Welcome to this fourth lecture on the first chapter of introduction and so this is the last lecture of this chapter and in this lecture we will be focusing on the various literature sources, the data sources as well as internet sources which are related to ground water. Now, let us come to the various sources as you all know. So, this ground water it forms one of the major component of fresh water. So, therefore, right from the beginning of the human society there have been attempts to estimate or document or even present. So, the various phenomena related to ground water and it is always this ground water is in combination with surface water. So, therefore, so there have been various right from the human the beginning of the human history. So, there have been attempts and many of them are even now. So, they are existing and let us come to first let us come to this the various literature that are available in this on ground water. Firstly it is the I would like to start with the oldest ones chronologically it is the ancient books and other traditional knowledge sources. So, these are essentially in all the regions where the human civilization started. Say for example, all the river valley civilizations whether it is the Indus valley Indus river valley civilization in the present India and Pakistan or whether it is the Mesopotamian river valley civilization in Iraq or it is the Nile river valley civilization in Egypt. So, wherever this river valley civilization started. So, along with that so, there the documentation of the ground water related phenomena as well as the ground water related structures and all those things started. So, here we can mention. So, in the Indian context we can mention the Brahat Samhita written by Varaham Hira actually and of course, the original Sanskrit text it has been translated and many commentaries have been written because and here. So, because the property of Sanskrit language in which maximum meaning is conveyed in minimum letters words and sentences. So, there is a lot of room for interpretation. So, many interpretations have also been written and coming to this and also another example I can give is the Saraswathi river in the India which was earlier it is believed to be a tributary of Indus and presently it is believed to be a it is a tributary that is an unseen tributary of river Ganga joining as a third that is underground stream along with Yamuna in the city of Alhava. So, here so, this and there have been the problem with these traditional as well as ancient sources is many of them are under documented or undocumented, but still there are many proofs say for example, the entire Rajasthan in the entire state of Rajasthan. So, the present they in the middle of Rajasthan. So, there is what is presently known as Ghargarh river as one catchment. So, there is an ample groundwater reserve available and even now so, there have been many studies by few studies by the space application centre Amdabad of Indian space research organization. So, they had they are trying to bridge the gap between this undocumented or under documented ancient sources and I am sure there is a same case with whether it is the Mesopotamian river valley civilization in the present day Iraq or the Nile river valley civilization in the present day Egypt or even other the Chinese ancient river valley civilizations or even the other as one like the Israel and so on. So, now, let us come to the other sources other than this ancient books and traditional as one. So, it is the books and hand books and there have been many books and hand books on groundwater written almost in the past say 150 to 200 years either as a part of the water resources or hydrology or hydraulics books or exclusively as a part of groundwater. And also there have been many hand books which contain not necessarily on groundwater other phenomena such as hand book of hydrology, the hand book of hydraulics or hand book of say water resources and all this. So, they also constitute a very large amount of literature and so on. Next is it is the journal publications and it has been mentioned that in the past 150 years or so. So, there have been many journals related to hydrology, hydraulics or water resources groundwater and so in these journals or water resources economics in these journals more than say 55,000 of 55,000 articles they may be full length papers or they may be discussions or they may be other case studies. So, they have been published and it constitutes even a large source of literature. And now let us come to the other publications which is the conference publications and it has been in the past say 100 years or so a large number of conferences have been organized on water related issues on hydrology and hydraulics and water resources economics groundwater. And so these publications conducted by organized by various national as well as international bodies. So, they also present a large source of literature. Next it comes to the publications from the United Nations affiliated bodies. So, here so there is what is called the UN water which consists of say 28 United Nations bodies and out of them the 3 important ones I would like to list here which is the UNESCO United Nations economics this educational I am sorry educational scientific cultural organization headquartered in Paris France the World Meteorological Organization WMO the food and agricultural organization that is in headquarters in headquartered in Rome Italy. So, these are some of the 3 or 3 main UN organizations in the which constitutes a 28 United Nations bodies constituting collectively what is known as UN water. Also next it is the publications from government agencies and in this case the governments depending upon their technical capabilities in the developed countries such as USA or many European countries at Japan the former Soviet Union the present Russia as well as the council of independent states as well as the ground water board central ground water board in India. So, these so their publications so they may be in the form of handouts or they may be in the form of books or they may be in the form of say maps or they may be in the form of tables or charts or predictions. So, all these they also constitute an important form of literature pertaining to ground water. Next let me list here the publications from non-governmental organizations as well as agencies in addition to the governmental organizations. So, there have been many non-governmental organizations involved in the water sector. So, they have brought out their own publications they may be again books or they may be guidelines or they may be other resources for conserving other handouts or manuals to conserve ground water to conserve surface water in conjunction with ground water and in this I would like to mention. So, in the Indian context I would like to mention the centre for science and environment in New Delhi as well as the Gandhi peace foundation. So, as well as the so there are many other bodies which work in the area of water. So, their publications their books handouts their other maps and so these are also various and coming to next is the publications by corporate organizations and their collaborators. So, here I would like to mention the publications brought out by this World Bank, Asian Development Bank as well as other financial institutes or corporate bodies which are involved in this funding various projects related to water resources, ground water, hydrology, hydraulics and so on. So, they also form a very important source of ground water and lastly I would like to mention here all other sources even a simple this newspaper article pertaining to say ground water or ground water in conjunction with surface water and other so the magazine articles as well as the popular science articles and as well as the popular TV programs such as on the Discovery Channel the programs which are aired on the Discovery Channel and other such educational TV programs. So, they also form a very important source of literature pertaining to ground water and in the this and added to this is the recent impact of climate change and so which has resulted in the constitution of bodies such as the intergovernmental panel on climate change. So, they also they have brought out many publications case study scenarios future case study scenarios. So, all these form an important sources of literature available on the ground water. So, and as we all we should be aware that the these literature pertain to the ground water which is below the surface of earth and obviously, so the as I am reminding right from lecture one. So, there are more in so ground water represents the invisible or say less visible domain of water resources. So, there is more room for uncertainty and then more room for say error and there is more room for speculation and all this. So, therefore, all these literature which is available which I have mentioned here should be taken with a pinch of salt of course, they have to be verified. So, their authenticity, their applicability as well as their usefulness need to be verified using the basic principles of science, engineering and technology and so we should always bear in mind that so these ground water resources the literature on ground water. So, it should be relevant, it should give the useful information and it should also be willing to stand the test of time in the limited time horizon at least. Now, let us come to the various data sources which are available on ground water. So, in this as I mentioned in the literature which I was mentioning few minutes back. So, in all these literature so there is there are large amount of data sources which is available in the form of say graphs, maps as well as tables and nomograms and other and here. So, in this case so there we should also I would also like to mention here some of the traditional knowledge basis which may be under documented or under documented. Say for example, in the Indian context. So, there is a popular belief that the water from Ganga in the north is going to join the waters from the South Indian rivers or the rivers in the other regions of India such as in the west and as well as in the south. So, of course there is a need to scientifically verify these kinds of popular beliefs, but at the same time. So, there is no harm in studying in initiating studies which there is a possibility if that they may solve they may provide to be a good source of data for addressing the quality as well as quantity issues in ground water. So, here coming to the data sources the data presented in books the data presented in hand books as I mentioned. So, there are various hand books which are published on ground water or hydrology, hydraulics as well as the data presented in journal and here we should also remember that data does not essentially mean the numerical data. It may also include the data presented in the form of graphs, in the form of charts or in the form of maps in addition to the statistical or numerical data as well as the data published in the presented and published in the conference publications or say symposia or seminar and all these. So, they constitute the major sources of data available on ground water. First it is the data presented or data which is available from the UN affiliated bodies as I was mentioning it is the UN water consisting of say 28 UN bodies out of them. So, few that is I have already mentioned about say UNESCO, the World Meteorological Organization, the Food and Agricultural Organization. You may wonder why this Food and Agricultural Organization is also such a major reason because so water goes hand in hand with food and for growing food. So, there are the water is a major requirement and so therefore, the food and agriculture represents the major consumer of water resources. So, therefore, food and agriculture organization, so they have evolved their own methods for estimating the water which is available at present as well as estimating water in the immediate future. So, therefore, and added to that, so there are say the UNESCO, it has a special portal on water and in this UNESCO water portal, so the discharges of the various rivers, the maximum discharge, the minimum discharge, the annual maximum discharge, the annual minimum discharge as well as the monthly average discharge for all the rivers in the world. So, they have been presented in tabular form and so they include the largest river in the world in terms of discharge that is the Amazon river in South American continent which is the most water rich continent in the world as well as the rivers which are flowing through the deserts in Africa or in say few rivers such as the Nile river and so they have been also presented in this UNESCO, the discharges of selected rivers and so there are other data like such as the world water assessment program, the international hydrology program that is IHP, the world water assessment program that is WWAP, the global water partnership which is the partnership between UN bodies such as World Meteorological Organization, UNESCO as well as other world food and agricultural organization. So, all this, so they constitute, they have presented the data related to groundwater in general as well as groundwater and surface water in ground water in particular, ground water and surface water in general in the form of various maps, charts, numerical or statistical data as well as graphs and so they constitute some of the major ones and here I would like, I would also like to mention the intergovernmental panel on climate change and coming to the other data that is available. So, here I would like to mention the data which has been published by the various government agencies say like in the Indian context, the Ministry of Water Resources, so they have published the data pertaining to the nonclassified rivers. Unfortunately, so the Indian government is always associated with water conflicts with neighbors earlier it was Bangladesh and presently it is also with Pakistan in terms of this one. So, therefore, for the nonclassified rivers of India, so the data pertaining to groundwater as well as groundwater and surface water is published in what is known as the integrated hydrological data book which can be easily purchased or even it can be downloaded as one and in case of US it is USGS database. So, this USGS database, so it is one of the very extensive database which pertains to the rainfall or precipitation as well as it pertains to runoff. So, here in terms of this rainfall, so all the 58 contiguous states of US main land, so they have been divided into say various meteorological zones and as well as smaller regions. So, depending upon the altitude of a region, the distance from the coast as well as other features, so this USGS database pertaining to precipitation as well as the USGS database pertaining to the runoff. So, in which all the rivers have been classified into the different basins and each river has been given an 8 digit code the first 2 digits representing the basin, the third and fourth digit representing the sub basin, the fifth and sixth digit representing the mini basin or the small basin and the seventh and eighth digit representing the micro basin or the smallest basin which is also known as hydrologic unit. So, like this every river tributary has been given a numerical code and then accordingly, so its data has been the data pertaining to the surface water as well as surface water and ground water in that basin has been presented. In the Indian context, it is the CWC database in India which consists of the various gaging stations. So, these gaging stations have been divided into the gaging stations which provide the data on simply gage as well as discharge which is essentially surface water data and there are few gaging stations which also provide data in terms of gage discharge then sedimentation and water quality as well as the NRSA the national remote sensing agency maps published in India. So, like that, so there have been other the data maintained and published by the river basin authorities such as the Bhakra Bias Management Board, the Brahmaputra Board as well as the other the Narmada control authority or in case of say USA, it is the St. John's water district in Florida and so even in many other European as well as the Asian agencies, there have been many agencies which maintain the data related to river basin and obviously, they also maintain the ground water related data in that particular basin and added to in addition to this, so the data maintained by state and local government agencies some of the state as well as local government agencies in developing countries such as India, the developed countries such as USA as well as Europe, Japan and other countries. So, they have maintained a very good data again in the form of say statistical data graphs, maps, charts and all these. So, depending upon this one, they have a very good monitoring network and so their data is also one of the next is the data from say non-governmental organizations or agencies. So, in this case in the Indian context, I would like to mention the citizens report brought out by the Center for Science and Environment. So, so far they have brought out the data book on the 5 citizens report on environment in the state of the environment especially the 5th citizens report which contains one source which is essentially the statistical data pertaining to say other environmental related issues which in which water in general and ground water is also very important. So, and of course, there are other non-governmental agencies working in the water sector. So, they have also brought out many they have also published collected and published data from their various studies and next it is the data from the corporate or corporate organizations and their water bodies. So, here I would like to mention the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank as well as other funding agencies which have funded various water resources as well as ground water related programs. So, the surface water and ground water interaction and all these so the data published from these also constitute and next is the data from other sources. So, here in this case the data from other sources it could be even say simple school text book or it could be from a TV program, the popular science program or it could be from any other sources such as a newspaper article or it could be even from this popular science fiction books or so they also have presented a large amount of data pertaining to ground water. So, these are some of the data sources which are available in this ground water and now let us come to the last part related to the ground water data which is the internet data source as it is evident now. So, the internet forms a large amount of data source which is essentially it is an online library. So, earlier there used to be the actual libraries wherein the data in the form of say books or even say other databases. So, it was physically stored and it was being accessed by various so on. These days it is the internet which is the basically the information super highway. So, in this there is a large amount of data source and here I would like to mention the online libraries, the online databases maintained by the publishing the journal publishing houses as well as various professional organizations, their websites, online libraries, databases and so on. So, here so it is the this is a vast source and this most of the data which has been which is available in the either as a literature or as a data source is also available in these days as a source on internet and of course, due to their commercial one. So, it may not be available fully, but at least a significant amount of that is available in the form of data source. Here in the journal publishing houses I would like to mention here say few of the two of the most important journals related to ground water that is the ground water journal as well as the journal of hydrology. So, these journals so they have the ground water journal so they maintains a large amount of database and online library. So, which can be accessed by doing a simple internet search and so it contains the information about the books, the journal articles, the databases as well as other sources and so on. So, which is very much useful especially in the areas especially in places where we may not find the physical sources of ground water related literature or data. And also the UN agencies so they have also maintained and they are maintaining the online libraries as well as databases I was mentioning the UN water consisting of say 28 United Nations bodies or agencies. And in this case the recent the IPCC publications, the intergovernmental panel on climate change, the world water forum, its data, the stock home water and other so on. So, these also constitute a vast amount of internet sources. Next is the online libraries, the databases of government agencies some of the government agencies especially in the US and other developed countries. So, they maintain a large amount of database on the studies and so here I would like to mention the USGS real time database in which we can get the data pertaining to the discharge of this in the river in the surface water bodies such as rivers as well as the water table data in the observation networks in the these data stations or gauging stations. And so there is here I would like to mention also about this what store it is the national water data storage and retrieval system of USA like that. So, there are other online databases libraries which constitute a large amount of data which is available online. So, coming to this the internet as well as the data sources and in the Indian context it is the here the national centre for medium range forecasting weather forecasting. So, this is a centre pertaining to so on. So, here it the weather forecasting is done and based on this weather. So, depending upon the that is the ground water abstraction making suitable assumptions in the surface water so on. So, there is a possibility there is a there is a very good chance that we can do a reasonable estimate of the ground water availability the depth of ground water and as well as other as one. So, and there are other there are also other agency say like in India there is what is called the national institute of ocean technology N I O T in Chennai. So, they have done a very useful study on this desalination of sea water. So, as to provide fresh water and they have done a very good study on the fresh water sea water interface. And so, it provides a very good this one because it is mentioned that. So, this in spite of all the studies on this all the studies as well as literature as well as data which is available on ground water which constitutes a major source of fresh water. So, still there is a need that because of the adverse impacts of climate change and global warming. So, the water resources the fresh water resources are getting depleted quantitatively as well as they are getting polluted qualitatively. So, therefore, so this the study on this fresh water sea water interface as well as the study on desalination and using and generating fresh water which obviously which is being done in nature in the form of hydrologic cycle. So, through evaporation and then so the storage of the atmospheric moisture which has evaporated from the surface water bodies into the clouds and then subsequent condensation and precipitation. So, here so this desalination represents the artificial way of this one that is the artificial replication of the natural hydrologic cycle or water cycle. So, and also it is said that in the world. So, more than say 50 percent of the global population it is estimate the exact estimate is around say 60 percent of the global population lives in a region close to the coast which is within say 100 kilometers of the coast. So, therefore, so there have been attempts in the Middle East as well as in India, in say USA as well as other regions on the this that is the desalination aspect as well as producing fresh water. So, they it also represents large amount of data pertaining to this one and added to that. So, there have been say the artificial say this is the groundwater recharge guidelines, guidelines for water harvesting say guidelines for say groundwater pollution mitigation etcetera. So, such guidelines have been published by various government agencies as well as various non-governmental agencies and other professional the organizations. So, these guidelines so they are based on the case studies which are existing which are pertaining to groundwater and so these also present a large amount of very useful information as to how to address the issues of the groundwater decrease in quantity as well as quality. And also there have been other sources on groundwater and many times. So, there are many undocumented or under documented this literature pertaining to groundwater and many experts on groundwater. So, they have formed their own networks and they have formed their own sources of literature or data and many of these sources and literature. So, they are also available the online and this one. So, these form some additional sources of groundwater. So, essentially so our objective this in this through this chapter 1 which is on introduction in this we discussed about the background the we discussed about the historical background. We discussed about the groundwater utilization we discussed about the ground water its position or its status in the hydrologic cycle. We also discussed the ground water budget which is based on the mass conservation principles. We discussed the ground water level fluctuations and the environmental influence and lastly we discussed about the various literature data as well as internet sources or resources which are available related to ground water. So, this completes the first chapter on introduction and in the next chapter we will discuss on the occurrence as well as moment of ground water. So, thank you and so we will in the next the second chapter the next lecture will be on the second chapter on say ground water occurrence and movement. Thanks you. Thank you. Bye.


So today, we're going to be talking about online threats, specifically to any platform. WordPress, of course, is very prominent and very important. But website security is much larger than just WordPress. Quickly, who I am, obviously, I work at Suguri. I've been there for about five years, and we focus predominantly on all types of website threats from attacks to malware distribution, malware incompromises, things like that. And what I've learned there is, over the years, I have really two main philosophies, right? We always talk about the responsibilities that we have as WordPress users or open source users and the freedoms that we have with those platforms. But we rarely talk about the responsibilities that we have being online, right? We have a responsibility to ensure that the content being distributed is safe, that the users coming to our site are being safe, and that we have a responsibility to be good stewards of the internet. And I think you'll get that overall trend as we continue this conversation. And so I was thinking of a conversation I was having with the marketing team recently, and they pulled this image up, and I remember looking at this and thinking to myself, oh my gosh, what's going on in this image? And it wasn't until they explained it to me that I realized what it was. And it's actually a grocery store, and those are lanes of information. And you notice this overwhelming feeling or this concept of sensory overload. And I feel this is where we're at in website security these days. There's a threat, there's a compromise, there's a hack. Oh my God, we're press security, it's falling apart, right? And this continues to go through our mind and this is a concept of sensory overload.  Either way, we don't feel what's happening. And the challenge I think comes that we always think very one-dimensionally. We think of WordPress by itself, but in reality, WordPress is but one component of a much larger environment. And in many instances, for you ages and developers, your environments look more like this. You may have a server, an account, and one of these shared hosts, and you have multiple sites and multiple applications in that environment. And you think one-dimensionally and say, hey, I'm focusing on my WordPress environment, but you don't think about anything else that's sitting within that same environment that may be contributing to it. So with that being said, let's go get ahead and get our top 10 tips out, right? We go on Google, we search, this is what's gonna find, right? Update everything, watch your version, watch your admin user backup plan, have a good host, cure a PHP execution, perfect. Everybody feel pretty comfortable with those things? We've heard them, probably regurgitated over and over again. Now let's talk about what's really happening, okay? And the first thing I always like to start upfront is let's get to the root of the problem. And in case you're wondering what the root of the problem is, it's every one of you in this room. Not to sound aggressive about it, right? But it's every website owner, because the fact is that all of us have been educated to get online quickly, five minute installs, get up-line, create a business, you can sell, you can push content. Nobody's taking the time to say, hey, there's a responsibility for this. Hey, once you get online, you're part of a much larger ecosystem, and you can contribute to the overall experience in that ecosystem. Nobody's told us that. The hosts don't tell us that. Our agencies don't tell us that because nobody wants to scare you. But the fact of the matter is that most of the compromises happening are because we as website owners are not taking the time to understand what our responsibilities are with that site. Things like basic administration and maintenance. Those are the things that lead to compromises. They aren't the vulnerabilities, they're just the results. But if you just do basic things, you would improve your overall security posture. And so I always like to talk about the how, how are these things happening? And I always start with kind of the environment. WordPress is at the very top. It's part of multiple layers of infrastructure and environmental and configurations. Every one of those act as a potential attack vector to your environment. Time and time again, we deal with reinfections, sites being compromised, and we ask ourselves, why is that?  Or, oh, maybe we use the environment for multiple purposes. Maybe we use it as an email server, as well as a CPAN or environment, as well as a database server. Yet we don't focus it strictly as a web server. Yet there's all these other components and we always think, oh, it's WordPress. But it's so much larger than that. And we have to remember that when we work with complex environments, complex things break in complex ways. And you cannot just pinpoint one thing. And in many instances, it's the website owner. Oh, I did, I forgot to upgrade. I use password 123 one more time. We should not be having that conversation. So now let's look at some other vectors that you may not think about, right? We have access. I just talked about that, username and password. Things like brute force attacks. Things like access controls. But access controls extends beyond the application. It goes to the server. It goes to your CPAN or administration. It goes to your account. It goes to your DNS. Anywhere you can log in is a potential access point to your environment. And any one of those can manipulate your environment. We have things like the environment. Things like poor isolation. How many people have one account and a shared host with 100 sites on there? Maybe you have a dev environment in there. Maybe you have a staging environment in there. That doesn't work like that. If you're dev and your staging environment are in your production environment, then it's all just one big dev and staging environment.  We do very poor functional isolation. We use the web server for multiple purposes. We have to stop that. We have things like the software. Of course, the software's a lot harder. Even developers can't keep up with the challenge in the software. But that's why we have maintenance strategies. That's why we update. That's why we back up. Things like that. Those are all things that reduce our overall risk and ensure that we're prepared in the event of an incident. And then lastly is the awareness. Because let's face it, right? I'm probably the only one in this room that really cares about security, right? You guys are all here because you heard there's an issue and somebody said you gotta go to this talk. But awareness is very important. What are you protecting? Why are you protecting it? How do these things happen? These things help educate you. And through education and awareness is how we combat this. Taking a few minutes to come and sit here is the first step in that process. I do want to talk about one thing, denial of service. We're continuing to see an increase in attacks around denial of service. Denial of service is a little bit different than the attack vectors I spoke of. Because the attack vectors I spoke of are ways to manipulate and gain access to your environment and use it for other purposes. But what if individuals can hold your availability of your site hostage? What if you're dependent on selling, you have e-commerce site and the attackers can take you down or hold you hostage and say, you'll pay me $10,000 or I will take your site down all of Cyber Monday. It's happening more and more. Attackers are using this to overwhelm your resources, overwhelm the servers and take control of your environment and force you to pay them. And hey, they don't have access to your environment, they're just overloading your resources. So with that, how are these attacks happened? And mostly they're automated. Whether it's a targeted attack or whether it's a targeted opportunity, most of them are targeted and they all follow the same linear process. There's a step of reconnaissance. What is the website built on? What kind of server is it? What do they have on the server? We then identify, oh, okay, it's WordPress. What version is it? Oh, it's 1.5, perfect. I know there's a hundred different vulnerabilities that I can exploit. We then make an attack and we say, hey, this is what it is, they have TimTum, I'm going to exploit it, I'm going to upload my file, I now have access. Now I have access, what do I want to do? Do I want to distribute malware? But maybe I don't want to distribute malware. Maybe I want to add your website as part of my network so that I can attack other people. Hey, maybe I want to use your website to fish other accounts. Maybe I'm interested in Sony and I'm going to attack them via a fishing lure and I'm going to use your website to push it through their domain because your domain will get whitelisted. That is how critical we are to the overarching internet ecosystem. Once that decision's been made and they understand what they want to do, there's always this piece of sustainment. How do I make sure that I can regain access to the environment without using the same steps? Because if I use the same steps over and over again, I'm more than likely going to get figured out and I don't want to get figured out as a bad guy. So understanding this helps us think, what do I do through this process? Do I know who's logging in? Do I know if files are changing? These are things you should be asking yourself and these are important questions. You could even ask your agency. How do I know if something changes in my environment? The very common question I get is why? Why would anybody hack me? I only have a little website. Nobody cares about my website. But you're wrong. Somebody does care about your website. You. And maybe it's you and one other reader. You know what? But it's two of you now. And it grows. Okay? And so let's look at the why. The very obvious one is revenue, right? Everybody wants to make some cheddar, right? And that's what that allows them to do. You have an audience. Not everybody sells. I get it. But you're online for a reason. Either to push content, brand awareness, brand evangelism. All of you love SEO. You all want to be a number one in search rankings for whatever it is you're writing. If not, why do you have a website? Unless you're a Fortune 100 that just feels like I must because marketing is complaining. Happens all the time. But for us in this ecosystem, we have websites for a purpose. We share information. We engage with our audiences. That is valuable. We rank in search engine result pages. Those are very, very valuable to the attackers as well. There's the lows. I can almost guarantee you that one of your teenagers are at home trying to hack somebody right now. A majority of them are between 16 and 18 years old. Look at the kids that just hacked the CIA directors and the FBI director's emails. They were bored at home. Why? Because we made it too easy. Because we used admin one, two, three, four, five. Why not? Ask your kid, why do you do something? Why not, dad? Well, with that kind of rationale, how can you argue? Resources.  If I can gain control of your server and use your server added to my network, I can attack other environments. And guess what? It doesn't affect me. You get knocked out.  What do I care? At least I used you for a little bit. And so what are some of the effects of this? So I talked to you about the attacks and how they happen. So what can they do? Why do you should you care? You have things like search engine poisoning. Search engine poisoning is where I can take advantage of your search engine result page rankings in Google, in Bing, in Yahoo, and abuse them. So somebody goes and searches, I don't know, happy cats. And maybe you ranked number one for happy cats, right? And you just write a lot of stuff about happy cats. Well, now it's happy cats with Viagra. And you're like, that's not where I was going with it, right? And here's the thing. Google now is saying, hey, you know what? We're done playing around. And they're coming out with new rules that are saying, if you get caught with this site may be compromised, or that you may have an issue, they're going to start removing you off the search engine result pages. And there's one thing that I know about Google is that they love to take you off the search engine result pages. And they're never too eager to do it at the same pace in the reverse. I don't know why they do that. But this is going to impact you. Now think, how would that affect you as an organization if you depend on that website, either for an audience or for engagement, or maybe even e-commerce? Maybe they can't find you anymore. You have things like drive-by downloads. Drive-by downloads is the distribution of malware. And their emphasis is a target of endpoints. These are the things that we hear about. Trojans in your environment that steal your financial information.   I hope you don't do banking on that computer. I can guarantee you, we all use the same computer for everything. We go on the same computer for our finances as we do for Facebook, as we do for social, as well as we do for whatever else we do in our private time. Right? And here's the thing. It's highly conditional. These days, mobile is a huge target. And we know this. We see it in our traffic, right? Everybody's coming mobile. Everybody talks mobile. Everybody's got to be responsive. Everybody's got to be secure, right? And it's happening more and more.  And so we can put payloads that say, hey, if you come in from a droid device using this configuration, using this browser, target them. But you, looking at your site, like, I don't know why people are complaining. I don't see anything wrong with this. And it's growing. And what happens is this then leads to things like blacklisting. Did you know that Google's blacklisting about 10 to 11,000 sites a day now that they've seen over the past year 180% increase in the number of infections that are occurring and the number of blacklists that are resolving? Did you know that a blacklist can kill your traffic up to 90, 95% for about 48 to about five days once you get blacklisted? Now, I don't know what kind of websites you guys have. But I can tell you if my website went down for that long, I would have a problem. The board would be yelling at me. There'd be a lot of angry people. Then we have things like defacement. This is usually associated with the Lowell section of kids, like, oh, I got x, and gain access. Let me just show you how weak your security is. The bigger the organization, the better it is to do the defacement. The more credit. It's about street cred, right? Like, yeah, I did that. I mean, I've never done that. I'm just letting you know that that's what they do. And so security is about risk management, right? It's about reducing risk. But we have to understand it's about expectation management. I know all of you that have projects in here understand expectation management. And what I want you to manage is that risk will never be zero. If you come to me and you say, oh, how do I make this stop forever? I said, we can't even have a conversation, bro. We're not even on the same wavelengths because it will never be zero. All you can do is implement things to help reduce that risk. And so I want you to think of security in terms of an onion, multiple layers, specifically this concept of defense and depth. In defense and depth, you implement multiple controls throughout your entire stack. Maybe it's simple auditing to understand who's logging in. Maybe it's simple monitoring. Maybe it's a protective layer of some kind. Maybe it's just having your host online or understanding what it is. All these controls mesh together, reduce your overall risk. No one singular event does that. And I always start with this concept of people, process, and technology. The pillars of security that we've failed to talk about, what do we talk about? We talk about technology. What plug-in do I install? How do I configure this? But the technology is nothing without the people. The processes are nothing without the people. It's you who configures it. You know how many people have signed up for a product and said, I'm set, I'm good, that you never configured it.  I was like, you know what, I don't know. I have no idea. I know someone who can relate with that. We have to start educating on the basis of security. I got the note like the 10 minutes, so I'm gonna push it a little bit. And so security starts with good posture. And I always like to focus on five areas when we talk about posture. We look at things like protection. How do I make the attack stop? And we already understand how the attacks happen. So now we can start looking at implementing things to help that through that process. We look at things like detection. Do I even know that I'm compromised? If I do, what am I gonna do? And that gets into our response. How do I ensure that if something happens, and if I'm being attacked, I know what to do? And maybe it's just about talking to your host and saying, what are the protocols for this? Your host may happen that. If you have a managed environment, they may do this for you. But do you even know? That's the question. In basic security, I don't have to really discuss this. I don't have to talk about things like maintenance because it's an understood thing. But in this environment, I have found that more and more we have to bring up this point of maintenance, the point of administration. Because website owners have always been told it's easy, you get along and you're done. But it's not that simple. You have a responsibility. And then best practice and principles. And what I mean by that are things like least privilege, the idea that you give people the access that they require, only when they're required and when they're done, you remove it. It's a pretty basic idea. And I know what some of you aging guys are gonna tell me. You don't understand, Tony. I have this client and he wants to be an administrator. I found the plugin that allows you to manipulate permissions. You can create an administrator role, take all the administrator privileges away, and then give that to your owner and say, you are now an administrator, sir. Works every time. They're like, I'm an administrator? I'm like, yep. What can I do? Everything you want. That's what I'm talking about. There are no absolutes in security. I want you to go home with that, right? There are no absolutes. This is a constantly evolving space. But I do wanna leave you with a few notes. First is access control. Focus on your access control. How you access. Things like multi-factor authentication, two-factor authentication. These are really important concepts. It's why you see them being employed. Things like strong user names and passwords. Very important. Software vulnerabilities.  So look for tech that's gonna help you with that. You really, I can barely stay up with it and we focus on security 24-7. How are you gonna do it on a part-time basis? It's not a DIY project. Lastly, this is something you can easily do. Backups. I can't even tell you how many people we've seen compromised and have no backups. And they come in and they're like, hey, because you know what they love to do in the Loles, just a quick side note?  Right click, oh, I can delete? RMRF? Shoot. That's what I'm talking about. RMRF, gone.  Like, I'm sorry, we don't fix through osmosis. Right? Backups will save you. And the last thing is search console. This is a great tool. Google loves to tell you they're about to give you a bad day. They're like, hey, check this out, bro. In 48 hours, you're gonna get blacklisted. And they say it with a smile. And you're like, it doesn't sound very fun. But at least they tell you. But if you're not registered, you'll never know. And every other search engine does this. Yandex does this. Google Search does this. Bing does this. So subscribe, they're free. They'll scrawl you and they find the issue. They'll notify you. And so before I end, I wanna leave you with these six questions. Questions just to ask yourself to understand what your security posture is. What will your host do in the event of an incident?  And then they'll notify you.  If they notify you. And then you freak out. Then you don't know what to do.  I hate this internet thing. Why do I have a website? Do you have a plan in the event of an incident? Just knowing who to call will be important. Who can you call? Is it your developer? Really, is it? I can tell you, I talk to a lot of developers and they're like, they better not call me. Right? It's just the way it is. How do you protect against the known and unknowns? Do you have the resources for that? Maybe you do. I can tell you that even the largest of organizations don't have the resources for it. And how important is your online investment? So you have an online investment. Maybe you paid 100 bucks. Maybe that's the only 100 bucks you had. Maybe that meant everything for you. Maybe that can change your life. Does it? And so with that, I always leave with this note. Security is not a singular event or action. It begins with good posture and good posture is attained through appropriate risk management. Risk is appropriately managed through a layer defense model and the responsibility starts and stops with every one of you.  I got this. I got this. And then lastly, we've been doing a competition on Fine Tony and these fine ladies win. Susan Reed designed, so come up and we have your gift later if you're in here. And then lastly, you know, Daniel and I thank you for all the support. This community has always given us. And that's it. That's all I got. Questions? I promise I won't yell. No, not now. You don't have to come over right now. I'm not gonna give you guys hugs right now. We're in the middle of a conversation. Later, ladies, later. My goodness. Sit, sit, sit, sit. What questions can I help answer? Or maybe just make you more confused. I don't know. Don't be scared. Okay. Everybody wants to get up to Matt. I don't see any questions. So thank you guys very much and I'll see you guys upstairs.


agenda on my phone so okay I can share my screen if that helps and you'll be able to see the full agenda that would be great for me I'm happy to try to great thanks here so call the meeting to order for 11 p.m. first agenda item is to have the motion to approve the agenda that we accept agenda as as presented I will second that thanks all in favor I okay we have an agenda anybody in public form hearing none we'll move on to the approval of the minutes minutes have been distributed yeah I move to approve the minutes of February 17th 2021 as presented I'll second that all right in favor hi hi and it's been approved just one thing I wanted to ask about the implements data is there I wanted to look at the data and sort of a year over year basis and I was curious to know if I could get the Excel document that backs up the PDF yeah absolutely most of this Tim is is literally pulling from this chart right here the year over year yeah versus month year over year data us and that's what that chart does but yeah this is this is exactly what it is it's just a pretty large Excel file yeah if you wouldn't mind sending that to me I just wanted what I want to chart is for the percentage change year over year so absolutely build it myself and send you back the file you like to kick down and we could also incorporate that as well in the future ones if oh that would be great yep perfect okay thank you Nick yep Tim are you offering yourself up to all of us who might have Excel questions one well I do it for a living this I'll do for free all right anything else Nick or anybody else wants to add to the employment numbers no I think I think you got most of it I you know I think the recovery is the recovery is on its way right you can see this is January months it's it's not in apples to apples with a normal schedule obviously because of COVID January 2020 of course we have not we did not hit the COVID restrictions that the state of Vermont put on so as you go through and you that's where you'll see it March with about half the implements April what's pretty interesting is you can see that that trend line almost identical to the normal trend line and regular years which is which is pretty interesting to look at and then the recovery is is approaching even in March and April the airline schedule has has changed and we'll start seeing that in May and beyond as the months go on Nick did you talk about the difference between just last week and this week and the week before you know we're going up you know from I think we were hit 900 to 2000 now we're at 2800 and you know certainly we're in school vacation mode so some of that is because of that but you know what's really nice is be the conversations we've had with the airlines you know we had one today with jet blue and everybody has gone ho for coming back to Burlington and understands what we've been through you know we we've had the lowest desk I believe in the country and that's reflective of the actions we've taken that have an adverse effect on our business but we do believe it's going to bounce back pretty aggressively and we're talking July you should see a more normal month good to hear very standing in that direction Jeff monger is should be online in just a second as well there he is thanks for the text Jeff can you hear us Jeff monger Jeff we don't hear you I don't know if you're hearing us and you can you hear me now we hear you know we don't see and I get this you hear us Jeff this is not fun it won't there Jeff we're hearing you are you not hearing us shelly you still here Shelby vaguely Jeff can you hear us what don't we keep hoping he can all right go ahead keep going I just can't seem to get the video working okay we do hear you Jeff if you hear us thanks Jeff okay next item on our agenda action Chamberlain school HVAC upgrade Larry is that you or Nick yeah I can I can give a brief background on that it's pretty a pretty detailed in the memo there but just to reiterate some history a couple years ago we did an acoustical test of the Chamberlain elementary school in South Burlington this of course was part of the noise mitigation program and the first facility that we did an acoustical test as part of the noise insulation program the school was not eligible for a full noise insulation package however so that they can keep the windows closed and keep the interior noise levels low they were eligible for an HVAC upgrade so that's what this contract is just earlier this year we went out to bid for an HVAC system upgrade as well as a grant that was awarded for a hundred percent funding of this project East ECI came in at the lower lower bid at about one point nine million dollars with the contingency in there and that's what we're requesting today to move forward for a contract approval and to move this project forward we are on schedule for construction for this summer when the students are out of session it did come in as far as what we applied for a grant significantly below what the price was to so our grant easily covers this okay so and will all the construction be done this summer will it be completed yes okay so aren't any questions I was just going to make the formal motion to to move to approve and recommend to the city council the tenor into a contract with angle of construction for the Chamberlain school work their second all second all second all second okay any more discussion okay all those in favor I anyone opposed I great I assume that all in favor passes unanimously all right chair Munger are you prepared to we see you we hear you okay you take over on item number six sure I'll try it looks like we're looking for Marie for the financial package very good I'll take it away then so you have this month's financial package thank you very much Nick this is helpful so the first thing I have here is just a quick summary of we received 8.7 million dollars in our first cares act and this is how we've been spending it so as of we got a we got a bunch of money yesterday from the FAA so everything that we have on there has actually been paid and drawn down which is fantastic we have 2.5 million dollars remaining out of that 8.7 that we started with and the which we will continue to spend as the year progresses after we do that we are we were awarded four million dollars in the second round of stimulus money and so I talk about that a little bit for below we are anticipating we've applied for we've been allocated the money for this grant under the formulation that the FAA has conducted and we are anticipating receiving this grant whenever they send them out we know it they will be sending it out we don't know whether it's in a week but the good news is we're able to update I can update just a little bit there has been a congressional notification that was sent out yesterday or the day before which is a really good indication that this is this four million dollar cursa grant is approaching. Thank you that's excellent and in addition we will be able to regardless of the date we receive the grant it goes back we can apply it toward expenses that go back to the end of December so we will we still have bandwidth when our current grant to cover upcoming expenses for the next couple of months so we are positioned pretty well and in addition the money that just got approved at the end of last week so we're talking about five six days ago by the Congress and Senate does have some provisions in there for airports. We are going to be we are hopeful and expecting it looks like we will be able to get some additional stimulus money under that we have not been it's too early for us to have been told there's you know some preliminary numbers but it potentially could be certainly more than the second package so and and maybe even closer to the first package so we don't really know yet and I want to be careful about saying what we're getting because we don't know what we're getting until they go through the formulation the calculations and give us a formal notification on that so that's just something that is looking is that part of the state grant no this is separate this is the bite in package that they just came out with you know the what is it how many trillion was it that the big pack yeah how many yeah 1.9 or something yeah we don't we don't get anything hell in from the state the state we get about a half a million dollars a year but no stimulus money at all from the state right in the state grant from that was about a billion okay but this is separate okay yeah we don't get any assistance they okay the federal government the debt coverage score that we have we are about 1.47 as of the end of January that does take into account these monies that you're seeing on the chart that we're getting under the cares act the year-to-date revenues for January were they're about compared if you remove the cares act money for a minute we're about six million dollars less than we were a year ago year-to-date on our revenue so that is the effect of just having so fewer people fly or landing these are down a garage revenues are down and you know I sort of lay out and hear the the biggest shifts and that we have seen in year compared to prior years with our revenues so the garage we can see elicit it out oh whoops the I take that back the operating revenues are approximately seven point seven million dollar lower from prior year the largest revenue changes our parking fees are about three point one million dollars lower car rental come this is through January so seven months rental cars about a million almost one point one million cfcs are seven hundred and eighty five thousand dollars lower and landing fees are seven hundred and eight thousand dollars lower so you know you have the profit and loss all the revenues and expenses so you compare all the lines you know as you as you like to do that the experience through the end of January or the beginning that's through the end of January through January 31st so it's including seven months of our revenues the expenses year to date are seven million and seventy six thousand right now that's about a million dollars lower if you look at compared to a year ago and some of that has to do with timing of expenses last year we were you know and I think we'll we'll see that that not be as maybe not be as as big next month and some that just has to do with timing of repairs and timing of when we pay for de-icing or even when we order the winter as we started was not quite as bad as we would see in the typical year so some of those expenses didn't happen through the end of January but we've seen some of those things some of those bills coming in as we started to get snow and started to have those invoices coming in we're seeing some of those things come through a little bit higher in February so but still we are definitely trending lower spending less money this year than we did last year on our operating expenses where it makes sense so I sort of list out the largest areas that we have seen the decreases in and you know why you know maintenance repair and maintenance our equipment repairs we haven't had quite as many things break this year we are spending less in marketing and our salaries a little bit lower and our overtime is definitely lower so again we track these month by month because things like overtime if we have a lot of need to call the the guys in the maintenance crew and they're not a guy so the maintenance crew and to do snow removal we have to keep things safe and we will continue to do that so we have months that are higher and overtime than we will see in other months the next bullet is talking about the aip receivable that was at the as of February 28th it was about 3.5 million dollars I can tell you we just received two and a quarter million dollars from the FAA yesterday and I anticipate by the end of this week or early next week we'll receive about another uh 270 thousand dollars so we're constantly we these are reimbursement grants so we put in those requests so we spend the money we pay the vendors or pay the invoices and then we submit to the FAA for reimbursement and we do not owe any money right now under the grant anticipation note the cash update so as of February 28th we had 11.1 million dollars in our airport in our main checking account and we did not owe the city any money the next bullet is talks a little bit we had a lot of activity going on um with the bond refinancing and yesterday we officially closed on those bonds so they were sold last week and I wanted to communicate sort of the high level items that were important that I thought you might be interested in in the bond so they were they were pretty well received in the market these are taxable just that how we had to deal with this time because we're refunding existing bonds so we didn't have an option to do them as non-taxable like municipals normally do um the let's see we are postponing the the fundamental of two years of debt principle and interest we have a little bit of interest that will be paying the second year in but we've been able to postpone those payments and we we bonded for them essentially and we'll be paying small amounts out each year our bond payments that will make each and every year will be very very stable and be very level and then the last two years um we'll have the biggest part of the payoffs we have another bond that'll be falling off those payments and so we're able to um again keep them pretty level and stable as we go forward the average coupon price on these bonds that we sold and just closed on yesterday was 2.9 percent that is the coupon uh you know the average actual cost that we will be paying and uh so the next bullet in order to sell the bonds we had them rated by moody's and i'd included the number of things at the end of the package or as part of the package so i have a chart here moody's they were very optimistic it was a very good meeting that we had with them and they affirmed our airport credit rating which is baa2 and they gave us uh affirmed our stable outlook i gave you a chart there so you can see because for those uh it's interesting to look at where we were back in 2012 and where we have gone forward you know there were some tough years financially for the airport and that was not viewed very well by the rating agencies that um even in the middle of a pandemic and everything else moody's had a lot of very positive recognize where the airport is today and how well prepared we were coming into our solo for example our cash reserves and all of the things that have been done to mitigate the effects and the risk of the unknown certain uncertainty of the covid so i've included those things i've also thought it might be interesting there was a press release the mayor did so i've included that i thought you'd be interested to read that and if you in case you didn't see that come out in another way and i also included the moody moody's rating because i thought that would be very interesting as well does anybody have any questions on those sorts of things so you have the rest of the packet is what i normally do um the profit and loss summary is through the end of january the aip receivable and the cash are through the end of february and our debt coverage score that you see before you is through the end of january so those are the highlights of the financial information for this month anybody have any questions yeah i just wanted for moody so did do i remember correctly that you had said once this these new bonds got issued that we wouldn't be tracking the debt coverage score anymore you're correct tim and you have a good memory so for this current year that we are in fiscal year 2021 which ends june 30th we do have a requirement of a debt coverage service score and that is because we make our payments on the principal and interest we actually make them on the first day of the year the biggest portion of our payment so we that's a long gone we did that july 1st and again january 1st we would have paid interest so we paid all of our debt service that was required this year so we are absolutely subject to the debt coverage score calculation starting in july of so 2021 so fiscal year 22 of the year that's coming up we will have no debt so we will have no debt score calculation there's no there's no calculation to be made under under the bond covenant so we got a bit of a reprieve and time to recover fully from as the the the pandemic comes you know gets less and comes to an end or however that plays out we do anticipate having quite a rise in the payments but it will take some time to get back to the full levels that we were at right and then once we start making payments under the new bonds then we would resume some type of liquidity ratio again right or no correct okay okay thank you yeah and we'll still be able to calculate things like debt debt you know i'm not dead days cash on hand there'll be some liquidity issues that they will be looking at the rating agencies will continue to want to see where we are and remaining strong but the debt coverage score we will get that will be a mute point for a little bit okay thank you any other questions so do I have a motion to accept Marie's report and place it on file so moved do I have a second second all in favor hi hi um 6.02 is our construction update uh I assume that Larry is um on board yes um fairly minimal because of our you know just having our last meeting and then the one in between so I'll just go right quickly um so the and just in the last couple days with the good weather we're seeing we will be starting the air carrier ramp apron phases seven dash one and six a next week that's new since I posted this update so that's good news we've got everything worked out with the funding in the the contract is waiting for gene to sign tomorrow so we're we're starting to move next week um moving down through um the the tip project is progressing um we actually gene signed all the permit applications today uh best you know if everything goes perfectly um word hopes um with regard to you know notification periods and all that to have all permits within the next 90 days and then start start construction um we are before the um South Burlington DRB on April 6th for a for a sketch plan review and then in turn we'll be ready right after that to submit for preliminary and final um uh flat review um for that uh new security system we uh went through some things with by American we had to meet certain thresholds with the FAA we finally got that noticed and that got approved a couple days ago so that uh project is now going to move forward in the next couple weeks so we'll be getting the new security system um Nick talked about the Chamberlain school we've had our pre-construction meeting we had to give a limited notice to proceed because some of the items were long lead items with regard to the the equipment that needs to be placed at Chamberlain so we've we've real we've we've started we've started that work preliminarily to get the contractor to start to be able to order things so we meet that that little timeframe we have this summer to get this project done um found installation project um I could talk a little bit about that Larry yeah go for it yeah yeah uh so so a couple of updates uh Chamberlain of course is part of that project and you've you've already heard about that uh in multiple ways tonight the sound monitoring system uh we are moving forward contractually with Vector is the company that we're working with uh they'll be the ones working with the Jones pain group which I think you'll you'll find is a familiar name uh one of our major consultants that helps us with the sound program to install these noise monitors uh we are looking and we'll continue to work actually with mayor lot and her team as well as the city of south Burlington uh and the city of Williston on staging or setting up these physical sound monitoring systems and the back end which is a web portal online so that people can visually see the noise monitoring that's expected to be implemented both online and physically in the field by July uh and available to the public um the sound insulation uh project itself uh is moving forward very quickly we we uh heard from the FAA that they actually are allowing us to move forward with some design work only uh which we weren't expecting this year but it will set us up really nicely uh later this year and into next year and what that means is not only are we moving forward with the 10 house pilot program design working with the homeowners and construction of those 10 houses for a grant this year but also the design work of the next 50 houses uh and and that would set us up for a construction grant for next year to construct those 50 houses as well as design the next 50 houses and that's that rotation every single year we also are working with the department of defense and I forgive me I always forget the name of the the branch that we're working with the acronym is OLDCC the the branch of the DOD they they have set aside or appropriated 50 million dollars nationwide to be used as for joint use airfields just like ourselves and we're working with them to see if we can capture a significant amount of funding so that we can move forward with even even more houses every year and and again working with Vermont gas systems to capture the 10 percent this DOD funding would take us even beyond that uh that uh five million or so dollars a year I think I covered everything yeah go ahead can I ask oh just a second um Jeff Munger yeah I just want to make sure you know that we heard you loud and clear at the last meeting about that 10 percent and you know uh fed funds and fed funds and yeah not not being and we have uh we have mentioned that to the DOD we have mentioned that to the FAA everybody just so you know Jeff we listened to you we vented it with them and they're aware you know of your concerns and your mention what did they say more important what I got was yes but and so I think they're working it out they're trying to figure out how to do that and uh they didn't have an answer Jeff so yes you were a hundred percent right but that appears that change is being made there are some examples that they said that they have done before and uh they would get back to us so um I think that's good news yeah and well I just want you to know we heard you I hate to have you thinking in your head that you would have to say it again because I really did hear you and um and I you know the next day I called everybody and made them aware of your concerns so um we what I also got Jeff was that were a long ways from this being solidified you know the details and what I heard from DOD is it could be as much as two years um and it doesn't mean that the project's going to slow down it just means we're going to be working with Vermont Gas longer and as soon as they do Nick has a lot of thoughts I mean the guy is about his creatives creative gets to utilize the department of defense dollars and he's already started talking to um the FAA about an acceptance of different procedures and ways to move forward in this project so that we can accelerate the project and do more more quicker and uh it doesn't mean like anything was approved but been great conversation and one thing uh Nick Longo doesn't lack is imagination and creativity um I mean when the stuff that comes out of his mouth I just like where did that come from and it came from just not being afraid to think and dream and so uh he's done very well for us and just uh just to kind of detail just a little bit of what Gene is talking about uh while it would be really great to have that that um redundant way of funding the 10 share so to speak what not only with Vermont Gas Systems but with the DOD funding what we're thinking is if we can capture the 90 federal we already have a great partnership with Vermont Gas Systems to fund the 10 share why not look at designing all 2600 houses or those that are eligible right now using the DOD funds so that we can get ahead of the game and then when we ask the FAA for construction funding then the 90 and the 10 percent from FAA and Vermont Gas respectively is already available to us using the DODs to get ahead of the game so that's that's an alternative that we're that we're playing with and like Gene said it may take some time okay I have to go ahead Helen no you can finish and then I just wanted to say I you know I there's a lot of things that what I realize is we do a terrible job telling you the day-to-day details of the things that we're working on because every day they change but just why you know there's all sorts of creativity and you know Helen I just want you to know we do listen to self-growing to know when new skis you know concerns and every day we advocate for those so you know that's part of what Nick is talking about you know sometimes you know people make the airport like it's the evil do or it's actually God's gift to this earth you know that we're able to go out and get all these federal funds and then leverage the position that we have in our community ends up benefiting it's not the airport you know so it would be terrible to have all the sound that we have and have no instrument so again I just want to you know say Nick thank you Shelby Larry you know for everything you're doing to make this come through go ahead Helen yeah I just had a question to clarify in terms of the noise that the monitors will be monitoring is that just commercial noise or does it include the military jets it includes every single aircraft that okay so it's a physical microphone essentially out in the field that's going to pick up that noise that the difference is you know you're going to get a lot of ambient noise fire trucks regular street traffic all that type of stuff what this does is it takes that noise and associates it with radar data so that you know it's coming from an actual aircraft and that's the visual display that that's going to be available to the public would you like to exclude the jets or not because it will be nothing to listen to that is true so what's up the fire engines right so point of clarification are these outside or the inside structures they're exterior they're exterior structure should think of a trailer if you will it's a small box it's it's it's it's a permanent so to speak box that's set on the ground and then it's an exterior microphone that's pretty much on a small okay but it can be moved around correct yeah it doesn't it's mobile in that sense it's mobile but it's also solar operated so cool um you know it's actually very very movable um so you know that's part of the plan uh that you know nick and uh worked on is making the mobile in the eyes of the FAA it is a permanent structure but they they do have wheels so that we can uh uh perform maintenance on them as well okay great thank you right um so i'll continue along i'm the only other thing whoops um the only thing i would mention on that is the current 10 and 50 home package um we have the scope and fee to move that forward we're going through the independent fee estimate process to get that approved and are already uh preparing the grant application to get that moving forward so we're not waiting um for our may one or whatever we're going to get done as soon as possible um 10 the environmental assessment uh just learned this week from nick you talk the FAA that that's probably going to be taken off the table for this year which is not such a bad thing because basically the projects we have in the future might be able to go through that type of process at a lower level uh that's called a categorical exclusion so not all bad news that we aren't going to get that grant this year but it might allow us that we don't have to go such through such a extensive process for the projects we have identified so that's that's the come um the stormwater and UIC um uh proposals that you approved in our interim meeting um have um are all set approved by city council and um I am we're drafting the contracts and those contractors are already moving forward because we have a strict deadlines for April 1 deadline so we'll get the contracts taken care of this week um hot spot remediation project um and papi relocation uh we're 90% drawings as of yesterday and um we will uh be out to bid in a couple of weeks with the pre-bid conference on April 8 with pricing back April 28 for a May 1 grant application um NOAA national weather service terminal renovations um projects out to bid um we had three contractors now it appears we have two more additional five interested so we push back the deadline for bids from next Tuesday to next Thursday to allow them to get into the the space this week um and so we'll have pricing next week to to move that forward Nick already spoke about the monitoring equipment and if that's all I got does anybody have any questions for me well here in Nunn do I have a motion to accept the construction update and uh place it on file so move last second held in you seconded yep all right all in favor hi hi uh item 7.01 would be the south purlington update okay the only thing I have to report is we're right now going through a um very active um phase of working with the ccr rpc the chitlin county regional planning commission um around the interchanges on um 89 and one of the questions asked um at a meeting and we had break was cool we had breakout meetings um all the counselors broke out one of those meetings with charlie baker and we were asked to to really think about are there other criteria that should be included and one of the things that I thought was missing so I suggested they included is to use a criteria that talks about um each of the different options and there are four um how that would improve uh transportation movement to and from the airport I realized I was told that that you guys aren't actively involved in these conversations because you have submitted a plan that has a whole another um option to connect with the interstate farther north but from my perspective and south purlington's I thought it was important and for the airport frankly to make sure that whatever um tens of millions of dollars of improvements um that are suggested can have might have a real positive effect um for airport um um access ellen yes somebody gave you some bad information um we have been very actively involved in all intersections and I put and have put on record that we support all of them um what we don't want to do is get into some political horseshoe um you know about you know going back and forth and what's right for our community we will benefit from any one of those intersections and we do not have a dog in the game as far as the likelihood of you getting FAA funds for a north exit out of the airport is probably not in my lifetime or in yours or in anybody on the phone so we um really believe that any intersection will be good for south burlington and will be good for the airport what is good for you is good for us so somebody gave you very bad information we have talked to charlie and his team and that is what we have let them know that we support each and every one of them nick longo and larry have even gone so far to gone given them some affordable connection points um and we were very very involved in interactive and inexpensive solutions um we've gotten very creative again you know nick and larry are just crazy great with ways to make things work if there isn't enough money then there's a couple other ways to do it so uh that's just uh not the case what you heard it's just the opposite uh both of them have been very engaged um in that process we did we did also just as a side reference change our master plan a little bit this year kind based on the 2050 study and working with uh ccrpcs team on that uh specifically with that north exit or the 14 and i believe it was called before uh so we we uh essentially eliminated that from our master plan still show it a little bit lightly on the master plan but not as strongly as before are you opposed to having that criteria added no we're really open to absolutely anything that the city wants or the region we really believe in any intersection will give relief to the you know the problem that we're having right now so uh we support anything and everything okay good to know that's all i have that's you know the only issue with the airport that's come forward may i ask another question and i don't probably think you have an update but if you do um it would be great um we had a conversation with uh city manager doran about the looking into the rezoning of the land north of the dog park have you heard any conversations about that well i haven't because the planning commission is pretty well focused on um updating the ldr's under um interim zoning but i think that is on the shortlist going forward would you mind uh as part of your plan in the future just giving us an update maybe just checking in each month and seeing if there's any headway it's very important yes it is we've taken a very small part so that uh the community could digest it and we felt it was the part that would have least uh conflict and we give the most benefit to selts burlington so um we really hope um that we could make make it through that in this year and um so if you wouldn't mind and could help us with it would be really really helpful for everybody involved um you know one thing we don't really need is land that isn't being serving its purpose at the best possible way and certainly that area we've had many takers that were interested um you know doing things there that would bring great tax dollars to self-growing to an insignificant benefit to the airport uh which i would sound as a win-win so um anything you could do to help out and just give us an update each month would be wonderful kevin seemed very engaged and uh you know presenting it and very open to it he was very helpful but i understand you know he's winding down but uh you know i do think it's something that we should try to put some energy into if we could okay i will do that i will um make that contact tomorrow thank you you're welcome so helens all done um i believe the next thing on the agenda is director's report am i correct it is um you've heard a lot of the wonderful news that the team has been working on um the uh the best part for me is you know 800 more people you know since last week that was just a beautiful jump and i'm very excited about it uh nick and i and shelby have spent a fair amount of time speaking to the airlines as early as today with jet blue and you know they're very optimistic and very engaged in coming back to burlington they understand what we had to do to have the success that the state have and they're very engaged when the demand is there to be back so everybody's kind of calling on you know june july august to be our turning points for all the airlines but uh feeling good and i'm very excited about that the um one wonderful thing that happened today was today was a historical day at burlington airport and we had our first electric aircraft land this morning um at uh at burlington airport a beta aircraft landed today came in from platzberg and uh it was really really exciting so uh we're very happy about that you know that's our uh you know they've done so very well they're on their um second model of this uh this type um and that's being built and i think they nick did they say it would be done in a month or what did they say i believe so i think it's significantly uh put together inside the hangar so they have two in there right now yeah so we're quite excited about that um that's a big deal for us um another initiative and i think i mentioned this at our last meeting but uh the mayor has asked me to uh work on the carbon footprint you know of the airport and uh we are taking that task very seriously we have a committee we've put together and we'll continue to build on that committee and the actions we're about a week and a half old um but um we're going to be really diligent you know about that and one of the things we most recently did is uh we ordered two new electric lawnmowers uh the ride-along ones so we're going to test those out and potentially buy a third one we have two electric trucks on order that will come in in january when we do the new tip building they uh we're going to uh do everything we can to make it uh be as energy efficient and self-sufficient as possible you know solar battery backup um everything we can do to make it green but at the same time looking at the entire airport and uh you know uh i i guess i have three years to turn this around so we're going to work really hard to make that happen um we uh Nick and I went on Kurt Wright's show on tuesday and that was a lot of fun and we had some very interesting questions and they but answered them very well um we uh um you know we i just we just continue to do great things and things are going very well i'm very proud of the team and uh how well they've worked out through this whole COVID period our maintenance team just continues to do wonderful things and maintain and take care of the airport at a very high level uh the admin team again is doing the same um and all at all you know Marie has just done very well we'll be hearing from Fitch uh probably sometime in the next week on we met with them this week and uh you know i don't believe they're as open-minded as you know Moody's uh Moody's was very engaged it seemed like they were very they digested the airport they're very aware and every everything that we did Moody's was very complimentary of the city very complimentary of the airport Fitch was complimentary but it didn't feel like they were going to move um you know they seemed to be somewhat conservative of the whole airline industry and uh they will move when the industry moves um so uh that's what i kind of got from that conversation um but again Marie Shelby Nick Andrew um did a wonderful job putting the presentations together and it went very well um we are talking have been talking with Michael Lump you know our airline consultant and uh we'll be meeting with a couple new airlines um over the next couple weeks looking for new service um again even though we don't really deserve it right now because of our numbers you need to plan for tomorrow and plant the seeds and that's what we'll be doing um i believe if you don't plant those seeds and there's some of the same people that have worked for other airlines that we know quite well so i believe we will get our foot in the door and at least plant the seed and be ready to have conversations when we do very well um that's about it anything else nick that you can think of i think you covered uh uh quite a bit yeah i think that was great all right any questions for me jean just one question you brought it up with the planting the seeds i know that obviously a lot has been thrown into turmoil because of covid but prior to that you were um looking into service to boston and i'm curious to know if you obviously it's hard to tell at this point but do you think that whoever that was they might come back to the table after after we're through this pandemic they're already at the table um you should know me well better than that by now but i've been um uh you know i got a flat out no but we're still interested um and having the conversation what they said was it won't be this spring because we're looking for a rebound from vermont um but we are very interested in having the conversation and uh staying engaged and so what i did is i also that's who i spoke with today their other partner and they were also interested because they have to work with each other to pull off boston so we're working both sides tim and so uh we will um mean we were we met with the head of planning on one end of it and then uh planning on the other and i am optimistic you know basically if we can if our numbers look good uh you know this fall we're going to be able to have a really good conversation and uh but we're going to need to bring it back and otherwise nobody's coming to the table okay thank you any other questions so next on the agenda is is it the sound complaint i can't i don't see it so yeah sorry my computer was running a bit slow uh you're correct it's 9.01 sound data and and other commissioners items okay is there is there going to be discussion about this um oh here we are what do we got here gonna explain this go ahead shelby yeah so this is the sound data that has uh from january first on um so essentially through february january february there was 26 calls that we did receive and these are the locations associated with those 26 calls wow um all of them were related to military noise um and then here is the further kind of cumulative map 18 from onuski interesting um if i can zoom in a little further i i believe it does get a little bit more sparse but um uh big majority is kind of in the new north end that we have discovered and if i remember correctly we had an issue that's there were basically the same people calling repeatedly is that still in this data or has that been factored out um the people that do call repeatedly are and uh we've kind of zoned in into neighborhoods are identified in that kind of yellow area um so effectively in a conjoined neighborhood here there's 90 calls and a majority of them are from the same street okay if you'd like to see it a different format um for unique addresses i'm happy to pull that together as well yeah well i know there's there's concerns on sensitivity of unique addresses so i want to be respectful of that i what i'm just trying to avoid is it's you know somebody who's calling you know five or six times and it makes it look like that area gets five or six times as many noise complaints which is technically true but if you factor in it's it's repeat callers or repeat people submitting information that it may it may distort the the results how about for next month we also provide a quantity of unique addresses so at the 196 total how many are from a singular address and kind of maybe parse it down there do you have it also by the day to the call because i can appreciate that you know you get someone really i rate and they call five times in one day um or is it you know when the jets fly on thursdays it's the route they take um is right over their house so every thursday in a month it is annoying and they call we do we have it by date we also have it by time stamp of submittal so we have kind of all these parameters and we can present it in any way like if you have any other feedback for us as a follow-up item which we can add to the new section you know i think go ahead go ahead ellen well i was just thinking in terms of tim's concern if if the information was shared so that um it was kind of discrete um occurrences and not that might be helpful if it's from the same address rather than put it all together okay and in the past it has been you know the you'll see the groupings you know and the repeat folks and you know again i don't want to in any way say that they're not being bothered or they're they're hoping a bitual you know reporter but i think there's areas and i think it's pretty evident and maybe nick do we show the flight path well i was gonna mention that you know having the flight path would be really interesting to see how that aligns up because i think that's really key because you know i talked to different people in the community and when you know like a gentleman from burlington called and i just said how can you even hear them and it really depends where you're at if it really bothers you but if you're inside a hill um you know like over by the university i mean it's it's pretty loud over there um so i i i do think it's worth you know having some discussions and understanding even if you get somebody who gets 30 reports it might be if you look at that flight path it might be interesting to actually line up and see why they're they're doing it and some people are just bothered and they're anti f-35 or anti war yep those folks you know they're going to do it but then there's others that when they're flying they're just really bothered and uh and i understand that yeah because i i was gonna share that because you know my own experience was i mean i i've been inside in buildings most of the time when they go over but two Sundays ago um my wife and i were out on euthan alan homestead walking out on the peninsula and there were 12 f-35s that went over and it was a different experience to be out in an area where there were no buildings you know no leaves on the trees there was nothing to absorb the sound and it was incredibly loud yeah so i hear what you're saying jean it's a lot of it could be you're just in the right place in the contours of the land but it was almost deafening how loud those were i went i got a couple called me from winewski and i looked at the flight path and then i said well where do you live and so i drove up there and i sat there on a day that i knew that they would be you know on a saturday actually when they were flying oh my god you know what i mean and it's like you can't judge it till you go to it you know and uh so you're you're dead on tim you know what i mean we need to be sensitive i just don't want to think because we get 30 from one location that somebody's you know messing with us it could be that that noise is messing with them so uh i think we need to be fair and uh look at each one independently and uh and i mean each one has a story i guess is what i'm saying that's all i have but i'm happy to answer any questions if any anyone has any further ones so but i think all this this is quite a um you can dig deep in the uh okay thank you everybody um do we have the next meeting date um it should be uh the 19th uh wait a minute the um 21st of april you know i have a motion to adjourn so moved all in favor hi hi okay care can i ask a quick question how many people have their vaccines that are on the phone right now i have both i have both i'm flying out um in two weeks or actually three weeks no no we have the last of two