to you from the world, you know, for in-depth 2022, we're focusing now on climate transition in the emerging markets. And when I woke up this morning, I realized it's a 45-minute discussion, and we are looking to address and impact one of the most critical conversations of our time. Not impossible. Anyway, we're going to keep it very, very simple, and we are going to really focus on the finance that we need to address the situation when it comes to climate finance across emerging markets and developing markets in order to ensure that the whole world can meet their objectives by agenda 2030, and then, of course, net zero by 2050. Again, we've got 45 minutes. We're having opening discussions before I introduce my esteemed panelists. Thank goodness they're here to help me solve this 45-minute equation for the world. But before we do that, it is my honor to introduce to you Mahmoud Mohaldin, who's the UN Special Envoy on Financing the 2030 Agenda and COP 27 High-Level Climate Action Champion. Dr. Mohedin, would you like to just set some context for us as we go into this high-powered discussion for the next 45 minutes? I'll give you four minutes, sir. All right, very generous. Thank you so much. Good morning to you all. Good afternoon, good evening, whatever you are around the world. I came here with good intentions not to be controversial. This is the intention, but let's see how it will end. Climate finance is and should be development finance. And we have been victims, not just in emerging markets and developing economies, of a reductionist approach to sustainability for it to mean only climate and climate change and for climate change to mean only mitigation and for mitigation to mean carbon and carbon pricing. I'm not undermining the importance of any of that, but I shouldn't really be ignoring the connection between the efforts that we should be doing in carbon, carbon pricing and energy and just energy transition to the development agenda. Without a holistic approach, we are missing a lot. Without a holistic approach, we cannot convince the poor who are getting poorer after crisis upon crisis, COVID, Ukraine now with food security challenges, financial challenges, access to all kinds of fuel and indeed matters related to food security because of shortage of fertilizers. So in order to convince the general public and the policy makers, even if you are specialized in energy or you are specialized in carbon, you need to have this holistic approach. And it's not difficult because at the end of the day, climate change is SDG 13 of the sustainable development goal that had been blessed by more than 190 countries back in 2015. Just operationalize that and we'll be in business. Second, Nigel and I, the champion for Glasgow, and beyond, we have been talking about pledges, claims, people much more articulate than me, taking the floor and the stage, saying how much they love the planet, how much they claim that they need to do good for it, but very little if implementation had happened since. I'm saying before Paris, during Paris, after Paris. So we don't need more pledges or claims, we need implementation in the field. Show us the money, show us the knowledge and we can in developing economies and emerging markets, we can provide pipeline of projects and the business environment that can support the projects. And when we're discovering new things, people talk about developing economies and emerging markets as if they haven't been hosting many successful high return operations around the developing economies and emerging world. Third point, regionalization. Some of the projects are going to be with a scale that will not really be feasible with some small economies. So regional approach is not just for the good spirit of partnership as DG17, but it makes sense when you are establishing such huge projects. So here, five round tables, five four, are going to be established in partnership with UN system, with the regional economic commissions, with GFans, those who have the 130 trillion plus and those who have the project pipeline that could really be subject to good matchmaking. Localization. This is new in the business of COPs for the first time ever. And of course I'm having Mrs. Pinoza with us. This is the first time and this will make you happy, I hope, happier. That bottom up approach who are going to be running a competition in Egypt, starting with villages, townships and cities and districts to select the best fitting companies who can establish themselves as green and smart at the same time. That will be bringing great deal of awareness to everyone. It's not going to be just for the elite and the experts who will be in Sharma Sheikh, but for everybody. Final point, finance. We have an issue with finance. 100 billion, good luck with that. We need that to be multiplied by a factor of five or 10, but that will not be sufficient. Private sector leveraged by this kind of finance is going to be the solution. Meanwhile, it is, I would say, criminal to ask countries to buy their energy with high commercial debts and returns. I said I was going to be strict with time. So the solutions is going to be either grants or concessional loans or investment that will bring know how and knowledge with them. Opportunities and their partnerships could be established and there are many good models in the field that we can build on them. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. So right. And now let me introduce to you my esteemed panel. I've got Patricia Espinosa. She is the executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention for Climate Change. We have Patty Padmanathan, who's vice chairman and chief executive officer of Aqua Power. We have minister Mamaloko Kubaie, who is minister of human settlements in South Africa and Arifan Tasrifu, who's minister of energy and mineral resources in Indonesia. Thank you very much. We've got a very big agenda to fulfill. And Patricia, let's start with you. I mean, this has been your life for many, many years. I go back to May 2016. You took on this position as executive secretary. How are you feeling as we are eight years away from 2030 and we have deficits all over the place, especially in the financing arena? Well, definitely we are still lagging behind. Climate change is outpacing us in a way that we didn't even imagine just a few years ago. And finance is no doubt one of the key issues that can and should be put on the table in order to make the difference. I say very frequently that this generation, the generation of decision makers now have the rare opportunity to change the course of the history of humanity. And this is a very, very important moment because it's changing the history towards a resilient, a world where everybody can thrive and have opportunities or a world where we will see much more destruction, loss of lives, loss of livelihoods, more poverty. Mahmoud was talking about the SDGs and yes, climate change is one of the SDGs. But at the same time, climate change is related to almost all of the SDGs. So there's no doubt that climate change is at the center of development. And so it has to be included when we try to define policies on transportation, on agriculture production, on in general land use. Patricia, you made a comment. I've been watching many, many of your engagements in public forums and you made a comment that there is a lot happening. So when we sit here and we have these discussions and we think it is, just talk, talk, talk. Actually no, there's a lot happening behind the scenes. Perhaps just a quick statement on that before I bring to Patty. Yes, there is a lot happening. And I think there are very, just amazing examples of human ingenuity and capacity to improve the situation. And even I would say there are some solutions that don't even require a lot of resources. But the truth is that we need to scale up and accelerate the deployment of those technologies, especially in energy in the transition towards the new and renewable energy, but in all of the fields. So the key obviously is the climate transition in emerging markets. Now, I would say that we can't have that conversation in isolation. In fact, we should have all of the presidents of the developed world in this room in terms of closing the financing gap. Patty, I come to you. We're looking at $150 billion going into emerging markets on an annual basis right now. Ladies and gentlemen, we need one trillion US dollars on an annual basis to close the financing gap. Patty, to you. Thank you. So that one trillion is there. It can be accessed. And let me start off by what you pointed out. A lot is happening. The challenge is it's happening very fast and we're not able to, even we who are involved with it are not really understanding and grasping the value of it. So just a quick sort of summary of it. Just in the last, about seven years ago, those of us, in fact, and in many cases, even now, but those of us in the developing world, emerging markets, whatever you want to call it, who have access to electricity, that electricity is really costing anything from 200 to $300 a megawatt hour. Just keep that number in mind. Just today, we are starting to deliver. So it's happening over the last few years. At $30, look at the difference when the sun is shining and when the wind is blowing. Now, please don't get tangled up. That's intermittent. We consume a lot of energy and we can do a lot when the sun is shining and when the wind is blowing. So when energy is at that very high price, there isn't a hell of a lot you can do other than just use it for survival. But when the energy is so low, you can create enormous multiplier effect. Exactly like in the case of mobile phones, that's why people are running around the world carrying mobile phones. Not because they're talking to friends, because they're creating value out of them. It is such a low cost. Energy has reached that level. We just need to understand that and stop talking about a risk premium. So dealing with the financing, so today, of that 150 billion, most of it, 80% of it is coming from IFIs, multilaterals. The equity part, the 20% is coming pretty much from the private sector. At a premium, we know, we accept that the cost of money going into a developing world is six times the cost of money that is used in the developed world. But it is the IFIs who are charging that six times because it is them who are providing bulk of the debt. So step one, the IFI, the multilaterals, need to bring that cost down and accept that they're in the development business. So Patty, I'm gonna pick up there because I think it's not just the risk premium of emerging markets. It is a risk premium that the world is facing. It doesn't matter if Europe goes into their own deals, new energy deals. If they do not address emerging markets, nothing is going to have traction in terms of climate change. That is the reality. Minister, goodbye. Let's bring you in here. You've seen firsthand right now. KwaZulu Natal is a province in South Africa at the moment being devastated by floods. In fact, just this weekend, we've had the next round. Climate change is with us and it is impacting everybody across the board. Minister, goodbye. Time is over now for frameworks. We've got all the frameworks. Fantastic from the likes of Patricia and Dr. Mohaldin, et cetera. How do we change the game and get the developed world to believe that this is our joint problem? Now, definitely, I think the first issue is both, I think the panelists as well, spoke about the need to understand that as we do just transition, it has to be inclusive. It has to bring everybody on board. If we are to talk about the financing, be clear upfront. I mean, the financing for COP26, very excited about it, but now we're doing a lot of work instead of starting to implement, understanding the conditions that follows, which derails the whole implementation of it. I think that's what Paris say. If it's upfront here to say, this is what we are getting, this is the condition of it, then there's not much work that needs to be done that we can move into the implementation. All emerging markets, many of the countries have done quantification. I mean, those who are here interested, I've got my DBSA, which is Development Bank of South Africa, who are here, released a book quantified how much we need. So we clear on what we need to do and how much we need. Therefore, it's very easy. It's not an issue that's what you're saying. It's not an issue that we still wanting to understand. We know what needs to be done, and we've got to do it. We know how much we need and where we need to put the resources. And therefore, the talk shop has to end and we have to get into actually, but it has to be collaborative efforts, both public, private, and civil society has to come on board so that all of us can ensure that we do not see the devastating that we are seeing. I mean, we get to bear the brand as emerging markets. As you say, we have a beautiful city that is currently being ravaged by the floods and many people being displaced. We bear in the brand of climate change as South Africa. So public, private partnership, but also, and I'm going to drum this over and over again, partnership between the developed and the emerging world. We are in this together. Minister Tasreef, from Indonesia's perspective, you have set very stringent objectives in meeting agenda 2030. Perhaps you can give us an indication of the traction that you're having there, sir. Well, we have quite a tight schedule in order to reduce our emission in the country. Our target is to reduce 400 million tons by 2030. We do prepare such kind of plan of action. How we are going to do that. So it needs such kind of big support again, like it was mentioned before. We need support of technology. We need also support of competitive finance. We prepare our roadmap up to 2016, where our target is to reduce the emission by 1.5 gigatons of equivalent. And again, to reach that, the money that will be required to support us is more than 1 trillion US dollar. We have a huge source of renewable green energy in the country. We need to build such kind of infrastructure in order to utilize them, to send from the source to the market. We want to make our industry green. Yeah, we want to make a big participation on emission reduction in the world. So we would like to collaborate with all parties, which have the technology, which have access to finance to work together with us to achieve the goal by 2060 or even faster than that. Minister Tasri, if you have the G20 presidential delegation arriving in Indonesia in October and then of course they go to India in 2023. Come October, what are you asking the G20? Well, in our G20 member itself, we have to finalize the target of every countries when they are going to reach the year of net zero emission. And that all among the G20 countries, we have to be clear about the programs, about the technology, about the finance. So we can share priorities, et cetera. You know, the G20, they share for 80, more than 80% of the emission in the world. When we talk about Indonesia, emission per capita is low, but we are producing for sales. Yeah, we are willing to reduce it. We do, we plan, we do in-house activity to reduce that. Yeah, as for the time being, for instance, we reduce the risk of forest firing. Yeah, we successfully reduce 80%. So that's why last year we reached the number of 80 million tons of CO2 that we can contribute to be reduced. And great, Minister Tasri, to see that the money being raised is being put to effect and certainly impacting climate transition. Patricia, I want to come back to you. We raised, as the world, 15 trillion US dollars for COVID-19 in emergency relief. Yes. It's just 15 trillion dollars. Click of a finger. We're saying now, and let me give this number to you another way, that we need to increase climate finance 600%, it's 590% on an annual basis to reach agenda 2030. We're not even talking about 2050. Let's just get to 2030. So again, I come back to climate finance and if you were able to make one decision right now, would it perhaps be to punish those that don't behave and to reward those that do? Because I can only see that as the solution here. Well, you know, the multilateral system is about cooperation. It's about really getting... No punishment. No punishment. It's about getting on the boat for the well-being of all and understanding that the well-being of one part of the puzzle is really the well-being of all of them. So I think what we really need to have as the ground value is cooperation and solidarity and in our own individual interest. And I think that is what needs to be understood before that we go away from the idea that supporting this transition, if we talk about energy, for example, supporting the transition means helping others. No, supporting the transition means we are investing in our own well-being. We are investing in a better future for all. Now, having said that, yes, definitely, finance is the, I would say, the critical factor. It's not the only factor. It's true. And by the way, let me just mention in many developing countries, capacity building is also one of the very critical issues. But finance is certainly a critical point. Finance is needed for that capacity building. Correct. And you are mentioning, yes, because of COVID, all this money was raised that went mainly to the bigger and the more the richer countries. Imagine what that meant for countries in our process where they saw that the pledge made already in 2009 in Copenhagen of raising, mobilizing 100 billion yearly was not coming together. And at the same time, there was just this enormous mobilization of resources that were not foreseen, that were not planned. So this is really a very critical issue. It is also a trust issue. It's an element that is necessary to build the necessary atmosphere to have developed and developing countries working together, having trust, seeing each other as equals and really working together, joining forces for a better world. And I see Patricia's collaboration is very much a part of your ethos in the United Nations. What about Carrot and Stick? Is it not time, Patty? Come on. I mean, I've been, this is my 10th year in Davos, having these discussions for a decade now and we're still at the same point. It's a different world today. That's the reason, right? I'm much, much more optimistic because as I said to you, at $35, we have really now brought the risk levels down. So I think to be very fair, we need the private sector and the multilaterals to understand that the risk is very, very low now, default risk and so on. So you shouldn't be charging so much for the money. We should be pushing the private sector. We should be pushing the private sector to put more money at risk than just that 20% equity so that it can get blended with that lower cost of financing from the multilaterals. But also, let's not forget, the governments also need to, we can't just walk into a country and start implementing projects. We need, what is it? These are big capital intensive investments that we've recovered over a very long period of time. So what is it that we need? We need TLC, not tender love and care, but transparency, longevity and certainty of policy, okay? We need clear policy signal and the government's giving that signal and maintaining that signal. And we need to make sure that the policy makers are aligned with regulators. So that- But that's a bit of a catch 22 because again, this is another topic when you talk about an enabling environment that we ask of the governments, we need a track record. Patty, we need a track record. We haven't got time for them to build track records right now. We don't need, at $35, I don't need the track record for Wagga Wagga land to give me that.   Please. But where's the guarantee, Minister Kubai? Where's the guarantee that you're not gonna change the rules? You take this big capital injection as an emerging market play and it doesn't go to the right avenue. We know this all too well across the African continent. Look, I think one of the things that we have done in South Africa is one of our investors in one of our provinces in the Northern Cape where we have one of the mega plants in terms of renewable. But I think the other issue where he talks about transparency and sensitivity, what we have done for the energy project, for example, for our environmental assessment, impact assessment. We've developed what we call the rates. So in terms of, if you build within the zones that we have created, then we're reducing the time it takes for you to be able to apply for environmental impact assessment. So it reduces the red tape. We've paid attention more into those and we're starting to give certainty in the implementation of the projects. We're now paying attention into the regulator in terms of our NERSA way we're talking about application for NERSA. We've reduced that. We've increased it to just for clarity. On the application for environment, we used to have about 180 days. We've reduced that with more than 50%. Yeah, it's 90 days. I think that's the clap. Don't you think? Taking the red tape out of the situation. So we're paying attention to the red tape. We're paying attention to, like just making it easier in terms of processes. We learned over time as well because we had what we have the process of big windows in terms of energy. So when we did the first, the second, we took longer. Now we know at bit window six and very quicker, clear on what needs to be done and within the zone. You're going to echo that. This is working. Just not because South African ministers sitting next to me. I invite every developing country or emerging market to take a look at the renewable energy program of South Africa. Absolutely fantastic because it's structured and it is delivering inclusive. It involves communities within the zone of that project becoming shareholders even in that project. It is driving local content development. It is cutting red tape. It is making it much easier and it's attracted a hell of a lot of investment in. So, and it is delivering very competitively priced energy. So you can do it. It's not rocket science. As I keep saying, private sector is very, very good at doing most things, including following the rules if you set the rules right. And I just want to show you that this isn't actually a setup because I had a hand in the seating and I didn't know that Aquapower had this relationship with Minister Kubai. So, this is completely very circumstantial. He didn't know either. Minister Tassari, let's talk about this trust between the developed and the developing world again, bringing this back to the issue of we need the developed world to help finance climate transition in emerging markets. You're also invested in Indonesia, by the way. And I see why, Patty, you're sitting on that side in the central phase. There should be mutual benefit between all parties. But isn't mutual benefit saving the world, sir? I will say so. Yeah, at least majority of it. Yeah, so how come we can invite such a party to participate in the development of our country without a guarantee that they are getting a reasonable return? It is, about that. There is a need and demand. There should be much together. Patricia, we are racing towards COP 27. As I've already alluded to, G20 presidential delegation in Indonesia and October. COP 27 will be a pivotal moment for us as the world. And I think here we've got to go back to two and a half years ago when the COVID pandemic hit us. We have been given the opportunity to reset, recharge and change the way that we do things. Remember those pictures of not one single person in New York, not one single person in London, not one single person in Kenya, in Johannesburg. This is unprecedented. And it means we have to do something different. So COP 27, let's talk about this as we get to 15 minutes further to engage on this discussion, which again, I mean, this may be the last discussion I have as a moderator. And I really want to create some legacy for my children where they can say, well, my mother used to talk for a living, but at least she did something for climate change. So Patricia, COP 27, let's see what we can mobilize to COP 27. Look, COP 27, as you very rightly say, it's a pivotal moment. Why? Because in Glasgow, we managed to finalize all the rules for the implementation of the Paris Agreement. So in many ways, we have left behind the negotiation phase and we are starting now the implementation phase. Now, we are going to be meeting in Charmel Shake in a very complicated global environment. And we need to be very conscious about that because otherwise we will be unprepared, right? So we will be meeting in this very complicated environment. And yet there is no way that we can or leaders can go there and send the message to the world, to all the communities that are suffering from climate change that, well, this was not the right time to take action. We need to be able to show that there is progress towards full implementation. And as the minister was saying, we have the plans, we have all those nationally determined contributions. Yes, some of them can be improved. Many have not even been started in being implemented, but we have them. We have the big framework. We have all of that. So now it's the time where we need the investors to come. Yes, you are right. Also the governments to look at themselves and say, okay, what is it that I need to change in order to be able to attract these investments? We need the IFIs also to look at their own policies and their decision-making processes. And I mean, we really need to get everybody, the industry, by the way, also, in the different sectors of the economy. They are ready, the pieces are there, we need to put them together. Just maybe one comment about the island countries and the least developed countries that I think for them, we really need to work with a different mindset. And they deserve and they require also the support. And it is also their well-being that will impact the well-being of everybody around the world. Patricia, I think you make some very pertinent points there. And I want to pick up on the complex environment that we live in from a global perspective. Just last week, I hosted the African Development Bank joint meeting of finance ministers and agriculture ministers aimed at an emergency solution for the food crisis that is looming. Now, we don't know the impact of COVID-19 yet. It's too early to have any real indication of how COVID-19 has derailed climate finance. But as you say, a complex world, we've now got the food crisis. So how do we ensure that we don't get derailed with these short-term issues and really lose focus that this longer-term issue needs to be addressed in tandem? We cannot take money away from climate finance to deal with emergency situations. It needs to be done as a holistic solution, Patty. Yeah, well, look, I mean, you know, so 150 billion is going into the developing world for climate, we're spending trillions on. So we're not going to take money away, by the way. What I think we need to do is to continue to focus on showcasing what is really being done, what can be done, what the progress that is being made and continue to push the private sector to blend and multiply the amount of money that is already available out there. So today, the challenge, as I keep saying, is about the kind of lack of understanding of what is possible, what can be done, what is being done. And I think that's really what we need to continue to keep focusing on and start to really evangelize and showcase and go and do, okay? So, and we are, just before stepping up the conversation I just had, and we were both sharing our shared frustration. He's a minister, I'm from the private sector, I shared frustration of how things are slow, sorry, in his country, to kind of move on and get it implemented. That's the reality. But okay, we need to look past that. And I think we can, and I think there is the sense of urgency. Don't forget, and we talk too much, by the way, about renewable energy, renewable energy. Let's also not forget adaptation and everything else, which are desperately needed. Absolutely, we've only got 45 minutes though. Not enough. And only 10 left, actually. But coming back, let's not, so it is not correct to say that investment in clean energy is sort of coming down. So last year, 290 megawatts of new renewable energy capacity got installed in the world, fully expecting 320 megawatts, okay, this year. So it is- It's not coming down, but the rate at which it's going up, Patty, is reducing significantly. We're now at about 10% increase on annual basis. Much faster. Minister Kuba, I want to bring you to COP 27. As South Africa are going into COP 27, how are you going to make that forum count? What we need to do is to make the financing accessible and conditions favorable. Because unless we sort that out, it's not going to make us going anywhere. So we're seeing the commitment. We are hearing about the amount of money that is available. But are the conditions favorable? Is it something that we can work with as countries? Because that's what is becoming an impediment. The fact that we are talking about COP 27, we had COP 26, we had commitments. They've not been implemented. When you say make the conditions favorable, unpack that for me. Make the condition, for example, if you had to do grants, be clear in what amount you're putting on grants, what amount you're putting on loads, what amounts you're putting on- So that's the regulation framework. That's the regulation framework because, for example, and because it has to be within that country. For example, we had intention of utilizing the money that has been made available to us. It contradicts our conditions in the country, the laws of our country. So it's difficult. Minister of environment comes back and say, I've managed to get this Minister of Finance saying you can't, you know, because the conditions that you are carrying the money is not what we agree to. It's putting a parent to the state, it's putting the parent to the fiscal. And that's what is important in terms of the conversation because otherwise we talk about financing, we talk about, and therefore we leave conversation thinking that money is accessible, money is available. And it can't be money that is going to put countries, especially poor countries and developing countries to long-term debts. It's not sustainable. Minister Tasry, if we look at your portfolio as Minister of Resources and Energy in Indonesia and you've got to balance that with the Minister of Agriculture in Indonesia who now is facing this looming food crisis, how do you ensure that the spend remains equitable, that you keep focusing on climate finance, on energy, on renewables, as well as provide for emergency situations like the looming food crisis? Well, of course we should, first of all, I would like to make a clear up again. We are not frustrating. We both have to proceed with this. Yes, you are my partner and then we work together. We will support all the things to achieve the goal. Yeah. Glad we could have that bilateral meeting, right? Okay. Well, as Indonesia itself, that well, recently we have excess capacity of energy. Yeah, that this is the thing that we have to overcome. How can we reduce the fossil energy source and bring the renewable to come? This is the issues that Paddy mentioned earlier. And we have a program. How to make early retirement? There is an ETM process right now being carried on. Hopefully we can conclude within this year. It will show the collaboration, the support of financial institution to us in order to accelerate, to bring more contribution to reduce the emission. So if this thing happened, it might happen also to others. So I want to take a moment just to pull from the audience. And we've got Somaila Zabaru, who is here from Africa Finance Corporation. We talk about development finance institutions. I'm going to ask for that. Mike, please to be handed to Somaila. It's just on the table there. Thank you very much. And if we could get your thoughts, Somaila, on coming back, you know, seven minutes to close, coming back to mobilizing finance. It's been a discussion point you've heard Paddy say we need to have accessible financing at low rates. Can I get your input here, sir? Thank you very much. I think I would like to take us back to this real situation in Africa. You know, because we have, the real transition for us in Africa is really how to get more energy. Because right now we are at about 180 kilowatts per hour. You know, most parts of the world, 6,000, 12,000. You know, so that means that there is no emission per se. Especially if you consider the fact that certain African countries like Africa Republic is absorbing more than they emit. So the real path for us is how do we save the forest that we have in Africa? Because they are the carbon sinks of the world. How do we give basic Africans better alternatives than firewood for cooking? How do we finance natural gas, LPG, and other such mechanisms that will conserve the forest? The forests are already absorbing most of the carbon dioxide of the world. We know that emissions have no borders. So the African forests are already absorbing carbon. So we need to conserve those forests. The second thing we need to look at is Africa's population is growing. So as we grow, we need to look at renewable sources of energy. We need to look at solar, wind, hydro, to the extent possible. We also need to look at natural gas as well as the transition fuel. Like everybody else in the world is doing. But we need financing for that to come through. So for example, we used to get ECA financing for most natural gas projects, but we don't get that anymore. That goes to only OECD countries. So we need to look at that again and see how we can have more export credit financing for Africa. And to this point, the interest rate is just too high. It's just too high. We need to find a way of bringing it down, especially because we know the default rate is much lower than anticipated. But more importantly, how Africa can help in the energy transition is that we need to stop these ocean grain voyages that go take raw materials from Africa to Asia and Europe for processing and then bring back to Africa. That has to stop. Ocean grain voyages are the sixth highest emitter in the world today, and we need to reduce that. Then of course we need to build more resilient infrastructure, our infrastructure. I'm cognizant now that I'm almost into the close of our debate. I think you've given us a huge amount to think about as we go into final comments. And I want to bring it back to climate transition in emerging markets. Where we started, as I said, I really need to make this conversation count for my children and the next four minutes are in your hands. So, Patricia, let's talk to one of the points that you want to drive home and let's make this conversation for the developed world, for the years of the developed world, because we know that's where the money sits. We know that that money needs to be deployed into emerging markets and close the gap. I'll leave you with that stat one more time. We need to increase climate finance by 590% annually in emerging markets to achieve Agenda 2030. Patricia? Well, I think it's very clear and we have all the evidence that investing in this transition in the emerging markets, but in general in the developing world is a big business opportunity also for business and investors from the developed world. And I think this is not yet fully understood. Again, I mentioned just a moment ago the case of the islands and the case of the LDCs, which may need to be, we need to have a different treatment, but in general, and the evidence is there, so many better jobs are being created, so much more value is added, so much cheaper energy we are getting. So I would say that this is, to me, the big message I would like to get. Three minutes, one minute each, Patty. Right across the emerging markets, sun shines every day, even in the middle of nowhere, all the rural households, the fastest way to electrify, get electricity penetration, rooftop, mini grids, micro grids, the business models are there, the components are cheap enough now, huge multiply impact. So there's one thing, I think there are many more things, but if there's one thing that we want to target, that's one of the things that I would be pushing for in COP 27, and how to get multilateral financing at a virtue at a grant rate, supplemented by very low, properly priced private sector to at least multiply that by three times. Minister, goodbye. For me, to developing countries that we do not only have to be the consumers of technology, when we set localization targets, work with us to develop, because we would want to be the producers of the technology as a continent. Minister Khasrif? Yes, I think every party in the emerging countries, they have to utilize whatever they have in the energy and inform them how to use the clean energy. And then the government can be support while waiting the support from outside. So let's see what is the capability inside and then try to develop the understanding you have to educate the people how to use the clean energy for their home. Thank you very much, Minister Khasrif. Well, we have one minute to go. And this morning when I was waiting for the shuttle for the Congress center, I saw these two little girls. They must have been all of seven years old standing at the road crossing, the zebra crossing. They were holding hands and they were smiling. And I thought, you know what? That's the right place to end this discussion. Let's make it personal because let's use those two little girls that I saw this morning with smiles on their faces, skipping and hopping across the zebra crossing when the cars let them go through. Let's use them as representatives of all the children in the world. And let's mobilize the finance that we need as a starting point to close that gap. Let's get the developed world to work together with the emerging world to create a safer, sustainable world for all of our children and their children and their children. Thank you so much to my esteemed panel and thank you very much to our audience today. Thank you.


Hey guys, I just currently 945 and we just got back from our morning walk not too long ago We saw an owl which is really random, but so cool anyways So I'm about to go to Julia's house because she's in surgery right now So I'm about to go drop her off a little the gift bag that I made her I'm just gonna leave it out at front door So would you come so you can see it and I just literally got a package from Australian gold the sunscreen face sunscreen that I ordered So I want to try it and put it on real quick Because I need to put on sunscreen today Obviously, so I do try to do it every day So I want to put it on but I didn't want to put it on or unbox it without you guys Because I told y'all that I would tell you how it is Okay, oh, these are really good sides for the price. Wow I'm already impressed. Okay. These are the two that I got I'll put them like here so you guys can see I will have them linked down below if you guys want to check them out And they were only $20 each Canadian which is really good because I had this other like little sunscreen I was even smaller than this and it was more expensive So really good deal and then I got a lighter shade and then I got a medium shade Just because I know that my skin tone is gonna be changing in the summer So I have the ability to like mix them or use whichever one suits my face best And then I also bought this 30 SPF instant bronzer So you put it on before you go in the sun and makes you look all glowy and cute Yeah, but obviously I'm not gonna try this now. So I'm like nothing on my face except like Vaseline right now So I'm so excited to try this Definitely using the lightest one because I'm so pale right now. Okay, this size of these are really good 88 milliliters Like it's really good size and they came really fast. I ordered them like a week ago They came within like a week, which is really good thought it was gonna take longer. Okay. Here we go 50 SPF Oh and also so I'm gonna educate you guys a little bit on sunscreen there's such thing of UVB and UVA rays and you want to have a high UVA Protection in your sunscreen because that is what prevents anti-aging. So these have a high UVA in them And not every sunscreen has high UVA usually Honestly, most sunscreens have almost no UVA protection So make sure you're getting a good sunscreen with good UVA protection.  Okay update I just put it on also side note my face is like looks extra greasy because I had fast and lean on it So when I spread the sunscreen it kind of spread the Vaseline around I should like remove the Vaseline before I put the sunscreen on regardless It's so good like the consistency is perfect It just soaks into my skin because this is like a mineral sunscreen It's not a chemical sunscreen and this is the other mineral sunscreen that I was using before Sunbum 30 SPF mineral sunscreen And this one didn't soak into my skin and this one is so good you guys I'm like so impressed this light shade is perfect for my skin tone right now So I'm glad I got the darker one as well so I can like mix it in for the summer Yeah, I'm really impressed I will link these down below if you guys want to try them out for yourself because so good and 50 SPF Perfect for the summer, but yeah, I think I might order more because I don't want them to sell out like I need to I need a Stalk of these. Yeah, I honestly feel like I wouldn't even need much makeup after like putting this on I feel like I would just do like maybe a little bit of concealer bronzer, and then you're good to go So impressed. Okay. Anyways, um, yeah, I'm gonna head to Julius now Okay, it is later now. I was doing a little bit of work It's like two o'clock right now and this is my second drug of the day finish my first one So we're under the second, but I'm feeling a little bit of a divot right now Meaning like my energy is going like that so which means this means that it is coffee or matcha time I think I'm gonna have a matcha But I'm gonna make my matcha a little bit bigger this time because I only ever put like one teaspoon of matcha powder But I feel like I drink that way too fast, and it's kind of like I don't know I just go through too fast I kind of want it to last longer today, so I think I'm gonna do like two teaspoons of matcha today So like double double cup. I do have a drip appointment at four and it's at four later Like two hours, so I'm gonna make my matcha and then probably just sit at the computer again and finish off my work for today Well, I drink my matcha and then later on me and Joel really want to go grocery shopping today because We just feel like we don't have many like vegan options at home right now So we just want to do like big grocery shop for everybody. Also, it is beautiful day outside It was kind of like rainy cloudy in the morning and now it's really pretty so we'll spend some time outside as well Okay, just get matcha making. Sorry. I literally look like a hobo today, but I made my matcha I got a venti size today while I made a venti size today got my plastic Starbucks cup that I'm reusing Mmm, it's extra good today.  Also, I'm gonna get better at linking like my clothing It's just when I usually what I wear I've just had for so long So I don't have the links to but every time I buy something new I'm gonna try to link it down below for you guys So I have so you guys can like access it if you like it So I'm gonna get better at linking I can promise but yeah And also if I ever say like I'm gonna link something and then you don't see it in the description Just leave me a comment and because honestly sometimes I just like forget so just leave me a comment And then I will link it for you guys, but yeah, so going to head to my appointment now Let's go Okay, so we're on the way to the gym. I'm not driving today because we got nice and she'll burn me I'm usually always on driving.  What store?  It's my business. This is so random. You just started working out. Yeah, but I got it before I just didn't use it Okay, so we just finished up at the gym like 10 minutes ago We're just at the grocery store now because we're just gonna pick up a little something to eat for dinner Because we literally have nothing at the house So we're gonna pick something up Make dinner and then we're gonna me Madison drill are gonna go out to like a bigger grocery store and do like a whole haul Bursaries because we need to stock our house. There's literally barely anything. So yeah Okay, the sky is so beautiful right now. It's just so blue and the clouds are just so I don't know They're just popping Like the sky is just so beautiful right now. I just want to like sit on that cloud right now This is like literally the perfect cloud Wow, so beautiful. All right, you guys. It is currently 7 o'clock and we are going out to the big grocery store now It is a little late night or rather not but we do need to get shopping done because we are lacking in the food department So we're going out to do that now trying not to spend over an hour there So hopefully we're not going for too long at our home at least by 9 would be ideal So yeah, I'm gonna bring you guys along with furlough weekend grocery shop. Let's go I know I literally sound like a crazy cat lady because I kind of am I realize I kind of am so Walking in like he got like this card like that's exit. That's the exit. Oh awkward. I always go in on the wrong direction Treats for my princess Well my princess actually it's all Grocery shopping is actually fun like this is a giant-ass store you guys like it is huge. It literally has everything It's kind of like a Costco. It's so big. Yeah, there's literally clothing in this grocery store. It's that big Okay, but low-key chickpeas it's a lap as a snack I think I'm going to get barbecue like I feel like these would so slap as a snack Like if you have nothing better to eat these would definitely snap. Oh, they also have ketchup They garbage would slap better so Okay, you guys finally found these hot veggie straws I've been wanting to try these for so long because I saw them in Saray Joan's vlog ruined my organization But I've been wanting to tell them so long so I saw them in Saray Jones's vlog So like holy shit those look so good. So I can't wait to try them.  I love salt and vinegar chips. It's like a healthy alternative So I would recommend.  I need some of that. She was just calling me out What's more worth it the bag mega stop. It's bigger than double stuff. It's probably triple stop That's kind of disgusting.  Mini creeps.   I get them short people problems. Should I get the rainbow or the normal? We'll get both. Oh, and she was calling us out. She was calling us out Okay, okay Okay, which one Joel? Which one? Rainbow all day and they're making TikToks. I thought this was a public area Let's go to a private aisle so we don't stare at me buggy updates. Oh, this is definitely not normal That's bad. Someone's got a bite out of this Someone literally took a bite out of the way for y'all. Somebody took a little nibble Case to fight sponsor me military grade protection. It's not even case to fight But a case to fight you're watching this. I'd love to be sponsored by you Yeah, Joe was literally like I want to bite this and then he looks at me literally have bites I Got it. I got to make some vegan Nutella. That's for sure. Oh, those are like so nostalgic Oh my gosh, look at the cookies and cream. Dude.   It's not maple syrup I wish it was maple syrup. I drink that every morning instead of my morning water I'd have my morning. Oh, these were That's so nostalgic we would have those all the time as kids again our lunchboxes Hey, is it just me or are these tomatoes extra large and extra shiny, but I kind of I just thought that I would catch on tape exactly what Mikaela did to the produce bags All over the floor all I gotta say Y'all this sunset is literally insane.  Is that bad? The duck, there's literally a duck We got Kambucha it almost tastes shitty, but I love it. Yeah, it tastes like shit But it tastes like sometimes I'll be in the phase we're like all craved Kambucha like I need it and it's like so satisfying and it's so refreshing I think that's the two words to describe it is satisfying and refreshing. It's just so good I don't know what it is about it, but if you guys have never tried Kambucha I highly suggest you try it. You might not like it You might hate it, but make sure you like get a good flavor like mango I think mango is the best. Anyways, I'll hold it. Okay guys, so we are home. I packed the groceries I'm just gonna wash my face and then take a body shower Because I didn't even like get a chance to take a shower after the right of the gym because we were going to the grocery store Right away, which is kind of gross, but whatever. Sorry.  Okay, give me a sec. Okay So I bought this tea tree body wash Because I've been getting like some round and pimples on my back. So hopefully this helps because for like acne It was really cheap. So we'll see how that works, but we're trying. Yeah, so I'm just gonna quickly take a shower and Yeah Talk to you guys later


Hello, fellow Freelancers. So today I wanted to talk to you about a topic that has Come across Well actually came across during one of my coaching sessions And so actually there might be I might have mentioned in one of the videos that I have of when I take myself during my Coaching session, but I thought it was a topic that deserved a bit more to be looked at a bit more in-depth And this is for your profiles you're not and when I dealt with it in coaching session I had to do with your pros.com profile, but this could have to do with any one of your profiles that you have online Whether it's on LinkedIn whether it's about me whether it's pros.com or any one of those and so here's what happened I was talking to this lady basically I was coaching her and we were going through her profile everything and she was like Oh, I came across this because I told her and I've mentioned this in the videos before if you're not sure how to structure your profile Then look at other people and see what catches your eye what looks good what you think works and then you know feel free to use that same style and That way you can kind of copy from the best you can learn from the best and So anyway, she had done this and then she was saying she's like oh I found this ladies profile that look really nice and it was you know, she said it was short and sweet and Which right away set off alarm bells and so I asked her show it took me in and yeah It was a lady who obviously had a lot of experience translating and and had a lot of positive reviews But you know had a very short and sweet thing, you know just said translator the languages and kind of a quote there and whatever very little information and so she wanted to make her profile the lady I was talking to want to make her profile just like this one and So I told her I was like look I don't think that's I don't think that's something you should do because this lady who has a very short and sweet profile Obviously has a quite a bit of experience, which means she probably already has regular clients She probably Doesn't have to rely on pros calm to get most of her clients now either She already has regular clients or the clients she's getting now are probably referrals word-of-mouth, you know people from the client She already has and so here in fact what she's probably trying to do and at least what it looked like to me Was she's probably trying to whittle it down. In fact, she didn't even have a resume there She said resume available upon request everything was available upon request and you had to contact her Which to me seems like she's trying to whittle down the number of requests She gets it gets because she she has enough work for now And you'll see this every now and then and unfortunately this happens Especially with people who have a lot of experience who are top rated so if you search for translators I'm saying I'm pros.com if you search for translators saying your language combination or something like that The ones who are on the top so pros calm sorts it out by number of kudos points for some reason I'm not sure why but then you can sort it out in different ways later if you want to but Usually people with a lot of kudos points are the ones who have quite a bit of experience They'll have their own glossaries. They'll have this that and the other and often they'll have a whole lot of information With all their portfolios and everything like that which is great But sometimes they take out a lot of information just because they've been inundated with with requests from You know people who come across their names whenever they search on pros calm Because they're the first names that pop up and they don't want to deal with all these requests coming their way because they already have regular clients so You kind of need to use your own judgment when you look at these things as a general rule I say when you're first starting out put as much information there as possible You want to be as transparent as possible and just say every I mean you don't have to talk about That time you got drunk on the snowboarding trip whatever But obviously anything that has to do with your job with translation And even as I mentioned a couple videos ago, even if you worked in a place that didn't have anything to do with translation, but You know and it was something else completely Maybe emphasize what you did in terms of languages or in terms of translation or copy editing or anything along those lines in that job And so just list everything list many ways to contact you List have your resume there, you know all that information just so they can find everything They need for you if you see another profile that seems short and sweet I'm going to guess chances are they already have enough Enough clientele and they don't need to worry about it too much or they're just starting out and haven't made their profile at all I mean, you know, you see those too, but usually when you copy you you're looking for people with some experience and people who Who seem to know what they're doing and you'll see this by the way for all profiles a lot of people and LinkedIn people tend to be you know Just put everything out there regardless and so there you'll find a lot more information But about me I've definitely seen it with just, you know People like to be a bit artsy and they'll just put you know two lines there and then just a big picture of a sunset or something and You know just because it's a famous person or someone who's well known doesn't mean that you should be doing the same thing I would recommend Wherever you put your profile and I usually recommend putting in as many places possible You want to be as findable as possible. So this means LinkedIn this means pros.com translators cafe About me and wherever else you that you know a lot of these websites are country specific or or industry specific and stuff like that I would recommend listing a whole lot of it I mean just put the same information once you put it in one place you can pretty much just copy and paste it to the other places and at least you are People you're searchable you're very searchable and people can find all your information right away You don't want to have to make a potential client jump through hoops contact you too many times for the information It should be right there for them to find so that's just kind of a word of warning for when you see I Still think when you're first setting up your profile It's very good to look at other people's profiles to get an idea of what works What doesn't what people can do with their profile sometimes you're it looks cool what they were able to do and you're like Oh, wow, I want to try to do the same thing and and so you can try to figure it out but also keep in mind Some of the consequences and keep in mind, you know that exactly some of these guys are not in your same shoes Some of these other people are not constantly looking for new clients because they're not trying to build up their business It's already built up. So they're just they just have it there kind of as a placeholder almost and So just use your judgment and keep this stuff in mind when you are looking for new jobs And when you're trying to create your own profile to find these jobs So anyway, that's pretty much it and I hope I hope you can find this useful and I hope when you're setting up your online profile that you're able to apply this and And yeah, like I said, it's just your common judgment when you look at When you when you look at other people's profiles, you can sort of get an idea of what their goal is or what they'll get out of that profile So, you know, you can use your judgment and then do it accordingly. So yeah, I hope you found this helpful and If you do, please don't forget to click thumbs up So I know and don't forget to subscribe if you haven't yet for more stuff for freelancers freelance translators And that's pretty much it. I'll see you in the next video. Okay. Thanks. Bye Sabedum


So, I think it's kind of fitting that this talk comes after the previous talk, because a lot of what I'm going to talk about is I use this visualization that artists have rendered. There's a lot of astronomical art in this talk. And so, what we're going to step through is that the laws of nature and the initial positions change a little bit so that the density of the universe is so small that atoms never interact with each other or that there are no heavy elements of essentially no chemistry. And so, this is a puzzle of any sciences. And so, I'm going to present one hypothesis of what this might mean, it's a bit controversial. And so, the starting point for this talk is about how the universe evolved from when it was the second world. We actually have observations or indications of what the universe looked like, just a second world. And all of them made sense today. So, we can roughly say what happened over that few 14 billion year time span. And one of the reasons we can do this is that if you take a telescope and that's sensitive to one centimeter of light, so our eyes can see hundreds of nanometer of light, so much shorter, 10,000 times shorter light wavelengths. Then, so if you look at these much longer wavelengths, the universe is dominated at these wavelengths by radiation from when the universe was a hot plasma from the big bang. And in fact, there's 100 times more energy than this one centimeter of band than there is in all other bands, all other weight bands. All radiation emitted by stars in the history of the universe is less than a hundredth of the energy that we see at one centimeter when we look at the sky. And so, we've taken a picture of this because the cosmologists have really studied this radiation, looked at different directions, and then, and this is what it looks like. And so, this is a 2D projection of this cosmic microwave background. And so, this projection is very similar to, like if you took the globe, the Earth, the Earth is here, and if I made a 2D projection, the Americas would be here, and Europe, and Asia's here, and Africa's there, and you can turn that around, you can look out at the sky and look at different angles, and this is what you see. So, this is, again, a 2D projection of a surface, a spherical surface, and then every pixel here is telling us about how much radiation we're getting from different locations on the sky, and you can see that there are differences. So, the red, there's a little bit of less radiation, and the blue, there's a little bit more, and these differences are telling us that there were improved genealogies in this radiation that we're seeing, and this radiation is coming from the universe that was 400,000 years old, and so there's small and huge in the 80s in the universe, small fluctuations in the amount of matter from place to place, and the size of these fluctuations are part of 10,000, so the contrast in this picture has really been dialed up so that we can see the fluctuations, and these are the fluctuations that grow into us. And so, one thing that pathologists try to do is they try to model how these fluctuations grow. We think we know the laws of physics that have all been forward, so we put this on a giant computer, super computer, and we hit go, starting with these little matter fluctuations from place to place that we see from when the universe was 400,000 years old, and we hit go, and gravity does its job, it's mostly gravity, and it causes regions that have more matter to get denser and denser, it's the pool of gravity larger when there's more matter, and the regions that have the most matter, those are what become galaxies, and we run these simulations, and you get galaxies, and you get stars, and you don't resolve everything, and so if we think we had even bigger super computers, we get planets, and so we kind of know the story from how we map from these fluctuations until today, but in order for this story to work, it seems like the conditions for the universe that allowed galaxies to happen seem very true, and so that's the theme of this talk, and so just to kind of illustrate, so something's at these fluctuations, I'm gonna mention what we think it is later on, but since there's these fluctuations in the universe that are 400,000 years old, and then you have gravity, but if the fluctuations aren't big enough, so if they're too small, then gravity can't do enough by today, you don't have anything in the universe. If the fluctuations are a little bit too big, and I should say, if they're a little small, and even the effect of tin would totally get rid of all galaxies, the effect of a few big difference, so if they're a little bit smaller, nothing. If they're 10 times bigger, the universe becomes a lot more chaotic, well, probably a lot harder for life to exist. If they're 100 times bigger, these two bombs become black holes, and so these fluctuations were set up so that gravity could become us, and they couldn't be much different. It's also true that we would not exist if there wasn't something called dark matter. That might sound really crazy, because we don't even know what dark matter is. We have ideas, probably some particles that haven't yet produced a lab, but the thing that makes dark matter special is that it doesn't respond, if there's radiation in the universe, it is not pulled around by that radiation, whereas everything that we know, electron, nuclei, the radiation just pulls them around, and there's so much radiation in the universe. So when the universe was 100,000 years old, there's a much energy in radiation as there is in everything else. The radiation just pulled everything around, and if you didn't have something to lay a base or to hold on to things, if you didn't have dark matter, then there wouldn't be any fluctuations, and so you wouldn't have galaxies. So we owe our existence in part to the fact that most of the matter in the universe is the stuff called dark matter. That's also weird. Okay, another coincidence is that if you're taking a physics class, you may have learned that there's this symmetry, that for every particle, there's an anti-particle, and it's bad. If I had a gram of stuff, I'm not gonna, I have a really bad joke here, so I don't know what I mean. I have a gram of stuff, and I bring matter and anti-matter together. That's as much as the approach to what I think we're all. So if we had matter and anti-matter in this room, it would be really, really, really bad. But somehow, something broke this symmetry in the early universe, and made it so that there was a billion asymmetries between matter and anti-matter, and then everything, all of the anti-matter, found matter, annihilated, and we were just left with the matter, and then we could exist. But why did this happen? I mean, we don't know, but we needed it to happen. Okay, next coincidence, and I should also say, I'm just really skimming the surface on it.  And so, okay, next, I told you that gravity, I start with fluctuations, gravity makes galaxies. This is not quite right. So the gravity makes big balls of gas in this situation. Why don't we dye a gas bulb in the universe? What's gravity is to this job? And so the reason that there's no dark, so any gas bulb, or dark matter, and there's a gas, the gas we know, but the gas we know has a really special property that it can emit photons, and as it loses energy, it will cool, and it will contract, and then it gets a lot denser than the dark matter, and that's why galaxies are made out of gas. They're not made out of dark matter. But in order for gas to be able to radiate, it turns out that you need a light particle, so we have electrons, and we have a nuclei in the universe, and that's most of stuff, and the electrons are really good at radiating because they're really light, but you also need something really heavy, you need something that's a thousand times heavier, so that's where the proton, if they weren't, we don't know why they're a thousand times different, it's not like a, well, we don't, physics can't predict what the masses of these particles, these are just parameters that we haven't figured out how to understand, but somehow it was tuned so that the gas can cool and form galaxies. I think, at the very least, you need a galaxy to have one, but it's just too diffuse otherwise. All right, okay, next. So this gas is cooling, and it cools into this, and I'll tell you all the why this galaxies are this, big gas ball, and it's rotating a little bit, but then as it, Matt, you need a light. Am I? This is dangerous, I should have said that. Contribution and angular momentum. Start with these fluctuations in the early universe, and conservation and angular momentum can exist that with light galaxies. And it says, all of this physics is super easy. And then, and the solar mass scale is, and this is the scale where you just, if things were much smaller than the solar mass, and all of these things that are the sizes of stars, if the fragments were a lot smaller, you wouldn't have fusion, and you wouldn't have stars powering light. And also, you need tensile mass things, because the tensile mass things make heavy elements. The heavy elements are really important, we're not. I didn't tell you, but the universe starts off with just hydrogen and helium, so you need to form something larger than the heavier than the hydrogen and helium. And coincidentally, there's like a miracle that carbon can be even produced in the universe, but that's what this works. And then, okay, so then you have these, and why are tensile mass things, so they make heavy elements, and then they explode, and then supernova. And like as far as we can tell, supernova, like even in our universe, we can barely get them to explode, and it involves like so much physics, it involves something called a neutrino, like which isn't important for anything else, but supernova's just in our universe, supernova wouldn't explode, and we wouldn't have anything but hydrogen and helium, most of the time. Somehow our universe knew that it needed neutrinos, so that stars could explode, and then you need that for a term. Okay, so now, we're getting kind of to the end, but okay, so then, so it turns out that there's another thing in the universe, so there's dark matter, and it's just one dark thing, and dark energy, and then there's another dark thing. Most of the energy that's in the universe is in dark matter and dark energy, so we like, I mean, maybe cosmologists kind of suck, but we don't know what it's like, maybe we kind of have ideas, but, you know. But what we think dark energy is, is energy in the vacuum, and so then we go and we calculate how much energy in the vacuum there should be, and we make a small mistake, and it turns out our mistake is off by a factor of 10 to the 120, and so, somehow the vacuum energy is much, much, much, much, much smaller, that's a big number, which is not everything, it makes the universe expand a lot faster, and so if there were a factor of few more dark energy structure would form, you wouldn't have galaxies, which is weird, so it's not, and so strength theorists have come up with some solution to this, which is that they find that the typical amplitude of dark energy in the universe is 120 times, 10 to the 120 times larger than in our part of the universe, but that we live in part of the universe with 10 to the minus 120, at least unlikely, so that the end of dark energy fluctuates from place to place, and so then, and so maybe this is pointing to the universe being much bigger, and so that brings me to this hypothesis, maybe the universe is much, much larger than it is observed, and the reason that things seem so fine tuned is that we can only exist in a very special part of it, and at some level, this doesn't seem that controversial, it makes sense that we're not existing outside of Earth's atmosphere, we're outside of our galaxy. The Earth's atmosphere, late Earth, is just a very, very, very small fraction of the universe, the universe is 14 billion light years across, Earth is a very small fraction of a light year, very, very, very, very small. I would do that regulation, but I wouldn't sense it here. So, yeah, so maybe on large scales in our universe, extreme theorists think that this might be the case, that in their theories this work kind of happens, that on large scales, other things, a matter of dark matter, a matter of dark energy, like a matter of, in matter, in matter, all of these change, and we live in this really special spot. And I would say that if you've been, in addition to everything that I've shown you, I think there's some stronger evidence that this is the case. And so we started off talking about these density fluctuations in the early universe. 400,000 year old universe, we see these small density fluctuations, and it turns out that cosmologists have a theory for what, and I would say it's a very successful theory for what created these density fluctuations. And in particular, the theory is something that's called inflation, it's probably one of the most profound theories out there, in my opinion. And so the story kind of goes that there was some particle in the early universe that printed these fluctuations, involves quantum mechanics and stuff like that. But it really explains the properties of these density fluctuations we see in the universe, it's really successful. But the way this theory works, it predicts that the universe is very, very likely, much, much, much, much larger than our universe. And in fact, in many, many versions of inflation, it predicts that not only is the universe much, much larger than anything we can observe, but it predicts that the universe varies from place to place. Most parts of the universe are expanding much faster than our universe, apart of the universe, to no galaxy, to no anything. And so I think it's not crazy to think that our universe is much, much larger than this. Okay. Okay. Okay. They're interacting. You might not know this, but matter and vacuum, and in like nanoseconds, they're even smaller, are annihilating everywhere. But yes, they interact and they annihilate. And so they affect the anti particle of an electron, it's called a positron, and they have opposite charges, so they just pull each other, they pull each other together and boom. And this is much more, you get all mc squared of energy. This is much more efficient than fusion or fusion. Yeah, that's a good question. I don't know if there's a precise definition, but if I get it as the universe being, that the properties of our universe, the physical laws are different in other parts of space, space time. And so everywhere we look, universe looks the same, the laws of physics look the same, but the laws of physics seem very fine tuned. And so this is an explanation for why, there were many parts in the universe, then you can exist in that fine, then the reason we find ourselves in this fine tuned location is because that's the only place we can exist. But everywhere else, life can't exist. So that's the hypothesis. So that's the argument why it might, of all day universe, of all day universe might be likely for it, to explain these coincidences. Yeah, so I already talked about these coincidences that were so small of a chance that we were getting here. But then I also thought that the universe was practically infinite. So I wanted to know if in a practically infinite universe that maybe existed for, I don't know, maybe forever, isn't it? Don't these coincidences have to occur at a certain point? Are they bound to occur? So this is the thing we don't know. We don't know what the size. So we can only see things that have been traveling through the age of the universe. So roughly, we can see you're 14 billion light years away. And that's big, maybe, but we don't know. Like is it, or does it just terminate like on kind of that scale? And so this is, I think the subtlety is not only that this is predicting a much, much bigger universe than what we see, but that it varies from place to place so that there are regions where life can exist. Back there. Yeah, this is a really good question. This is the principal reason why people hate this theory. It is essentially a theory arguing that that we are not going to be able to understand everything and some things are like the electron mass and the value of the amount of vacuum energy and the dark energy is a kind of a random thing that we should be able to understand everything. Like I think that that has been the hope of physicists, but I don't think it's any reason to expect that nature will be that kind of thing. I guess I've totally forgotten to repeat questions. So the question is something like, are there other big beings in the universe in this multi-verse picture? And so I'd first like to say that, okay, what is the big bang? The big bang is that it's essentially, maybe it's a bit of a misnomer. And it's a statement that we had this hot plasma in the early universe that and everything is expanding with time. And so if you extrapolate back, you have some kind of singularity, but we don't know how far back you can extrapolate. Inflation kind of naturally happens when the universe is something like 10 to the minus 30 seconds, so maybe you can extrapolate back to that point. At some point, like 10 to the minus 34 or 40 years, I forget, then we don't even know how to calculate this. There are many strings here. So yeah, I guess in essence, there are big things happening in different regions of time in this picture for reasons that maybe I'm not gonna, I won't go in two things, I think it's gonna be a little bit too much, but yeah, yeah, definitely, all right. So I would like to say that I'm representing that hypothesis and I don't, I'll repeat the question and then I'll say this. No, sorry, I'm really terrible at repeating the question. So the question is, do I ascribe to the theory of there being infinite number of places, multi-verse number of universes, or is there a finite number? So I think this is a hypothesis that for what, the multi-verse theory that I presented that, and this is not my, I would also say that I usually work on more mundane pathologies in this, but the other way, I'm writing a paper, can I just say like, what, the, so the, so, I don't know. The, like, please just say one other thing. There are many different places in this multi-verse. I think there's called Bacchua. That's based on this cosmological constant. So there are theories that you need to be greater than some amount, and the claim is that there are tens of 500. Sorry, I was looking for seven. Yeah. All right, all right, yeah. 42. 42, yeah, okay. Yeah. Horses or particles from parallel, or? Yeah, so there's a question of whether there are theories of nature that interpret dark energy or dark matter as forces or particles in some other dimension. And the answer is yes. And in particular, I'm not a string theorist, but string theorists like to, there could be some dimension that we just can't access that's very close to us. And in that other dimension, that we're not able to access, there could be some other particles that, and like, so this is called like, the cloud to climb. Space and time that's separating the universes, does that kind of take away the idea? Sorry, you trailed off to the like that. So just, you mentioned that in between the universe, it's just a space and time. Is that like, take away like the idea of like, you know, kind of folding the tree. Um, I guess, so I'm not gonna repeat the question only because I don't know the answer. I mean, I don't have a great picture for one. This looks like other than, it would look different than our universe. All right, keep going. Two more? Okay. Two. Are these space? Yeah, these spaces are connected. The question was, are the spaces in this multiverse connected? And the answer is yes. I'm a nerd, but I guess I haven't gotten into that either. I've been really upset by the quality of some of the Star Wars movies. Yeah, it is. Star Wars movies, right? Joyce, is there a barrier between the space and it being in the universe? All of these questions around, even starting with the gentlemen's over there, are like, are related and it depends on the picture. So in the inflation picture, most of the other places in the universe, those of the, they kind of need to be, so this is just, this is the multiverse from that occurs in inflation. The, most of the places in the universe are expanding much, much faster than our place in the universe. And so they differ in that respect. But they're connected, but you can never get to them because they're expanding away from you so quickly. That's right, so they are, like a way of saying that is our horizon, we can see out to, or the light can travel some distance and our horizon never intersects these regions, typically. But there are people who write papers about these other pockets of the universe colliding with ours, and you could, in the C and B, the first picture I showed you, you get this is going back to the universe. Nevermind. So people look for collisions of some bubble universe of ours. They look, and it should look like a, like a, like a, like a, a, a, a, a, a, a short game, something like that, in this, in this cosmic way going back around. And there's no indication that this is the case, although this is also, is there, the, the predictions whether that this should occur are, are, are, are sketched, so.  So the question is how probable is it that another part of our universe has intelligent life? And so the, the, my answer would be, well, first in our universe, there are, there are 10 billion stars in our galaxy. A lot of these have planets. There are, there are a trillion galaxies that we can see. As of then, as of that's, that's already a lot of planets. And so I, so I would say it already differs very likely. Like I would be really surprised if there wasn't like another part. But then I think the same probably goes here. Like if, there's no reason to think that we're unique. And so there are, there are other places in our multiverse that, that, that, that I would expect that way. I think it would, it would, it would be just too fine too. Like there's no way for us to do the whole thing. Well, the only reason in the multiverse, I never thought I'd say that. That, that has like, right, that's the last question. Thank you. Thank you, sir. Thank you all so much for coming. We'll see you next month, December 20th for episode six of Promise Against Cosmos. See you then.


Everybody forced here ripping a box of twenty one twenty two tops chrome champions league hobby for David G Let's see a super fracter for David right here. Thank you for the order. Good luck Briscoe has been good like the entire time He's got a rookie to your defense rookie to your contender with like sauce and what Devin Lloyd is doing really well, too He's got to be up there with those guys Jags He was he's been really good the first few weeks. I think sauce probably over took him recently So this is awesome, man. He was what fourth overall for a reason alrighty It's a sesco rookie base Future stars Sanjo Tonali Refractor rookie Liam Dillap. I'm Bimbi and Pepe Rookies Colazo Romelu Lukaku Come on pass me to stop here. Let's go Iqbal there. We got the Kettelar chrome or sorry refractor. This is these are all chrome cards the best pass Ridiculous pick you jump too early Refractor Fabio Vieira Bellingham Cristiano rookie and Aqua wave Vinnie jr. Nice color there at 13 of 199 I don't know what that is coming up, but I saw something new to Mendez rookie Ronaldo Yusuf the mirror on the rookie magenta or fuchsia 47 of 175 Solid to mirror color there Stop future stars moococo.  I don't know why he didn't throw that away. I have no idea why he held on to that ball Okay Laqua there and go look Conte refractor just short for Vinicius Cold Palmer refractor surgeon Avery. Oh, let's see a big hit. That's nice refractor out of Tim way There you go Tim way Lila has a lot of young exciting players who did it last year at least Some of them have moved on Solid hit there and their refractor base auto. I was gonna say Got a Federico Kisa on the speckle not numbered. Let's see some juice of this box. Come on. Come on Gabi rookie Future stars Kunde Metsha, we've got a night vision rookie Sebastian Till Eight of 225 probably just staying loose Jorge Mingueza a Speckle rookie Felix the mesha Lehaji a chasing glory name our junior. Yeah, he's in. Oh, oh Dude 80 yard a 60 yard touchdown right here And bimba a guy refractor Rodrigo he completed the past.  Thank you again. We'll get those cards right out to you


we give, okay, this is something maybe a little different that we do and as a co-op we decided we give people the best that they can get, you know, with wireless and one thing I did want to mention, you know, as a wireless internet service provider, I think at this stage I can clearly say wireless is not the solution 5G for running for getting internet to people's homes or a fixed location. Wireless is not the solution, no matter what fancy turn you give it. Well, at least in our area. No, I mean, I think if you live in the plains, if you know where there are no trees, well, yes, maybe I'm being a little hyperbolic, but there's certainly areas where there's certain specific situations where it's probably makes sense. But in general, you have to evaluate each situation. In our situation, you know, depending on the terrain, primarily the tree coverage, you can have homes that are basically next door where somebody will get, you know, like 40 megabits, which is the most we'll provide on our wireless service. And another person that may struggle to get 10, or that we can't hook up at all, you know, people within a few hundred yards of each other. Because we have some houses that are, you know, in the woods, actually quite a few, maybe 15, 20% of our subscribers are basically homes in the woods. And getting getting, you know what, getting wireless internet service to meet today's needs, especially under the pandemic situation where people are zooming all the time, is really difficult when when you have obstructions like hills or other terrain. And 5g is not going to solve that issue.


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late sports cards ripping. Get this out of here.  No, I knew it was there, but I just started it started moving so it annoyed me. It started bobbing its head when I didn't want it to. Ripping 23 tops tier one baseball hobby 12 box case number three. Pick your team star. Read up, listen to our names and our teams. Alex M. Cardinals, Andreas A. Nationals, Christopher S. Dodgers, Daniel Y. Rocky's David Y with the Mets, Dean E. Athletics, Ilya S. Brewers, Jason H. Cubs, J.H. with the Twins, Jarrett B. Reds, Mariners, Red Sox, Pirates, and Rangers, John K. White Sox, Jordan K. with Diamondbacks, Joshua B. Giants, Jundee with the Padres, Kizudo M. Orioles, Larry P. Tigers, Luis R. with the Phillies, Mark L. Angels, Mark A. Astros, Ruben Y. Guardians, Ron R. Royals, Sean B. Yankee, Silas A. Blue Jays, Weiming H. Reyes, and Wenchu L. Marlins. So, good luck everybody, everybody. Get this out of here. All right, again, just the Rangers in the last case. Last tier one spot of the day. Just the Rangers, everybody. Let's go. Good luck.  I just moved, yeah. Good luck, Luis. Yeah, let's see Luis can numb the pain of the Phillies a little bit right here. Poor Luis. I like that, Chef. I like Toppin. I was looking at him. He's a chief today. Yeah, that's true. And he's 3K, right, exactly. I took Ulster Thompson, too, during a preseason. He was going off. He was getting assists, deals, blocks. That's the thing. It's like, a lot of times, if you look at starters of bad teams, too, like the Pacers aren't really good. Yeah. And like. Healed the protocol. Who is it? Albert and Healed. Yeah, like, Matherin, maybe. Turner will get like defensive numbers. He'll get blocks. He always leaves the league in blocks. Yeah, see a hot case in this. Why not, dude? Why not? Come on. Starting off with a Xander Bogarts to 400 for the Red Sox. Channel your lane, Sam. There you go. Batnob Christian Yelich, baby. Hell yeah. Immediately. Whoo-hoo-hoo-hoo. Let's go Brewers. Hell yeah, Brew Crew. Let's go, man. That is sick. That is how we do it here. Go to Ilya S. That's sick. With the Yelich, baby. Come on. Come on. I saw that, Chef. I saw they said that. Banger, dude. I know.   Let's go. Congrats on that. Good stuff, Brewers. The custom number 22 with the little wheat things on the side. Only one better is the long one with the charts on it. That is kind of fire. Or Petalanto has the polar bear on it. That's nasty. Hell yeah, man. Little Yelich action. Got Raleigh Fingers. Yeah, I know. Go into the ace. And Blimey Dris, the 299. Edwin with the Rangers, sold out on the next one. Christian G with a Tier 1 and Gilded Spot as well. Thank you, buddy. Go, Chris. Come on, baby. Let's go. Batnob. Let's get started. Start us off right there. For not the most expensive team in the world either. So it goes to show in a product like Tier 1, any team could hit any given day, man. With the polar bear. I do remember that. Yes, sir. With the polar bear to 400 Paul Goldschmidt. I know you really can't get away from the Raleigh finger jokes, buddy. Another to 50 for the Stroze is Nolan Ryan. That's one there for, again, Houston. Ryan Servin 2299. That's one there for the Rockies. Do a bowline question again really quick. Beep-a-bop-bop. Let's hope it doesn't go up here or there or anywhere. You're right. Hope it's a bot, dude. That is Andres Jimenez to 400. Nice one there for the Guardians. And Derek Jeter to 200. Congrats on that one there, Yanks. Walk up Bula to 149. Let's go into the Dodgers. And Caleb Killian, Rookie Otto to 299. I want to start on, like, big heads.  So, like, it has to go into the video when we post it. Oh, yeah. Just start, like, saying some nonsense words or something. Think that would be pretty hilarious, to be honest, if you ask me. Peter Lanzo to 400. We did. Luckily, you didn't have to. We thought I was just going to tell you anyway. Jazz Chisel, that is going to the Marlins to 99. Congrats on that, Miami. Nice one there. And then we got Matthew Batten, Rookie Otto to 299 for the Padres. Congrats, Padres. That's so sick, dude. That's so sick. He's got such a cool costume one, too, man. I'm going to send that to my buddies of brewers, man. To 400, Labor Torres. Send it to Caleb, he'll probably melt. To 149, Jorge Fasada. Nice one there. Part of the core four for the Yankees. And Buddy Kennedy, Rookie Otto to 299 for the Dimebecks. If you imagine dying in the storm with a slip juice. What are we doing, dude? That's not going to hurt anybody. They ain't gonna steal it. What are we doing, dude? And actually, it has happened to somebody. One of our clients told me we were considering a plan. I don't know, dude. But you just pee, pee, pee, pee, pee, pee, pee, pee, and sitting in the storm, he doesn't think you may have a slip juice. And then we lose. And then he wondered why we were losing. Nope. We lost because we stayed. We're just making fun of Jake. Dying in the storm with a slip juice. Was it a slip juice? Oh, yeah. I heard about that earlier tonight. Yeah. It's rough, dude. We're dying. Yeah. Not good, dude. Yeah, I'm switching the. I'm switching the slip juice on the storm, too. Yeah? Yeah, it's something you'd think would be maybe a priority to, you know, pop.  I got a slip juice. Yeah, I don't need it.  I will say that. Oh, wait a minute. I think I've got to be done in the storm with a computer. To 400, Max Fried. One time I popped a big shield.  Hey, let's go, Mark.  No one. Ryan to 75 second. No one. Ryan. This time is a ranger.  I had a 17. Geez, man. You were in a bot lobby then. That's just what that is. Again, all flux teams on sale. Everybody. It isn't boring. Used to be the pump shock. I'm used to like the best guy in the game because they go over the close. Bubba Thompson, Rookie Auto 299. Nice one there for the Rangers. This guy behind me will be live in about 10 minutes, right? Yeah. 10 minutes with Personals. Him and Donnie. God, that's a bot lobby. Let's go. Me and Donnie. I said we were making fun of, I told Forrest how much we're making fun of Bofo. We stopped loading here this morning. And he was like, yeah, you've got Donnie over there. Now you go, Forrest goes, that's such an easy target. Yeah. John's got them all. Doesn't matter who's there, man.  Nice. The 400 Shohei going to the Cardinals. Mitchell gave you a salute, by the way. And Mark Desheris, 7 to 25 on the patches. There we go. Yanks. Yankees legend, Mark Desheris. Yeah. We're sold out up until Flux, everybody. Flux is on sale as well. Zekele, Durand, Rookie Auto. Nice one there for the Rangers. Again, Rangers showing up here, everybody. Rangers are showing up. And then a Yeri De Los Santos, 14 to 25, going to Pirates. Congrats, Pirates. Candler. Oh, man. I sent Candler the funniest meme of all time today. No. I made one about his username. And it was hilarious. His name's Falcon Sportsguards. And I said it in, like, parentheses at Falcon Sportsguards. But my main PC is the Braves. I mean, he's like, yeah, I do only have, like, five Falcon's Guards. There's Craig Bezier to 400 for the Astros. Nice one there. I like that, man. That's cool. That's the couple of seasons they wore that. Zekele Tovar. Nice one there to 299. Congrats to the Rockies. And the nice one here for the Angels. Silver Inc., 3 of 10, Liban Soto. Congrats. Halo is there. Again, all Flux teams are on sale, everybody. All Flux teams are on sale. We've got Chen Kei picking up a spot in both of the mixers. Thank you, buddy. Appreciate that very much, two and five. Flux is priced to move. You guys want to jump into a Flux case? I would do it tonight. That is 200, 400. Josh Bell. Nice one there. Congrats. Is that Guardians, Josh Bell? Yes. Oh, no. Padres. That's Padres, Josh Bell, I guess. That's strange. Nice one here to 25. Gabby Moreno. There we go. So, D-Bax, congrats, Arizona. I'd say you can mag this one on the bronze thing. You can mag that one, of course, now in the World Series. And Peyton Burdick to 2.99, going into the Marlins. Congrats, Marlins. All Flux is marked down, everybody. Let's get that sold out. Celtic still on the board. Magic, Thunder. Spurs. The Jazz are still on the board. Warriors, Pistons. All available, everybody. All teams are marked down on Flux. Jacob went in the bathroom. No way he washes his hands. As a Sad Jays fan, I know. You know where he is. I don't think he knows where he is. Do you know where you're at right now? I don't think he does. You know where you're at right now. 400. Logan Gilbert. I don't think he does. He says he does. I don't, do you believe that, though? No. There we go, Mariners. What's the latitude and longitude? Nice. 2.99, ATL Michael, ATL Michael. Michael Harris. Going to the Braves. Make sure you hit the Slurp Juice on the way out. Yeah. Got a... Make sure you don't die. Frank Howard. Nice one there. Frank Howard, 2.249. And David VR, 2.99 for the Giants. This is the guy right here. Yeah, Rangers. Rangers. Oh, is it? He goes Rangers? The Senators go Rangers, really? Yeah, because from 61 to 71, that was the franchise that moved to Texas. I thought they moved to... They did before 61. Oh, okay, gotcha. Damn, that is, okay, that is complicated, but that makes sense. What are you doing? Taking my sticky notes? No. That's fine. C.C. Sabathia to 400. And Donald starting. Nice one there. Oh, God. Oh, I'm screwed, then, dude. I have Purdy as my quarterback. Mark Vientos to 2.99. Nice one there for the Mets. Who am I playing this week? No. Some bot, probably. Nice one there. Congrats to the Mets. Mark Vientos. Next one's pretty cool, too. We had a chance of it, I feel like. But let me see. Who am I playing this week? And now Purdy's out, so I gotta start freaking Matt Stafford. Yeah. I don't know. Plan... Oh, I'm playing Jay. That's a win. Oh, he stinks. Plus, all my guys are back from by, so I'm good. And Lee Smith to 2.49. Nice one there. It's up. Smack! Smack! Smack! Good eye, Mike. Henry with a spot in the Tier 1 mixer. Gene K also with a spot in the Tier 1 mixer. Thank you, guys. Lee Smith. Really? Because of traffic? Gee, man. One of this traffic I got behind a wreck on Maitland. And it kind of went one way. And I was like, oh, they already beat. Trying to get all the way down Maitland. Oh. And grabbing my house there with a shooting. Right by the I-4 exit. So I had to go through downtown to get the I-4. 2.400 is going to be a Marcus Simeon. Alexander, speaking of the Lakers, and Flock, thank you, buddy. Appreciate that. Yeah, that is. I can tell it all from here. Yeah, that is. Going, but it's kind of an interesting one. Marlins. Yes, it is. Going to Wen Shu-El. Five of 10. Ichiro Silverink. Congrats, Miami. Marlins Ichiro. Best Ichiro, question mark. Yeah, true. Thank you, also. Alexander is picking up one in... Marriage, chance of making a difference. True. I would assume that, yes. Congrats on that. You got that into a Mac? I don't think so. Yeah, concussion protocol right now, smack. And then Lee-over-Baguero to 2.99, rookie auto going into the Pirates. Congrats, buckos. All right, quick recap here. Everybody great. Pretty good case again. We had a Marcus Simeon, C.C. Sabathea, Logan Gilbert, Josh Bell, Craig Bijio, Mark Deshera, Shoei Otani, Max Freed, Peter Lanzo, Glebert Torres, Andres Jimenez, Derek Jeter, Paul Goldschmidt, and Xander Bogart. Did you just decide to take off, I guess? Yeah, you got it, yeah. That's true. It's like I'm done. That is auto. We got Lee-over-Baguero, Lee-Smith, Mark Vientos, David VR, Frank Howard, Michael Harris, Peyton Burdick, Ezekiel Tovar, Levon Soto, Ezekiel Doran, Yuri De Los Santos, Bubba Thompson, Nolan Ryan, Buddy Kennedy, Jorge Pasada, Josh Chisholm, Matthew Batten, Walker Bueller, Caleb Killian, Ryan Servin, Nolan Ryan, Glam address, Raleigh Fingers, Mags Cards, we had a Gabby Moreno 225 on the Bronze Inc Auto for the V-Bex, had a Silver Ink to 10 each year-o for the Marlins, and then one-of-one Batnob of Christian Yelich for the Brew Crew. So congrats again, Milwaukee. Very nice one there. Where are the, I didn't say one-of-one everywhere. I mean it is, but I just don't usually, it says it somewhere, but still nice. Congrats on that. That is a knob right there. Yes sir, forest. Thank you guys again for the fill. Up next is number four.