Welcome to A Typical Animal Cell. In this video, you'll explore parts of an animal cell and the function of organelles. The cell is the basis for all life. It's the fundamental building block for all known living organisms. Unlike plant cells, animal cells lack a cell wall, so they come in a variety of shapes and sizes. All animal cells have three main parts, the plasma or cell membrane, the cytoplasm, which contains the organelles, and the nucleus. The plasma membrane encloses the cell. It's made from a bilayer of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins, and it acts as a semipermeable barrier. It creates the cell's internal and external environments. The cytoplasm holds all of the organelles, which are specialized subunits within a cell. There are a number of different organelles, and each one performs a specific task. Let's start with the Golgi apparatus, also called the Golgi complex or Golgi body. This is a stack of smooth, membrane sacs and associated vesicles close to the nucleus. It packages, modifies, and segregates proteins for secretion from the cell, for inclusion in lysosomes, and for incorporation into the plasma membrane. Lysosomes are membranous sacs that contain acid hydrolases that break down different types of biomolecules. This is where intracellular digestion takes place. Lysosomes help with other cell processes, including secretion and the repair of plasma membranes. Mitochondria are rod-like, double-membrane structures. This inner membrane is folded into projections called Christe. This is the site of ATP synthesis, and is the powerhouse of the cell. They help with other tasks, like signaling, differentiation, and cell death. The number of mitochondria in a cell varies depending on the cell type. Red blood cells have no mitochondria, and liver cells can have more than 2,000. Paroxysomes are membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes. The enzymes detoxify a number of toxic substances. The most important enzyme, catalase, breaks down hydrogen peroxide. Ribosomes are dense particles that consist of two subunits, each of which is composed of ribosomal RNA and protein. They may be free or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. This is where protein synthesis takes place. The rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane system encloses a cavity, the cisterna, and coils through the cytoplasm. It's externally studded with ribosomes. Sugar groups are attached to proteins within the cisternae. These proteins are bound in vesicles for transport to the Golgi apparatus and other sites. The external face synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is a membranous system of sacs and tubules that plays a part in several metabolic processes. It's free of ribosomes and synthesizes steroids, metabolizes lipids, and detoxifies drugs. In addition to organelles, the cytoplasm also contains other cellular structures. These cytoplasm are paired cylindrical bodies. Each one is composed of nine triplets of microtubules. They organize a microtubule network during mitosis to form the spindle, asters, and basis of cilia and flagella. Intermediate filaments are protein fibers whose composition varies. These stable cytoskeletal elements resist mechanical forces acting on the cell. These filaments are fine filaments of the contractile protein actin. They're involved in muscle contraction and other types of intracellular movement. They help form the cell's cytoskeleton, cilia, and if it's present, the flagella. Microtubules are cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins. They support the cell and give it shape. They're involved in intracellular and cellular movements and form centrioles. Finally, every cell contains a nucleus. It's distinctly different from the plasma membrane and the organelles. The nucleus is the largest organelle. It's surrounded by the nuclear envelope and contains the nucleoplasm, nucleoli, and the chromatin, or DNA. It acts as the control center of the cell and is responsible for the instructions for protein synthesis and for transmitting DNA to the daughter cells. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane structure that is pierced by the pores. The outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. The nucleolus is a small, dense body within the nucleus. It's composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins, and it's the site of ribosome subunit manufacture. Nucleoli also assemble signal recognition particles and play a role in the cell's response to stress. Chromatin is a granular, thread-like material composed of DNA and histone proteins. Chromatin packages DNA into a smaller volume to fit into the cell, and it controls gene expression and DNA replication. Histones, part of the chromatin, compacts the DNA for transport. Today, we've reviewed the parts of the animal cell and the function of organelles. You've completed a typical animal cell.


Hi, I'm Rusty Komori, and this is Beyond the Lines on Think Tech, Hawaii. I was the head coach of the Punahou School Boys Varsity Tennis Team for 22 years, and we were fortunate to win 22 consecutive state championships. This show is based on my books, Beyond the Lines and Beyond the Game, and it's about inspiration, character, mindset, and building a superior culture of excellence. My special guest today is an actor and singer who performed on American Idol. She is Lyric Maderos, and today we are going Beyond Music. Hey, Lyric, welcome to Beyond the Lines. Uncle Rusty, thank you so much for having me. Lyric, I know your family very well. Your parents, Glenn and Tammy, are extraordinary people. You have your brother, Cord. I want to ask you about your family. But what types of values and disciplines did your parents instill with you and Cord? Absolutely. My parents have definitely emphasized, I think, above all, appreciation, being appreciative for the things we have in life, for the things we've been blessed with, and also giving back. Service has been a huge part of my life. My dad and my mom would both wake up. My brother and I at around 5 a.m., almost every Saturday morning, to feed the homeless at the feel any park, and when I was little, I really didn't appreciate it. I was like, why are you waking me up so early? But definitely older, now 22 years old, I realized the significance behind that and what my parents were really trying to do. And that was teaching me appreciation and giving back. Well, Lyric, you attended Punahou School. You graduated from Punahou School. You were there on a full merit scholarship. You received the President's and Principles Award. Tell me about the type of impact that Punahou School had on you that helped to shape you. Absolutely. I'm forever grateful for Punahou for so many different reasons. One, I did receive a full merit scholarship, a Portuguese scholarship for one year, and that was only for my senior year of high school. The other three years, I was there paying, but I was definitely grateful to get that scholarship for my senior year, and that was an academic scholarship. So I received that due to my grades. Punahou has helped me in so many ways. I truly believe that you don't realize the significance of Punahou until you leave the school, and it's so true. Everyone, even on the mainland, knows what Punahou is, knows the connections it allows you to have, the prestige that it has, and the values that it teaches you and so. It's pretty cool to say that you went to a school that a former President of the United States went to as well. Yeah, that is cool. And I know Punahou School for many, many years. And Lyric, then you went on to Notre Dame. You were on the Dean's List, and you graduated Notre Dame in three years. How did you do that? Yes, it was difficult. Honestly, with COVID happening, I did end up not continuing my freshman year, the rest of my freshman year, because we were sent home during spring break. And so I was doing online classes at home. I was waking up for classes at 3 a.m. in the morning on Zoom because of the time difference here in Hawai'i in comparison to Indiana. But COVID allowed me to take extra courses at Notre Dame, and then also some summer courses, too, which allowed me to fulfill my graduation requirements to graduate with a double major in English and film television and theater and a minor in journalism in three years. And so I'm really grateful that Notre Dame and all of the faculty there that helped me to achieve that. So while you were at Notre Dame, what were some of the best parts of being there on campus? The community, by far. You'll hear this from every single Notre Dame alumni and graduate that Notre Dame's main theme, main value, one thing that they're known for really other than the football team, is the community aspect.  I worked in the admissions team when I was at Notre Dame. I was very grateful to be an intern. And one of the main things that I emphasized to prospective students is that Notre Dame may be far from home. It may be in a place that's different, and college is about new experiences and being in somewhere new that you're not comfortable with. But Notre Dame creates a community that makes you feel comfortable immediately. And I think, in part, it has to do with the faith aspect, the social aspect, and also this great pride that every single one of the students and alumni at Notre Dame can speak to. So Lyric, after graduating Notre Dame, you are now at the University of Hawaii Law School. Yes. Tell me what interests you about law and what specific type of law might you be pursuing? Sure, the funny thing is that I actually wanted to go to med school. I entered Notre Dame as a biology major thinking that I wanted to go to med school. I love helping people. I'm very passionate about helping others. And so I wanted to go to med school.  I cannot handle it. And so I was like, time to switch majors. And so in the middle of my freshman year, I switched to English because I love reading and writing. And I was really encouraged to pursue law because a lot of law school is reading and writing. And it also provides me with a way to help others in using those strengths and that love for reading and writing. And so that's how I found law school. And essentially, I decided to come home and go to University of Hawaii Law School because I've been told that Hawaii has a great community here around the law school in terms of the legal community connecting with the law school and a lot of those graduates working directly for Hawaii firms right after school. And so it was the perfect way to go to a school that was going to allow me to give back to the Hawaii community through law. Are you thinking more on the prosecuting side, defense side, or what are you kind of leaning towards right now? I'm not too sure just yet. Because of my love for music and acting, I've been told, maybe entertainment law would be great for you. But I really am passionate about litigation. I love public speaking. And so this summer, I'll be at the prosecutor's office working as an intern. And I'm excited to see how that goes. Get into the courtroom more often and just observe and use the skills I used in my first year and really see them in action. Well, that sounds good to me, Lyric, and Lyric, I want to ask you about your dad, Glenn Maderos. Everybody knows he's a famous 80s pop star. I mean, huge hit songs. Nothing's going to change my love for you. She ain't worth it with Bobby Brown. He sold millions of albums. He's traveled to over 30 countries performing. Looking back at his career, what are some things that really stood out that you admire about his time being an 80s pop star? Sure, there's a lot of things that I definitely admire my dad for. I think above all, though, I think it's his determination to want to help others. He had this amazing lifestyle of going to events and singing and performing at some of the largest venues in the world and traveling the world and meeting people like Prince and all of these great stars. And yet all he wanted to do during that time was give back to others and to really get into education. And the fact that after his time in the spotlight, he decided to get a doctorate degree. And now he wants to give back through education. It's just really so touching to see. And you know, I actually have a TikTok page right now. And I started it when I was at Notre Dame in my last year. And what I do on there is I create a family page, whether it's updates on my family, the Madaris family, or I do highlight my dad a lot. I show videos of him when he was younger. His famous hit, Nothing's Going to Change My Love for You has a video on YouTube that has over 45 million views. And so I'll show it on TikTok. And then all of his fans from Germany, from Austria, from Tahiti, from literally everywhere you can think of, Ireland, the UK, everywhere, they are commenting on there saying, oh my goodness, this is his daughter. And we now have over 408,000 people on my TikTok every day watching my family and I do the fun little acts or scenes that we do every day. And talking about my dad and just reminiscing on his time as an 80s teenage pop star, but also remembering where he is today and what he's doing for the Hawaii community at St. Louis School. Well, Lyric, I mean, your dad is a man of great character. He's an exceptional leader, president of St. Louis School. I know him very well. I wanna ask you, when you're performing, well, you've performed songs with him and I've seen some of the videos that you had put together on TikTok and it is absolutely priceless watching you and him perform together. Now, what specific advice has he given to you about singing or how has he really specifically helped you with performing? Absolutely, my dad has taught me a lot of great things when it comes to singing, but I think above all, he's definitely taught me how to use your gift to help others. And for me, I love singing, I love acting, I love learning and my dad has always encouraged me to use those gifts and those strengths to help others. And so singing is a very special thing because you're able to touch others, you're able to make them feel a certain way, whether that's happy or sad and doing it that I'm able to touch the hearts of others and singing is something that I love because of that reason. And so I'm so grateful that I've been able to do that not only here in Hawaii, but also on a national level too when I was fortunate enough to go on American Idol and to sing in front of the country, which was crazy. Well, we're gonna get to that in a little bit. I wanna ask you about your dad performing at the Hale Koa hotels right now and you performing at the Hale Koa hotel, tell me about that. Yes, I get so excited to talk about this because it's truly as a gift that I'm able to perform where I grew up watching my dad perform on stage. My dad has been at the Hale Koa for I believe almost 14 years now, if not more than 14 years. And I grew up watching him hosting the Luau show, singing, nothing's gonna change my love for you there. And to be able to switch positions with him and to be on stage every Tuesday where I perform weekly at the Hale Koa Luau show as the host, the position that I watched up that I grew up watching him play is surreal. I'm so thankful. I'm so grateful every time I get on that stage at the end of the night, I thank my dad for giving me that opportunity and allowing me to fill his shoes quite literally. I mean, it's absolutely wonderful what you guys are doing there. And Lyric, when you're performing at the Hale Koa Luau, what's the best part and what's the most challenging part of performing? Absolutely, the best part about performing I think is seeing the reaction that the people in the audience have, seeing the joy that it brings them when you sing a Moana song. I sing how far I'll go at the Luau show and what I do is I go down into the crowd and I sing with the children in the audience and I see if any of the young Kiki know the song and sure enough, they know every single Lyric and so I hand the mic over to them, we sing it together and seeing the joy that it brings to the child but also to the parents and the family watching the child sing, recording them sing at the Luau show here in Hawaii where they vacation is truly so special. I think the challenging part would probably have to be getting off the stage probably. I love performing so much. It's so tough for me to say goodbye to that moment because when you truly are in your happy place and doing what you love, it's always tough to step back and then go back into reality if that makes sense and so I would probably have to say the most challenging part is removing myself from that performing position because I love it so much.  I mean, even when you were at Punahou, didn't you perform in the theater a bunch? Yes, I did a bunch of theater when I was at Punahou. I also, right before I went away to college, I was a principal role on Hawaii Five-O and so I was able to act on Hawaii Five-O. I recently just booked a voiceover project that came here from LA and so I recorded in the studio for that. It's called The Elvis Project and I'm very grateful for those opportunities and we're gonna keep working until we achieve our dreams of one day, hopefully becoming a full-time actress. But in the meantime, love law school. It's been great learning. It has been a challenge nonetheless, but I love learning and so we're gonna keep going. And Lyric, I watched your acting on Hawaii Five-O. It was on season nine, right? Yes, that's correct. Yeah, no, you were great and Lyric, I wanna ask you now about American Idol. Can you tell me about why you entered American Idol and take us through your journey up until performing on that first day, that first performance? Absolutely, American Idol was a surreal experience. It is one that I'm forever grateful for for the rest of my life and I will continue to be. It was an experience of a lifetime. How it happened was a producer of American Idol reached out to me on Instagram saying we are looking for new contestants for American Idol season 21. And if you're interested, please let me know. I auditioned with that producer and then I passed that round, went on to two more auditions with executive producers. And then after that third Zoom audition, they told me that I would be invited to perform in front of the judges, which were Katy Perry, Lionel, Richie, and then Luke Bryan. And so they flew me and my mom out to Nashville. That was one of the audition cities. And when I tell you I was going off in two hours of sleep, I truly was. I had to fly on a weekend, right before my midterms for law school to Nashville. That was about a 10 hour trip. And I also had a cold that week. And so I didn't have a voice. I was really nervous. It was kind of a hectic time, to be honest. But as soon as I got to Nashville, I was told to get ready to come back, to do interviews, to do social media things, and then to audition in front of the judges. And when I tell you it happened so fast, it truly did. Before I knew it, once we landed at the airport, in the next three hours, I was in front of Katy Perry, Lionel, Richie, and Luke Bryan. And that was just, it was crazy. It was an experience of a lifetime, but definitely one that I will remember forever and that I will always be grateful for. Well, I watched it and it was really fun to see how animated Katy Perry and Luke Bryan got. And when Katy came up to you and said, give me another song and give me more. And how did that make you feel? Because you were on it. I mean, you started that next song with Carrie Underwood's Before He Cheats. Tell me about what you were feeling at that moment. Sure, the crazy thing is, is that that was my main fear. Auditioning for American Idol, I used to watch it growing up as a young girl and I knew that they would always ask the contestants for another song, give us another song, do something a little different, do something with this kind of style to it. And that's what I was hoping wouldn't happen to me. But in the back of my mind, I knew that that was gonna happen. And so I was like, okay, if they say we don't want this song, this song, this song, what's your backup song? And so honestly, Before He Cheats was not any of my backup songs, it was the first thing that came to mind when they asked for something a little bit more gritty and more, I don't know a way to describe it other than gritty, but so I went with that song and it went in my favor. Luckily, I did receive a no from Luke Bryan. He told me I was too pretty for an ugly business. And so I did receive a no, but then Katy Perry was ultimately the deciding factor and she decided to give me a chance, which I'm super grateful for. And then we went on to Hollywood Week about two months later. So tell me more about Hollywood Week now and tell me about some of the lessons you learned. How did that experience help you grow? Yes, what a lot of people don't know is that Hollywood Week actually takes place about four to five months before the actual season comes out and it's a series of rounds. And so Hollywood Week isn't just one show, it's typically three shows because there's three different rounds.  And so Hollywood Week is really just a bunch of challenges that you have to pass in order to make it to that top 21 group that eventually comes to Alani and Hawaii. One of the things that I learned is that despite me not making it very far in the Hollywood Week round, you really have to stay true to yourself.  And I think for me, it was definitely new being in an environment where I was encouraged to be a little bit more hard around the edges and stray from maybe what seemed like the perfect or the nice girl kind of view I may have given off in the beginning and that they wanted me to break out of. I know that in my heart, I really stayed true to myself in that Hollywood Week performance and showing them that I can sing and that I have this range but also staying true to the person I am and that someone who's sweet and very giving and wants to give back and won't stray from that. Well, you were absolutely incredible and you represented Hawaii very well. And I wanna ask you because you know about the behind the scenes. Let's talk about Ian Tonghi. Did you get to meet him and why do you think he really ended up winning and just succeeding and winning over the hearts of America? Absolutely, I was so grateful to be able to meet him. It's so funny when I was on my way from the airport LA to the concert hall that we were performing at Ian Tonghi was in the same bus as me and he was talking to someone saying how he's from Hawaii and I turn around and I go, I'm from Hawaii too. And he's like, no way. And we just started talking from there and I am so proud of him. I'm so happy for him. Congratulations to Ian Tonghi. That's huge to be able to win American Idol, to be able to represent Hawaii so well and to touch the hearts of so many on a national level is just amazing. And so I'm so happy for him and I'm just so proud of him really. And to be able to say that I got to meet him, I'm just so grateful. And so I couldn't be happier. Way to make Hawaii proud. How awesome. Well, I was watching the finals along with everybody in Hawaii and crying multiple times watching it. It's amazing how his songs, I mean, just really touches people, I mean, emotionally. And Lyric, I wanna ask you, you sang the national anthem for the NBA Clippers and Raptors game. How nerve-wracking is it when you're standing in the middle of the entire arena singing the national anthem? So nerve-wracking. I saw Blake Griffin walk past me literally before I started singing. I was like, oh my goodness, this is crazy. And I think the hardest part about singing the national anthem is that you have to find the note on your own. And so you have to come in with the starting note on your own. And so I was just playing the note in my head.  But of course it's very surprising when you see all of these super tall and famous basketball players in front of you. And I'm like, Lyric, focus on the note so you can get it right. Well, I can only imagine because even just to remember the words, let alone in front of thousands of people there. And Lyric, I wanna ask you about my books. You have both of my books. What are some things that stood out to you in it? Absolutely. I think the messages in Beyond the Lines, both of your books have great messages. I really, really enjoyed and I'm really thankful to have been able to read your book and for you giving them to us. So thank you so much. It really offers a great perspective on what it means to be a leader and what it means to achieve and sustain success because we all know that there's a lot of different ways to do that and achieving success is not always easy. It's a bumpy road to get there sometimes but everyone goes through it and there are different ways to achieve that success, different ways to look at that success in terms of mindset. And so I really enjoyed reading your book and hearing those themes all throughout it and then comparing them to my own views and then seeing the best way to move forward. I think it's always helpful to have a different perspective on things so that you can create your own. And so I'm really grateful that I was able to read your books and to take away those messages that you wrote in there. It's very beautiful. Well, thanks Lyric and your dad. I mean, in addition to being president of St. Louis School, he's also teaching a college class at Chaminade University, a doctorate level PhD class about leadership and he's using both of my books as the textbooks there. And you know in chapter one, I talk about choices and I'm trying to inspire people because a lot of people might feel stuck or they're complacent in their professional or personal lives. And I wanna let them know that they have a choice to do something different, maybe something better, maybe to pursue a passion. And then also to take calculated risks because anytime you make a choice, there's some level of risk involved. What are your thoughts about choices and risk? Absolutely. I think that was a great way to put it. And I think it was so beautifully written in your book. When it comes down to choices, I've definitely had to make a lot in terms of what was happening after Notre Dame for me. When I graduated from Notre Dame, I knew that I wanted to pursue acting, but I also wanted to continue learning because everyone knows that the entertainment business can be very competitive and oftentimes it may not be the most financially stable job to choose. And so for me coming out of graduating from Notre Dame in three years, I definitely wanted to navigate how I was going to achieve that goal of wanting to be an actress, but also providing myself with a job in the future that would lead to that financial stability that I would like to provide my family with one day. And so I had to make a choice and that was to come to law school and go to the University of Hawaii and study in a place where I'd also be able to pursue my love for acting with my TikTok account, which I've created and also doing self-tapes here at home. And then also having the support of my family like my mom coming with me to American Idol, something I would not have been able to do if I did go away from home. Now I love hearing those insights and I wanna ask you more about your young generation. What are some of the big challenging adversity issues that your generation is facing nowadays? Sure, I think with the rise of social media, it's so easy to compare yourself to what you see on a screen because a lot of times we go on Instagram, we go on TikTok when we're bored and we look at what others are doing and we think to ourselves, why am I not doing that? Why am I not traveling to Italy? Why am I not pursuing my dreams of being an actor in LA? Why am I not getting into good schools like this other person? It's so easy to compare with social media nowadays, but I think one thing that I've really tried to emphasize in my TikTok is that a lot of it is highlights of people's lives. We post what we want others to see and I think that's something to remember. A lot of people don't post about the downsides, the adversity that they face in life. They post about those highlights and so it's important to remember that when scrolling on TikTok or Instagram or any sort of social media platform and also to remember how your path is your own path. We make choices, whether it's because of family members or whether it's for ourselves as individuals and we each have our own individual path that we're forming. And so while we do compare ourselves to others, it's also great to remember where we are in ourselves and what we're doing to better ourselves and achieve our own definition of success.  In your generation, you're born into social media and I mean, there's so many stories about bullying and various pressures. Did you experience any bullying or pressures through social media yourself? Absolutely, I think I've experienced more cyber bullying now that I have a platform on TikTok with over 400,000 people being on my TikTok page in particular. I do receive quite a bit of negative comments on my page and naturally when you read those comments you do take it personally and you think, oh my goodness, that's really hurtful what someone said and wow, is that really what people think of me? And I think something important that I've learned is that you never know what these people are going through in their own lives. You never know if they're dealing with something on their own or their reason for writing that comment. And so all you really can do is spread positivity in your own way and spread positivity and encourage it on your page. And that's all I really can do on my TikTok and that's something that I try to do. I try to stay really positive with the content that I post and hope that it puts a smile on someone's face on the other end. Well, I can see that because for you, everything that you post, you're literally really trying to inspire others.  You're trying to do things in the right way to, like you said in the beginning of the show to really help others, right? Yes, thank you so much for saying that I'm flattered. But I also wanna say too, I mean, with all of the positivity that I radiate and things like that, and I try to radiate, I also have low moments too. And I also go through challenges myself and I make mistakes too. And I think that's something that I really wanna encourage is that with every mistake you learn from it. And so I've definitely made mistakes and I definitely had those moments where I felt low but I've learned from every one of them. And it's human and it's natural to feel like you don't know where you're going. You don't know what you're doing. The choices that you're making are wrong, but it's human and we're all human. And so that's something that I also try to emphasize with what I post as well. Having that real aspect but also spreading positivity and trying to radiate that. Well, Lyric, I have to say it was an absolute pleasure having you on the show today. You are so authentic, so genuine, so inspirational. I know that you are going to be a great role model for countless people. And I wanna thank you for taking time to be on the show today. Oh, thank you so much, Uncle Rusty. And you truly are a leader for so many people like myself today. And so thank you so much for writing books that truly inspire people in my generation as well. Thank you, Lyric. And thank you for watching Beyond the Lines on Think Tech Hawaii. For more information, please visit RustyKamori.com and my books are available on Amazon and Barnes & Noble. I hope that Lyric and I will inspire you to create your own superior culture of excellence and to find your greatness and help others find theirs. Aloha. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram and LinkedIn and donate to us at ThinkTechHawaii.com. Mahalo.


Welcome to day three of the main show at Drupal Khan Nashville. We forgot our clicker, one sec. We are your community elected board members in the Drupal Association. Shyamala comes from Chennai, India, where she is the founder of Unimity Solutions, a Drupal Services provider in India, where she really focuses on advancing Drupal and promoting Drupal in the community within her country. And this is Ryan, his drama. He's the CEO of Commerce Guys. Commerce Guys is an organization that prides in having contributions, such a big part of their culture. And culture has been a big topic of this conference, maybe in a way if you're a first timer that you didn't anticipate. As Dries introduced on Tuesday, the statement of values and principles that are beginning to, I guess, attempt to put into words what makes the Drupal community special, the things that we share in common. And I think what really encouraged Shyamala and I about this document was that it wasn't so much like Dries was telling us some new way to live our life, some new way to run our businesses or to integrate ourselves into the community, but really just kind of distilling down the essence of what makes the Drupal community special. So I invite you and encourage you to read the principal's document online and really consider how they might resonate with you like they do with us. For example, I guess helping others and serving others has been a part of my life since before coming into Drupal, but the context in which I did that was as a young man serving an underprivileged area in Louisville, Kentucky, trying to help people thrive and succeed in that environment. And really it took years to see impact if you ever saw it at all. And so when I got into Drupal, I kind of carried that passion for helping others and multiplying impact into a community that turned out to like span the globe and become many of my closest friends and mentors and collaborators, and I got to see that ability to prioritize people and to prioritize relationships extend into business and career in a way that I didn't anticipate. And so I think this ability to have a global human impact is what really motivated me and just resonated perfectly from Dries' statement that he put out for us. A couple of principles that really resonated with me was the choose to lead, and it's always amazing to see how this community, the Drupal community that we are go by this principle. In fact, this board meeting, we had a very unique unique meeting between all the leaders. It was a workshop, a governance workshop. We had leaders from different spectrum of the Drupal community together there and to have DDNI, the CWG, the technical working group and the diversity group, the mentoring group. All these groups of individuals and leaders were all self-organized. We as a community, I think we should take great pride that we don't just state a problem, but we actually take the initiative to lead and organize ourselves to find answers. Yes, another very important principle, I think it's 17 years of being a community and this is something we should really pride is the way that we embrace change. There may be small changes that we do incrementally and much larger that we take and the changes are in different spectrums again, be it technology where we are trying to make better editorial interfaces and the out-of-the-box initiative. Here at DrupalCon, this time we've had some really nice changes with the customer round table, getting the new stakeholders together. We had a leadership and team workshop that happened by Adam Goodman and the CWG team, the Digital Experience Tracks. We're constantly evolving to make ourselves better. Maybe some tiny steps and some large steps. And that principle even applies to the statement of values and principles themselves, so we definitely encourage you to read them, consider what resonates with you and contribute back to helping us improve them. I know that Dries would really welcome your input in that conversation. And something that Ryan and I always feel is that there is a big thank you that we must give to the Drupal Association staff. I think a big round of applause to them. They are a small team that works behind the scenes. They are a very small team. They work behind the scenes to make this large community experience multiple things, be it Drupal.org or the Drupal cons that we have.  All right, we have a few housekeeping slides to get through. So bear with us as we make these announcements. First, don't forget you can get free coffee in the exhibit hall until about 10.45 p.m. And you will also find lunch in the exhibit hall from 12 to two. So definitely stop by, grab some food, say hello to the sponsors and meet new friends. This afternoon, we invite you to return to this room for the closing session at 3.30 p.m., where we always announce things like how much coffee we drank, how much bandwidth we consumed, yeah, all that fun stuff. But we will also be announcing the winner of the Aaron Winboard Award, which is a way that our community recognizes those in our midst who prioritize giving back. And then this evening, we also have a DrupalCon tradition of trivia night on Thursday evenings, so we invite you to join us. All are welcome. And in fact, if you have never been to DrupalCon before, you will be in demand, because I hear there are bonus points awarded for being a first time attendee at the trivia night. If you have a question or just want to say something nice or encouraging or affirming during the keynote, please do so using the DC Rose hashtag on Twitter. And a big thank you to all our sponsors. I'm not sure if you guys had the same experience, but all of the sponsors really gave us presidential suites. We had black cars, limousines, really good champagne. It was just an amazing experience, yeah. And thank you to the supporting partners who've been with us and giving money in different forms and making sure that we as Drupal Association are able to make this special event happen. There was none of that, but there was bluegrass. I think there's not enough thank yous always.  Thank you to the business contributors. And finally, thank you to the Drupal Security team again. I know this was mentioned on Tuesday, but for making sure that we could have a successful security release and avoid being hacked while we all came to have a good time in Nashville. All right. Well, now we would like to welcome to the stage the CTO and co-founder of Platform.sh, my former partner Damien Tourneau. Hello again. So I'm Damien Tourneau. I'm CTO at Platform.sh, I'm Damzie on Twitter. And I typically sports a very cute French accent, but as you can hear, I'm a bit sick today. I have been a member of the Drupal community for a very long time. I was a member of the Drupal Security team from 2008 all the way to this year. Before that, I was a member of the Drupal.org infrastructure team all the way back when Drupal.org was running Drupal 5 and Drupal 6. At that time, I wrote one of the first varnish configuration files for Drupal, a work that was later integrated into Project Mercury by Josh Koenig and David Strauss, which became the technical foundation of what we call Pantheon nowadays. Around the same time, we were also one of the earliest adopters of solar for the Drupal.org project search. And of course, nowadays, you would not pick solar, you would pick elastic search, but that was not a thing, that was not a thing yet back then. Long story short, I have been designing and deploying infrastructures for a very long time. And what I learned from that is that we are doing it wrong. Modern infrastructures are messy. Sure, they are all cloudy, they are flexible, they are shiny, but they also tend to become very complicated very quickly. They break, they consume valuable time and resources from your project. And we always, always underestimate how much effort they take to run, but also to maintain and to optimize. As an industry, as a cloud industry, we are asking our clients to become experts in all the things, from networking, to kernels, distributions, packaging, service discovery, configuration management. You have to learn all the details about all the configuration files of all these tools that you want to use, but you also need to learn how to back them up, how to monitor them, how to administer them in the long run. We should really not be asking you to do all that work for your infrastructure. Actually, we think that your infrastructure should work for you. We should give you all the tools you need to deploy, to develop faster, to test with confidence and to deploy more often. We should give you the environments you need when you need them. At the same time, we should also let you in the driver's seat. We should give you flexibility and power. You get to choose what is the best tool for your job, what is the best solution for the job. You should be able to mix and match different stacks and different services just by saying that you want to. You should not have to learn all the details about the day-to-day operations of all these services. This is our vision. An application platform that does not get in your way, that combines this simplicity and this power that is inspires confidence, that puts you in the driver's seat. Of course, we are not completely there yet, but that's what we are aiming for. And we look forward to sharing more of that vision with you in the upcoming months. You can expect very big announcements from us. And in the meantime, for today, please swing by our booth. We have a lot of t-shirts to give you. And thank you. And now I'm going to yield the stage to our keynote speaker today, Emily Rose. Well, hello, everyone. How are we? Awake, hey, that's something, right? Awesome. Well, let's get started, shall we? Oh, that's a blank slide. So I know that was probably really confusing for a lot of you and maybe even a little bit uncomfortable. But the point that I wanted to make here, by the way, I'm glad we had this talk, the point that I wanted to make here is that we've already very deeply integrated technology into our lives. So with that, let's go ahead with introductions. My name is Emily Rose, known as AmoraLondra on the internet. I am a developer advocate who works at Twitch, formerly at companies like Salesforce, Particle, Sauce Labs. And I like to start my presentations with what I call Five Fun Facts for Free. And so my pronouns are plural, they, so figure that one out. And I'm an artist disguised as a developer. And lately I've been liking to think of myself as a live broadcaster slash nerdy entertainer. Case you were wondering, I am indeed transgender, genderqueer, or as they say in the Bay, hella gay. And I'm also from Portland, Oregon, which probably explains a lot, to be honest. Woo, Portland, yeah. So, and also just, speaking of, I work for Twitch. As you may suspect, I brought my stream with me. So if you're interested in seeing a little bit closer, you're welcome to tune in to the stream. Also, if you don't mind, would you be willing to say hello to my internet friends?  Very gracious, thank you for participating. Blue Lava gave you a thumbs up. He appreciated it. Oh, and Alpha Duplo says hello, and Elka, and Sir Pink. And you're all welcome to join the chat, if you like as well. And this is just an experiment. So, don't take it too seriously, don't worry about it. Just gonna have my internet friends hanging out with us. So, with that, does anyone know what I'm here to talk to you about today? Probably just in a very vague sense, right? The future is now, realizing your potential as a cyborg. And I will give you all a warning. This talk is about to get deep, like hashtag deep. It's not a technical talk, there's no code, there's no demos, I won't be offended if this doesn't interest you. But I did wanna set the expectation. This talk is primarily focused on thoughts and feelings and overall goals of our community at large. As you may realize by now, I like to start out with facts. Internet facts. Here's an internet facts. In 2013, 51% of internet traffic was non-human in nature, non-human. Show of hands real quick if you don't mind. How many of you were aware of that? Literally like one person raised their hand. So, the reason this is significant is it was the very first time that we were able to get some measure on the fact that we're not the primary drivers of traffic on the internet anymore as human beings directly. And to clarify, non-human traffic just means anything that isn't directly resulting from a person at a device initiating some interaction in that moment. And the data here is a little hazy but not terribly inaccurate and the SEO industry has a term for this or an acronym. It's called N-H-T. So if you see that, that's what they're talking about here. And fast forward a year, 61% of the internet traffic was non-human in nature. So in one year, 10% growth. So I thought, you know what? Let's do some linear extrapolation. That's always fun, right? For science's sake, keep in mind, I am not a data scientist, but I do know how to make pretty graphs in keynote and that's pretty much the same thing. So here's an extremely scientific graph for you. And what you can see very clearly is that by the end of this year, we anticipate over 101% of the total internet's traffic to be non-human in nature. It's pretty amazing, right? And that's even with the erroneous assumption that this growth will be completely linear. But we do expect exponential growth. So what would that look like? Well, I've prepared an obscenely scientific graph for you and you know, in reality, it might look nothing like this, but the truth will be even stranger than this fiction here. And you know, honestly, at some point the curve just gets so high it doesn't matter anymore, right? I think that's how that works. Anyway, like I said, I'm not a data scientist. So the key takeaway here that I want you to understand is that by the year 2020, by my calculations, over 9,000% of the total internet traffic will be non-human in nature, right? That's like 90 whole pie charts, right? That's why I had to use a line graph. I couldn't even fit them all in one slide. So that's cool, but like I said, the real figures are more impressive than bogus trends. And speaking of real figures, here's one, 50 billion devices by 2020. It's like two years from now. Show of hands, how many people have heard of this claim? 50 bill by 2020. All right, so like a dozen or so of you. And this isn't coming from me, right? This is Cisco saying this. So they know what they're talking about. And if you do the math, it's kind of mind-bending. 50 billion devices by 2020, that's like 50 devices for every person living in San Francisco. So it's pretty intense. So at this point, we know that the data is flowing, right? We know that there is a lot of data and it's just gonna be more and more as time goes on. But where is it coming from?  No. It's actually coming from like literally everywhere, like all over the place, right? And literally more of everywhere every single day, right? Like every day more sensors are coming online, new systems are collecting data we've never collected before and existing systems are adding data points with new sensors. And it's just, it's new data every day, literally every day. But more importantly, what does the data represent? Data in isolation is meaningless, right? So what does this data represent? Well, you probably know what I'm gonna say, literally everything, right? So from credit card activity, what else? Transit usage, temperature reading, seismological events, gas emissions, that was me by the way, excuse me. Everything from, you know, air and water quality to the toastedness of your toast, your health, you know, daily activity, whereabouts, all of that ranging from that to, you know, the overall status of the world at large. But more importantly than literally everything is literally everyone, right? Because this data represents something about us and again, without us, this data would be completely meaningless. And of course, literally more of everyone every single day, figuratively speaking, of course. You know, maybe not every day, but you get my point, right? Hyperbole is one of my superpowers, by the way, so please respect that. Anyway, I am going to drop my one and only quote on you. I hope you appreciate it. Speaking of superpowers, the late, great David Bowie. Homosapiens have outgrown their youth, gotta make way for the homo superior. And also if we could, a moment of silence. You guys are great sports. So my point here is that humanity has the opportunity to level up and gain new superpowers. And maybe not in the comic book, anti-hero sense of the word, but we have very real opportunities to improve the everyday quality of life and our safety and our accessibility of knowledge and other resources through the responsible and intelligent distribution of meaningful data. Say that with me, if you will. The responsible and intelligent distribution of meaningful data. One more time. Intelligence, responsible, meaningful data. Keywords. But one side note, on the term non-meaning, non-human, this is a bit of a misnomer. I don't think this is the right way to look at the concept because as I've mentioned, this data is all meaningless without us, without a context. And I truly believe that we are our data. So, quick show of hands. They're really just like show me your hands. I wanna know you're listening. All right, most of you are paying attention. Oh, thank you so much.  And you're welcome to tune in too if you wanna see, you know, who else is here watching? Sorry, all right, no, but really, show of hands. Who's up for a quick thought experiment? All right, you know, gotta love a good thought experiment. First thing in the morning after a long night of enjoying oneself. So, imagine with me, if you will, just for a moment, that this space here, or this space, whichever you prefer, that this space is filled with all of the content that you've generated on every social media platform that you've ever encountered, right? Every Facebook post, every tweet, or tweet storm, every snarky Reddit comment and hilarious image macro and selfie and blog posts and source code and all that stuff, right? Think of it all, envision it, if you will, either side, actually, your choice, either side.  Well, thank you for the tour. Much appreciated. Round of applause for this gentleman, by the way, he's a good support. Sorry, I broke your concentration. Really, I just want an excuse to drink more water. So, anyway, so, you've thought, you've envisioned, and really, the point I'm trying to make here simply is that you are your data. I really want you to believe that. You are the content that you create, and when you die, your personhood continues to exist in the form of your data, and people will post on your Facebook page and it will become a memorial. And even today, current machine learning technology allows us to create a reasonable facsimile of your personality, just by analyzing existing data. So, I like to think about this in the context of, what does this tell us about what it might mean to be alive, even just 10 years from now, right? It's a lot to think about, at least for me. I think we have some really interesting challenges to confront in the near future. And another assertion that I make here is that the internet is now a conduit for the expansion of human consciousness itself. And the state of our consciousness is changing and shifting, and we're a lot more than we used to be. And we're literally enhancing our own senses at this point, right? So, an example that may seem very mundane is push notifications from your Nest, Cam, your security system at home, right? If motion is detected at home, you're not home, but you have a mobile phone and you have Nest, and now you know there might be something going on at home. That's ESP, right? And another good example, you have a GPS enabled application that alerts you to emergent traffic conditions before you get there. Suddenly, you're clairvoyant. You've got that precognition now. So, we're creating new depths of awareness, and we're quantifying our existence on entirely new levels, right? Show of hands, how many of you have a fitness tracker? A lot of you, myself included. I found it's been tremendously helpful to me personally, but that's just the beginning, right? We've got internet radio that catalogs all of our listening moods and arguably, could be very insightful about our mental and emotional states from time to time. We check in on Swarm, which reveals a lot about our lifestyle. A lot of us use ride-sharing applications that allow very detailed reports of our travels. And these are just a few examples. But the point that I wanna make here is that we can now understand and interact with each other and not ourselves in brand new ways. And I give you a couple examples. I think the stream here is another good example of something that is a relatively novel way of communicating at scale with people. And really connecting. I found it very meaningful to connect with the friends that stopped by and chat with me no matter where I am. I can be in a strange city and fire up my stream and I have friends that are always there that come and hang out with me and support me and make me feel a little bit less lonely when I'm in a strange city by myself. Shout outs to you guys, zero X couch, Rekha. Thank you. So at this point, perhaps in my presentation, you may be asking yourself, where are you going with all this? And that is a reasonable question to ask. And the only way I can really answer it is with story time. Who likes a good story? Sweet. Well, I'm not gonna promise it's a good one, but we'll see. So this story begins in a little conference known as NodeConf US, back in the year 2015. This is a conference up in the woods of Marin County, a little about two hours north of San Francisco. And again, just show of hands, I love audience participation. How many of you have heard of NodeConf? Awesome, okay. And so here I'm at NodeConf and just to set the stage, a lot of us were chatting in this tree. This is like a special tree for NodeConf. It's a little tree, people can climb up in it and they all kind of hang out and chat. And it's right next to this lovely antique barn that's called the Boogie Barn after dark because we all dance. And we're just chatting about nerdy things, nothing in particular, just whatever comes to mind. And a good friend of mine, a gentleman by the name of Miles Borans, just kind of mentioned in passing, kind of a silly joke, the idea of a cuddle-based economy. Right? And I don't think he was thinking too seriously about it. It seemed like a cute idea and we giggled a little bit and then we moved on. But I couldn't shake that idea. So one year later, this is still on my mind. I'm thinking about it a lot. And I'm like, I can't get this out of my head. Like what would that look like? Could it work? How? What would it take culturally or technologically to make something like that happen? So I find myself at NodeConf again for 2016 and we're at the same place, but a very different format. And the format for the year 2016 is that there's, it's like an Unconf format, right? There's no predefined sessions, no speakers.  Like here's some locations and here's some time slots. And then people can just go up and propose like, I wanna talk about asynchronous file operations over in the Buckeye Lodge. And I was like, you know what, why not? I went up there and I was like, the cuddle-based economy, the tree, and, you know, cause I was like, why not?  And people really loved the idea. Like people that weren't even there for the original conversation last year, there were like 20 or 30 people that showed up for the first session. And I was super surprised. People really loved talking about this and it was an idea that resonated for whatever reason. We had numerous deep and meaningful conversations with people who were sharing things about themselves that you typically wouldn't expect someone to share at like a tech conference, right? And we talked about various concepts and, you know, kind of discussed how they might work and then eventually got into things like implementation details. But the idea very quickly evolved and we realized that there was a lot more potential than simply thinking of it as an economy. And so we started thinking like, what if we built this into a platform or like a network of the future? And so like after our first session, it was time to propose more sessions. And so I used what we had discussed to propose a second session, which we had determined should be called the Cryptocuttle Revolution. It was a crowdsourced name. And you know, this is when I realized, the session two is when I realized that people were really actually serious about this idea. And the discussion began to focus on identifying ways that we could actually build a system and figuring out how would it function if it were to be successful. And at this point, you know, we had, we started talking a lot about a platform and you know, like what would it look like? Would it be an app? Someone suggested the use of blockchain, of course. And you know, we ended up throwing around terms like n-dimensional cuddle coefficients and exchange rates and all those important questions. And then you know, questions like how would we interact on the platform? How would we interact with each other? Or would we even? And what would be the intent exactly? And the intent that we came up with that kind of seemed the core concept that we all agreed upon was how can we use, oops, I was pushing the wrong button. How can we use technology, you know, our unprecedented access to information and cutting edge technology to codify and teach empathy and help improve the condition of our social relations. And that led us to a hypothesis. And the hypothesis was that empathy is like a muscle. Has anyone heard this before? The idea that empathy is like a muscle, right? It's learned over time and it must be practiced and exercised, but if it is, you get better at it. And more exercise means more capacity, right? It's only through that exercise that we begin to strengthen our ability to empathize with others, particularly people who are much different than us. And that's what increases our capacity for compassion. And that exposure, more exposure equals more exercise. And again, you know, it's only through that exposure to new individuals, new customs, new cultures that we are able to continuously exercise increasing our capacity. But we also realized that that wasn't enough. Empathy itself wasn't enough. And there was a lot of musing on this, like what else would be necessary? And this is where I depart a little bit from where we left off at Nude Conf. And I picked back up more with kind of just my personal thoughts. And so I believe, sorry, I believe that we can't stop at empathy. It's not enough to get us to where we wanna go. And another assertion that I will make, and stay with me here if you will, is that we must redefine ourselves if we're going to be successful in an endeavor like this. If we're going to reach new levels of compassion, we're still constrained by our understanding of what it means to be human. So we must redefine ourselves completely. And what would that look like? What would it look like if we completely reexamined our definition of humanity? And so this is where I go one step further and I ask, and I guess I assert really, if we are to survive, then we must intentionally evolve. Empathy enough is not alone. And we are all cyborgs. And maybe I haven't convinced you just yet, but I hope at the very least I've given you something to think about. And I wanna leave you with a couple thoughts, actually a couple of questions, and a poem that I wrote on the subject. And I don't normally write poetry, but just another brief story here. I had the privilege of serving as an emcee for a couple of conferences in Europe, and I was asked by one of the speakers to write a poem for them. Apparently I had promised them a poem in the past and I didn't deliver and I don't remember that, but I was trying to be a good support and I was like, sure. So while he was presenting, I was trying to come up with some poem about the content he was presenting, and then when he was done, I went up, I read the poem and people really liked that, so I just started doing that for everyone. And what I realized is poetry really resonates with people, and it's something that I had never really experimented with. So I thought, why not, I'll take a shot at writing a poem about this subject as well. So before I do that here are two questions I would like you to consider. They are fairly simple questions, but what is our potential, truly? And how might it be realized? So I'm gonna give you a second just to think about that, and also just so I can catch my breath, and that brings us to poetry time. I'm really nervous about this, I don't really share things that are so personal to me, so if I seem nervous, go easy on me. The choices to make, will you give or will you take? Then will you help to awaken the next generation? A technocratic nation, one crafted with elation, for we are the ones who must build the foundation. Now is the time, find your reason and rhyme. This is the season to break free from thought crime. Let your voices rise up, persist and don't falter. Be rid of your vices from years at the altar of deities false and dogmas of your, we shall simply abide by this bondage no more. We must forge a weapon against the procession of intolerance, violence, hatred, oppression. It is not a question of whether we can, but a matter of how we approach with a plan. A framework we form for a new school of thought, a system in which empathy can be taught. No longer shall judgment lurk in our midst by way of technology, our bias dismissed. We can build a world where we all coexist, but for us to do this, we all must assist. Wielding the keyboard, unyielding, it's through our cohesion we find healing. With our new networks, we begin revealing how these worldwide warlords keep us reeling.  We pave the way. We build the engine, technology born with the intention to aid us in our societal ascension into a new age, one free of contention, with a new found gauge for shared comprehension. We watch as the world enters into our dimension. Now we take control and change our direction. We can fight the infection and repair the connection. We can strive for perfection through our collective introspection, and it will be through our rejection of the previous perception that our greatest gift is bestowed. A download? Yes, through diodes and transistors, but much more than that, my brothers and sisters, our truth spoken silently through digital whispers, a voice for the voiceless, we cryptic resistors, when they look back on this pivotal crossroad, and ask to whom their lives are owed, they'll see just what we sowed. We fought for freedom with our source code, delivered our truth through a payload for it was from our fingertips, the future float. Thank you. I put the fin at the end because I was told that makes it fancier. And of course, I feel like this ties in pretty well to Drupal Khan's tagline of be human, think digital. So thank you. And with that, I would like to open it up for Q&A. I believe I will be joined briefly. You guys wanna come over to the chair too? Oh, thank you, eliminate, I appreciate the compliment. Thank you, Emily. Of course. I'm looking forward to our chat. Yeah, yeah. I'm Michelle Jackson, I am a volunteer and I also work for Palantir.net. So let's get started. What is the first step to redefining yourself within this new context? I think the first step to redefining yourself is a very personal process. And I think that it depends on your understanding of the existing cultural context that you find yourself in. And so it's something that I would struggle to be too prescriptive about. I would be very interested in having a conversation with individuals on this subject. But it's not something that I feel is a really like a sound, biteable answer, if that makes sense. So how has technology changed the way that empathy is expressed? If someone likes a photo or someone likes your post or even shares an emoji, is that empathic? I think that's a good question. Yeah, I think that, I mean, I'm not a data scientist, as I said. So I don't necessarily have an overwhelming body of evidence to support some of the assertions that I've made. But I think it's, we don't have to think on that, actually. Like what would, what would be an emoji that would more effectively or effectively express that you wanna demonstrate empathy to somebody? Is it, you know? Well, I find I generally go for the hearts. We've got rainbow hearts now in emojis. So there's a heart for every occasion these days. But yeah, I think the interesting thing to think about, on the other side as well, it's fun to be all sunshine and daisies about empathy, but a big challenge that we have is fighting that tendency to lose a sense of empathy when you are removed from that face-to-face interaction. And that's a big part of why I feel we need to put a conscious effort into intentionally evolving and redefining our understanding of what it means to be human. Because more and more we find that our interactions are occurring through digital media. So we're finding, you know, through various technologies like AR and VR, ways to simulate the organic human experience as it were. But I don't believe that's sustainable in the long term. So I'm interested to kind of experiment with what exactly we can do in that regard beyond simulation. So earlier this week, we chatted a little bit about just some privacy concerns around, you know, radically redefining yourself and radically redefining connection on the internet. Would you be willing to chat a little bit about that? Yeah, this is a topic I find is one that does tend to trigger a certain sense of anxiety in various folks. When we start talking about the privacy concerns of such radical shifts, it's important to analyze the motivation behind a desire for privacy. And I would be remiss to come across as someone who's just advocating for a wholesale, you know, abolition of privacy in the way that we understand it. But it's important to note that a lot of what we think of privacy is a result of the fact that our society has been such that there are very real repercussions for certain personal information becoming public knowledge. And if we can find a way to overcome that cultural barrier, then we may find ourselves with a completely different understanding of the value of privacy. And in which context it makes sense and is important. And if we can get past that, I am hopeful that we may find ways to derive meaning and insight from data that we weren't previously able to share widely enough to get value from. So in terms of this topic of redefining oneself, what does this mean outside of a North American context with people who perhaps don't speak English? Are there any implications for how this might translate and how we might ideate and iterate around this? Absolutely. I think it's one of those things where I think of this presentation that I gave to you today as a set of open-ended questions and a request for dialogue from interested parties. I don't have all of the answers. I have very few. I'm barely figuring out what this means for me and I know that I'm nowhere near qualified to make assertions as to what people in different cultural contexts should do. But I'm very interested in having conversations with people from different walks of life and hearing from them how they perceive this topic. So when we think about connection, can you share a little bit about what came up at that discussion you shared earlier when you were thinking about how you could actually create something where you could actually house, essentially, and facilitate that connection? Yeah, well, we talked a bit about like, okay, well, if it was an app, like I mentioned like the whole, like the cuddle coefficient. And it was this kind of idea of there, like, you know, cuddles are not necessarily a fungible thing. You can't just trade one for the other. There is a very complex kind of rule set around what a cuddle might be worth from one person to the other. And that was an interesting topic to explore. But I think the most direct result that I witnessed from the conversations we had at NodeConf in 2016 is once we got to the point where we're like, oh, this is a thing that we believe we could potentially achieve and that we all think is important to us. It was a little surreal, but in the boogie barn that I mentioned, that was like, you know, that housed our evening's festivities, there was actually just like this kind of spontaneous cuddle puddle that just kind of emerged in the corner of the barn and like several people were just kind of hanging out and like doing exactly what we had discussed of their own fruition. And I thought that was, it was a powerful moment to see, specifically because it was something that was so out of context for what you would expect from a tech conference. So yesterday we chatted a little bit about the difference between privacy and space and asking for space. Can you just peek through that a little bit? Yeah, I think that, and this question actually touches on a similar topic that I've explored a bit and that's the idea of, and I think it's actually something that Amber Case, who's a cyber anthropologist explores, the idea of calm technology, technology that is functional and provides value to you by getting out of your way and doing what it's supposed to do without demanding attention from you. And I think that's part of the formula. I think obviously privacy is very important when it comes to the repercussions of other people having awareness of certain elements of your identity or other bits of personal information. But that idea of having space or being able to create space for yourself, I think is very interesting and important and one that I don't, I mean, I admit I don't have a full understanding of how we would wrestle with that, but I'm very interested again in kind of exploring how that might come about, whether it's things like taking the concept of like home automation and applying that to digital spaces. I mean, who knows really? It's definitely interesting to think about that. So one of the things that comes up when we talk about empathy is often fear and shame. Are those barriers to entry or are they essentially opportunities? I would suppose they're a bit of both. I think that, excuse me, the first thing that I think of is if someone is experiencing a fear, it's an emotion that has some usefulness to them. Fear obviously protects us in a lot of ways. And so I think the first step is understanding where the fear comes from. And if it is a fear that is still relevant or one that's based off of previous experiences in similar contexts. So I think there is a lot of value in being able to come to a place within yourself where you're prepared to kind of confront your fears in a safe way and be vulnerable with people that you trust. And I think that's the first step. So before you mentioned that we have a lot of technology that helps us do our day-to-day tasks. We have GPS, we have notifications about the weather. Can technology help us confront our fears? Absolutely. And help us identify. And what is the risk of allowing essentially technology to have access to data that reveals our fears and then actually helps us understand what's going on? Yeah, well I think that you touch on a subject that I think involves the conversation around ownership of data. And where does your data live? Who has access to it? What pieces of it? How widely can they share it? And that's something I find particularly intriguing, especially with what's going on around data privacy, all of these breaches happening. Obviously Facebook is dealing with a lot of this as well. And I would love to see more focus within our industry simply on trying to get a better understanding of how we can federate ownership of data in a sense. But also to your question about can technology help you overcome fears? Anecdotally, I have I guess maybe a fun example to share and that is within the context of Minecraft. I was introduced to Minecraft much, much later than most people, maybe about a year and a half ago. And I loved it, but I was deathly afraid of Enderman.  And it took me along, I would just like avoid them. I was like, oh, it's an Enderman, I'm getting out of here. And eventually I was like, you know what? I'm gonna confront this fear. I don't know, figure out how to deal with them. And then eventually I learned how to, you know, take care of them without dying. And then fast forward about a year or so and my son turns five and he's expressing great interest in playing Minecraft. And the same thing happens to him. He's afraid of Enderman. And for people who don't play Minecraft, Enderman are these very long, slender, pure black with purple eyes mobs that were modeled somewhat after Slenderman if you're familiar with that internet legend.   But over time I worked with him to help understand what is it that scares you, what's the sound?  And I'm still having conversations with him about how he got to that point but it's so fascinating to me that on his own, as someone who's only five years old, it's very clear that he went through a process of understanding that he has a fear of this entity and the game that he enjoys and found a way to overcome that fear all by himself. And so that is just a silly little anecdote but I think it illustrates some of the ways in which we can start approaching these things. What role does exposure play? Was that something that came into play? I think so, yeah, I mean, it was something where, and he was initially very, if we're still talking about the Enderman thing, he was very hesitant to go into any of the worlds that had Bob's spawning unless I was there with him and so it was, I think, a process of kind of reassuring him, reminding him. It's such an immersive game, especially for a young person that it's easy to forget you're not actually in the game. So it kind of helped remind him of that and then a part of his process, before he got to the point where he was building giant Enderman and appreciating them and describing them as happy, he actually would go and build little pens and then he'd find the Enderman's spawner egg and just spawn a ton of them and basically make a zoo and he's like, okay, they're all in there, they're still scary but I got them under control. So definitely seen that kind of increasing exposure as potentially a good way to go about it. Because it sounds like he actually had empathy for the Enderman. Yeah, yeah, and it's interesting that you note that. And I'm wondering, to what extent do we actually use technology to facilitate that and what comes up for me is gamification, which has been so effective in terms of motivating people. You think that there's just a place or a space for gamification of just certain compassion and empathy oriented activities? Absolutely, yeah, and I didn't really touch on it much in the presentation but that idea of gamifying empathy was a topic that we did spend a lot of time discussing and it was kind of back and forth on like, if we gamify empathy, does that take away from the validity or is it simply a method for us to kind of break down the barrier that we all tend to have? What were some ways that you discussed gamifying empathy? Essentially, the visual that we ended up kind of charting out is, you've seen, I forget their call but basically like a star chart where you have like the five axes and then you kind of draw where each one is and ends up with a polygon that kind of roughly describes five dimensions of some, five measurements of some kind. And so we were thinking about how you might apply that whether what the different axes might be and how you could affect it in the sense of like, oh, I have a score for like this metric here and this metric here and I can do certain things to impact that. So one of them was, and it was actually kind of when Black Mirror came out, I kind of was like, because there's an episode that kind of touches on in a more negative way what we were kind of thinking about and that was like basically if we had a way to kind of build a trust chain of people who if I trust you and you trust another person we could gamify a sense of the relationship and like how likely someone is to be compatible with you on certain levels, whether that's political viewpoints or lifestyles and things like that. So just vague things like that is kind of where we arrived and I'm definitely still interested in talking more particularly if there's people here who have an interest in it as well. Another question I have is this idea of an empathy buddy. So this is something that comes up in nonviolent communication and comes up in a lot of circles that practice compassionate communication. Yeah. Is that a role that can be fulfilled by a bot or essentially to use your rotations non-human? Yeah, I think that it's definitely something that has potential and particularly when you consider kind of what I've proposed in this presentation is if we do redefine what it means to be human, does that open up the title of human to non-biological entities? And aside from that even still, if these AIs are designed by humans, they're designed with the biases and the culture of the people that built them. And so in that sense, I would suspect absent real data that it is at least potentially worth exploring.  I think Eliza, the chatbot, one of the OG chatbots that was very, very, like it was not a smart bot. It did not use AI, but it just had keywords that it would pick up on and would simulate a conversation with a user and studies suggested that it was effective in helping people feel better even though it had zero understanding of what the person was saying. Or the process of simulating a conversation with someone that at least demonstrated empathy was enough to trigger that impact. So it's definitely worth exploring. Well, I think that puts us at time. It does. Awesome. Well, thank you so much, Emily, for doing that. Absolutely, thank you. I really enjoyed it. And thank you all too. Thank you. We do still have some friends here with us in chat. We have Alka and Rekka, and there's a couple of other people who were there earlier. So if you don't mind just giving them one more round of applause. I want to make sure they feel included. Hello from Drupalcon. Thank you all so much. You've been phenomenally supportive. Oh, Suzuna's here, Alpha Duplo. Thank you so much.


Hello, and welcome to the session. This is Professor Farhad. In this session, we would look at an example for a cost allocation, and specifically deals with the reciprocal model. In the prior section, we looked at the direct, as well as the step method. And all these lectures are posted on farhadlectures.com. So you can go to my website and view those recordings. So the reciprocal model, what is the reciprocal model? The reciprocal model is a reflective of the fact that the service department, so the service department, they do provide, for example, S1 and S2. They do provide services to themselves, and we will take that into account. Why is this important? This is important because in the direct method, we ignore this relationship between the service department. In the step method, we only looked at it from a one-way perspective. We looked from the most, the longest service department going down. In the reciprocal method, it's going to be both ways. So let's take a look at the same example that we use for the direct method, and for the step method to illustrate the reciprocal method. So we have this company, the department cost allocation. We have Homeland Life Insurance, S2 service department, S1. So we're going to call it S1 and S2. S1 is actuarial, and S2 is the premium department. And they have two production department. So S1, this is S1 and S2. This is the premium. And they have two production department, P1 and P2. P1 is advertising, and P2 is sales. And this is the percentages how they support each other. Now what we have is we have to solve this equation. We have to use linear algebra. How do we use linear algebra? Simply put, department S1 already have direct allocation is $80,000. Service department 2 is $15,000. But before we proceed, before we proceed to allocate from the service department to the production department, once again, in the reciprocal method, the service department, they will need to allocate among themselves. Now how are we going to do so? Well, we're going to have to do some algebra, some manipulation. Let's look at S1, which is the actuarial department, S1, S1. What is S1? S1, how much does it have? S1 has $80,000 of direct allocation plus an S1 we are going to have 20% of the premium department. So it's going to be 80,000 plus 0.2. Where did I get that 20%? Well, the premium department allocate 20% to the S2, allocate 20% to S1, premium allocate 20% to the actuarial, plus 20% of multiplying by S2. S2, how do we figure out S2? S2, it has a direct cost of $15,000. Plus S2, it's going to get 80% 0.8 of S1. Now we have two linear equation that we need to solve for. So let's solve for S1. Let me just now switch color. Maybe this tool will work with the pen better. S1 equal to $80,000 plus 0.2, open the bracket, 0.2, multiply it by $15,000 plus 0.8 S1. How did I get 0.8 S1? 0.8 times S1 equal to 0.8 S1. Now let's solve S1. Sorry, my pen is acting up a little bit. S1 equal to $80,000 plus what is 0.2 times 0.2 times $15,000? 0.2 times $15,000 is $3,000 plus what is 0.2 times 0.8 S1? So 0.2 times 0.8 is 0.16 S1, 0.16 S1. Now basically, I'm just going to solve S1 equal to $83,000 plus 0.16 S1. Now basically, I'm just going to eliminate S1. So I'm just going to eliminate S1. So I'm going to add and subtract 0.16 from both sides. So this is S1 means 1 S1. This is 1 S1. So 1 S1, so I'm going to take 1 S1 minus 0.16. It's going to give me 0.84 S1 equal to $83,000. And basically, I'm going to just solve for S1. I'm going to divide both sides by 0.84. So if I divide both sides by 0.84 S1 equal to $83,000 divided by 0.84, S1 will equal to $98,810. This is what S1 is. Once I find S1, how much allocated to S1? It's easy to find S2. All I have to do is plug S1 into the formula of S2. And this is basically S2. So if I take $98,000, plug it here into S1. So let's see what it looks like now. So I'm going to go to clip this. So this is S1 S2. S2 equal to $15,000 plus 0.8 times S1. We know what S1 is, 98,810. S2 equal to $15,000 plus 0.8 times 98,810, $79,048. S2 equal to $94,048. So I have S1 and S2. Since my pen is not working well, I'm going to move to the Excel sheet and work this on the Excel sheet that's cleaner.  You figure this on an Excel sheet. So let's work this on an Excel sheet to see how it works. So just to know what S1 is, we need the number for S1 and S2. So let's go back. S1, we computed S1, we computed S2. S1 was 98,810 as computed earlier in S2. Happens to be $94,048. Now what we're going to do, we're going to set up the problem again as we did it earlier in the other method. S1, S2, service department one, service department two, P1 and P2. Okay, and basically what we're going to do, we're going to go back and now allocate. Yeah, well, before we allocate, let's make sure we 65,000. Let's just put the original direct allocation, 55,000. And this was 60,000. This was 40,000. Let me double check the figures just to make sure I have them right. It's 80, 15, that's the problem right there. 80 and 15, keep. Okay, 80,000 and 15,000. Just give me one moment, please. Okay, now what's going to happen is I am going to go ahead and start to unlock 15,000, 15,000. Now I'm going to go ahead and start to allocate S1. I'm going to start to allocate S1 to S2, P1 and P2 and S2 to S1, P1 and P2. So what's going to happen, let me just show you in a moment. So I'm going to take S1, allocate S1 to S2 to P1 to P2. Then I'm going to take P2, allocate it to S1, allocate it to P1, allocate it to P2. So this is what the reciprocal method is. So let's see how are we going to do this? Well, how are we going to do this is based on the allocation that's given to us in the prior session and the prior session. What were the allocation? Well, basically what we were given is this. We were giving that S1 department or S1 department allocate 80%, let me go back to the figures, from 80, 10 and 10. So 80, 10 and 10 is right there in the problem. So let me just show you one more time. So S1 is 80, 10 and 10. And for S2 is 20, 20 and 60. This is how we're going to allocate this based on what we are giving in the first original data. This is going to be 80 divided by 100. Let's do it as a decimal. 80 divided by 100, 10 divided by 100, 10 divided by 100 and 10 divided by 100. So this is how S1 is going to allocate to S2 and P1 and P2. So now S1 has, remember S1, we're dealing with this is S1, just going to have noticed. This is S1, I've just highlighted in yellow. S1 is going to allocate to S2. It's going to allocate to S2. S1 is going to allocate, let me highlight this in yellow so we all know where this is coming from. Okay, there we go. Okay, so we're going to allocate to S2, 80%, 80%, 0.8 times this figure. So basically what happened is of S2, we allocated already $79,084. Then we're going to allocate of this amount, then 10%, we're going to allocate, let me just make sure I take it out first. So 98,000 times 10%, we're going to allocate out of this amount to P1. It's going to be this number positive. So I'm just going to have to do this positive, negative, and it's going to be positive. And I'm going to allocate out of this, out of S1, again, 10%, I'm going to make it negative, to indicate I'm allocating it out of this amount and taking it to P2. So what I did, I took the 98,100 and allocated them to S2, P1, and P2. Let me highlight those in red, so this way. So what I have in yellow, what I have in yellow here in S1 in this box, or in this cell, okay, gets allocated some of it to S2, some of it to S, P1, and some of it to P2. Now I'm going to have to do the same thing for S2. S2 has, let me highlight S2 in yellow, S2 has 94,000, S2 has $94,048. Okay, now I'm going to do the same thing. However, the allocation is going to be not the same percentages, because it has a different percentages, it's going to be 2020 and 60. And again, how do I get those percentages? There we go, right here, 20, 60, and 20. So it's allocating 20 to the S1, 20, and 60. How did I know this? I just computed 20 plus 20 plus 60 equal to 100, happens to be easy number, 20% to 20% and 60%. So they could be any other number, but in this example, they made it very easy for us. So it's going to be 20% for S1, 20% for P1, and 60% for P2. So here we go, let's do this now.  So I'm going to take out of S2, I'm going to make it minus, out of S2 I'm going to take 20% out of it, I'm going to take 20% out of it and give it to S1, because it's going, again, the reciprocal is basically, we're going to give to the other department, we're going to take, make it minus once again, 20% of S2, okay, minus and give it to P1. So it's this number plus allocated to indicate it's allocated, it's being allocated. Then we're going to take 60%, make it minus, 60% of S2 and allocate this amount to P2. And allocate this amount to P2. Make this plus, okay. So what did I do? It didn't work, now it worked. So what I did, I took the 98,000 and allocated the 98,000, I'm going to use a different color here. You can use blue maybe, see it's good, okay. So I took the 94,084 dollars of S2 and I allocated them to S1, P1 and P2, okay. Now what you can do if you want to just confirm, sometime it may or may not be exactly zero, because you need to make sure everything, all the service zeroed out. And hopefully it's like rounding point, point four and point zero. So just basically because of rounding. So notice S1 and S2, I allocated everything out of them. Now I have the total for P1, just so P1 total is 88,690. And P2 total, let me copy and paste the formula is 106309, the total for that, okay. So once again, this gets a little ugly if you have too many service department in the real world, you'd use Excel, there's something called Solver in Excel and you can solve this. Maybe I will do an Excel sheet later on that deals with Excel and solve this. Or there's a special software accounting software that you could use or some sort of an automated package that's gonna help you allocate those costs. But this is basically the reciprocal method. Again, the reciprocal method is considered superior, considered, why? Because it's allocating the service costs in both direction and in the real world we want to be as imperative as possible in pricing our product. So if you have any questions, any comments and at the end of the day, always add those two numbers up, this plus this, okay, equal to 195,000 which is equal to just kind of, this is a double check, equal to all of this which is, but they have 100,000 plus 15 plus 80 which is 195 to make sure you accounted for all the cost as a reconciliation. So basically if you have any questions, any comments by all means email me or if you're taking my class, see me in class. If you're studying for your CPA or for your CMA exam, by all means study hard, it's worth it.