Ladies and gentlemen, welcome back to the channel. My name is Jack the Buster. I should know be there. We have some 27 and 28 over one piece watch through now last episode I thought we were gonna see this sort of the start of the fight between Don Krieg's crew and the restaurant We actually got a lot more insight into Sanji's story and it made a lot more sense about who he is now Now with that being said, I think we're gonna get a lot more action this episode with this pearl guy and Don Krieg and who knows who else they'll pull out because like I said this pro guy came from out of nowhere I'm excited to hop into it. If you need a channel drop us up hit that big blue bell soon with me for your episode So if I like on this one, let's just hop right into it.  I know you want to There it is It's reasoning that he said keep your hands off of them like it's his fight I mean it kind of is his fight to an extent though even Don Krieg is shocked He hasn't even remotely intimidated up until this point. Yeah, that's smile He's destroying Don Krieg's future ship. Oh No, he's a good guy at heart. I can tell yeah Yeah, he won't shoot him Oh Through yeah, well, I guess that that's something he's expecting to own soon Why they still need not the sea restaurant. He's taking it hostage. I Mean he's right, but they still want it Zef's like five heads Zef's just entertained by this To fight for it.  No, I mean he doesn't a lot of spots around his armor. He can shoot the pearl man I don't remember his actual name. I'd like that name though. Oh He broke it. Yo, my man's cracked Dude, what is that weapon who got obliterated? No, don't know. He's just playing around Geese got some values. I like him That's cold He's a chief battle commander Is he saying buried Sanji? I kind of figured he wasn't an underling though Okay, Luffy, okay, dude. Yeah, no, he doesn't think 3d like that I don't see Luffy ever like 40 chesting stuff. He's a straightforward guy Geed, no, just swap sides, bro. Don socks Me it's weird that we haven't checked in on them going after Nami yet, too. It's been several episodes Y'all are pirates. Why are you like offended? True I'll talk in trash from sitting in the water You heard their ego I Mean I'm pretty sure Luffy is fine against them True on actually true. What is he gonna like hop in the fight actually and Okay, dude Luffy versus Don. Oh, yeah, that's too stuff. Those are two good fights Okay, this is Luffy's ticket to the Grand Line Okay Oh Do when Luffy looks down do when Luffy gets intimidating he is scary He's spinning oh Shoot demon just straight up demon. That's his name name Ha I mean I see like a lot of the underlying emotion though and we've seen more depth to this character He talks big Gonna be quick. I mean he also they know each other's moves like he's swinging those Luffy or Sanji uses his legs pretty straight forward If you can get him to lodge it in something and get it stuck I think that's the key. Oh, I felt that one. I thought he hit him with like the end of it That would have hurt. Oh Sanji. Come on brother Just gonna crush his head if he doesn't accept defeat Get patience. Oh He hit his head into it. Oh, no, he's so fine. I legit thought he like knocked him out for a second.  I mean it displayed how strong he is very quickly for us because it introduced this pearl dude Just for him to get broken into pieces Huh Why is he a cannibal to go Luffy?  I'll be shot him. I was actually a good strat though distract from the water shoot through the water You made him mad Hmm He called him a monkey monkey D. Loopy Man he actually beat him down Actually true he did fight Pearl right before that he was already in really rough shape to begin with He's spinning again demons serious. I think I don't think that name really fits just demon I mean I get it like if he tortures people and stuff. It doesn't have any sympathy But Kick it.  Yeah, you need your pity Tip the boot What was that sound? Was that his ribs? Oh, I hated that sound I thought he's crying for saying it's rain to think. Oh, no. He is Take his nickname away. That's sympathy right there, baby. Why? Why what change? Oh Man being on the brink Is the first time he allowed himself right kind of open them self up Food buns a person I guess he knew he had the angle to kill Sanji too. He knew like this was it He can come on right now Sanji wasn't gonna be able to fight back Well, yeah, you live with pirates bro. Most I'm assuming are not great people.  He's straightforward. I like him There's no way he ends up back on dawn screw up don would not allow that as a commander.  This is shameless. I Mean he's known to be yeah, like this shouldn't be shocking to the crew They've got their masks on Luffy, can you get over there brother? I know you tried once but come on. Let's pick up the pace. Oh, oh He's gonna give it to Sanji Oh my gosh, he knew deep in his heart. There was no chance for him to still be part of that crew Thank you, Luffy. I've been in Anchor boy Movie please brother. Oh my god He's gonna give this on G. Oh, maybe not.   Oh That was quite large two possibilities one Luffy caught it and hit Don Kreek with it not very likely to it blew up Just regular not sure the counter play to that. Let's go to the next episode. Okay, so what exactly went down? You got a thing Luffy. Oh, where did that one? Oh, it was Geans. Oh Yeah, Gean tossed his okay, so it didn't do like any much like physical damage it looks like but it was a giant gas bomb Yeah, stretching and rubber wouldn't really defend against poison. I'm guessing. Oh, no, Rick Byrd. No Gean put his on Yeah, Sanji didn't yeah, he tossed his Oh my god, Luffy is going to be so mad Why are these cooks shocked?  Try it. Who knows?  Oh my gosh if Gean actually can live through this. I'm gonna be so happy I just realized the other guy's name is carne like meat and patty. Oh my god. I can't dude He's got this shadow even game was like what? Let's go baby, I mean even Sanji is kind of out of commission. I'm pretty sure it's time for Luffy to pop off God dude.  I mean bullets usually bounce out But he's a piercing Well, that's shot of him Well, he did take that.  It's so weird seeing Luffy actually bleed It's called he's literally laying on his face right now. Is he gonna get up? Do you actually just one shot Don Craig? Even those are too much for him to repel I'm guessing I guess because they're piercing. What is Luffy's like healing abilities like I mean?   We're like What 20 something episode you got thousand couple episodes to go. I don't die here, brother I wonder after that. That's why like Sanji will decide to follow him Yeah I'm sure Zef has come across many people like that. I'm sure me hawk is like that true Sanji's like, yeah, he is special God, dude I thought it was gonna be like a fight fight But it was even more powerful than you just straight up punched right through him because I mean there was all the build up all The emotional tension that just kind of snapped in Luffy now. Will he get up? I'm half expecting him to still it's kind of building it up like he's going to Come on hanging there keen. No dude.  There's no way They can't save him This poor man is all he hears as he's dying So hard dude the voice I think it's hard to listen to he's down Did you see what I just saw sounds like a whole lot of copium to me? Oh There he is.   Oh? It is an explosive spear. I don't know the logistics behind that but okay. Oh, yeah He can't fall in the water. I have to remember that Luffy straight up cannot swim Oh what? Yeah, oh No, maybe Zoro in them show up We okay, we still haven't even remotely seen them trying to get Nami back If you even like it's anywhere remotely near you you just blow up Like he doesn't even have to swipe at Luffy right now. He could just hit the ground true Don's just a unit, baby. Oh This is chance. Oh Luffy can't just move around in the air Unless he can He's like a nat bro, please did he punch it? Oh Oh No, Sanji, this is your chance. I don't know if you have anything left in you, but yeah Just keep swinging like crazy. Someone has to do something blue There's no way look at Luffy can fight back against this especially after being shot several times Zef Zef's coming out of retirement or Luffy actually is up to it. I Mean if Don Kreeg is an example of people will see at the grand line I mean shoot, dude I like Zef's perspective he's been there He knows what he wants be the pirate king the best of the best even when he's outmatched like this Was it sheer determination Maybe no one's meant to come in and help him it's more meant to be about Luffy's resolve against this seemingly impossible enemy He's got the audience Oh, he smiled. He knew what he was doing Did he kick it? Talk about you Sanji Right. Oh my gosh. He just slowly kept hitting it and hitting it For death dude. Listen. I know Luffy needs to pop off in his own show I honestly thought this was going to be like a an example set for Sanji for the show and kind of give him this chance to show himself in battle, but it's not really about that It's more about this character development He needs to go through in order to leave this sea restaurant He isn't in the right mindset for what he actually wants out of life He's still living for what happened with Zef all those years ago and now seeing Luffy's sheer determination What he wants his lack of hesitation is starting to break Sanji out of that mold We can see more and more his facial expressions especially and I love that a lot It's something I came to realize over the course of this episode. I was like, oh Sanji's gonna hop in there No, he's not supposed to he's supposed to just watch and let it all unfold before him But needless to say what a hell of a fight Luffy just I love how it did something that I didn't really expect him to do Which was punched right into the mat I thought he was gonna punch around it or something but it was that much more impactful that he just straight up just What's the word? Brute forced his way through the porcupine and I love that I mean like now we've actually seen him take damage too I didn't know the sheer extent of his abilities because of course we've seen bullets bounce off of him here and there Maybe he has some healing abilities scaled up probably from the devil fruit I'm not really sure I think as the show goes on we'll learn more and more about how like what he can withstand Because that has been it for episode 27 and 28 of our one-piece watch through I am loving this show so much dude I hope you guys can tell as well and I hope you're enjoying the reaction series Be sure to drop a comment down below and thought the episode we thought my reaction and as always I hope you guys Fade what if our extra day as per usual and then catch you in the next one. Hey space


Hello, and welcome to this NewsClick series on three years of the Modi government. In this segment, we speak with the Raghunandin of the All India People Science Network. Raghunandin has served as a member on the expert group on low-carbon strategies. And we will speak with Raghunandin on assessing the track record of the Modi government on climate policy. Raghunandin, welcome to NewsClick. Let's start with the sort of international context. In the last three years, the most important sort of landmark has been the Paris Agreement, which was, you know, agreed to by 196 countries. A lot of analysts have said that it was a compromise agreement that broke the firewall between developing and developed countries. This was something that India contributed to in saying that developed and developing countries should be treated differentially. What is your assessment of what the Modi government has done at the international level so far? The Paris Agreement itself, as you suggested, I would in fact go a step further and say it wasn't a compromise agreement. It was an agreement which followed through on the earlier Copenhagen Agreement, which was virtually a capitulation by the large developing countries to the demands of the developed countries, particularly the United States, that the firewall between developed and developing countries, which was part of the Kyoto Protocol, should be dismantled. And that India, China and other major developing countries should take on far greater responsibilities for reducing emissions than they had done earlier. So that was an idea that was introduced at Copenhagen, couldn't get formalized there, but which got formalized later at Paris. The Modi government in terms of its response at Paris, while I think they were critical of the Congress government or the UPA government's performance at Copenhagen, really did not turn the clock back towards a position that defended the interests of the developing countries more, but continued with the trend of colluding with the United States and other developed countries to enter into an agreement which effectively put a much larger share of the burden on to the shoulders of the developing countries. I mean just on your point on lying with the US, after the Paris Accord, you've had the Trump presidency and Trump has clearly stated that he might not adhere to the sort of Paris Accord. So do you see that as something that was a strategic mistake on the part of India or on other developing countries to agree to what the US wanted and now they're going to even pull out of a weak deal? Frankly, this has been part of the international climate negotiations right from Rio onwards which is whether the US was part of the agreement or whether they walked out of it which is what happened earlier, they continued to dictate terms at the UN Framework Convention Conference of Parties. In fact, even at Copenhagen and subsequently at Paris, these were effectively agreements by the executive branch in the United States with no guarantees of a ratification by the legislature or the US Congress. So I have always considered it to be a strategy where developing countries were in a lose-lose situation and the United States can either join or not join because I don't see the US having done anything to advance its own position as part of this what you called a compromise which I really don't see as such. Raghu, can you help us break down India's so-called pledges what are called the nationally sort of determined contributions at the domestic level and one of the key planks is this very ambitious target of reaching 175 gigawatts of renewable energy. What has been happening at the domestic front to implement the Paris pledges? First let me deal with the nationally determined contributions which India has tabled at Paris and subsequently ratified as well at Copenhagen where India made a pledge to reduce the emissions intensity by 20 to 25 percent by the year 2025. At Paris, India has taken this to the next step basically extrapolating the same pledge by saying India will reduce its emissions intensity by 30 to 35 percent at a later date than at Copenhagen. So it's not very different from the Copenhagen pledge except it sets a later date to do it by that's one point I want to make second point I want to make is that in terms of ambition while on the one hand one could argue that given the fact that the large developed countries have not set as ambitious a target as they should have India's target is ambitious in that it's taken on a fair amount of reduction of emissions these are not absolute cuts over where India is today they allow India to increase its emissions but at a slower rate than under business as usual propositions having said that a target of reducing emissions intensity by 30 to 35 percent by 2030 is not a very ambitious target our own studies official studies by India in the low carbon committee and otherwise indicates that India has been reducing its emissions intensity by between 1.5 to 2 percent per annum in any case which would have brought us to this figure so in a sense it is not very much more than what would happen to an economy which is getting which is growing which is growing obviously by inducting more new technologies and therefore whose emissions intensity is bound to improve as we go along and so I go in I mean irrespective of what happens at the international level or India's own sort of intended contributions on emissions reduction etc it's well accepted that India is going to be extremely vulnerable to climate impacts and especially in the area of agriculture the coastal areas and what is your sense of what's happened in terms of climate impacts over the last few years how is the government sort of responded both in terms of addressing impacted communities but also in terms of proactively putting systems in place do you see any sort of progress on this front India is in a region which is well recognized to be in the top 10 most affected regions of the world impacted by climate especially in agriculture where you are anticipating maybe a 20 to 30 percent reduction in food grain production by the middle of this century which is a lot apart from coastal erosion impacts of extreme weather disasters and so on putting all this together I think in the INDCs that India has put forward there is a problem in the vision which it puts across as to what climate actions are we taking and what do we hope to achieve from it I think I for example and many other experts have long argued that India's climate actions domestically should be cast as a set of actions which have multiple objectives that is to say a terminology which is used often is co-benefit which will simultaneously address mitigation adaptation economic objectives a developmental trajectory local environment but the INDCs make very little mention of large-scale mass waste public transport in over 4,000 cities and towns that we have in this country if we had that as a focus we would not only have achieved something in terms of an energy policy we would also and importantly have increased access of the poor to energy I think something which has been very ignored in Indian policymaking is while we have been so focused in international negotiations on redressing the inequality in energy consumption and therefore emissions between the developed north and the developing global south we have not paid sufficient attention to the deep inequality that exists our interest should be also to frame policies which will increase the access to energy of the vast vast masses of the Indian people which by the way is today one of the sustainable development goals which India has agreed to but which does not figure in the INDCs and therefore to respond to your question I would say there is a lot that India could do to address developmental challenges which include the challenges that Indian development would have to face due to climate impacts challenges on agricultural front we need to diversify agriculture we need to have more climate resilient agriculture we need to counter what's going to happen in the future on decreasing food grain growth I am afraid the mandate given to our scientific community has lagged far behind the demands that climate is going to put on us we are already losing time dangerously because these impacts are going to be on us very fast and our responses to them may come a decade or so later than they should have done the same thing with disaster preparedness we have seen this in repeated floods flooding in our big cities we saw this in Chennai last year we saw it in Uttarakhand in 2013 which indicates that our urban areas our cities are completely unprepared for the heavy rainfall extreme weather events which we know are going to happen with greater severity and with higher frequency than they did earlier so we are ill-prepared on that front agriculture we have already spoken about increased access to modern energy by the vast masses of people will make them also less vulnerable to the impacts of change we are not ready on that front either and one of the big problems I think that India is going to face is in a huge imbalance that we have created in our air quality in our water quality and overall ecological balance represented in the main by a decreasing forest cover not just in magnitude but in terms of the quality of forests INDC pays lip service to this but simultaneously on the developmental front our government seems to be following a policy now of granting licenses for developmental projects for infrastructure projects for so-called straight line projects which go through forested areas not paying attention to the ecological degradation that we are causing and thinking that we can compensate for this through tree plantation elsewhere ignoring the fact that a bunch of new trees planted somewhere is not the same as a large forest somewhere else so I think on all these fronts the big mistake if we look at the big picture that India is making three years of this government that we have seen is to ignore the multiple developmental challenges that India is facing all these developmental challenges will have a climate dimension both in terms of mitigation as well as in terms of adaptation in the INDC we have just addressed some mitigation issues but we have ignored these interconnections between different developmental sectors and the impact that these mitigation policies will have on development and the impact that our developmental projects will have back on mitigation as well as on our general environment and development clearly Raghu India faces multiple challenges on several fronts but like you said there's little vision or clarity from this government in dealing with the real and imminent challenges of climate change thank you very much for your assessment thank you


You're watching FJTN, the Federal Judicial Television Network. Hello and welcome. My name is Kate Lynett with the Federal Judicial Center, and we bring you this program today in collaboration with the Office of Probation and Pretrial Services at the Administrative Office. Over the next hour, we're going to be talking about the Texas Christian University drug screen instrument. It was created at the Institute of Behavioral Research at Texas Christian University. And with me today to talk about this is the principal investigator from that project, Dr. Kevin Knight, who is from IBR at TCU. And he will be talking about the fundamental research that underlies this whole project and this screening instrument. We also have Derek Goddard, who as you all know is a probation and pretrial services administrator with the Office of Probation and Pretrial Services at the AO. And he's going to talk about the policy implications of the TCU. And for those people who are wondering about how you're going to implement this in your district, we have two people here to talk about that also. Two treatment specialists. The first is Mike Loughlin, who is from the Northern District of Texas, and we also have with us Grace Saunders, who is from the District of the District of Columbia. And both of them will be talking about different implementation issues and how to get this started in your district. So while this really essentially is a program about a form, stay with us because we really have a lot of important stuff to tell you about the research, the policy, and the implementation issues with this. We will assume that you've downloaded a copy of the TCU, which is included in your program materials available on our DCN, so that you can refer to it during the program. That will make it much easier for all of you. I'm going to turn the program over first to Dr. Knight. He has his doctorate in experimental psychology. He has been at the Texas Christian University since 1991, and as I said before, he's really the principal investigator on this project, so certainly the person to talk about the research that's behind the form for us. His primary focus in all the research he's done has been on working with substance abusers both in correctional and community correction settings using evidence-based practices. He's worked and been an advisor to probably every federal agency out there who has anything to do with treating substance abusers. So without further ado, I'm going to turn this over to Dr. Knight to talk about, first of all, the underlying research. Dr. Knight? Thank you, Kate. I am part of a team at the Institute of Behavioral Research which is directed by Dwayne Simpson that has been working on the TCU drug screen now for a number of years in terms of revising it for correctional settings and in terms of testing its effectiveness within those settings. But before I get into the nuts and bolts of the instrument itself, I want to start with a little bit of background research information and the rationale as to why you might consider using the instrument in your setting. First in terms of rationale, since the early 70s there's been a prevailing sentiment within the criminal justice system that nothing works, that treatment essentially is a waste of money and for the most part ineffective. And in many respects that is true when referral to treatment is inappropriate or when the treatment services that are being provided aren't well matched to the needs of the offender. However, we have a number of studies in the past decade that support the notion of treatment effectiveness when good treatment is provided appropriately to those offenders in need of treatment. And so let's begin by looking at a slide from a study conducted in Texas in 1999 published in 1999 in the prison journal where we looked at a number of offenders who had fairly severe problems with drug use. Those in the far left on the bottom were ones eligible for treatment but did not receive treatment primarily because they did not have enough time left to serve in their sentence. The middle group represents those who completed the in prison therapeutic community treatment program but did not complete the community based aftercare program. And on the bottom right is the group that completed the fully prescribed in prison and aftercare community based treatment components. When we look at return to custody rates over the three years after release we see at the end of the first year that those who completed the prescribed program on the far right in the orange did much better than the other two groups. This continued into the second year and into the third year where at the end of three years you see on the far right 26% of the aftercare completers were returned to custody. This compares with those in the far left who did not receive any sort of intervention 52% returning to custody within three years. And the middle group two out of three were back in custody in large part because one of the conditions of their release was their participation in the aftercare program so failing to participate did result in reincarceration. The key to these types of successful outcomes however is important to understand that the key is on successful appropriate treatment referral identifying those in need of treatment and not placing those with less severe problems into these more intensive programs. At this point what I'd like to do is point out that when we look at the impact of personal bias when subjective screening referral takes place we see that different views on addiction for example the view whether or not alcohol is considered a drug whether or not addiction is a disease or moral failure these types of different views result in differences in opinion on who needs treatment services. So when we think about why a drug screen is needed why you should be using a drug screen we understand that using an objective validated drug screen can help you determine if an offender might benefit from receiving treatment services no guarantee that they will but again a screen such as the TC drug screen can help provide an objective consistent means for identifying who might benefit from a drug from an objective screen. Next we look at don't all offenders have a drug use problem the reality is in fact most offenders do have a drug problem but not all if you look at a study conducted by NIJ over the past 15 years or so we see that early on about in the red bars 59% of offenders upon arrest were coming up dirty on a urine test 42% in 91 coming up positive for any or for cocaine use. The trends changed a little bit but not much to 1999 where we see again about two thirds coming up with any positive drug use urine test and 35%. These are only based on folks who volunteered to participate in the study so we know the rates are higher but again the point here is that not all offenders have drug use at the time of arrest and not all drug offenders need drug treatment. So that takes us into the development of the TCU drug screen and the fact that it is a very brief short assessment it's only two pages in length it is based on the diagnostic and statistical manual classification criteria for dependents it has another section which asks items about treatment needs motivation the history of treatment and perhaps one of the most important aspects besides its validation reliability is that it's a free instrument for you to use and when necessary can be self-administered. Currently the TCU drug screen is being administered in several locations across the United States including both state and federal systems its popularity continues to go forward and we're very excited about this initiative within the pretrial and probation services. Our research with this instrument that we have conducted as well as a group out of the University of South Florida have found that the instrument is highly accurate overall there's an 82% agreement rate that is 82% of those who have a problem are identified as having a problem as well as those who do not have a problem identified as not having a problem that leads to this notion of inappropriate referrals in that in this case the TCU drug screen is particularly effective at finding out those who do not need treatment and avoiding inappropriate referrals and finally the TCU drug screen is relatively good at identifying those who really have drug problems an important component obviously of any screen is correctly detecting those who have drug problems when the drug screen was compared with the ASI drug use section, C-SATS simple screening inventory, the SASI as well as a variety of other screening instruments. The TCU drug screen was one of the top three performers among these self-reported drug screen instruments when compared with the structured clinical diagnostic instrument that looks at DSM criteria the SCID. 83% of all correct classification for the drug screen 84% for the ASI and 84% for the SSI. I know many of you already used the SASI and I want to point out of this juncture that 70% were correctly classified with the SASI far lower than the other three instruments presented here. So at this point I'm going to turn it back over to you Kate. Thanks Dr. Knight. We're going to go back to Dr. Knight in a couple minutes to actually go through the form itself and through each question but for right now I want to turn this over to Derek Goddard from the AO and have a little chat with him because we're talking about the TCU. This has been one of your favorite projects for the last, I don't know, year or so and I know you have a lot of different responsibilities at OPS but let's just focus in on this. One of the things we know is that you are the chair of the National Expert Panel and can you talk to me a little bit about the National Expert Panel where it came from. Yes Kate, about a year ago we put together a group of probation and pretrial services personnel, deputy chiefs, supervisors, specialists and officers and what we wanted to do is to provide a communication bridge with the field and the administrative office. One of the things we wanted to do was to formalize that process so we selected a representative from each judicial circuit and what they are doing is basically being a two-way communication bridge for us. They are basically pretty much providing input and feedback from districts within their circuit and then we're providing information to them about some of our national initiatives. They have helped us on several national initiatives so far, the cost containment initiatives with the tough budget times that we have and they also have now helped us with pilot testing this TCU drug screening instrument. That was very, very helpful to us and we have a group of folks that are very talented throughout the system and we have two of them here that you will talk to later about the TCU drug screen. So why introduce this now? One of the things that we're trying to do here is we're trying to come up with a uniform screening process in the case planning cycle. Right now there's a lot of subjective ways that people are looking at substance abuse cases and making that determination. As a system we want to be able to be at a place where we can unify, in a unified way, have an instrument that kind of determines substance abuse not only presence but the severity and I think that's what we're looking for and hopefully as we become more of an outcome-based agency this will help us in having a baseline or foundation knowing what type of substance abuse cases that we have. Okay, so let's be real clear on this. This is not policy yet? No, Kate, it's not policy at this time. What we're trying to do now is just set the stage and we know that this is something that has been validated. It's a very solid instrument and what we're trying to do is get people to not only pilot tested but using it in their district. In December of 2004 we're going to ask the criminal law committee to look at the TCU. They've already been aware of it but also to endorse it as the TCU drug screen for the probation and pretrial services system. Okay, great. Now you talked about the communication back and forth. That's one of the reasons for having the National Expert Panel and they've really helped you out on this project. They've done the pilot testing. We're going to go back to them to talk a little bit about it. We know it's not policy right now. We know it's going to be taken to the criminal law committee. We'll see what happens with that. And the other thing you touched on were the tough budget times. And so one of the real joys to this particular screen is that... First of all, it's free. I mean, it's a free validated instrument. You don't have to pay for it. It's already been paid for through the research funds, the federal funds. We think that also that this TCU drug screen hopefully will save us money because you will be able to begin to start identifying those folks that do not need treatment at all and then also be able to identify those folks that may need further assessment or intervention or treatment. So we're hoping that the introduction of this TCU drug screen into our system will help save money in these tough budget times. Okay, thanks. And we'll be saving the right money and spending the right money as we go along. Okay, we're going to get back to Derek in a couple of minutes and he's going to talk to the two treatment specialists we have here who will talk about how they implemented it in their districts and what their experiences were. But we've talked about the screen. We've talked around the screen. We've talked about the purpose for introducing the screen. Let's go talk about the actual questions on the screen. So I'm going to turn this back over to Dr. Knight and let him go through each one of the questions on the screen and really tell you what's behind those questions. Dr. Knight. Thanks, Kate. Hopefully each of you has a copy of the instrument in front of you. As I go through the instrument, please follow along. On the top of the first page, you see a set of instructions and it's really imperative that when you sit down with the offender to do the interview, you make it emphatically clear the reason you're doing the interview and why it's imperative that the offender provide you with honest responses when you ask the questions. The rapport you establish with the offender at this point will really set the tone for whether or not they're truthful, which is obviously a big issue when you're interviewing an offender about their drug use lifestyle. So let's begin. On the very first page, you'll see on item number one, well, for all the items, the reference period that needs to be looked at is the 12 months before being incarcerated. In many cases, the offenders you will be interviewing will have been incarcerated for a number of years. We're not looking at the period of incarceration. We're looking at the 12 months that they were on the street prior to incarceration at the point of which they were at risk for using substance, such as alcohol and drug use. So going to the first item during that 12 months prior to incarceration, did you use larger amounts of drugs or use them for a longer period of time than you had planned or intended? For each of the items, they need to be read verbatim and wait for a response from the offender. After that has occurred, at that point, if clarification for the items needed, go ahead and provide that. For example, if you have to indicate that the number of beers that needed to be consumed to get the same effect had to be increased, go ahead and provide that. Hopefully by the time you're administering the instrument, you've already gone through their file and have a good understanding of their prior sentences, what they've been involved with, what they've reported in their pre-sentence investigation, and you can use this information not to confront the offender that's filling this out, but to simply bring up the point that, hey, you say that you haven't had to increase use, but based on what you indicated in the pre-sentence investigation, your use escalated over time. So definitely refer back to the information you have on hand to see if in fact the offender would like to change their mind in the response as they gain a better understanding of the item you're asking. As we move on now to the second item, you see that it asks, did you try to cut down on your drug use but were unable to do it? I think this is fairly straightforward for those who are dependent on substances. There's almost always an effort to cut back and they find that they simply can't do it. On the third item, did you spend a lot of time getting drugs using them or recovering from their use? Obviously the intention of this item is to get at time diverted away from things they should be spending on to their acquisition and use of the actual drugs. Moving now on to item number four, this is a two-part item. Notice there's an A and a B section and the stem of the question applies to both. Did you get so high or sick from drugs that it kept you from doing work, going to school, or caring for your children? That's part A. And part B asks, has it caused an accident or put you or others in danger? A yes, as we'll note in a minute, to either one of these items will constitute a yes response for item number four. Moving on to item number five, did you spend less time at work, school, or with friends so that you could use drugs? The same notion with this item in terms of the amount of time they're dedicating toward their drug use lifestyle. And again, I'd want to repeat that all of these items are those that are also found in the diagnostic and statistical manual, which is the gold standard currently for determining drug use dependence. Moving now on to item number six, a three-part question. Did your drug use cause A, emotional or psychological problems? B, problems with family, friends, work, or police? And C, physical health or medical problems? Now for most of the offender population that you'll be interviewing, they're there because they've had some run-in with the police that is most likely drug related. So if they're saying no to that item, that's a sure bet that that needs some sort of follow-up on your part to see if in fact their arrest was drug related. And if so, prompting the client to see if they need to change the response to yes on that item. Moving now on to item number seven, we see that it indicates did you increase the amount of drug use you were taking so that you could get the same effects as before? Item seven, eight, nine all refer to tolerance, which is a key part of drug dependence. On item eight, did you ever keep taking a drug to avoid withdrawal or keep from getting sick?  Again, these all referring to withdrawal aspects of drug addiction. Okay, these are the nine items on which the scoring is based. Simply summing the yes responses with items four and six collapsing across those sub-items should give you a score from zero to nine, where zero indicates no responses on all items and nine meaning that you have a yes response to all nine items. As you'll find on the back page of what you have in front of you, zero means no need for drug treatment, obviously. One and two, as will be discussed a little bit later, probably means more assessments needed. Three through nine corresponds with some sort of dependence-like problems with their drug use that definitely will require further assessments or additional assessment and possible treatment intervention. At this point, it's extremely important to note that this is simply a screen. It is just one component of the case plan in which you'll be making your treatment and referral decisions. A zero score on this, along with nothing else in the records should be a fairly good indication that no treatment's needed. Moving now on to item number 10, obviously you'll want to know what the substance or substances are that they're abusing and this is where you gather that information. A, bubble in, the worst drug, and this is their perception, not yours, so they may be a heroin user indicating that their worst substance uses with alcohol. B is the next most severe item and C, the next after that. If they do not have a second or third, simply indicate none. But again, refer back to the records if there's indication of multiple drug use because this is where you'll capture the types of substances used and may have some implication for the types of treatment services that will be provided. Moving on to the next page, you'll see that item number 11 addresses the frequency of use for each of these types of substances. Again, referring back to the last 12 months prior to incarceration. On item number 11, we know that there are a number of drugs that are currently in the process of being developed that we haven't captured here on A through K. It's there on item 11 that you'll indicate these other types of substances, particularly the newly synthetic drugs that are being developed. Write those in there and write the frequency of use for those substances on that line. Moving now on to the next item, number 12. This is where we start getting at injection drug use and motivation for treatment. Item number 12, you'll see that it says during the 12 months, how often did you inject drugs with the needle? Obviously, an important component here is beyond public safety and that is trying to get a sense of the risk for HIV and other types of communicable diseases that can be passed on through injection drug use. Item 13 asks, how serious do you think your drug use problems are from not at all to extremely? Again, as we'll be addressed here in a few minutes, if they're indicating that they have drug use problems on the front page and not on this particular item that they need drug treatment, they need to investigate further as to why they're responding that way. And finally, moving on to the next item, you see that it states how many times before now have you ever been in a drug treatment program? Being in a drug treatment before, program before, does not constitute need for continuing treatment. It could be that they participated in the RDAP program and simply need other types of reentry services as they re-enter the community. But again, this will give you a barometer of the types of treatment services they've already received, as well as the fact is whether or not they've had a drug problem that's needed to be addressed in the past. And finally, the last item on the instrument indicates how important is it for you to get drug treatment now? From not at all to extremely. And again, this speaks to motivation. They may recognize that they have a problem, but just simply do not feel like they're ready for drug treatment at this point. So at this juncture, let's turn it back over to you, Derek. Thanks, Kevin. Before I basically go any further, I'd like to reintroduce two of the members of the National Expert Panel that I talked about earlier. A talented group of folks. I want to first reintroduce from the District of Columbia, another talented contributor for the National Expert Panel, and Mike Laughlin. He's the fifth circuit representative in the National Expert Panel, and he's one of our go-to guys. Before we set up this role play, Mike, I want to ask you a question. I know when you were pilot testing the TCU drug screen, there was a need to basically kind of set the stage for an interview process. Can you tell us a little bit about that? Okay, sure. Well, basically during our pilot, and this was similar experiences with some of the other panel members who pilot tested this, we found that when we did an interview process, rather than just self-administering it and just marking up a score in our hurry to get the case opened up, we found that they were much more open. We were able to establish a relationship with them better and implemented the initial interview process to where we showed that we were just more than just compliance monitors for the court, but that we were also individuals who were trying to be advocates for them and to be an agent of positive change to help the partnership with them in developing jointly with us strategies and interventions and referrals to the community resources that would allow us to help them establish outcome-based objectives for provision and strategies in accordance with the revised monograph. In that process, we also will help them talk about the conditions. A lot of times, you know, we deal with folks that come out pretty negative, they don't want to do another thing, they got to get to their job and take care of their family, but we want them to help them understand that this is in their best interest to be able to get into treatment if necessary and to be able to make unnecessary referrals quite a bit, save money. And so in that process we're going to, we also help them establish we were able to clarify questions and also to reconcile any contradictions they had between their answers and the information that we found in reviewing the file, which is important that we review the file and talk to others that are involved in the case. So with that said, we're going to do a role play. Grace is going to be a new release and we're going to talk about establishing that rapport, building that trust and helping establish ourselves as an advocate and change agent. Okay. Hello, Grace. We've went over the conditions of supervision now and we've talked a little bit about where you're going to be living and your family situation, a little bit about your work. We've talked a little bit about what my role is as an officer in helping you to be successful but also beyond supervision. And now I want to find out a little bit more about your substance abuse history so that I can get a better idea on what referrals, if any, might be needed for you in the community to help you stay clean while you're on supervision and to just maintain that clean, drug-free lifestyle that you maintain while you're in custody. Okay. So I'm going to go ahead and we're going to do a TCU drug screen instrument and it's 15 questions. 15 questions that are yes, no. The back page talks a little bit more about your level of drug use. This is staged during the last 12 months of street time or non-custody time which will be before you got arrested and remained into custody. Okay. So we're going to use that as a point of reference. Keep in mind that I'm trying to help you to be successful so I want to be able to be real clear on what your status is so we can make sure we hook you up with the proper resources to be successful. Which asks, did you use during that 12 months larger amounts of drugs or use them for a longer period of time than you had planned or intended? No. No, you did not. Okay. Now, let me ask you. I'm reviewing your file, talking with your husband during the pre-release. I noticed that things were a little stressful from what he was saying and things were difficult during that time and also I noticed that you had lost your job and you had a prior drug possession charge although that was a little bit before the 12 months that was going on as well. Those seem to normally indicate what we call a loss of control of use. Well, I finished the BOP program when I was away. Okay. I gave you that certificate. Right. And when I was in pre-trial, they sent me away to a program and my job at some point they said, well, you need to go to treatment so I did some treatment with them too and I got a real nice certificate from BOP. Oh, good. Yeah, I saw that. I made that copy already. I had that in your file and I saw that you had went through the program when I reviewed your prison institutional materials. But let me emphasize that substance abuse and substance dependency is a chronic illness so it can be a problem now that you're on the street. You're in a brand new environment. A lot of stresses and pressures and old friends so we want to focus on the questions here as they relate to that 12 months so I can get a better feel. So I want to point back to the question which asked, though, in light of the DUI we talked about in your husband's input did you use larger amounts of drugs or for a longer period of time than you intended or planned? Oh, I see. I understand. Yes, I did. Okay. So then the answer to that question would be yes. I'm going to mark that as yes. That's correct. Now we're going to go on to question two which said, did you try to cut down the abuse but were unable to do so? Well, things at home got kind of crazy. My husband kept complaining and I was drinking and not taking care of the kids like I needed to. Okay. He wanted me to go to AA and I went just because he was like go to AA and you need some help so I did that but I still was drinking every now then so I don't know. I guess so. So basically from what you just said it sounds like you're saying that at times during that period it did get out of control that you did lose control so when it asked did you try to cut down on your drug or alcohol use which alcohol does relate, by the way to this instrument all the way through but were unable to do so then you would say that would be yes. Yes, yes, yes, yes. All right. So now that we've established some dialogue between her and her range agent and got some openness and got past a little bit of the denial and minimization now we want to move on and we're just going to intentionally jump on the instrument further down and go on to page two and we're going to ask her about we're going to jump to question number 13 and I'm going to ask you now Grace we've covered most of this tool now in the instrument and I want to move on to the next question I told you I went to the BOP program and I gave you that certificate I don't think you're listening to me it's not at all. Let me hear you. I don't have a problem. So you don't see at this point in time the choices are not at all, slightly moderately, considerably, or extremely important for you, excuse me that your seriousness of your problems you say not at all? Not at all. I'm going to mark that as not at all at this point and we're moving on to the last question Grace and that is how important is it for you to get drug treatment now? Well that's not at all I told you, BOP remember pre-trial I went through treatment with them and the whole time I was going to court I was going through that drug program and in my job they had me go away to treatment not at all. So you've had several prior treatment programs okay so I'm going to go ahead and put not at all there as well so that's the role play and that's basically what we would do at that point covering the subjects with them and walking them through the questions Okay very good let's turn this over to Kate at this point Thanks Derek, I'm going to do a couple of follow up questions on the role play between Mike and Grace being fairly consistent by the time Mike got her to those yes answers page one a little inconsistency in page two what are the differences if you get somebody I guess consistent with page one and two and then inconsistent between one and two Grace? I think that really isn't uncommon if you have an individual who's throughout the screening in questions one through nine saying yes and they're agreeing that there was an addiction but on page two you realize that the individual is starting to say well I don't have a problem it could be real for that person just as you saw in the role play that they have gone through the drug treatment programs while in an institution and maybe even pre-trial or in fact what you may be hearing is that there's some denial to the fact that that person needs treatment at that time and actually minimizing their addiction so what the officer or I suggest the officer do is I refer the offender back to what the score of the TCU actually said what those findings were and share with the offender what your recommendation is going to be based on those findings and just the opposite if you have an offender who's cooperative throughout the screening excuse me who's denying the need for treatment throughout the screening in questions one through nine no I haven't had a problem no there's been no difficulties however towards the end in page two they start to say yes there is a need there is a problem I do need treatment then that's good that's an indication that the officer may have actually broken through denial on the offender's part and that's what we want to do however what I would suggest is if you've received no's throughout that first part take the time to re-administer the tool because at that point you have the offender who's cooperative and you're more likely to get a more reliable answer or response okay thanks Grace and Mike from your perspective any comments you'd make on the role play or any comments you'd make on your experiences of actually doing this in your district thanks well I'd like to add to that that it's important that you help the individual deal with, be clear on the answers sometimes they may start minimizing at first and you can go along and then you start finding a little bit more honesty part of what maybe Grace was talking about later in the device you can go back and you can say okay let's talk about this area again it sounds like you're saying something a little bit different and so that was a valuable piece that we gained and also we found that it was important that we corroborated that information with other sources and we compared that it's important to emphasize this is a place to screen them quickly and to eliminate them as unnecessary referrals and to compare and contrast so that we have a good decision made based on several sources of information and not just the device by itself okay thanks Mike I'm going to turn this just to Dr. Knight for a minute for his comments on that whole role play and what was important from your perspective was your job showing how rapport can be established when an offender is being interviewed again if the form is placed in front of the offender and told to hurry up and fill it out because we got other things to do you shouldn't be surprised when the responses aren't consistent with what you expect so establishing rapport again is so critical and as Mike showed can be accomplished particularly with those experienced in interviewing the offenders for those who don't have the experience I highly suggest some training and basic interview skills can go a long way in getting the types of responses that are consistent with the problems the offenders present the other component is actually reading the item verbatim followed by clarification without actually leading the offender toward a certain answer probing's good but making them provide the answer you're looking for doesn't do you a service or the offender okay thanks one follow up with that Grace was saying that if the questions on page one and page two were just really contradicting each other or the answers I should say the questions don't contradict each other the answer if the answers are contradicting each other she was saying we administer the test don't just override what the score was with any instrument there should always be the option to override but it should be a difficult process to go through and in this case where she did on the second page indicate an openness to responses that weren't indicated on the first it is good to go back and go ahead and re-administer the first page so that you can end up with a drug screen score that is consistent with the referral that you're going to be making if in fact the in the end that doesn't occur perhaps an override needs to occur but I would suggest that at least one other correctional corrections person look at the form and look at the corroborating evidence to determine whether or not an override should occur so overrides are necessary but should be difficult to obtain okay thank you that's really important we have a number of facts that have come in with some good questions and I do want to get to them in a minute but first this is Mike Laughlin's favorite question so I'm going to go to him with this Mike you did the screening instrument you got at least three yeses from grace we know that that puts her into that DSM four category for drug addiction or drug dependency anyhow so now you've got the score of three or whatever you're coming up with and now you know exactly what to do with grace right no not quite please keep in mind that this is a tool by itself standalone it's a limited value so you really want to corroborate this information with other sources looking at reviewing the file material institutional records treatment records maybe even discussing the case with the defense or us attorney and some of their history back then the pre-trial officer other sources visits with the family during the pre-release can help you as well and so you want to compare and contrast that along with the answer and not just assume a high score like Kate just described does indicate a person needs to have some further step taken but that may mean only an evaluation by a provider and then they may look at that and say okay at this point in time the person is doing well enough and does not need anything further but at least you're looking at several sources and staffing the case with your specialist or your supervisor at the same time can help as well okay thanks Mike and to Derek other experiences from the national expert panel on how the interview is conducted or any other findings that the other members of the expert panel had that you'd like to add here yes Kate well the expert panel actually pilot tested the TCU drug screen they did they had options in fact they could actually self administer the TCU by actually giving the instrument to the defendant or the offender and have them fill it out and then have them give it back to them or they could use it as part of their one on one interview as you just saw Grace and Mike demonstrate and what we found out of the pilot was that the information was more solid when it was basically part of the one on one interview because it lends itself for an additional follow up question as you saw Mike did or clarification and it also kind of helps with that whole process but one thing that we did find is that it was easy to use and it took somewhere around 15-20 minutes I mean that's the approximation so it's just an additional tool that you put in your toolbox it's not a standalone you're still going to do pretty much the similar things that you've been doing but it gives you not only good solid interviewing questions that get to the heart of the substance abuse issue that the person may have but it also gives you an argument that you can basically have a uniformed way that you're kind of looking at the substance abuse cases and maybe even beyond the substance abuse cases. I also would like to add that at this stage because it's not policy we're encouraging people to use it at the pre-trial services stage if you think that that's something that you could benefit from also you know with pre-senders investigations and obviously for post-conviction cases when you're making decisions or trying to make decisions as it relates to treatment services so all in all we have found that this particular instrument is a good validated instrument that should be helpful in your district and for officers to use. Thanks Derek, let me just say that Derek just answered three different facts with what he just said so let me say that Jay Meyer from Minnesota Lou Harmon from the western district of Virginia and Karen Calhoun from Alabama Southern Pre-Trial all had pretty much those questions which went to the using the instrument at the pre-trial pre-sentence and post-conviction stage was one preferable over the other or could it be used at all stages and I think from what Derek was just telling us it certainly can be used at any stage I'm just going to ask Dr. Knight if he has any comments to make on that. Now I obviously can be used at a variety of different points in the process the key here though is the reference point is that 12 months prior to incarceration so whether it's being used at pre-trial or during probation the reference period should be the same in both settings but obviously the closer to that time at risk the more likely you are going to be getting honest responses so therefore the pre-trial stage may actually be the preferred place of assessment or in this case screening. Okay and a follow-up to that because we had one from Mark here in Georgia Northern and I'll find your name in a minute but Mark had asked if somebody was actually incarcerated you're talking about the 12 months prior to incarceration but we now have people who have been incarcerated for 5, 10, 15 20 up years so are we still talking about the 12 months prior to incarceration? Yes although it may be a common misperception that drug use is rampant in the correctional system and it may occur occasionally the reality is we're talking about the street time the at risk time prior to incarceration and although this one may have been incarcerated for 10 or 15 years the reality is they generally have a pretty good idea or memory of their drug use patterns and that's really what we're getting at here are drug use patterns during that 12 months prior to incarceration so ideally interviewing prior to incarceration is going to result in the best responses but 12, 15, 20 years later we still find that they can recall their drug use prior to being incarcerated Okay thanks doctor and I'm sorry that was Mark Davis from Georgia Northern so I thank you for that Mark Mark had another question that I'm going to take back to the panelists to and Mike to answer on this you've sort of touched on it but I really want you to focus in on his question the drug screen does not appear to address deception, defensiveness or denial certainly things that happen with a lot of our substance abusers our clients are not known for honesty and self-evaluation of chemical dependency and how do we address this issue so if you just go back and touch on that I'd appreciate it Okay the instrument does look at denial and the level of motivation that the individual may have we talked about that a little earlier and you can find out on page 2 in the last three questions and the way these questions are structured it actually determines what level of denial the offender may be at or what level of motivation he may be at in receiving treatment so it is there and it's built into these questions in addition to that it's important to look at as Mike has already shared the collateral information that you're going to have when you're sitting down with the offender so if it does appear that there is some denial there then you can simply take the time and make reference to what the pre-sentence report may say and just letting the person know that there appears to be denial and you want to talk about that Right and I want to add to that also that it's important that you use other individuals involved in their case as well so you may talk to a family member you may talk to the attorney or the pretrial officer and get other sources of information there also and I think just establishing yourself as an advocate even though I realize self-report answers which is what this tool is made of is a limiting factor using other sources of information and establishing yourself as an advocate helping them to produce positive change and be successful can minimize the level of denial as well Okay thanks and I think from what Mike and Grace are saying this really does support the principles of Monograph 109 and 111 very solidly so you're looking at the individual looking at that individual's risks and needs and tailoring your case plan to it and what this instrument does so beautifully is to really help support what conclusions you're coming up with Let me go Derek I'm going to get this back to you because you've said it twice and I want you to say it yet one more time I have a phone from Alabama Southern also asked is this a mandatory part of the supervision process or is it merely a recommended tool for substance abuse screening So let me go back to you Well at this particular point in time we are just now providing this drug screening instrument as information at this time as I said we are going to submit this to the criminal law committee in December to endorse this so right now it is not mandatory The national expert panel has already pilot tested this particular instrument so what we are trying to do is broaden pretty much the base of people to get a chance to use it at different stages and as we basically pretty much put it out there it will help everyone with your particular decisions that you have to make as it relates to substance abuse One of the things that we have done just to kind of set the stage is that at least two spaces impacts ECM the new 3.0 version so that is there is a place there but we are not requiring at this time and we don't know what the criminal law committee will do with regards to this but at this point we can honestly say that this has been an easy to use, validated good, helpful instrument and we want everyone now to kind of expand the use of this instrument just to see basically pretty much if it is helpful to them to do that also maybe a little bit and say that this is an understanding we are trying to eliminate unnecessary referrals and so this helps you to eliminate a lot of referrals that went there before and it is a quick screening instrument it is guided, you have got questions that are guided so you are going to get more accurate information from them and just not assume which many times we do that we get a condition on the judgment and we say okay off you go and we rubber stamp them down the road this gives us a tool in conjunction to determine what the level of true need is and we may be able to eliminate referrals in that process and it can be used and tested out now even though it hasn't been formal policy yet and I would also just add in addition to eliminating referrals you may also target those particular individuals that need services so I think they are very solid questions a lot of times you may ask some of these questions but chances are if you are doing an interview you are not going to have a time, well not necessarily a time but you are not going to actually ask those 15 questions I know we were talking to Grace earlier and you mentioned a scenario when you were administering this drug screening instrument and tell us a little bit about where you may have had some initial feelings about what this particular person may have as far as a substance abuse issue and then as you went through the screening process you found out something totally different as it was shared we are seeing many of our offenders had complete longer periods of incarceration and I was conducting an interview on an offender that had been incarcerated for six years so it was my natural feeling that well most likely there was not a need at that time at the present time for drug treatment however I went ahead with the interview and he was very cooperative and what it showed was that he admitted throughout the interview that he had an extensive history of drug use he admitted that there was some use while he was away and most importantly towards the end he admitted a need for continued treatment and I believe had I not used the TCU because of the validity of the questions and it helped me shake my interview it really got to the core questions of talking to him about his addiction and probing and getting him to respond appropriately and helping me to make that appropriate referral for treatment thank you Grace okay I appreciate that because I think that is the perfect story of what happens on that day to day basis when you're just so involved in what you're doing and this instrument really gives you a chance to kind of step back and check your own assumptions we have another facts from Jeff Purcell in northern Alabama and I'm going to give this to Dr. Knight most substance abuse screening tools like the sassy and mast are designed for the general population is the TCU drug screen instrument a better tool since it was designed for the criminal justice offender and if so how so well I think we've spoken to the reliability and validity of the instrument previously in the one slide that compared it with the other instruments the bottom line is the TCU drug screen was also developed for community application but has been revised and tested for correctional settings and fairly recently we've been able to establish its use as reliable across race and ethnic lines across gender breakouts and across age different age breakouts some of the other instruments that are commonly used do not hold up well in these different subgroups so obviously we feel like at this point we have the evidence to back its application in the correctional various correctional settings okay I'm going to stay with you just for a minute we've talked about this screen we've talked about using it and we know it's up on our website but that's not really where they should go for it right tell us a little bit about where people should go for more information yes for more information the best place I would recommend you go is to our website at the IBR and the website address as you've seen across the bottom of the screen before is www.IBR.TCU www.IBR.TCU.EDU in addition to the drug screen form you'll find another a number of other assessments and instruments that can be downloaded for free use a number of brief interventions that you may be interested in as well as a number of research summaries of the different projects we've been involved with I encourage you to go there and make use of it I would encourage you to do the same I've been up on that website and it really is it's easy to navigate through it's got a lot of great information and a lot of really good links so that's the IBR website for all of you out there in the field who are going to be using this and all the managers I'm going to turn this over to Derek so he can tell you how to get more support and what other information is going to be available from ops on this project yes on the JNET the OPPS website the TCU drug screen under the substance abuse treatment services section you can get information with regards to that there also under the national expert panel we have information there also the other thing that I would ask you to do in addition to Mike Laughlin from the 5th circuit and Grace Sanders from the District of Columbia circuit get in touch with your representative a list of those particular people on the JNET want you to kind of contact them they're just as intimately involved in this process as we all are they've been very invaluable when helping this process to get to where it is so it's on the JNET OPPS website and also under the national expert panel okay thanks Derek let me go back to Grace and to Mike and to ask you for some closing comments so Mike let me go to you first I think thanks Kate let me just close in my end in saying that our pilot test of this device found that it's a good, brief, accurate tool to measure and target our resources to those that are in the greatest need we also found that it was important to corroborate that information against other sources and to establish ourselves as an advocate in that process we feel like it's important that you work toward understanding that this is a risk a lot of people ask okay what do we do now what do we do with them we got this score understand it doesn't tell you where to go with them okay this score means this that's your professional judgment which we emphasize and so you need to look at all the sources including the score on the TCU to make that decision and to recognize that the whole purpose here is to be an advocate for positive change establishing objective objectives that are outcome driven and so that would be all I would add I like to add we found we had the same findings that Michael had but just to add as a result of all using the TCU in a district of Columbia and to stay to parallel that which has come out in a new monograph 109 we've developed a memorandum of understanding with the halfway houses in DC we want to have an early intervention into the offenders case planning and case work and a big part of that is going to be out using the TCU so we're excited about that and it's going to help the offender it's going to help us help the offender in determining what type of treatment he's going to need okay thanks to all of you I can't believe it our hour is up I'd like to thank Dr. Knight, Derek Goddard, Mike and Grace for joining us on the set go to their websites get more information thank you all for spending your time with us today and have a good one bye bye


You all wanna know what gambians eat, right? What's the most famous dish in Gambia? We have a lot of dishes, but ebe is one of the favorite. Because many young people take it all the time. Young people? What about the old people? They too take it, but the reason why I said young people is because if you wanna have any dish at any time of the day, people always ask for ebe. And that's because it's very, very spicy and it's kind of an appetizer before you can have a main dish. Wow, let's go find out. Ebe, huh? You should try it. Yeah, I'm gonna try ebe. Oh my goodness. So this is eba? No, it's ebe. Oh, ebe. They have been eating eba all the time. No, the Nigerian eba, so people say eba. Eba, you know. The name is what? Ebe, E-B-B-E-H. Wow, ebe, not eba. It's a spicy food, so that's why most young people eat it, like I said initially. So what it's made out of is, they use kasava for it. They use kasava? Yes, and palm oil. Kasava? Kasava, yes. But I thought people in Gambia don't eat fufu. No, we do eat fufu, but fufu is not like a Gambian dish, except for the Akus who make it and the Nigerian restaurants, you can get fufu from there or from the Israel unions. But when you talk about Gambian dishes, that's when you talk about Benetin, you talk about Super Kanja, you talk about stew, that's what we call stew, either stew, jain, stew, yapa, and ebe and the likes. Ebe, so like ebe is made out of kasava? Yes, and there is fish in it, smoked fish. Smoked fish? Yes. It looks like palm oil. Yes, there is palm oil there too. And...  I actually forgot the name, but what's the name? Bokoyam, for it? Bokoyam, we know all these things, right? Well, I've been to Ghana, I love Ghana. Wow, what's your favorite Ghanaian dish? Wache. Everyone loves Wache. I love Wache. When I'm in Ghana, I can eat Wache every time, like all the time during the day.  Wow, now I'm going to stick to ebe. Please do. So like, can you show us the right way too? Well, it's simple, there are spoons and each of the spoons go with each you want to eat. Then this is the seafood, you have shrimps in it, you also have crab. And this is what we call dahar. It's kind of, how do I call it? It's sour, it tastes sour. So it makes the food really spicy. You can try it alone or you can have it in the ebe, like that. You can mix it. Oh my God. Then you try. This one is too sour. So you can just put it and mix it like that. Like it. I don't know whether I will be my friend again. We're right now at Homeway and Homeway is the best place you can get really nicely cooked ebe, homemade ebe. Yes. This is so good. But now I really understand why a lot of champions are telling me to go try ebe. Ebe is nice. Too spicy. Yes, it's too spicy. Too spicy. Gambians naturally love spicy food. Really? Yes, naturally love spicy food. Can you try the Ghana pepper? Yes, I did. The green and the red. Yes. I came to Gambia and flew at home because most of your dishes just look exactly like what we eat in Ghana because almost all the dishes you can find pepper in it. Not like when you go to East Africa they don't eat pepper at all. Oh, they don't? I've not been there. Oh, you've got to try it out. It's more spicy. Try it with this? Or if you want you can use a crabbing. Try it with this.  Wow. Yes. This is too good. A lot of the father has got spices in it. Mm-hmm. And it has carbohydrate also in it. Everything, cassava, I know. There is protein, it's balanced. Really, really balanced. But you don't have okra in it? Oh, no. There's no okra. But how come it has this sticky color? That's because it has starch. Oh, okra. Yes, so that's why it's... I thought like they add okra. You have okra too? It's called supercangia. Oh, you also have okra soup. Let me call it supercangia. Yes. So that's seafood. You can try it. So that's it. This one, how do you use your hand? You can use your hand and grab a bite and all that. See? Grab a bite and I'm sorry. So it's always... Have you tried crabs with me? Yeah, of course. Try crabs with me. So like, do you guys eat at Bedouin special occasions like weddings and stuff? Especially during birthday ceremonies, people make a bed. So there was a time that Selonians and Nigerians are like, how can we prepare a bed for a birthday? But it's made actually for take away. When people have birthdays, when they have weddings, if necessary, they make a bed in the white bowls and they serve it to guests that come to attend the program. Yes. This is really good. And trust me, I will surely recommend this to them. Whenever you come to the Gambia, make sure you try a bed. A bed. Don't lose it. A bed. Because trust me, it has all the nutrition I need. Protein, carbohydrate, vitamin, all of them. It's a balanced diet and I really enjoyed it. That's what I'm recommending it to you. But how much does it cost? Like all the one that we have on our table? For this, each plate is 100. 100? So it's 300 together. 300? Yes. Which is very cheap? Yeah, it can be cheaper. The prices vary. But because this is the best place you can get really nice one with everything. Okay. So that's why it's a good place. So this is the best place to eat a bed? Yes. The best place I know. No. So many other people can make very nice food. So if you go to other places, can it be cheaper? Yeah, it can be cheaper. Oh my goodness. Then next time, take me to the cheap place because I come to the village. I don't like expensive places. No problem. Anything you want to tell them? I want to say Gambia is home. Thank you. I know it was on the main coast of Africa. Oh, that's how I keep my eyes on you. When you go outside, you hear so many stories, especially those that have never been to this country before. But Gambia is the best place you can have food. You can see beautiful places. Our beaches are lovely. We have very nice historical places that you can also visit. I'm sure you have not tried there for Boullain. I'm going to the store. Oh, perfect. Jouffre and the light. So all of those are historical places that really signifies our heritage and culture. So you can try those places and also see. So you're always welcome to the Smiling Coast of Africa. We're always smiling. It's a beautiful country to be in. And I would say that don't forget to smile because we are shooting this video right from the Smiling Coast of Africa, the Gambia. I am Maya. No, hold on. Let me open your mouth. You also open your mouth. One, two, open your mouth. Peace out.


Hey, this is Brett and this 2014 Ford F350 Crew Cab Long Box Dual Re-Wheel Platinum Edition is stock number 14037Z. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. This 2014 Ford F350 has the 6.7-liter power stroke diesel engine. It's paired up with the six-speed automatic transmission. This truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. I'm going to go all the way around in this video. Inside, underneath, start it up and take a look under the hood to give you the most accurate representation possible. White platinum tricote metallic is a color. I shoot all my videos in 4K. And if you like the video, you can subscribe to my YouTube channel, which is YouTube.com slash Summit Auto. Click the bell notifications, and you'll get updates in the videos I do each and every day, as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle and heavy-duty truck walk-arounds on YouTube. Front wheel is in excellent shape. Polished aluminum wheels on here. These are 17-inch wheels. And it has Michelin Defender LTX tires. These are LT24575R17s.  You can still see the little wear knobs on there. We put these front tires on in our safety inspection. Frame and underbody is very, very clean. As you can see, that's because this truck has been owned in Texas. It's pretty much its entire life. It's a clean title history, clean car facts as well. Headlight lenses are nice and clear. Factory fog lights, and the front bumper is in nice condition. I didn't see any major dents or scuffs on there. It does have the chrome tow hooks, the platinum-style grille. And the hood is in really nice condition as well. I didn't see any major dents or dings on there. Passengers' side front fender is in nice shape. And the passenger side front wheel, no major scuffs or scrapes on there. That looks really good as well. That tire is also new. And as you go down this side of this 2014 Ford F350, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. Take these HD videos so if you're far away, or even if you're close by, and you just cannot make the trip down, you can still see the truck here, the truck, and of confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises. And you can make sure that you're coming on a very clean vehicle and make a smart buying decision from wherever you're at. If this video helps you make a smart buying decision, let your salesman know that you saw the video that it was helpful and that Brett sent you. Do we tub in pretty nice shape? Lower rockers all look really good. This back wheel is in excellent condition as well. Back tires are not new, but they have, I would say, 60 to 70% of the tread left on them. Look at that frame and under body. It does have rear airbag suspension, the camper package with the anti-sway bars right there. And that frame and under body is that clean all the way underneath has all the remaining factory exhaust and absolutely no corrosion under there. Lower rockers, cab corners, all look fantastic as well. And you do get the very nice factory chrome step bars. That dually tub is in nice condition. You get the chrome tipped exhaust coming around to the back, the rear bumper is in nice shape. Does have the backup parking sensors. No major dents on there. Does have a full towing package, which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring. And the tailgate is in really nice condition as well. Get that platinum style badge on the back there. Has the tailgate step assist, spray and bed liner, fifth wheel and goose neck prep package, seven pin wiring. Get the tractor supply toolbox there. And there's the other side of that step assist. That shuts nice and solidly. And as we go down the driver side, just as clean as that passenger side. No major scuffs or scrapes on the box or dents. And the dually tub is in pretty nice condition as well. This back wheel for full disclosure, excellent shape too. And down the rest of the side of the truck, doors and cab all look really good. It does come with an auxiliary transfer tank. This is an RDS transfer tank and it holds 60 gallons. That is included with this vehicle. Down the rest of the side of the truck, doors look really good, didn't see any dents, didn't see any dings. Does have the power scope mirrors. They power fold in, power telescope out. They're heated, have built in directional signals and chrome trim on the back. You get the keyless driver side door code entry. We do have the code for this truck. And if you ever wanted to figure out what your code is for your 11 to 16 super duty, in the upper right hand press screen, got a video showing you how to find that. This one comes with the pecan brown leather interior. Back seats are in fantastic condition. Power side and rear window with the built in rear defrost. Absolutely no rips or tears. You get the black leather inserts in there. Storage compartment underneath that locks with the ignition key. And you get a nice set of Oedro floor mats back here. They're all weather. Carpetting is very nice and clean. Looks like it has a set of factory carpet mats underneath in the back. 110 volt, 150 watt plug-in. Side curtain airbags. Child safety locks on the back doors and the bottoms and inside of the doors all look fantastic on this truck. Like I said, absolutely no corrosion. Texas truck, it's whole life. So if you're looking for this body style F-350, this is probably the one. It's all loaded up. It's got no rust and very nice and clean all the way around. There's your tire and loading information and the bin sticker. No Canadian trucks here. Inside, you get the same pecan, brown and black leather seats. You get the bucket seats in the front, no rips, no tears. Platinum stitched into the back rest. I don't think this truck's ever been smoked in. Both these front seats are power. You get the Oedro floor mats up here as well. And factory floor mats underneath. Power pedals, auto headlamps, power windows locks and mirrors. These mirrors do power fold in. I always like showing both sides so you know that both sides are working properly and the ignition's got to be on for that telescope feature to work. Once again, power pedals, auto headlamps and we'll hop inside, check out the miles, the radio and everything that this truck has to offer on the interior. And see that this one has 55,157 miles. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. And I'll show you those mirrors here, power scope out and in and both sides out and in. All right, you get the leather wrapped, wood grain trimmed, heated, leather steering wheel. So Bluetooth and audio controls on the right, cruise controls and information center controls on the left, six-speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift. You get the Ford MyTouch radio. This one does have the factory navigation system. There's highway 41, so you can see that is working nicely. You also get AM, FM and serious XM radio capabilities as well as your CD player and USB hookups.   You get 110-volt, 150-watt plug-in and sync of course with the Bluetooth cell phone capabilities. These cup holders can come out like so and there's storage underneath there. So that's pretty neat. Passender side, format and seat are in excellent condition. Once again, I don't think this truck's ever been smoked in, smells very clean inside.  Power sunroof, home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems and sunroof and power side where window controls and map lights. Let's start it up, take a look under the hood. Starts right up, no check engine lights or anything like that. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you've been able to verify the quality, condition, options and of course, cleanliness of this truck all the way around inside and out. One of the nicest body style of 11 to 16 F350s we've had in a while under the hood we have the 6.7 liter power stroke diesel engine, engine base very clean runs very smooth. Once again, this truck has been fully safety and inspected by our server shop has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off. Looks like it might have new batteries too that we put in. And this truck's 100% ready to go has an AFV cold air intake. There's the emission sticker. Shocks are doing a nice job holding that hood on. And this truck is 100% ready to go. I would highly recommend this truck and make quality and condition standpoint and to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, halftones, recoder tons, one tons, you name it we got to go to that website right there summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle all at summitauto.com if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto click the bell notifications you'll get updates on the videos they do each and every day as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle and heavy duty truck walk-arounds on YouTube. In fact, in a second we'll see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel in the upper left. A link to more F-350 videos I've done in the upper right, a link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the low right. Click those, check us out and we're super excited to help you with this ultra clean 2014 Ford F-350, crew cab, long box, dual rear wheel, platinum and white platinum tri-coatment out. Thanks again for checking out the video remember to like, subscribe and share on the YouTube channel, I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


Psychologist and noted decision-making expert Gary Klein wrote that intuition is the use of patterns that we have already learned, whereas insight is the discovery of new patterns. This observation is helpful in considering how leaders can more effectively approach problem-solving as well as organizational decision-making as they go on to lead increasingly complex organizations. While there is an expectation that leaders apply their valuable experience to the work, it is equally as important that leaders are open to the new insights that Klein references. These insights can be revealed and brought forward only through a culture of inclusion where all members of the organization feel empowered to point out these new patterns in ways of thinking to leaders who are truly open-minded and indeed seeking such feedback. Humility and openness to new experience can lead to new discoveries, insights as it were, that move the organization forward while fostering a growth and learning culture. If you are interested in learning more about the psychology of decision-making, we recommend Gary Klein's wonderful book, Street Lights and Shadows. Lead well this week.


This video will share some basic information about Film and Television Literature Index and how as student researchers you can make the best use of it in your schoolwork. Film and Television Literature Index is a subscription database that provides thousands of articles on Film and Television Studies. Their main purpose is to provide articles useful for students studying in these disciplines. The articles come from professional and scholarly magazines and journals and, as you might guess, cover a wide range of topics related to Film and Television Studies. The resources you find here go way beyond what is available from a Google search and also tend to be of a higher quality and reliability. Because this is a subscription database, you need to go to the library website to access it. You can use the library link in Talent or in My Hub to quickly get to the library website. Then any place you see the link A to Z databases, follow it to find a complete list of all the library's subscription databases. Scroll down to the F's or search the page for Film and select the Film and Television Literature Index. If you're not on campus, you'll be prompted to enter your K number and password to access the database. I'm going to show you two different ways to explore the articles in Film and TV Index by keyword or by browsing magazine or journal contents. Because we are searching a library database, the search works very differently than a Google search, so I will show you some tips, but also spend some time just playing around with the search to get more comfortable with using it. We'll start with some examples of keyword searching. Most often, you will have a topic in mind that you want to search such as a film, the name of an actor or director, or a theme or genre. Film and TV Index supports all these types of keywords. Mostly, you want to think about keeping the keyword terms as simple as possible. For example, if I want to read some commentary or analysis of the film Run Lola Run, I can just enter that title as a keyword search. You'll notice I typed the whole title into the first search box and leave the other text boxes empty. Sometimes, you're not looking for just anything about a film, you're looking for something specific about the film. For example, again for Run Lola Run, maybe I want to read about the unique structure of the storyline, how it repeats the same story multiple times. So I'll try adding the keyword phrase narrative structure to my search. As for each aspect of the topic, I put the word or phrase in its own search box. Another tip when running keyword searches is to play around with the terms and play around with different ways to look at your topic. In our last search, Run Lola Run and narrative structure might reflect exactly what I want to write about, however, there are many different ways to search for articles to support my argument. For example, I might try searching narrative structure and film, leaving the title of the film out of the search, or how about narrative structure and repetition. In this way, I might get some discussion on the use of repetition in narrative structure in general, which I can use to discuss Run Lola Run specifically. I'm reaching beyond the obvious and generating fresh ideas. Another way to find articles in the film and TV index is to browse. This can be a good technique if you're not sure exactly what you want to research or write about. You can scan through the contents of film magazines and journals to generate ideas. To browse, click on the publications link up at the very top of the film and TV index. On the next page, type in the name of the magazine or journal you want to browse. Some good titles to try are American Cinematographer, Black Camera the New Series, Cinema Journal, Horror Studies, or Sight and Sound. Once you select a title, you will see a list of available years along the right side of the page. Expand any of these, then select an issue to browse. You'll be taken to a list of articles from that issue. Scan through titles for anything that sparks your interest. Sometimes it can be confusing to figure out how to get to the article you want. If the article is available immediately, you will see the words full text, as in the first article on the screen. If it's not available immediately, it will say find full text, as in the second article shown. For the full text articles, just click on the title. You'll get to this page that has links to the article in HTML format or as a PDF file. In the case of an article that says find full text, click on those words to bring up a library search for the article. In most cases it will say we were unable to find direct full text links. Look further down the page and there is a button, request this item. This brings up yet another page where you can fill out your contact information and K number so the library can request a copy of the article for you from another library. This is called intern library loan and it is a free service for current Kirkwood students and employees. It can take between one to five days for the article to arrive in your email. One more tip before we sum it up. Each article in the film and TV database has a citation in MLA or APA format that you can copy and paste for your work cited page. Click on the article title to get to the full record. Then look for this yellow page icon. It brings up a pop-up window with citations for the article in several different styles. Look for the one you need, usually MLA for film studies, highlight it, then copy and paste it into your list of citations. To sum it up, start from the library website and use A to Z databases to get to the film and television literature index. Then play around with different combinations of keywords to hit on those articles that pique your interest, support your research and help you join the scholarly conversations around film studies. If you have any questions, just ask a librarian. See our website for all the ways you can contact us for help.