I'm the Comic Weekly Man. This is Jolly Comic Weekly Man. And I'm here to read the bunnies. Do you happy boys and honeys? Yes, boys and girls, it's Comic Weekly Time.  Right out of the pages, I've popped the Comic Weekly straight into your living room. Your friend, the Comic Weekly Man. The Jolly Comic Weekly Man. Well, little Miss Honey, how are you today? Fine, thank you. And I'm still a little about Mr. Bigger's baby. Ah, yes. And I've been spending the whole week thinking about myself. And I am going to trick you today. You are? I am. Here's a riddle for you. What coat is always wet when you put it on? Oh, the what? But this coat is wet when you put it on in the house. When you put it on? A coat of paint. You bet I did. Just the way you did to me last week. I just love riddles.  Thank you. Puck the Comic Weekly? Very well, I'll read that in just a moment. But before I do, let's listen to this nice man. Here we go with Puck the Comic Weekly. And on the first page, Hop along Cassidy. Magic words for the music, please. Very well, my lady. Six guns blazing as you thunders along. Give us music for Hop along. Hoppy, who had been posing as an outlaw, has tricked the chameleon and his gang of outlaws while they are there, the Texas Rangers sweep into the canyon. And before the outlaws know it, they're surrounded and they surrender. As the outlaws come out from behind the rocks, like worms into the sunlight, the leader of the ranger says, Well, the chameleon and his gang have staged their last raid, Cassidy. I'll help the boys round up the streets. Hoppy looks around at the crew of outlaws and then exclaims, Hey, grief's mount is gone. Those are fresh tracks leading out of here. First page of second row, grief, who's the chameleon, looks back over his shoulder, sees a cloud of dust following his trail. He turns off into a clump of trees, rains in and waits. As the horseman gallops by, he exclaims, Ah, Cassidy, headed for Buckskin. Well, that town won't be healthy for Simon grief. He dismounts and starts to open his blanket roll. One more disguise ought to get me out of the country. That night, after dark, a stranger rides unnoticed into Buckskin, a stranger wearing tattered clothes and a gray beard. Last picture, second row, he slips into grief's office. He hurries to this office safe, first picture, bottom row, unlocks it and swiftly empties it, stuffing wads of bills into a sack. Then he hurries to the door, stops on the landing and surprise. For facing him are a group of local citizens carrying guns, and one of them says, Masquerades over, chameleon. We were tipped off that you'd be showing up in one form or another. You made the mistake ahead and for this office. Last picture, Hoppy steps forward and says, You better open that sack and start returning the money you stole from these folks' grief. This time it's your turn to pay for protection till the Texas Rangers get here. Hoppy for the robberies and he would have made Hoppy behind. Yes, he would have. Well, now at the end of the trail has come for grief and his outlaws. And I'm glad. So do I. Oh, next week... I wouldn't be a bit surprised. I can highly wait. But you will have to wait. Now? Well, now three because Prince Vance always there. Very well, then over the page we go to page three and you are right. Oh, look, he's three. Yes, Val and the leader in the form of sport that was very popular in the days long ago. A sport called falconry. Yes, a falcon and train it to catch other birds and bring them back to their masters. Yes, that's right. Well, let's see what happens next in the training of these hawks. Here we go with Prince Valiant in the days of King Arthur. Eckert, Breckert, Grey Malkin and Quince. Music romantic for a fair, fair prince. Prince Valiant wagers he can train a hawk better than the leader. Too late though and she's training a young bird from the nest. While he must catch and train a hawk that is nesting and in some remote which means his bird is more nervous and very difficult to train. Day after day Val carries the great falcon on his wrist. A hood over its eyes so it can't see where it is. Always he caresses it with gentle hand and voice, feeding it by hand. Then the hood is removed. But the leash is still tied to its legs so it must always fly back to Val's hand for its food. Then last picture top roll. At last comes the anxious day when the leash is removed and the hawk is flown free at the elusive lure. Every time it is allowed to strike a morsel of meat is the reward. Hope of this reward will bring the bird back to its master whenever Val whirls the lure. A lure is a group of feathers that looks like a small bird on the end of a whip. When Val wants the hawk to strike, he whirls the whip around in the air and the hawk which is sailing through the air, dives for it seeking to catch it in its claw. One day as Val is returning to the castle, first picture next roll. Happy that his solemn hawk is behaving so well, he encounters the king. A golden eagle upon his padded glove. Well, can it be, Sire, that you're practicing in order to edge into our wager? Last picture second roll, the king answers.  First picture bottom roll, Val shouts, I'll wager, I'll wager even now my falcon can bring down more game than that flea-haunted buzzard of yours. Last picture, at dinner that evening Alita announces to Val and Queen Agua what the contest will be. He says, at tomorrow's dawn we go hawking and at evening each will dine only on what game he brings the bag and may the worst hawk bring in a woods kitty. A woods kitty is a skunk. Oh, you mean this? Yep. That's Alita's joke. Whatever the bird catches, they'll have to eat. Yes. So am I. Now would you like to see what crazy thing Dagward does today? Oh, you know I would. All right, let's go to the first page of the second section. And there's Dagward and Blondie. Say the magic words with me. Remapoo, Remapum, Zim Zim Zummy, music for Dagward and Blondie. It's your day down at the office. Mr. Dithers sees Dagward coming toward his office and exclaims Uh-oh. Here comes Bumpstead. And he looks like he's going to ask me for a raise. Oh, I've got to out with him. In walks Dagward with a big smile in his face. Good morning, Mr. Dithers. How are you?  Oh, terrible, terrible. Didn't sleep a wink all night. My sciatica, you know. The smile drops from Dagward's face. Gee, I didn't know you had that.  Oh, it's nothing compared to my rheumatism and my ulcers. A tear comes to Dagward's eye and drops to the floor. He helps Mr. Dithers over to the sofa. Gee, you aren't a bad way. You better lie down, boss. Oh, it's the insomnia, though, that really gets you down. It's the insomnia, though, that really gets me from business worries, you know. Yeah, sure, sure. Well, you just rest, boss. Dagward gives Mr. Dithers a pat on the head. Now are you comfy? Dithers nods his head, closes his eyes and Dagward tiptoes out. Dithers thinks... Ah, that did it. I got rid of him. He's scared to ask me for a raise now that he thinks I'm dying. Just as Dagward gets to the door he sees the salesman who's about to come in. Last picture, second row. Dagward stops him. Wait, stop! You can't see Mr. Dithers today.  The salesman exclaimed... Wow, sick, huh? That's interesting. What's the matter with him? Dagward enumerates first picture, third row. He's got sciatica, rheumatism, ulcers, insomnia, high and low blood pressure, neuritis and phlebitis. Well, I'm glad to hear this. And the salesman walks toward the elevators. Suddenly, Mr. Dithers leaps out of his office and knocks Dagward on the head. Bumpstead, you nitwit! That was the insurance examiner. Now they'll refuse me my new policy. The salesman hears the commotion and hurries back. First picture, bottom row, he sees Dithers beating up on Dagward. Idiot! Nonstone! The salesman shouts... Wonderful! Magnificent! Dithers who's choking Dagward looks up as the salesman beams such vitality, such vigor. Well, you're in perfect health, Mr. Dithers. I'm going to grant you the policy. A few minutes later, Mr. Dithers is back in his office. A big smile on his face. Happy that he's got the insurance policy. And then, in walked Dagward. Mr. Dithers, I'd like to talk to you about a raid. A mile drops from Mr. Dithers' face. Any groans? No, I'm really sick. Happy! The woman there should be happy. Happy! Happy! Happy! Happy! The woman there should be unhappy. After all, Dagward, in a way, helped him get the insurance policy when Mr. Dithers beat up on Dagward. Yes, and that proved he was in good health. And you'd have to be healthy to do that. Mm-hmm. Well, now look underneath Dagward and Blondie. There's Roy Rogers. Oh, and because Roy knows that ex-Sneed is the crook who's been stealing Pauline Bunyan's logs. Yes, Sneed has tried to escape from Roy by running out on the logs that are being sent down the river. But Roy was so dead. He turned, caught the boat, and is carrying it right into the path of the logs. Yes, well, let's read now and see what happens to Roy Rogers, king of the cowboys. Hi-yip-hi-oh, now here we go with Roy and Trigger. Hi-yip-hi-oh! Roy lassoes him, etched Paul's in the river in the path of the logs. Help! Help! Help! Quickly, Roy pulls on the rope, Paul's etched into the boat. Sneed, save you to answer five thousand dollars worth of Pauline Bunyan's timber.  I will both be smashed to a pulp we're caught between the Bunyan river driving and that. Roy looks up and sees a log jam at the river bend where several of the logs have locked together to form a big dam. And if the jam breaks, the logs are plunged down into Roy and his life won't be worth a cent at this very moment. On the other side of the jam, etched men are setting an explosion to break the jam and then in the boat, last picture top row, etched exclaims, Hey, Rogers, a log bust of the oar. The boat's turned aside as we're gonna, we're done for. That moment Roy sees Trigger on shore and shouts, Come on, Trigger! Trigger gallops down to the river. Roy flips a rope over his neck and just in time because first picture bottom row of the explosion set by etched men goes off and the logs leap forward at the boat. Go, Trigger, go! Trigger turns and trots away and the lead and Roy are safe on shore. A little later, Roy's tying up in. The girl Wildwood rides up and Aunt Pauline comes along carrying etched two men, one under each arm and she exclaims, I found these two hiding in the tibble. Thanks to that blast, my lords will reach the sawmill in time. And Roy says to Aunt Pauline, Yeah, and here's the head of the gang already to turn over to the sheriff. A little later, Roy's on his way back home. As he rides along under the open sky, he says, Yes, sir, it's sure nice to get back to the peace and quiet of the range, Trigger. But around the bend behind a bush, a man with a gun in hand waits. Yes, Roy's quite a hero. Yes, sir. We'll find out more about him next week. Now would you like me to read Flash Gordon? Oh, yes, please. All right, I'll read that in just a moment, Okay. The comic weekly and on the first page of the second section, Flash Gordon. Magic words for the music, please. Very well, my lady. Let's have music for heroic flash. Son's rays have been cut off from the earth and an ice cap covers it. Flash is on an expedition to discover the cause. He's learned that the giants from the planet Saturn are seeking to conquer the world.  Now he's been taken to the moon Rhea. Returning to the Saturnian moon, Avria, after invading earth, the giant Rugh is welcomed by his daughter, Kara, first picture. Rugh orders her and his son, Sami, to guard Flash and teach him to speak Korean. The Saturnian giant's plan is to force Flash to disclose vital information about the earth's defenses. Flash stares curiously at the earthman as she bids him to go with her and Sami to their home. She explains the Rhea words with simple gestures. Flash follows her last picture top row. Due to the moon's very light gravity, the huge Rhea's rope along with 50-foot leaps. Flash manages to keep up with them, but his gasping lungs burn with cold fire in the ammonia-filled air. Surprisingly, it is Sami who collapses first picture bottom row as they approach the fantastic ice castle which is his home. Flash is bursting lungs with a whiff of medigas while he studies the sick and shaken giant. Kara's taunt of words is merely gibberish to Flash, but her taunt shows that she is frightened by her brother's seizure. Flash examines Sami and a quick glance at Sami's contorted features reveals to Flash that Kara has real cause for concern. The Rhea giant has caught smallpox, probably from an eskimo back on earth. Alarmed at the speed with which the illness seems to be taking effect, Flash hoists Sami to his shoulder to the castle, Flash pictures. Kara's cold glare makes it plain that she blames Flash for her brother's flight and Flash senses that if the Rhea giant dies his own life will be forfeit. Is it because it isn't his fault it's coming out that way? No, it wasn't, but sometimes people blame others just because they want to have someone to blame. All right, we'll find out what happens to Flash inside the castle next week. Now, how would you like to read Uncle Remus? Oh, yes.  Say the magic words with me. If it be hoppy, make it a habit to give us music for old Brea Rabbit. Uncle Remus says, Brea Fox and Brea Weasel was holding a confed about Brea Rabbit, who's always a silent partner. Yes, Brea Fox and Brea Weasel are thinking of a scheme of how to get rid of Brea Rabbit forever. They're out in the woods behind some bushes discussing a plan. Brea Rabbit, who is on his way home in the woods with the pale of Axel Grease, stops behind a tree and he hears Brea Weasel! We has got to eliminate Brea Rabbit once and forever! And he hears Brea Weasel say Ah, second's a motion, Brea Fox! Brea Rabbit grins and the scheme of his own pops in his mind. He goes to the creek nearby where the stone shows above the water. Brea Rabbit crosses the stones and then starts backing up across them smearing the stones with Axel Grease.  Short time later Brea Fox and Brea Weasel are coming down the road when suddenly from out of the bushes pops Brea Rabbit. He dances around saying, After him! Brea Rabbit disappears down the road like a streak of lightning. When he reaches the creek said she makes a quick turn to the left. Disappears into some bushes. And then over the top of the hill last picture top row comes Brea Fox and Brea Weasel. Come on! We'll catch him at the creek! Brea Weasel yelps. He's trapped! Down the hill they come straight for the creek. Of course they don't see Brea Rabbit hiding in the bushes. When he's out of the road Brea Fox yelps. He must have crossed the creek! Brea Weasel eats the rock yelling, After him! Suddenly the beets slip out from under them. Hey! Hey! I want my bushbar! Over there they go and land with a crash on the rocks.  Well, now that the meeting is adjourned I'll leave that chain along and Uncle Rima says the stepping stones to learning is slippery. It certainly was. Baiting the stones slippery so that when they jumped to the stones they'd fall down. It's a cute trick. Well now I'll bet you'd like to read Dick's adventure. You bet right. Very well then let's go over to the last page of the second section. Last page of the second section.  Yes, and that was in the early days of America. Dick Humsey wants Dick and his dad who are expert gunsmiths and iron workers to show his Indian braves how to repair guns. And Dick? So then Dick Humsey asked if they would teach his braves to make tools for agriculture so they could live peaceably. Yes, they did. But then one night Dick saw some British officers going into Dick Humsey's hut. But the British were enemies of the Americans at that time and I wonder if Dick Humsey's going to join the British. Well let's read right now and find out. Here we go with Dick's adventures. With me.  He has a good idea that the British are trying to turn the Indians against the Americans. And he's right. Because last picture top row of British officer is saying to Dick Humsey, gather together your young men to come there.  The only option to drive back the Americans whose only wish is to take away your ancient lands.   He ought to know the king's promises mean nothing. We went through already in 1776. Suddenly Dick Humsey is standing before them. My friends saying anything I should hear. Dick sees the British officers leaving the place. Last picture, second row. He exclaims, Dick Humsey, don't believe the king's men. They'll promise anything. Come on our side. The country's growing. It's for all people, all colors, all religions. We're all Americans. And we want you to live and work with us. Dick Humsey listens in silence and then says, we still believe in the king. But Dick Humsey, there'll be a battle here in Tippecanoe. I know, I know. And Dick continues to plead. Dick Humsey, listen, listen, listen. And then the figure of Dick Humsey fades. And before Dick's eyes, another face slowly becomes clear. It's his dad wearing the clothes of today.  His dad leans over him. Last picture saying, here, here, here.  He's been dead nearly a century and a half. You've been dreaming again. Dick had, that really happened. You bet it did. And Dick Humsey wouldn't listen to Dick. And Dick didn't want them to fight because he knew the people would be killed and he wanted the Indians to be friends of the Americans. Yes, well, we'll find out more about that next week.  I hope so. Well, we'll find that out next week. Now look underneath Dick's adventures. There's Rusty Riley. Oh, and Rusty and his friend Pete had locked them up. That's right. And at the same time that they had escaped, Sir Percival and Nobs had reached the abandoned house where they'd hidden the trophies that they'd stolen for Mr. Miles' sake. And I'll bet you they'll learn in a minute that those trophies aren't where they hid them. Oh, this is getting so exciting. Let's read now. Here we go with Rusty Riley. Gallop and run till the road is dusty. Give us music for his horse and Rusty. Rusty and Pete found an underground river that leads them out into the open. They still aren't free though. They find themselves in the canyon. Paul Walls rides on the sides of them. The only escape is declined. They make their way up. Rusty says, Now, careful now, Pete. Don't slip. This is no cinch, but it's the only way out and it's going to be real dark soon. Yeah, I'm watching my step, Rusty. They're only about 40 feet more to go. Finally, they make it. Reach the top and find themselves on level land. Rusty looks around and points. There's a farm over there. Let's head for it. They might have a phone. Meanwhile, last picture top row. In the abandoned house, Percival has been digging in a spot where he buried the trophies. Finally, he stops and explains to the sigh, Here, Naby, you dig for a while. We must have buried those trophies deeper than I thought. Nobs takes the shovel. Okay, boss. But it seems to me we're in such an area that we buried him pretty shallow. He prides around the hole a bit and says first picture, next row. Now it's no use, Push. Them two kids must have found him while we had him trapped down here. They had plenty of time. Percival grunts. Yes, maybe, Naby. But they didn't take him out of here. So they must have simply hid him somewhere else. There's nothing to do but start searching. Meanwhile, Rusty and Pete are on the road leading to the farm. A car approaches.  Maybe we can hitch a ride to that farm. Yeah, it isn't far, but the sooner we get to a phone, the better. The car pulls up beside him. The man leans out and calls. Hey, want a ride, boys? Hop in. How far are you going? Oh, we just want to get to a telephone or a hurry. Last picture, the man replies. Telephone, huh? Hey, wait a second. Sure, hop right in. You get to the telephone all right. I'm at the police station. I'm a deputy sheriff and has a statewide alarm out for two youngsters just like you. Pete explains. You mean we're arrested? Yes, he will. And now Mr. Miles and Tex will know where the boys are at last. Oh, yes, and Tex will come and help them. And then Rusty will tell him where the trophies are hidden and then they'll rush out to the old house and catch their Percival and Naby before they leave. Well, let's hope so. Now, that's all the time I have. I'll be back with some more interesting information. Well, honey, and all your boys and girls, I gotta go now. All right, Miss Leak. Okay, that's a date.  Be sure to meet me with our little friend Miss Honey next week when I read Puck the Comic Weekly. For I'm the Comic Weekly Man, the jolly Comic Weekly Man. I'll be back to read the funnies to you, happy boys and honey. Don't forget, boys and girls, see you all next week. Your friend the Comic Weekly Man, the jolly Comic Weekly Man.


Today we are talking about web search. I realized when I advertised this class I said, learn how to find exactly what you're looking for. There are some things that you can do to help yourself find what you're looking for. And I'm excited to talk about them with you today. Here is what we're gonna go over. We're gonna start by talking, just going over a few definitions, like what are some of the words that we're gonna be throwing out today? And what do they mean and how do they relate? We're gonna be talking about different ways to start a search. How to sort of understand what you're seeing on your search results. And then some tips and tricks, primarily for using Google. And I'll talk about why in a moment. And then we're gonna finish up by talking a little bit about additional places to search if you're looking for something very specific and also like ads. Okay, so let's get going. But first let's talk a little bit about what we're talking about today. We're talking, when we're doing web search we're using a browser. What is a browser? A browser is a software program that shows you websites, essentially. It's a program on your computer that you use to access the internet. So here we see a couple of sort of popular and common browsers. You probably were using one of these earlier today. Microsoft Edge, it's pretty good. Firefox, Google Chrome. If you have a Mac, you're probably using Safari.  We're gonna talk about that a little bit more later. But it does block ads and pop-ups the whole time that you're using it. So that one's kind of a crowd favorite sometimes. But that's what a browser is. And you can do an internet search in any browser. And you'll do that using a search engine. So a search engine is a little bit of a separate concept from a browser. A browser is the program that shows you web pages on the internet. The search engine is the thing you use to find the information that you want on those web pages. It's the thing that looks at all the web pages for you. And here are some popular ones. Google, it's so popular, it's a verb. Just Google it. Google has more than a 91% market share. Everybody else is fighting for that extra 9%. The reason for that is that Google has gotten pretty good. Some other ones to call out are DuckDuckGo, which is a favorite of privacy advocates. And I put Microsoft Bing on there. So how a search engine works just in broad strokes? It's not psychic. It's not a definitive answer on anything. But what each of these companies that have developed search engines do is they send little software robots, sometimes known as spiders. And they look at all the websites that everyone has posted on the internet. And they collect information about what keywords are on those websites, what information is on those websites. They're essentially creating an index to the internet, to all of the different websites that people put on the internet. So that's what's behind each of these search engines. And each of these search engines has its own formula, its own secret sauce for figuring out, okay, if this person typed in these keywords, these are gonna be the webpages that they should be offered a chance to look at. Their information, I think their information is gonna be on these webpages. And they call that the search algorithm. Those are secret. Each of these companies, any search engine company keeps their search algorithm a secret no one can know. And they change it sometimes and they update it sometimes. And the reason why they keep it a secret is because if I have a website and I know how to make my website be the top results and anybody's search, I'm gonna do that, right? I want my website caseplace.com to be the top result. So whenever anybody searches, it would come up. So that's why the search engine companies kind of keep it close to the vest. And that's also why when you search the same terms in different search engines, you may get different results. It's because they're using a different formula to help decide which webpages might be most responsive to your search query. Now, Google has, I mean, you know, has that large market share in part because they got really good at search. They paid attention to what people clicked on after they searched for stuff and they refined and refined. And at this point, search is a lot easier than it used to be. You used to have to sort of think harder about a search term. And now Google pretty much seems to know what you're asking before you even type it. And it's because of all of those sort of studies and analyzing all the data that they collected over all that time. It helps them really refine and make more accurate or, you know, more true to what you're really looking for and help them refine the search results that way. So today, we're gonna talk a little, we're not gonna talk about Microsoft Bing.  We're gonna talk a little bit about DuckDuckGo. Most of the tips and tricks we're going to be talking about today do apply to Google. Probably a lot of you are already using Google as your search engine. But it's worth knowing that there's different ones out there and depending on where you are trying to go or what the defaults are in your browser, you could be using a different search engine. And then also before we get going any further, a brief sort of overview of what's in a website address. And this is gonna come up later when we're talking about search results. Every website has a unique address on the internet. And this part is the part that sort of tells you like who they are. And then this part, the top level domain, can tell you about what kind of website that is. So every website will be something, something, something.com.org.gov.edu.net is out there. You might see .tv. There's a lot of dots, but it'll always be something, .something. And the end part, what comes after the dot, can tell you a little bit about what kind of website you're looking at. And when you see it on your search results, it'll tell you a little bit about your search results. So .com is the most common and it means it's a commercial organization. It's selling you something. It's a business. .org. Used to really mean it was a nonprofit organization. And now it, it just means it's an organization. So it doesn't mean nonprofit as much as I used to. .gov means it's a government website. .edu means that it's a website from a school. So if I'm looking for, if I want to make sure I'm getting super, super credible information, I want to make sure that I'm, say I'm searching for health information. I might be more inclined to look for health information on a website that's put up by a school or maybe by the government than I would be for health information that was put up on a website that's either trying to show me ads and make money, or is trying to actively sell me something. And that might be the .com. So just a little bit of like background on the different websites you're going to encounter when you do search. And now let's talk a little bit about search. Let's talk a little, you know, nothing, nothing in the world is scary than a live demo of internet search because it's different every time. You can sometimes Google will like A, B tests, different kinds of search results. So I'm not guaranteed to see the same thing anytime I search. But anyway, let's go. Let's do it. You guys with me? So what I've done is I've opened up an internet browser. I opened up Google Chrome, but this could happen in any internet browser. And when I'm going to start my search, there are two different places I can start. This space up here, this long horizontal oval up top. This is known as the address bar. And if I know exactly where I want to go, I can type in my web address here. For instance, I can type in SFPL.org and go directly to the library website. But I can also use this to type in search queries. So I could start my search by just typing in my keywords inside the address bar. So now I'm going to go to your second option for starting a search, which is to go to the web page of the search engine you want to use. In this case, I want to use Google. So I went to Google.com. And then you see that sort of circle bubble in the middle of the page. I can also start my search here. Now, if I have a specific web address that I want to go to, I would really want to put that up here in the address bar and not down here in the search box. Like for instance, if I know I want to go to CNN, I can search for CNN and it'll probably be the first result like it is here. But if the website is less common, if it's more specific, sometimes I just get confusing results. So I'm only bringing this up because I see this a lot. If you know the website address you want to go to, put it up top. You don't have to search for it. If you have that, google.com, sfbl.org, that's your website address that can go at the top. All right. So when I start typing in my search terms, another thing I want to point out is this long list of things that comes up below. These are suggestions. They're not required. It looks like a drop-down menu. It looks like I have to pick one of them, but I don't. These are just suggestions from the search engine. It's doing like auto-complete. It's trying to help me out. It's trying to save me time. It knows I'm looking for something and it thinks maybe I'm looking for one of these things. If I like one of these, I can select it and it'll complete the search, but I don't have to. I can just search what I want to search by typing in my terms here and then pressing Enter or clicking on the little magnifying glass. So let's take a moment to look at what you get when you do a search. I'm going to try the search Bay Area Native Plants. And then I get different things than I got last time. I get sort of a collection of different kinds of results. The first thing that it's showing me, Google kind of has a default where it sort of fundamentally thinks you want to go shopping all the time. It just assumes you want to go shopping and want to know where to go. So the first thing I'm seeing, this is nurseries that sell Native Plants based on Google Maps. If I scroll down, I'm seeing websites, listings for websites, that the Google Spiders found references to Native Plants. They found links relatives to Native Plants on there. And so those are in the search engines index as being websites that talk about Native Plants. So just looking at the two different kinds of web results here, what do I see? I see that one of them is .com. That tells me what? It tells me that it's a business. It's a nursery. They sell Native Plants. They probably have a lot of information about Native Plants on the site. But you know, heads up to me. That's a business. Fundamentally, they would like me to buy something on that website. Down here, I see this, you see this little HTTPS colon slash slash www.cnps.org. That's the website address that we were talking about earlier. And when I see that .org, that tells me, oh, that's organization that might be a nonprofit. And I do see this as a website from the California Native Plants Society. So I know that they are probably not trying to sell me anything. And I might be able to find slightly more impartial or objective information there, maybe. Scrolling down my results, I see Google has presented me some query suggestions. You know, people who did your search also did searches like this. They're helping me reformulate already in case I don't like what I'm seeing. I see more sort of traditional results, a sample picture from the page, a link that will take me to the page, a summary from the page, the URL from the page. Videos pulling from YouTube, related searches, and then more sample searches down below. So scrolling up, that's not real hodgepodge of stuff, right? Like I've got maps, I've got like shopping results, I've got images, I've got videos. When you do a search on Google, when you use Google as your search engine, it's pulling information from all of its sort of different streams of content, all the different content that it's organized for you. And so just calling your attention to this horizontal menu here below the search bubble, you can see that currently I'm on all. Right? But if I know that I'm just looking for images of Bay Area Native Plants, I can click here and it's going to refine my information. It's going to refine my search and just show me images of Bay Area Native Plants. Below each picture, I can see some information about where the caption of the photo and where the photo was hosted. This has gotten better over the years, by the way. It used to be you would see some stuff in here that wasn't relevant at all. And they've really refined this. That map content from the first search result, I can just focus in on that and look for where I can find Bay Area Native Plants, probably nurseries on a map. If I want to see news stories about Bay Area Native Plants, I can click on that tab. But that's sort of, when you're on all, you're seeing all of these streams combined together. You're seeing it all in one. But if you know that you want to sort of separate things out, you can do that too. And then the thing that I wasn't able to turn up on this search, that I'm hoping I can make pop up later, is an ad. Ads are going to be there too. Skincare is definitely going to get ads. And Mother's Day. Crazy. All right. We will see an ad together at some point during our class. And I will point it out. But ads can appear at the top of your search result. They can appear sort of in the middle. Sometimes there's like a long image of, like a long scroll bar. Whenever it's an ad, it has to say that it's an ad. That's like internet rules. It has to tell you it's an ad. It just doesn't have to make it that obvious. So when we are searching later and we encounter an ad, we'll talk a little bit about the different ways that can look. But it's worth sort of taking a moment to look at your search results and see what you've got. Because some of the things near the top may be ads. And ads are not, you know, habits might get me an ad. Yeah. Ads are not like evil. They're just trying to sell you something. That's kind of, that's part of how a lot of these free services are free is that they're selling ad space to advertisers. So it can be annoying. And you may, you know, you may decide you want to block certain kinds of cookies. You may decide that you want to adjust the settings so you see fewer of a certain kind of ad. But they're not, they're not hacking you. They're just kind of part of life on the internet. Some things to keep in mind as you are planning your search or thinking about your search, one of them is that you don't need to include the word and. Whenever your search terms, when I typed Bay Area Native Plants, Google assumes that I meant I want all of these words to be there. Back in, you know, I've been a librarian for a long time. I've been talking about internet search for a long time.  Now you don't and is implied. If you want to use or, so let's say you're searching for, I don't know, brunch or breakfast or like race or marathon, you can, you can use or, you may not need to. Google has already started sort of using synonyms for what you're searching. And it'll already, it'll already kind of like conjugate. So if you search for run, you're also going to get things that have running in them. So you really, you really kind of don't have to worry about it. But you can use the term or if you feel like it's going to help your search. It's mostly baked in, but it's available to you. You don't have to worry about spelling. It's going to correct your spelling and capitals don't matter. That's another thing you don't have to worry about. You don't have to worry about capitalizing appropriately. You don't have to worry about spelling. It's going to be fine. So that's just some like general basics. Also, librarian moment here, general basics. When I'm doing a search, you start with sort of like simple keywords, keywords that capture what you're looking for, but are not two, two, two specific. Because the more keywords you put in, the fewer results you're going to get. When you're adding in a keyword, Google, you're asking Google to find things that are relevant to that keyword and this keyword and all the keywords you put in. And so you're sort of narrowing the universe of things that you're going to see. So if you're not turning up the information that you want, it's better to think about changing your keywords than just adding more. Because more of nothing is just more nothing, right? Like you're just making it even harder for Google to find things that are responsive to what you want and have all those words. So just sort of general philosophy, I would start small and then refine. And here are some ways to refine. I'm guessing you probably have heard this one, but if you have it, it's very, very helpful. If you want an exact phrase, put that phrase in quotes. That tells Google I want these words in this order and not in any other order. And I'm going to demonstrate that in just a moment. Another one, and this is one of my favorites, is if you're searching for something and you're getting results that are about something totally different, you're going to be able to find something totally different. You can try to sort of eliminate results from a category by doing a minus sign next to a keyword. The minus sign needs to go exactly next to the word, no spaces. And that tells Google not this. It's like saying not instead of and. So let's take a look at what those look like real quick. So let's say I'm looking for something called line the walk. Maybe there's a local event. In my community called line the walk. And I want to know more about it. But based on the millions and millions of people who search for things every day, the search engine has decided that what I'm probably looking for is a Johnny Cash biopic. It sees that all of these words are in my search. And the most common thing that people are looking for when they type those words is walk the line. And it looks like the movie is really kind of dominating the search results there. So if I want to tell Google no for real, I meant line the walk. I can put it in quotes. So do you see up top how I changed the search result? That's going to that's going to tell the search engine. Okay, no really. I mean these words in this order. This is an exact quote. And so then it'll find that. Also, I forgot to mention something that I think it's good to mention. So I'm going to mention it right now, which is that the search engine knows what my IP address is, which is sort of like how my computer is connecting to the internet. And so it knows roughly where I am. It doesn't know like where I am. Like you can't like find me, but it knows generally where I am. So if I'm searching for, I want to go get a pedicure. It knows I'm in San Francisco. And it's showing me results in San Francisco. If I want to take a garden tour, it thinks I'm in San Francisco. If I want to know about garden tours somewhere else, I better tell it, I better put in that place location there. So that's just, and when you're thinking about your keywords, that's something to sort of keep in mind. Like if I don't want results that are relevant to where I am right now, I need to tell the search engine where I'm interested in. All right. So for eliminating a turn, let's say, I heard there was an earthquake in San Jose, but I'm not trying to find out about soccer. And what are these, what are these results about? These are all about soccer, right? So I'm like, oh, okay. Google is confused. There's been a misunderstanding. It thinks I want to know about the San Jose quakes, which are a soccer team. So I'm going to do a minus sign. And you see how the minus is directly up against the keyword soccer? No spaces. That's just going to throw it off. No space, just minus. And then the word you want to eliminate. You can, you can keep on adding minus terms, but usually like one or two will clear out your results for you. So San Jose earthquake, no soccer. And I still get this soccer score, which I think is sort of funny. But if I scroll down a little bit, now I'm getting results about earthquakes that were near San Jose. Recent earthquakes near San Jose. What was the last earthquake, latest earthquakes? So, okay. Removing that keyword soccer helped me. Generally, this is going to come in handy when there's like real confusion about when there's like two things with the same name. A great example for this used to be Mike Honda, the representative from San Jose, and then like Honda dealerships in San Jose. But now it's just getting really, really hard to get Honda dealerships out of the listing. But generally, when there's like people with the same name, it's not as good for refining a search. It's really good for like just unconfusing a search for, oh no, I'm getting this, but I wanted that thing entirely. Something else entirely. So you minus out the thing that's just confusing the search engine for you. We talked a little bit about what the domain endings mean. And then we tied. So there may be, there may be times when you are looking for information and you sort of want to refine the kind of website that you're getting because you want to be picky about it. You maybe don't want to make sure you're not seeing like sales and things like that. Similarly, there may be times when you're looking for information and you know it, it should come from a particular website, but it's just a really big website. You can tell Google to search within either a kind, a kind of website, or within a specific website by typing site colon and then dot the domain ending you're interested in or the domain itself that you're interested in. So for instance, let's say I want, I'm just curious, like is there a way to reverse aging? But if I type that, am I going to get ads yet? What do I have to do to get ads? If I type that on here, I'm not sure what I'm going to get. So I just, I want to refine my search reverse aging. I want to see if there's any government websites, real superficial vetted information, government websites that talk about reversing aging. So what I've done is I put reverse aging and then I did site colon dot GOV. And that got me to PubMed, which is a free government website that has health publications and health research on it. That got me to aging.ca.gov. A couple of library things. So it helped me kind of like filter out some of the more commercial, some of the more like, please buy our thing, spend money here. Results that I might have seen. Similarly, just to prove to you it works. I want to know more about Tech Week. And I think Tech Week information is going to be on the library website. So I can type in site colon SFBL.org. And then here are my results about SF Tech Week. So those are, those are a couple of more tricks. And then here comes one of my favorites. Image search. Isn't this Rose Pretty? One of my favorites. Let's say I forget what it's called. But I have this picture. What can I do? Well, I can. I've got a couple of options. I can just search like roses, red, yellow. Maybe I see the picture there. This is just random stuff. What about rose? Oh, rose varieties. Rose types, like rose varieties, right? Red, yellow. This looks more promising. What if I, what if I, oh, I know what I'll do. I'll go to images. And then I can either, frankly, I can scroll through these. You know, if I'm trying to match a picture, doing my keywords in an image search is not a bad idea. But if you're on a desktop, you have an even fancier option. You can search using the picture itself. So up here, there's the search box. And then you see that little camera icon on the right-hand side. That's giving me the option to either paste in the image website from an image hosted someplace else, or upload a photo of my own. So I'm searching on my computer. I'm selecting the file I want to upload. And now it has, it's searching Google based on the picture that I just gave it. And this has got me the correct result. This is actually called a catch-up in mustard rose. And I was able to find that information by uploading a photo of the thing I was looking for into Google images and it nailed it. I get similar images and I get straight-up information on this rose, which is actually not that common, a type of rose. So just because that's one of my favorite tricks, let's back up one more time. We went to, you won't see that option just on regular Google search, but if you go to images, last time I checked, this doesn't work on mobile. So on your phone, this would be harder to do. But on the desktop, Google, that little camera icon will be in the search bubble for you. And when you click it, you can upload a photo and search by that. Great for plan ID, great for location ID, just kind of a fun thing to know about. Other fun things to know about, Google hacks, Google tricks. Google search can provide you a lot of shortcuts you might like to know about. For instance, if I want to know what the weather is, all I really have to do is type in weather. I don't have to go to acuweather.com and look it up there. It knows my IP address, so it knows where I am. And it's showing me the weather for my location. I can switch units. So let's say three feet in meters. It'll calculate it for me. So all I have to do is get to that search bar and see what I can do. All I have to do is get to that search box and type in the units that I want to convert. And it'll be there. It'll also, I've used this more than I ever thought I would. It'll also look up flight status for you. So if you want to know if your flight is late or not, I just typed in a flight number. You do have to have the airline, I think. But now it's telling me that Southwest Flight 1536 is, looks like it's five minutes late. So there's just sort of a lot of information that's just at your fingertips there. If I don't want to do math, 75 divided by four, I'm just typing in 75 backslash four, and it'll pop up with a calculator for me. So that Google search box can save you a lot of time and it is also your dictionary. If I type define, and then the word I want, it'll find a dictionary result. And then it'll put it right up top. Okay, do you want to show them using the microphone to do a voice search? All right, let's try it. What should I search for? So over here, the search bubble. If I want to allow Google to just sort of hear my voice, so I don't have to type, I can click on the little microphone to choose search by voice. So I have to allow Google to use my microphone. Sorry, it's still talking to me over here. Let me try this again. Gray whale migration. And so when I'm doing that, it's also starting to automatically read me the results, which is very distracting on my end, but I don't think you guys can hear it on yours. But yeah, that's a nice trick for if you don't want to be typing a lump. So we're pretty close to where I wanted to get to questions, but there were two more things I wanted to talk about briefly, so I'm going to race through them if that's okay. So we covered all of those. Those are fun. One is that, so have you guys heard the term deep web? Deep web just refers to information that's hosted on the internet that may not be indexed by search engines, either because it's behind some sort of login or password protection wall, or because there's a paywall, like you need to subscribe in order to see that information, or because it's a social media account. And sometimes if you're looking for really specific stuff, a broad search may not be the best way to get what you want. So a brief overview. If you're looking for scholarly research, if you're looking for scientific papers, academic papers on stuff, Google has an excellent index of those at scholar.google.com. You may not be able to actually read them, because many of those require very, very expensive access, but you can at least see what's out there, and then maybe track it down at your local library. Similarly, actually both archive.org and Google have an index of books that you can search now. So books.google.com, you can search for information within books. They've scanned the pages of millions of books, and they're available for web search. Internet archive as well. I'm not trying to talk about Google as much as I have been today. Normally, internet archive, which is a nonprofit locally based here, has also been scanning books. And if you go to archive.org, you can search the text of those books. So that would be an example of more of a deep web thing, because they're not going to come up in your search results normally. Also, the Wayback Machine. Try this out after class. Web.archive.org will take you to the Wayback Machine. And what internet archive has been doing is periodically a few times a year, they'll capture an image of what a web page looks like. So if I want to know what sfpl.org looked like 10 years ago, I can actually find out. I can see what was on our homepage at a selection of dates by going to this website. It's super fun and kind of a trip to see like how websites have changed. So I do recommend checking that out. Web.archive.org. Also, newspapers, scholarly work, all sorts of stuff is available to you for search for free with your library card. This really is deep web. Health information, things that are not just like freely available and posted. The library has gotten access for you. So if you're looking for something very specific and you're striking out on the web, it's worth taking a look at sfpl.org forward slash articles hyphen databases, which is our databases page. So magazines, newspapers, similarly genealogy research is usually behind some kind of login or paywall. Your library card will also get you through that. And so if you're interested in that, check out our website, our resources at sfpl.org forward slash genealogy. So the summary here is that not everything is going to turn out in the first few pages of your search results. You may need to choose a more specialized resource, and many of them are available to you through the library. Okay. Can you explain the difference between the deep web and the dark web? Dark web is a shady corner of the deep web. You have to have a special browser to organize and it is or to access, and it is beyond the scope of this class. That's where the crime is. Deep web is okay. Deep web is not scary. It just means you need a password. It means that somebody is trying to charge for this content or that it's private to someone. Like your social media account would be characterized as deep web. And then real quick, ads and privacy. So when you're searching, you see ads. And when you're searching, you might be interested in your privacy. There are a couple of things that you can do to change your circumstances here. One of them is that if you're signed into Google, and this is if you have a Gmail address and you go to manage my account, there's a setting in there to turn off ad personalization. And that just means that stop using information you've collected about me to show me targeted ads for shoes. I personally see many ads for shoes. And they're right. I want to see those ads for shoes. But if that's just bothering you, you can turn it off in Google. In any browser that you're using, including in Google Chrome, which I am currently using, in the upper right hand corner of your browser, there's going to be some kind of menu. It may look like three vertical dots. It may look like three vertical lines. Every browser will have something there. If you click it, you will see something for settings. And then you will see something for privacy and security. If you go to cookies and other site data, you will see your options for what kind of cookies can be put on your computer. What's a cookie?  Some of them are what makes a website function effectively. The third-party cookies are the ones that follow you around the internet and show you ads for things you looked at a minute ago. Has that ever happened, you guys? You're looking for gardening supplies someplace. And then two websites later, you see an ad for the very same garden thing you were looking at a minute ago. And you're like, oh, that's a third-party cookie. You can tell your browser to just either block all cookies, which that's going to make websites not work as well. Websites really do use cookies in order to retain your login information if you logged in or remember where you've been on the site. The third-party cookies are the ones that follow you around. Those are the ones you probably want to block. So again, three dots in the upper right-hand corner. Settings, privacy and security. We did this in Google Chrome. Whatever browser you were using is going to have a very similar path to get to that information. Time to talk about Doc.Go. Doc.Go is a search engine that you can use. And it doesn't allow little websites to put little trackers on your computer. It completely forgets about whatever you just searched. It doesn't retain any information about searches. It's a very privacy-forward browser. It's totally free for you to use. You can get to it by going to doc.go.com. You may have seen ads for it. It's friendly and you can use it in whatever browser you want to use. Let me see if I can make it show me an ad. Ah, finally got an ad. I'm excited. All right. So here you see this?  That's how I can tell this is an ad. On doc.go. Also here says report ad. I guess that's our way of saying, hey, this is an ad. Here's another report ad. And then here are my search results that are not an ad. The ads have to tell you that they are ads, but they will do it in a very small way. On Google, it tends to be over here on the left-hand side. I'm going to try one last time to make Google show me an ad. I swear every time I do this class, I see plenty of ads. And then as soon as it's time for class, no more ads. So rough, it's like it knows. Okay. And then the last thing is that the brave browser, I mentioned that a little bit earlier, blocks ads, blocks cookies, extraordinary. They've also come up with a search engine. It's what they call it in beta, which means they're not promising that it works perfectly right now. But it will, by definition, never show you an ad. Just no ads. And you can see the results are pretty different. So, but if you really hate ads, and you never want to see another ad, check out Brave, the Brave browser, search.brave.com. And that was just unclear right there. There is a browser. There's a whole browser for that. Or if you don't want to download the browser, you can go to search.brave.com and get a lot of the benefits of just an ad-free existence. But the search may not be as good. That's the trade-off. So much later than I intended. I'm sorry, but we're finally at question. When you're looking for something that may be in a public database or something that may be available for free, but you get items or search results that are paid search results or search results that you have to pay in order to use people trying to profit on the service. And my response is simply going to be that there's no way to change the ordering that the search engine gives, but you should look for a .gov or a .org top-level domain and pass by the .coms in order to find the free option more easily. Yeah, I'm a big fan of .org and .gov. Here's a question in the chat. If you deny cookies, can you still look at that website? Yes, generally, but it just may not work quite as well. Some of those non-third-party cookies are kind of foundational to how the website operates. And so it may not do its best job for you. You should still be able to view the website.