Welcome everyone to our marking of 20 years of spirited action for justice. Welcome everyone for this 20 years of spirited action for justice. I would like to start the session and before I start, I would like to remind you that I am here on the right. So we are here where I stand. We recognize the present, the authority of this land where I stand. And we all give everything that I say. And through this territory, I recognize all the people in October. And also all the actions that are here present on this forum. And we are very honored with the strength, the knowledge and the respect for this land. And we are here just to strengthen our relationship and also this time that offers us this space for the discussion. So, welcome to the meeting of Karros, 20 years of spirited action for justice. And we are very happy to see you here with us to please bring the testimony of the work you do in your community and perspective. And we wish you all the best in this opening session. But it will not be the first session. We have started this, we have started this meeting on Sunday. And we have, with the theme, we are unstoppable. We have done, there was action, we have done actions for justice in a very calm spirit. If you could join this action to sign petitions. It was an event that had a planetary event since many countries joined us. So, for us to continue this session, I will call on Aisha. She is our new executive director of Karros, who has joined us since last month. Now it is yours. Do you have the opportunity to meet her? So, Aisha will lead this session, these three sessions. So, I give you the floor to Aisha. Thank you, Chanel. And I would like to welcome you to this 20 years of spirited action for justice. So, we are going to start this celebration. So, we are going to recognize our ancestors of this land. Babreba was here, he facilitated more than 120 exercises, more than 120 different groups of organizations. She served for several years and she was also a great coach. She also served in the public function of Canada and in several organizations around the world. She worked in Canada and with the Minister of the Department of Justice of Canada. She also worked on the question of women. She worked to inspire a lot of people and to authorize a lot of women and especially young people. I wish you all the best. Hello. Babreba, thank you very much. What a way to start the day. I am very proud of my mother and Babreba. I was born in the Department of Justice. Congratulations to you, Carlos. And to this wonderful work of these people who are so wonderful. Ten years ago, I was with you, I am always with you. And you certainly inspired me to become an exceptional human being. And I am always very surprised with the work you do and the people. And what the work of Carlos does on the field, on the field. And now we are at the end of a ceremony. You know that for us we have a tradition that represents hope for the community. And it also represents what has to come. And you know that it is not just the temperature, so it must also be the men and women who gather together for the growth of this spiritual activity and also feed a lot of people during this exercise. And the foundation is therefore very important. But this is how we adapt to living this fresh water. So you know that this foundation is very important for the growth of the community. And it's just like justice, it's just like change. It's just like for the best chance to come. It's a very important foundation. For me, Carlos has the same definition of that. To create a very good solid foundation, not just for herself, but also for the people around the world. And also in Canada, everywhere in the world. And this is to adapt to the evolution of the world. This is to be powerful. This is to help people create the change of the world and also to improve the future. So that this exercise, the treatment, so that it starts. I know that Carlos has worked very hard. But there are also a lot of things that we have to do. And I think there are a lot of days when people called me and said to me, there is no foundation. There is no foundation. It's not as bad as doing what you do. But there are some people who don't know my story. They don't know the story of thousands of people here on this land and also around the world. There are a lot of injustices that are between women and men on a daily basis. And when we make injustices against our land or when we make injustices between other human beings, it's important for us to denounce this violence, these injustices on the part of this agency and to be the voice of the homeless and also on the part of us. Because we have beautiful days ahead of us. We need our small children to be able to have the minimum of what we benefit today. And it's the same way that our great-grandparents have received. So this has to change. And for this, we have to work hard in the hands. And for Cairos, once again, I am very proud to be here and to be part of this community for the last 10 years. And I think I want to stay here for 10 more years. I'm going to start this day with an action of grace, an action of grace. And it's a prayer, an action of grace, to say that we know each other as we have new people on our platform. Yes. And for us, the indigenous people, a little bit more often, we treat the land, we always give credit where we are always recognizing the land which gives us all what we benefit today. So today, I say, Cairos, thank you for coming to our life. And the strength that God has given them, the strength they need to continue the work they do through the world to improve the life of the human beings through the world. And I pray for everyone who is here today to learn with us, to share with us so that there is good change in what we can do. So I'm very grateful for our little kids who shared their testimonies to our traditional ceremony of Tremune. And I'm also grateful to our motherland which provides us with everything we need. And also for the love of the water that our motherland always gives us to everyone, to all plants, to all trees here and everywhere else on this land. I am grateful to our sisters who created a good house so that we can follow this model. And also the generation of our sisters so that we can have a white platform. I am very grateful also for people who are there for the good justice who have had a good respect for our motherland, so the land. And I ask the creators to touch the heart of each of us here, each of us so that we can be able to have the responsibility to have the rest of all the creatures and the creativity that is here on Earth. And I pray that each of us can benefit from this good hearing to understand this session and also for the generation to come. And I say hello to everyone. Thank you Vaubra. It was very remarkable, what a great way to start a session. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. So we are going to support the start of our 20th anniversary. So we are going to take the time to celebrate all that we have learned. And also, there has been attention behind these three days that we will have to give the opportunity to our children to sing, to pay attention and also to have a vision for hope and also to take care of it for tomorrow. I take this moment to introduce the work of the character of Karros and also the people who have come on this platform to listen to us and to participate in this meeting. And I know the work you have done until today just to bring life and the vision of Karros. That's really remarkable. You were planning and you have until this day if this is a reality that you are going to do great work. So thank you to the staff of Karros. So to ourselves here at Karros the time and the accomplishment for the crucial acts that we have. So the goal of these three days is to take this moment to bring this into another level of confidence, of courage and also a good future for the future. And now this is our first session of the 20th anniversary of Karros. And this is also to say how we have started until today. We will present you very soon, not very long, the panelists who will then animate this session. And a little later we will have two workshops the equality of rights, the equality of opportunities and justice. And also during this moment with this Karros restaurant we will have a lot to do. And tomorrow we will focus on I know you all have the program here. So we will have another meeting tomorrow we will have the program women of courage and we will also have a training workshop capacity. And in the afternoon we will also have another workshop that will be led by the Karros team. And the last day we will just establish our plan on how we are going to move on. What are we waiting for? So we will introduce this workshop women of peace and security for a sustainable or sustainable change. We will also have virtual meetings every evening. But unfortunately the recordings are already finished.  And we will focus on because it has never been enough for us to share our experiences. That's why we have a lot to say a lot to give. We will inspire others it's a moment to be encouraged it's a moment to be enlightened it's a moment for us to support each other. So we will work together put together in this sense so that when we gather like that each of us you can come here to see its goals and objectives of life or Karros we will have come out of this meeting we will not come out with Brabredo but we will come out with something of complete and for this 20th year of celebration of Karros I want to thank you on this I want to thank you for coming to celebrate with us. In this moment I stop to present to you Andriana Andriana she is she is she is an artist she is an artist she is an artist she is an artist in the community So Karros is very happy to have Andriana with us she was also with us during our last year's meeting Andriana Hello everyone Ok So I come from a very sacred territory also in Colassie and I come from Colombia I am very happy to be here to be part of this celebration to listen the stories the different stories that will change me also in the coming sessions I will be there to listen to the dialogue and all the rest So I think in this meeting to capture the attention of the energy of the space and also to use the future and very soon I will turn on my camera to be able to see the work I do because if you want to see my work in a wider way on your screen you can go to the parameters you will have an option to zoom in the images and you will have the possibility to see my work in a grand way in images No, look, I thank you for watching my work So, I would like to present to you Emélie who will be our moderator She is Minister of the Church of Canada She is an officer in a movement and in 2019 she also came to be part of Kairos and we are very happy to have her with us Hello Emélie and we are happy to have you Hello Thank you very much I am very happy I will join and I am in a territory of traditional peoples and I would like to welcome you and thank you for being here and I am very happy to be here the end of our session and where do we come from the panelists and the speakers and the people in Top Town and everything we have done in Kairos we are going to offer their reflections of what Kairos is doing I am very happy to be here I can't remember when I was introduced to Kairos and when I was I was involved I think in 2012 every time I heard this name I really wanted to be a partner so I know that the social institutions are there everywhere but there is a company where I had an autopilot so I put it on my computer just to show my commitment to work in Kairos and I am very happy to be here and at this time for the reflection how it started I would like to present our first panel which is Ivan who is the president of an organization and one of the organizations she is also an activist of climate change and she is also an activist of the oil industry and she served in several organizations so I am very happy to be here Ivan thank you very much Emily I am going to speak in Spanish I don't know if I should I don't know if I should give Emily can I continue Emily so first I would like to thank Kairos and all our partners here for giving me the opportunity to be part of this conversation this dialogue is very important it's really important also because we are here for the change of ideas but it's also important because it's the anniversary of an organization which is Kairos for the ecological actions and also for our organizations across the world which plays a very important role in solidarity and work together I would like to say hello and greetings to everyone who is here to everyone who works for Kairos and we have been able to work together for 20 years and it's very interesting as a situation because I am from Ecuador our ecological action in our organization we we we we don't understand the situation ourselves but with Kairos the opposite they have always been very intimate it's a very friendly relationship that we have maintained and everything we have been able to do in the past until today I would like to say congratulations Kairos for this 20 years behind unimaginable work and it's very important that we can remember our sister Glodin she was a sister who worked with us for several years and she miss us a lot this time which was devoted to her work and I think that my voice is making an echo of her voice to say especially our sister and our brothers who joined us through the world and at that moment during these moments I would like to remember the three very important points the moments that I worked with Kairos it's just they show us how we were able to create the change the change in the organization in this to have created a world both for people for animals for the earth we will remember the ecological action in 2003 10 years ago we published a small book and in this book there is a very important book and this book this book was introduced more distractions with this book this book came out in 2003 and it was very important at that moment very important because ecological action ecological action Kairos worked and we are going to work it was very symbolic that Kairos from Canada she came she came to collaborate with us to work in this idea so we can't believe that the industrialized countries in her case, Canada was a country that had that had that had a heart of the South it was a very important moment so I would also remember gentlemen it would not have been possible without the presence of this gentleman to work together his help was very important I also know that you all he does not show you all this this brave gentleman who worked with us there was also another very important moment that I would like to remember when Kairos invited us ecological action from our local Ecuador to come meet us in our QG and I still remember one of the events that took place in Canada they had a slogan the oil in the land that that is under their request if you want if you want to think of a real world a better world not only to leave the oil on its side but also in the north and in this moment that we have at this moment we have brought our campaign and there was a document that we have a review together on the carbon dioxide and there again we have talked it is a project of Kairos it was a very important moment for us and at this moment we can see that the project the project of the country of the south the project of the country of the south were supported by the project of the country of the north and that they aligned with us on this work at this moment and also for the the future we were very worried we were worried about Canada because you are suffering with the government who who who was trying to analyze some rights of the citizens I know that you are suffering with you are fighting with your Canadian government and it is it is something that we can do to support you but so this problem was not present in the south but also you in the north you of the Kairos were going through and there are several meetings several justice actions that we have brought on the ground 10 years ago the most important thing that we were able to do it was so we agreed with the women and the extra and I remember we played from 2019 Gloria she was very delicate she was invited to Kairos to to talk to a meeting about the rights of the man and every time she was she was afraid of touching while she was talking she was trying to share about a woman and she was able to analyze to analyze the exercise that was put in place she was able to work with the people of Kairos and also to think about the possibility and that is this way that they were able to so all these all these exchanges that was shared all these exchanges were what was the end the Kairos brothers came to visit us to see the places that were affected by by the oil production the changes between the national oil industry in the south and in the north which is very powerful it helped us to put in place a very strong action to denounce between these two countries we worked with Kairos hand in hand it is not only an international cooperation but also with Kairos for us it was a sister organization with whom we worked hand in hand side by side and I am very sure that this will continue for the 20 years to come and as we said Kairos will always be there and we will always be here for Kairos to work together for the two organizations and thank you congratulations to Kairos and to our the memory of our sister Gloria and our brother John of the ecological action I think they are here thank you very much thank you Yvonne for sharing this very passionate sister and the experience of Kairos and I would like to present this conference she is a member she is also sister of Saint Joseph she worked in an office of action and justice since 1988 and this organization works hand in hand with the auto optoms of Canada and I would like to so it was the welcome to share our next conference I would like you to activate your microphone thank you Emily and I speak to you from the territory of Makwe and my spirit with this people and my mother and I am very happy to be part of this 20th anniversary and this celebration is just to communicate with people that I have not seen for a long time it is very wonderful to see this face so to start my thoughts my experiences with Kairos it was a journey a journey a journey of 20 years and this work of 20 years is very significant for me to when I was involved with Kairos so I speak to you as a person who also worked with Kairos and I also know that Kairos was involved with the indigenous people it is not only a journey but it is something an experience of faith that we all experienced together so in our human action in a very human way I mean as a member of the faith there was a meeting in 2011 I had the opportunity to be invited and one thing that was released it was a symbol there was there was a little bit of light that was there there was a symbol so we will have to look for this symbol during this pilgrimage and so the exercise was to look for this symbol very important and if you find this symbol you will have a lot of things and in other terms that too it was one of the ways that this collaboration with Kairos I could say it was an impact when we worked together there was in the faith in the hope in the confidence and certainly that's what everyone here could experience so I deduced that by doing this it was the welcome to the foreigners I started to think so I started to project in the past and we started with a coalition a few designs of the coalition and one of the coalition that we did I remember when it was established it was a question that was always in the heart of staff it was it was not to be reminded of 11 coalitions that we had and left so it was it was the cooperation we had with the 11 coalitions there so the priority was we had six priorities to establish with the communication team and I remember through over 20 years we had a lot of respect within our team and we always had these five different types of priorities that together the work that defines the work of Kairos so these priorities have been renamed and re-structured but the Kairos ministry remains the same and in these 20 years in this pilgrimage that we had that we had the last 20 years we were looking for the discipline and one of one of the things between 2001 and 2002 I was invited to our new staff of Kairos and I was invited to go to the Kairos office to do a consultation on a different form of spirituality and so that you can also have knowledge about it and they wanted to learn more so and from there my experience has changed the recognition and until here this experience when this association was established the first my work with Kairos there are several times I felt that there are other organizations other than Toronto were marginalized and I thought it was necessary that we could re-structure the organization because it was too centralized so I after later I realized this collaboration was not marginalized and so in one of our structures in place we made a coalition for the rights of the soul and this circle of reflection has become very important so between 2001 and 2001 I was invited through the actors of the civil situation in the territory with the Kairos group and during that time someone came to our union actors of the civil and this created a crisis of consciousness between us the needs that we had and also this is just one of the stories how Canada was developed this is our history and I also recognize that and during that time between 2005 2006 there was a campaign that we launched to give a discreet gift and in 2010 and 2011 there was another campaign on the city the land and I know it's for a good future I think the signs that Kairos was engaged purely with the indigenous people or the Indigenous people and that was that's how we advanced over several years and for me one of the most significant moments in the coalition and in 2011 I I I was I was asked by the society the representative of the civil society here in Toronto to be representatives of the indigenous people and in it was a moment it was a moment for me to animate this to support this meeting and the staff of Kairos was came for this meeting and they did the campaign with us and they showed us a plan on the 5 years to come with two members of the general direction of Kairos and I think I don't know I don't remember but there was also the invitation of another group after I was asked how the structure of Kairos was and they came to this meeting Kairos presented the plan on the 5 years and they did the campaign for the year but there was not maybe a satisfaction from the other side of the indigenous people so in this effort we had a conversation and during this conversation we waited for the people to come so we didn't just want to be present on the plan of another group on the work plan of another group it was not because the other people didn't want to and what they said we didn't just want the campaign but we wanted a relationship that's what we said but I think it was clear to me that Kairos wanted a relationship in the indigenous people wanted a relationship with Kairos and after having discussed during the discussion I understood that we wondered did Kairos want to talk do you want to work with the indigenous people or do you want to work for us and that was the group was that was what the group was I think it wasn't the moment of Kairos because the staff heard this message and they recognized that there was a need for a change and there was a small community that was established and so that we could develop a new a new relationship with the indigenous people that was done that was done there was a reaction from the members of the general of Kairos and also the representatives Bianca who was there at that time was a staff member who was also there participating in this meeting and we had a meeting for several months to try to clarify with what we wanted on the relationship on the partnership the development and one of the results was that with Kairos our approach and our circle and what I would like to say is the conversation so the relationship that exists between the members of Kairos at the beginning of Kairos there wasn't a general conscience there wasn't there wasn't also systemic racism but I think that this initiative this relationship that we were able to build on over the years we seem to be very aware of that and we have worked together to effectively change things in a more positive way so I would say there was a lot of significant changes since this partnership with this coalition with this new relationship and Kairos himself was very committed very committed in the coalition in relations, in education working with the members of the civil society in several and different localization in Canada so it's very we can't say enough how we were able to complete together with Kairos, both with the indigenous groups the work and the same need for reconciliation I think there is another another problem that was the development what the direction of Kairos did the development of an alliance and the direction of this alliance is very very important reinforced 10 years ago and I think another difference that I saw Kairos was committed as a partner and particularly in the development of the White House and also it was also a moment of Kairos for for the invitation of the people of the Indigenous people and to to change the paradigm of relations between the government of Canada the Canadian himself and the Indigenous people and also allowed us to advance in this reconciliation and certainly the work of reconciliation and still still needs to be there and Kairos and the development of the White House with Kairos and in the heart of Kairos's story the it is a testament for an ardent desire for the change of the future and also the new reality that we are facing today. Thank you to all of you I can, there is still a lot to share but I think that thank you very much Priscilla and thank you very much and we will share this and as we said it is to look at where we come from now I will present our new by conferencing he is a researcher teaching and once active what he considers he is in the movement of social justice and he is also in the churches teaching of social life he is associate professor in the faculty of the theology in the university here and the Toronto College for the theology so we welcome you Hello currently I give I give you the site for the 20th 20th anniversary of the celebration and I would particularly thank the overview of this session and the connection and the solidarity of women between the Canadian group and the connection the relationship with Cairo and other groups so I will share the engagement of Cairo with Dr. and since then and each time I have an opportunity I stimulate this I take this with there is a lot of memory to share and for so I like to say unfortunately time is not enough so there is more in here I will talk about the creation of coalition between the 70s and 80s and between the 70s and 80s so I will we did an action 10 days of world justice it was at the church it was at the church where we put an action on international development and it was a coalition so the coalition were we were a success with several initiatives of groups and with the and we worked in the in the the problems that are in this of the local opposition and the formal organizations how we are together to support this initiative and all the success all the achievements that we had in the rest of the resilience and testimonies with the ecological action we will not have enough time to work with all these achievements and as some people say do not talk too much about the achievements and we can not advance without talking about the achievements the result of globalization in the 70s years we are working with these organizations in Canada in several localities we worked on globalization and also in Latin America and also we worked on the question based on the kind of violence based on the kind we worked with the church in the years in in the period of the years when he was born it was a moment for in his judgment he said in his point of view he said how can you keep inactive on your microphone while there is a conference who is talking trying to inactive your microphone so there is the initiative of Jubile we had a declaration of this declaration in the selection of Jubile to mark the entrance in the 2000s in the last 20 years certainly today on the way around extraordinary religious resurgence it's not that any tradition has the answers to the questions of earlier periods or the questions today but the kinds of questions have been asked before the kinds of issues have been wrestled with before the kinds of resolutions of some of those issues can inspire us today so as a symbol that captures this sensibility it was important to us in the Jubile initiative a symbol of apocalypse and let me cite one source for rethinking this notion of apocalypse I'm citing John Mohawk a Seneca born into the turtle clan on the Cateraugas Indian Reservation and what's now western New York state he was a primary author of a basic call to consciousness the classic collective work of the Haudenosaunee Grand Council from the mid 1970s on the meaning of traditionalism as a guide to political activism in his view apocalypse was not really a myth of the far distant end of the cosmos at the end of time but some astronomers now talk about it as the big crunch rather he insisted referring to a particular hoping that civilization of death and rebirth quote, this story should not be thought of as a fantasy but as a collective memory the archeological and geological records show that past civilizations did exist in the desert southwest in the present day US they did decline and disappear and the people did reappear the story is true so in conclusion let me say that's all saying indigenous peoples especially to see more clearly that the story of resurrection and the birth removal is unfolding again in our time and this time on planetary perhaps even cosmic scales as prey to the kairos and related communities and movements drawing on the rich legacies continue to grow in their capacities to nurture insight, solidarity, hope and faith which sustains us all against such great odds and thank you very much thank you so much for sharing your reflections with us today we are now about to move to the thank you very much we will take a moment to take a moment to take a moment and our we want to be aware of that that the French interpreter will be taking a break so we'll now move to hearing from our responders as they share their thoughts from what they've heard of our panelists and lift up any of the important things they want to highlight from this the first responder we will hear from is Georgine Kenjne de Jutain and I apologize if I pronounced your name incorrectly she is an economist she received a master of philosophy in economic science she is trained on project management, monitoring and evaluation, conflict resolution gender and human rights lobby and advocacy and she is now working as program coordinator with the African Gender and Extractive Alliance woman based in Johannesburg South Africa so welcome Georgine thank you very much Emily it's a pleasure and satisfaction being with you as we are all celebrating Kyros 20 years of great work I also want to take this opportunity to congratulate the staff of Kyros and we'll also think about John DeLon and also John Mihev and also thinking of Jim Davis with whom we worked for a very long time so I have listened with great interest and that was really very inspiring the message and the passionate I understand that the message and the passionate experience of his work over the years and also the sharing of experiences that he had in his work with Kyros so what attracted my attention is the fact that the fact that he started to remove the points of Kyros it was a very important moment that Kyros made the foundation solid so the foundation must be there to solve the questions about justice and that was the question of justice which is very important because if the foundation will blow and if the foundation can say that the wind can blow but Kyros was there and was trying to contemplate other areas to come that means that the foundation was so solid so I was very touched and the vision of change that and also the world that wants to have and what was very important is how how Kyros was what Kyros wanted so and they explored what we are going to call what Ivan said and I had the opportunity to work with them to share them so they looked at the women in and we know that the women in the tragedy their work, their problem was not brought on the table and we also saw the question about the rights of women and the public even and the number of questions we had in the countries Kyros went further to examine and to research what we are really talking about and also this deep ecological and also the destruction of our planet that we are going to see today because they have been they have denounced they have removed their voices their voices are heard and also we were talking here about the alliance Kyros was not a voice for marginalized communities but they were talking directly with the community and also presenting so from my little experience I just I just I just when I look at the experience of the last 20 years with a very good intention our partners in the north were talking about our questions but we were not there we were not there we had this opportunity to live what we can to suffer how we are affected by the injustices we are suffering day by day and how we are touched we are felt that our vision to change the world but Kyros was one of the organizations still on the ground to support other communities to present their topic on the table and that was clearly one a summary that our last three conferences put on the table so they were and that was very important because no the most of our decision to make leaders sometimes when I talk and when they when they are in their very professional meeting we do not understand what is going on on the ground but when we represent actors of the city we also sometimes put some representatives of the community but not really representatives and that is a problem that you have raised during your interventions and we you also have some questions that concern us and even on this time there are others among our Christian people there are others that have their own spirituality the question the question of the lack of awareness being created in their spirituality and this is to recognize what we do of evil we are facing racism, exploitation through the world but I am working with Carlos who is in the north who is not working like other organizations but they are thinking just like us we work together in our needs so we also there is one of the things that Priska talked about here she talked about reconciliation work reconciliation work is not only on or between Carlos I worked in a community where I had the opportunity to support Carlos and I really worked with young students who are university students I worked with to go to the community so that we could have the tools of reconciliation how we can get rid of violence and conflict because the solution is not only we do not have a fight but we do not have a fight for this but the problem we have the opportunity to reconcile and this has been an article Carlos gave us in the community they have what they need through Carlos this is what I had this presentation and I would also specify that I thank the new new person of Carlos to continue in the same direction and work in their hands in their hands I know that there will be 23 or 24 but we also have the opportunity to do things so that we are not marginalized and we are the only ones to be able to exchange thank you very much for giving me this opportunity so to speak thank you for sharing with me I would also like to give the opportunity to the next he is a bachelor in anthropology and a master in anthropology from the University of Georgia so he brought the actions of the project department in Canada he worked for a decade in the law in the law of law and he was also involved in several coalitions so we will invite Joe to speak now I think there is a problem I think your inactive quality can you now activate your information? so thank you everyone I join you from Ottawa and it's a pleasure for me to be on this platform so I just want to highlight 5 very important points that we have already discussed and after I heard the interview in retouch and I think that Yvonne the remarkable work of the Defendants one of the very important things of Karros when Karros was created they weren't just doing coalitions with certain circles but they were looking for the particular moment to do the coalitions one question and we didn't have the coalitions specifically to do our work on the coalitions on the coalitions so we can be in solidarity with other coalitions what we call the the activism it was a key and it was even Karros on the last 20 years and that was very fascinating but what is still very fascinating here is this remarkable story I was one of members who came to work in Ottawa in the 90s one of the reasons that Karros was established was when we did a work with their coalitions we had a debt of $25,000 and if we look at Karros now and the staff and the work we did and the participants and our work on the indigenous group we will see a big difference we are living as so I think there is a very wonderful story that Karros Karros really pushed the work of other coalitions at a very serious level and and with the work of Blancourt who was very developed we brought remarkable actions that we have developed after the many of our coalitions it was very different so this is just a story that can be shared and can also draw a lot of blood we also mentioned the question of extravism for our community one of the wonderful stories that I could be in the direction of Karros when we had the debates which delegations we needed which delegations we needed to work on the problem of we saw people who had projects we saw the Congo we also had our church and this conversation and debates were there on the west side bringing our actions and I put on the table a very ideal suggestion for delegations in the campaign all this development was really important to generate for the analysis on the genre we did and how this problem this violence was going to impact the others and I will make a final comment Liza he talked you know I learned that our community because we worked on the death which was there there were 30 people who were gathered around the table and even staff staff we put a new frame of possibilities so that and we talked you can go to see what God said the theme today we come with Carlos I think the response is of people and the tradition of the community of professionals who don't have the fear of changing things this is not just to remember the details of different stories it's just the question of saying that this is a good way to live our lives in the faith and things will be different there will be a response in schools and churches will be different Carlos as the mayor of Calgary said we have the chance to model something the chance to model something in the last 20 years but how are we going to impact on the future? there are people who talked about economic movements the need the need and it's a moment to make actions towards a new way of life a new way of life and a new way of working for the future and a new way of working for the future and the idea of the populist who are trying to take us away there is also a way I will share there are two months we had a participation of 2,000 people with the reconciliation of the truth in the churches how can we put our agenda to another level He said, the point of this is to realize that we are about to work on the change. So I would like to thank everyone who came to this call, to this meeting. It's a chance for me to say thank you. Thank you for these words of conclusion that you just made. I know very well that you all want to continue to share your stories. It was an inspiration to listen to you all. It was a very rich discussion and I felt empowered. And what gives us strength is just the fact that I would like to thank you all. It has been an honor to be with you and to share it with you today. So I would like to give the floor to Aisha for the next interview. What a wonderful celebration. I would like to invite Adriana to come back and share with us what the technology is with us. Thank you. So I will simply share my screen. I would like to start with an image that I have taken together for 20 years. The history, the recognition that it was a possibility for the Kavosprix to be established as an organization. You can see the steps on each age of this organization. It is a recognition to see how to celebrate and where it comes from. On the other hand, the strength that is behind this work is for the indigenous people and for everyone across the world. It is just understanding the connection, it is just recognizing the reconnection. It is a journey that will always be there. And also the invitation to recognize the challenges and the recognition of injustice. There is also some talk about the change in this graphic. The change is what is very important in the last 20 years of Carlos's work. And how we have worked in our relationships, in the organization, and how we have restructured several times. And we are able to resolve things that do not work better within the organization. There is also the work of Ivan. It is also a way of not forgetting this coalition between the North and the South. We realize that within this world community, we are connected. We are connected as the contract has been developed. And even in the developing countries. There are many things that have worked. I am very happy to be here tomorrow and to continue to be here tomorrow for the conversation. I will be here tomorrow. Thank you very much, Andriana, for this artistic work.  What a morning! It was very, very incredible. I think that what we are about to see, and what we are about to see, is what the organization has done. The fruit of Carlos throughout the summer, and how it was established, and how it is important for us. And all the people who have been part of Carlos. And we are here just to say thank you. So I thank all the conferences that participated today, who spoke about it. Thank you for what you have done, thank you for what you have shared for our celebration and assembly. It is other than the 20 years of the anniversary of Carlos. So now we are going to talk about what is happening now. Because the realities are so different. We have a pandemic that has been going on. We are going to talk about what we are going through now at this time. Because we will have to talk about it tomorrow. And on the third day, we will talk about how we are going to continue our work. How we will always be active on the field. And what is new, what is innovative, and what is different. The way in which we have restored the world. Thank you all for joining us tonight. I believe that Carlos is an economical and economic relationship with you. And I see that it is a very powerful mechanism by the change that is there. And Carlos is involved. And I think you will also be involved in the work of the justice, the action of justice. And the community. And in a way, we have to participate in our positions. So there are several ways to communicate with us. If you please, if you want to be involved with us, be part of our work. So we still have two workshops this afternoon. The first is at 13 o'clock for equal dignity and equal justice. And at 15 o'clock, we will have another. And I am very happy that you are here with us for this celebration. We had a wonderful, wonderful, wonderful afternoon. Thank you all.


So the first one we want to have a look at is one we have already looked at before which is combustion of alcohols. So when we were looking at the calculating experimentally the enthalpy or the molar enthalpy of combustion of alcohols we used this particular equation which is the combustion of ethanol. So in this case when ethanol combusts in oxygen we produce carbon dioxide and water and this is going to assume complete combustion. Of course if there is low oxygen then we may find that carbon monoxide or even carbon as soot can be produced instead of carbon dioxide. Water of course is always going to be one of our products. The products of these combustion reactions assuming complete combustion will be the same and you just change the alcohol and get some practice writing some of these different equations down.


and then he puts that towards the cases I buy. So you guys essentially help. What is this? Look at this name. Blue Eyes Abyss Dragon. It's literally almost off the guard. That is the coolest nameshift I've ever pulled. That is so freaking cool. I was like, wait a second.  We might have multiple and it's an Apollosa too. Not only are we getting a Blue Eyes card, we're getting an Apollosa misprint.


I like that.  One time I think I was reading Gandhi's autobiography and somebody was kind of following him around and saying, they were following him, they saw that he was kind of open-minded. He would fit really nice, Gandhi would fit well into this community. He was very eclectic, even though he was raised Hindu. He was fascinated by Christianity and Islam, you know, he was well-read and he was very open-minded and he was also practicing and experimenting, being intuitive. He called his whole life an experiment, an experiment with truth. I like that. I like, also I like transparency. I love how Gandhi, you know, published a newsletter, I loved how he did all this journaling when he was in prison his whole life and how he published it to the world. He was transparent. I find that's another very helpful way of really getting in touch with the truth. How I feel is very, very peaceful and very, very joyful, like a swirling happy energy in my heart at the core of my being and to me that's the simplest answer is when you really have that deep feeling in the core of your being, that's the acknowledgement. The truth is within and you feel in harmony with that and that's like the affirmation or the confirmation of that. Also I find it very helpful to be transparent so I over the years have been extremely transparent. I've done what people call hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of public gatherings in all different parts of the world on different continents in which I let everybody just raise any question you want and don't worry about asking me too personal of a question. I'm transparent. I'll give you a straight answer. Whatever the question is, don't hold back. That's been an accelerated path to discernment because the ego is saying you've got a private life and then you've got a public life. Some people don't want a public life at all but what we're saying is life is life. Life doesn't have anything to hide. Life can be totally transparent. I've even heard people tell me there was a priest one time who was a priest for many years and he said, David, I would have people come to me and ask me questions in the confessional. They'd confess things and ask me questions and whenever I didn't know the answer to what they were asking, this priest would say, God is a mystery, that was his answer. He says, but I sense from you there's nothing mysterious about this. You keep talking about how God wants to openly reveal God. God isn't hiding or holding anything back trying to keep anything mysterious. God is openly revealing and I thought, yeah, I like that. I want to be like God in that way. I think that transparency is beautiful. I know somebody recently wrote some books on enlightenment and it seemed to be kind of like a ghost writer on enlightenment because when people would try to contact the author, they couldn't get a hold of the author. The author never did any public gatherings, never went out. It was just like words on a page and nobody could find the author and talk to him. Of course, some authors have written stuff many centuries ago. I like transparency so we use Facebook and Twitter and Ning and write stuff and speak stuff. All the stuff that we're talking about now goes on the internet for people to access freely, freely, freely. That's another thing that I appreciate about truth. It's freely given and it's free gift. It doesn't cost anything and also there's 100% responsibility with it and accountability too. If I'm sharing something and they say, I heard you say on YouTube this, but then what about this? Do you live your life this way? How do you live your life? I think that's a legitimate question that we shouldn't just accept that we can separate and segment off parts of our life and say one thing and live another way. Where's the harmony in that? Where's the joy in that? That's just talking the talk and not walking the walk. Those are ways in which just examples in which we try to really tune into it. I feel like you should know them by their fruits. If they're consistently peaceful, happy, joyful, that's good. I would follow that if someone is consistently that way and that's what Gandhi said one time when somebody asked him all these theological questions, do you believe in this, and this, and this, and this.  I thought, wow, I like that answer. Come and live with me. Come and see for yourself. Come and see. That is a sense of no hiding, like I've got nothing to hide. Come find out for yourself, but don't take my word for it. Just come and find out for yourself and to me that's another way that you really get in touch with it because like as our mouths been sharing, it hits to come, it's from within you. You have the truth within you already and you just want to find what really resonates in the core of your being and the process of sorting out the errors and the distortions is really the process of coming to greater and greater discernment.


Vasinova Denies Dating Somaizu. Vasinova has had enough of people making assumptions that he and Somaizu might longer are an item. For years now, Sommel has been having to deal with rumors of an ongoing divorce and many have placed Vasi at the center of it all, assuming that he is the one that took Mohel's place. Just recently, they have been spending so much time together going on business trips and enjoying themselves in the process. Their recent trip was in Cape Town and judging by the snaps, they reeked of money. They then decided to get in touch with their wild side by getting closer to nature in Limpopo and having breakfast at a bush. This made people even more suspicious about the state of Somaizu might longer and Mohel Motong's relationship but Vasi has laid all of that to rest. Speaking to John Savage on his What's Your Poison? podcast, Vasi admitted that he trusts Somm Gaga with his life and this is caused by the 16-year friendship they both share. I have known Somaizu for 16 years. I met him before I even got into the music industry. He's so real and supportive. Somaizu is one of those genuine people that believes that if you have a dream, no matter how big, you can work towards it and achieve it. His success has been motivation for me to believe this is possible. Somaizu is living proof that reaching your dreams is possible. It's not often you find someone you are able to trust with your life and when you do find someone like this, it's important to nurture that relationship. People out there are saying that we are dating but we're not dating. We have mutual respect for each other and we trust each other a lot. With us, it's realness all the way. It's been 16 years now and we're still going strong, he said. Somaizu has never shied away from putting trolls at their place even though Vasi and Mohel have always just stayed silent. In December he clapped back at trolls who were invested in their lives. Even when people questioned Vasi's sexuality he was their guns blazing so Somaizu defended his bestie by saying people should just mind their own business. I'm not fighting, I'm asking, what's the obsession with other people's sexuality? It's as if the answers will improve a certain aspect of your life, or as if it makes one feel better about themselves if they out someone else, trust me he is content and I hope you are too and enjoy your life. He clapped back.


Hello. Thanks for joining today's discussion. My name is Brian Levy and I've been a Product Manager for several years, and I'm currently a Principal Group Manager of PM at Microsoft in the Microsoft Digital Organization. In my current role, I lead PMs in developing technologies and tools at Power Experiences on Microsoft.com. On a personal level, I'm a New York transplant on the West Coast, spent about a decade in California, and another in Washington where I currently live and work. For the last 12 years, I've been at Microsoft where I've been extremely fortunate to have experienced multiple roles. I started out as an hourly associate helping to launch Microsoft's physical retail store business. I later went on to manage worldwide store operations for over 100 locations before switching to a technology program management track. Since then, I've helped transform the technologies and tools, powering end-to-end retail, launched interactive experiences in experience centers and on the web, and I'm now working on transforming the customer journey on Microsoft.com. I've had individual contributor roles and management roles, I've led large teams and small ones, and today I'm just super grateful for the opportunity to chat with you on behalf of the product school. Today's topic is titled Constructive Disruption, using hackathons to break down organizational barriers to innovation. The reason we chose this topic was because in today's enterprise environment with large companies, you can often feel at a disadvantage compared with startups when it comes to trying out new things, especially if the new ideas or projects could be seen as divergent from the current roadmaps and plans or product lines of the existing organizations. We've heard from a lot of PMs that they want to have more opportunities to innovate, and hackathons might very well be that solution for you if you leverage them to their fullest potential. Hackathons are events that bring employees together to create, to innovate, and to hack on ideas that inspire them, but you can also use them for more than just hacking. You can use them to spur energy and excitement for a new idea or project that you take beyond the hack. What I'll be covering today are the three key themes to think about to ensure your hackathon not only results in innovation, but has the best possible chance of success beyond the hack. You'll also be able to apply these three themes to other work you do as PM. Let's jump right in. You know, almost nothing in this world of significance can be done alone, and it requires having a great team alongside you. But what makes a great team when it comes to a hackathon? What kind of skills do you need to recruit for it, and how do you do recruiting for a hackathon? Which areas of the organization should you look to for recruiting? As a leader of a hackathon team, how can you maximize the results of your recruiting efforts and where do you focus? There are really two types of considerations to make when it comes to recruiting for hackathons. The first is organizational positioning, and the second is skills and talents. Organizational positioning is essentially what team the candidates normally work in within the company and their regular role in those teams. As an example, they might be a manager of a design studio in another organization or an individual contributor in a product team that you're part of. And other combinations. The key to leveraging organizational positioning well is to think about that person's regular role and whether or not that role can help the hackathon execute and succeed beyond the hackathon. Based on your project goals as an example, you might be developing a potentially competing technology with something that already exists at the company. If this is the case, you might benefit from having someone from that competing team being on the project with you. Or with your project as another example, you might be looking to increase the ranking of the idea in the normal prioritization process of your organization. If this is the case, you might benefit from having someone from that planning team or from that team's leadership team participate in your project as a fellow team member. The second consideration comes down to the skills and talents of the candidates and the needs of the project. How many of each type of role or discipline do you need on the team to succeed in a hackathon and would the people that you're recruiting be able to help advance the hackathon project during the project and beyond the hack based on their skills and talents as well as their existing organizational position? As an example, a project might likely need software engineers, user experience designers, product marketing and other roles, but you likely don't need all participants to be software engineers and it would be great if those participating software engineers are organizationally positioned in a team that's going to benefit your idea with their leadership bio. You want to have this combo of the two factors, the two considerations of organizational positioning and skills and talents in the people that you target to join your team. Once you identify your targets for recruiting, go ahead and pitch the project to them, win them over and get them to join. In my most recent hackathon experience, we were able to use both organizational positioning and skills and talents to build a team that not only delivered on the hackathon goals, but it also helped our team align some future work with another group that's going to benefit from the work that our team does and drive wider company impact. The second theme we'll cover is seeing is believing. So when I was growing up, I studied saxophone and I'll always remember my music teacher saying that he can play any song as long as he's able to hear it in his mind first. If he can hear it, he can play just about anything. I think the same lesson holds true for creating anything, but people don't need to be professional musicians or artists in order to be able to leverage this skill set. People just need to be able to see it in their minds first for them to believe in it. With a hackathon or with any new idea you have, it's your job as a PM to help people see what's possible and create a shared vision even when nothing exists yet. And so how can you do that and what's worked for me? On the spectrum of fidelity for visualizations, there can be everything from a paper napkin sketch that we create some restaurant all the way up to a high fidelity video trailer with theme music, narration and special effects. As a PM, this concept really isn't new, but what might be new is how you think about leveraging these to fulfill your hackathon objectives. As an example, when you are recruiting team candidates to your hackathon team after you've targeted them, it's extremely helpful to have some kind of visual pitch content to sell them on the idea and wanting to join the team. Low fidelity sketches or high fidelity wireframes are great for attracting that talent to your team and it's even better to co-create that with them. During the hack, sharing inspirational examples with the team and other content is a great way to drive execution and excitement. Is there some kind of movie scene that resonates or a trailer of a sci-fi movie with some futuristic way of doing something that helps galvanize the team on what they are executing towards and helping to create that visual aid for them to envision? Then, when you're wrapping up the hackathon project, pulling together a full motion video with music and narration is a great way to convey the story of what your team built so that it can be easily shared with others. Think about including the background of why the team chose this project, demonstrations of what was built, animated prototypes of what's possible to build with more time and resources and the potential impact the idea can have. The higher fidelity the project summary is and the more compelling the story and vision, the more effective the hackathon will be for driving impact beyond the hack. The third theme that we're going to cover is race to value. There's an old cliche that if you can measure it, you can manage it. Building on that same concept, if you can quantify the potential impact of your idea, you can obtain the right to pursue it. With hackathons, teams often forego the exercise of quantifying the value of the idea and rest solely on the perceived merit of the project. To not only succeed during the hackathon, but also earn the right to continue beyond the hack, let's talk about some best practices. When you get started with a hackathon, you will have many project options to pick from likely. To help level the playing field and help you choose the option that's most likely to succeed, the first tip is to start with measurement and goal setting at the beginning and using it to inform what project to pursue. As an example, if you have the choice between two project ideas, one of which will drive a measurable impact that's important to your leadership team and one that's not, this can be really helpful in deciding which idea to choose. So start by developing a list of targeted metrics that you want to go after, not just product ideas, and forecast the impact the project ideas can have on those metrics. Picking a measurement and a project idea based on the forecasted impact is a good start, but there's more to be done. So how can you then validate the impact potential before you write a line of code or create a PM spec? Can you leverage a paper prototype with potential users? Is there a smaller component of the project idea that would be quicker and easier to construct and faster to measure results with? Don't wait to validate the impact potential. Earlier you can do this, the more confidence you'll have in the idea, but more importantly, the more confidence your team and their leaders will have in the idea. Another tip is to embrace taking shortcuts. Most of us want to do things the right way or the best way, especially when we envision a particular method of execution. But when it comes to proving value, it's okay to take shortcuts to get to the proof point. Is there an existing product that meets 50% of the features you are looking to develop? Even it's another organization's product. Is there a past product that was launched and later shuttered that meets some of the features that you're looking to develop? The point is, if there's a creative way for you to take a shortcut that leads to proving the hypothesized value, even directionally, it's likely worth taking. Proving the value is potentially more important than proving the feasibility. Finally, the last tip is to continuously monitor the impact to the measurable goal and report out on it via regular updates. People's belief and faith in an idea can wane over time, but if the results continue to prove fruitful, this can help keep support alive for your project idea beyond the hackathon. In my most recent experience, despite our hackathon idea being very compelling conceptually, and having aligned measures to success, we took way too long to prove value because we avoided shortcuts. This really put the project in jeopardy of continuing several times and could have been avoided if we laser focused on getting a measurable impact first and not waiting. As we wrap up, these three themes aren't just helpful for hackathons. They are great principles that are going to help you day to day in your role as a PM. Recruiting with leverage ensures that you're being organizationally aware and cognizant of the political landscape around you. Seeing as believing and crystallizing a vision for others to embrace is all about your ability to craft a story and lead a team to a desired outcome.  Even with great work, ideas, and solid execution, sometimes that's not enough and these three themes to succeed just might mean the difference between an idea and a product. On behalf of myself and the product school, thank you for watching and listening. Goodbye.


What's up everybody, I'm TheMangoose, you were awesome, but today I wanted to talk about some of the gameplay choices I don't like with OverPrime. Soul Eve has created something special here and many of us have been enjoying the hell out of it. They've shown us that they know how to capture the look and feel of old Paragon. However, I think they picked a few wrong ingredients when putting everything together. This is completely separate from the clusterfuck of an installation and patching system they have. No, I'm talking about specific mechanics I believe need to be changed. I'm also not really going to address balance as I think that's something that will come with time. We shouldn't care right now about winning or losing or what heroes overpowered or underpowered. We need to focus on finding bugs and talking about design choices we don't particularly care for. Right now, I personally believe Soul Eve's order of priorities should be to create a real launcher, get servers online, fix bugs, reconsider some design choices, and then they can balance the game. I can't do anything about the first three, but after playing the game and discussing things with various players, I think I can provide some feedback concerning the mechanics of the game. My opinions are not set in stone though and I am often wrong, so feel free to disagree with me in the comments. Let's start off with a small one, the item system. The item system in overprime functions much like the item system of any other MOBA. Items are usually part of a three tier path with one item upgrading into another. However, you have, I guess four now, used to be three, active slots, and two passive slots.  You won't be able to upgrade to pancakes, which is an active item unless you free up an active slot, unless of course you don't want to use the active. Also, when you're looking at card costs in the game, it factors in the cost of the item you already own. I'm looking here and I see I have seven points. Pancakes cost nine, so I think sweet. I can sell the shovel to get me the two more points I need for pancakes. Nope. Once I sell the shovel, the price goes up because it was already included. You also can't pick up an upgraded item while keeping the lower tiered one. It just goes away when you buy a new card. If this all sounds confusing, it's because it IS confusing. They do have the item paths displayed on the screen, so this isn't a huge problem. It does lack clarity and I heard a lot of confusion in the card shop when I was playing though. The first big problem I have is with respawning inhibitors. I don't particularly have a problem with them respawning, but this mechanic combined with a few others makes for what I believe to be unfun gameplay. If you don't know, inhibitors will respawn over time or when a team gets a defensive dunk with the orb prime. All this does is prolong the game. I know many people will view it as a valuable comeback mechanic, but I think it's just an unnecessary pain in the ass when combined with some of the other design choices they've made. It doesn't matter if you were able to capitalize on a good teamfight and push down an inhibitor because it's going to come back. Most games of Paragon, if you down an inhib, you can either push through for the win, or if you've lost several people after getting one down, you can hard push another lane to keep the pressure on the opponent. Not so in over prime, pushing the core down is very difficult unless you have a few waves of minions as it takes next to zero damage without minions present, and hard pushing another lane is rendered ineffective because the inhibs respawn. With travel mode, the enemy team can quickly clear waves of minions and still respawn to your push, or just come charging out of the fountain at full speed and run you over. These require overwhelming the enemy team and respawning inhibs do nothing in that scenario because you're just going to win anyway. Travel mode plays a lot into this, I think having respawning inhibs is fine as long as you make some changes to travel mode. So let's talk about travel mode. It was a huge problem in legacy and it's a huge problem in over prime. I don't want to see it go though, I think it's a fun mechanic and I love the travel mode animations, I just think it needs a change. Possibly put it on a long cooldown so you have to be smart about when you use it. Here's an example of why it's a problem. The team we were up against won a teamfight, there were several of us down and the Faye here was doing what she should do, taking advantage of numerical superiority to push the lanes. She was keeping an eye on respawn timers and was starting to back away as I spawned in. However, because I was in travel mode and she couldn't activate it because of Gideon, I just ran her down.  This is an example of leapfrogging. One person keeps an enemy from entering travel mode while the other uses travel mode to either run up on them or run past them. You can alternate between two people to make any kind of outplay impossible for the person being leapfrogged. This is also why deathballing became so prevalent in the legacy. You can have one person hold someone in place and then completely surround them with the rest of your team in travel mode. You can't even rely on tower humping because they'll just trade tower aggro until you're dead. If you watched the live stream of the initial launch of overprime, you saw this tactic in action.  This is the kind of tactic that doesn't feel good for anyone involved. Tying into travel mode are all the damn movement speed items in the game. Here are all the items that give some sort of movement speed bonus. Why? You already have travel mode, why have all these other passive or active speed boosts in the game? They stack with travel mode and abilities too. This is the same grim game I was playing. I was straight handling this Murdock in the early game.  And then he would just wait until you could activate travel mode again and repeat the process until people were dead. I ain't mad at him. It was both hilarious and ingenious. Rig magic, if you're out there, buddy, I salute you.  That's great use of the game's mechanics to accentuate Doc's kit. That shouldn't be a thing though. Move speed items and passive should not work with travel mode. It should be one, the other, or neither.  I saw how I'd die. It's not pretty, and I do not look forward to it. This is another thing I don't like. When you have items that boost speed, then you end up with items that are almost required to be competitive. And that's not limited to speed boosts with overprime. Take the Kingslayer card that gives ranged heroes a boost to their attack range. If you have two equally skilled ADCs, the one with this card will always win a duel. So then it becomes a requirement for ADCs to have this card. And if all ADCs are using this card to get the same attack range, then the question is, why not just chuck that card and give them all that increased attack range? The next change I want to see is a very small one, and it is very debatable. That's the effectiveness of knockbacks.  When you knock someone back with Buckshot, Colossal Blow, or Displacement Blast, they go flying. Look at this Greystone. He gets some serious hang time there. I think if we want to add some of overprime's lineup to the other games, we could just like put Sarath on the edge of the map and hit her with a Displacement Blast and chuck her over into Fault. Maybe left side for Fault, right side for predecessor. This may be fine, but I was just kind of taking it back by how far the knockback ranges are. Speaking of Grim though, his ult kind of takes a while to cast.    He interrupted it. I think that's about all I have for now. Let me know if you noticed some things that you would like to see changed, or if you disagree with my assessment. I see a lot of potential in Soul Leave. However, I think they may have wasted it by writing a love letter to Legacy in order to give the fans a nostalgia boner when they can't have used the lessons taught to us by the failures of Paragon to create a better, more sustainable game. They are obviously very good at what they do and have created something special here, but those who don't learn from the past are doomed to repeat it. No one said that before me. That's my quote. I made it up myself. I swear. This is the Mangoes signing off. You guys have a good one. Like us, subscribe and stuff. Mango.


I have been studying technology diffusion for the last 10 years. Technology diffusion is potentially one of the most significant drivers, if not the most significant driver of cross-country difference in productivity. Over this time I have tried both to understand the reasons why countries adopt technologies at different rates and the consequences that this has for productivity and for productivity growth. In this paper we study how the process of technology diffusion has evolved over time in a wide range of countries, approximately 150 countries, for 25 technologies that have been invented over the last 200 years. We think about technology diffusion as having two components. One is when technologies arrive to countries and the second component is how intensively they penetrate once they have arrived to countries. For each of these 25 technologies and for each country we measure each of these two components. We try to understand how these components have evolved over time in our cross-section. What we find is that adoption lacks have converged over the last 200 years so that these differences in the last week with technologies arrive to countries have declined dramatically. In contrast, the intensity with which technologies have penetrated that has diverged over the last 200 years. That means that the gap in penetration rates between rich and poor countries used to be very small and now they are much wider. So after understanding these key facts about the process of technology diffusion over the last 200 years, what we do is we try to explore the implications that this has had for the dynamics of productivity growth, that is for the great divergence, for why productivity cross-country differences have exploded over the last 200 years. And we do that by plugging those estimates of the dynamics of technology diffusion in a very, very simple standard model of growth. And what we find is that basically the divergence of the intensity of use of technologies generates divergence in productivity growth that not only overcomes the convergence in productivity associated with the convergence adoption lacks, but is capable of explaining approximately 80% of the great divergence. So that's basically the key finding of the paper. Well, of course all this research was done extremely carefully using state-of-the-art tools both in the estimation of adoption lacks and intensive margins for specific technologies and using some state-of-the-art techniques to model technology diffusion and productivity growth. Of course, it was critical the use of our data set, the chat data set that I've put together with various co-authors including Bar-Hobain from the San Francisco Fed over the last decade or so and this data set covers comprehensively the diffusion of approximately 100 technologies, 104 technologies in 154 countries over the last 200 years. There are many, many, many, many questions that I would like to continue doing in the future, but one that is unavoidable is to understand better what has been driving these divergence in the intensity of use of technologies. That seems like one of those questions that once you start thinking about it's impossible to think about anything else. I think that once I answer the question, once I understand why the intensity of use of technologies has diverged over time, I will be able to draw policy implications that can help us redirect that trend and that may help us understand better or may help us poor countries grow at faster rates and converge eventually to the rates of rich countries. Probably, those policies will be targeted to increase in the technological knowledge that people and companies have in developing countries. But for this, first I need to prove that this is actually what is driving the dynamics of the intensity of use of technologies in poor countries. And second, we need to find effective ways to impact the technological know-how of people and companies in developing countries.


TLO what's poppin we are on twitch We are Live so you can come join us if you want if not That's cool. Just leave a like and comment subscribe turn your post notification bells Let's continue to grow the family from Chicago to the UK If you do happy to miss a live This is where all the highlights will be if anybody knows how to make shorts and wants to be a part of this channel Contact me. Let me know make some shorts and let's get it uploaded Don't forget we do got the patreon. I just recorded misfits misfits season 4 episode 8 Pretty good And we also got the discord man tomorrow.  That's what I'm gonna do. I mean tomorrow not all day every day all day tomorrow Have you seen the video with Cameron came To the UK years ago camera. Oh, yeah, I did see that Let's get into this though man basic workers rights British vs. UK. I haven't worked the legitimate job in America in like five or four years I don't so I don't Go to wix.com But I might have to go back to work man. I need some more money So, you know I had to get that back on Grip in the States.  Stripe yourselves right on in today's video.  No, I'm not the manager. You're the manager you find the replacement I'm sick trying to get my health in order. I don't get paid to find a replacement See and that's why I haven't worked, you know, leaving work and work benefits And if you're new to my channel, hello, my name is Evan and well Wanted to know more about in UK and no matter how sick I was when I was working at a Pizza Hut a food service restaurant I was expected to show up to work or find a replacement Which is something that most people in the UK when I told them this said well, isn't that what the hiring manager is supposed to do? Yeah, I guess that makes a lot of sense. He should be the one kind of balancing Why is it down to the individual employee? Well, it's because when you're sick in the US that is actually your fault You're guilty of this and you need to pay the company back by doing another job and finding someone else to replace That's just the culture whereas because I was brought up Like this my first couple jobs in the UK I showed up incredibly ill during days in which I was sick and was told to go home Which blew my mind. What do you mean? Well, I already showed up I'm coughing all over the place, but I got up at work to do right. No, I was sent home and I could get healthy Well, but one of the most interesting aspects of this whole thing was that I was paid What's crazy is in America you get like I worked at the Marriott. I got like Sick days not paid.   I think one paid in like five Five sick days Limitless was not paid. I could remember that they like very Very very clearly as you are sick for a very long time You can go to get a doctor's note, but as we have nationalized health care that doesn't cost anything on the other hand in the US the land of the free there is no federally mandated sick pay So regardless of if you're sick for one day one week one month You are unpaid for the most part, which isn't really the best situation And especially if you're someone that is living paycheck to paycheck which as of March 2022 is 64% of Americans nearly two out of every three Americans is living paycheck to paycheck I don't really think you can blame someone for going to work when they're ill if Financially, they're just playing the cards that they've been dealt as best as they can also given the fact that a lot of American employers Demand a doctor's note if you are ill for more than one or two and the doctor's note does not excuse you Like I was I had doctors notes and I was still getting like a write-up for that taking X amount of days Bro, I'm sick. What y'all want me to do come get the rest of the employees sick I mean we all have to close the building like what y'all want me to do two days Which is then an entire extra day you need to take off to go to your doctor And if you don't have great insurance for instance when I was working at different retail restaurants and things well That's 75 bucks a session. So now I've lost essentially a day or two's wages Plus I'm freaking ill still and I have to heal It's just not a good situation and the thing about this issue is it's really not political in the slightest In fact, 94% of self-identified liberals and 81% of self-identified conservatives agree That paid sick days should be a basic human worker right But then if such a huge grouping of these two sides that usually wore all the time finally agree on it Why do we not have any change?  Like if I do one thing wrong, I'm gone Like what are you serious?  They don't care if you got rent paid to pay they don't not care That's why I couldn't so you got to take your own financial situation into your own heads. Yes, I might have to go back to work Yes, I might need a job For like for a little bit because you know, I'm still trying to adjust the Florida and things of that nature And you know saying not enough people are you know watching commercials for my videos? So it's like But you know, they'd like to keep it that way and so they have successfully lobbied to ensure that no change Has happened does that sound familiar to any other part of the US law almost all of it actually yes It's sad and sadly as is the case in most of these things The people with the largest amount of money have the largest voice in US politics And so can shout down the massive majority of people who just want this basic right so that they can have more money We know a lot of people don't even like like eight and remember y'all seen eight and Ross when he said oh Man, can I even say his name?  If I was making $100,000 a year Trust me when I was in Chicago, I made 120 a year and Then I moved to Florida and you know, I'm trying to do something different. So it's like But it's like, you know Which is of course the American dream now given that this is the sad state of affairs Most Americans have found a loophole on how to have paid sick leave and sadly you probably know where this is going Well, it comes out of their holiday pay one of the reasons why Americans don't travel or go on holiday as much as Anyone else in Western civilization? Well, they use them for sick days now regardless of whether or not. Oh, that's what it was That's what it was Okay, so we got sick days I think I got like five sick days, but in order to get them paid. I would have to write in my holiday Not you get paid time off during your next trip abroad or to the local shops today's video sponsor Revolute can actually help you for all things money spending safe massive spending Revolute away this month and excellent exchange rates I need me some paid sponsorships man and no hidden fees and even better Any 20 pound for sponsoring days, but he Americans don't travel as much as many other European counterparts and a lot of Americans will say well It's because the country is so big and there's not many places to visit outside of like Mexico and Canada My But usually as soon as somebody makes this argument Australia enters the chat But it has more to do with the fact that there are no federal protections for holiday pay in the States at all I don't know how many times I've told this story on this channel, but I'll tell it again I worked five years at a Pizza Hut work in 30 hours a week and I earned zero days paid holiday Whereas I worked under 20 hours in London and managed to get two days a month I was blown away with how I was able to earn anything Considering that I'd worked five years and hadn't even gotten a single raise from my two dollars and 13 cents an hour They were paying me somehow legally they didn't have to how was that legal though? Well federally there aren't any laws about holiday pay the government thought it'd be better to just leave that up The employers and as we all know employers always have the best intentions They don't now my state decided to have it so that once you work over a certain amount of time in my case 30 hours You are entitled to some paid holiday However, they made it a step function meaning you have to cross over that threshold of 30 There isn't a gradual increase like say the way we pay taxes And so that's just going to allow capitalistic companies to be capitalistic companies to ensure I never was allowed to work over 33 hours a week Just so they could make sure I averaged out under that and they would never ever have to pay me a single day of paid holiday See I'm so Marriott is a little different man I still I like working up for the Marriott if I go back to work and if I'm forced to go back to work That's the I will go back to them for a part time First of all, I got a lot of experience working a Marriott because of the Marriott I can work any job across the board, you know any job. I'm qualified to work anything because of that But they did stuff a little differently like when it came to pay and I give them that they They gave you holiday days because they didn't give you sick So it was required to work if you were full-time you work 40 hours a week And you got overtime, which is time and a half and you got And you got and you got what's it called you got And you got holiday pay like every I think if you work 40 hours you get Two hours of two or three hours of paid holiday pay perks per 40 hours or something like that And keep in mind when I was working at Marriott. I was making $23 an hour. This was this was this was This was five years ago. I was at Marriott making $23 an hour. That's crazy, right? Five years ago making $23 an hour. Don't forget the state tax is crazy out in Chicago But if I was making $23 right here in Florida What? Yo, I'd be dog. I'll be getting like five bands a month Now not like 4500. That's not that's See that's the type of like I can't I just it was the it wasn't Marriott It was who they had working there like the GM for where I worked.  That's quite a lot in the US well in the UK We are mandated to have at least 28 days of paid holiday That's 5.6 weeks of paid holiday including bank holidays if an employer wants to they can give you more than that or less But that's just how it is though to be fair the US Department of Labor has said that 76% of private sector employees got Paid holiday and the average of that was 10 That's tough sub up well as there's no federal law employers don't have to and so they won't even less they're forced to Which is why it's good that in certain states They actually have some states like Vermont for every 52 hours you work You get one hour of paid holiday and for those of you that enjoy math That means that working 40 hours a week in the state of Vermont every single week at the end of the year You earn five days of paid holiday 40 hours Yeah, see it was something like that for Marriott to in Chicago, but I think it was like for 40 hours We just get like oh shit damn really subbed up true Shout out that that's horrible and of those five days if we know that the average American is sick 3.9 days of the year and they don't get paid sick days Well of those five days in Vermont. You've got one left if you've gotten average amount of sickness Congratulations. Where are you gonna go? Dorney park It's a bit far and all of these things together really show how the culture is in terms of when you ask your boss for a day Off in the u.s. And they act as if even though you're fully entitled to it You're hurting them and you are doing them a disservice to take the holiday that you're legally allowed to have in certain states It's just such a weird contract As to countries like germany in which their employers force them to go on holiday because they understand that a Well-rested employee is going to be a better one make better decisions and be happier in general I mean the uk isn't the greatest thing But i'm thankful that we do have those 28 days of paid holidays so that people can take off people can enjoy their lives And not just work every single day of their lives now as a quick asterisk here There are some companies in the u.s. And the uk that both employ this new magical thing called unlimited time off Unlimited paid holiday that sounds like a dream. I was offered a job like this once and that was the I feel like I feel like if that was an option people wouldn't take advantage of it Like people would like they would have to get acclimated to that Like damn, I got unlimited man. I'm gonna take this But eventually they'll be like damn, I got unlimited. I ain't gotta rush it. Let me just slow down and Let me really use these when I graduate out of using the first thing I had a question about I went How does that work unlimited time off? I can just take off and he was like Yeah, you you have unlimited as opposed to like 28 days or 29 you have unlimited So I said so I'm just gonna get hired and then just start going on holiday Well, you do have to make sure that you you work enough like you feel like you've gotten enough done And I was like, well, that's not unlimited then now is it now Truth be told I did go on holiday way more than any other employee But I was a rare case in fact the whole concept of unlimited paid holiday It is found means that people take off less because they don't realize how much they have if you have 28 days And you've spent 14 by the end of the year Sometimes you want to just make sure you spend those final days if it's unlimited You don't actually have an end limit and so most people will spend less So there it is companies give a mental thing you something that looks like it's beautiful. It is a trojan horse It's actually so you take off less classic capitalism now. Obviously sometimes Me I was a partier. I'm taking off. Yeah, I'm not gonna make it today. I'm sorry Um, you know, there's been a there's been a there's been an unaliving in the family I'm just playing and people die Wow, we're getting real dark bereavement leave is something that you would Really expect at the end of the day for both countries to have But they don't the uk does have a law however if you do lose a dependent which I'm thankful Does include things like housemate which the us's does not but if you do lose a dependent in the uk The law states you're to be given a reasonable amount of time off to grief reasonable That that's the law you must be reasonable and it's odd that this type of thing just works in the uk in the law It says be reasonable in the us that's not I don't think that would ever work as much as I don't really feel protected By a clause saying it has to be reasonable in the uk. They do kind of follow through with that most of the time In the us though The only thing we really have is the family and medical leave act which allows for 12 weeks of leave protected Unpaid leave which is good. You can come back to your job at the end of it and ta-da. You've still got it However, there's so many asterisks Revolving around this fmla or my life america act There's a big chance It doesn't even apply to you to get this unpaid leave and you're going to have to work regardless of what you're going through Do you work for a company with fewer than 50 people? Well, congratulations You do not qualify. You have to keep working through your grief Did one of your loved ones wait to pass away until after you got your new job? You're also not entitled to any leave protected unpaid leave Nope, you've got to come to work grieving because you have to stay at the same company for at least a year Before that can happen Which is a reason why I'm assuming most people are afraid to leave jobs because that transitionary period There are so many benefits the government is no longer giving you So if you work for a company with fewer than 50 people or you've reached Yeah, man, that's crazy. I remember my uh, somebody passed away when I was working at the When I was working.  They wanted to see the obituary I'm like damn y'all asking for way too much like that's personal like no You can't have a cop.  Thing like, you know, I'm saying like why do you need the obituary like no you need proof like who lot like no It's just the know from me like recently switched jobs The fmla just does not apply to you and in fact on the official website for the fmla It states if you know ahead of time that you'll be taking leave for a new child Or a planned medical treatment for yourself or a family member you are required to give your employer 30 days advance notice In the case of planned medical treatment You must try to schedule the medical treatment when it will not unduly disrupt your employer's business So next time you plan on being sick or plan on having someone die or birthed or anything else Make sure it does not inconvenience your employer. That is in the us law And so the difference here being that in the uk Employers are asked to give a reasonable time off to their employees when they're going through grief and in the us Employees are asked to give their employer reasonable time off when the employee is going through grief It's just a country for Perhaps not the have nots the employees have so little protection You have to ask for permission for one of your relatives to die What the fck and the last of the big leaves we're going to be talking about today The big one the elephant in the room no offense to your mother, but maternity leave and paternity leave What was that sick? We've all seen the map before the fact that the us has zero days of paid maternity leave is still Disgusting how it's not protected at all is disgusting in the uk employees can take up to 52 weeks of maternity leave And their jobs are protected for when they come back and of those 52 weeks The first six are paid at 90 of their salary the next 33 are paid at 90 or 156 pounds 66 Whichever is smaller and then the next weeks are actually unpaid But of that period you still have your 52 weeks How many how many weeks are in a year? I feel like that's a whole year like like In in America where I where I worked at least a woman got three weeks So a year So a woman got three weeks. I'm talking about push a baby out push a placenta out Maybe get your booty stitched up and didn't have to be back at work in three weeks With a newborn at the career who's watching the kid like that's crazy And I but they actually did give men leave too though when when the girls had a baby But I think I think it was like a one week or something Your job protected you still have some money coming in and you can take care of your child during the moments in which it Needs you most now when it comes to paternity leave the uk definitely falls flat here Only providing fathers with one to two weeks of paid paternity leave and of that It's that 156 pounds 66 or 90 percent your salary whichever is smaller But it is two weeks that you're allowed to take off and you also get two prenatal appointments before the birth of your child So if you need to take off to check on how the baby's doing and the mom is belly You can do that now when it comes to the us Do you remember that family and medical leave act we were talking about earlier?  Yeah, go back just how expensive you according to data collected by fair health The average cost of having vaginal delivery is between 5000 and 11 000 in most States the number higher in c-section with prices running from 75 to 40 14 50 Yeah, I remember when I had my daughter. I seen the bill.  Can't be me I was y'all got the receipt. No, I'm just playing Oh Man, I think it was I think it was like 16 17 thousand dollars when I had my daughter. I was get the hell out of here I was I'm not who who No, actually, I think it was like 11. I think it was like 11 But there's like, oh, no, don't worry about it. The government take care of it.  I'll just play I'm just playing man. If you watch this when you get older US hospital bills can be when it comes to having a child there It's no surprise how many reports are coming out of mothers going back to work within a couple days after just having a child in America So wrapping this up. Yeah. Yeah, no cap. Yeah. I've seen women go back in a week sick pay holiday pay bereavement pay And maternity leave are basic workers' rights that people in the uk and around the world get to enjoy Whereas people in the us just don't the only way an american worker can hope to get any of these basic workers' rights Is if by chance their employer just happens to out of the goodness of their heart provided Which doesn't happen very likely Which is why it's good to see that there's a large resurgence in the states of workers unions coming back into fashion starbucks amazon apple Everyone is fed up with the fact that they're not given the rights The government isn't protecting them and so people are demanding they protect themselves Forming unions and demanding the rights they deserve. How long did we have to put up with people clapping their hands for essential workers? And now that covet is for the most part cut and dried We're seeing people go. Oh, well, you're not that essential. No pay raise for you What do you want to get paid more than $15 to flip a burger? Well considering the cost of living has gone up Yes, I think they do it is really horrible that at the end of the day in the us We have to fight for those basic freedoms at the bottom But that's the case when people with a lot of money don't want things to change and I don't think they do Genuine question. Do you think within our lifetime you will see the us government step in and Provide these basic rights that every other country's citizens have had for many years I'd like to be hopeful and say yes, but the way that most american politics is run by money It's looking very doubtful, but regardless of your stance on these different types of leave leave me a comment This is very informal to things that I knew but I didn't know it was you know, I just thought it was me They was harassing like this Ah, man, if I have to go back to work, which I probably do they're gonna hate me Tell a little even like comment subscribe telling her posts to go