,000 minus this 1000 or B13 minus B14 giving us 49,000 then we'll divide that by the useful life useful life which we said originally was three years three years scrolling back up to the data three years that's where we are picking that up from then we'll do our division problem and we will come to the depreciation per year if i spell some of this wrong i apologize for that so we're going to divide this out we got the 49,000 to be depreciated three years of depreciation we will then divide that out this equals the 49,000 divided by three years B5 divided by B or P15 divided by B16 that gives us our 16,333 this could be rounded so just note that there is rounding involved here we're going to round to the nearest dollar if you want to check round and you go to the home tab numbers and increase in denting that's really 3.333 16.333.333 so i'm going to take off the decimals then we're going to do our calculation up top for the book value and so remember whenever you're calculating depreciation it's often the case when we first learn it that we get to this depreciation per year and we're like okay we got the answer that's it but notice that any book problem can can give you ever any other components of depreciation including the accumulated depreciation or the book value so we need to know how to get those as well so you've got the cost which is going to be the 50,000 we've got the depreciation accumulated depreciation which will be the accumulation of depreciation over its useful life this only being the first year therefore we only have one year of depreciation which equals that 16,333 if we subtract this out then we say that this equals the 50,000 minus the 16,333 providing us with the 33,667 that is of course rounded as well so because this is straight line year two is going to be the same well the same cost of course cost doesn't change accumulated depreciation will be increased by the same amount meaning we have in the prior year equals this 16,333 in the prior year plus we've got another 16,333 for the current year depreciation giving us a total that didn't add let's do that one more time this equals this prior year's accumulated depreciation plus the current year's depreciation for year two giving us 32,667 we can then subtract that out finding the book value at the end of year two by saying equals this 50,000 minus the 32,667 giving 17,333 now we're not going to keep doing that because we thought it had a three year useful life and if we were to go to three years it would take the book value down to the salvage amount but this of course is the area where we now are saying there's a change in estimate so we now want to account for that change in estimate now note what we will not do is we're not going to say okay there's a change in estimate typically we're not going to go back in time and refigure out the prior years the prior years have already happened and therefore what we're going to do is fix things from this point forward that will usually be the case when we make a change in estimate in something like in this case both the salvage value and the useful life so what we're going to do is we're going to say okay i'm not going to go back if we do go back and part of the reasoning for that is that these depreciation amounts in year one and two have already closed out to retained earnings the books are basically closed so to go back and restate those financial statements might not be the the best option it might not be worth our time to do that it might be best at this point to say okay we recognize that there's a change in estimate at this time and make that change happen from this time forward so in order to do that what we're going to say okay i need to take the book value as of now we're not going to take the cost we'll take the book value as of it is as of the end of year two and then we'll apply the new changes to it using the same type of straight line or whatever depreciation method in our case straight line depreciation calculation so i'm going to go back over here we're going to say that now this is is not the cost but it's the book value uh at year two and at the end of year two this is the book value and that equals what we have in our worksheet over here that's where we're at at this time in terms of book value and then we're going to subtract out the salvage value now we're just going to apply the same type of formula we're going to subtract out the salvage which now has changed once again it was 1000 now it's 500 so we're going to subtract out the salvage of 500 and then we'll subtract those out and that'll be the amount to be amount to be depreciated so this equals 17,333 minus 500 or 16,833 and then we're going to divide that by the useful life as of this point in time the useful life the useful life and that's going to be the useful life is four and now we're going to take the depreciation per year for the rest of the remaining life of the depreciable property per year dividing this out so this is the amount to be depreciated this is the number of years we're going to say this equals this 16,833 divided by four years giving us 4,208 so this then is going to be our new number that we're going to depreciate for the rest of the time period we have four more years years three four five and six so we're going to say of course the cost will remain the same and the accumulated depreciation same calculation last year's accumulated depreciation where we stood in terms of the accumulated depreciation as of the end of year two plus let's get the plus this time not this step as we did last time as I did last time and then pick up the new depreciation per year new depreciation per year 4,208 there we have it and then we can subtract this out the book value as of year three equals this 50,000 minus the 36,875 giving 13,125 same thing for year four this equals the 50 still and we could copy this formula if we use absolute references just to show you what we'd want to do is this cell we'd want to change f13 to g13 so we wouldn't do anything that this cell we want to stay the same this cell we don't want it to move to column C so if I wanted to copy it across I can absolute reference it by saying f4 and that puts a dollar sign between before the B and the 24 we could use a mixed references all we need but I use an absolute reference won't hurt so we're going to say okay and then if I copy that across it'll do what we think it should do it takes that cell and that cell I'm going to I'm going to do it just manually just so that we can see it so we're going to say this equals this prior year's accumulated depreciation plus and then we'll pick up the current year's depreciation expense 4,208 and then of course we can subtract this out once again equaling the 50,000 cost minus the accumulated depreciation as of year four book value going down to 8,917 let's do this a couple more times this equals the 50,000 we're going to say the accumulated depreciation equals the prior year's accumulated depreciation plus the current depreciation expense which is the same because it's straight line that gives us our accumulated depreciation then we'll subtract this out we've got the 50,000 minus the 45,292 giving us the 4,708 one more time then we have to stop because this is the last one and it's a shame so we're going to take that 50,000 and then we're going to get the accumulated depreciation which will equal the 45,292 accumulated depreciation for the prior year and then we'll pick up the 4,208 current year depreciation expense that given us the accumulated depreciation for year six 49,500 if we subtract this out then we get the 50,000 minus the 49,500 which should bring us to 500 that's the salvage value so that's kind of our check figure if you're able to do the whole problem it's nice to do so because when then we have the check figure and we could say oh did it stop the where we wanted it to 500 yes now if we don't have any salvage value which could be the case in in a lot of actual depreciation problems then of course it would stop at zero but if we have a salvage value it should stop at the salvage we will not depreciate any longer because that's the salvage that's what we can sell it for that's what we think basically we can scrap the machinery equipment for at the end of its useful life


A fiery horse with a speed of light, a claw of dust, and a hearty hyo-silber, the Lone Ranger. With his faithful Indian companion, Tuttle, the daring and resourceful Masked Rider of the Plains led the fight for law and order in the early western United States. No where in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the Great Horse Silver, the Lone Ranger fights again. The crowd in the cafe at Greystone was as usual noisy and boisterous. That is they were until the door opened and the big tough looking man entered. Look, his gun were at the windows. Mike Pickens walked slowly, his arms hanging at his sides, his piercing eyes surveying the crowd as they waited in hushed expectancy. Then he stopped walking and spoke. My men have covered all of you from the open windows. I came here to find Sheriff Carver. Is he here? I saw those reward posters you've plastered all over with your name signed to them. They and I'm wounded, dead or alive. Yeah, so I noticed. Well, I don't like them. And I don't like you, Carver. So I decided to come and do something about it. You did, huh? Yeah. So now you have your chance to take me or I'm counting three. And we draw and shoot.  My men will see that no one interferes. Hold on, Pickens. One. Two. Great shooting. Get ready, Carver. Three. The sheriff didn't have a chance. Let's get after those gunslingers. Come on, come on. Pickens' bullet had not killed Sheriff Carver, but he had been seriously wounded and would not be able to carry on his duties for a long time. A few days after the shooting, the leading businessmen of Greystone met at the general store. John Stanley, the banker, was talking to them. Man, you all know what I'm talking about. John Stanley, the banker, was talking to them. Man, you all know what happened to Sheriff Carver. And you all know that two sheriffs before Carver were killed by Mike Pickens and his men. Yes, sir. The sheriff will be laid up for some time. We need somebody to take over the job and try to run down those killers. Well, who's willing to do it? Not me, John. Not me, Art. I'm not signing my death warrant yet. Nobody in town is able to stuff Pickens and his men? That's right. Well, that's just where we stand. Nobody will consider being appointed in Carver's place. So Greystone is left without a lawman. Things are liable to get out of hand without someone to keep law in order. Hear about? All right. Well, here comes the telegraph operator with a message for somebody. What do you have there, Joe? Here's a reply to the telegram he sent to St. Louis, Mr. Stanley, from Sheriff Carver's son Ted. Oh, give it here, Joe. Here you are. Ted coming here to be with his father. What's he say about the shooting? Now, hold on. Hold on, everybody. I'll read you what Ted says on this telegram. Now, listen. I'm shocked to hear of Dad's condition, leaving for Greystone at once by railroad. If Sheriff's job is by appointment, please consider me to take Dad's place.  Sign Ted Carver. Maybe Pickens will get him, too. Well, I say give Ted a chance at him. Now, just a minute now, a good many of you don't even remember Ted Carver. He went to St. Louis five years ago. He was 20 years old then, a darn nice young fellow, too. He could handle guns about as well as his dad, but that's not good enough to buck up against Mike Pickens. Maybe he'd be luckier than his father was, Mr. Stanley. Of course, he may be scared off when he hears what he's up against. Well, we'll tell him the facts when he gets here. It'd be like sending a tender foot against Pickens to let Ted take over the job. Well, maybe so, but Ted will be soaring off at Pickens to go after him, which is more than anyone else would have the nerve to do. Well, when Ted gets here, we'll talk it over. As far as I'm concerned, I don't think he should be appointed to the job. If he were, I figure he'd end up with a bullet in him just like his father did. When Ted Carver finally arrived in Greystone, a committee of townsmen met him at the station. Well, Ted, there's the train from St. Louis. Ted ought to be getting off in a minute. Yeah. He's liable to want to get back on again when we tell him about Pickens. He's not being appointed sheriff, though there's no reason he should feel that way. Well, there he is now. Come on. Yeah, let's go see him. Oh, Ted! Ted Carver! Well, Banker Stanley. Glad to see you again. How's Dad? Well, he's in a wheelchair, Ted, but it'll be a long time before he gets around again. I'd like to get my hands on the man who shot Dad. Did you get my telegram? Yes, Ted, but you see, the outlaw, Mike Pickens, who shot your Dad, is a mighty tough hombre and plenty quick on the draw. It'd be useless for a young fellow like you to try to get him. Mr. Stanley, I came out here with just one purpose in mind, to get the man who shot Dad. It isn't right for you not to give me the chance. Ted, it'd be suicide for you to take over a sheriff. Sure. The minute Pickens heard about it, he'd bring his gang and come gun him for you, too. You have somebody else in mind to take Dad's place? No, not yet. Then give me the job and let me try. Dad would expect me to fill his shoes after what happened. Now point me to the job before I see Dad so I'll be able to tell him about it. Well... You still don't realize what you'll be up against, Ted. Nobody else is willing to take over the job. Then why not let me take it? After all, I'm the one who's taking the risk. What do you say, Mr. Stanley? Well, Ted, I hate to do it, but if that's the way you want it, I reckon we might as well give you the chance. Let's go see your father. We'll square you in and give you his badge to wear. Let's go. That afternoon, Tahoe, Indian companion to the Lone Ranger, returned to their camp in the nearby hills. Oh, Scott, oh, father! This is Scott. This is Scott. What's going on in town, Tahoe? Well, Ted Carver, son of wounded sheriff, come and train. He'll talk to men at station, say he want to be sheriff. Ted's been east for some time. He'd be a tenderfoot as a sheriff out here now. Ah, but he want to get Mike Tickens, the outlaw who shoots sheriff. Men say they make him sheriff. Maybe him get shot by outlaw who wound his father. The job he may not be able to handle. But maybe when he learn more about Tickens, young father give up job. Not if he's anything like his father, Tahoe. Carver's a very proud man. I feel sure once his son Ted has taken that badge of sheriff, he'll not want to appear yellow by turning it in. I mean, not think him have chance against Mike Tickens. Yes, I know. Tahoe, I'll disguise myself as a cow poke. We both go to town. Keep our eyes open in case Mike Tickens and his men show up. That same afternoon, one of Mike Tickens' men arrived at his cabin in the hideout camp. Ho, ho, there, ho, ho. So soon, Bert? I have news, Mike. Wait till you hear this. Well, I'm waiting. A young hombre came in on a train this morning. His name is Ted Carver. Ted Carver? Yeah. He's the son of the sheriff you gunned in the cafe. But the payoff is this. He's been appointed to be sheriff in his father's place. Since the old man isn't able to get around. Ah, appointed to take his father's place, huh? Yeah. I hear he's sort of a tender foot with a gun. Been working in St. Louis for several years. The fact is, he telegraphed and asked to be appointed, so as he could round up the hombre who shot his father, meaning you. That's a good one. Reckon, he wants to get a bullet just like his father did, huh? When you're going gunning for him. I don't know yet, Bert. Did they tell him about me before they made him sheriff? Yeah. Yeah, I overheard him talking to some man who met the train when he arrived. They tried to keep him from taking a job. Told him to be suicide to try to get you. But he still wanted the chance. It will be suicide if he tries to get me just like they told him. I suppose you figure on gunning him before he even tries to find you, huh, Mike? Well, not exactly, Bert. It seems how he's young and more or less of a tender footer. I'll give him a chance to stay alive. What do you mean by that? Tonight I'll print a note and tie it to a stone. Then we'll take the gang and gallop through town, and as we pass the cafe, I'll toss it through the window. I want everybody to know what's in that note. Well, what are you going to write? I'll let you read it after I get it printed. Now go tell the men to get ready for a ride to town after supper. That evening the cafe was crowded as usual. The lone ranger who was disguised as a cowpoke stood at the back with Tonto, listening intently to the conversation. Well, in spite of all these hurt about Mike Pickens, it looks like Ted Carver's going to keep his fault as bad. Ted's not too quick on the draw.  Well, I, for one, wouldn't think he's yellow if he decided to change his mind about being here. The trouble is Mike Pickens and his gunman have all of us buffaloed in this town. That's what it is. Mike and his gang just about run things around here. We'll just have to admit he has us all licked. For my part. Hey, something happened outside. Must be Pickens and his gang again, eh? Maybe he's come to get the new shirt. Hey, something came through the front window. It's a stone with something tied to it. I'll see what it is. Hey, what is it? It's a folded note with writing on the outside. What? It says, for the new shirt. What does the note say? Yeah, yeah, read it out loud. No, no. Let's take it to the sheriff's office and let Ted Carver read it for himself, eh? The notes are here. Come on, let's go. Let's go along with them, Tunnel. I'd like to know what's in that note. A few moments later, Ted Carver seated at his father's desk in the sheriff's office, looked up as the crowd entered. Hey, Sheriff, this note is thrown through the window of the cafe just now. It's for you. Yeah, go through it. Right, the man who just got up through town. I heard them and looked down. I thought there were just some cowpokes who opened it up. He and more likely the Pickens gang. It's better I'm tired than they'll read it out loud. All right. To the new sheriff, turn in your badge and get out of town by noon tomorrow. If you don't, we'll find a way to gun you down before sunset in spite of any precautions you might take. Mike Pickens. Well, Ted, what are you able to do about that? Well, I reckon the only thing for you to do, Ted, is to turn in your badge and leave. You're kind of rusty with the gun and Pickens and his men will find a way to get at you if you don't do what he says. I'll not decide now. I want to think it over. I'll tell you in half an hour what I'm going to do. The curtain falls on the first act of our Lone Ranger adventure. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. Now to continue. After Ted Carver had read Mike Pickens' note and said he wanted to think it over, the crowd left his office as the young sheriff sat with his head in his hands staring at the top of his desk. Ted didn't notice that two men had remained and he was startled when the Lone Ranger still disguised as a cowboy spoke to him. The men in town would understand if you decided to turn in your badge, Sheriff. What? I thought everyone had gone. My Indian friend and I wanted to talk to you so we stayed. You've learned Mike Pickens' reputation, of course. Yes, I have. I took my father's badge in spite of what I heard about Pickens. I admire your courage. Thanks, mister. I reckon I need courage now. Does that mean you're thinking of keeping the badge and facing the consequences? I feel I have no other choice. I'd be yellow if I gave up in left town now. No one else would think so. My dad wouldn't back down if he were in my place. I'm sure he wouldn't, Ted. Say, who are you? Believe me, when I tell you I'm a good friend of your father's. I'd like to help you. It doesn't look like anyone can help me. I know the cards are stacked against me, but I can't bring myself to give in to Mike Pickens and his gang. I'll try to face whatever comes tomorrow afternoon. Why wait until tomorrow? What do you mean? I think we could shame some of the townsmen into forming a posse tonight. Posse? Yes. I'm sure Tonto, my Indian friend here, could follow the trail left by Mike Pickens and his men. Ah. Mm, plenty bright. But what good would trailing them do? From what I've heard of Pickens and his gunmen, a posse would most likely be gunned down. Mike Pickens has everyone in Greystone Buffalo'd, because he can draw fast and shoot straight. I know. But the rest of his gang are no better shots than many of the men in town. If we could take Pickens and his men by surprise at their hideout, I think we'd have a chance of capturing them. Well, I... Mike Pickens is so sure he has everybody afraid of him, that I doubt if he'd have guards posted at their hideout. Well, what do you say, Ted? Shall we try? I'd hope to be the one to actually face Mike Pickens and beat him to the draw. But after all I've heard... We'll discuss that part of it later, Ted. Why not come along with us now and talk some town and perform in the posse? What do you say? All right, mister. I don't know why I give in to your plan like this, but the way you talk sort of gives me confidence. Let's go. Later, Ted, with a lone ranger and his cowboy disguise, stood before the men at the cafe. Ted was talking. Men, this armory has the idea we could trail Pickens' gang to their hideout and capture them. I'll try it if I get enough men to form a posse. The last posse lost more than half its men. I don't hanker for one of Mike's bullets. Oh, just a minute, men. Mike Pickens has terrorized this town and the vicinity for some time. No one in business, no rancher with cattle to raise, is safe as long as those gunmen are at liberty. Pickens boasts of the fact that he has you all shivering in your boots. He's already killed two sheriffs here and lately wounded another. Now he's threatened the sheriff's son, Ted Carver. If Ted doesn't turn in his badge and leave town. In other words, Mike Pickens and telling all of you, he's running Greystone from now on. If Ted gives up and leaves, this town will be at Pickens' mercy. Nothing else for Ted to do if he wants to live. Yeah, he ought to do what Ted don't say. Perhaps that's what most of you would do. But Ted has courage. Something that seems to be lacking in this town. Ted has decided not to turn in his badge. Instead, Ted Carver's willing to try to get those gunmen tonight.  You would tend to go along, mister? Yes. My Indian friend will follow the gang's trail to a town. I'm banker here in Greystone and that gang has robbed my bank twice. My thunder of Ted and this zombie right here have the nerve to try to run down Mike Pickens and his men. I'll go along with them. Good for you, John. I'll join you. Well, there are two who are willing. Are the rest of you cowards? That's strong talk, mister. That's right. It is. Well, why not prove I'm wrong by joining the posse? All right. I'll go along. Yeah. There's your posse, Ted.  Inside of ten minutes, a large group of men met in front of the Sheriff's office. Toto and the Lone Ranger, still disguised, were ready to ride with them. All right, men. We hope to take those gunmen by surprise. We'll talk over our planes as we ride along. Get up there. Mike Pickens and his men. Mike Pickens and his men hadn't bothered to try to cover their trail, and it was fairly easy for Toto to follow it with the posse. Finally, the trail led over a ridge into a secluded hollow. On top of the ridge, the Lone Ranger suggested a halt. Well, Ted, we found the hideout. Look down there. I reckon you're right, mister. As far as I can make out in this moonlight, there's a couple of cabins down there. What do we do now? They hear us riding down there. What do you suggest, mister?  When he tells us what he's found out, we'll plan our approach. Good idea. He'll come back soon. The posse waited while Toto left and moved cautiously through the trees and underbrush into the hollow. Before long, he came back to report to the waiting men. He flanged out plenty. Tell us, Toto. Only two men in big cabin. Me, listen. Here, one plumber called other one, Mike, must be Pickens himself. Yes. Now, I suggest that you go with me, Ted. I go to Pickens' cabin. The rest of you follow Toto. He'll show you how to approach the other cabins and attract your attention. In his headquarters cabin at the hideout camp, Mike Pickens was alone with his right-hand man, Bert. The rest were in the other cabin nearby. Mike was talking to Bert. I'll bet that note we tore through the cafe window, scared the daylights out of everybody in town, Bert. Yeah. I figure it scared that young sheriff a lot more. I wouldn't be surprised to hear he packed up and left Greystone right away. We'll find out in the morning. And if he hasn't given up his badge and left by noon tomorrow, they'll see another sheriff drop with his bouton. I got a handle to you, Mike. You got that town and all the people in it right in the palm of your hand. Yeah, we got most of the hombres there. So scared they'd look the other way when we ride into town. Sure pays to be the quickest on the door and the straightest shot in the county, Mike. Someday soon we'll move in and take over Greystone, Bert. I'll set myself up as mayor and let you be sheriff. Then we'll live respectable. Yeah. That's a good one. Hey, Mike. Hey, what the... Hey, look, Mike. Well, Mike Pickens stared at the open door. Finkley outlined outside the door was the figure of Ted Carver. Neither Mike nor Bert could see beyond him where another tall figure stood. Rach, Pickens, I came here to get you. It's Ted Carver, the young sheriff. Yeah, so it is. All you'll get is this, Carver. Oh, my wrist! Holy cow, I can't believe it. Drop your gun, mister. Or you'll get some of the same. Yeah, sure. I guess I better. Let's go in. That was a lucky shot, that's all. You're luckiest but one of your wrist, Pickens. We should have had guards posted.  The gang will be here after hearing that shot. Yeah, and both of these hombres will get plenty of lead. Hey, what's that? It's a round of the camp and they're cleaning up that gang of yours. Mike, I didn't think those hombres in town had the nerve. They found their nerve and they discovered they had a courageous leader. Oh, oh, oh! The posse rounded them all up, champ. I see you got Mike Pickens. Good going. Yeah, if we never thought it could be done. Couple of them tried to ride away, but we got him. Man alive, I'll sure have news to send over that telegraph when I go back. I don't savvy how this happened. I drew quick as lightning, but somehow that young sheriff was faster. Sorry, Thunder Ted's no tender foot. That's right.  No, sir.  He sure will. To think you did something nobody else has been able to do. I'll gun Pickens. That's right. Ted's a wonder. He's been holding out on us. Just a minute, everybody. I guess there's something you ought to know about all this. They already know you've captured Pickens, Ted. There's no reason to say any more about it. I know, but I... Ted, I suggest the men see the Pickens' wound while I speak to you a moment outside. I'll be right back, men. See that Pickens and any others who were wounded are taken care of. Ted, I know what you were going to tell them, and... there's enough for them to know that they have a sheriff who has courage. And that because of his courage, the Mike Pickens gang is captured. I know, but... You make a better sheriff if they all think you fired this shot to stop Pickens. So forget what you started to tell them. Thanks, Mr. I couldn't have drawn that first. I want you to know how much I appreciate what you've done. Well, thanks. Well, I see Tom is waiting. Now that Pickens is in custody, we'll be on our way. How do you know Sheriff Carver and good luck? Goodbye. Gosh, I better go back inside. Dog gone, there's something familiar about that ombre who went outside with Carver. But I can't place him. Yeah, I feel that way about him, too. Well, you'll have enough time while you're waiting in jail for your trial to think about where you met him before. Can we take him away now, Sheriff? Yes, take them out of here. All right, Pickens, on your way. You two, come on. All right, all right. Well, Ted, there go your friends, the cowboy and the Indian. I sure admire the way he talked up to the men of the cafe this evening. Sure put the spunk right back into him. Yep, and the way Ted acted helped a lot, too. We're sure proud of you, Ted. Thanks. I wish I could always prove myself to you as a sing-to-do tonight. Who will? Don't worry. There's one thing I'd like to know very much. Oh, what's that? Well, I haven't any idea who that cowboy is who... who backed me up when I came here after Pickens. Oh, I can tell you that, Sheriff. You can? Who is he? Well, by putting two and two together, I figured it out. I've seen that engine before riding with a mask man near Pagus. With a mask man? Yeah. I'm sure that tall, well-built ombre posing as a cowpoke is in disguise. And I feel certain he usually wears a mask. I noticed he called his horse Silver, too. And the engine's name is Tunnel. Holy smoke. Dad told me about an ombre like that once. After what he did for me, I should have known. He must be the Lone Ranger. This is a feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated, created by George W. Trenville, produced by Trenville Campbell Enterprises, directed by Charles D. Livingston, and edited by Fran Stryker. A part of the Lone Ranger is played by Brace Beemer.


Roland Rand Chicho, your war against centralized power is constant and will know and well known to those that have followed you. What was your first experience regarding centralized power that opened your eyes? My first experience regarding centralized power, I think it was sort of cumulative. My first experience, look the veil was lifted for me when I was really young regarding news, right? Because when I came to Canada, we came in 1978, I didn't speak a word of English, it was during the Iran Controfair and Iran was being demonized for years after that, after the Ayatollahs took over and you know the shah was removed and stuff like this and you would watch the news as a kid, right? And then I learned how to speak English and stuff and then I figured out what the news was saying.  That's a lie.  One of the first places I went to to look at what was really going on was at the same time that this stuff was happening in the early 1980s, right? Was Ireland, Northern Ireland and the mainstream propagandist, the Irish reporter, bad terrorist, this, this and I started looking into this, right? And Bobby Sands, right? We did a reading of Bobby Sands poem, very important poem, very important poem, terrorist and even right now, terrorist.  Were the Native Americans that fought against the British, the French and the Spanish colonial powers, were they terrorists? For sure at the time they were considered terrorists by the occupying forces, by the imperial powers. Do we now consider them to be terrorists? Do you consider, I don't know, I'm not even going to pretend, I know some of the names of the First Nations people that occupied this land, but I don't know their history behind them, right? But one of the ones I know is this standing rock, right? One of the places you know is that event that happened in the 1960s, 70s, where the FBI agent was killed on, is it a Nevada or a man out brutalizing the history of this? I looked into this, do we consider the indigenous population of Canada and the United States to be terrorists, right?  What else have they programmed you with that is completely false? That's why I say after graduating grade 12, if it was my world, I'd make sure everyone had one year of psychedelic experience to


I remember running into a fellow colleague in the kitchen one day and she was recounting a recent challenge with a client and she used the phrase we were able to do X and then caught herself and changed it to no, no, I did this and I don't think I would have recognized it, caught it and maybe she wouldn't have said it before the workshop. My first I am a remarkable session was really impactful to me and I decided to bring it here to Merkel and then it kind of took off from there. On our International Women's Day we had over 600 people who participated and I think the way Google set up the workshop just made it approachable and comfortable. And then we got into the exercises and things like write down three reasons I am remarkable because and then people started opening up and it was a kind of a startling moment. It was like a proud mom moment, it's like oh all these people in my teams now are able to talk about what they accomplished. Diversity is absolutely critical. When we have different people giving input we just have a better outcome. And the more information that you can bring to a challenge typically the better the solution. I think now we are more conscious of encouraging each other in meetings. Some of us talked about how we kept emails or nice things people said or reminded each other when you leave a meeting you don't have to get in the cab and say oh I cannot believe I said that but think about the things that you did do well. I really believe that women in particular are getting more comfortable with speaking up so yeah I think there's been a change. One client actually came down and participated with us in the office and then she thought so highly of it that she asked for us to come to their office and facilitate a discussion for her workplace. The partnership between Google and Merkel is one that has continued to grow well beyond just generating revenue. The intent is to weave the I Am Remarkable program into ongoing training offerings. We were able to sort of amplify the effect of the program fairly rapidly. We collaborate with Asia and Europe this will take off on a global basis for sure. I've already talked to other friends of mine in other corporations I've already talked to my daughter. It's not just business I think I Am Remarkable is actually a more important movement.


Today I'm going to show you how to embed Scratch and Reveal into any seesaw activity. Before we get started I'll talk about why we would put Scratch and Reveal into activities. This is an amazing engagement strategy that hooks your students and keeps them into seesaw while maximizing the potential that the canvas actually holds. The first example I'm going to show you is how to cover up some shapes so that students discover what's underneath it before they actually find it. What I'm going to do is go to the marker and then change the color so that it matches this background light light brown like right about here. It's okay if it's not perfect we want to get really close. Next thing I'm going to do is go up to the highest pen size so that I can quickly cover up these shapes just like this. I'm just going to go around in a square just like that and then cover up the middle. The next thing I'm going to do is prompt students by putting a tool icon right here. Now I found one that looks a lot like the seesaw eraser down here. I can either go to the camera upload this image or if I have it somewhere close I can just click drag and drop it right in. I'm going to shrink it down so it's about the same size as the text and we'll leave it right here. So now students know in order to find these triangles I have to erase this content to be able to discover what's underneath this. It's almost like digging through a sandbox to be able to find our hidden triangles. The next example I'm going to show you is how to give students some information or even a hint from you as the teacher and be able to hide that in the scratch and reveal format. The first thing I'm going to do is add a text box and write the word hint. I want to make sure that students know visually that there's going to be something hidden underneath here and that they are going to have to scratch it away to be able to discover it. I'm going to change the style by going to the three dots style and then choose the far left option which allows it to be clear all the way around. Just like on the last example I'm going to add in my eraser icon so that students know that they have to use this eraser to actually reveal the hint that I'm going to hide. So everything is prepped for me now to add my content. What I'm going to do is add another text box and provide students their hint. So now that I have my hint written I'm just going to resize this a little bit and make sure that it is formatted somewhere where students can quickly find it and then lock everything in place. So now that everything is locked I'm just going to cover it up and I'm going to use the marker and do it just like I did on our last example. Choose the marker but now I'm going to go down to white since that's what our shape is right here. Crank it all the way up and then just cover up my text just like this. Now students know that they can use the eraser to erase a hint from their teacher right inside of this canvas. The final example I'm going to show you is how to add a reminder for students. Just like with our hint we're going to go to the T and we're going to type in the word reminder. I'm going to change the style to be the far left with all the transparent backgrounds and we're going to shrink it down and put it way down at the bottom corner. I'm going to add in my eraser icon just to make sure that students know exactly how to find their reminder and then we'll lock these two in place. Now I'm going to add in my words for my reminder. Let's move this down and resize it so it fits inside of our box just like this. We'll lock it in place. The last thing I'll do is go to the marker and choose white again since that is the same background we have and I'll turn it to the highest setting and just cover up our words just like this. Students now can use the eraser to reveal their reminder to allow them to be more successful with their work. Thanks for joining me and seeing how to embed a scratch off into an existing activity. Thank you so much for watching. If you enjoyed this video please like and subscribe and don't forget to go to web.seesaw.me slash lessons to see what we're working on next.


Hey, what's up everyone, it's Brandon Keith Avery and I want to welcome you to justmypn.net where today you will get my review on Transporter Refueled. Now off the top of my head, I can't count how many films have made it to the fourth installment in their franchise. So when I heard that Transporter Refuel was coming out, initially I was excited, I was a little bit curious, but then when I learned that Jason Statham wasn't attached, I lost interest. But that being said, that does not mean that the film cannot still deliver. Now I was reluctant going into this movie with a high skepticism, I did see all the trailers. One reason I felt this way was the director Camille Delmare. He did that horrific movie Brick Mansions, which unfortunately portrayed the late Paul Walker. I can say that this director's second time up the bed is a vast improvement from what he did with Brick Mansions. Now this time around with the transporter, we don't have Jason Statham, we have this new gentleman named Ed Scream, who I know that he was in Game of Thrones back in 2013 and I really don't remember him from that. Something that this sequel was able to accomplish that I appreciated was the relationship that Frank had with this father. That was nowhere to be found in the last films. This time Frank Martin's father, Frank Senior, is being played by Ray Stevenson. You remember that guy? If you know this guy, you know he played in the Marvel Knight's live action series Punisher Wars Zone that came out a few years ago. Wasn't that good, but you know. So going into this movie, I wasn't expecting much. I knew Jason Statham wasn't going to be in it and if you're going to replace Jason Statham, it's pretty obvious that the film is going to be a step down. And to be honest, all the transporters films are not just completely amazing in the first place. I really did like the first two. The third one was completely disappointing and I'll at least say now that Refueled is better than Transporter 3. I just went in wanting a film, popcorn, a little action film towards the end of the summer. And for the most part, I got just that. Even though overall I enjoyed the film, there were points where it did get a bit too ridiculous to the point I can't bear it over a long amount of time. I mean, some of the stunts in this movie are pretty good, like I said, but to have good stunts and to have good stakes, it has to make logical sense. And I have to give the film two thumbs down as far as that is concerned with the writing. Because there were just too many instances where if someone in the movie would have used their brain, you could have escaped a death-defying situation. I don't know about you, but me personally, I would rather go through the fence than going over a barbed wire fence. I mean, that's just me. And the previous films, all we knew is that he was very peculiar. He followed his rules. He was very neat and he dropped the car, but there was not too much history about his backstory. Briggan and his father, played by Ray Stevenson, did shed a little bit of light on that. Now I'm not saying that it's the best store in the world, but it is something different that I didn't get in the past. And for that I liked it. As far as Ray Stevenson's portrayal as Frank Martin's father, he did a decent job. He's a self-kind of guy and has all the confidence in the world. Sometimes his confidence is misplaced and it doesn't fit within the scene that he's in. I mean, if someone is getting kidnapped, I want to feel like they're actually afraid and they're going to die. Not the self-ignalagement that they know they're just going to get out of the situation, hey, okay, and everything's going to be fine. When you do things like that, it brings the film down because it doesn't go down. It's just on a plateau. There's no ups, no downs. It's just always staying on a plateau. And that's not anything that I want to go to the theater and witness. As far as the action and the punches and kicks, they did serve you that. And like I said before, it is a step down, but it also succeeded when in areas that the last transporter three failed. Something that I hated in transporter three is that it seemed like Jason Statham wasn't even fighting anymore. It seemed like he was just stripping off his clothes modeling while trying to beat up bad guys where everything is blatantly choreographed. Yes, all fighting in all movies is choreographed, but it shouldn't be that apparent to the audience. But this time around, the action was okay. It was a little half-assed at times. But then again, what do you expect? They still took it a bit too far with all the stunts. Some of the stunts in this movie are so ridiculously impossible that I don't even think Superman or the Flash could pull it off. I also cannot ignore the fact that Frank Martin wants to get out of a fuel car to have a fistfight in the street instead of just staying in the car pushing the pedal to the middle and running over the enemy. This is just another example of what I was talking about about the bad writing. But with my expectations being low, it didn't bother me that much. For the most part, the film had redeeming qualities. I mean, and it was overall entertaining. I mean, you can't go into this movie expecting it to be competing with Mission Impossible Ghost Protocol or Rogue Nation. If you have that mindset, you're going to be disappointed.  The movie also had a decent ending and climax to something much to where I haven't seen before. Usually films like this are as predictable as the sun rising on the next day. But I like the wrenches that were thrown in the plot just to twist it up a little bit and it put me into a point to where I didn't know what to expect. I'm not saying that this is a jaw-dropping story revealing and something that should be spread among the masses. But I didn't know how the film was going to end. You know, I nearly almost gave this film a B-minus, but they just created a card and I was seeing at the end it just dropped my mood completely low. And that just goes to the suns.  What made the film good in the beginning is it knew what it was and it was being self-acknowledged, but towards the end it just tried to reach too far and got lost in space. It was an okay film that I don't know if I can recommend to others, but if you found any enjoyment in the past transporter films, I'm sure you'll find some enjoyment of this one too. If I were to give this movie a rating out of one out of ten, I would give it a six. It would have been much higher, but it was the horrible stunts at the end that dropped at that low. Well, guys, that's just my opinion of transporter refueled and I would love to hear yours as well. So go ahead and give me that comment below down in the comment section whether you agree or disagree with me. If you liked this video, go ahead and give me that thumbs up. I would appreciate it. It would really help me out or you can give me that thumbs down. That's perfectly fine. Go ahead and subscribe to this YouTube channel. And if you like, you can find me on Facebook or Instagram and Twitter at JustMyAppian84. Again, guys, thank you for tuning in to JustMyAppian where you just heard mine and I would love to hear yours as well. Just because I like a film does not mean that you have to like a film and vice versa. So then again, until next time, guys, I really do appreciate it. And before you go, don't forget that my name is Brandon Keith-Avery and that's just my opinion. Peace.


Hustle boss talk. Yeah, we came from the struggle boss talk. Say you looking for the best boss talk.  It's a unique also. It's your boy. You see yo, man, and hey, man Check it man. Hey, man. Look here, man. I'm with the lovely official miss Jamaica for show man. It's going down I'm real excited right now. I got my boy. He's a Leo in the building. What's going on, man? Say, man Listen, man. We here man. We are actually today is a pimpy birthday. Yeah. Yeah, man So we here sell a man. We are celebrating the pimp man perfect timing save man. So man, you know Man right after Christmas, man, you know that this is it's funny how how man time passes I just know me and you was talking the other day. You were like man, you know, we I didn't realize that I dropped that Steve B low on The day that PMC actually had passed right, so I didn't realize that so that was just something that just happened that way and You was like man, I'm watching it now, man It's so again, and I felt the way and I I was like man I'm glad we did you know did he's a Leo justice that means something to me Yeah, yeah, I was in the gym checking it out and you hit me you hit me right on time I was in the gym checking it out.  I didn't even I it was oh, what man We're talking about what 15-16 years. It's been a while now. Yeah, I don't know baby.  Go you are My personality, you know, I mean And I'm trying to put on yeah, yeah But that that people it's better to smile than the frown, right and that's what it's about because I remember my dark times and Man, I was about to put myself in some terrible position. So it's best. I'd be like you know, I mean and in someone looking at you and They get intimidated just because of your size.  You know during this time in your life because time has passed on them. I was telling bun On his death date That I was approaching that from a place of okay It's been a long time and we gonna stay strong on this hill and remember my player partner But when I start to think about it, man emotions just Was uncontrollable.  I mean uh being that you was with him and mama west and all of a man and really spending time with him Um, you know, you know a lot of people can try to relate but they it wasn't on the level that it would have affected you You know, yeah, most definitely like uh, I always think about his kids. Uh I just was recently able to reconnect with his daughter and it Man, we got to turn up because man, this is kind of emotional I was able to reconnect with his daughter after these years of you know, seeing her in the car seat And then seeing her when her grandmother passed and I took it upon myself thinking there's no way she could remember me And when I told I say, you know, I was real close to your dad boom boom boom But I know you probably don't remember me She said nah I remember your face Wow And that she had broke me down because I remember how He used to treat her so royal like his little princes and she said those words on her ig post So i'm like man down boy. That's touching man. I'm gonna that's his only girl. Yeah, see yeah Two boys and a girl you got one boy the older one.   It's steve below Yes, sir Hey, man, i'm here with he's leo man and uh official miss jamaica man and we actually uh just getting We celebrating pmc's uh birthday So just getting some uh some just some words, you know, just to uh show a celebration Uh because it's definitely a time that he would have been uh having a great great time a great day Oh, yeah, man, uh Man that uh, usually k's career would have been in stratosphere, man by now But uh, no, I know pimp was celebrated big man, and he would appreciate it Everybody's shown him love on this birthday. Um, I think uh, he's leo.  Hey boy.  What was that? Mercury marauder. Yeah, I remember Yeah, man, I still got it Oh that boy keep everything I still got it Hey man, I know already like I say this day is special man We celebrating the pimp man and just having a good time man smiles and laughter man and we already know man that uh, you know, uh The way that his legacy was with the music it still rings and every time you even look at any podcast or anything That's in the south man. They definitely from atlanta all the way over to here It's going down man, you know pimp see, you know legacy is still uh live it Still you head up man That's why you always see me pose long live pencil because I don't I don't I try not to think about the fact that he's not here. You know what I'm saying? I just uh You know, I occupy my space with his memory and you know everything that he He did for me and all the other things I saw him do for other people man And that's why I say long live pencil man Thank you so much man for taking our call man and our appreciation You got to come by and see me on boss talk one or one man for show man, you know, you know, you don't be there today, man You owe me some music. So you told me you're coming now. I'm waiting on Oh, oh it's going down. It's going down for show. I can't wait man. Talk to you later. Keep your hand up. All right Yes, sir. Yeah, I'll be safe. Yes, sir already man I got one more I gotta do uh today is pimp see birthday man And I just wanted to uh, you know, take a minute man My boy man, he's here man.  You hear me? Yeah. Um, tell me something good man um The best thing that ever hit texas, um, it went for them boys man wouldn't be you know us man Y'all stop playing man. Man shout out to the king man pimp see man r.r.p Little c man the c man, but um, yeah pimp see and bum in a lot and They open up they open texas up, you know, um, we had a lot of you know, I can go way back We can go back to know even in Dallas Dallas had good orders back then when pimp see them came in riding the boys um, you know, um Cotton mouth, uh, no gator man. Uh, a little big gator man. Stop playing man. I'm I'm throwback man. Come on man Say what was that? When you first heard that riding dirty man, what was how did it do you man? It did me dirty You hear me? It did what it was supposed to you know what I'm saying? Um, they put some soul in us man. They let us know how we supposed to talk down here man You know what I'm saying?  Yeah, I gotta call mr. Lee. Okay. Okay.  Lee, man It's killing me man. Hey man, we are celebrating man Pmc birthday man, and we just me and his leo and mr. Mace the official mr. Make. I don't want to mess that up man You got it How you doing man? No, I'm talking about Don't on easy chill is man Chillin. Hey man.  I mean he He was one that that trail blazed a lot of things that people are using and doing right now you know, I mean pmc allowed himself to Show people how you could be entertaining in the rap business and this might Be a rapper, you know, I mean so he his whole name is a brand his whole lifestyle And rap style is a brand, you know saying so I felt like he he embedded a lot of things And directly into a bunch of people for real where I think already did it You know, I mean he was a trendsetter at the highest point You know, I mean now always he was a trendsetter in my music when you hear artists in my music That come from me listening to uk That come from me sitting down talking to pmc pmc used to Call me all the time and we would just talk production, you know I was like a student of them when it came to that type of stuff, you know me, so I'm I'm one of the people that Bear his legacy and keep it alive, you know me because I I love him like that Just the right thing that he He indirectly installed in me and better than me as a producer, you know, and I'm always gonna carry it Man, I remember when you was on the show you talked about, you know, just You know, he just hit the way he done the music and the way he you know His whole process was with you man and and just those those stories man. I appreciate you man Yeah, without a doubt. Yeah, man, and and definitely I see you. I know you're coming on the show. I can't wait I'm excited about it. So we definitely gonna be happy to have you back Yes, sir Say man, thank you so much man, and uh, man, we're gonna continue to keep Pimp see legacy alive all the time Man, long little Long little man Say it's going down stay up, man Yeah, sir. All right. Thank you The thing you gotta realize man is is is the legacy is something that that we'll never be able to get away from Today, man, today is pimp sees birthday, man, and uh, I got my boy supreme He gonna give us a few words man. So man. Hey, man How did you how did you so so man pimp see man? What what did pimp see mean to you man? That's my uncle Okay, I learned how to talk At one point I learned how to talk to women from the pimp. You feel me? And I had to decipher how I was going to speak to him, but I based that off of pimp see, you know what I'm saying, uh, the flair The the the charisma the pizzazz all of that that that Texas sticky chest out, you know what I'm saying Speak the truth that come from the pimp. Hey, man Rest in peace pimp see rest in peace pimp see man. Thank you, man I know hey man. Today is a special day man pimp see birthday. It's going down, man Happy birthday anniversary. Happy birthday pimp see man It was free pimp see but now see the pimp free the pimp How they flip that around shout out bumby, man. Hey, man No, you made history, man. Them boys made history together.  Right in the nerves at all, right? Give me some kagoga The goal is to have all these younger kids know who he is not just people in our, you know, genre of age But have his legacy keep passing down from generation to generation to keep, you know living Yeah, yeah, when it's when his son touched down. She we're gonna we're gonna be able to do that Yeah, that's something I was talking I was talking to uh, Steve about this morning about what mean you had talked about about trying to Put something together and and do something in remembrance. He said Dallas was one of the Markets one of the markets that supported UGK the most huge and that's what they said Surprisingly, uh, Odessa. Odessa as well. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Wow, man But man happy birthday pimp man. Like I said, man, uh, we definitely uh, hey man How old would he have been today? 40 no no 30 line 30 line You heard me. No, we the same age. So he would have been 30 line like me. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah young wild funky howl Wow, man chicken man. Hey man, uh Been another great segment man a boss talk 101. I'm talking about


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Thank you for joining us. I'm Peter Bergen, Vice President of New America and I'm also on the advisory council of the Foley Foundation, the president of which is Diane Foley, who is here with us today to talk about her new book, American Mother, which she co-wrote with Colin McCann, who's also joining us today, who's a well-known novelist. He will be joining us in a minute. We're going to get started with Diane. And Diane, maybe you could start and tell us why you decided to write this book and why now. Thank you, Peter. It's such an honor to be here today. I've been wanting to write this book ever since Jim was killed, to be honest. Particularly as we started the Foley Foundation and we're trying to raise awareness about the problem of the taking of innocent Americans around the world. So we really, I really wanted just so Americans could understand the threat that is involved. And but I really needed a talented storyteller like Colin McCann to make it happen. And Benjamin Gray, could you, I think you're visible to your cameras visible if you could just jump off because I know Colin will be joining us at some point. And Diane, so for those, by the way, for anybody who wants to buy the book, you can purchase the book by looking at the bottom of the screen and pushing on the purchase button. And for anybody who wants to ask Diane or Colin McCann a question, Slido Box will have the ability to take your questions and then I'll moderate those questions. So, Dan, where do you begin the book and what's the progress of the book as you write it? We particularly realize when Alexander Cody, the British jihadists offered to speak with victims, we thought Colin McCann particularly thought that was a good way to introduce the story. Because Jim was murdered a good nearly 10 years ago, it'll be this August and we realized that for some people, they may have forgotten what happened and how it happened. And we wanted people to help understand that. So, in October of 2021, I had the opportunity to speak with Alexander Cody for two days. And then again during the trial in 2022. So that seemed to be a good way to start the story. And here is my friend Colin McCann. Colin, welcome. I apologize so deeply for all this. So it feels like we're living in a construction site and I think it'll go in just a moment, but I apologize for the noise if it's coming through. No noise coming through.  How did it come about that? I mean, if you and Diane could sort of set the stage a bit for people who haven't read the book yet, how did it come about that you and Diane started writing this book? What are the big themes and stories in the book and what do you hope readers will take away from the book? I think it's one of the most extraordinary human stories that I have come upon in the course of my career. I've done a lot of things in my career, but this particular moment was truly extraordinary for me. To watch Diane as she went in and she sat not four feet from her son's killer when they talked, the things that they talked about to be witness to that. But then also to be witness to Diane's life and the changes that she has brought about in terms of hostages and hostage policy around the world and especially in the United States has been, for me, been an incredible education as a novelist, as a writer, as a citizen of this country. It's been one of the great privileges of my time to spend dwelling in this particular story. And Diane mentioned his last name is Cody. Who is he and what role did he play? So Alexander Cody was one of the British jihadists that became known as the Beatles and he was arrested eventually in Syria and brought back to the United States stripped of his British citizenship. And he became he pleaded guilty to counts of terrorism and conspiracy to murder. And so he was one of the notorious killers who became part of that iconic photograph that people around the world got to see in 2014. I remember myself seeing that photograph and thinking the world was changed in that particular moment. And then to witness the ongoing of history to be part of the story to see Diane engage with him and was, to me, a real lesson in humility and grace and candor and charm. But also the power of a woman who refused to give up. And there was a great deal of perseverance, stamina and courage that it took for Diane to do all the things that she has done to change the whole landscape of this current political situation. To be witness to that was a great thing for me as a writer. How did you come to, how did you come to write this book together? Well, it was interesting because we were total strangers and yet apparently after Jim was murdered someone had sent sent column a story of our son Jim reading one of columns novels let the great world spin. And they'd send it to column shortly after Jim's horrific videos and photos of his murder. And I think it peaked columns curiosity and he tells me he reached out to me but in the horror of that time I never received his message. So it was really three years ago through a friend at Marquette University we met on a zoom call of a book club studying columns novel, a paragon, and it was there that I had the pleasure of meeting column.  And I knew that her story was incredibly important to the world. And I just went up to be with her and her husband, John, and spent a couple of days up there and began increasingly to know that this story was one that had to be told. And I, you know, originally I was just going to try to be a kind of story whisperer, so that she would do it herself and then increasingly I began to see that both of us together as a team could bring this book, you know, into life and so it's framed in the third person with the meetings with Alexander Cody when we go down to Virginia together, it's book ended by these meetings. But then in the middle, Diane tells her story, and she tells it with such honesty and grace. I think it's really extraordinary. It's a lot about faith. It's a lot about, you know, that desire to change things and not to wallow in the difficulties that have come about, but to force a change when something had to happen. And what's interesting to me is that, well, she is extraordinary, but she's also very ordinary. I mean Diane is a nurse practitioner. You know, she came from New Hampshire. She was living in the suburbs, but she decided to take all the things that she knew and knock on every door and, you know, hit every email button and ask people to change because the policy needed to be changed. What was happening was that nobody was getting out and since Diane, since Jim's death, over a hundred innocent Americans, right, Diane? Right. Which is amazing. You know, Jim challenged me. As an American, I felt very challenged. I knew our country could do better, Peter. And I didn't know how, though, but I knew that together with other good people, we had to do better. So that's how the Foley Foundation started, really. Yeah. And Diane described then, you know, the situation when Jim was taken and also Stephen Sotloff and Kyla Mueller and Peter Kasig and others, other Americans who were also taken by ISIS. What was the situation like in terms of the way the US government dealt with Americans being kidnapped by ISIS? And how has it changed since then?  But there have been changes. I mean, 2014 is a decade ago. The situation today, the way the US government handled these things is very different. So perhaps you could explain how the situation was handled a decade ago and how is it handled today, whether it's somebody taken by a terrorist group or somebody taken by a foreign government like Brittany Griner on sort of dubious or slightly trumped up charges. Absolutely. In 2012, our country had absolutely no one who was accountable for any innocent US national who was taken hostage or wrongfully detained abroad. We had absolutely no one who was accountable. It was handled on a very ad hoc basis, depending on how the administration felt about it. The general theme was that particularly if an America was taken by a terrorist, that our country felt strongly that we would not negotiate with terrorists. And that's what President Obama went along with at that moment in time. And that idea of not negotiating with terrorism with terrorists rather was not evidence based. And if anything, the, the research showed that if countries refuse to negotiate, those citizens would in fact be killed. And that's exactly what happened to the British and the Americans, whereas all the European hostages were negotiated out by their countries. And I really feel it took the horrific murder of all those Americans, both Jim, Peter, Kayla, and Stephen as well as Luke Summers, Warren Weinstein, Robert Levinson, all of those Americans were killed while in captivity in that time frame. And this is their legacy that I really feel all of us felt that our country had to do better. We had to find a way to free innocent Americans who were targeted simply for being Americans while at the same time figure out how to deter the horror of international hostage taking. And I mean, the US policy on no negotiations, which essentially means no ransom payments. I mean, it hasn't changed, but what has changed? What is new? Well, what has changed is in 2015 President Obama ordered all of review of particularly the government and non government hostage policy, if you will. And in June of 2015 issued a directive that set up our US hostage enterprise. So now we have an interagency fusion cell to deal with criminal or terrorist kidnappings of State Department office, presidential envoy for hostage affairs, and at the White House we have a hostage response group that deals with whatever strategies the fusion cell and special envoy can come up with to try to use shrewd diplomacy to negotiate the freedom of these American citizens. And if I may, I mean, it also feels Peter that there's a change in the air, you know, and a general change in the national mood and a shift. And that has a lot to do with people deciding that it is it's time to look at things differently. Now, these two, two men who got you were part of the Beatles, they weren't shipped off to Guantanamo. They weren't taken to Abu Ghraib. They were taken to Virginia, where they were put on trial. And the trial, one of Cody pleaded and the other decided to go to trial, but that trial itself cost anywhere from 50 to 70 million dollars. What we did see was the best of American justice occurring. You know, and while things had been probably the worst of some of the engagements for early on for Diane, here we were seeing, you know, the very best of American justice. And it was an extraordinary thing, but it's a grand irony when we think about it to think about 50 to 70 million dollars spent on a trial when that money could have been applied in other ways earlier, and we know what the consequences could have been. Also, just even the idea of negotiating is so important to these times when we have become particularly diseased with certainty. People are not talking to each other, not just in America, but across the world. We're sort of refusing.  But what Diane was doing and has been doing, and especially a parent when she went to see Cody was she was saying, No, hold on a moment. We need to understand one another. What are the things that we must do is we must take that leap away from the narrow channels of certainty and start to try to understand one another, because if we don't, we are going to be doomed to repeat this over and over. And over and over again. And that's why I'm in awe of what she has managed to do and continues to do. And because the landscape is continuing to change in very, very dark times. Yeah, and Diane just to be clear, and so Cody, who was this member of ISIS who was involved in the murder of your son. You know, there's a phrase in French. To compensate to pop that pops to compensate to pardon a meaning if you understand everything, you can forgive everything, but I don't think that you forgave. Cody, Cody, that was not the intention of your meeting with him. What was the intention? Well, the intention was to have some better understanding. Jim would have wanted to meet him. There's no question in my mind that Jim would have not wanted me to be afraid and would have wanted me to hear him out and hear his perspective. Why did Cody and the others have such hatred for us that they really looked at all the American hostages as the epitome of evil, literally. And, but by the same token, I wanted him to know who Jim was, and that to point out to him that Jim and the others were noncompatents, you know, so I really feel the felt the exchange was very important. And I was very grateful. He expressed a lot of remorse. And it was very sad. It was just very sad. That's what hatred begets. Everybody loses. Everybody suffers. And it was just very sad, Peter. Did you come away with any additional understanding of this guy? Sure. I mean, you know, Alexander's this age of one of our sons. And it was just, I had really prayed for the grace to see him as a person. And I was able to, thanks to God's help and the fact that he was the same age as one of our sons. And he had made a horrific mistake and had zeroed in on this hatred for our crimes as America. America has made mistakes. And as those mistakes, particularly in the wake of 9-11, I feel, that engendered a lot of this hatred that continues in the world. So he wanted to share. So he shared a lot of why he felt and acted as he did. And I don't know how we felt. We have some audience questions coming in. And if you do have a question in the audience, use the slider box. Let me let me start with the first one from Anonymous. Did writing the book help the rest of the family understand your personal journey? Our family has been, everyone's been grieving in their own way. And I think our other sons and our daughter and even my husband, it's taken them a while to understand why I felt the need to do the work through the Foley Foundation. But that's been healing to me. It truly has. Whereas for the rest of the family, they're more private. But yes, at this point in time, they were willing for the book to happen. Early on, they didn't want anything to do with the book. So I had to listen to the family give them these years to come to terms with some of the horror of Jim's murder. Yes, the family is very much at peace with Jim's story and proud of his legacy. Another question from Anonymous, which is what lessons from your experience. Can the families of those taking hostage on October 7th by Hamas learn if there are lessons that are applicable. And also you obviously deal with a lot of hostage families yourself. Right. Well, I feel as Americans who are blessed with a free society that we need to advocate for our loved ones.  And I think that's what is amazing about our government that we need to use our free speech get need to talk to journalists and make our experience public in a sense so that people can come to understand. And that's part of the reason I'm so grateful to call him because he's helped this book to come out at a time when the threat is very much there. Continuing with Hamas taking the Israeli hostages with Russia continuing to target our citizens, China and Iran holding on to our people. This is not going away, Peter. And our nation needs to employ this postage enterprise that we've developed and make it better and look at how we can collectively hold captors accountable and deter the practice internationally. Well, deterrence is a very interesting because obviously to two ISIS members who were involved in the murder of your son were held to account but actually that's pretty rare in my sort of very rare, very rare and that's why I was disappointed that our media here in the United States did not let the public realize how important that trial was. Yes, it was expensive, but the accountability was hugely important. And during the trial, media from the UK and Europe was, you know, spent two weeks with us in Virginia. But to be honest, the US trial was missing. And that's what US media rather. And that's why I'm so grateful for you, Peter, because I think it's important as a nation that we recognize that we're learning as a country that this is an important issue for our country in terms of national security. Yeah, just down the road, there was the Johnny Depp trial. I'm not saying that Johnny Depp trial wasn't important. Of course it was important. And there were important things. But the, you know, the whole idea was that there was something, there was some celebrity going on there. But something deep was happening and the historical was happening in terms of our relationship to justice and bringing these two men to justice and doing so with a great amount of dignity. And watching the prosecutorial team work was quite extraordinary. And it was a big story on the American landscape that, quite frankly, a lot of the newspapers just didn't, they didn't see it. They went there on the first day and the last day. But other countries came in, the journalists from other countries came in and told the story day after day after day. And I think that's important for us to recognize. And we wanted to get that across in the book and the depth of the engagement here. Yeah, Colin, you're a novelist, obviously, that's your main and a book I have always found very interesting was written by a novelist about kidnapping and it's a nonfiction book which is news of a kidnapping by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. And I don't know if you ever have read it, Colin, but you know, because Marquez started life as a journalist and this is really his only big nonfiction book. Well, this is my first nonfiction book to and, you know, you look at somebody like like Marquez and how he is influenced the landscape of how we think it brings up very a lot of very interesting things for me personally about the tension between fiction and nonfiction. What's true and what's not true. You know, we're living in these times where fake news is, you know, it is the phrase on everybody's lips and so what's true and what's not true.  But texture is a different thing. And what I found in this in this story, what that was watching Diane, we were talking about the ineffable things we're talking about, you know, love and pride and sacrifice and violence and compassion and all of these things that have no specific facts that can be wrapped around them. And it's almost as if the ineffable became the facts of human experience. And so for me as a novelist watching this I wanted to capture both the truth of what was going on. And also, but I wanted to be people to be there in the pulse of the moment. Now, let's be honest, there were a couple of times Diane had to rain me in. Because I'm a novelist. I make stuff up sometimes. And so we had to, you know, but we worked as a team. And I actually, I'm so grateful for the fact that we did have that discipline with one another. And so I would write something and then would read it and then we'd come back and say, okay, well, you know, this is the ABCDF, but you've forgotten the GH, you know, and it was a fascinating experience. So as a writer, entering into the realm of nonfiction, specifically nonfiction was important to me. Now, the other thing is, it's a book about journalists. And Jim was a great turn. What I liked about Jim was the sort of journalist that I actually started out as a journalist too, but it's sort of journalists I would like to be. You know, he would go to the marketplaces in Damascus, and he would find the old man in the corner playing chess who had had a great story to tell, or he would find the young girl, you know, with a backpack full of books. And he would explore their stories that he wanted the human. And he went to the supposedly anonymous corners of human experience and found the real story there, as well as telling, you know, the general story, because he wasn't bedded, as you know, with the 101st Airborne. And he knew the lives of soldiers, but everybody who talked about Jim said he was really curious, really curious and always got to the heart of the story. So I think that was really important. And then, of course, the Foley Foundation is working now with them, with journalists in extraordinary ways to try and ensure their safety around the world. We have a number of stories coming, a number of questions coming in. One is from Bill Holstein, he said, how did parody become so radicalized? You know, that is a good question. I think Alexander is not unusual. I think when young men are brought up without a parent, his dad died when he was young. And, you know, I don't know if there was so much poverty, but certainly not plenty.  And to clarify, he grew up in London, right? Yes, he did. He grew up in London. His mom was from Cyprus, I believe. And, you know, so I think it was hard to fit in. And I think when youngsters struggle to fit in or bullied, I think that is when they need guidance in terms of, you know, and are particularly vulnerable to hatred and to ideology that can turn them and make them radicalized, if you will. So I think Cody was like a lot of youngsters who grew up in poverty and want, if you will. And what's ironic is that Jim had really worked with a lot of youth like Alexander. He had worked with felons in Cook County Jail in Chicago, inner city of Phoenix and Holyoke Mass. So it was kind of ironic that this is the kind of youth that the jihadists recruited, if you will. And he suggested to us, Peter, at one stage that, you know, he'd been subject to some abuse.  And so he went down to the mosque and he found people who were like using this inflamed rhetoric that spoke to him and made him feel at home. And, you know, one of the first trips he made was he made a trip towards Gaza. He never actually got there. But his, you know, his whole ethos was framed around what was happening in the local mosque. And like a lot of young men, he found some sort of meaning there and that meaning was perverted into violence and violent engagement. And I think, you know, he's sitting in prison now. He's there 23 and a half hours of every day in, you know, maximum security, thinking about these things.  He wasn't that. He was much more thinking. And, you know, he had a depth that wasn't necessarily talked about by others. That's not to say he was at some sort of shining light. You know, there were times when he was trying to pull the wool over our eyes. When we were sitting there talking with him, he was trying desperately to pull the wool over our eyes. But I mean, as I said before, I think that Diane of all the people I know in the world has this incredible emotional intelligence. She was able to talk to him and get him to talk to us. At the same time, she knew exactly what was going on underneath all of that rhetoric. And that was fascinating too. And, you know, I do think it's important to note that we call the book American Mother. There was a real female energy there that Diane brought that I think is incredibly important. We find that the readers, a lot of readers are women who find Diane's story particularly important. And as you know, March 9th is this new American hostage day, wrongful, detainee day, which with a new hostage flag and that'll be this Saturday. So what is that? What does that all mean to you and to other people that have had to deal with the problems, the situation you've been in? Isn't it amazing, Serendipitous, that this book is coming out the week that finally our country recognized the sacrifice of so many Americans who have died and been targeted simply because they have a U.S. passport. So you're right, this Saturday, March 9th has been named as the day to remember current hostages and wrongful detainees. We at the Foley Foundation count a minimum of 57 public cases. We have many in the gray zone. But March 9th was chosen because it is the day Robert A. Levinson was kidnapped off of Iran and his family has worked tirelessly along with our family and so many others to help our government really understand the threat that this is. And to prioritize the return of innocent U.S. nationals around the world, but many still are detained. Many are still held. And that's why it's such an urgent issue that I appreciate people hearing about.  I mean, by definition, you're going to dangerous places, not all the time. But I mean, you're going to be in Afghanistan, you're going to be in Iraq, you're going to be in Syria, you're going to be in places which are dangerous. And that's just the nature of the business that, however, now when it comes to wrongfully detained Americans who are traveling, let's say to Iran or Russia or China. I think there's now a better effort by the government and perhaps a better understanding by the public that maybe you shouldn't go to St. Petersburg on vacation now if you're an American because you might well get picked up. I mean, that's really changed in Russia in the last, I don't know, I would say decade or so that it's a very different kind of situation and particularly if you're a dual national. Definitely. All of these countries. They don't see you as an American, even if you've got an American passport if you are. You still have an Iranian passport or you still have a Russian passport or something they see you they feel that they can take you. Absolutely. And you're so right. And so in spite of the wonderful people working in the current US hostage enterprise, the negotiation to actually free Americans from nation states like Russia or Iran, China, Syria is very difficult. I mean, this is not easy to do. I have to commend the many people have made many, a lot of many US nationals to come home, but it is tough. So as Americans, we need to become more savvy, more aware and more intentional about where we choose to travel internationally. But you're right, just like as firemen and policemen go into dangerous, their jobs are inherently dangerous. And the same is true of war correspondents, aid workers, they go where there is need, where there's news that would otherwise not reach us. So they provide a vital role in in our democracy in our world, and we need to have their backs. Another question, Dan, you mentioned earlier, you know, obviously the European hostages that were held by Hamas. I mean, they all got out, there were quite a lot of them. The Spanish, the French, etc. All the countries were reported to, you know, to a paid, paid ransoms, they may not have a publicly admit it, but they, they did. So are you advocating? This is a question from the audience. Are you advocating that, you know, the United States should pay ransom or that come or American families be allowed to pay ransom if the government doesn't pay ransom or what are you advocating in that kind of situation? I am advocating that we negotiate that we have to interact with the captors to not interact is to abandon our citizens. And I do think there's a way to use ransom as lore. We are the FBI has used that domestically very successfully for years. It's not easy. It's complicated to use it internationally, but I think it can be a way to actually identify and apprehend captors. So I think we need flexibility. And I think we need to have the backs of the family who want to find some way to free their loved ones. And so our current strictness of our policy to me gets in the way of negotiation. I know several cases that have been prolonged because we didn't have the flexibility to work with families and use ransom as lore as a possible means of negotiation. And what was the number of known cases you mentioned, Diane? Right now it's 56 public cases, but I receive requests for help every day, every week. We're hovering more and more in a gray zone. And I think that's important for people in the audience to understand is that there are plenty of cases that are not public for one reason or another. The family decides they don't want to go public or they being told by the government it would endanger their loved ones. If they go public and sometimes that's reasonable advice and sometimes that's probably not very reasonable advice depending on the situation.  There's hundreds every year, Peter. They truly are. They're truly are. But that's in contrast to thousands of Americans who may have committed some true crime that gets a just, just sentence, if you will. But we're talking about US nationals who received, you know, who've been arrested, or taking kidnapped, simply because they're Americans. I mean, the process to be declared wrongfully detained at the State Department is a process.  I mean, and but, you know, the being declared wrongfully detained as Brittany Griner was the basketball player for who was arrested with a tiny amount of medically prescribed marijuana cannabis. That tool, I mean, a, it's not, it's not automatic that that it's a process, but then that does allow the State Department to say, open negotiations for Brittany Griner's case, they wanted a Russian arms deal and then Victor boot back and that was the exchange. I mean, no one, there's always going to be an exchange. I mean, they're going back to this question of negotiation. I mean, if somebody takes somebody else, then I can just wake up one day saying, I'm having a good day. I'm just going to let this person go. Something has got to be exchanged. Some kind of value, whether it's money or in some cases, or a prisoner exchange or something. Well, yes and no, Peter. It's remarkable. We've seen some people let go just because of kind of a better understanding of the captor, you know, so it is there. You know, obviously, exchanges happen. Sometimes that's the only way, but I advocate dialogue, getting to know the captor. Why did they take this person? What can we do to shrewdly figure out a way to help them just see the benefit of letting them go? That isn't always the case, but there are many times when that's happened that way. So it gets down to negotiation and the process for wrongful detention still is very difficult, Peter. It's not easy because captors often want to plant evidence or the alleged crimes they want to. So it's not easy to ascertain the truth, to be honest. It's very difficult. U.S. consular and the special envoy office work on this daily, but it's very hard for families because the process is often opaque. So the Foley Foundation, you know, is working hard with our government to try to make it as fair as possible. Sometimes it seems like if you're more of a celebrity or better known, the process is much quicker than it is if you're an unknown situations like that. So the Foley Foundation works on trying to make it as equitable and as transparent as possible, but we still have a ways to go, Peter. It's not an easy process by any means. But you have, you and the Foley Foundation and other families have changed the policy in a way that before there was really no one to call or if you did call somebody, they didn't really, they would just pass you on to somebody else. I mean, there wasn't somebody who was really responsible for this in the FBI or the State Department. And now there is that. And I think another important detail here is that families get access to classified information that they otherwise would not have received so they can get better sense of what the government knows about that up one in the past, they would have received very little information. I think when Jim was taken, you didn't get much information at all, right? Nothing. Nothing. But we still have a ways to go, Peter. If you talk to some of the families, I mean, it's hard. Change happens slowly. But I'm so grateful for the folks working on the hostage and surprise. I'm grateful for the leadership. President Biden and President Trump, they both prioritize the return of US nationals. And I just pray that it can stay a nonpartisan issue that we have the backs of other US nationals in this situation. I have some more questions coming in. So from Noel Koch, is there any current information on the status of Austin Tyson? Is it an American journalist or a veteran who disappeared in Syria? Well, I'm not really at liberty to say, but I know the family feels he's very much alive. And where we're talking about a relentless captor who, you know, in President Assad, who doesn't even acknowledge that he is holding US nationals when in fact we know he is. We know as a country he is. But he's an example of someone incredibly difficult to figure out how to negotiate with. So I know the family is doing everything they possibly can and we pray that Austin can survive this horrific ordeal. But it's, these are the cases. I mean, Austin's we have Mark, Sweden and China, more than 12 long years held in China. We have many people held for long. We have a person held in the UAE more than 15 years now. Zach Shahid. So it's these are cases that are hugely problematic that our countries is working on and we as a foundation continually advocate for attention for these complicated cases. From anonymous. What's been the response to the book from the people who read it is what's been the most surprising response. Well, it's actually gone very well. So we published it first in France. And it went straight into the best seller list, which was very gratifying. The same happened in Ireland. I have found that it's particularly touched women readers. My sister, she's a good reader, strong reader, but she's read this now four times over. She got a chance to meet Diane in Dublin. She's amazed by the power of the human part of the story, you know, how somebody can continue to have the strength to do this sort of thing. I think also people who are touched by the faith that that is on display. I think it's a very important thing to talk about. I think, you know, I saw Diane's faith in extraordinary ways. Just even in that very first day when we when we met with with with Cody. And there was a sense that and and Diane will speak to this better than I could, but there was a sense that that, you know, the Holy Spirit was coming along and saying, you know, you know, you can be guided in certain ways. For me personally, I often felt I got close to Jim. I got very close to Jim. I never met him, but I had that photograph where, you know, he was reading Let the Great World Spin. And I've become closer and closer to him as time goes along. And sometimes I feel like he's, you know, he's sitting right here on my shoulder having a word with me saying make make sure you look after Dan now.  So that was been one of the things about how the book has been been received is we're over here we're using a small nonprofit publisher, a trustee. I think that's important and part of the proceeds will go towards the Foley Foundation. And so the more people who can, you know, spread the word about this book, the better off we're all going to be. I've been surprised. Oh, go ahead. No, go ahead. Are you Catholic, Colin? Yeah, I was raised Catholic. Let's put it like that. You know, my father would make the, he would say that I wasn't just a lapsed Catholic, but when I was a teenager, I became a collapsed Catholic. But yeah, no, I actually, I have to say that my faith has has deepened over the course of the time working on this particular story, also watching Diane and the way that she operates. I have a deeply human instinct towards story storytelling and looking at others. But I think there is a strong faith element to this book that that still surprises me to be honest with you. I'm surprised by the interest in Europe. I just, I was overwhelmed by the interest and it just speaks to our need to work together as Western nations to me. They, you know, the folks in France and the UK and Ireland all very and Amsterdam actually very interested in our story and looking to our country to lead the way in some ways and learn from them and others as to how to navigate the complexity of this issue. So I'm really gratified by people's openness of mind and the need to really understand the threat that's out there and the need to build bridges between countries. I mean, if we allow this hatred to continue, we've got to find ways to understand each other or at least be willing to listen to one another. We really do, Peter. And also then the power of the ordinary individual outside the parameters of actual, you know, political power. I think people are touched by that notion that one person can galvanize other people to affect a sort of extraordinary national change. And I think people are buoyed by that, that there's still the power of the individual to influence debate and talk on a national stage.  He did. He aspired to that. And I really think that's the challenge he gives us. You know, he challenges all of us to care about our freedom and be people who dare to try to do good in the world, try to make a difference. Do you think this is a question from Bob Lam sir. Dan, do you feel that the arrest and prosecution of the two ISIS members. Is that a deterrent or what is that. Oh, I definitely think it's a deterrent. I definitely think we must find ways to hold captors accountable. It's, it's, we've got to make it her to take people and use them as political pawns and that's the, that's the challenge we face. We've got to do all we possibly can. It's, it's horrific. They are human rights crimes. You know, it's awful what Jeffrey endured all those years. You know, it's horrific. And you sort of touched on this and a question from anonymous. To what extent is there hope for a greater international collaboration on hostage issues. Obviously, Hamas has kidnapped. Many of them are, I mean, most of them are Israelis, but six of them are Americans for Americans have been released and I imagine there are probably other dual nationals. We know what the definitely were there were Thai citizens who were released relatively early on but do countries to kind of just sort of do it on their own or do countries cooperate or how do you, how do you Well, that's the sadness. I mean Jim was taken with all our allies, if you will, and every single country sought to do it alone and it's all the failures obvious, you know, so I really got to commend the UN and Canada for their declaration against arbitrary detention and we must work on this together because it, we really are stronger together. We've got to find ways to counter this trend because here we thought it when our bringing Americans home report came out in September of 2023 that we were able to report that incidences of terrorists taking hostages had declined. Well, Hamas proved that wrong the month next month. So I mean I'm afraid this is a continuing threat that we've got to recognize and be shrewd about how we got, we're going to deal with it. In the remaining three minutes we have column, any final thoughts, any final thoughts. Well, I just got to say that I'm grateful that people are engaged in this this is our US publication day. And I'm very happy to have been involved in this. And you know, I was actually writing a novel. And the story came along and and it took a year out of my out of my novel and now I'm going to go back to my novel but it's been one of the one of the great moments of my literary life to be engaged in a story like this and I'm really galvanized now by the sense that that something's going to happen over here. Yeah, we could see it in Ireland and yes we could see it in France and in England, but I'm really hopeful that people spread the word over here. Exactly. And thank you Peter for your time and all of your listeners because please spread the word and share the little book it's a it's a quick read beautifully written by column and I just would encourage you to help us share the message so that we can be safe and meet the challenges we are facing. Thank you so much, Peter. Thank you very much, Diane. Thank you for column. Good luck. An appropriate day for us to be talking your US publication day. And by the book they can do with the purchase button on the screen. Thank you for tuning in. Thank you both for talking with us. Thank you.