be the human mic stand so that's what that's what we only have one microphone so that's what's happening here just wanted to explain so I'm Pamela Chastek I am an attorney from the United States I'm Andrew Katz I'm a lawyer from the UK and I advise a lot of free and open source software companies hi my name is Mikaela McDonald and I teach at University in London Queen Mary and what jurisdictions do you oh yes and I'll be looking at civil law traditions so I propose this talk because you know we kind of it's kind of this always the to me it's the elephant in the room is this is a licensor a licensor contract or these open source licenses licensor contracts and it occurred to finally occurred to me that the answer is probably different under different legal systems and so I thought well why don't we figure out the answer this question and I'm happy to say that in putting together this panel and working with these panelists it turns out the answers really different and different jurisdictions so I'm glad we did this little exercise so I'm going to start with it I'm going to start from a US perspective and then we'll do the UK perspective and then we'll do I'm sorry the English English perspective and then and then we'll do the EU perspective so from the US perspective we have there's this a license is not it's not a thing it's a grant of permission to use a copyrighted material and it can either be express written or oral or it can be implied in conduct it is and all it is a license in the United States is simply a defense to an infringement so if you are accused of infringement you can say I have a license and as long as your behavior is within the scope of whatever that whatever that expression is whether it be written or whether it be oral or whether it be by conduct as long as you can show your conduct fell within that then you have a license defense and you're not an infringer so in a contract is a different concept altogether and a contract is an agreement between two people it's it requires an offer and acceptance and mutual consideration meaning that both parties gain a benefit from this relationship now it's it is has been established in the US there's a little bit of jurisprudence in the US it has been established that for open source licenses this consideration for the on the part of the offer or on the part of the of the license or of the software the benefits include generating market share for their programs increasing their national or international reputation or improving a product so so from the license or perspective in the US that is consideration that is the benefit for you granting this license so what we have in the United States is you can it be so this to me would be and I'm using the I'm using the word bear license because it is a term that's used sometimes it's not really a term used in the United States or understood in the United States but I would say that a bear license is simply an agreement for a license that has nothing else and then you but you can typically a license is going to have a lot of different things going on so they obviously if you've gathered my analogy here the yellow pepper is the copyright license but often the contract will have many other components to an agreement will have many other components and in the US what this turns on the question then becomes when you have this written document that has a lot of obligations in it which ones of those are conditions of the license meaning if you have not met those conditions you don't have the copyright license or which of them are our other requirements within the agreement but but not a condition on the license so for so for example so an example of a condition is there the courts will look at words and they'll look at words and here you can see you may consider this is from the GPL you may convey a work provided that you also meet all of these conditions well that's pretty clearly stated what it is that's going to be the conditions for the copyright license an example of of what what might be a condition on a copyright license would be you may not create a derivative work contrasted with a covenant that is not part which is maybe in the same agreement but not part of not a condition on the license would be you're not allowed to disparage the licensor so that has nothing to do so that may have nothing to do with the copyright grant and so for if you so again back to if I fail to meet the conditions of my license I'm a copyright infringer but if I simply fail to meet a covenant if I disparage that website owner that may not affect the copyright license and is apart from the copyright license in this comprehensive document that may be more about more than just a copyright license so in looking specifically at some licenses I looked for that the shortest license I could find the one that I thought might be most what I could characterize as a bear license that really is just about copyright and nothing else and I came up with and the shortest one I could find is the fair license which is this which just says clearly permission to use the work and then the disclaimer the works are without warranty and the next license I thought about was the BSD 3 clause which I'm not going to which you can't read from that slide the slides are all on the website by the way and so in under US law when I look at it I think okay this concept of a bear license is the fair license a bear license is it just about a copyright license and nothing else I have question marks maybe that extra warranty language that extra disclaimer language maybe that isn't part of the copyright license but this is the only one that I would say might fit in that category sort of bear license and not a contract the BSD that the aspect of the BSD that I looked at and said okay well this is this is back to my concept of conditions or covenants the BSD was let me find the language the BSD huh yeah you won't be able to read it but yes there we go actually thank you because it was easier than finding my piece of paper so number three now that the name of the copyright holder the nor the name of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software that had really has nothing to do with the copyright grant so I looked at that thought that's probably a contractual condition not a covenant I'm sorry a condition it's not a condition of the of the license grant that is a contractual covenant and this then is agreement a contract between two parties so under US law I say bear license maybe on the fair license but basically they're all contracts we really I think we're gonna have to save questions to the end because we have three people at very short time okay brilliant thank you very I'm gonna come over here so I can press the button so thanks Pam I like being a human like Sam okay that works yeah so I'm talking specifically about English law which covers the law of England and Wales and I'm assured by one of my Northern Irish colleagues that the law is going to be interpreted the same in Northern Ireland as it is in England and Wales not Scotland so we're not covering Scotland which is much more of a civil law jurisdiction so just really look at the different sorts of contracts that we have a proprietary software license is typically a bilateral contract so that means that there are rights and obligations on both sides it means that it's the sort of complex contract the pan was talking about about earlier and you know I don't really propose to analyze that much much further but free and open source software contracts tend to fall into a different category and if we look at what a bear license is from an English law perspective it's basically a promise not to enforce rights that you may have such as copyright but the problem is that if it's not enshrined in a contract that keeps it active it means that the person making the promise is effectively able to withdraw it at any time which makes it fairly useless for anyone relying on it and the courts understood that this was a fairly unfair scenario so they came up with the concept of a stop all that means that if somebody grants a license and then you rely on that license then they're no longer allowed to revoke it it's slightly more complicated that than that but that that's basically that basically the situation now there is a halfway house here there is this concept of a unilateral contract so the sort of contract I mentioned before bilateral contract is one where there are promises mutual promises given on both sides a unilateral contract is a contract where a promise is only given on one side but the other party acts in such a way as to make it binding and the classic example is this case with a wonderful name of Carl Lille and the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company and basically the promise was that they advertised that they would pay 100 pounds to anyone who used their product and if they contracted the flu later and this is very very widely advertised so it's Victorian case that won't surprise anyone particularly so the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company advertised that anyone who did get flu could get in touch with them and they would be paid this hundred pounds and this was this was backed up by they deposited some of money in a bank and they're obviously very very serious about this now I haven't researched what the Carbolic Smoke Ball is because I think it probably be disappointed with the reality I always have in mind that it's like some sort of toxic smoke grenade which is full of all sorts of noxious agents possibly radium this sort of thing Mrs. Carl Lille was using this thing on a daily basis and on the upside these noxious agents failed to kill her on the downside the noxious agents failed to kill the influenza virus and she caught influenza and probably even more unfortunately they also failed to kill her husband who happened to be a trial lawyer so once she recovered from her influenza she started a court case against the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company and she won her hundred pounds which was a lot of money in those days this was before the Brexit vote so the court case involved quite a lot of argument around offering acceptance and communication and acceptance and offering so on and so on and so forth but the upshot of it was that the court wanted to construct a mechanism by which Mrs. Carl Lille had a means of effectively suing the Smoke Ball Company to get the hundred pounds out of them and this is basically why they invented this idea of unilateral contract so free software license is different so if Mrs. Carl Lille had been using software under the GPL there are no circumstances in which she actually needs an enforceable right against the copyright owner the only thing that could happen is that if she happens to be using the software within the scope of the GPL and the copyright owner tries to sue her for doing that for copyright infringement then she can put up a shield and say no I'm complying with these conditions go away you can't do this so there aren't any circumstances in which she's going to initiate a claim now it's also worth bearing in mind that if Mrs. going back to the Smoke Ball example of Mrs. Carl Lille used her Smoke Ball incorrectly there's no way that the Smoke Ball Company would have any claim against her and for them it would just be a shield against if she tried to claim the hundred pounds they could say no you're not allowed the hundred pounds because you didn't use the Smoke Ball every day as directed so there's no need for contract there's no need for contract in the GPL example so the fundamental question is is it actually necessary to imply a contract and the answer to that is no and this is where I rely on an English case called Robin Ray and Classic FM and I won't go into the into the facts in any depth there but the courts came to the conclusion that if it's going to be implying terms into contracts it can only imply those terms to the extent that they're necessary and no more so my argument is that surely that applies to contracts themselves if you can obtain the full legal effect required without implying a contract at all if the concept of bare license is sufficient to enable you to do that then why do you need to imply a contract at all so really looking at the grid again I mean I sort of now I'm actually prepared to be persuaded more slightly by Tam's argument on the BSD but I still think my argument still holds that each of those licenses can be interpreted in such a way that's entirely consistent with the concept of a bare license and there's no necessity to imply a contract there there are some question marks around GPL I think there should only be one question mark I got a bit overexcited and put three in and this is for the really sort of non legal idea that there is obviously wording inside GPL that actually says there's no need to accept this license etc it talks about acceptance but it's almost the fact that it's it's ejecting so much that acceptance isn't required that the court is bound to be awkward and say well actually that means it probably is but some you know that's just reference to the idiocy of judges really so that's it for English law now on to other jurisdictions should pin that on or should I hold it no it's fine is that better yeah okay right so just to go also focusing on the main differences between US English and the civil law tradition and I'll be talking about civil law tradition in general looking at EU obviously there are multitude of different legal systems and there is no scope to go into all of them in details I'm just focusing on some general legal principles and basically the main difference is that software licenses proprietary or FOSS would be interpreted as contracts there is no such an independent concept of of their license or of a specific legal category that would apply to open source licenses the license itself therefore needs to meet all the relevant contractual legal requirements we would be looking at offer and acceptance the main difference between common and civil law principles is that in civil law the focus is on the parties obligations rather than on the parties promises like it is in common law that is why you would have the option of both unilateral and bilateral contracts where your unilateral will would create obligations that would be enforceable so again the idea of donation or gift creating an enforceable contract but in this specific context we would look at whether all the requirements are there the license again would be seen as an agreement whether licensor grants the licensee permission to perform certain acts that goes to beyond the copyright and when sort of looking at the different licenses whether there is a concept of bare license whether it is a contract again the answer is it is a contract there are a number of cases especially in Germany that sort of tested the validity and enforceability of clauses under the GPL and the court has confirmed in both cases one was the for example the belt versus sitecom Deutschland GmbH and the other one also involved and dealing Germany where the court has confirmed that these clauses are enforceable and enforceable under copyright and are valid in terms of again the oh does some slides missing I didn't I thought there were more of the grits you know comparing we'll do those next oh right yeah oh okay we can go we can go there yeah we can go there if you're ready to talk about them so so we also there are some additional slides that we won't have time to go through individually oh sorry yeah so there are some individual slides at the disclaimer you know we could we could be wrong because we this is just individual opinions of individual lawyers but just some very quick slides and just jump in if you want to say something so so just we have this sort of taxonomy of you know bare licensee unilateral contract bilateral contract some basic facts about each of those under the legal system so you can see under the EU there is no such thing as a bare license we are they are these revocable or not uh is one of the slides as I said these are on the website so you're welcome to pull these slides down um which concept in particular were you did you want to um I just want to say that obviously the difference but yes um then the difference in the interpretation would lead to different legal effects so as it is a contract there would have to be certain elements present you would be looking at whether uh there was an offer whether there was an acceptance again civil law does not hang on to the concept of consideration so that is not relevant but requires uh other formalities whether the license for oh sorry the contract was agreed for legal purpose whether the party was capable of entering into contract and so forth um and uh you would be looking at whether for example in the licensing chain all these formalities have been met whether it is possible sometimes to identify all relevant parties in the licensing chain and therefore there has been a valid contract concluded so that would be the difference between looking at um the license agreement from the perspectives of bare license or a contract perspective of common law or civil law as it to the legal effects that the contract would have yes so just some summary slides here so we had so a third party beneficiary is can a user enforce this contract particularly for the gpl so the person who has not received the source code who should have received the source code is that person able to make a claim that they're entitled to it does this contract allow that that's one concept that's uh very interesting um specific performance means can you get the the the licensee who is not performed can you oblige them to perform or instead can you simply force them to pay damages for their non-compliance what remedy is available specific performance being as it sounds performance versus just a payment of damages and the uh legal costs whether or not the um the which party may be whether a party may be entitled to recover their legal costs also a contract concept and um excluding liability whether it's legally feasible impossible sometimes one is not allowed to exclude liability and so these are so again sorry that we don't have time to go through all of these concepts but they are uh they are there for you to look at and we have I think four minutes for questions first hand yeah yeah so um I'll get so the question was can I give a walkthrough on why I believe that the third paragraph of the BSD is a covenant and not a condition so that's a very narrow so it's a narrow reading so part of it is sort of the structure of the license it doesn't use the sort of magic language the second is that there is some law in the United States that says that conditions have to apply specifically to the copyright grant so um not to use a name and advertising has nothing to do with copyright whatsoever so some courts may interpret that and say therefore it's a condition not a it's therefore a covenant not a condition second question yep um yes that's why I picked the three um so again to the extent that bear license so again this is oh sorry the question is so the difference between the BSD two clause and the three clause is exactly that paragraph that I that I cite to which is why I use the three clauses as an example and the question is is the BSD two clause of bear license again back to that's really not a concept under U.S. law that you know so so is that you know are all of those conditions of the copyright grant possibly you also have the disclaimer of warranty which may affect it too I think most courts would just look at it and say it's a contract and and you know the fairly the fair the fair license was the only one that I could kind of look at and say that's really nothing there but the copyright but discussion of the copyright grant another question uh Jelaine yeah so I so so let me let me clear so the question is isn't it both and the answer is yes it's always both so to the extent that to the extent that a contract contains a copyright license then it is both now the difference is if what has had if I've breached my license so remember it's a defense so that if I don't meet the conditions for the defense to say I'm not an infringer I am an infringer and I and therefore the licensor may be entitled to copyright damages um if the if the breach of the license if the breach of the agreement is unrelated to the copyright license I may not be in breach of the license I may still have the copyright defense but my offense is something else related to the contract say for example I disparaged you then I'm entitled to my contract remedy for um disparagement so you can recover both types of remedies under the agreement you just can't have duplicative recovery um let me see let me get I'm going to do this question here yes yes now obviously he's also got his language in it which tries to make it very much clearer than just a bare license yeah um is it possible that you might be able to so right okay to summarize the question um so as far as the GPL is concerned um then uh its stated intention is to secure rights fees of the software um and the reality is that's contained in preamble so I think we'd agree that's some non contractual part so the question is would the courts interpret that purposefully um to uh to to try to um create a situation where um licensees are able to enforce so um any recipient of the software for example um could claim um against um somebody upstream who wasn't providing the source code um for example to do that um my personal um view is that's difficult to do um I mean I think it's an interesting argument part of the problem is that there's a number of different ways of complying um in order to get specific performance the court is going to have to choose you know what mode of compliance is the appropriate one um and um I don't think any court is ever going to want to do that um so the courts are very very uncomfortable about um about applying the specific performance anyway and if you're going to look at a purposive approach which is something that um is fairly alien to English courts anyway it's much more of a civil law concept um then you would bring in the whole of the concept of the you know free software foundation's view that it's only the copyright holders that should be able to um enforce rather than the uh rather than the recipients of the software um I think it'd be a slightly sort of scary concept I think if the recipients were able to enforce but there's a possibility that you know under German law I understand it was a possibility that that might happen in Germany but it's less likely to happen in England I think I think Jim's Jim had his hand up or do you want to cede your question no I want to hear Jim's question yeah I'm trying to I'm trying to make sure I understand it so you're saying someone hasn't complied with the license yeah that the license is revoked that's you know that's a really fascinating question that we actually discussed at dinner last night and and I will and I will command you to um what was the case I was just reading oh artifact software which actually does have a discussion on the automatic this is a sort of thrust is the automatic termination versus termination versus I don't know if that's but that um I would so if if we're just putting so we're just talking about the conditions to the copyright license we're not talking about the contract we're just talking about the license I'm just going to stick to the license so um so I I do think I do think that um if you I do think that if if you are meeting the condition to me I look at it and say am I meeting the conditions of the license do I have the defense now it doesn't say yesterday was I meeting them it is at the time I am accused do I have a defense and am I in compliance with those conditions and that's that to me seems like yes or no so I can come into I could have been out of compliance but I wasn't accused of infringement at that point in time so it was a moot point it only matters when I'm accused of infringement at that point in time am I in compliance or not I don't know if that has that answered your question I put a fine point on are you want to the license has terminated um that's yeah so the question is can you say that the license is revoked due to this um non-compliance that's a question of state law which will vary from state law from from state to state what are the opportunities what are the what are the what are the situations under which one can terminate an agreement so yeah


Over the weekend, we have seen Donald Trump supporters increasingly ramp up their efforts to intimidate voters across the country with the most high-profile case being this viral video where Trump supporters in multiple vehicles literally ran a Biden campaign bus out of the state of Texas. I'm about to run out of gas, which I'm sure some of you would love. Shit! Look at that! Now the Biden campaign, because of this, literally had to cancel an event in Texas. Now if this was just some like impromptu protest when they saw the Biden campaign bus, I think that that's fine, right? Nobody cares if you're going to protest politicians. In fact, we should be protesting politicians, but this was a coordinated effort to intimidate the Biden campaign to get them to leave the state of Texas. That is something very different, something much more nefarious than protesting politicians. This is intimidation, suppression of the opposition forcibly. And this isn't a new phenomenon, as this Twitter user points out, saying, I'm in East Texas. Since about September, we've been subjected to these tactics. For instance, every weekend, they have a MAGA parade through town.  It's designed to intimidate us. And he's 100% correct. This is specifically designed to intimidate voters, intimidate people who don't fall in line and support Donald Trump. And it's not something that's unique to Texas. As you can see from this tweet here, there are cars in New York driving around with an anti-fascist on their hood to signify them, I guess, running over anti-fascists. So you know, this is them signaling their support for violence of the opposition. And also in New York, Trump supporters literally blocked and completely shut down Mario Cuomo Bridge.  These are the same people who tell us that we should run over protesters who block traffic. But now, they're literally shutting down a bridge. And in New Jersey, Trump supporters completely shut down Garden State Parkway. So it's okay for them to shut down highways. They're just being patriotic and showing their love and appreciation for the president. But when Black Lives Matter protesters do that, they celebrate when cars drive through them. This is what we're dealing with now. Now in this next video that I'm going to show you, we don't have the context as to why this altercation happened, but basically a group of Trump supporters circled a 20-year-old girl and what happened was horrifying. They're blocking me in. That's fine. They're blocking me in. The patriots followed me. This is their true colors. I want everyone to know they came. This is a hate crime. They're coming up to my car right now. I'm not scared. If I was scared, I would have left. I need everyone to see this. That's why I'm chilling right here. For what? You call me? What? Yeah, you are me. I got all of you. This is a kid. For you, myself. Oh, my God.  Ew. You came strapped up like that for a 20-year-old female?  For a female, bro. For a female. Oh, an old man. Get up to us. Come get it. Come get it? Are you saying come get it? For a female. Hey! What? She's a female? Right here. No, so you guys can jump me, so you can jump me? It's a toast for me.     On my phone.  They boxed her in. They yelled at her. They called her racial slurs. They were trying to get her to come out of the car. They were confronting her. I mean, presumably they were trying to fight her. Now, I don't know, again, what happened, what led to this. Maybe she yelled something at them. You know, one of them was saying, I want to talk to you about what Black Lives Matter means. So maybe she yelled Black Lives Matter when she saw the trucks. Maybe she flipped them off. I don't know. But whatever she could have done, would that really warrant them trying to box her in to a parking lot so where she can't leave? And they confront her and they can seem as if they're going to physically harm her. Is that really warranted? Is there anything that she could have said to warrant this type of behavior?  Whenever they do something like this, he cheers it on. So in response to the Trump convoy driving a Biden campaign bus out of Texas, he tweeted out that video and he said, I love Texas. And he also then joked about it facetiously at a campaign event. It is something.  So his bus, they had hundreds of cars, Trump, Trump, Trump and the American flag. That's it. You see Trump and American flag. Do you ever notice when you see the other side? I don't even see much of the other side. They were just protecting his bus.  But because it's his supporters and they're intimidating other voters and they're also trying to forcibly suppress the opposition at the behest of Donald Trump, well, he loves it. And it's not just Donald Trump who's cheering on this type of behavior. It is other Republicans who openly celebrate this as well. Listen, I saw yesterday a video of these people in Texas. Did you see it? All the cars on the road with the. We love what they did. But here's the thing. They don't know we do that in Florida every day. We love it. We love what they did and they do it in Florida every day again. If the left were doing this, we know exactly how Republican Party politicians would react. We see the way that they act whenever they think that protesters aren't being civil enough. But when they have their people literally driving the opposition party out of a state intimidating the campaign bus of the Biden campaign, shutting down highways, it's fine. There's a double standard here. When they do it, it's not violent. When we do it on the left, when we protest, well, by definition, we're bad because our protest is illegitimate and anything that they do to promote Donald Trump is good. So you have to understand that this isn't just like some unique phenomenon that will only occur because of Donald Trump and the 2020 election. Even if Donald Trump is defeated, fascism isn't just going to disappear. It's going to be here for a while because the Republican Party isn't just a far right party or a proto-fascist party. They have become officially a fascist party because one of the hallmarks of fascism is forcibly suppressing your opponents. And they are now doing that and sitting members of the Republican Party are cheering them on when they foster this environment where their opposition can't even hold a campaign event without intimidation, without armed militia members showing up to scare them out of the state. I mean, this is fascism. And we've seen this happen a lot more in more rural areas of the country when there would be these more small-scale Black Lives Matter protests during the height of the George Floyd protests. And you would see members of far-right pro-Trump militias show up, stand there with guns, to intimidate the peaceful Black Lives Matter protesters. And police officers would let them do it and, you know, they'd oftentimes coordinate with cops in many instances, including in Oregon, in rural areas of Oregon. It's happening everywhere. This is fascism. And historians are warning that if we don't stop this fascism right now, then there's going to be a point where it's too late. We will reach a tipping point, a point of no return, where we're no longer a democracy. We're just a flat-out authoritarian regime. And as Brett Wilkins of Common Dreams explains, over 80 historians of fascism and authoritarianism from around the world signed an Open Letter Sunday warning that American democracy is an existential peril and urging people to take action now before it's too late to save it. Regardless of the outcome of the United States election, democracy as we know it is already imperiled, the letter opens. Whether Donald J. Trump is a fascist, a post-fascist, a populist, an autocrat, or just a bumbling opportunist, the danger to democracy did not arrive with his presidency and goes well beyond November 3, 2020. It continues. The letter notes that while democracy appeared to be flourishing everywhere in the years following the end of the Cold War, today it seems to be withering or in full-scale collapse globally. As scholars of 20th century authoritarian populism, fascism, and political extremism, we believe that unless we take immediate action, democracy as we know it will continue in its frightening regression, irrespective of who wins the American presidency in early November, the author is right. I've been an election observer in broken authoritarian countries and let me tell you, Trump's behavior would be swiftly and unequivocally condemned by all international election monitors if it was happening elsewhere. Brian Klass, a political scientist at the University College London tweeted last month, he is behaving like the despots past presidents condemned. Ann Berg, a history professor at the University of Pennsylvania, whose grandparents were Nazis in Germany, warned earlier this month that the US is in a rapid descent towards fascism. People need to be aware of the risks we are facing right now, Berg told the Philadelphia Inquirer. So, this goes deeper than Donald Trump. This is deeper than Donald Trump. Look at the GOP's efforts to undermine this election. Look at the way that the Republicans in Texas tried to invalidate more than 100,000 ballots in Harris County. All around the country, we are seeing the GOP suppress the votes, try to make sure that less and less people vote, and forcibly suppressing their opposition is one of the hallmarks of fascism. And we are seeing this in the open now to where, you know, when one of their support groups intimidates voters, intimidates their opposition, they're celebrating it. They're cheering it on. So what these historians are saying is this could be the beginning of the end. We could devolve into an authoritarian regime if we don't stop it. So what do we do? They say that there's still time left. There's some hope, right? So what do we do to stop fascism? Well, they say we can stop it by boldly and unapologetically safeguarding critical thinking based on evidence, including by supporting investigative journalism, science and the humanities and freedom of the press, securing commitments from corporate media, organizations and governments to tackle the dangers of misinformation and media concentration. Good luck with that. Building coalitions organized across differences of race, class, gender, religion and caste, and respecting the perspectives and experiences of others, revealing and denouncing any and all connections between those in power and those vigilante and militia forces using political violence to destabilize our democracies, being prepared to defend pluralism and democracy against the growing dangers of communal violence and authoritarianism at the ballot box, but if necessary also through nonviolent protest in the streets, defending the integrity of the electoral process and ensure the widest possible voter turnouts, not just in this election, but in every election, large and small in all of our hometowns, recommitting to a global conversation on support for democratic institutions, laws and practices both within and between our respective communities. Now, I don't mean to be too cynical, but when I hear this, I think, yeah, this isn't going to stop fascism. We've been protesting. That's not going to stop fascism. We've been calling out the relationship between militias and our elected officials, white supremacist groups like the Proud Boys and their connection to police departments, and nothing's happening. Because we've devolved so far into fascism, they're just suppressing these protest movements. I mean, we saw how Bill Barr, Trump's attorney general, literally gasped peaceful protesters just to clear the path so Trump can have a photo op. So it's almost like we're past the point of no return, but what do I know? Because these are the experts. So they clearly know more about it than me. But one thing that I do find persuasive is if there is this coalition, you know, this anti-racist union, anti-fascist union across the country that forcefully denounces this. If we can somehow defeat Donald Trump and really delegitimize fascism and fascist politics, maybe that can do it. I don't know though, because it seems as if with how far we've crossed into fascist territory, it's really difficult to put the cat back in the bag. Like once you've opened Pandora's box, how do you close it? That's the question. So when I see all of this with Trump supporters, like do you think that fascism and the threat of fascism is just going to go away if Donald Trump goes away? The end of the Trump era is not going to mark the end of fascism. It will continue and somebody else will pick up the torch once Donald Trump is gone. So this should worry everyone. We should be educating people who we know in our personal lives if they support Donald Trump. Let them know that the GOP has become increasingly fascistic. And if we don't stop, then we're not going to have a democracy left. Like we talk about how democracy is already like dying and declining in the United States. If you even want to argue that we were a thriving democracy from the get go, but whatever hope we had, what progress we've made towards democracy in this country is being undone before our very eyes. And this is something that we have to take seriously. Anyone who has studied political science, comparative politics, the historians, they know that what we're seeing is the breakdown of democracy, the beginning of the breakdown of democracy. But there can only be so much that happens. So much erosion of our democratic institutions before it's too late and you can't undo the damage that's been caused. So we have to do what we can to stop fascism before it's too late.


Hello and welcome to this new moon meditation in February 1st 2022 as we've left the last couple of days in Mercury Retrograde which has probably been zapping your energy and making it seemingly impossible to move forward since the middle of January. You'll be thrilled now to know that there's a whole new vibe that's coming your way. It's ability right from off the bat for the first month is going to bring in a new moon which is fixed with the air sign Aquarius. A new moon is the astrological counterpoint. It illuminates, it's illuminated by the sun but from our perspective on earth the new moon is hosted by a deep dark black slate sky. And the new moon is very much there to offer you. The opportunity is a visioning board to have that clear space to bring the things in the chapters you'd like to write, the book you'd like to open. And the fixed air sign Aquarius symbolises that this is a time now for change. It's a time for networking, it's a time for collaboration coming together with people. People who are like-minded, people who you have that resignation with. It's a time to be generally progressive, future-minded, humanitarian and social. It's there to adopt and amplify the platonic relationships and create things really that you know really resonate with them and they march and they sound to the beat of your drum. As we know in our lives that a plenty of knows but now is a time for you to really look forward, remove those limitations and boundaries and commit yourself to you and to you going forward. It's a time now to turn in and direct yourself and really allow a lot of the self-reflection to disappear. It no longer serves you. The habits of the past could only cause problems for the future. Getting clear on your hopes and dreams and strengthen the belief in yourself is a way to have a promising path forward. This moon is very community-orientated. It challenges you to reflect on the people who give you energy and the ones that don't. And the friendships that are worthy of your energy and the ones that are no longer. It's time for you to break free. It's time for you to really move forward into this much more lunar energetic state and understand what you'd like to manifest now can be the wishes of your everyday reality.  If you're doing this meditation in the darkness of the new moon, I want you to take a deep breath in.  And as you breathe out, you feel yourself just sinking into this wonderful space, allowing the new moon vibration to allow you to put your ideas out to the universe, the dream big to create actions towards your goals and embrace the potent energy of a new moon. It's time for you to manifest your sole purpose. When you take a deep breath in, I want you to hold it for a second, but this time I want you to bring your awareness to your soul, to your higher self, to your heart, to that place that creates calm, that has love, has faith, it's a place with no fear, it's a place of compassion, it's a space where you can be yourself, unconditional.  Feel yourself just settling in, feeling calm, feeling blessed, feeling loved.  There looks to be a million stars around you, there's no moon, you can't see it. It creates this wonderful space, this beautiful charcoal grey all around you, the perfect canvas to project everything that you would like and more over this coming month. And as you sit in this deck chair looking out at the stars, I would like you to say to yourself and fill the gap, in the next month I would like to bring more what into my life. Fill the gap yourself, but you're sat on that chair looking up to the stars sending out your manifestation, in the next month I would like to bring more what into my life. And just see the stars twinkle as you send out that manifestation, see them aligning bringing back the universal energy of love and faith. And as you feel that energy returning to you, just say to yourself, this month I hope that that, what is that? What would you like to happen this month? What do you hope for this month? What are you hoping happens? What are you hoping appears? What are you hoping that the universe brings to you? This month I hope that and send out your manifestation, send out your thoughts to that beautiful canvas in front of you.  What do you need this month? Send it out there, what boundaries are you setting for yourself? What boundaries are you putting between yourself and the people around you?  Ask the universe for what you need at this new moon and stand in that power. This month I need what? Just follow your breathing and let's really push some manifestation out there now in this beautiful February new moon, the moon of Aquarius. And my wildest dreams on this earth is to what? Say to yourself, my wildest dream on this earth is to what? And give yourself permission, give your permission to see what you desire right now, the biggest, the wildest dream that you have inside you. It doesn't matter if you think it's unattainable, it feels or seems whatever it is, don't hold back, release the fear, release the expectation, release the judgement.  And how are you going to get there? Why not think of three actions that will start you on your journey towards your dream? Think about that, send those actions, send the things that you need to do to start you on this journey. Often we look at the distance between where we are now and our wildest dreams and that space and that gap can feel very intimidating and I encourage you not to compare where you are now to where you dream yourself to be. Just let your dream inspire you, let your dream just take the next few steps in that direction. Don't look up at the staircase, focus on the step in front of you and give it everything you have. What little steps you can take this month to move in the direct direction of your dream. Is there a conversation you need? Is there a course you need to unroll? Is there a routine you need to adhere to? What do you need to do but take some time to really visualise the actionable steps to move you on your way? And visualise yourself achieving this dream and when you move towards that achievement of being and imagining the dream fulfilling and coming true, how do you feel? See that manifestation happening, how does it feel? What words come to your mind when you think about moving towards reaching the dreams of yours? How does it make you feel? What words come to mind? If you're not feeling much just take a few more deep breaths and see your dream again. There are no limits to the dreams you can have. Just as long as you're honest with yourself and you give yourself permission to believe it is possible. You don't need to know how or when it will happen. You just need to think about what your dream is and then it will happen. With your eyes closed now you're going to imagine it to be true. Your wildest dream, the one you're drawn to most. Our bodies are objective and really can tell the difference between thoughts of something happening and the reality of something happening so the reactions within our body are the same if you truly tune your thoughts and visions into that dream. The power lies in the fact that you consciously raise your vibrations to the frequency of your dream and when you continue to vibrate at this frequency your dreams and steps will become more to you. We know that when we vibrate on a certain frequency we attract things of that frequency. Just feel that energy. You can see yourself sat there with everything going on around you. The stars are aligning, your manifesto is taking place, you can feel and sense it. You know that February is going to be the month for you.  You must just start by believing.  No more procrastination, no more thinking. Today's your first step forward and take it with the love and joy that the universe is all around you. Send your thoughts out to the fifth dimensional vibration that you know will bring back everything that you so desire, everything that you want that has integrity and love based around it. When you're ready you can just take a deep breath in, wriggly fingers and come back into the ring. Thank you for joining me and I hope that you have a wonderful new moon this evening. This meditation can be used anytime, not just for a new moon. If you want to manifest and align your highest self then this is the time to do it. Thank you for listening. Have a wonderful day. Take care, be loving, give love. Bye bye.


Cheerios, the ready-to-eat cereal made from nourishing oats and shaped like little letter-os. A product of General Mills now presents the Lone Ranger. Of course, with a speed of light, a cloud of dust and a hotty-hio silver. The Lone Ranger. With his faithful Indian companion, Toto, the daring and resourceful mask rider of the planes led the fight for law and order in the early western United States. Nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come a thundering hoof-beats of the great horse Silver. The Lone Ranger rides again. Come on, Silver. Let's go, big fella. I want Silver. When Bill's that fast, the kids all shout, You can't strike that flugger out. He gets the hips because he knows. He's got gold power from Cheerios, yes. But Cheerios, the oat cereal that needs no cooking. Every delicious spoonful of Cheerios and milk is real muscle-building food. Each spoonful contains vitamins, minerals and proteins your body needs. Yes, the good things in a Cheerios breakfast do good things for your body. Help you have healthy nerves, good red blood, strong bones and muscles. And, mothers, every package of Cheerios contains a valuable silverware coupon. Be sure to save these coupons and use them to collect a whole set of beautiful queen best patterned silverware. Get the whole family off to a good start every morning with Cheerios. Then you'll hear people say, He's feeling his Cheerios. And his Indian companion, Toto, watched from the top of a mesa as several godly painted wagons moved slowly along a valley trail. Then plenty of fancy wagons came up up here. Carnival wagons, Toto. Heading toward Meatville. Very few carnivals come out this way. They're a great attraction. Me see carnival ones. Yes, I remember. Perhaps we'll get a chance to go to that one if it stops near Meatville. Me like that. We'll be in this territory for a while. I understand the hooded gang has committed several robberies within a radius of 20 miles. I try to get a line on them. We make camp near Meatville, maybe? Yes, let's go. Come on, Toto! That afternoon after the carnival was set up in a large clearing outside the town of Meatville, the owner, Clay Beaver, sat in the office wagon talking to his concession operators, including a dark-featured woman of uncertain age known as Athena, the Gypsy Princess. Clay Beaver was saying, looks like everybody's got his concession ready for tonight. As usual, we start operations at 6 p.m. So far, we've managed to pull several jobs during the day, working as the hooded gang, and no one's a wiser, but we can't get careless. Thanks to Athena, we've been tipped off ahead of time just where to strike. Perhaps tonight, Senor Clay, another of the fools will seek to know of his future and tell me where we can get more cash. I've been to all the small towns around here putting up posters, also to the large ranches, and I've had the chance to get a look at the important men in the territory, the men who can give us helpful information. You sure have a good memory for faces, please. As usual, I'll be pitchmen outside of Athena's tent. When I see someone I want her to get information from going into her tent, I'll tip her off with a spiel about the crystal ball. That night, the carnival was in full swing, and the midways swarmed with ranchers, cowboys, and tongues people from nearby ranches and small towns.  Right this way, folks! Right this way! Athena, the Gypsy Princess! The beautiful woman who sees all knows all! Hi there, Mr. Beavers! Remember me? Well, of course, of course! Banker Alan from Big Rock. You kindly let me place a poster in your bank two days ago. That's right! Hey, right, lively crowd you have here tonight. I just drove over to have a look. Oh, surely you're going to let the Gypsy Princess tell your future, Banker Alan? Only 50 cents? Ah, it's worth that just to see her. She's a beautiful woman, Mr. Alan. Here, here's the ticket. Well, I... All right, I'll take one. Fine, fine, go right in. Athena's waiting. I'm curious to hear what you tell me. Get your tickets here, learn what the crystal ball has in store for you. The crystal ball that tells the future. All right, step right up, folks! The town of Big Rock was five miles from Meatville. The following morning, Clay Beaver and several men, all wearing hoods, waited behind giant boulders. I found out in town the only stage in the Big Rock today comes from Pecos along this trail. That must be the one carrying the cash that Athena learned about from the banker. That's right, sir.  Yeah, so far nobody's ever got wise that the information was given to Athena. Oh, she works carefully. She tells them so many other things about themselves, they don't remember half what's been said. Look, here comes the stage. Good, have your guns ready, men. All right, let's go. The small town of Big Rock was under the jurisdiction of the Meatville Sheriff. To whom the stage robbery was soon reported. Tato brought the news to the Lone Ranger when he returned from town with supplies. Oh, come on, fella. Easy, come, easy, fella. It doesn't take long, Tato. Uh, me hurry back to tell about stage robbery near Big Rock by Hooded Gang. That proves the gang is still in this territory. What did the crooks take? Well, them get ship under cash to Big Rock Bank. And we hear men talking in store, and say nobody in Big Rock knew about shipment but banker. And him say, him not tell anyone. We ride to the scene of the whole up and try to pick up the gang's trail. Here's a look. Oh, come on, easy, fella. Come on, Tato. A sudden storm came up before the Lone Ranger and Tato reached their destination.  Come on, Tato. They took shelter in an abandoned cabin. While they waited for Mask Man's hook. This storm will eliminate any tracks to crooks left, Tato. Are you trying to find their trail now? Not right. What we've learned about past robberies with that Hooded Gang, they've struck in cases where they must have had advanced information. Ah. I'd like to talk to that banker in Big Rock. He must have let the information slip in some way. But he not talked to Mask Man, Kimitabi. Yes, I know. But if I disguise myself as a well-to-do rancher, I'll get by. While we're waiting for the storm to pass, I'll disguise my features and change into the clothes I carry in the saddlebags. After the storm, the Lone Ranger, now disguised as a rancher, rode with Tato into Big Rock. While Tato waited outside, he entered the bank, asked for the banker, and was directed to Mr. Allen's office. Come in. Howdy, stranger. What can I do for you? I stopped in to see after hearing about the stage robberia. Mr.... Her name's Allen. What's yours? Oh, I'm a hunter. Funny of him out here in the West. Mr. Hunter?  Oh, thank you. Now, what's your interest in that hold? I might be sending plenty of cash from the Meatville Bank soon by stage. But these hold-ups have me worried. Seems to me that Hooded Gang finds out all that's going on somehow. If you talked to anyone about the shipment coming in... The sheriff wanted to know the same thing. He came from Meatville this morning. But like I told him, I didn't mention it to anyone. Didn't know about it myself till last night, just before I went over to the carnival. Got a coded telegram from Pekas about it. Oh, who else knew that code? Only the banker and Pekas. And I destroyed the telegram as soon as I read it. Then, like I said, I went to the carnival. You didn't talk to anybody at the carnival about the shipment? Of course not. Didn't stay long. Looked around, had my fortune told, then came home. Too bad the fortune teller couldn't warn you about the hold-up. I don't put much stock in that sort of thing. Frankly, she was pretty good. She did say she saw a lot of money being moved somewhere. I admitted I was expecting some. But she didn't know me or where I was from. Though she did hit the nail on the head by saying she figured I was a banker.  Uh-huh. Oh, but, shucks, I figure she guessed it from the way I was dressed or something. Most of those gypsies are shrewd enough to figure out what a person does just by looking at them. But she wasn't curious about anything and didn't ask questions concerning the shipment. Well, sure mystery how that gang gets information. Sorry, I apologize, Mr. Allen. Maybe we'll do business together sometime. Goodbye. Oh, no bother, Mr. Hunter. Come in again. Goodbye. Balone Ranger rejoined Tonneau, and as they rolled from Big Rock, Tonneau asked... You find out anything, Kimosabi? I think I have Tonneau. I'll have to make sure. Allen didn't tell anyone about the shipment, but he did go to the fortune teller at the carnival near Meadville last night. He guessed he was a banker and told him she saw cash being moved from somewhere. He told her he expected some but claimed she didn't know him or where he came from. What do you think? I think it will be worth my while to pay a visit to that fortune teller tonight. It will be very interesting to hear what she has to say to me. Get him up to the coast. We'll continue our Lone Ranger adventure in just a moment. Jenny is ten, and is she good? She's skip rope champ of the neighborhood. She's so quick because she knows she's got gold power from Cheerios. Yes, she's got gold power. There she goes. She's feeling her Cheerios. Cheerios. Cheerios. Kids, every delicious spoonful of Cheerios and milk is real muscle building food. Each spoonful contains vitamins, minerals and proteins your body needs. Yes, the good things in a Cheerios breakfast do good things for your body. Help you have healthy nerves, good red blood, strong bones and muscles. Cheerios, remember, is made from oats, yet needs no cooking. Cheerios, the cereal shaped like little letter O's. Then you'll hear people say, She's feeling her Cheerios. Now to continue. That evening the Lone Ranger still disguised as a well to do rancher, left Tonto in a grove with the horses, then walked along the lighted midway with a crowd. The gypsy princess tells you what the future has in store for you. Only fifty cents folks just have a dollar step right up and get your ticket now.  I reckon I can afford it here. Hey, look at the yellow vats with that bankroll mister can afford to buy the whole carnival. Here's your ticket and your change. Thanks. Step right into that tent there. A cleaner is waiting, mister. Good. All right, let the crystal ball tell you what the future has in store for you. The crystal ball tells the princess all about you. Sit down. Thank you, ma'am. Look at the crystal ball, señor. It is in there that I shall see what is in store for you. There is a sum of money, a large sum, that will pass through your hands soon, no? That's very interesting, ma'am. Perhaps you know of such a sum. It is only that I am pleased to know when I have foretold something truly. Well now, maybe that crystal ball sees a cash, a cattle buy, and pay goes to send in the meat bill for me by stage tomorrow. You know, ma'am, up to now I never had much faith in fortune telling. Wait, señor, there is more. I see that you are wealthy. You own many cattle. A big grand. What else, ma'am? The crystal ball has clouded. If you cross my palm with silver, I shall be able to tell you more. There's a dollar, ma'am. Having time to wait now. Thanks for what you told me. Gracias, señor. Be sure to come back. There is much I could say to you. I'll see you again. Adios. Adios, señor. When the carnival closed for the night, Athena met with Clay Beaver and his men in his wagon headquarters. Clay asked, Athena, did you find out anything from the tall rancher I sent into you? See, tomorrow much cash is being sent to him at meat bill, from a cattle buyer in Vegas. Ah, good words. You'll hold up that stage between here and Big Rock where the trail goes through Wide Valley. Now everybody turn in. We'll get together in the morning. All right. Meantime, the lone ranger had left the carnival and had joined Tonto in the grove. Then the two men rolled into meat bill and stopped at the sheriff's office. Easy. Easy. Easy. I came to discuss the hooded gang, Sheriff. What do you know about him? Who are you? This card will identify me here. Who is he? Signed by the United States Marshal in Vegas. Say, this identifies you as the lone ranger. That's right. But the mask, I thought you were. I've had reason to disguise my features and discard my mask for the present. Well, this Indian must be Tonto. Isn't that right? Well, I'm sure glad to meet you both. Now, what is all about? The lone ranger briefly told his suspicion and suggested a plan to capture the gang. When he finished, the sheriff said, Then you think the gang is tied up with the carnival? Yes, Sheriff. And if my suspicions are right, the hooded gang should hold up the stage tomorrow thinking a large sum of cash is being carried on it. Your plan is that we go with a posse to Big Rock tonight. Then you'll ride the stage as a passenger. We'll follow on horseback in case of a holdup. Right. Well, we'll do it. And I sure hope that gang shows up. The following morning, the lone ranger left Big Rock on the stage while Tonto, leading the Great Horse Silver, followed with the sheriff and the posse. Get up there! Come on!  The stage driver and guard were talking as the stage entered wide valley.  That hooded gang popping up when you least expect it. The felon never knows what to look for. We were lucky enough to get to Big Rock when they stopped us yesterday. I'm thinking of giving up this hitch for something not so risky. Well, it won't be long now before we reach the end of our road at Leadville. Maybe those hoops are gone through the territory, but now... I sure hope so. Anyway, we... They jump and can't miss another holdup. Oh, not again. And look, the same gang. The hooded hombre, six of them. You better stop. We aren't carrying anything valuable today. But they'll rob the passenger in the cold. They'll plug us if you don't stop. Oh, hollap, hollap, hollap, hollap, hollap. Yeah, sure.  And while the others covered the driver in guard, used his gun to break the lock. Yeah, that did it. Hey, this is empty. We could have told you that, mister. Where's the cash you were supposed to bring for a rancher? As Clay spoke angrily to the driver, he stood beside the coach. Suddenly, he felt a gun in his side, and a voice spoke from the open window of the coach. Don't move you. Tell your men to drop their guns or you'll die. Hey, what's your... Tell them! For a moment, the lone ranger seemed to have the upper hand. Then Carlos kicked one of the stage horses with his boot. Oh, hey, hey! The horses suddenly lurched a few feet forward. Use your guns, men! Drop your guns! Oh, hey! Look, coming down the tail of the passe, we must get away! It's too late. Use your guns! For a few moments, the outlaws fought back, but they were greatly outnumbered by the passe. And finally, those who were not wounded threw down their guns.   You all right, mister? Yes, sir. All right, rip off those horses, men. Come on, come on, hold this. These are the men from the carnival. Oh, that rancher, I don't understand how he gets. Hey, if I hadn't been so dumb, I'd have figured it out before this. The hooded gang wasn't heard of around here. That carnival showed up a few weeks ago. Well, we'll go to the carnival lot and search the wagon for the other loot this gang stole. At the same time, we'll pick up that fortune teller. Time to the horses, men. Let's get going. All right, come on. Later at the carnival grounds, Athena came to the door of her wagon when she heard widers approaching. Oh, something is going wrong. She persists. Come on down here. See, see, sir. Regan, you didn't expect us to come back with your carnival friends, did you? I do not understand. Or have they done, sir? We're looking at crystal ball of yours and find out. We're taking you to jail with them. All right, some of you men search the wagon. All right. They're hungry. They reach ranch or he is to blame for this, no? You're not as severed as you think, senorita. I'm not a rancher. I reckon after this, she'll lose faith in her own fortune telling. Time to pack up the new bank notes from the office wagon, sir. $100 federal notes like those that were stolen yesterday. Well, we got enough proof against him, I reckon. Yes, yes. Here's that crystal ball to you, sir. Thought you might want to take that along. I'll just whoop, I dropped it. Caramba. That means I can no longer tell fortune. Well, once that ball steered you right, you won't tell fortune for a long time. I don't know how to leave now, sir. We're going back to Pecos now that this gang is in custody. Adios, everybody. Adios. Come on. That handsome one, if he is not a rancher, then who and what is he, senor sheriff? He's a clean, honest American who hates fakery and crook, said what. And as for who he is, well, I don't mind telling you he's known as the Lone Ranger. We'll return in just a moment for a word about our next exciting Lone Ranger adventure, the War Makers. Friends, a good school system is one of the greatest assets any community can have. Education molds our future. By providing the best schools it can afford, a community raises its social level and contributes to its prosperity, as well as to the prosperity and security of the nation. Yet the high birth rate during the recent years has resulted in tremendously increased enrollment in our elementary schools. Unless action is taken immediately, this community will find that its schools lack sufficient teachers, classrooms, textbooks and facilities. To help ensure a proper education for your own children and the other children of your community, we urge you to join and work with local civic groups and school boards that are actively seeking to improve educational conditions. You can find out what other communities are doing to improve schools by writing to better schools to West 45th Street, New York, New York. Now, remember education molds our future. Better schools build better communities. Smoke signals and the sound of war drums brought the Lone Ranger and Tato into an Indian village to learn the reason for a bloody uprising. Their answer came in the sharp edge of a knife in the hand of a raving mad Indian who attacked the Lone Ranger. You enemy!  The Russian jet descended before the eyes of the Lone Ranger. That's a climax to a fantastic plot against the United States. The Lone Ranger's jet would mean death to thousands of others. But, well, for thrills and suspense, be sure to listen! The Lone Ranger, a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated, is created by George W. Trenzl, produced by Trenzl's Campbell Mure Incorporated and directed by Charles D. Livingston. Tonight's drama was written by Dan Beattie. Part of the Lone Ranger is played by Brace Beamer, your announcer Fred Floyd. The Lone Ranger is brought to you by General Mills every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at this same time. Be sure to listen!


Brought to you by DIS, keeping companies connected with cloud-based solutions. Come on, City! Connor, how's the last couple of days been? What's the reaction been like amongst your group following that defeat? I'm obviously a lot of disappointment with the game and how it panned out, but I think from that, people have been in this situation before and you've got to quickly move on and look forward to the next game and that's Carlisle. Before we look at that one, can we talk about a couple of the incidents in that game down at Newport? Firstly, the first goal for Newport, I should say, in Cardiff, shouldn't I? Have you seen it back now and seen that freaking incident? I know Mark wasn't very happy after the game, but hadn't fully seen it back, so what do you make to it now? You have probably had a look. I think it shows everything quite clear, really. You probably don't need me to comment and tell you what you saw. Like everybody else where there was not much contact and it looked like he sort of had a brush on his shoulder and went down and sort of miskicked the ball and he's given the foul. Not nice because obviously it leads to the goal and it's a great free kick, but you shouldn't have been a free kick that's for sure. How infuriating is that? Not obviously looking to criticise the referee and officials and all that sort of stuff. These things do happen, don't they, at times, but how infuriating when it does lead to such a pivotal moment in the game? Yeah, it's so frustrating because if that doesn't happen, then potentially the penalty incident doesn't happen because in seconds the game can flip on its head. Again, it was just really frustrating that the game was put into the hands of the referee and it sort of went sour for our team and our club. We're just looking to respond as well as we can. How's Levi being the last couple of days? Obviously, Levi, he felt like he'd let the team down because of what happened and the guys worked so hard and so did Levi and Levi's being superb for us so far and he's just one that he's got to quickly learn from and move on from and I'm sure he'll never get himself in that position again and that's what it's about, learning from your mistakes. We spoke to Paul Diocona about a bit of the reaction, the social media reaction in particular. A lot of it's obviously been critical and a lot of it extremely over the top. There's also been quite a lot of support there for him as well. What's your reaction when you see and hear that sort of input that you get after a decision like that? Yeah, it's fantastic that probably most of the fans have not seen much of it or anything but I imagine the fans will be right behind him letting him know how good he's been for the 16 games and not to let a second in a game sort of determine what he is like as a player. It's a mistake, we all made them, we're all humans. Humans play the game and we've got to accept that sometimes we may have rode our luck in certain games and we've been punished in this one. And the team and the players all rally around as well, don't need situations like that. Is that one of the big strengths that you've got in this group at the moment, that unity that you sort of have? Yeah, you've got some, well everybody, everybody's a good person and it works hard for the cause and it shows when you watch our team you can see that everybody's going to work and fight and go to the last minute and we proved that in the bulletin game where we scored in the dying seconds. Disappointing for everybody, but I think this group of players just want to put it right against Carlisle. This is the test now and isn't it? How you bounce back from something like that how you have that mental resolve to go and start another run like the previous one you've been on? Yeah, we can take confidence from the exit situation but again we're not going to just say that if we lose we go on unbeaten runs because football's not like that, we've got to regroup and refocus and make sure that we go into the game fully focused to go and get the result and it's important that we bounce back. How do you refocus them? What do you say to them? Give us a bit of an insight into what you say to that group to try and put that one behind you and move on to the next? Well I think it's the hard work that they've got themselves into this situation and just reinforcing those messages about the mental resilience and not giving in and working together and being a collective unit and that's just the same messages that we always give relevant of the game outcome and the result so we just work even harder. I think it adds motivation to what you do when you lose a game it just highlights things that you can get better as well and we're looking forward to becoming better and being a better team. And have you seen that in training this morning? Not extra desire but that ability that will to want to put in that little bit extra to get the result. Yeah the guys have got terrific character and they'll go out there and they'll perform to their best but people make mistakes and as managers we've just got to accept that people make mistakes as long as the people learn from them and they're giving 100%. How much do you have a difficult balance at the moment of making sure you're keeping some fresh legs? Callum Cook obviously not involved for you the other night you need to do some rotation when the games are so thick and fast don't you? So how difficult the balance is that to keep continuity but also make sure you're not overloading? Yeah it's a part of it. We knew it was going to happen where we had to rotate but again the confidence in the squad and the depth is there and it's key for us. On the cookie situation on Callum I've had a little bit of tightness in the warm up which meant that we didn't want to risk him in the game so that was kind of that we were probably going to bring him on into the game and it had made an impact but unfortunately we didn't want to take that risk on the night but again the squad is so important from now until the end of the season. How is he then ahead of the next one? Yeah he's okay we're going to get him final assessment and see where he is but nothing concrete as of yet. Any other little issues that you're having to monitor heading into this one any new problems? No just general little bangs and bruises from playing games there's nothing big. And what about Carlisle as the next test then just below you in the table there's a chance for you to open up a bit of a gap there isn't there points wise? I guess for us it's just going to the next game and making sure we put performance in and come back and bounce back from the last game because in our thoughts we deserve to win the game but we came away from nothing with nothing and we controlled large parts and there was a lot of really positive play that we were impressed with and it just hurts because it was two decisions and two sort of set plays and penalty and a free kick which he probably didn't look like scoring other than them so it was harsh to take. And what is your analysis told you about Carlisle as an outfit? Yeah obviously they've dipped in form but obviously they were up there at the start they've got some plays returning and they're good at what they do and they're full of energy and I'm sure that they're looking to turn around their latest form and they'll be working hard to make sure that everything is to put that right. Good stuff, cheers Connor, thanks mate. Thanks a lot. Thank you Connor. When you talk about the free kick is there part of you that wishes that maybe like the premiership you can have the AR at all levels of the game or is it something you're glad you don't have? No it's a good question. I kind of like not having it to be fair I think it slows down the game and a lot of the Premier League managers have spoken about celebrations and teams not being able to celebrate because they're always worried about whether the goal was offside or maybe a handballing in the build up and stuff like that so I think probably when you get decisions against you you want VAR but when you don't get the look and one goes for you then you maybe not wanting VAR but for me I'd say at our level and it's probably good without it. Obviously it's been a topic of conversation quite a lot since Christmas but the weather isn't looking too good for the weekend Has that affected your preparation at all? No it's not affected us we've trained today and we're just concentrating on the game and hopefully the weather is good to us unlike it's been for the past few months so we'll wait and see. It's a bit of a cliché Do you think there's a certain amount of truth in the adage that managers' coaches learn more from the team after a defeat than they do if you're on a winning run? I think there's some truth in it and I think maybe the big one is potentially winning runs sometimes create maybe laziness or people coming off the boil and people thinking they can maybe win games without really turning up and I don't think we've shown that and I don't think that was the case in the last game but again I think you can learn from losses definitely in areas to improve but again with this group of players and their mindset and their character they'll be wanting to put this right straight away. Thanks very much, good luck and sadly. Thank you, cheers. Hi Connor. Hi there. He was saying obviously about learning from the loss and the thin margins I think eight of your ten wins have been by a single goal so you've sort of been the right side of the ledger each time but I mean it probably is the last few games that just reminded you how, you know, probably remind the players how much on a knife are these contests are, aren't they? Yeah and that's something as the season progresses and you go through it you will have decisions go against you and you'll have decisions go for you and I think it's kind of balanced its way out in the last game where we've maybe had two decisions where on another day they don't happen and we win the game 1-0 and comfortably and play well so I think it's about us, you know, being 1-0 up at times but still being able to nick another goal as well and that's the key and that's how we're looking to build and become better. And the last two games are great reminders of playing to the 95th minute or whatever it takes, isn't it? Because, you know, that split second can change everything, can't it? You know, we've got the equaliser against Bolton and that feeling's, you know, magical and then we have the opposite and actually even worse because they win the game against us in the next game and, you know, this is a part of football we've, you know, everybody goes through it it's just the fine margins of football, like you say. And we've talked before about how tight this league is I mean, Carl Isle's record probably sums that up as well as anyone, doesn't it? I mean, they've been on a fantastic run, they were top probably about a month ago and then they've taken two points from eight games I mean, it's incredible how fortunes can suddenly change, isn't it? It is, it is and, you know, Newport were a little bit similar in that vein with their pitch and probably the Cardiff pitch helped their style of play because they suit that type of football better than on a good pitch and, you know, Carl Isle they'll be, you know, working so hard to make sure they overturn this bad runner form and so, you know, they've been up there they've got a lot of threats, they've got good players they've got players returning and they'll be wanting to put it right. And obviously having such a long journey back on the back of that frustration midweek I mean, there's been, you know, quite a lot of time to chew on it and there so I think there'll be, you know, in terms of motivation it's, you know, you probably don't have to say much for a team talk for the players, I wouldn't have thought. Yeah, they drive the standards now, you know you've got leaders in there who are going to go and make sure people are at it as well as me and Mark and I think we're just excited now because we feel like we've been potentially gone against us a little bit too easy with some refereeing decisions and etc but I don't want to talk about that but we feel like we've lost again that we should have won and now we're eager to put that right and to win the next game. And as you said about the VAR situation it would make it seem a little bit artificial, wouldn't it, in terms of, you know, these finishes I mean, if I say the downy road goal on Saturday and you'd have to sort of stop and wait two minutes to check everything it would have sort of lost the moment a little bit, wouldn't it? Yeah, and I think what the people love about football it's the passion and it stores magical feelings and sometimes take it away with the VAR when you scored a last minute winner and then it gets overruled, it's kind of not ruins it but it's a strange one to be fair so it's new to everyone but at our level we don't have that and it helps us when we score winners and it doesn't help us when we concede in the last minute so that's how it is. So you thought is it necessary perhaps to have to put up with the old I wouldn't say blooper from an official but an old soft decision it might have to, just to keep the game going in a sense of rather than stop and everything waiting for experts to analyse each detail Yeah, the referees have got to make the decisions in this league and they've got to stick by them and they've got to be strong in the way that they do it and make sure that they do what they feel is right and they don't have the help of VAR to maybe bail them out if they're not quite sure Brought to you by DIS Keeping companies connected with cloud-based solutions Come on, City!


This is an article that was in the newspapers, the Patriot Press in the 18th century. I tend to find these normally by looking through newspapers, which are generally on microfilm or in special collections. This one, however, I found in a specific collection which is called the American Archives, added by Peter Force. What Peter Force did in the early 19th century was go and collect records from newspapers, from state papers, committee papers, and gather them together in several volumes and publish them as part of forming a documentary history of the American Revolution. So this is a report that appeared in the Colonial Press. I'm not sure exactly where. My guess is Boston or Hartford, possibly more than one press because they tended to copy the reports from each other. That's how they got their news from other newspapers. And it's a report from Providence, Rhode Island. The reason I'm interested in this sort of document is that I'm trying to get a kind of close to the ground look at the American Revolution. I want to know what the Patriot movement was like, the movement from, say, 1765 through the Revolution of people protesting parliamentary taxation and legislation. And I want to know less about the leading men who met in conventions and congresses and who petitioned the king. I know a fair amount about them. I want to know about people on the local ground, ordinary people, women as well as men. And I want to know, what was it like for them to become Patriots? And the questions I would bring to looking at these reports and newspapers would include, what is this telling me about ordinary people's participation? Not just what ideas might they bring to joining the Revolution or becoming a Patriot, but also what practices, what things do they have to do to be a Patriot? How do you practice being a Patriot? What does it really mean to join this movement? And what's it like, again, not in the official bodies that we think of as Patriot leaders, but kind of on the local ground, in this case in Providence, Rhode Island?


US Facing Military Recruitment Crisis The US Army, Navy and Air Force are facing shortfalls in recruitment targets this year as the Pentagon struggles to compete with civilian employment while up to 77% of young people have been deemed ineligible to enlist the New York Times said. By the end of its recruitment year on September 30th, the US Army fell short of its target of adding 65,000 people to its ranks. The publication says instead ending up with about 50,000 new personnel. It is the third successive year that the Army has not met its goal, prompting military bosses to cut unfilled positions and shrink its active duty membership to 452,000 from 485,000 in 2021. The recruitment logjam has created an existential issue for us. Army Secretary Christine Wormuth told that even as some branches of the military relax recruitment standards and even offer financial compensation of up to $75,000 to join. A recent report by the US Department of Defense concluded that up to 77% of young people in the United States cannot enlist four a variety of reasons including being overweight, drug abuse or having physical or mental impairments. The US Navy also fell short by about 7,500 hires this year despite recruitment initiatives including financial incentives. And the Air Force, traditionally considered an attractive destination for new recruits, added about 10% less than expected.


The motto of this seminar is to sensitize the students, to know what is poetry and to make our of them about the importance of poetry in life. Poetry is an experience of life, what Wordsworth says poetry is a spontaneous overflow of powerful emotions recollected in tranquility. So that is about the motto of the seminar is to make our of the students, to energize the students to learn poetry, to love poetry. Poetry they gain a lot, they know about the experience of the life, how to face the difficulties in life, how to face the problems in life that poetry teaches. English poetry is a very big part of literature and today I am organizing something on it. My resource person is Shanti Baharu Gujarat University and Banaras Hindu University. My students have a lot of knowledge about poetry, literature will also enhance me. My motto is to be a teacher, as a literature student. And poetry is also a little... I learnt something today, what we know, what we know. So today we have a national seminar. We have learned a lot. My resource person is also a poet, a subpoet. So we are also in second year. Next year our graduation will be completed. Then we will be in upper level. So we will be able to help our students a lot. If you liked our video, then don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel.


Jesus is at least a man so connected to God that he was called the Son of God, and the largest religious movement in human history is centered around his teachings. Even if this is all Jesus is, following his teachings can promote peace, empathy, and genuine morality.