Rusty and totally out of the loop as far as getting into that mental mindset of of okay, let's go Okay, everyone the art of the time trial here's the deal so we're not basketball players We're not hockey players. We're not let's say reliant on a big tournament to carry forth our Our sport that we love so we can go run a time trial Really, whatever we want and I'll explain in more detail what a time trial is how I approach time trials and how they're important for our training Especially in times like these when there's no races happening around the world and by the way We're pausing no time trial today. It snowed last night. I had a feeling it. Well, I didn't have a feeling I watched the weather and sure enough it did snow not much But therefore I'm going to bump the time trial to Tomorrow so sunday morning when you're watching this cherry creek path in denver I think I'm going to start around about 9 a.m.  All right. Good morning time trial Here we come Okay, getting ready for my time trial shake out run I'm going to do strides at the end of the run to get the legs ready for the turnover tomorrow Yes, taking out the taking out the brooks and blister and 18s quickly becoming One of my favorite easy day shoes and thank you, Michael Michael's showing you his duck So anyway, and yes, remember yesterday we talked about running gear So here we go. You know this the flip belt the buff my new compressed sport hat that i'm loving so much And yes, my territory run company sock, so It's it's it's crazy. It's not a race tomorrow, but I'm ridiculously excited So it's just keeping that rhythm of training and racing in quotes part of life In order to remain connected to our past and the old normalcy that uh, we all used to have it's just uh, it's really It's enthralling. Yeah, I just said it. It's enthralling Strides here we go here we go. All right back from the run But before we dive into that I have an idea and I've been mulling it over for about a week now And because it keeps coming back to me and keeps coming back to me, especially when i'm out running like today I couldn't stop thinking about this idea.  It does connect to a tweet that I sent out earlier today If you follow follow me on twitter, uh, you can go back and read it But uh, I'm excited about it Especially during these very difficult times and I'm going to go inside It's it's a big idea and I want to I need to talk it over with true love first So we'll go inside here in a minute Uh and talk with her but first today's run seven miles eight minutes a mile nice and easy Getting ready for the time trial time trial tomorrow Followed up by a couple strides back and forth back and forth Overall the legs feel pretty peppy especially at the beginning of the run toward the end I didn't feel quite as fresh but uh, I'm excited for tomorrow morning 13.1 miles on the cherry creek path I'm going to start there's a conico gas station on monaco in case you're familiar with denver and then i'm going to head north uh, yeah north west toward downtown denver and i'll get a bit I'll get about 11 miles in on the cherry creek path and then i'm going to connect with a plat river trail and then had uh kind of northeast on the on the uh plat river trail toward basically Uh i 70 and anyway that's going to be a rat I'm going to I'm going to run until I hit 13.1 miles Essentially remember shout out to all the race directors who put in a lot of work and time closing roads closing Uh finding courses that we all can run on that keep us safe And uh, anyway, that's my decision for tomorrow's time trial And now remember I said this about a month ago with respect to tune up races before a big peak race If you can work it into your schedule doing a tune up race is a really great idea And what's the goal of a tune up race to get your leg turnover going in a race environment? And also for me to get myself mentally prepared for that race day experience So I like to run tune up races like I said three to four weeks out from a peak race as a rust buster All right, get those legs going get in that mental mindset for running fast racing fast And again that three to four week window it was going to be the ur in fact it was today Yet was it today? Yes, it was going to be today in real time in Irving, Texas The race was canceled it and now remember on the mental side of being a runner I think personally at least you know talking about my mental strategy and my mental health even is as runners having that opportunity to exert ourselves and to Dig deep and to frankly go a little bit to the pain cave like I don't know We're a little strange. We I'm just going to say it like we we kind of have to enjoy pain as runners Because a lot of people don't like to run because why it kind of hurts whether it's our bodies Whether it's our breathing like the lactic acid building up in our legs But as the more you run the more you come to yearn a little at least I do yearn a little bit for that Um finding that threshold of our pain. I don't know I'm talking a little crazy here But anyway, so tomorrow in the time trial not only is it going to be physically hard But it's going to be that mental exertion that frankly when was the last time I raced everybody I don't even know what have I raced in 2020. I don't think I had was it Was it the world mountain running? I know I'm missing something. I'm am I going crazy? I think it was the the world mountain running championships in argentina I that's that's blowing my mind. So anyway, I am raring and ready to rock and roll and to and now listen There's no one going to be around me. Oh, yeah, by the way, so as far as filming the time trial tomorrow I'm going to go fast like I am approaching this time trial As a race just so you know in fact so much so that I'm laying out my singlet Tonight I'm laying out my socks my racing shoes Um everything that I'm going to wear just like I would be Doing the night before if I was staying, you know in a motel like I did for the new york city marathon You'll lay out all your your gear the night before just to make sure you have everything ready to go So tomorrow because it's just me social distancing. No one's going to be there to film me Unfortunately, I would love someone to be there on the bike, you know filming me That would be amazing for all of you to you know to share the experience, but it just can't happen right now So I will be carrying this little teeny tiny camera that is struggling right now It's the insta go insta 360 go the gyro is off But I'll get as many shots as I possibly can it weighs about as much as a quarter So the gopro is just a little too much weight. Believe it or not. I don't like it As far as what I'm really running fast So this will be my my camera that I use for filming tomorrow for all of you And one more point on the art of the time trial is that especially during these crazy times with all the races being cancelled It's it really is an opportunity to dig a little deeper and to mimic race day so that when races return and they will return We are not totally Rusty and totally out of the loop as far as getting into that mental mindset of of okay Let's go. Let's let's go see what we can do whether it's chase down a pr push ourselves harder than we've ever pushed ourselves And so that's what i'm doing and hopefully We all can return to racing sooner rather than later, but if we can't again I think building time trials into our training blocks is going to be For me is going to be of necessity. Okay. All right. No question today in the studio We'll get that to you inside But let's go. I gotta go talk to true love about this idea. All right. Come on now A twig you guys are having fun out here Good job. All right. I gotta go chat with mama those boys are having fun out there Yeah, uh, yeah, I think so okay, so hon. I'm not ready yet to Let youtube family know what my idea is. We need to talk first sound good. Oh, yeah All right, so sorry. Sorry. We'll be back in a little bit and 15 minutes later. Okay Handing handing the mic off to true love. Hon. What do you think of the idea? I think it's beautiful I think it's profound. I think it's as it should be. I think you're brilliant, right? And I think I'm I'm inspired and proud to be part of that idea True love's on board. Yeah two thumbs way way up there So everyone it sounds like but we're not I gotta work out the details bottom line. It's all about seek beauty work hard and Love each other. All right. That is as the boys said that is the Focus of this next idea. All right. So all right so it's like and We have something very special on the channel meaning It's a youtube family and it's like we interact with each other in the comments We support each other on strava and instagram and uh kudos everyone's runs up and Now this is kind of that next step where we can really Make a difference and it's you know 68,000 subscribers. Oh, yeah, that's no joke. And so let's say It's grow and so there's power in our youtube family. I love that my mom always says we have a big Irish family and she says the good thing about a big family is when the troubles come There are more of us than there are of the troubles. That's what I think of this idea. All right. Whoo. All right. Stay tuned for the details


What allowed you guys to kind of make that shift where you're down five and you were able to kind of rest control back at a game? Just being able to weather the storm, staying solid, communicating, just trusting in what we do. You guys have been in so many close games that it's just this point is that relying on that knowledge to kind of get you through this a little bit. Thank you. Yeah, I think we started it last year.  But as this group continues at jail, I think we'll get better and better and better at just understanding what we want to do and the shots we want to get and the defensive sessions we want to have. When this bench comes in, it just feels like there's a different lift life from them. What is it about them that just kind of gives this game, it takes the game up a little bit more with their energy? Well, they all bring it to the table. They all bring it to the table, every single one of them. You know, you can go top to bottom and everybody that comes in a second unit and they bring something unique to the table and they compete and play with a lot of energy. So it's very appreciative of that. And man, any time you got guys in your team like that, it just gives the whole entire team confidence. First team, second team, everybody. Another slow start. I mean, what are the lessons you guys have to learn from that start with Lord Baster? I mean, is there commonalities or something you guys have learned about? Just come out with more juice, maybe get a couple stops, get going and get on the transition. You see teams pushing y'all differently in the first course and they're doing like, Joppa saying this team was desperate and they were playing a little bit more. They were that. They were that. But at the end of the day, you know, that's not really an excuse. We still just got to be better and we'll work on being that. One for me. You got to turn the page and now you got a game tomorrow night. Just what's the challenge of facing this Bucs team? You got some pretty good players and guys that have played at a high level won a championship. So you just got to be locked in. You got to be locked in and willing to compete. We got to play our style of the ball. Not really aware of anything else. You know, we got a pretty talented roster too. So we'll go in ready to fight.


For almost a month, I think it's indeed an opportunity for everyone of us and its deployment in Mindanao. And that partnership, as we look around the globe over the last years, two years and two weeks, I think it punctuates why are these partnerships important. Participating in it, you need to realize you are demonstrating not only to each other the importance of the partnership, but to all those around the world that may have inclinations of not abiding by a free and open Indo-Pacific. Participating in it, you need to realize you are demonstrating, you need to realize you are demonstrating, you need to realize you are demonstrating, you need to realize you are demonstrating, Without much ado, I'd like to introduce our guest of honor speaker, Deputy Commander of the User Fund, Major General Matthew McFarley. The Philippine Army has professionally and magnificently served the people of the Philippines and is trading our ironclad partnership. And that partnership, as we look around the globe over the last years, two years and two weeks, I think it punctuates why are these partnerships important. Deputy Commander of the User Fund, Major General Matthew McFarley. The partnership, as we look around the globe over the last years, two years and two weeks, it punctuates why are these partnerships important.


Everybody Matt here for late in sports cards are from one box of 2022 Panini legacy football for Alec M Good luck Alec Oh, yeah, those are losing 14 to 3 Ravens are good though. Yeah, they're good. They got Dobbins back now. I Am very thankful that I decided to take a leap on Dobbins this week Brand foreign caught a touchdown and quam bolden Kenneth Walker There's Aaron Rodgers under the lights now the bills are a lot of fun to watch Jerome Bettis legends David Bell There's good old flipper Anderson for the ages 330 some yard game Carson Palmer Drake London and many under the lights Jameson Williams There's many champ Bailey Tony Romo Pickens and this is to 150 David O'Jabbo rookie Betis Randall a little Shakira freeze John Elway Damian Pierce your strong and Tyron Davis price rookie chrome blue to 35 Sims Carson strong here at Wilson Ronde Barber legends purple to 50 John Elway Alice Clark on Dale Robinson, and this is To 50 many Aaron Rodgers Campbell rookie Kenny Pickett J. Hawkinson red to 299 Andre Ryzen he leaves that and one of two Under the lights gold cracked ice auto Aaron Rodgers There you go, Alec very nice hit Awesome a rod one of two Mag that one for you. There's a rod tie law Dotson, there's Kenny Pickett rookie silver chrome insert Joe Montana Christian Watson Reese Hall my single Terry Pierce Romeo Dobbs Matt Ryan to 199 bar two packs to go Walker to October George Pickens last pack Callister Brian Sam Owl this is To 99 rookie Jersey Auto Romeo Dobbs You go Alec excellent box another packer hit for you there and Mike Ditko on the back That'll do it for your box. Good stuff. Congrats on that a rod. We'll get these right out to you. Thanks, Alec


It's a under somehow. Yeah. I mean, it's. Yeah. Okay. Should I wear. Yes. Microphone. Okay. Okay. So, so the second talk of the session is given by Professor Lenny Blasman from Yale. Good morning. It's great to be here in person. We had another time. So, I'll talk about. Andre reflection. Okay. In scanning. So it's again, Andrea. And it's somewhat ready to the previous talk at least in terminology. I'll try to try to. Yeah. Come to it. So, here's the. The auto and I'll try to follow. So I'll first I'll motivate. And then I'll do the long introduction actually. So I'll discuss only conductance and how the. The density of states is recovered from experiments. In my serious understanding. Oh, I see. Okay, just a second. Let's try to. Must be pulling there. Yeah. Okay. Okay, so, and then I'll. Discuss how to go beyond a totally approximation. And to do the non perturbative relation of conductance. And I mentioned three known pass. You'll see which pass. I mean, which are well developed first wave superconductivity. And we'll see how to generalize one of this ways. To, to look at beyond the S wave. Now, then I'll just present the final analytical result. And we'll discuss what can be learned out of it in terms of what are the characteristics of the order parameter, how it affects the spectrum from Victor strong tunneling. I'll talk a little bit about experimental applications, not too much. And conclude. So, as the motivation. The motivation is hunting for unusual. So, then a counter to the S wave superconductivity and goes back on memory memory memory, at least to high TC. Here are two figures of the face diagram. From two different reviews. One kind of artists like another one is more steam like. The diagrams are similar and we see that there is competition between phases. Well, everything is controlled by competition between various kind of quasi-insulating phases, quasi or magnetic phases and superconductivity as interplay actually leads to unusual ways of pairs of pairing electrons in the superconducting state, which some people will know. And there are manifestations of non-space superconductivity in de-wave materials that go back to wonderful curly experiments with seeing a trapped flux or just the ground state flux in a specially prepared ring of ITC and to ARPIS. So here is ARPIS examples. And basically in ARPIS one can see that the gap in some direction turns zero. So basically by now it's well established that superconductivity which basically lives in AV planes, there are kind of four loops of de-wave structure with the perimeter, it's too positive to negative and there are some directions where the gap is vanishing and that's what actually this graph illustrates. It's back in mid-nitis. Now another way to see the gap structure is in STM, actually in STM there were two different directions of studies, so-called quantum quasi-particle interference effects, which I will not discuss at all and just more direct or straightforward, I would say, way to look at it at the properties of the spectroscopy. So the principle of STM is shown on this figure. So basically there is a needly tip that goes close to the surface of the material and actually by the exponential virtue of the decay of the wave functions, the sensitivity of this instrument is much higher than the geometry may tell you because basically the trajectories, the imaginary times, the trajectories of electrons, the tunnel from a tip into the surface basically form a very narrow cone and exponentially decay if you try to make this cone wider. So that actually leads to remarkable sensitivity space-wise but also one may just park this thing at one point and measure every characteristics and then DIDV actually tells you about the nature of the density of states as we will see at a given point. And here's an example. So actually that's from Oisin Fischer et al. Ravey article and this kind of things is that what Oisin Fischer was doing for years. If one can look, for example, at this conventional spec inductor in magnetic field and if one parks tip at the part of the vortex, then one sees more or less normal density of, normal IV characteristic and concludes the density of states is constant. And if you go away, then it's BCS and there is a gap. Now, so here is kind of a various cases of superconductivity. Starting actually, I found the graph in Giver's Nobel lecture and it is a nice graph in the sense that actually it shows DIDV normalize to the normal DIDV and there are numbers, one, two, three and so on. Quite often people use something like arbitrary units which actually may be somewhat deceptive. But what's important is that this is a conventional superconductor, it's lead in contact with manganese through a insulating barrier and there is a well-defined gap. And this is an obium, also a very well-defined gap. Now, even in more exotic materials like boron carbide, which is actually anti-framagnetic, still as wave superconductivity is alive and well and there's actually angles telling yesterday, anti-framagnetism is not so harmful because there are some still symmetry you can flip things and shift. So it's not very surprising. Now, in high-TC, citation is different and there is what is called pronounced this shape of the DIDV. Now, in some experiments, actually this shape goes way down and almost touches zero. So this color graph is from Jenny Hoffman's lab if I remember right. And basically what she measured DIDV at different points of a sample and sample is inhomogeneous. So the curves are different or somewhat different, but the commonality is that it's V-shape everywhere. Now, actually this is BISCA 2201. I think it's, it's a Fisher-Magioprili experiment and it's again V-shape, but it doesn't go to zero. And I'm not sure if it's resolved to why that or not, still. Now, again, samples may be homogeneous. So inhomogeneous, this is an example actually, this is Magioprili of a very uniform ethium Ipka, one, two, three. And it's remarkably uniform and this V-shape is more or less unchanged from point to point. So that was in the times in high days of high-TC. Now, what we've also tried at that time was looking at what I would call strong tunneling. Into cuprace. So one may make a junction at that time, it was mostly not STM junctions, but just spattered or whatever junctions which have a large conductance and the area may be small or large. It's actually important because what may matter is not just the conductance, but the transmission coefficient of a barrier. And these are two different things because conductance just scales with the area of the junction whereas transmission coefficient is independent of the area, right? So you can get the same value of conductance by making area smaller, but transmission larger. And some quantity scale not linearly with transmission but it's some higher powers and then it matters. So strong tunneling, I would mean to know it's large transmission coefficients rather than just large conductance of the junction. So if one tries to make a stronger contact into AB planes, so just kind of tunneling from the top, basically there is no clear effect happening if you increase the transmission coefficient. But if one tunnels into another phase, especially into AB plane, 110, sorry, 110, then actually there is an effect. And that's from the review of the torture. Also experiments were done in mid 90s. So as you see for tunneling into the side, so basically if you have AB plane, it's tunneling in plane tunneling across a line which has direction 110. And that corresponds to tunneling as shown on this sketch in the direction that corresponds to a nodal point. Then there is a clear zero bias peak in DIDV, again, a storm less conductance, I apologize, but that's what experimentalists did. Once again, so here's a geometry and as you see, this contact is in a very uncomfortable direction. The layers go vertically and one tunnels, one has a contact on the kind of on the side. So that was this high TC. Now there is one more thing which kind of goes together with the previous slide. And actually I didn't know about the experiments before yesterday, so one may try to go with a tip on a grain of high DC, in this case it was YBCO. And so the grain is in natural direction, so the AB planes are horizontal, but one may tunnel into the middle of the grain or at the edges. And skipping details, there are two very characteristic points somewhere far away from the edges, of the grain and then it's this proverbial shape. And, but once you tune to a point that corresponds to the 110 phase, which is just a point here because it's cutting or it's in different, it's along 100 and 010 directions, the real ages. So if you go to the corner, then, voila, there is a peak. So that again goes together with the previous slide where the tunneling was done on purpose into the side phase of the crystal. So now new stuff. So things kind of, I would say there was a flashback and this field exploded again with TBG twisted by layer graphene discovery. And I think this diagram is in memory of every person now. So basically, again, it looks like ADC and there is superconductivity and correlate insulator, all kinds of phases. Again, it's because of the narrow bends and strong interactions. And there are competing phases, conjecture of pneumatic superconductivity. There is experiment and some series. So again, it's a transport experiment. So no tunneling. And again, the conclusions were kind of cautious. There was no, definitely statement about, nodal superconductivity, D wave, but the possibility of having something like D or P wave superconductivity. And conveniently there is a theory, which actually, it's one of the understandable papers, where just having pairings that couple various one-half singularity, one-half saddle points, one can develop various scenarios for getting to spaghetti state. And there are possibilities of having the states which break spatial symmetry, but keep time reversal intact or break both spatial and time reversal symmetries. So this A2, E1 and E2 are representations, just the one-dimensional, two-dimensional representation and two components of two-dimensional representation of C3 group that characterizes the actually D C3 group that characterizes the material. So now what about tunneling? Once again, of course, people tried it. So now there are no layers, it's just single layer, right? So no tunneling into the plane, at least on purpose. So just from the top. And on TBG, there is a recent work, which actually prompted us to do this study theoretically that shows V shape in the conventional regime of weak tunneling. And actually this is a good example. It does tell the numbers. So 30 nanosemons, and I'll tell what nanosemons is in a second. So this is, and trust me, it's a weak junction. It's a very large resistance. Or if you remember what nanosemons is, now in trial layer graphene, there is the work from Caltech and they think of the possibility of having a transition of some kind between the nodulus and nodal gaps at differing fielding factors. It's all in whole doping between minus two, minus three, if I remember right, as well as the twisted by layer. Now, I'm not sure I understood the theory arguments in the paper about the transition, but meanwhile I learned about an older work of Goray Redzhovsky and Andreyov, which do have a discussion, actually that's about the possible BCSBC transition as per resonance. So basically, my understanding is very simple, that you may, okay, so if you have almost three particles, you can construct by some interaction a P wave or a USB connector, which will be gap full and will not break the reversal. But then if you increase the interaction, eventually the two telephones must form some kind of a molecule and there's some kind of energy to pull it apart. So basically, there should be a gap in a single particle spectrum, although at the macroscopic level, it's still this perglon dow and you may have d wave order parameter. And that would correspond actually to d wave, but it must be gap full just because of this simple energy considerations. And that's, again, a way to understand in my view what these people see and tell. Now, yep, yep, right, yeah, right, yeah. That's excellent question. It's a perfect segue to what I'll do later. So jumping ahead, it's because of Andrea reflection. So we're seeing you that Andrea reflection, as I understand it, it's a two electron tunneling. There's nothing is reflected, it's just two electrons a tunnel in a single quantum act, okay? So you take one electron tunnel through the barrier, it sits in a virtual state, wait for a counter part. Another one comes and they form a copper pair, right? So it's like one coherent act in which you tunnel two particles. So you have a product of tunneling amplitudes and this is still an amplitude of a process, okay? Now you have to calculate conductors, you have to square the amplitude and give the amplitude to the force power, right? So that's the difference. And that's why actually you don't, the Andrea conductors doesn't scale the same way as single particle conductors, right? So that's why this normalization to just normal conductance may be deceptive because it can make a transmission coefficient very small and increase the size of the barrier and have the same conductance, but you'll completely kill Andrea by making transmission small, does it answer? Okay, thanks. Okay, so now going further about numbers, so thanks for this question again. So the unit transmission for kind of a point contact where there is just one channel, one dimensional channel if you wish for electrons, your response to conductance, which is around 80 times 10 to minus four microseconds. So in tunneling, I assume is a point contact, especially on the scale of Murray pattern. So that's why I would call a certain nanosemons a big junction and say 150 microseconds, a strong junction where the conductance is close to the quantum unit, so meaning the transmission is order of one, okay? So this is the difference between weak and strong, all right? And again, in this respect, STM is kind of simple because it really is a point contact. So basically the kind of the smallest of the Fermi wavelengths electrons kind of seeps through some very small, yeah? Right, yeah, that's exactly what I'm telling now that I assume that, oh yeah, sure, yeah. So the question was, do I assume that there is a single channel in the tip? Now again, what is channel? You may imagine for a second a contact of some area and measure area units of the Fermi wavelengths, okay? So that would be the number of channels. And yes, I assume that the STM tip is a single channel contact with transmission between zero and one, okay? How good is this assumption? It's a bit of a question. I personally think that in the case of graphene of TBG especially, of TBG, where the Fermi wavelength is tiny in the material, I think it's a reasonable assumption. As long as the contact is less than the size of the moire unit cell, right? Right, absolutely, this is true. Nevertheless, the point of the tip, there may be in some special cases, maybe not a single channel because of the symmetry of the atom that sticks out. Right, yeah, but tip is very sharp. And actually, again, look, I mean, one should talk to experimenters, but they also kind of dip the tip into something and then take it out to make it sharper. So as far as I understand, usually it's a reasonable assumption, but it's a good question and you'll see that actually the assumption leads us into a ditch in this particular case. So yeah, so this is the strong tunneling data. And again, what I guess we thought incorrectly, but not probably, but what we took at face value, you know that, okay, it's interesting that basically in some experiment we go from V shape to a maximum in the conductance at stronger tunneling. And how does it happen kind of defied our imagination or at least our understanding. So now just a few words about the standard things. Now, the conventional scanning tunnel experiment measurements of in the BCS, conventional BCS regime, the standard way to do it is just to write tunnel Hamiltonian. So this is the tip three particles. This is to do material that we explore, but suppose it's just BCS superconductor. And then tunnel Hamiltonian that is in the case of point like tunneling has matrix elements that the products of the wave functions in the tip and in the sample at the same point, at the same point in plane, right? So R zero. So there is one parameter in this Hamiltonian and it's a model Hamiltonian. So this parameter is in the model, but one should get rid of it at the end if you want to express observable in terms of observable. So then the standard things, it's BCS or bugaloo representation of Fermi, electron Fermi operators, the conventional expression for the excitations in the superconductor with the spectrum excitations, which is conventional square root. And if it's not S waves, then delta depends on the direction on K vector on the Fermi surface. And one can just write the Fermi's golden rule. Now you sub K of R zero here is the wave function of electron in the 2D. So in principle, it's some block function at a given point R zero. And then it's standard manipulation. Basically one can divide out the normal state densities of states. And I'm sure that I screwed up the coefficient, but basically the normal conductance is proportional to this model parameter T mod squared times the density of states, products of density of states in the tip and in the 2D in the normal state, right? And as a result, one has this wonderful formula that DIDV in superconducting state equals, not proportional, but equals to the normal conductance divided by the normal density of states in the solid material times the BCS density of states at energy EV, actually at energy mode EV, things are particle symmetric. And maybe for some more conventional formula is basically the density that DIDV is proportional to the imaginary part of retired green function at a given point and given energy. So the important thing that in the two last expressions, the model parameter is chased out and DIDV is expressed in terms of the measurable quantity which is normal conductance, okay? So that's the essence of phenomenology that you may have a model, but better express everything in the model in terms of things that can be accessed. So what do we have in case of this lowest order tunneling? Okay, DIDV is proportional to the density of states in BCS and if it says wave, then there is a hard gap. So zero DIDV up to the gap value. And then there is one whole singularity which is one over square root textbook thing. Another thing that is perhaps almost as textbook that in case of nodal superconductivity, very simple analysis of the same integral over momenta gives you a mode EV behavior as small biases. This is the proverbial shape and a bit less known. So there is still one whole singularities but they are weaker, it's a logarithmic order peaks, okay? And again, it's very simple. I mean, it's similar to some formulas that Harris was showing yesterday in a more sophisticated setting. Pardon? Yeah, thanks, yeah. So thank you very much. 2D, I mean, in 3D there are some, actually even with STM, there are some more difficult, not difficult, but additional things because then there is some angular dependence. So let's discuss 2D, it's, yep. Okay, so now, wait, so now, but how to deal with arbitrary transmission, right? So I'll expose several ways to go. They're all kind of bitten paths. So it's, there is no any, anything unusual here. So the first path is what was done by Blunter-Chickelman-Clapevac, it's a famous BTK paper in 1982. And basically, okay, what can we do? We can just do one dimensional problem, one side normal method, another side, superconductor, BDG, Poglio-Digene equations, a barrier, and just, just barrel through just matching the wave functions, solve transmission problem, and write current, okay? And this was done. Now, the barrier that was chosen in this work was a delta function barrier with the stress characterized by parameter Z. And that's in experimental papers, they love it, just everything in terms of Z. Now, one can find the idea, for example, analytically, it's not very difficult. For example, at EV less than delta, one gets this kind of expression that depends of course on EV and on Z. Now, they did everything, they just looked at various values of Z, but what is important, they experimentally, so what is important that still this Z is directly related to the normal conductance, but in a very simple way. And it's very straightforward to re-express things so that Z vanishes and everything is pressed in terms of the observable conductance, which actually enters in various places, including the denominator of this expression, for example, okay, so that was BTK 1D. Now, if it uses what is called Andrea approximation and things work out only when delta over EF is small, now, if it's not small, then you can get anything and it will be extremely model dependent because in this case, basically even without a barrier, you have two media with different refraction coefficients, so to speak, so you'll best get anything. And if you don't believe me, you can look at this quoted paper and see what one may get if you abandon the Andrea approximation. So the peak actually, so this peak is the one whole singularity and it fix a delta, you cannot shift it. The thing that happens when you change Z, which is transmission coefficient, is that what you get, what is called sub-gap conductance. So here there is no tunneling, very big tunneling, you make something stronger, you start getting conductance below the gap and then it gets larger and at Z equals zero, which actually you get to full transmission at the flat top. Okay, so that was 1D. Now, one can generalize 1D to a flat boundary, of course, because you can separate variables. And most interesting thing was done by Tanaka in this respect, and this peak for 110 phase was actually obtained directly by him. He capitalized on the earlier papers that discovered the mid-gap surface state in D-wave TRS preserving superconductor by chair and who. And one thing that is not parallel conservation is crucial for this bus and there is no way to generalize it on a point like tunneling except if it's a wave. Now I have to confess. So this building is worn and that's because it's here for a long time. So there was a conference held here in 1997, 25 years ago, actually. And it turns out that I was one of his organizers. Now, and actually Tanaka was speaking in this very room. And I still remember this talk, not that I understood much of what he was telling, but this is written by Den Ralph and Vinay Ambigayakar and they master language much better than me. So there was a wonderful personal, as I discovered yesterday, personal reflection. I think it's by Vinay about the way to summarize the presenters of theory.  So, which is perfect segue for me to discuss pass two. So one starts with Tanaka-Miltonian and then just both the user green functions try to evaluate conductance to all orders. Well, you will try to do it. And that was actually attempted by this paper and it's non-equilibrium, it's a waste of scattering, but non-equilibrium, so it's Keldish all the stuff with green functions. So in principle, you can express current in terms of the green functions and then write Dyson equation with fairly simple self-energy, but still this equation is not easy to solve. And then the result basically, if you call it the result, here it is, it's a one, a two, a three, a eight. Still we use somewhere this condition delta over EF, but not to the full glory of it and then what? So you still have a parameter T in front and it enters in all these green functions. Okay, so in a way, you can put it on computer and to give it to another student or you try to express things so that they are cast back in terms of the conductance. Okay, so you do the thing and then you pray. And it actually turns out that the prayer was answered before the prayer itself. So here's the second part of this paragraph. And it's been popularized as not profits. So actually, I don't think that this is an insult because if you don't understand the formula, doesn't help much having it. So the way this answer to the prayers basically was done in round 92. And that was utilization to a better way, a better utilization of this Andrea condition delta over EF much less than one. So basically you can imagine that in terms of green functions basically you have to do partial summations that would cross over from the potential of the barrier to the transmission amplitudes, to scattering matrix. And that basically what this scattering formalism does in abbreviated form. And what you do is just you tunnel the particle, it scatters off a superconductor acquiring some face and changing to a whole. And it can tunnel out or scatter again off the barrier. And then there is another process and so on. And then you basically sum the subsequent Andrea reflections. And the summation is if you did it done it's just a critical series. And here is the result. And it's already a phenomenological form because everything here is transmission coefficient. So T squared and R squared is one minus T squared. That's it, right? So, and then basically using that you plug it into the DIDV which can be written in this form. It's actually a BTK form that accounts for the particle reflection and whole reflection for the coming electron. So there are two channels. You can refer to the particles if all that's it. And basically the final result does have this form and it helps to navigate along the past two to the very same result. So in terms of S waves, I would say that's in my view ideal as long as we keep Andrea condition intact. So we tried to implement past two actually. So we did this thing. We tried to implement past two and not only giving it to postdoc but also trying ourselves and it was hopeless. So not like for the lack of trying, you know. So eventually, it was a space to think and basically one can adapt with binocular thing for the STM configuration. So the difference is that here is that basically it's a funny single mode problem because this scattering matrix element S simultaneously describes scattering of 2D electrons on a tip without going into a tip, but just back scattering. Okay, so it's like, if you look at on the elliptical, there is a section on inelastic scattering which people skip, but actually that's about, it's exactly this section. So the electron that comes onto the tip, it may go into the tip and this kind of inelastic process for from the point of view of 2D or it may be just scattering. And if you have any transmission, that means also they have scattering. It's just unitarity. So this is the thing that basically there is kind of a combination of two-dimensional scattering problem and tunneling. And one can also account for the block functions by generalizing S wave to a projection on the proper block function taken at point R zero. And then basically you do the same thing. You account for the conversion of particle into whole, but now it's directional, okay? Because delta is a function of K, the scattering phase, back-scattering phase or under-scattering phase depends on wave vector. And then basically one does the same thing with summation. It is more mathematically involved, but still as long as it's a single channel or small number of channels, it is a solution of an integral equation with a separable kernel, which we know how to do. And skipping details, basically one can generalize this expression that was in the S wave to what is shown here, where S node is scattering a matrix. So it's a complex number, mod less than one. And this A are expressible in terms of the of the under-scattering amplitudes. So, and one can do also for the, not only for the particle cold channel, but also for the particle reflection and get a scheme. It maybe it looks horrible, but you should look at it as a leg. You can explain it to the kid. So basically there are three ingredients, scattering matrix, block function, and gap, right? And out of the three blocks of Lego, you can construct an answer. So, and the answer basically leads you all the way to deriving the DIDV. So, once again, the ingredients here is a block function and gap that enters into the Andrea amplitude. Now, in the last kind of two, three minutes, I guess, right? 10 seconds, okay, plus two minutes. So, now if one looks at conductance, you can analyze quite a bit just looking at various limits. So at zero bias in arbitrary transmission, one has to analyze this expression. So it's average over the Fermi surface of mod squared of block function times delta over mod delta. And assuming that there's only crummers at given K, UK is one dimensional rep. So mod UK squared is a constant other point group symmetry. Now, it's very easy to show that actually delta of K, as long as it preserves latest point group symmetry, then delta over mod delta belongs to air irreducible representation and some statistic generalization of it is in that paper. And then the result is very simple. So if it's a S wave superconductivity trivial representation, then you have conventional Andrea reflection with twice unit conductance unit at zero bias. If it's non-trivial, then you get zero in the reflection at any reflection amplitude, any S naught. So basically here is a graph. This is the case of trivial representation in those show, but if it's not trivial representation, like D wave, then what one has is zero V shape at zero bias, no matter what at any transmission coefficient.  Now, if you have not seen the presentation, but you break TRS, then again, it's zero at zero bias, but it's zero all the way to the mod delta, to the mod delta. Now, if the point symmetry, if delta breaks the point symmetry, then things depend on whether TRS is preserved or not. So left is an example where TRS is preserved and the gap is real and in this example, not less. Now, this is an example of point group symmetry breaking and TRS broken. And again, I'm talking about tunneling into a symmetric point. So there is no problem with the block function symmetry. And that's actually these two examples is something related to this diagram, to different phases. Now back to experiment and they're all done. So it is not clear to us how to explain. We first thought that you can fine tune the parameters to mimic the data at large conductance, but what Ali mentioned to us is that the more plausible cause actually is that the point contact regime stops somewhere along this line because actually the unit conductance, twice unit conductance somewhere here. And if you drive tip closer to the sample, basically most probably you just, you make a hole in the sample and the junction becomes large. It's not a single channel, it's just macroscopic. Again, that's the current state of affairs. I don't know whether it's correct or not. That's what we are discussing. So lastly, conclusions. So I like the fact that we developed a flexible scheme that is free of model parameters. Basically you can describe the DIDV inspecting state through a minimal knowledge of the normal state properties and we see that actually a reflection provides plenty of additional information about the parameter symmetry in addition to the density of states which we know and love and ectonally. And there are extensions that we would like to pursue to account for spin orbit coupling, additional structure or what the parameter which is actually important and the possibility of magnetic tips in the effect of potential scattering, magnetic scattering. I think I'll stop here, thanks. Yeah, just a minute. Early on. So for this final anti-resonance, it goes to zero, of course, when it's a delta function. But if there is a relaxation there would be that energy relaxation or phase relaxation there, then that adds, and in practice, particularly for the tip, it probably is there. So that's why it's happening. You don't see a real going to zero anti-resonance. Absolutely. Same happens in optics. I mean, that's exactly it. I totally agree with you. And after all, I mean, when even numerically we put it, like if the singularity is very weak, so you really have to know to go very close to see it. So anything will be important if you're right. Do you assume in the calculation that the tunneling points is a high-sinture point? Yeah, okay, good. So thank you. So I'm advertising one more that we don't assume. So for example, this expression, there is a block function at a tunneling point, okay? And it may be any point. It doesn't have to be high symmetry point. So this expression actually allows one to see the effects of symmetry of the block functions and delta separately. And actually, if you move away from a high symmetry point in the latest and this guy doesn't have a symmetry respect to K anymore, then the v-shape, for example, may start not from zero, but from finite value. That's actually one of the possibilities why people see v-shape not going all the way to zero. You're saying the Andrea reflection is still absent in when the tunneling point is- No, no, no. Sorry for talking. No, for Andrea reflection is absent. If you're at high symmetry point, I didn't try it, okay, so I'm sorry. So if you're at high symmetry point and delta respects the symmetry of latest but belongs to non-trivial representation, then it's zero. Otherwise it's not and you go away from zero. So even for high Tc, if your tunnel is not exactly into copper atom, but away, there is no guarantee that you have v-shape going all the way to zero. It's still v-shape, but it starts from some pedestal. Thank you. Okay. I have a very naive question. In the even last data that you showed, there is a symmetry between positive and negative even. Yes. The peak seen in one side and essentially no peak in seen in the other side. Right. So your theory completely symmetric with respect to sign change of v. In other words, can it be that the resonance is killed on one side and not killed on the other side? Yes, thanks. Again, it's naive question. That's again, very close to my heart question. So again, I'm not telling that the theory can describe the data, but it's not symmetric in the sign of v under the following condition. You may have potential scattering. There is no need in any kind of magnetic scattering, potential scattering, but for the range of biases where you are between the minimal and maximum value of the gap, the symmetry is present and it's a weird effect of interference between two different ways to go from a tip into a quasi-particle state in the superconductor. You can do it directly in some direction where you are above the gap or you can do it while under reflection as intermediate point into some other direction where you are below the gap. Okay. You can just cook up as a model and see how it works. And this interference actually gives you this asymmetry. The amazing thing you know that the density of states per se doesn't change. If you look at these expressions that I have shown in terms of denominators, they're all perfectly particle-symmetric and there is nothing, there is no harbinger of what will happen. So denominator here is particle-symmetric, but the numerators with interference effects it's in the numerators. Let's thank, let me check. Any question online? So let's thank Lenny. So the next, so we have a coffee break. What time should we eat? So then third talk begins, starts at 11.15. Thank you. I think people are already, I think start to sign but at the end of the day.


Okay. From Bahrain, it's theCUBE, covering AWS Public Sector Bahrain, brought to you by Amazon Web Services. Everyone, welcome to theCUBE's conversation here. We are in Bahrain for Amazon Web Services Summit, our second summit here. Big news, Amazon Web Services announced the availability of the region in the Middle East. I'm here with the Chief of Public Sector, Teresa Carlson, Vice President of Worldwide Public Sector. This is a huge milestone, this event. Juan, just in terms of the event, the interest across multiple countries in the region. Yes. And you have a new region with multiple availability zones. Yes. Up and running, congratulations. Yay, we launched the confetti today. And yes, we are up and open for business. And we do, it's a hyperscale region with three availability zones and lots of activity already here in the Middle East. But it really is a substantial kind of milestone because we started this sometime back and the Middle East was one of the top regions around the world requested by our partners and customers. And now here we are. We've been talking with you for many, many years and I loved interviewing you. But this one to me feels like it's not the weight off your shoulders. You're at the start line of another marathon. You've achieved so much with this because what's interesting about Bahrain and we've reported on this on SiliconANGLE and our other sites is that you did a lot of work here. This is not just turning on a region. There's a lot of government commitment, cloud first, full modernization, fintech banking systems, a full replatforming of a government and society and Amazon's powering a lot of it and causing a lot of economic growth. So this is a big deal. It really is a big deal because like you said, it really is about digital transformation here. And when I met the Crown Prince in 2014, we had this conversation about really creating the economy here in a different way because Bahrain itself is not an oil rich country but a smaller country with lots and lots of tourism. But then this region, while we have it based here in Bahrain, this is truly a Middle East GCC region. And part of the reason to start it here in Bahrain was that they really did take a lead in government transformation. As you heard them say, they're going all in. Sheikh Salman today talked about government is moving really fast and they actually did the hard work to think about their telecommunications industry, their government regulations. They started with cloud first and then they've created all the right regulations to make this happen. So it is kind of phenomenal how quickly in some ways it feels slower than we'd like but it's really moved quite fast. It's pretty fast. You should get a lot of kudos for that. I think you will. But I think to me what's interesting in the news here is that there is a balance between regulation and innovation going on. And regulation can be hampering innovation in some cases and not enough regulation. You have a Facebook situation. Right, yes. So it's a balance. These guys have done it right. But to me the tell sign is the fintech community. Because that's where the money is. So the central bank and then the ABC bank are all talking about APIs all in with Amazon. That's going to create an ecosystem for innovation startups, et cetera. It totally is and you heard the individual from ABC bank today talk about their platform, what they're doing with cloud and the reason they chose AWS was because we had this region in Bahrain and they wanted to move quickly and the regulations now have been updated in a way that actually allows them to do their banking applications in the cloud. There's also a startup accelerator here, Fintech Bay, and they're doing a ton of work with new types of financial applications. So it's so exciting to see this kind of happen in the Middle East where I think a lot of people thought it would be much slower. We have a ways to go. It's still day one for sure but all the building blocks are getting there in the right place to really make this happen. And you know, Andy Jassy's quote in the announcement you guys had just a couple of weeks ago in July, the clouds of chance to unlock digital transformation in the Middle East is Andy Jassy. Obviously unlocking is a key word because now you have customers from startups to large enterprises. An ecosystem of APN partners. So the APN group is here. So you have global ISVs here and new ISVs. You got the government and the education. And to me, the news of the show to me at least maybe it's not the big news but is that you guys are, they're offering a computer, a cloud computing degree for the first time. So talk about that news. You are right in terms of kind of every sector is picking up but like in most places around the world, this is not unique, we need skills. And we've got to make sure that we are teaching the skills working backwards from what the employer needs like AWS. So what we've done here, we announced today, we're launching our first cloud computing degree at the University of Bahrain. And they're kind of doing this really unusual, John. They're gonna do a phase one where they offer a cloud certification starting in the early 2020 with every program at the University of Bahrain whether you're in finance or banking or business or healthcare or law, you can do this cloud computing certification which gets you going and helps you understand how you utilize cloud in your business. And then in the fall, we'll be announcing the four year starting the four year cloud computing degree. And that is in conjunction with our AWS Educate Program and it will be all the right cloud skills that are needed to be successful. Talk about the demographics in this country because one of the things that's coming up is when I talk to people in the hallways, I had some chance to talk to some local folks last night that are all in an Amazon. The theme is this, this younger generation is here and they have different expectations. They all want to work hard.  They want to build companies. They want to change. This is a key factor in the Bahrain modernization as the young generation. Well, all across the Middle East, the thing that's unique about the Middle East is the very young population. You have millions of gamers across the Middle East. As an example, they had Comic-Con and Saudi like two years ago. And that was one of the most popular things was Fortnite as soon as the region got up. All the different gaming started taking place. But we want to create a culture of builders here. And the way you do that is what you said, John, putting it into their hands, allowing these young people to have the tools, create a startup, become an entrepreneur, but they need to have access to these tools. And sometimes capital is often not that easy to get. So they want to make sure that the capital that they are given or that they have, whether it's bootstrap capital or venture capital funding or whatever, friends and family, they want to make sure that they can use that capital to the greatest advantage to build that company out. And I truly believe that this is going to help them having that AWS Cloud region. I mean, you saw today, we have 36 companies that launched their offering in the region on the day we actually announced so that they had specific offerings for the Middle East, which is pretty exciting. I mean, that's a lot on day one. I mean, it's still day one, as you guys always say, but literally day one, they were launching. I want you to comment if you can just share some insights. I know your passion for entrepreneurship. You guys are also some skill development investing a lot. You had a women in tech power panel this morning. There's major changes going on. You guys are providing a lot of incentives, a lot of mentoring, there's internships in conjunction with Bahrain. There's a lot of good things. Share some of the new things that you're working on, maybe deals you're talking about doing or vision. We announced two kind of new things today. Well, one is we have our WePower tech program, which I am of course, super passionate about. And that is about providing tech learning and skills to women and underserved in represented communities. So we announced three other training programs here across the Middle East time. So those were put up today and you'll continue to see us roll more and more of those out. And the other thing we did yesterday, we announced a internship program with the Minister of Youth here in Bahrain with Shayt Nasser, who's a very famous, he's the King's son and he's a very famous sportsman. He does, he just won the Ironman in 2016. He was the world champion. He does endurance horse racing. So he's someone that the youth look up to here. And so he's doing all these programs. So we announced a partnership that we're the first group doing the internship with this youth program. And so we're very excited. We're going to start that small and scale it, but we want to get these young people quickly and kind of get them excited. But here, what they focus on, it is underrepresented communities. So it fits so nicely in with what we're doing with WePower tech. So you have both all of our training are over 400 online courses that we offer with AWS Educating Academy. Now our degree, now our internship program and WePower tech. So John, we're just getting going. I'm not saying that this is all we'll offer, but these are the things that we're getting going with. And we need to make sure we also tailor things like this Ministry of Youth program and sports to the region in terms of what are their local needs? And we'll make sure that we're always looking at that. And the interns just get them some great experience. Yes. So they can earn it and feel good about themselves. This is kind of a key local thing, not just getting an internship. And I think locally it will be about teaching them to do that disagree and commit, really have that backbone to build that company and ask all those hard questions. So we're really going to try to indoctrinate them into the Amazon AWS culture so we can help them be entrepreneurs like we are every day. And you've got the data center here, you've got the data centers, you've got the regions up and running. And it's architected perfectly so it's up and running with people in it. Are you going to staff that with local talent or is it going to be Amazonians coming in? What's the makeup of staff going to be? What's the strategy? I mean, our goal is to hire as many local talent. Everywhere we go around the world, we want to get local talent because you can't, if we do, first of all, we don't have enough people in our headquarters to bring folks in here. So we really have to train and educate. But locally, we have an office open here in Bahrain. We have an office open in Dubai and one down in Saudi. And that is local talent. I mean, we are trying to use as much local talent and we'll continue to create that. And that's kind of the point, John, I was talking about the degree, working backwards from what the employer needs. We want to give input because we think we also are a good employer. You've got openings. Yeah, so we need to get the talent, but we need those other individual employers that keep telling us we need more cloud skills to give that input. But yeah, we're excited.  Yeah. Get them into the job market. That's right, quickly. And Native Education has been doing great. Learned a lot. This is a whole opportunity for people who want to make money. Yeah. Get a job. It's just Amazon web services.  We hire a SageMaker person tomorrow. There you go. We had one. But the point of being a builder, what we're seeing more and more, John, are these companies and government entities are building their talent internally. They're not outsourcing everything anymore. And the whole culture of being a builder, not just outsourcing all that, and that's what AWS really helps all these entities do, is move quicker by having kind of some in-house talent and not outsourcing everything to slow you down, but really do that in-house. Well, the bank ABC pointed that out beautifully and his point was, hey, I'm all in on AWS. We have domain expertise. We have data. That's our initial property. We're going to use that and be competitive and partner and finish that. Yes. It's a new model. It's a new operating model. Right, it is. And that IP stays in-house with that company or entity or government organization. It was so fun for me today to hear shake Salman from IGA talk about the government is moving fast. And I think that's an example of they really are. They figured out cloud helps them just go a lot faster and save money with security. Well, I'm glad you brought that up. I know you got a short time here, but I want to one last point in, we've been talking a lot about modernization of government, your success with the CIA in the United States, Jedi contracts still under consideration, all this going on. You're experiencing by range is an unbelievable fast moving government. They kind of get it. United States, some places gets it. This isn't really about focusing in on the workloads. What have you learned as you've been engaging these modernization efforts with the governments? Some are slow, some have political ramifications, all kinds of, no one wants to lose. The old guard will hold on to the deals. We've seen that in the news, but it's coming fast. What are you learning? What do you take away? Well, it's leadership. I mean, at the end of the day, all these things are driven by very strong leaders. And even you can see everybody today on stage, it is leaders that make a decision that they want to move faster and they want to modernize, but have the capabilities, no matter if you're the US Department of Defense, US Health and Human Resources, National Health Service in the UK or IGA here in Bahrain, the governments or enterprises that we work with around the world, the key is leadership. And if there's that leader that is really strong and says we're moving, then you actually see organizations move a lot faster. If you see people kind of waffling or I'm not sure, you know, that's when you kind of see the slowness, but wow, what I will tell you is from the early days of starting this business in 2010, the individuals that always move fastest were the mission owners. Because the mission owners of whatever the business was at a governmental level or enterprise, they said we need to keep our mission going. So that's the reason they wanted to walk through this transformation. And now I think with developers coming in, you're starting to see these employees with these companies saying no, no, what's the reason why we can't go faster? That's right. There's now a groundswell of pressure you're seeing in both government, public sector and commercial. And you saw Mark Rowland today on stage talking about security. It is literally a day zero thing for us. And the reason a lot of our customers are moving faster now is because of security. Cloud is more secure and they're moving to the cloud for security because they feel like they can both optimize, move faster for workloads and now they have security. Better, faster, cheaper, security by design. Teresa, always a pleasure. Thank you for coming by and spending time. We really appreciate it. Thank you for coming to Bahrain. Thank you so much. We're going global with you guys seeing the global expansion, 22nd region, 69 availability zones, nine more coming, more regions, more. Amazing. You guys are doing great. Congratulations. Thank you. It's theCUBE. We are here in Bahrain for more coverage, global coverage of theCUBE with Teresa Carlson, Vice President of Worldwide Public Sector. She's running the show, doing a great job. We're here more after this short break. Stay with us.


What's up everybody? Jayce here from jaspyscasebreaks.com last break of the night 2019-20 panini mosaic solo Two box break picker team number four We randomize the pelicans if you buy two or more teams So if you buy two teams you get one entry by four teams you get two entries But six teams you get three entries and again all cards will ship and here are the customer names that bought in Boom So let's alphabetize by customer name and see who has two or more teams to get an entry to potentially win the pelicans So Alan got two and Andrew one two three four. So Alan and then Andrew gets two spots Anthony with two EA with two so both of you guys get a spot each God Jernigan with two and then in George one two three four so that's One entry and then two entries for George You have marked nation with one two three four five six seven eight entries or eight spots So that equals four entries Then we got Nick Stover with two Patrick with one and Sarah with two so Nick you get one entry Sarah you get one entry Very nice Now let's copy the names and paste them into the randomizer and Remember number one gets the pelicans after one out of five six times. Good luck one two three four five and Sixth and final time Sticks with Andrew. There you go. That's just six times Congratulations, man. You just won the pelicans All right guys There you go. Is anybody that's from the break actually still watching right now guys I'm gonna send a appreciation shout out for sticking up and being on this late with me And I was the first day of the work week for most people I don't want to stay up at one in the morning Pacific Four in the morning Eastern Appreciate you guys There you go, Andrew. Nice man. I appreciate that man. Good luck. Hey the heart but the the hard part is Technically done is to win the pelicans now The other hard part is to hopefully get you and get you those pelicans hits But on the bright side at least I'd like to say is that we haven't had any much pelicans hits the last four boxes That needs me to believe that there has to be a morse on Heidi in the rest of this case, so We'll see right now. We fine. I Know man. It's pretty late on the use coaster already. That's for sure So I appreciate you man and everybody else to watch you not too many people watching right now But I don't blame you guys But I know it's late Again, this will be our last break probably nothing else is sold and haven't had an order since we sold this out So we should be good Another solid day guys great great Monday two mixers We did about three of these breaks the two premier hockey case break to the hip array Pretty strong day Alan what's going on man? Well, thank you. I appreciate that and get you some new Customer mojo right here first time breaking module. I see you have the Golden State Warriors Cavaliers very nice It's 4 p.m. Over there. Oh It's afternoon over there already then nice You know, it's only it's only 1 a.m. Here for Eastern On the east side of the United States. So So in the early morning hours I Thank you, man.  So I'll get home right now and I'll usually be on my phone or just catching up on whatever I missed around the world or Whatever and it takes me about an hour or so to go to sleep. So I probably Will leave here and about so I'll finish this break in like 15 minutes Clean up I leave here in about like 30 45 minutes to get home in about 15 minutes And probably be up till I won't even lie probably till four in the morning. So But I won't have to be back. He'll be here until two o'clock in the afternoon. So I get some sleep for a little bit Just back at it again. Today was almost a 12 hour shift today guys. Thank you guys. You guys kept me busy. I got here at two o'clock By the time I'm done with this should be a little after one maybe 115. So call it almost 12 hours. So that's great And I guess that I don't mind staying longer than my normal eight hours Especially if we're busy and we're filling up breaks like we did today So Joe will be back tomorrow's normal one to nine All right, and Sean should be on late night and doing a couple hours at least till midnight But again, if you keep him busy, he does the same thing, right? He's he's on till the early morning hours and sometimes even later to like four or five of them Let's let's keep him late here tomorrow Like I said, there's some close breaks that I'm sure joe be able to knock off early tomorrow So get the day started early And then look out for some more breaks to be posted. I'm sure we'll get another basketball mixer I'll probably maybe football but baseball Should be some good stuff going up soon All right, I'm going to finish this off right and finish up the pink packs and then we'll go through the hits Yeah, I know people are really passing up those haughty more opportunities. So let's see if we can get some right away Old Paula Darius Basley Brandon Angrum PJ Washington Jr Russell Westbrook Holmes LeBron James inserts got game deer and fox Zach Collins taco Bogdanovich Silver Lou Williams and old Paula old school Kevin Garnett Darius Young Ben Simmons Cameron Johnson Little silver Kevin Knox wrong base Man, how about a Zion NBA debut? It's about time we seen some Zion here Showing us no love in the last couple breaks There you go Andrew Congrats, man. Hopefully more to come DeAndre Hunter Al Horford Diallo LeBron insert PJ Washington Jr Zach Levine LeBron insert Nico O'Malley Let's finish it off and then we'll penny sleeve those hits Brandon Clark And how about a Terence Van Prism Silver? Clippers that's going to mark LeBron MVPs for the Cavs. There you go, Alan. Nice And how about a Silver? Yannis onto the Gumpel MVPs. Very, very nice That is for the Bucks going to Anthony All right, next box says how about a Jamaran Green? Nice so far two nice greens of the top two rookies Grizzly is going to next over and it's Cantor Bogdanovich LeBron Green for the Lakers going to Andrew Kam Reddish Rajan Rondo little Jamaran NBA debut We got a little Will to win James Harden Cow Guy Daniel Russell Terence Mann A Kam Reddish Prism Silver Kobe White rookie Silver Magic Johnson Admiral Schofield Dan Adebayo Malcolm Brogdon, Cameron Johnson Little Magic Johnson Green Kam Reddish LeBron base Trey Young All right, Yannis MVPs Aaron Gordon Caldwell Pope Taco Jay Crowder and Yannis inserts Orange James Take your place The choice is to make you yours Which is beautiful We also make you yours Orange or yellow We try to make choices to push back and then we take out And then we can also make you yours How do you kind of model that So I want to choose the imping to what you do You guys, the other choices you make in the year The better off or all the other idea, we get to drink yours all right guys well good luck last little stack over there to the right and then we still have all the pink packs you got the lonely right wow that's our third Genesis in the third break tonight Wow Kelly Aubrey Jr. for the Suns that's three Genesis in the last three breaks man we were on a roll I was almost thinking that we're not gonna get a Genesis in this break Jay Jernigan with the Phoenix Suns there you go very nice this case is a hot case guys honestly this case has been monstrous I remember breaking these many cellopacks from a case and there being that many Genesis parts and we said the pink packs good look us ok Paula rookie we got a Zion NBA debut there you go more Zion and color as well there you go last Bob Mojo little pink camel very nice Brandon Clark and VP's LeBron James for the Cavaliers that's new customer Mojo Allen with the Cavs how about that man that is coming your way yonder hunter rookie Steph Curry you have a Luka Donchich little PJ Washington Jr. Nicola Melly the Andre Hunter Saku Dumboya MVP set Steph Curry there is Garland how about another Zion whoo Mark good job staying up and watching this live there you go more Zion color Cam Reddish Dylan Wendler Covey White for the Bulls going to Nick and Bruno Fernandes what was about time cab honestly last two breaks no Pelicans like no Zion actually I shouldn't say no Pelicans but now Steph USA would go to the Warriors yes it'll be the team he's currently on so that would also go to you Allen there you go so there you go guys I'll penny sleeve all those but Coby white pink Zion really LeBron another Zion a Genesis that's three in a row guys John Ryan green Zion green LeBron James slam jam slam dunks jam Masters and a John Ryan base and a lot more as well so much value appreciate it guys this is Pikachu number four there should be another one up soon guys Pikachu number five on Jasper's case breaks.com


Hey everyone, it's Vegas. Welcome back.  We appreciate that. We always love being able to bring you some great content on theCUBE live from AWS Reinvent 22. Lisa Martin here with Paul Gillin. Paul, we have had such a great event. We've, I think we've done nearly 70 interviews since we started on theCUBE on Monday night. I believe we just hit 70. Yeah. We just hit 70. You must feel like you've done half of them. I really do. But we've been having great conversations. There's so much innovation going on at AWS. Nothing slowed them down during the pandemic. We love also talking about the innovation, the flywheel that is their partner ecosystem. We're going to have a great conversation about that next. And as we've said, going back to day one, the energy of the show is remarkable. And here we are. We're getting late in the afternoon on day two and there's just as much activity, just as much energy out there as the beginning of the first day. I have no doubt day three will be the same. I agree. There's been no slowdown. We've got two guests here. We're going to have a great conversation. Chuck Spavota joins us. Senior Director of Cloud Services, GTM at Red Hat. Great to have you on the program. And Ted Stanton, Global Head of Sales, Red Hat and IBM at AWS. Welcome. Thanks for having us. How's the show going so far for you guys? It's a blur. Is it? Oh my gosh. Not at all a blur? Well, yes. Yes. I actually liked last year a bit better. It was half the size. It was a lot easier to get around. But this is back to normal. It is back to normal. And Ted, we're hearing north of 50,000 in-person attendees. I heard something, I think it was published, I heard the second hand, over like 300,000 online attendees. This is maybe the biggest one we ever had. Yeah, I would agree. And frankly, it's my first time here. So I am massively impressed with the overall show, the meeting with partners, the meeting with customers, the announcements that were made. Just fantastic. And if you remember back to two years ago, there were a lot of questions about whether in-person conferences would ever return the volume that we used to see them. And that appears to be the case. I think we've answered. I think Amazon AWS has answered that for us, which I'm very pleased to see. Talk about some of those announcements, Ted. There's been so much. That's always one of the things we know and love about re-invent is there's slew of announcements. You were saying this morning, Paul and then Kino, you lost, you stopped counting after 15. I lost counting after 15. I think it was over 30 announcements this morning alone. We're, IBM and Red Hat are concerned. What are some of the things that you're excited about in terms of some of the news, the innovation and where the partnership is going? Well, definitely where the partnership is going. And I think even as we're speaking right now as a keynote going on with Ruba, talking about some of the partners, in the way in which we support partners and the new technologies and the new abilities for partners to take advantage of these technologies, to frankly delight our customers is really what most excites me. Chuck, what about you? What's going on with Red Hat? We've been there a long time, sales, everything picking up, customers massively transforming. What are some of the things that you're seeing and that you're excited about? Yeah, I mean, first of all, as customers have years ago discovered, it's not competitively advantageous to manage our own data centers in those cases. So they would like to give that responsibility to Amazon. We're seeing them move further up the stack, right? So that would be more beyond the operating system, the application platforms like OpenShift. And now we have a managed application platform built on OpenShift called Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS or ROSA. And then we're even further going up the stack with that. We just announced this week that Red Hat OpenShift Data Science is available in the AWS marketplace, runs on ROSA, helps break the LAN speed record to getting those data models out there that are so important to make, you know, help organizations become much more data driven to remain competitive themselves. So talk about ROSA and how it differs from previous iterations of OpenShift.  What's different about ROSA? Yeah, so the old OpenShift online that was several years old, right? For one thing, wasn't a joint partnership between Amazon and Red Hat. So we worked together, right? Very closely on this, which is great. Also, the awesome thing about ROSA, you know, think about like OpenShift, for, as a matter of fact, Amazon is the number one cloud that OpenShift runs on, right? So a lot of those customers want to take advantage of their committed spins or EDPs. They want one bill. And so ROSA comes through the one bill, comes through the marketplace, right? Which is totally awesome. Not only that, we're financially backing OpenShift with a 99.95% financially backed SLA, right? We didn't have that before either, right? When you say financially backed SLA, what do you mean? That means that if we drop below 99.95% of availability, we're going to give you some money back, right? So we're really, you know, for lack of better words, putting our money where our mouth is. Absolutely. And some of the key reasons that we even worked together to build ROSA was frankly, we've had a myriad of customers in virtually every single region, every single industry and using OpenShift on AWS for years, right? And we listened to them. They wanted a more managed version of it. And we worked very closely together. And what's really great about ROSA too is we built some really fantastic integrations with some of the AWS native services, like API gateway, Amazon RDS, private link, right? To make it very simple and easy for customers to get started. We talked a little bit about the marketplace, but it's also available just on the AWS console, right? So customers can get started in a pay-as-you-go fashion, start to use it. And if they want to move into a more commitment, more of a set schedule of payments, they can move into a marketplace private offer. Chuck, talk about how, about ROSA, how it's unlocking the power of technology like containers, Kubernetes for customers while dialing down some of the complexity that's there. Yeah, I mean, if you think about, kind of what we did earlier on, right? If you think about like virtualization, how it dialed down the complexity of having to get something, get a blade, racks that cable and cooled every time you wanted to deploy a new application, right? So what we do is, our message is this, we want developers to focus on what matters most. And that's build the point and running applications. Most of our customers are not in the business of building that platforms, are not in the business of building platforms, like banks, you know, financials, right? Government, et cetera, right? So what we do is we allow those developers that are re-enabled as developers that know Java and Node and Spring and what have you, just to keep writing what they know, and then, you know, I want to get too technical here, but get pushed their way and an OpenShift takes care of the rest, builds it for them, runs it through a pipeline, a CI-CD pipeline, goes through all the testing and quality gates and things like that, deploys it, auto-wires it up to monitoring, which is what you need. And we have all kinds of other higher order services and ecosystem around that. And by the way, also plugging into and taking advantage of the services, like RDS, right? If you're going to write an application, a cloud native application on Amazon, you're probably going to want to run it in Rosa and consuming one of those databases, right? Like RDS or Aurora, what have you? And I would say it's not even just the customers. We have a variety of ecosystem partners, both of our partners leveraging it as well. We have Solonus built their executive management system that they go ahead and turn and sell to their customers, streamlines data and collects data from a variety of different sources. They decided, you know, it's better to run that on top of Rosa than manage OpenShift themselves. We've seen IBM restack a lot of their software, you know, to run on top of Rosa, take advantage of that capabilities. So lots of partners as well as customers take advantage of fully managed stack of that OpenShift, that turnkey capabilities that it provides. For OpenShift customers who want to move to Rosa, is that going to be a one-button migration? Is that going to be, can they run both environments simultaneously and migrate over time? What kind of tools are you giving them? We have quite a few migration tools, such as Conveyor, right? That's one of our projects, part of our migration application toolkit, right?  In fact, we're working on a pretty cool joint go-to market with that right now. But generally speaking, the OpenShift experience that the customers that we have know and love, and those who have never used OpenShift either are coming to it as well via Rosa, right? The experience is primarily the same. You don't have to really retrain your people, right? If anything, there's a reduction in operational costs. We increase developer productivity because we manage so much of the stack for you. We have SRE, Site Reliability Engineers, that are backing the platform to proactively get ahead of anything that may go wrong, so maybe you don't even notice if something went wrong, and then also reactively fixing it if it comes to that, right? So, you know, all those kind of things that your customers are having to do on their own, or hire a contractor, or a consultant, or whatever to do, now we benefit from a managed offering in the cloud, right, in Amazon, right? And your developers still have that great experience, too. I was like to say, you know, again, break the LAN speed record to prod. I like that. And I would actually say, migrations from OpenShift or on-premise OpenShift to Rosa maybe only represents about a third of the customers we have, about another third of the customers is frankly, existing AWS customers maybe are doing Kubernetes, do it themselves. We're struggling with some of the management of that, and still have actually started to lean on top of using Rosa as a better platform to actually build upon their applications. And another third, we have quite a few customers that were frankly, new OpenShift customers, new RedHack customers, and new AWS customers that were looking to build that next cloud native application, lots of in the startup space that I've actually chosen to go with Rosa. It's funny you mentioned that because the largest Rosa consumer is new to OpenShift. Oh, wow. Right? That's pretty powerful, right? It's not just for existing OpenShift customers. Existing OpenShift, if you're running OpenShift, you know, on EC2, right, self-managed, there's really no better way to run it than Rosa. You know, I think about, this is the 10th year anniversary of re-enter, right? Right. This is also the 10 year anniversary of OpenShift, right? I think it 1.0 came out about sometime around a week, 10 years ago, right? When I came over to RedHack in 2015, you know, if you know your Kubernetes history, it was at July 25th, I think, was when Kubernetes GA, July 25th, 2015 is when a GA. You have a good memory. Well, I remember those days back then, right? Those were fun, right? We had a large customer roll out on OpenShift 3, which is our OpenShift re-based on Kubernetes. Where do you think they ran? Amazon, right? Naturally. So, you know, as we move forward, and OpenShift v4 came out, the reduces the operational complexity becomes even more powerful through our operator framework and things like that. Now they've evolved up to Rosa, right? And again, to help those customers focus on what matters most, and that's the applications, not the containers, not those underlying implementation, technical details, while critically important, are not necessarily core to the business to most of our customers. Tremendous amount of innovation in OpenShift in a decade. Pardon me? Tremendous amount of innovation in OpenShift in the last decade. Oh, absolutely. And tons more to come, like every day, right? I think what you're going to see more of is, you know, as Kubernetes becomes more and more and more of the plumbing, you know, I call them productive abstractions on top of it. As you mentioned earlier, unlocking the power of these technologies while minimizing even hiding the complexity of them so that you can just move fast and safely move fast. I want to be sure we get to marketplaces because you have been, Red Hat has really stepped up its commitment to the AWS marketplace. Why are you doing that now? And how are the marketplaces evolving as a channel for you? Well, because our customers want us to be there, right? I mean, we are customer-centric, customer-first approach. Our customers want to buy through the marketplace.  One stop shop, one bill, right? That is very, very attractive to our customers. Not only that, it opens up other ways to buy, you know, Ted mentioned earlier, you know, pays you go, buy the drink pricing, using exactly what you need right now, right? You know, AWS pioneered that, right? That provides that elasticity, you know, one of the core tenants of AWS Cloud, right? And we weren't able to get that with the traditional self-managed on Red Hat paper subscriptions. Talk a little bit about the go-to-market. You talked about, Ted, the kind of the three tenants of customer types, but talk a little bit about the GTM, the joint go-to-market, the joint engineering, so we get an understanding of how customers engage. Multiple options. Yeah, I mean, so if you think about go-to-market, you know, in the way I think of it, is it's the intersection of a few areas, right? So the product and the product experience that we work together has to be so good that a customer or user actually, many start talking about users now because it's self-service, has a more than likely chance of getting their application to prod without ever talking to a person, which is historically not what a lot of enterprise software companies are able to do, right? So that's one of the biggest things we do. We want customers to just be successful, turn it on, get going, be productive, right? At the same time, you want to position a product in such a way that's differentiating that you can't get that experience anywhere else. And then part of that is ensuring that the education and enablement of our customers and our partners as such, that they use the plow from the right way to get as much value out of as possible. All backed by a very smart field that ensures that the customer is making the right decision. A customer success org, this is attached to my org now, that we can go on site and team with our customers to make sure that they get their first workloads up as quickly as possible, by the way, on our dime. And then SRE and CEA backing that up with support and operational integrity to ensure that the service is always up and available so you can sleep well at night, right? One of our PMs of Rosa, he says, what does he say? He says, Rosa allows organizations, enables organizations to go from 24-7 operations to 95 innovation, right? And that's powerful. That's how our customers remain more competitive running on Rosa with AWS. When you're in customer conversations and you have 30 seconds, what are the key differentiators of the solution that you go boom, boom, boom? And they just go, I get it. Well, I mean, my 30-second elevator pitch, I think I've already said, I'll say it again. And that is, OpenShift allows you to focus on your applications, build, deploy, and run applications while unlocking the power of the technologies like containers and Kubernetes and the hiding or minimizing those complexities so you can do as fast as possible. Mic drop. Ted, question for you. Here we are at the, this is the 11th re-invent, 10th anniversary, 11th event. You've been in the industry a long time. What is your biggest takeaway from what's been announced and discussed so far at re-invent 22 where the AWS and its partner ecosystem is concerned? If you had 30 seconds, or if you had a bumper sticker to put on your DeLorean, what would you say? I would say we're continuing to innovate on behalf of our customers but making sure we bring all of our partners and ecosystems along in that innovation. Yeah, I love the customer obsession on both sides. They're great work, guys. Congrats on that 10th anniversary of OpenShift and so much evolution. The customer obsession is really clear for both of you guys. We appreciate your time. You're going to have to come back now. Absolutely. Thank you. All right, thank you so much for joining us. For our guests and for Paul Gillan, I'm Lisa Martin. You're watching theCUBE, the leader in live enterprise and emerging tech coverage.


The number one question, if you get a cancer diagnosis, the same question that I would have, right, is how long am I gonna live with this diagnosis? For the most part, stages one to three, you're still hoping for cure. It's oftentimes curative intent, but stage four or metastatic, which means it's left where it originated and gone in different places, everyone wants to know what is my survival? The most difficult thing or challenge that I have in talking to patients today is that most of those survival percentages, not most of them, all of them, are in the past, right, they're retrospective. You're looking at averages on what happened with the cancer treatments that were available over five, 10, 15 years. Some of them will tell you survivals that in 2010 are published from the 15 years prior. So please understand that when you're looking at an overall survival, number one, you're gonna look right in the middle to see what the average is, that that's of all the therapies that aren't necessarily around today, right? We have so many new therapies that have come out in targeted therapy, actionable mutations, immunotherapy, CAR T therapy, cellulotherapy, all of these things that weren't present in the 2000s. Number two, when you're looking at that curve and you see that one number, that applies or doesn't apply to 99% of people because it's split in the middle. That other 99% are either on the left side and it can be as early as like the one year to, you know, three, four years if we're talking about five years being average or it can be from five to nine years. So 99% that number doesn't apply to. What is important is, like all of us, if you say what is the survival for any of us, it's 82 years old, right? And that's just how long people survive in this country of the United States. You wanna do everything you can, presumably, to be on the right side of that curve. But we know, realistically, that there are a lot of things that we can and don't influence that unfortunately put us on the left side of that curve and not everyone sees 82 years old. The same thing applies to cancer. There's so many things that we've learned in just the last two years that apply to where you fall in that curve, some of which we're in control, right? Making sure you get the therapies, making sure you know about all the therapies, being healthy, et cetera. But a lot of the ones are things that we're only learning are so important. What are some of the inherited stuff that you have? Bracken mutations, because bracket mutations qualify you for certain therapies. Lynch syndrome, all of these things we're learning have influence that we never knew about, oftentimes when you're looking at that average survival. On top of that, we're learning new actionable, mutational, tailored therapies, precision therapies that were not applicable to that average survival. And again, I would, the same thing, go to see what the average survival is. And that's okay, as long as we consider all of these variables. One of the most important things that you can do, which is recommended across the board, is to get mutational testing. Next gen sequencing, molecular profiling. All of these, all of the drug, the targeted drugs and therapies that can attack the tumor that again, didn't exist in the 2000s. The only way to know that is to get that testing on your tissue type. It's not from your blood, even though actually now it can be, but for the most part, the tissue's sent. And the second thing is, look for trials. Trials are what made those drugs come about that change survival's hugely in HER2-positive breast cancer, in mutated lung cancers like EGFR. It literally increased it by years because people were able to get on the trial and see that it worked amazingly. And at XCURES, we wanna help enable you access that data, is there something that exists? It doesn't matter who's doing it or where it is, are there trials that show drugs that are very precise and targeted that could potentially have great efficacy in your tumor. If you go to xcures.com, either as a provider to see if there's anything left for your patients that could be well tolerated or promising or as a patient or a family member, that's a service that's provided that will empower you with those mutations and hopefully be able to give you access to a therapy that otherwise isn't yet approved, but hopefully will help many people in the future.