To other parts of Africa, Burkina Faso's Prime Minister Christof Dabiri visited on Monday, a village where at least 132 people were killed in the worst militant attack in recent years. The attackers struck during the night on Friday, killing residents of the village of Sohan in Gjaha province, Bodhrinij, in the Jihadist plague northeast. He also burnt homes and the local market. No group has claimed responsibility. Government spokesperson Usini Tambora later told reporters that Prime Minister Dabiri on Monday also visited survivors of the attack at a hospital in Dori and separately spoke with internally displaced people in the northeastern town of Sabah.


Good morning, Cyber Traders. Welcome back on this Thursday. I love Thursdays. Thursday is one of my favorite days because it's only one day left for the weekend. What are you guys doing this morning? Everybody doing good? Everybody all excited? Couple of good movers moving on today. Good to see you. Good morning, everybody. Good morning.  And welcome back, Cyber Traders. Yesterday, let me tell you something. I almost crapped in my pants yesterday. I made one of the biggest, a huge mistake. I'm going to talk a little bit about it right here. Hold on. Just want to touch upon some of the stocks. We got a couple of good stocks moving. Got this GRVI that's moving pretty well. Nice little pop early in, right around 8 o'clock this morning of 5.50. Oh wait, 8.50.  I know some of you guys here in the trading room did pretty well with it. But I want to talk about some of the stocks we traded yesterday. Let me tell you about Jasper. J-S-P-R. So Jasper, let me just tell you what happened with this stock right here. Oh my God, I made one of the biggest mistakes in trading. So I actually bought 10 times more the amount of shares that I was supposed to buy. And literally I was freaking out. I'm like, Josh came to my office and goes, I heard your voice in the background. I go, yeah, I was like breathing. He knew something was wrong. Anyway, I chased this stock. I was buying it and there was a lot of shakes going on right here. And right around this 10.13, all of a sudden the stock literally popped right here. And I bought 10 times the amount of shares that I usually buy. And luckily, luckily, and this is luck, it just ran at that specific moment in time and it ran all the way to 17. Now I got out at like, wait, was it 17 I got out? No, I got out right here. I got out right below 16. I mean, it didn't thing ran to 17.70. I got out just right below it. And I made it, I did great. I was actually down on the day I did, I was actually down on my account and basically it's turned everything around and like I really did really well. And so I, I'm done, I'm done. I'm finished, I'm out, I'm out. I didn't want to talk about it anymore. But that was one scary move because you know what? This pot was luck and look what? It came right back down exactly where I had it. And you know what? It could have went all the way down here and I would have lost 10 times what I usually lost. Now I know we've all been there. We've done a mistake like that before and Jasper was a great, great runner. I know some of some, some people did well. Chuck Z made almost $8 a share from this morning. Chuck, I mean, you gotta give this guy a round of applause. Let's give him, oh shoot. I just X on my screen. Hold on. Move up on my screen again. There we go. Jasper, there we go. Let's bring this back up. So he had the stock from this morning. So we got to give him a round of applause. He jumped in right out of the gate. What did he get? He got at nine. You said, Josh, yeah. He got it right here around $9 because we saw it in pre-market doing pretty well. And the stock got halted. He went all the way up. He made a killing on it. Congratulations, Chuck.  I always tell my students this all the time. We find this all the time and we have some old cyber group members. We got some new trial members, Robert W, Mark M. We got a lot of you guys here that are new here at Cyber Trading University. Who else is in here? Deborah K. Listen, Pete, the, you know, we got a lot of new people. Scott, you know, M, you know, you just started not too long ago.  Well, sometimes this is not even that big of a mover. Sometimes we get some that go up to 300% of the day.  I mean, we killed it on some other stocks. What was some of the big ones? We had this one recently, I did well. INDP, spring up that one. That one was, oh my God, that was unbelievable. That was not too long ago. That was only a couple of, about a couple of, about a month ago. That one ran from 10 to 28 in one day. Great short squeeze. So my point is, is that you're gonna miss a lot of them.  And it all comes down with patience and with experience.  You do your classes, you learn, you trust your companions in the trading room, and we do well. And by the way, if you're watching YouTube Facebook Live, you're always welcome to come and join us and see what it's all about. It's a reason why we've been doing this for and we're celebrating our 25th year in the industry. So let me just fix this up over here. And there's a couple of stocks before we go and we start going through the watch list. I like to just bring this up because I like to see all the level twos. There was a couple of the ones that did pretty well too. The OCGN was pretty, it was decent. It was nice to have a nice little push in the afternoon, 8.50 to about 9.25. Nice little trend right there. So OCGN was nice in the afternoon and the CR was a CRXT was pretty good too, also in the morning too. So this one had some really, really nice movement, break all-time highs, did a nice little shake, kind of stunk because like it was sitting here waiting for like 10, 15 minutes. And I got a little nervous because it made a little foul still flag right here. And then all of a sudden thing went from like 4.60, shot all the way to 5.20, did a little shake, shot up, and this one right here, it just got very volatile. Just took off right here, went from 5.20 all the way up to about 6.60. That was amazing. And then obviously you could see it started breaking lower, higher lows, and that's it, game over. So that pretty much does it there. That was a really, really nice decent day. And so now listen, like I say, let's turn the page. That's the past, let's focus on the future. And how we focus on the future, you follow the money. Remember, orders, orders, orders, use your level, use Nasdaq TotalView, use your BookView or everything like that. By the way, for everyone that's coming on site next week, please make sure you got your accommodations taken care of. We got a great guest speaker that's gonna come. We're gonna have Bruce from BookMap, it's gonna be there. We got our great blue-carb dinner we're gonna have. We're gonna have a lot of fun. And that's gonna be looking forward to having you all here. And if you can't make it, you can always access and do the webcast. So talk to Education Advisor if you wanna still be able to join us and just do the webcast if you can't come on site. The only bad part of it, you can enjoy the good food. Like I always say, and everyone who did take it here in the past, just please come here 10 pounds lighter because you're gonna be 20 pounds heavier. It's just a thing we like to do. All right, so anyway, a couple of stocks that are moving this morning. We have this GRVI that's moving this morning. And you can see right here, it's gonna bring up the level fours to see what happens. Okay, one of the issues having right now is that there's a big, big iceberg order that's hovering, you got a 20,000 or 14,000 share seller. He's been out there, so about 8.45. He's been holding it up. He really added to his position right before nine o'clock. And that's why it kind of backed off that 70 cents right there. And you could see it right here.  You don't see this on a chart. You don't see this with a MACD. You don't see this with a Fibonacci. Oh, but you can see it when you use our level four tools. Because remember, this is what it's all about. I was trained by the best here in New York. This is what we do. This is what Wall Street market makers do. You gotta follow what they do. Gotta follow the high frequency trade. So anyway, that stock, if you didn't see those big orders, guess what? Game over. Anyway, if those orders do get done though, we know what's gonna happen after that. Couple of the stocks that are on our watch list. G, it was a GRXP, I found. Yeah, this one also. Had a nice push this morning and started backing off. We traded about two days ago when it was right around $6, had a nice push, went like 12, had a really good pre-market move right here, you could see it. And then all of a sudden it's just starting to make higher lows. So, yeah, there's a latter effect that's going on right now. You could see that this guy kind of pushed it up and now it's starting to pop up over here. You got a 10,000 share seller. You know, remember 10,000 might not sound a lot, but when everyone's showing 100s, 1,000, you know, 10, 15,000 is a lot. Tier size is very small, so right off the bat, just probably in a category three, and we all know what that means. CYTO is going back on the watch list. This stock had a really, really nice push in pre-market in this morning and then all of a sudden started backing off a little bit. It's a cheap little stock, it's not expensive. Level one stock, I think a lot of people can afford to trade this. And, you know, it's got a good spread. So this is something to be a little safe. It's up about 20%, not terrible. Okay, so a blast from the past. We all know about T-Cat, remember T-Cat? So T-Cat, this is another stock that we traded for some of you, you know, know about the, what's that called again, the EFTs. So this one right here went from literally about $2, went old to about $80. This is a stock, if you can go back to our YouTube channel, our Twitter, we've been trading this stock all the way when the things started making a move. And you know what? I'm seeing a little bit of market moving here. It's got a lot of support level right here. If it breaks this resistance, I don't know, this could be a long shot. I got suckered in a couple of times getting into this stock here. I did lose money on it because we saw this thing make a big move, it went from $4 up to here, shot up to about 12 and started coming back down again. So just be very careful. We know the stock does not trade a lot of volume. There's not a lot of outstanding shares in the stock, very small tier sizes, but it could be a little bit of a long shot. So I'm gonna put this on the category B. Anyway, USA, USA is not doing too well. So I don't know, USA is trending down. It could be a nice short, I don't know if it's on the short list, but as that trend's going, 400,000 shares, you wanna short USA, here's your opportunity. As long as my concern is, I see a big buyer out here, which is hovering right around this 840, going back up until August. If it does break this, then this thing could drop all the way to 750. So right here, just to get to show you what's going on, there was a very big iceberg order and the guy got executed, hmm, maybe not a good thing. So when you see something like that, you know what, the stock got a lot more room to go down. How much lower could it go? You might not like it, I always tell everybody, it could always go down to zero. It's funny, I'll never forget I was in Canada when we had the financial crisis and people were telling me, hey, I own Citibank at $40, it's at 12, do I sell it? I'm like, well, support level's around eight. Well, we all know what happened, went down to a dollar. That was a very scary time. Do you guys think that the virus was very scary, regarding about the financial industry? That was very, very scary. So, I mean, that could have took down the whole market. So anyway, we got a couple of good stocks that are moving. We'll put that stock on the watch list. Obviously, there's always gonna be new ones that do come out, Jasper was one of them, we saw that. It wasn't in the watch list in the morning, but it just kind of showed up, right, the market opened. So if we see something, we'll say something. In the meantime, guys, tomorrow, we got a couple of big events. I am gonna be on World365 tomorrow. I'm gonna be on talking with the pros tomorrow. So, Friday is a very, very big day with education goes. So, look forward to seeing you all there. In the meantime, let's make our money, enjoy it and get into class and enjoy the rest of the weekend, all right? It's gonna be nice here in New York. Hope it's gonna be nice in your area. So, let's make our money and come back tomorrow and do it again. Good luck, everyone. Happy trading, be safe.


Someone asked for an update on the video game. I've been making I've been making lots of progress on it I made a new joystick thing. Yeah I Also have a program That makes it so you can map joystick buttons to be keyboard buttons So I didn't have to do a whole bunch of programming to make the joystick work with my game I'll show you that program real quick before I show you some games That's my game Let's see All right, I got this program called anti-micro and I got version 2.21 I think yes 2.21 and it's free and open source Which is why I'm happy to share this information And it makes it so you can Map joystick buttons to be keyboard buttons. So now this is the a this is the s2w. So yeah works I don't want to show some of the Video game stuff. I've been working on because it'll you know spoilers it'll wreck some of the story But I can show you Some of the game mechanics. I just updated in the tester zone Activating ghetto screen capture Tester zone this just has like everything. It's where I test it So you have lots of different robots you can build you can build this one Stop You know this one is black one over here. There's some purple ones and some blue ones and The original way I made it so they got damaged was like if you're in this robot driving it around You're driving around if you get damaged till it's broken You just get like a broken robot and then you have to like get out and repair it and stuff but I decided that since Changing this robot to upgrade to this robot you just hammer on a bunch of this fancy armor to make the next robot And that's that's how you upgrade your robot is you just like hammer on new parts Well, I was thinking I should make it so that when this robot gets damaged all that type of armor Falls off it and then you get the next robot down So I just programmed that I'm gonna check if it works So this is the toughest robot in existence right now Now hopefully when he gets damaged all the way a bunch of blue armor will fall off and I'll get a purple robot If I did it right Cool. Now when this gets blown up Oh, yeah, it changes this screen size too because the blue one can see farther. Oh I didn't even have to program that I must have done a good job before And I'm down to the yellow robot and when this guy gets hit This is yellow armor. Yep. All right. I'm gonna take these guys out. I Still have the strongest blaster on the robot Because I didn't make it so your cockpit gets shut I'm not sure if I want to do that yet. Okay. Now. I should be able to just put these pieces back on I'm still getting a little bit used to the joystick. Man, it makes it so much more fun. I'm used to the keyboard I like doing it this way a lot more because then you don't have stoppage of play if your robot gets damaged You can just keep keep blasting and once you destroy all the enemies and you're clear Then you can You know do all your repairs and stuff. Oh This is 50 million strength metal Daughter Bellatrix named it and there's a special reason that this robot has feet. I don't want to say what it is Because it's part of the story of the game Actually, that's what he worked.  All right, so that's what I'm working on right now I don't want to say anything else because I don't want to wreck the story for anyone. Okay over and out Oh, and if you're wondering when I find time to work on things like this, it's whenever the Sun is down Like after dinner well after my kids go to sleep then I work on stuff like this Oh, and I haven't been uploading, you know updates of the game because anytime I upload a new version I have to play the game from beginning to up to where I am to Check for bugs because often I'll you know if I'm working on something later It might affect something earlier and then I have to go back and do little adjustments to fix it The game's getting kind of long now, so it takes a while to do that. So I'm just working on it instead of you know Checking that it's all stable and uploading it


Hi everyone, Joe for jazby's casebreaks.com coming at you with 2018-2019 Chronicles basketball Hanger box edition random team break number one with a chance to win three Spots in that our last last-dance mixer, which will happen tomorrow, but let's do the break itself first To the break itself first then we'll re-randomize your names at the end per usual a very big Thank you to all of these folks for getting into the action really appreciate it here in Hanger box one And let's roll it. Let's randomize it. This is the break six times two and a four and sixth and final time after six We've got Ryan down to Matthew six times for the teams and six in final time We've got Hacer's down to thunder Alright, so there's the first half of the list right here. This is 2018-19. So Let's look for Atlanta Hawks Ryan got a chance to Trey Young's in here It's a hanger box. We can't set our expectations too high William Hunt in the Mab, but you never know You never know Could there could be some surprises in these these boxes and of course The main point of this is to see who wins those three mixer spots. Alright, let's print and rip ladies and gentlemen There you go. The official printout hot off the presses Good luck, everybody. Oh, I've got a Luca right over here Hutchinson Troy Brown Jr. LA Cobu Josh Jackson Deandre Aitons a rookie right there Cobu again And full of teen spirit Luca Donchich That goes to the Mavs William Hunt with that one and Adam cupperman you had the Sun's you'll get that Deandre Aitons Who's playing some good ball before NBA got paused Nice So some nice rookies in here. There's another Donchich rookie Oh Those will add up nice. This is this is in that that playoff design Not my plan it's trying to win a game All right, let's flip back to this list right here. Let's grab everybody's names And let's see who the top three are gonna be so from Ryan down to Anthony P and everybody in between Let's roll it new dice roll. Let's roll it randomize that list three and a one Top three after four will be in the mixer. Good luck three and four Thanks everyone for giving this a shot and congrats to the top three. It's gonna be Aaron Jonathan and Jonathan two spots for Jonathan L. Wow, there you go. Congrats. Thanks everyone for trying I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye. Bye


Okay, all right. Good morning everyone and can everybody hear me well in the back Okay, let me get this closer That is sound better Great. All right. Let's uh, let's get started and thank you for the introduction and say I'm gonna talk about See the randomness in a quantum work Which will echo several of the talks we've heard so far and this is John's work with my great collaborators Junfeng Ji from UT Sydney and E. K. Liu at NIST and University of Maryland All right, so let me start off by claiming that randomness is useful period So I believe you've already have a lot tons of examples flying in your head Supporting this claim like all the nice randomized algorithms probabilistic constructions of you know nice commentary of objects and of course everywhere in cryptography But everything comes at a cost You know true randomness may be difficult may be expensive to come by for example You find a sample a random boolean function such that every n-bit input gets assigned one bit Random output Independently then we're gonna need two to the n fair random coins and that's an exponentially large number But most of the time a good approximation, which we call see the randomness is As useful if not more so see the randomness That means that we can efficiently sample from some universe such that This sample would just look no different from a sample from according to some ideally random distribution typically a uniform distribution over the universe and For the most part of this talk, we're only be concerned concerned with efficient observers Okay, and you've realized this is just the familiar computational indistinguishability All right, so just a refresher of some important pseudo random objects first of all pseudo random generator Which is a efficient algorithm tree such that It expands a relative short random seed K to a long string RK, which is indistinguishable from a uniform random string R and Next take all the functions With n-bit input and output as the universe then we can consider a set of functions fk indexed by a Kk and we call it pseudo random if If we pick a random K, then fk will appear just as a Function chose a uniform random from the universe from our functions Okay, so PRG is an PRFs. They are Central primitives in cryptography that appear All over the places and there is also a beautiful theory saying well PRG and PRFs They exist if only if one way functions exist So far so good But the question we're asking this work is how about a quantum word? What happens? Okay, so one could ask What if the observer which is the attacker in this in this setting here becomes capable of quantum computing? So are those pseudo random objects still secure? So this is a very important question that one has received quite a bit of research and I think it's safe to say that There are pseudo random generators and pseudo random functions, which we believe to be quantum secure under reasonable assumptions Okay, but notice that this side of the question Only considers the attacker being quantum, but there is another element in this picture Which can change in a common word That is The universe right we might want to sample from a quantum universe instead of just the classical objects like strings or functions and That's what we explore in this work towards developing a theory of quantum pseudo randomness So first of all we propose a definition of primitive called pseudo random quantum states Which is analogous to pseudo random generators and we gave a efficient construction Which uses any quantum secure pseudo random function as a black box? and then we Investigate all the nice properties and applications and most the most interesting one is To it's the construction of a private key quantum money from any pseudo random state due to a seemingly stronger, but equivalent formulation of pseudo random states and also a non-cannoning property of pseudo random states Okay, and finally we take an initial step for studying pseudo random Unity operators, which is analogous to pseudo random functions So we propose a definition and give several candidate constructions. Unfortunately, we're yet to prove them Okay, so let's get to some real meat and let me start with It's that's hard to see but let me start with defining pseudo random states Okay, so first of all, what are quantum states in case you're not familiar with that? Well, the basic information unit in quantum computing It's called quantum bit or Q it. It's just a vector with length one on a complex plane Okay, and for multiple qubits, they're composed by the so-called tensor product operator So the specifics are not important But it's crucial to keep in mind that dimension grows exponentially with the number of qubits and this is in sharp contrast with Costco strings Okay, and the ideal distribution for quantum states is called it's called hard random and A hard random state has been used to test all kinds of physics theories among other applications And it's not surprising that it takes exponential Many random days to sample a hard random state Okay, so with this element spelled out a seal run with a definition of seal run was for quantum states seems at hand right, so let's consider a collection of quantum states Psi K indexed by your class called key K. How about we call this Psi K seal the random if Number one we can efficiently generate Psi K on quantum computer and Number two the seal the random part just supports computational Indistinguishability here. We say, okay, I pick a random key and ask that Psi K is indistinguishable from a hard random state Well, unfortunately, this definition doesn't quite make the cut Due to a weirdness known as quantum non-colonial. So basically says that Given the unknown state Psi, it's impossible to produce two identical copies So what is that imply? Well, think about it Cascally if I give the observer a copy of the string Well, it's it's one have full knowledge and can make as many copies as it wants But quantum non-colonial says well, we cannot presume that in the quantum setting and in fact The number of copies we give to the observer really matters You can come up with a family of states such that if you only give one random copy It's perfectly indistinguishable from a higher random state But as long as you give it more than two copies, it's trivial to distinguish them. So instead The definition we propose which we think is a is a right one We explicitly give the observer multiple copies of the sample and In fact any polynomial in many samples and we ask indistinguishability to hold In this setting, okay, this is what we call a pseudo random state All right. Next. Let's see some nice properties and applications which would further justify our definition So first of all, let's consider a variant a variant definition where we additionally give Observer access to a reflection article which reflects a vector about the given vector So for any state fee This are sub fee operator the reflection operator will flip the sign of fee But we'll keep anything a thumb not to fee unchanged so We require the pseudo randomness the indistinguishability to hold with respect to this stronger seemingly stronger observer so Obviously a pseudo random states in this sense It's automatically a pseudo random states in earlier notion They also showed the reverse direction and the reason is So so that means the reflection article doesn't help the observer to distinguish the two cases and the basic idea is When we have multiple copies we can simulate this reflection article and this also shows a Love in multiple copies in our definition is crucial and that's we can show that a pseudo random state is hard to clone efficiently and In fact, given several copies of the of a theorem states It's in feasible to produce any surplus and to show this You can we can we can show that a good copier would give for a good distinguisher So let's take two m plus one qubits Okay, and we feed the first m qubits to the hypothetical Copier which would produce and plus one copies and then we run the swap test on the top and plus one and the bottom and plus One qubits which very loosely speaking will tell us whether the top ones and the bottom ones are identical So when the input states is a high random states It's been proven in the 90s that it cannot be cloned unconditionally So that means the swap test will say no the top ones and the bottom ones are not the same on the other hand If there is a good copier then can copy a theorem states then the swap test will say yes, and that's how the observer can tell a discrepancy and An interesting application follows from these two properties, which is it gives us a construction of quantum money So what is the quantum money? Well, it's a money design where the bank notes can be quantum states specifically, let's think about a bank which uses a secret key to produce a bank note called dollar SK and Suppose after some transaction this bank note goes to another client who submits it to a verifier to check if this This note is valid using a verification key VK So if SK and the VK are the same we call it a private key quantum money scheme and Here only the bank can verify the bank note but if the two keys are asymmetric and VK can be made public then we call it public key quantum money and Here anyone with the verification key can check the validity of the bank note And to make a secure money Obviously you want to make sure nobody can counterfeit a new bank note All right, and this should be true given that the counterfeiter can potentially take advantage of the verification procedure to help him or and It's not hard to convince yourself that classically any bank note can be copied can be counterfeited in principle unless we show that Any steal the random state Will give us a private key quantum money scheme almost immediately. So basically we just let the notes the bank notes dollar SK to be psi K and By the two properties we just shown It's will imply that psi K will be hard to counterfeit and here the reflection hour call will be pretty much the verification procedure Okay, and I want to point out that the idea of creating a quantum money using But by means of quantum information that Was proposed back in the sixties and was considered the born of quantum cryptography But getting a secure one Has been really non fever and there's a there's a long history of you know breaks and fixes It's not until 2012 Then our sin and Chris Daniel they proposed the probe the first privilege to cure private key money quantum money based on a specific algebraic assumption and In contrast in comparison our scheme is generic and can be based on any theorem state And we all see in second then can be based on any quantum secure pseudorandom function Okay, so this will be more versatile and could offer better efficiency and security All right, let's see how to construct a pseudorandom state Well, we're gonna take a quantum secure pseudorandom function fk here, and then we're gonna create the superposition which Superpose over all numbers from zero to two to the n minus one and the amplitudes are determined by raising the the root of unity to the power of fk of x okay, and we can show this will be a pseudorandom state and To see this well, basically pseudorandomness comes from the fact that if we can just first switch fk to a truly random function because fk fk is a pseudorandom function and Then we can explicitly calculate the distance It's distance to a hard random state, which is negligible small and we can also Generate the state psi k efficiently essentially by quantum for a transfer Okay, and we call this construction random phase states and they're pseudorandom All right, finally, let me tell you briefly over some preliminary result on pseudorandom unity operators Okay, so similar to The class setting where we use functions to manipulate strings Quantum physics says that the legit operations on quantum states are going to be unitary which are reversible and length-preserving and simple examples include rotating or changing the phase of a vector and The ideal distribution here when it comes to Unitary operators is also caught called hard random think of that's the uniform distribution for unitary operators and hard random unit errors they found use in designing quantum algorithms and cryptographic primitives etc and Again, it's expensive to sample so instead We're going to define a pseudorandom unitary operator, which is a collection of unitary is again indexed by your class called KK Such that for a random K UK will be indistinguishable from a hard random unitary and more specifically This sample the unitary is given to the observer as an oracle or you can think that as a basic gate So then you can invoke it in your computation any polynomial times All right, but how do we construct a pseudorandom unitary? Well, we've come up with several candidates, but unfortunately, we haven't been able to prove them But let me tell you the construction So we're going to take a pseudorandom permutation a column secure pseudorandom permutation which exists assuming a Quantum secure pseudorandom function, okay, and then given any n qubit input we're going to hit it first by this pseudorandom permutation and then we're going to apply a bunch of hard words which Will change the basis of the qubit and then we repeat this and we conjecture With enough repetitions, this will be a pseudorandom unitary and you can think of you can think of our various Variants of this for example instead of doing hardware you can apply Confer a transform in between Okay, so before I conclude my talk I'll mention the important Related work which some of you might be expecting since the very beginning So we've been treating pseudorandoms as a Approximation to true randomness as far as efficient observers are concerned Okay, so what if we don't restrict the running time, but rather The number of observations that the observer can can see This will give us a statistical notion of pseudorandomness commonly known as TY's independence for example a Statistical version of a pseudorandom function would be a family function such that it's going to be indistinguishable from a true Truly random function as long as the observer only Evaluates the function t times and t is typically a small a small number like a constant Okay, and the statistical pseudorandomness in the column saying has been studied quite a bit before they are known as t designs both for quantum states and for Unitary operators and I should say many Applications have been identified For those t designs and we anticipate that we can pretty much plug in our computational variants of this pseudorandom objects as long as we are fine with efficient adversaries All right. Okay. Let me quickly wrap up. So we've seen a definition of pseudorandom quantum states and we've seen the construction of pseudorandom states from any quantum secure pseudorandom function and also a private K quantum minus game falling from some nice characteristics characteristics of our pseudorandom quantum states and Also some preliminary results on pseudorandom unity operators so we believe there are lots of new directions to explore and Ultimately, it would be nice to have a unified theory for quantum pseudorandomness similar to the success in the classical literature and That still seems steps away, but let me just list a few immediate questions So first of all, can we simplify our random phase state construction by using an active one instead of In-through to unity and that's actually our first attempt it's not as easy to analyze, but we think it should work and Also our construction of pseudorandom state relies on pseudorandom functions How about the reverse direction? It's not clear to us, you know, that's necessary And another question is, you know, obviously can we construct public key quantum minus game from you know, our pseudorandom states and Finally, you know, if you can Prove our kind of construction of pseudorandom units, let me know I'll definitely buy your drink or Anything or anything you prefer as long as I can pay for it using my quantum money All right with that, thank you for your attention and I'm happy to take your questions


Bye, bye, bye because everyone 10 did nothing. Socialism is not compatible with altruism because I'm forced to pay taxes it's not altruistic at all Secondly I agree that the present crisis is a Catastrophic third wave of monetary policy if we didn't have central banks would he have been avoided Gyda hwn o'r hoedg wrtha'n roi yma, gyda'n hoedg o'r hoedg yma, ond o'n gwybod ymlaen ymlaen. David Cymru, y byddwn hefyd imbryd i'r rhan o bobl, a fynd i'r staf님 yna ymlaen go Battery Civil. OK? Optimism, optimism, optimism. Socialism, optimism. How about we do this? Let's leave emotion and optimism to last, because you want to end on a positive note. Let me do socialism, torture and then... No, there's nothing in altruism that says that it has to be voluntary. Utilism does not require you to voluntarily sacrifice. It's fine to force people to sacrifice. There's nothing in the Christian ethic, there's nothing in the Jewish ethic, there's nothing in the Islamic ethic, there's nothing in the Contian ethic that suggests volunteerism. If I think you're not giving enough to the poor, it's completely fine for me to force you to give more and you'll still land up in heaven as a consequence. So the fact that you are forced to do it doesn't change its moral status necessarily. But the other orientation is consistent with socialism. Socialism, you can sell socialism with altruism much easier than you can sell capitalism with altruism. Capitalism is unaltruistic, even though it's voluntary, even though it's charitable, even though people give more under capitalism to charity than they would under any other system. They're far more pro-like, pro-charity, pro-people than under any other system. The motivation is not altruistic, it's selfish fundamentally, even when they do charity and as a consequence, if you're an altruist, capitalism is up. That's a quick answer. Torture. How many of you watched 24? Oh yeah. There's no question in my mind that under certain circumstances, life or death circumstances, torture is absolutely moral. Not only that, I would argue that it's a moral necessity, that not to torture somebody, when you know that torture will save lives, when you know that that person is a beggar, I'm assuming that, that torture person is a beggar, you know that person is a beggar and lies will be saved if you don't, then it would be immoral not to torture him because then these people are dying. Now, I'm also assuming something else, that torture is effective. I have no opinion one way or the other about that. That's a technical question, you'd have to ask the experts. I think it is, but that's just a personal opinion. You know, a little bit based on the fact that I used, I certainly used really military intelligence a long time ago. I didn't actually do any torture, I promise to go on. I'll give you an example, and actually this comes from a leftist, Alan Dushawitz, who's an American leftist, but has written on torture. And this example is, you know, you make a person, make a person.  Are you willing to do whatever it takes to get that terrorist to dismantle the bomb? My question is about terrorist suspects as opposed to known terrorists, because I think that's usually where the question is. Well, there's no question, there are great areas here. You don't torture somebody you don't know, but look, it's why I like 24, because it presents these kind of moral dilemmas. There's a nuke going off in Los Angeles right now. You've got a person that you're convinced 80% is responsible. He's the only one who can dismantle the nuke.  What do you do? Well, there's a certain point where, you know, if he's innocent, there's no torturing will be ineffective.  There's a waste of time. You've got a bomb to dismantle. At some point, it becomes the only practical thing to do. It's great, and that's why it should only be in an extraordinary circumstances. But I think it's left to the experts to make those kind of evaluations. So I don't rule torture out, is my point. But it certainly don't suggest that every criminal should be tortured, or every suspect of a crime should be tortured. Emotion and optimism? Emotion and optimism. I am optimistic. And I do believe that we need to make an emotional case for capitalism. And as you can see, I'm a pretty emotional guy. And I think we can make an emotional case. I think we have to make the rational case, but we can do it with passion, first of all. Secondly, I go back to this notion of the pursuit of happiness. At least in America, we can hook people with this idea of, here's a morality that completely justifies, provides a basis in philosophy and morality for your pursuing your happiness. You don't have to feel guilty for being successful. You don't have to feel guilty for working hard at taking care of your family and not worrying too much about starving kids in Africa. You shouldn't feel guilty about those things. Americans, at least, and I think generally human beings, respond positively to that message of self-fulman, self-actualisation, happiness, individual happiness, taking care of oneself and one family. I think that is the message that needs to be conveyed. And capitalism is a system that allows them to do that. It's the only system that leaves them free to pursue their own happiness. That's something people can really grasp onto and relate to. And the reason I'm happiness is because of that. People still respond positively to that message. And, you know, I believe that Iron Man is probably the best communicator of these ideas ever. And part of my optimism is the fact that through many of our programs, we believe that about a million kids in the United States every year are reading Iron Man. Iron Man sales in the bookstores. I'm related to our own activities. Iron Man sales in the bookstores. She sells, somewhere close to double what she sold when she was alive. So, that was struggle. She sells about double the number of copies today, every day in the bookstores. Then there was a best seller, a New York Times best seller in 1957 when it first came out. The growth rate is clearly upwards. More and more people are talking about her ideas. More and more people are taking her seriously. Today there is a chain in the philosophy of objectivism at the University of Texas in Austin. A top 20 philosophy department in the world has a chain of philosophy of objectivism. There are regular seminars among philosophers to talk about her ideas. You know, there are at least somewhere between 50 to 100 universities in the United States where Iron Man is being taught on a regular basis. So, I'm very optimistic because I think these are powerful ideas. And if we can expose enough people to them, people respond positively to them. Our enemy is ignorant. And if we're getting these ideas out there for you, people are reading the books, people are being engaged with these ideas, then I cannot help but believe that we will win. Thank you all. One who defends capitalism with such vigour and flash, I think deserves a medal. And so, here is your one with Adam Smith. Thank you.


As part of SDG 4, we look at global governance of education. Our Prana system was that we make education policies in our country. And those policies are always in line with the values of the society, norms of the society, aspirations of the society. So, our systems, norms, setting and regulation in the delivery of education, these are becoming more complex. So, our Prana approach was that our government makes policies or governmental organizations are prominent. We see that there is increasing participation by a range of non-state actors. We see that there is a progressive shift in the local authority from the state to the global level. And there can be a lot of reasons for that. There is a matter of interest, there is a matter of resources. And where we talk about resources, there are a lot of strings attached to it. And on the basis of those strings, we have to modify and change a lot of things. Either we get the funding from outside or we keep our values intact. So, we see that governance arrangements at the global level have become more complex. As illustrated by multi-take arrangements such as the global partnership for education. So, the potential influence of global governance in education is more controversial in other development sectors such as health. So, this is more like a political decision. It is the political authority which decides about all that. So, fundamentally political nature of the national education policy and the multiple and intertwined ethical, cultural, economic, social and civic dimensions, it comprises. So, this is a traditional system and it has been running. But now we see that there are a lot of effects on the global level. And it is talking about interconnections. It is talking about funding. Particularly for those countries where there are low-income countries, if they want to move forward and education is a means to that, then they have to seek resources from various places. And because of that, we see that there is a change or changing pattern of educational financing. So, instead of let us say pooling the resources from within the country, we have to seek resources from outside. Maybe it is difficult to let us say pool resources from within the country, then we have to move to other institutions for funding. So, as access to both basic and post-basic education expands, there is a lot more pressure on public financing of formal education and training systems. So, because there are more importance on this, therefore, we need to expand these facilities. For the expansion of these facilities, we need more efficient use of the limited resources. Or some are in limited resources and we have to find ways to supplement them to greater fiscal capacity, advocacy for increased official development system and new partnership with Non-State Act. These new partnerships within the country are coming. Here, the private sector is coming. Public-private partnership is coming. And here, not only within the country, there are other people with political authority. In fact, we see these things on a global level. So, there we see that these donors have a crucial role in the formulation of new educational systems or new educational policies. So, donors have traditionally played an important role in supplementing national public spending, particularly for basic education. Because basic education has been considered as something essential. So, that's where we see that that education has become compulsory. When it becomes compulsory and it becomes part of the constitution, we have to provide it as one of the basic human rights it needs resources. So, resources, if we read less, then we look for resources from outside. And outsiders also have a lot of vested interest in it. So, along with that, a lot of things are coming. Therefore, the share of international aid to public education remains important for many of the developing countries, many of the countries which have low income. So, that opens up the avenues for global collective action. In particular, for a funding mechanism that may supplement national public expenditure for education as a public good. This is an important concept considering education as a public good. The influence of donors on national policymaking becomes, let's say crucial becomes important. So, they not only provide development aid, they also let have an influence but rather tremendous influence on the education policy. So, we can say that this is an interference, but if we have to go with the world, then sometimes we don't have many choices. So, when donors impose conditions or rules for giving of aid, then governments may be forced to change their policies accordingly. Pakistan, we have seen a lot of experience in this. The IMF funding that is coming along with it has a lot of conditions. So, that is how we see. So, donor financing by results may be a variant to national policies that take into account national aspirations, priorities, contacts and conditions. Now, national policies have to look into the national aspirations of the people of the country. So, they look for their own values. They have to make the policy in the local context. But when it comes from outside, then that becomes an important factor for changing that system, changing that policy. So, we see that changing dynamics of international cooperation are there. As countries face increasingly similar difficulties, this may unemployment be possible here, inequalities be possible here, climate change be possible here. So, there is now a call for universality and integration as essential features of the future for 2015 development agenda. So, this is the international cooperation. So, universality indeed implies that all countries will need to change their development path, each with its own approach and according to its own circumstance. So, that's the paradigm shift which compels to think in terms of shared responsibility for a shared future. So, this is our planet, that has to be taken care of by all. So, that is where we see that the global governance of education.


Welcome to WRC 19, the World Radio Communication Conference being held in Shamashake in Egypt. And I'm pleased to be joining the studio today by Christopher Marx, who is the Chief Business Officer for IB Lenthart. Christopher, welcome to the studio. Thank you very much, Max. Thanks, this is very nice and a warm welcome and I'm pleased to be here. Now we had one of your colleagues in here before telling us a little bit about IB Lenthart and what you do, but I wanted to ask you, perhaps we'll just start off by talking about this conference, WRC 19 and why this conference is important to you and what your main goals and aims are for being here. Yes, we are here for this beautiful event to get in touch with authority delegates and from all over the world since our business is the international type approval and compliance for radio products. So therefore for us it is very important to be here to join the conference and to get in touch with all the authority delegates and get into discussions to bring an understanding between manufacturers, who are our clients for their development and also to see what are the changes and what is the outcome from the meetings. What has struck you most about this conference? I think it's a part of everything, yes. It's like there are many, many authority officers, also business representatives and what is overwhelming is that there is so much will for bringing consent in all the discussions. This is something that is very exciting to us to see this, that basically there is the goal to have one goal and to pursue this together. What's the most important thing in terms of radio communications, the topics that are being discussed here that is of key interest to you? For sure this is the 5G which will be very interesting for us in the near future since it will also have a big effect on the autonomous driving for vehicles since most of our clients are from the automotive supply industry. This will be a very exciting movement but also for IoT of course and Smart City. It will be very exciting for the future. So is 5G crucial for autonomous driving to really take off? We do believe so, because of the performance that it can bring it will raise the evolution of the autonomous driving to another level what we believe. And in terms of the outcomes of this event what do you hope you will be able to go home in the safe knowledge that this has happened? Well the outcome for us, for the company personally, what we believe the outcome we already have a good outcome when we gather together with the officers and with the participants of this meeting. Yes we have been at the ITUWRC 2015 in Geneva and which was amazing and this year it is also putting something on top also. So it's been worth your while coming here to Shambhal Sheikh and spending the time here? For sure, very nice environment, friendly people and yes it's really a good very good experience for us. Christopher Muckes thank you very much for joining us in the studio and we wish you the very best and a safe journey home as well. Thank you so much, I appreciate your time. Thank you.


I'd like to invite Ms. Karinjapke to lead us in a word of prayer. Rev. ourselves. Listen master, divine, we come before you this morning with the time sent to you for your strength and health and the ability to be here today. We ask that you embrace us and give us the divine intervention as we come together for this conference so that we may do all necessary for the betterment of our region. We thank you in the name of your son Jesus Christ. Amen. Thank you ladies and gentlemen. You may have your seats. Good morning, one and all. Let me first of all, apologize for the late start. My name is Juliana Alfred and I am the permanent secretary in the AG's chambers and I will be your mistress of ceremonies for the first part of this meeting. I want to begin this morning by recognizing the Honorable Prime Minister, the Honorable Alan Shastney, Prime Minister of St. Lucia. I want to also recognize members of the cabinet who are present with us today. Senator, the Honorable Humangill Francis, Minister for Home Affairs, Justice and National Security. I also want to recognize the Honorable Attorney General who is also with us today. I also would like to recognize as well the Deputy Director of the World Intellectual Property, Mr. Mario Matas, Ministers with Responsibility for Intellectual Property of Caracum Member States, Members of the Diplomatic Corps, Permanent Secretaries from the Region and maybe St. Lucia. Distinguished representatives of the Caribbean community. Distinguished representatives of the OECS, Organization of Eastern Caribbean States. Head of the Caribbean section of the World Intellectual Property Organization, Regional Bureau of Latin America and the Caribbean, Ms. Caroline Simpson, Senior Administrative Assistance, World Intellectual Property, Ms. Veronica Villa. Heads of Intellectual Property Offices of the Region, Members of the Waipo Ministerial Planning Committee, Staff of other government departments and chambers, other specially invited guests, representatives of the media, ladies and gentlemen, good morning again. It is indeed a pleasure to welcome you to this opening ceremony and before we get into any formalities, as we did yesterday at Government House and as we did on Tuesday, I think it was, we want to ensure that you get an experience which represents the culture of St. Lucia. After all, you are here speaking of the preservation and protection of expressions of folklore, other traditional expressions. It's all about intellectual property and so we wanted to ensure that you got a taste of St. Lucia. So today, we've diversified a bit. We gave you dance earlier in the week. So today, we're gonna give you one of our local bands, very popular, Mamai Lakai. I hand over to you guys. Now to invite Senator, the Honorable Home and Guild Francis, Minister for Home Affairs, Justice, and National Security to deliver some brief remarks. Minister. Thank you very much, Mr. Sirmaniz. Are you with me? Good morning to our Deputy Director of the World Intellectual Property Organization, Mr. Mario Matus. Ministers with Responsibility for Intellectual Property, Head of the Caribbean Section of the World Intellectual Property Organization, Regional Bureau of Latin America and the Caribbean Development Sector, Ms. Carl Simpson, Senior Administrative Assistant of the World Intellectual Property Organization, Ms. Veronica Villa, Distinguished Representatives of the Caribbean Community, Caricum, Distinguished Representatives of the Organization of the Eastern Caribbean States, OECS, the Honorable Attorney General of St. Lucia, Honorable Stephen Julian, Heads of Intellectual Property Offices in the Region, Professor James Connolly, Clinical Professor of Technology at the Kellogg's University, Ms. Teni Ries, Consultant on Intellectual Property for the Trademark Manual Project for the Caribbean Region, Permanent Secretary, Attorney General's Chambers, Ms. Juliana Alfred, Members, Waipo, Ministerial Planning Committee, Invited Guests. I want to make a special welcome to my Prime Minister, Honorable Allen Luisi Siasne. I think you're in good company. So thank you very much for coming, Honorable Minister. On behalf of the government and people of St. Lucia, it is an honor to welcome you to the shores of the Helen of the West Indies and to deliver the opening address at this momentous event in the history of our region. An event of this niche stature, sorry, showcases our region's academic achievements, our continued pursuits towards economic sustainability and the spread of cooperation which lies within the hearts of every Caribbean national. It is a reminder of the importance of collaboration in achieving our visions for our respective nations and the region as a whole. St. Lucia is pleased to provide the stage on which the region's most pressing intellectual property issues will be expounded on. With the profound support provided by the World Intellectual Property Organization, Waipo, the region has been able to provide its people with the intellectual property insight and the means to protect the intellectual property rights. All countries represented here today can no doubt attest to the contributions they have received from the World Intellectual Property Organization. As a region, we take this opportunity to convey to the Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization for his distinguished representative, Deputy Director Mattis. Our gratitude to the organization for the contribution made to our region and moreover to pledge our willingness to continue to work in tandem with Waipo to improve the existing IP rights structure and to expand the nature of IP protection across our nations. I also rise to express on behalf of my fellow ministers with responsibility for intellectual property. Our gratitude to the various heads of IP officers. Excuse me. Present here today. We thank you for being the champions of IP within our jurisdictions. Your sacrifices of time and effort must be commended. So too must your ability to execute public education and outreach initiatives, build capacity within your offices while balancing administrative duties and budget allocations. We wish to commend your contributions to intellectual property in the region and urge you to continue to build on the successes. Furthermore, I thank you for your participation in the preparatory meeting held on 24th and 25th July and for the resolutions which resulted from the meeting now laid before us today for our deliberation. We also wish to express our appreciation to CARICUM and to the organization of the Eastern Caribbean States, OECS, for its contributions towards developing and harmonizing the IP regime in the Caribbean. The efforts of CARICUM towards the establishment of a Caribbean patent administration system, C-PASS, are laudable. As you are aware, the draft text is now in its eighth version and provides for a single appreciation and awarding of a patent based on the satisfaction of regional criteria. The benefits of C-PASS were expounded by Mr. David Bradford at the Waipo Ministerial level meeting held in 2015. Mr. Bradford explained that for the inventors, C-PASS would mean a simpler and cheaper system with one set of official fees, one set of attorney fees, and a single bureaucracy to deal with for member states. The benefit would be the ability to meet treaty obligations, to provide a center of expertise in the Caribbean, the granting of a more certain legal right and the elimination of wastage of resources through the duplication of work across national IP offices. As such, it is my view that much like myself, my fellow ministers anxiously await the presentation on the proposed C-PASS, which we'll follow later today. Moreover, discussions surrounding the establishment of a regional approach to the protection of traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expressions, and genetic resources are of particular importance to the Caribbean region. Issues such as one, how can the region adequately provide greater public education on lesser known IP areas, such as geographical indications and traditional knowledge? We've limited economic resources to do so. Two, how do we persuade our creators and entrepreneurs that IP protection should form part of the business strategies? And three, how do we secure our traditional knowledge and folklore for future generations while protecting them from exploitations, from exploitation are cut-crossing ones? As such, a meeting of this level serves as a think tank to propel creative solutions to these complex challenges pervading across the region. As a region, we recognize the wealth contained in our culture and the danger of exploitation, which is an ever-present reality. We acknowledge there is an urgent need to adequately protect those areas of IP rights, admittedly there is much work to be done in the region to protect this emerging area of protection. As your makeup bolts ahead, no pun intended, the other nations must proceed with this before we are left behind. We echo the findings of the traditional knowledge working group that there is need for public education, capacity building, campaigns, and greater collaborations between key IP agencies across the region. I also wish to note the proposed trademark manual, which has been thoughtfully and meticulously prepared by Ms. Teni Ries, consultant on intellectual property for trademark manual project for the Caribbean region. This document serves as a testament to the commitment of our region to provide equitable and uniform treatment to nationals and non-nationals. The draft manuals demonstrates the excellence of our region's academics and the ability of our people to create mechanisms to guide our decision-making processes. I anticipate that the pictures backdrop that is our beautiful island will inspire resounding conclusions as to one, whether the areas of traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expressions, and genetic resources should be dealt with in separate provisions or a curriculum-based approach should be adopted. Lastly, having recognized the importance of cooperation between regional IP offices and the respective trade and export agencies in the countries in extending the reach of IP knowledge, we look forward to the presentation by the Caribbean Export Agency. I am confident that all IP offices will walk away from the presentation with a renewed sense of purpose and ideas as to how they can co-operate their local trade and export agencies in the efforts to promote greater IP awareness. To my fellow ministers, our presence here is a testament to our commitment to advancing our nations and the region's IP landscape to afford the greatest level of protection to our citizens. As we prepare to deliberate on the resolutions before us, I wish to leave you with our new marketing tagline. Saint Lucia, let her inspire you. Thank you. Thank you very much, Minister Francis, for this insightful presentation, much food for thought, and I'm sure we all welcome your contribution. I would like now to have a video, a video message being delivered by the Director-General of the World Intellectual Property. So I ask that the... Mr. Francis Garry. If you could just turn your attention to this. Honourable Ministers, distinguished heads of IP officers and the representatives of CARICOM and the OECS, thank you very much for this opportunity to say a few words at the outset of your meeting, of your extremely important meeting. I'm delighted that my colleagues are present with you. I envy them very much. Mario Matus is there, Carol Simpson. Amongst others, I envy them very much to be in the beautiful Saint Lucia and I should like to extend my thanks at the outset to the Ministry of Home Affairs, Justice and National Security of Saint Lucia and to the Registry of Companies and Intellectual Property Rights of Saint Lucia. Thank you very much for your kind hospitality and for agreeing to host this meeting with which we are very proud to be associated. It is, as I said, an extremely important meeting. It's an opportunity for dialogue amongst the chief policy makers in the field of intellectual property in the Caribbean countries. It's an opportunity to set policy directions and an opportunity also to prioritise amongst the many possible directions of policy that might be set. I should also like to extend our really profound thanks to the Caribbean countries for their constant support for multilateralism and for the World Intellectual Property Organization. We really rely on our Member States' support and engagement and we're very grateful to the Caribbean countries for this, I think, very consistent approach of promoting multilateralism in times when there are significant challenges to multilateralism. Well, in the World Intellectual Property, the trends that we've seen in recent years remain similar. We see growing demand throughout the world for intellectual property rights. Application numbers continue to rise and to rise at levels that outperform the performance of the world economy. We see continuing shifts in the geography of innovation of economic production in general. Asia has become a major, major participant in the world of intellectual property. The majority of intellectual property applications actually in the world are generated now, some 60% on average from Asia. We see increasing competition based on value addition and intellectual property rights, and we see continuous disruption as a consequence of the introduction of new technologies. So these are all, I think, familiar trends to you all that we see and they do have the effect of placing more and more importance on intellectual property as a mechanism by which the competitive advantage is secured and preserved in very intense and changing international landscape for competition. We, of course, have this our mission to support you even if it's rather modest support, but to support you in your objectives. And my colleagues, of course, will be taking you through various of our services that you are, I think, already very familiar with and the ways in which we can provide assistance through our global systems, the Patent Cooperation Treaty and the DRID system for trademarks, the Hague system for designs, the Arbitration and Mediation Centre. Our normative agenda, which is which requires a lot of patience, again, thanks to the Caribbean countries for championing a number of initiatives, notably Jamaica's role and other Caribbean countries' role in promoting an international form of protection for country names, which is under discussion in our Standing Committee on Trademarks, for being actively involved in the area of agriculture and branding, for being actively involved also in the area of intellectual property and sports, and, of course, for continuing and very active involvement in the promotion of an international protection for traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expressions, and intellectual property associated with genetic resources. We also have, besides our normative agenda, which, as I said, is a long process where the progress is incremental and gradual, but nevertheless slowly coming in some of the areas that I mentioned. We also have, as you know, a number of platforms that facilitate cooperation between the various IP offices in the world and an extensive program on capacity-building. So thank you for your active interest in all of these services and programs of the organization. Thank you for your support for the organization. We are there to serve you as best we can, even if we are very conscious that our contribution is a modest one. We rely on countries like the Caribbean countries for their support for multilateralism. I wish you very interesting and rich deliberations and many good decisions coming out of your meeting. Thank you. Attitude, Mr. Mattis, to the Director General of Waipo. I wish to now invite Mr. Mario Mattis, the Deputy Director General Development Sector of Waipo to deliver some brief remarks. Good morning. Thank you everybody for being here. Mr. Prime Minister, Ministers, Senators, Ambassadors, Dear Friends, I want to have a few minutes. That's why I am jumping ahead. Waipo, my boss, the Director General, has already mentioned many things. Our job in this context is to use, to facilitate the development of members, members of Waipo, to develop themselves through IP. That's our job. And we devote around 20% of our budget precisely to technical assistance. The main problem is that it's difficult to prove that IP, Internet of Property, helps development. We have a lack of data. Basically we measure it through applications. There are clear correlations, but not necessarily causation. So it's difficult to convince you, the champions or the political leaders in your own countries, to use IP. What I can prove you is that there is no single developed country without being a big user of IP. So that's the connection. The other alternative is to look at countries that at some point in their life, in their history, they have been developing countries and became developed countries. Singapore, Korea, New Zealand, Israel, Finland, Norway to some extent. Those countries, 30 years ago they were in the G77 in the context of the U.N. system and now they are developed. So those are examples that the IP is connected with development. The problem is that we have a number of, I would say, myths around IP. For instance, one very common is that IP is for the developed world, not for the developing countries. But it's not true. Yesterday we were talking about there are some elements of the current rules of IP which are very useful for development. For instance, we mentioned Jamaica. 40 years ago or so more, when they developed the reggae music, they didn't have in place copyright protection. And nowadays, most of the money that reggae music is produced doesn't go to Jamaica, stay in the U.S. or Europe. They didn't have in place a proper system on copyrights. Tags or trademarks, every country which is in the trade, they have names, tags for the products. If those products are not protected, somebody else will profit from them. Designs is the same. Look at this community, the capacity to create new forms, new designs. If those designs are not protected, somebody else will use them. So, current rules are useful. Patent is much more complicated because you need a minimal level of engineering. Okay, but that's our job, to help you to develop that through training. As a matter of fact, last year we had over 70,000 people trained through internet, through digital learning courses on the basic, from the basic IP up to very sophisticated training for examiners on patents and so on. So, this is part of our job. We still have some, I would say, myth or one area which is to some extent it's a friction. One is medicine. People tend to say that the medicines are very expensive because of IP. We were discussing a couple of minutes ago before this meeting. That's not true. The figures for medicine is that you need to create a new medicine around 10 to 15 years. And the protection is 20 years. So, in the best case scenario, the protection is 5 years. In the case of Cuba, we were discussing that the protection usually is only 2 years because I will not enter into specifics. And the cost of a new medicine is around $2 billion. So, they have to recuperate that money in 2, 3, 4, 5 years. But still, there is a perception that the medicine's price is due to IP. Again, I was telling them 95% of the current medicine in the pharmacies around the world, 95% is out of patent. It's not protected. So, what's the point? What's the connection with IP? No. It's marketing. It's a good promotion, trademarks, brands, but IP very little. Anyhow, the current situation in terms of the world IP Francis already mentioned we have, and this is growing every single year, 3.2 million of patents around 7 million of, in the case of patent 1.3 million are coming from China. 600,000 US. So, the US is already half of China. And in China, it's a developing country. In trademarks, 7 million around the world designs 1 million around the world. So, the current rules are useful for you. Please use it. But think about the future. Nobody knows who will be the leaders in the 20, 30 years of time. We may guess, but we don't know. But it's an educated guess to say that in the coming future, some of the current trend will be present and more intensified, more dense in 20 years time. And all of them are highly connected with IP. For instance, global value chain. Each of you would like to be a part of the global value chain to produce this part of the microphone. So, you have to have at least two things. One, proper rules for investment, to protect investor and investment, and proper rules to protect IP. Otherwise, the investor will not come to produce this part in this country because of the lack of protection of IP. So, global value chain is part of the future. It will be increased, will be intensified, and is connected with IP. 3G printing. Now, five years, ten years ago the price of a printer was 18,000 dollars. Now, it's 400 around the world and probably going down and down and down. So, in the coming future, almost everybody will be able to have it at home. A printer, a 3D printer. And then, we will be able to print our stuff. And if we would like to use that creation, that design for our own benefit, I will, the layman will ask for protection. As a matter of fact, a year ago in Geneva, there was a kid of 13 years old that at home he designed an skateboard. And he has a printer, he printed it. And he started to sell the design for his friends, colleagues at school, the skateboard for five francs, five dollars. That will be the common situation in five, ten years time. And those people will be asked for protection. And if they are not protected, somebody else will profit from that. So, artificial intelligence is a huge issue. I will not enter into nanotechnology. So, the future is IP. And the point is, those countries that are not accepting the reality of IP, they are shooting their own feet. So, that's the future. It's IP. And we can help you on that. Francis already mentioned that we provide, we have treaties to facilitate the use of IP. We provide services that facilitate your use. Actually, we are going to distribute the table with the our, what is your situation, the Caribbean situation, the treaties and the services that we provide. Those are for you, not for us. We are an international organization. Our job is to help you. So, all this is thought to help your development. And with this and I will make a call for you. You are the minister, prime minister. So, we need political champions at home. Without your political push with your political support, IP will not be part of your future. So, thank you very much. I hope you will enjoy this meeting. Thank you. Thank you very much, Mr. Mattis. I think in all the contributions that we have heard today the one theme that has been underscored is the importance of intellectual property and how it underpins, particularly areas of trade for this region. And so, it is something that we have to continue to put at the front burner. And I think with the presence of the prime minister and the high delegation, you can see that St. Lucia has put it at the front burner and we will continue to champion the cause of intellectual property rights. So, this ends the formal, I shouldn't say formal, that's incorrect. I think you go into a more formal session. This ends the opening ceremony and I would like now to extend some thanks first and foremost to the honorable prime minister Alan Shastney for taking time to be with us this morning. He also was socializing with us last night at Government House. So, that shows, of course he is very committed to this process and we want to thank him for being here. I want to also thank the honorable minister Humangale Francis for his presence and his delivery today, his commitment to the process. The honorable attorney general who has been with us over the last three days, three days I think. I want to also thank Mr. Mathias for his commitment and support and we would like you to extend on behalf of St. Lucia and I'm sure the region our thanks for the continued support from WIPO. We hope that the collaboration will only grow as the years go on. I want to also say thank you to members of the diplomatic corps for taking time to be here with us today. The delegates who are here the work is almost done or should I say the work has just started let me rephrase that the conference may be over but the work has just started and by your commitment over the last three days I am convinced that this process is going to move forward. I want to also say a special thank you to the WIPO planning committee and especially members of the external affairs protocol unit, the police the emergency services everybody who has provided tremendous support to chambers in ensuring that we've gotten to this process today. I want to say special thank you to all of you. I would like now to invite members to join us for refreshments. Our protocol officers will take our invited guests over to the room for refreshments. Delegates I think you also have refreshments, am I correct? At this time, yes and Prime Minister you are staying with us for a few minutes. Yes if you could just stay here for a few minutes. Thank you ladies and gentlemen.


Rwy'n gweld, mae'r gweithdoedd yn cyd-fasg yng Nghymru, ac mae'r gwaith er mwyn o'r cyd-fasg o'r cyd-fasg o'r cyd-fasg a'r ddweud yn gweithio. Fyddon ni'n arsgrifiad hwnnw i'n gweithio hwn, mae'r gwaith hwnnw i'n gweithio hwnnw, o'r ddaraf i'r cyfeydd yn hynny'n gweithio'r cyllid cymryd. Felly mae'r cyflwyr yn cyflwytaethau cyllid cyffredinol, mae'n bwysig o'r cyfeidliadau yma, ac mae'r cyfeidliadau yn dda i'r cyflwyr. Felly... Cyfeidliadau cyfyrd. Mae'r cyfeidliadau cyfeidliadau cyfyrd, y bwysig, dweud i'n ymd即 o'r hwnt y proiect, dan rhai'r rhaid i fynd i gael'r oedd, rhai'r dweud i'r holl hwyl, dweud o dweud eich holleywyr, wedi'i roi'r holleywyr, o'r adeilad, o dweud i'r holleywyr, a i'r debyg, a ysbryd o'n dweud i'r holleywyr o'r ymddi, o'r colleywyr, o'r chdefnwyr, o drafod i'r holleywyr,building stage on small projects and, for example, any previous steps, the requirements analysis will save you a lot of time in the design stage and will save you time in the test, design, and development and if you develop it and test as you go along you will have a very small debugging stage I once got told in a previous job that 80% of the job was debugging and I kind of career suicided by saying, well you didn't design it very well did you? Iterive project, now this is what I tend to do. Basically the same as waterfall except you get on components within your project. So you go round the loop more than once over the period of the project. We're currently actually doing this on a project I'm doing for my employer. Where we are putting DRM in a video product and there is eventually hardware decryption at the bottom but there are several software layers so I implemented the decryption in software at the top and then once we got the APIs between that and the middleware I then re-implemented the decryption in the middleware to prove the API worked and then once we got that to the lower level I re-implemented it in software in the low level and now we're ready to do the hardware implementation. And then the buzzword of the day agile. It's basically iterative over very small periods of time. 14 days.  You go over it. You do all the steps very quickly. At the end of the 14 days you have maybe just a class or an object or a small part of a piece of hardware. Very dynamic. They're called sprints because they are short, fast periods. Unlike the previous two which tend to have more project manager influence, this tends to be done more by the developers who kind of stand up in a huddle and work out what they're going to do at the next sprint. You can't get past planning without talking about a gant chart which is basically how to work out your paralysation of jobs.  So when you want to do that earlier and work on other things while it's being produced. So basically this just allows you to graphically put down all your tasks and work out the best way of doing them and figure out whether you've got any critical paths. Right. I have these design rules mainly because I can't keep a lot in my head. I need to take things simply and just ploddle on. I'm more the tortoise than the hare. So I always make sure I keep everything simple. It might be lots of simple things connected together to make something complicated but I keep it simple. I don't reinvent the wheel if somebody's done it before. If it's good enough, it's good enough for me. Attainable goals.  Plang ahead, which is where the gant chart may come in. Follow standards. It helps you when you can borrow other people's test software on test rigs or whatever. Again, back to the current work I'm doing is it's a W3 standard at the top. So the first thing I did was sat down and wrote a piece of test code that followed the standard and then I could find out where everything broke before I wrote the code. Modularize. Small pieces are easier to develop than big pieces. Keep your number of variables and changing down to a minimum and I test as I go along. Basically, when I commit a piece of code or a design it at least compiles clean and generally works. It might not work 100%, but it generally works. So test-driven development. So there's a couple of ways you can develop and test as you go along. One of which is test-driven development. You look at your requirements. You then design your test to test the requirements. You develop those tests and then as you develop the code you run the code against tests. That proves that you're fulfilling your own requirements. Every time you get some new requirements, repeat. Another one is unit testing. For a module you write a set of tests that test that module as a black box. You might need to mock some functionality. Basically dummy code. API isn't just go, yeah, I worked without actually doing anything. And again, test as you go along. So what was, what did I base this around? I have toy trains. That's a very small one. The technology for these things has been around 100 years. They are basically 12 volts into a wire-around variable resistor that connects to the track. It picks up the current from the track that drives the motor. Chains the voltage, the train goes faster, slower. Chains the polarity, it goes backwards or forwards. Very simple. But longer track, you lose. Voltage is dirty track resistance. A factor resistance at slow speeds that you're basically the losses as a percentage of the voltage are a lot higher. So you end up with stuttering and bad behavior. Only one at once you put two on. They'll both go the same way and the same way and whatever. And if you've got signals and points and all the other stuff, everything needs its own wiring. So, step one, people start doing, look, just use PWM. It works for all sorts of other things. Keep the voltage up. Pulse output drives the trains that way. So, same layout, just a different controller. Voltage loss is lower because you're running at typically about 15 volts PWM. Dirty track problem, not so bad. Again, slow speed behavior works. Problem, still both trains go that way. Both trains go that way. And still need all your own wiring. So, about 30 years ago when technology started becoming attainable to the common person, various people came up with tried ways of using a digital control system. One has come out as a standard. It's called digital cab control. It is a standard. You can go on to the NRMA, which is, again, it's American being national, but it's actually a standard across the world. And there's whole documents that describe this. Basically, your track is a two-wire bus. And everything has an address on it. And it has a decoder. And these things. So, if we go back to this, that little blue thing in there, which is about the size of my fingernail, that connects between the wheels and the motor. And it has an address and you can program it up and you can set things like acceleration and deceleration and all of these things. So, simple wiring, you've just got two wires. Multiple trains, no problem. They've got their own address. Always full voltage because it's not the voltage from the track going to the motor. Signals and lights and everything else, you just have different decoders that control them that you wire up to the track. And you can add things like modern ones. They have small speakers in and sound start and pause and all the stuff and lighting and everything like that. Disadvantage is, well, the decoders aren't too bad. That's 15 quid, but you're looking at several hundred pounds for a controller. Because it seems that model rail people are scared of computers, they're all basically computers that look nothing like computers. So, this is the protocol straight out of the standard. It's just bits encoded on the track. And it's a packet format. So once I looked at this, I thought, oh, I want to make a controller to do this. It can't be too hard. Transitions of two equal voltages. These are determined by the length of the pulse. And the reason for that is a marvellous hack. These systems can drive one train locomotive that doesn't have a decoder. Because if you play with the bit length, you can do PWM on it. And that's why it flips between the positive rail and the negative rail and not just ground and positive. So you can actually reverse the average voltage over the track. Some motors don't like it. Some get quite hot. And it is very hacky, but whoever came up with the idea, I would, I just think it's genius. So design considerations. What were my decisions? I'm only going to do a controller. My hardware expertise is not good enough to replicate that little thing. Also, many more of these get sold as do the controllers, because every locomotive has to have one of those in it, which means they're quite cheap. Also, it's quite an accurate dependent time signal. So I decided I'm just going to go for a small microcontroller to generate the bits train stream. The other problem I've got is I need to drive relatively high current at a relatively high voltage, so we need to boost it. And it's the old... Let's go for a standard off-the-shelf solution, H-bridge. For those who don't know what an H-bridge is, basically you've got four switches in the motor, and dependent on which direction, which switches are closed, you can change the current through the motor.  Somebody's already done chip for doing these. This one will either drive a big stepper motor or two regular motors. And it's about three quid. But again, I'm lazy and I don't reinvent the wheel. eBay has one of those for a fiver. He uses the same chip. Even has a five-volt regulator in it to take your power voltage down to the five volts to drive the logic side. So that's my hardware. How do you develop it? Just type it in VIM. Duke and CCC on the command line. I very much prefer an IDE. Again, I'm lazy. I don't want to have to do all work. Visual Studio is quite good for software development. It's very good. I think it's Microsoft's best piece of software. I'm using an AVR. So why not just use the Arduino IDE? I tend to program CC++ at the lower level rather than through the IDE API. So the Arduino API. So I went for Eclipse. PCB design. Haven't actually got a PCB yet. I guess go for Eagle CAD. It's available. It's open source. And all the PCB manufacturers accept the file. So source control. Can't manage a project without source control. Properly manage source control, actually, because I was cursing our customer who decided in their wisdom to save some disk space. Hard drives aren't expensive. They'd wipe out a load of old versions of the source of the thing we're working on, which meant that when I found a bug and wanted to know what commit I'd put in that created that bug, I couldn't because I couldn't rewind back to the previous code. Stick everything in it. If it's a remote server, have it backed up, and you know everything's safe. Debuggers. If you're using GCC, go for GDB. You can either, for something like a pie, you can debug on the machine or GDB server, which allows you to do it remotely. You can use a nice JTAG or something like that to do it remotely. Tools that make your development easy make it quicker, make it less buggy. It might be... Ooh, cool. I can do all this on a VT220 on an 80-column screen on a command line. But actually, if I've got a nice UI and I point and click and everything like that, and it does it all for me, and I know it's going to work, great. Asyloscopes, logic analyzers, digital voltmeters are not just hardware debugging tools. About 10 years ago, I was debugging a sound driver because we were ending up with two channels flipped on SPDIF coming out of a product. I just stuck a scope on it and realised that their firmware had a bugging it, and it was putting the channel bit on the wrong packet. The code looked perfectly fine. There was something in the firmware inside the chip and you would not have spotted that had you not scoped it. Nobody was able to sort of scoping it. That was the first thing I did. I think all software engineers who work at a lower level need to know how to debug hardware at a basic level. Why do I like Eclipse? Many languages. Syntax checking as you type. Again, speed things up. I don't have to compile it and then see bugs. Other people's code. I want to find out what it's going. I can just follow functions around. Completing and linking including cross-compiles. Debugging. I've got a set up that actually allows me to write my code on my Mac, compile it for my Pi, download it onto my Pi, run it on my Pi and debug it on my Pi without actually ever touching my Pi. Code management, as I said, is you got support in there. You can actually see what you've changed. And for this I basically write the code for the AVR. I hit the button, it builds it and it squirts it straight onto the flash on my AVR. So what did I do first? I didn't build a DCC controller first. I built a PWN controller first. Because it's an easier project. I learnt some stuff as I went along. Hardware requirements are basically the same. Changes are just software. So, plank of attack. Again, split everything down into achievable units. Easy to test. I create a little serial console not reinventing the wheel. I stole the idea of using a per-serial console from a bus pirate. Couldn't remember the game for having it. You can just hang it straight off of any old laptop, pull up a serial port and you can rung it at that level. Once you've got that going I wrote some PWN generation codes. You make sure that that looks fine with the scope. Connect to the HPR if you're going make sure it looks fine with the scope. Finally, connect to track and test. Why serial? Lowest common denominator interface. Everything's got it. Simple to use. Humans can use it too if you do it right. Testable in isolation. When I said it was simple, it's simple. Remote debugging. It's an AVR to GDB server. You're not going to have it running because it's not running Linux. So, in this case it's just print F. Other things I tend to do remote debugging either with a JTAG which you can debug the processor directly or over TCP IP. Some languages, as you see scopes and we've got wires and your scope are going. So, DCC this is still a work in progress and you've got anything going on this yet. So, basically add a few extra commands to my serial console. Test, test as I go along. Code packets. We can check that without actually seeing the encoded bitstream. Then we stick the bitstream encoding in. Again, test. Stick the whole lot together. Test it before you connect to the other hardware and then finally connect it all up and see if anything actually moves. The unfortunate problem with those things is there's no return path. So, on either your things get a burst into life or nothing will happen and you can't tell why it doesn't happen without just looking at what's on the wire or in this case the track and that was basically where I've got to. Any questions? APPLAUSE