Okay, the last part in the CSS lecture in lecture five and six is on responsive web design and that has a lot to do with accessibility, as we discussed in the HTML lecture. So basically in tailoring your application, your website to specific audiences. And the reason we have responsive web design is that we of course have nowadays very different screen sizes. I've already discussed that from large smart TVs down to tiny smartphones. We have different resources in terms of computing power, internet speed. We have different input methods, so whether you use a mouse, a keyboard or you just have a touchpad or maybe just voice input. And they of course require different websites. So you cannot use a touchscreen with certain kinds of websites if they just require too much detail typing or clicking on things. For instance, where you cannot have the same streaming capabilities if you have low internet speed. So what we did in the past oftentimes is that we simply develop multiple websites. So in the beginning, for instance, you often had in the beginning of smartphones, you often had a website for desktop applications and a website for smartphones for mobile applications. Or you had a website and then you had an app that you could install natively on Android or iOS. But it's more and more common to do so-called responsive web design. And that basically means that you adapt your website to the device that you use instead of having different sites or different web applications or native applications. So instead of having a number of different things, you have a single thing that is somehow smart and adapt. So examples for that are the layout and the content depends on the screen size and on other factors. So for example, you might have different pictures or different size of pictures. You might have a different orientation. One thing that you often know from mobile applications is that suddenly instead of having all the menu items, you just have this so-called hamburger or sandwich picture, the three lines. And you need to click on there to get to the menu. So instead of displaying everything, they just hit it. And sometimes you simply don't have all the information. So things are hidden because they think on a smartphone is maybe not as practical. If you want the full thing, go somewhere else. The advantage of doing this, so of doing a website that adapts, is that you have one code base. So you don't have to copy things. For example, if you have a mobile and a desktop website, then you usually have a lot of code duplicate. You don't need to do that. You have a single code base. You use the same technology for everything.  And you have to do Java for the Android application. And I don't know what else Objective C for iOS, but you have the same technology. And another thing that is very underrated is that you can actually choose. So what I often do, if I know that mobile website hides information, then I can actually view the desktop version on a mobile phone and get all the details, even though it's a bit harder to use it. So that's one thing you can do. I can show you some examples of this. So typically very common is, for example, a news website. And I have honestly no idea whether BBC does this. But usually if I just resize this, you will see that eventually things change. So now you see that the pictures just resize. But if I go very small, here you go, suddenly stuff disappears. And most likely they have just put it underneath, exactly. So the layout has changed. But you very clearly see that it's at a certain threshold. So it's at a certain screen size. It suddenly changes. So this has nothing to do with the device, but it's simply because of scrolling. And if I continue, then probably at some point they're actually making stuff disappear. Yeah. So now you see that it's still all the headlines, but the pictures, apart from the top news, has disappeared. So now this is a clear example of information being hidden. It's not there anymore. And maybe they also have the menu. So here you see it's the full menu. Probably at some point they make it disappear. Let's see. So here they just make menu items go into the more instead. So you see at some point the real part disappears now and then the sport and then the news. And then there's only home left. So that's one thing. The other thing that's very important is the responsive design mode. So if you design websites, you should be aware of that your browsers, at least Firefox and Chrome, have a so-called responsive design mode. And that's a mode that allows you to view a website using different settings. So you can very specifically say which screen size you want. You can change the internet speed. You can say, I want to have a device that pretends to be an iPhone or something like that. That's extremely valuable for testing. And in particular, you will want to use this for the first assignment. To give an example, let's just keep staying on this website and go into... Here we are on the Firefox. We can go to tools, web developer, responsive design mode. And you don't see a big difference, but the big difference is up here. So we have this toolbar now that gives us a number of different options. We can take screenshots, which is very good. Which actually takes a screenshot of the entire visible page. So it will do a screenshot from up here until down there. So that's great if you want to, for example, create documentation or something for your website. You, of course, have settings. And then we get to the actual stuff. So here you can choose between just kind of custom or you can actually choose different phone or tablet models. If I set, for example, the iPad, I get the screen size of the iPad. I don't know which version, but you get exactly the resolution that the iPad has. You can change the orientation like you can in a smartphone or in a tablet. And you can actually throttle your internet. So this is great if you say that, well, we are in a region that doesn't have very good cell phone coverage. So maybe we want to try how does BBC behave when we have a regular 2G connection. And then if I click on a link, you'll see that it's much, much slower than it usually is. Okay, you didn't see much here. But if you ever click on a link that takes more time to load, you'll definitely notice the difference. Maybe in GPRS. It's also fairly quick. But there is a difference, so it definitely kind of limits the throughput. So that's helpful. You can of course all create your own different kind of custom devices. Now I should be able to go back to responsive and probably if I just resize, yeah. You also have this DPR. I think that's, I don't remember what it is. I think it's dot to pixel ratio or something like that. So it has to do with the resolution of your display. And the last thing you can set, which is maybe not very important right here. You can set the custom user agent. And that is, if you remember HTTP, we looked at the headers at some point. And there is in the request, we are always sending from where we are opening this. So now you'll see that even though I pretend to be a mobile device, it still says that I'm using Mozilla on a Macintosh. So here you can change this so that instead of that you can pretend that it's, for example, from any kind of mobile browser from a different device or so on. So those things you can do and you can also simulate touch screen so that you can actually somehow simulate the touch behavior. So those things are extremely good, especially also because you can test exactly how does my website look like at 900 pixels? How does it look like at 800? So you don't need to just randomly scroll around and hope that you get the right size, but you can test exactly a certain screen size. Or you can say, is there a difference between 900 and 901? Do my elements align differently? For completeness, we have the same on Chrome. It looks very similar. If you go to View, Developer, and you go into the Developer Tools, you'll see this button up here and that's the responsive design mode. So when it's blue, it enables the design mode. And then you'll see that it has a very similar setup to Firefox. It can also simulate different speeds. You can also rotate. Here is actually quite some detail on how the responsiveness works. So what you see up here are the changes that happen at different device sizes. And I, of course, don't know the BBC details, but it means they have implemented a whole lot of different things for different screen sizes. And up here to the right, I see stuff like Flexbox, FlexRap and so on. So they're using this kind of Flexbox behavior to make things disappear. So that also works in Chrome. Play around with it. You will need it in the first assignment. Now we have seen what you can do and the question is, how do we do it? And of course, some of the things you have seen are responsive design. For example, using relative length. If you use percentage, for example, a diff has width 50%. It means when you resize your browser window, the box gets larger or smaller. That's of course some form of responsive web design. Flexbox is similar that you can say that, well, the elements should grow or shrink in a certain way. The elements should wrap around when there's not enough space. So these kind of things are definitely responsive techniques and they are very widely used. But there are of course a lot more and we cover only some of them here, but we cover some of the more common ones here. One that is very important is the so-called view port. The view port is the visible area of a website. And you all know, of course, that you have scroll bars. And in this case, for example, you see the scroll bar on the right side. The view port is the entire party in my browser window that is visible. The rest of it, all of the stuff I can scroll down there is not in the view port, it's not visible. And what happens if the size of the website is larger than the view port, depends on your application. The thing you have seen here are scroll bars. So if horizontally there is more content than fits into the browser window, you get a scroll bar. That's how it usually works. The important thing and that can be really tricky is that mobile devices sometimes have something that is called a virtual view port. And that's something that is essentially tricky in the website. It pretends that the screen is larger than it really is. So for instance, imagine you have a smartphone that has a 400 pixel resolution. So we just go into our responsive mode again and we set 400. Now here, I know that Firefox does not have this virtual view port. So the website will think that the screen size is 400, which is completely correct. If it would have a virtual view port, it might be that the device pretends that the resolution is actually larger. For example, 800 pixels or a thousand. And what happens then is simply that the website is shrinked down so it kind of gets smaller. So the device pretends I have a larger resolution that I really have. And then the website is just shrunk down and you as a user have to zoom in. And I'll show you what the result of that is. So I have an example here, which we'll discuss in more detail now. So I'll show you in a second how the things work, but essentially I have this cat picture. And as it says here that the image is basically resized for certain sizes. So now it's 500 pixel wide. If I get under a thousand pixel screen size, a browser window size, then the cat should be 300 pixel. And if I get under 800, it should disappear. So you'll see that if I resize this now, at some point it will get smaller now. I'll probably hit the thousand pixel threshold and at some point it disappears now. And we can control this again in the responsive mode. So if I go into responsive mode and let's say we have 1200 pixels, you'll see that my cat is 500. If I get at thousand one, it's still fine. And as soon as I get to a thousand pixels, it gets smaller. So that works. And then if I get to 800 pixels to 799, I guess it disappears. So that's the behavior that should be the correct behavior. And now we try to do the same in Chrome with the responsive mode. And Chrome is different because Chrome has this virtual viewport. So if I get under a certain size, and I'm actually not sure which one, but at some point Chrome pretends that the screen is larger than it really is. And the result you'll see that if I get to a thousand pixels, my cat will get smaller. Now it's smaller. And now if I get to 800 pixels, you slowly see that the whole thing is getting smaller, right? But the cat is not disappearing. It's still there. And the reason is Chrome pretends that the screen is larger than 800 pixels. So my rule that the cat should disappear is never reached. Instead, the website is basically shrunk. And that's a very important thing to be aware of if you want to design applications in a certain way that you are dealing with this virtual viewport. There is a very simple way to avoid that. I'm simply to set this meter tag here. And that says that the viewport should always be according to the actual device width. So it should not pretend to be larger. And indeed, if I change this, I have just removed it. But if I add this tag in my code and I open it in Chrome again, you will see, let's hope that I'm not messing up anything, but you see that the cat has disappeared. And once I get to 800 pixels, it should come back. There it is. So now suddenly it works exactly as it should work. So that's one of the important things. Always set the viewport. Otherwise, your website might not behave as you want to on mobile devices. The other thing, and that's actually what I use in this cat example, are so-called media queries in CSS. Media queries allow you to define CSS rules depending on the medium you're using. And by medium, we mean, for example, the size of the screen. So that's what we just looked at. But it could also be the device. Are you displaying the website on a screen or are you actually printing the website? It depends on the resolution. It depends on, for example, the input. Is it possible to hover over something? So you remember that in a browser, when we have a link, we can hover. Like here, you see that if I go over the link, we have an underlying of Middle East. If you're on a mobile device with a touch screen, that might not be that easy. So that's something you can do in media queries to check. Is the user able to do this or not? And then you can define CSS declarations, CSS rulesets depending on these factors. Here are two examples. My selector here, or this is actually another selector around one else. So what I'm doing here in the middle is simply I say that the element with ID, my unimportant div, is not displayed. So it's simply invisible. And if I would remove the stuff around it, it would always be the case. So you would never see this div. But what I'm setting up here is a media query and you do that doing at media. And then you do screen. So that means when you view this application on a screen and if the width of the screen is maximum 400. So it's 400 or smaller. So in summary, this means the div with ID, my unimportant div is disappearing whenever the screen size is smaller than 400. And well, you can do other things here. That's a similar one. If the screen has at least 800 pixels, then the div with ID, my div has with 50%. We can look at the example. So let's look at the cats in detail. Here's the first one. So that's the cat picture that should get smaller and then disappear. And you'll see that I have a number of rules for that. The first one is if we are looking at this on a screen and the width is maximum 799. So it's smaller than 800 pixel. Then the cat image is not displayed is disappearing. If the screen size is maximum 1000. So basically between 800 and 1000, then the width is 300 pixels. And finally, if the screen size is at least 1100 pixels, then the cat is 500 pixels. So here I have basically three media queries that do the behavior that caused the behavior that you have seen, that the cat is getting smaller and then disappears. We're doing another one here. That's a bit of a special one. What we define here is saying that if the media is print, so if we're printing our website, then the cat image number two should not be displayed. So that's the second cat. And let's test that. So here I say the following image disappears only in the print view. So this one here, if I now go to file print and I print this as a PDF, then you see that here is my first cat. But down here, there is no image. So the other cat is not being displayed. And that's also something you can do with media queries. So you can define how it looks like depending on the medium. You can do really advanced stuff with this. So if you want more details, go on the W3 schools tutorial. But these are very typical things. So change the size of elements, make them disappear, make them appear. And in fact, that's of course what we have seen on the BBC page. So if there is a certain screen size, the pictures disappear. If there is a certain screen size, the menu items disappear and so on. Okay. There's another thing, but I won't go into much detail there. But what a lot of people do more as a principal thing is to divide their website into a grid. So basically just creating boxes that are flexible and then making somehow sure that things change with size. So for example, you could, what for example the bootstrap framework does is to say, we take our horizontal space 100% and we divide it into 12 cells. So each cell has, I don't know what is it, 8.5% or so of the width. And then you define a lot of classes with different cell width. So instead of saying that my diff is 20% or it's 500 pixel, you say my diff is 3 cells wide. And this is a technique that you will see a lot if you use frameworks, if you use certain libraries. Then instead of defining your width, you just say my diff is of class call 6, so it covers 6 cells. And then it's double as wide as the other two. So those are typical things you might see, but I just wanted to mention them here. And we can look at that in more detail in the lecture if you want. And this is just an example how you could do that. So you could say that a row is always 100% and within that you can define different width.  And within that you just define the boxes depending on the size you would like to have. So that's one way of doing layouting and making it a bit easier instead of defining the width manually for everything. Now I've mentioned this because there are of course a lot of frameworks that make CSS that make responsive design easier. And a very common one that you might have heard of is Bootstrap, which is originally by Twitter. So that's essentially just a large CSS file that you can import and you just use different class definitions. There is also some JavaScript, but we can ignore that for now. But it looks for example like that. So you just have a diff, strong tag we haven't really discussed, but it's just something that makes the text stronger, usually bold. But then you just use the class definitions from Bootstrap. For example, alert gives you this kind of box, this kind of layout. And alert success makes it green. So it's kind of a green box. And the design is recognizable, so you've probably seen similar styles. And as you can imagine, it's much, much easier than to just say class is alert and alert success rather than defining all the colors, all the sizes yourself. So Bootstrap is something you might want to look into in case we have time. We can also look into that in the lecture, but I have my doubts that we'll have enough time to discuss this. Okay, with this we reach the end of the CSS part. You have seen that cascading style sheets are used to describe the presentation or the layouting of websites. We have discussed the rules in depth that you have CSS rule sets. You have selectors, you have properties, you have values. We have discussed the combinators, pseudo classes and pseudo elements. So basically making the selectors more powerful by selecting very specific things. And then in this last part, we went into the box model, how things are drawn, how they're positioned and how to change the flow in your website. And then we went into responsive web design. So making your website adapt to different current strains in a device, for example, the screen size. So that's it for CSS. In the next part, we'll go now into JavaScript. So we finally add behavior to our website. For example, on a very basic level, we could click a button and make things in the website change or disappear. So that's what we'll do in the next lecture. Thanks for watching.


Hi kids! Are you ready to read a new story today? The title of the story is Ben. Ben is a happy boy. He lives in a house near the cliff. He always plays. He likes playing in their yard. He likes playing with his bubbles. Lots of bubbles come out when he blows it. Ben, do not go near the cliff. You might fall, his mom says. I won't mom, Ben answers. It's time for a comprehension check. What is the name of the boy in the story? Right, it's Ben. Where does he live? Correct, near the cliff. What does he like to play with?  Is Ben a good boy? Yes, he is obedient to his mom. Go get your book now in reading and read the story about Ben. Answer the questions in there as well. Good luck!


I came across some pages in my journal that need to be its own video. I've actually torn them out of my journal because of how intent they are. Don't let me try, don't let me try. The last video is me reading my suicide note. So this video is, it explains my trauma, it explains why I have PTSD, it explains some of the most vile acts that a human being can do to another. This video contains talk of sexual assault, rape, general assault, being drugged, alcohol, abuse, suicide. Watch your own portion and please treat people with respect. I'm gonna go ahead and get reading. Hi, if you're reading this then I guess I finally did it. Please don't blame yourself. I made this choice, I made the decision to end my life. I have my own reasons behind this. So I'm writing this note so that you aren't left with unanswered questions. My PTSD. I was diagnosed with PTSD after multiple sessions with a non-NHS conditon substance like Hydra. My flashbacks have been getting worse, sometimes to a point where I can't even move. I've been left dealing with these moments because all anybody ever cared about is the diagnosis of BPD. I see the moments he stepped in front of the train, the moment his body got thrown about the train, the snaps of his bones. I see the aftermath and then everything goes black during the words. This is because of you, followed by smashes and cracks of his body. Like something that put my brain on. The light comes back on and I'm somewhere I don't remember. I don't know how I got that. While I hear a siren or a line in the next thing I know, I'm backing myself, being raped, assaulted and attacked by officers. There's no CCTV laying over and over my head. The single moment, getting punched in the face because I wasn't crying when I was beaten to the ground. Why wouldn't you cry? I was trapped in a room, locked in a bathroom, waiting for you to come back and finish what you started. Pitches that shouldn't have even existed posted for everyone to see. Like he was proud of what you did. Drugged and shoved in a car. I didn't know you or what you wanted when you, when you realised the drug didn't work you panicked. You smashed my head against the wall, knocked me unconscious, left me half dressed in the middle of a street. Drunk high and everything went black. We met a second time. The night after, I took the drugs out of your pocket. I used it all and waited for death.  Punched me into the men's bathroom and I became your reg doll. But it's just my BPD, right? I can't stand the sight of myself. I can't eat, I can't drink. All these things are around my head. The memories, the experiences, they win. Nobody's ever listened, so hopefully they will now. I'm depressed. I have anxiety. I'm traumatised. Some days are good. Most days are bad. There's more to me than just BPD. That label has ruined me. It's killed me. And there's nothing left for me. What you had to realise is this is, it took a lot of reading that. And it took a lot when I found it to read, so I didn't read how it initially went. I filmed the video earlier, so I can't read that. Now I've read it all now. I'm so unhappy right now. Because all everyone focuses on is the BPD. And BPD really isn't my main issue. My issue is having the episodes of Dissociation where I've had a flashback. I dissociate and I end up, like, 10 miles from where I live, and I don't know how I got there. Truth is my life is very out of control. I am the way I am, as a consequence of the experiences I've had. I didn't just wake up one day and decide, oh, I want to be traumatised today. I didn't wake up one day wanting to go and do drugs. I didn't wake up one day wanting to get thrown in a police lorry. I didn't want any of that. I didn't want to watch someone who I loved, someone who I cared about, kill themselves. I didn't want any of this.  She's obviously lying. You don't. I keep my past and some of the darkest things that I've been through very private, and no one near a camera. You guys see 10 minutes if that out of a day. You don't know the full story, and you never will. Some things I'm not ready to talk about. There's a whole page of this note that I didn't read out, and that is because of my own protection. If I read it, I know I will end up making an attempt. People don't realise the seriousness of my past. People don't realise how intense things are. People think that they can say and do whatever they want, and have no effect.  You know, my trauma is very valid. It's real. It happened.  Some traumas I will never talk about. My friends know some of my life that I've never put online. There are some people in this world that I actually do trust. My trust in people has got worse over time, because I've had more and more thrown in my face. So yeah, I'm a secretive. Yes, I hide half my life from you. There are reasons behind that. I don't even know how to end this video. I'm really done. All I want to do is cry.


Telephobia is real and people who have it can experience physical symptoms when they hear their ringtone. Some people associate phone calls with bad news while others just can't stand the sound of their own voice. But there are some benefits to answering that call. The most effective way to get over your fear of phone calls is by, yep, getting on the phone. A study also found that people who talked on the phone felt significantly more connected to others. A phone call can also give you a better understanding on that person's tone, which can lead to less fights and miscommunication.


My name is Adrian Edwards and I'm one of the curators of the British Library exhibition Alexander the Great. Among the stories told about Alexander the Great are those that relate to his wives and lovers. Writers and artists have often asked questions such as who was Roxanne, his first wife, and how did she capture his heart? There have also been questions about his male lovers. Let's have a look at some of the objects from the exhibition to see how these relationships have been portrayed over time. This French 15th century manuscript includes an illustration of the first time that Roxanne is presented to Alexander. Alexander is seated at the banqueting table and Roxanne is on the left dressed in gold. She immediately captured his heart and Alexander decided that they should be married. In fact she became the first of several wives and historians tell us of two others and there may have been more. Alexander's courtiers were actually against this marriage because Roxanne was not of royal blood. But that's just in this version of the story. When we look at Persian sources we find a Roxanne who is of royal blood. This manuscript is a 16th century version of Fydozi Sharnameh, the Persian national epic. This illustration shows the wedding ceremony with Roxanne and Alexander seated side by side, but which is which? To a contemporary Western audience it's not immediately obvious but it's Alexander on the left and Roxanne on the right. In the 21st century some writers and artists have begun to explore Alexander's same sex relationships. In this digital comic Hamish Thiel explores the relationship between Alexander and Hephaestian, his lifelong companion and second in command. This part of the story references an episode first reported by the Roman historian Cirtius when the Persian queen mother mistook Hephaestian for Alexander. In Hamish's comic, when the same mistake is made, Alexander again points out that Hephaestian is Alexander too and adds that he is also his heart and soul, prompting the comic aside, get a room. New generations of artists have also started looking at Alexander's relationship with his eunuch slave Baguas. Interest in this was largely prompted by Mary Reynolds' 1972 novel The Persian Boy. This drawing, originally posted on the DeviantArt digital platform, is by the Vietnam-placed artist Dava. It shows a loving and consensual relationship, but Dava's principal interest is in exploring Alexander's androgyny and in looking at the concept of beauty on the boundaries of masculine and feminine. Alexander lived 23 centuries ago and not much survives in terms of hard evidence about the man's private life. As a result, artists and storytellers have a lot of freedom when they explore Alexander and his relationships. These four portrayals probably say more about the worlds in which they were created than they do about the man himself. But what will future generations make of these relationships?


Everybody Matt here for late in sports cards rip in one box of 2022 panini immaculate collection baseball hobby This is for drew our good luck drew. All right. Here we go. Let's see a big hit in here for you first up rookie patch to 49 Kyle Muller and this is Legends quad relic That's mantles jersey number seven of 25 whitey for Mickey Mantle her pinnock and Joe McCarthy There you go drew a very cool hit Seven of 25 nice quad jerseys. This is Relic Otto seven of ten Christian posh a Braves relic even though he's an Oakland athletic there. Yeah, that Yankee quad. That was awesome This is jumbo bat relic Otto 12 of 45 Alejandro Kirk Rookie patch I black Otto one of 27 Otto Lopez our first Otto Otto of the day Go drew and on the back. This is Otto two of five Trey Mancini You go drew nice box that Yankee quad was really cool. That'll do it for your break appreciate it drew We'll get these right out to you


So the guys over at Comet TV sent me another crate to unbox, let's go. I'm Khaleesi Grimes 82 and this is not my first rodeo into the unboxing video realm. And I take these very seriously. What you'll often find on these YouTube videos where they're realistically unboxing and reacting to things is they just kind of half-asset. I don't want to destroy any of the fragile artifacts inside from CometTV.com who I assume is paying me a solid amount of money to do this. Nothing, again. Second unboxing from them and still no money, perfect. Much like Phil Collins, I use an invisible touch when unboxing and I need to take all the proper precautions, which means protective eyewear, gloves, the whole nine yards. And this isn't even so much for my benefit in case something were to shoot me in the face unexpectedly, which typically I enjoy. But in this case, it's more so to prevent me from getting some of my tears of joy onto the fabrics or onto some of the pieces that are in here. I don't want to ruin it with my tears. Of course, put on the gloves. That's nice. That's a nice tight fit. These are extra large gloves. So do with that information what you will.  That's not an expression. I'm a geek. Sorry. It's like taking out a condom for the first time, which I have one of those on as well. You can never be too safe. Okay, now that I'm properly dressed and ready to do an unboxing, this is actually how I recommend you do an unboxing as well. Just to be safe. Okay, they've given me a card. I'm going to read it. Beautiful stock card. I'm not sure the dimensions, but I think it's kind of a typical, typical rectangular stock size space. 1999 officially crash landed on Comet. In September, you'll be able to catch back to back episodes on Saturday and Sunday evenings starting at 10, 9 central. We got space in September. Got that space in me going back to back. It's going back to back. I've got that space in me going back to back. It's Drake. It's super nerdy. Cool. Cool. Follow at Comet TV on Instagram and tag us wearing your space 1999 shirt. Oh, so these directions are for me to do. I have to take a photo wearing the space shirt that's in here. Well, that's I'm not going to do that. I suppose they want my reaction to this, which is just kind of meh, kind of a meh. Joking. I love this shirt. I love it. I think it's great. I love it. Oh my gosh. And while I assume that's all. Oh, no, there's more in here. This is this is more stuff. Oh, oh, cool beans. Mighty mix boxy gym. Awesome. So like mighty mix from Rocky. I'm a geek. I know movies. Sorry. I know movies. That's that's from Rocky. Okay, that's fine. No way. Look at this. A VHS copy of Rocky to this is with the jump rope inside. Holy and a rocky sticker. The Rocky films are airing on charge all month long in September. Catch all five films and then take us on Facebook and Twitter with a pick of you using your charge jump rope and mighty mix boxing gym towel. Wait, am I supposed to do that too?  Free action movies watch charge.com. Okay, so we have two different. So now I'm promoting comedy. So now I'm promoting comment TV and charge.com.  Am I getting paid for either of these? This is like a twofer. Wow.  Look at me.  Like I'm going to make meth in Arizona. I love this. I love that charges kind of piggybacked off this comment TV thing. I got my jump rope on. I got my rocky on. This is so cool. What a cool collectible VHS thing this will be for me to display somewhere practical in my house. Awesome. Okay. This is a Godzilla pop. Jesus. What what is with these guys? Like I did the unboxing.  Like is it not enough that I'm showing the stuff promoting the site multiple times you want me to post things to Instagram and Facebook wearing shirts and jump ropes and working out working out. This is cool. You know, if I was 12 every one of these and every one of these items comes with a price and here it is. Godzilla double feature Godzilla wanted to move to Saturdays. We said, okay, Godzilla is actually talking to them. Hey, do you guys mind if I move to a Saturdays? That was me being Godzilla like Khaleesi Grimes Godzilla. Enjoy your Godzilla and catch the Godzilla double features on Saturdays in September.  In addition to comment TV charge is showing rocky double features every Thursday. Okay. I'm not reading this. I'm not reading any of this. I gave them more than enough information. All right, go to comment TV. It's free. Why haven't you done it yet? It's free and they're giving me free stuff. So I'm going to tell you about their free stuff. It's a win win. Everybody has a good time.  You get to watch fantastic old movies. Lettuce. Can we zoom in on the pop figure so that they can see this what an adult is holding in his hands. Can they they see this cool cool beans. Thank you for watching this unboxing video. I hope you had a fun time. I was super pop to open this stuff for you and I had a great time. I think you did too. I think we had fun together. I know I did that suit was hot. I'm super pop to talk to you some more to make sure to subscribe to the cringe which is that Adam does movies on YouTube. You can check out more of the cringe. If you like what I'm doing and I think you do. Take care. It's like I'm leaving but I'm not.


Thank you, Myra. We're going to move on to Trevor Stratton. And so diagnosed with HIV in 1990, Trevor is a citizen of the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation near Toronto. He's the coordinator of the International Indigenous Working Group on HIV AIDS, coordinator for the Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Network, and a North America NGO delegate on the UN AIDS Program Coordinating Board. That's a lot. His work is international in scope, but he has a special focus on Canada, where injection drug use is driving the HIV and hep C epidemics among Indigenous populations. The Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Network is the first NGO on the UN AIDS Board focused on Indigenous people. And this morning, Trevor is here to share his experience as a harm reductionist advocating for Indigenous people. Welcome. Thank you very much, Monique. First of all, I'd like to acknowledge the traditional territory, the Ghanawake Mohawk people. And I'd like to acknowledge our elder, Sedalia Sego, Ani. I am from Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation. My mom was born and raised there. And my dad is fifth generation English Canadian. But I also have, in addition to Ojibwe blood, I have Mohawk blood. I have French blood and English blood. So that's a lot of fighting in Canadian history. All those groups fought together in various wars. And all that blood runs through my veins. What I do now, really, is what everyone is doing and fighting for the principle of nothing about us without us. And that is for Indigenous people as well. If you're going to have a women's conference, you don't have a committee of only men with no women to plan the conference. It's just common sense that is not applied to a lot of the groups that we deal with, including people who use drugs. A lot of times, we have to justify why we should be consulted at all. What do you have to offer? What do you bring to the table? So that's what we fight for as Indigenous people at the table. Because if you're not at the table, you could be on the menu. You won't know unless you're there. There's over 600 First Nations in Canada. It's extremely diverse. And in addition to First Nations people, we also have Inuit Aboriginal people and Métis Aboriginal people. And all of us live the legacy of colonization. Colonization did a lot of damage and put our health at risk and put our people at risk and caused a lot of trauma to our communities and to our people. But it's not just the people who directly experienced it. It's the multi-generational trauma that's passed down through families and through culture that we experience to this day. I want to really, I guess, what we're talking about is an issue of trust. And that is a central tenet of harm reduction as well. And in Canada, we've had the Truth and Reconciliation Committee Commission, which I would argue is a best practice. That's something that's very important. For one thing, to hear the Prime Minister of Canada apologize for residential school systems where Indigenous children were taken from their families and communities and taken hundreds and sometimes thousands of kilometers away and put in religious institutions that showed very little compassion and love for human beings, to be quite honest. And through this Truth and Reconciliation Commission is where the action was taken after the apology. And so one of those recommendations is to recognize the traditional territory of Indigenous peoples when you bring people together. So thank you very much to the Harm Reduction Conference here, HR 17, for acknowledging and following one of the recommendations from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. That is very important to regaining the trust of Indigenous people. But it's also our nation states and our governments that don't have a lot of trust for Indigenous people. Most nation states look at the citizens as production units, units of production to contribute to the gross national product. And Indigenous people and communities don't really view their citizenry that way. It's sort of how do we live the best way? How can we live in the best way and be the best example to our families and to our communities? And walking in a good way is a really good way to support people. If you want to understand someone who may need to be connected to the healthcare system, it's important to just walk with them, listen to them, and understand where they're at, where they're coming from. What are they ready for? And when we deal with communities, what I've learned is that community readiness is important, too. With 600 First Nations and such diversity in Métis and Inuit people, it's important to understand where a community's at. And when we talk about harm reduction, it's important to talk about harm reduction within our cultural frameworks that already exist because our traditional values are perfectly aligned with the values of harm reduction in terms of the autonomy of the individual and everyone has their own truth. And it's really about helping people to find their truth because my truth may not be your truth, your truth may not be my truth, and yet it is our truth. To help someone find their truth is really how we look at harm reduction. It's not to judge people. I don't know if you've ever heard the expression to walk a mile in the moccasins of someone before even trying to understand, just be there with them. A lot of our response to addictions came from abstinence-based programming over alcoholism and alcohol use in our communities. And so a lot of the alcohol and drug workers in our communities, we really respect lived experience in indigenous communities. So someone that has gone through it and is on a path toward their own healing is very well respected as a drug and alcohol worker, but many of them, their experience is in alcohol. And the experience in the culture around alcohol is a lot different than drugs. And each drug, the culture around the drugs and the rituals and the ceremonies that go with drugs are very easily substituted. Those are very easy substitutes for our ceremonies and our traditions when people get together and you know, you work it and you roll it and it's all this ritual and ceremony involved. And that really rings true for indigenous people. And getting people back to their own belief system is very important. It doesn't necessarily mean digging back five or six hundred years to go to look at traditional spiritualism in indigenous communities. That is important for many of our people, but many of our people are also very Christian or they have their own beliefs. So to walk with them and to create interventions that are culturally appropriate and appropriate to the stage of readiness of the individual but not only the individual, but also for the community. And there are models. There's the community readiness model from the Tri-Ethnic Research Center at the University of Colorado. It's been around for about 15 years, but it's very good for helping communities to assess their readiness to implement a given, or react, respond to a given issue. And I traveled around the country helping communities to assess their readiness for addressing harm reduction. And the first question I'd ask was heard of harm reduction, and it was usually less than 50% in the room. Sometimes two hands went up. And then I'd talk about who knows what HIV AIDS is, and a lot of people didn't. Because we're in the Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Network we'd have to start at the very basics. Figure out where they're at. What do they know and start there? That's always been our approach. And the intersection between culture, law, and religion is key when dealing with indigenous peoples. For many years our traditions were outlawed. Our languages were illegal. Our ceremonies were illegal. And those people who retained those ceremonies they were the people who went back into the bush and practiced the ceremonies. So, for example, our respect and our place of honor for our two-spirit people or LGBTI community is a thousands of years old tradition where we had ceremonies and dances and even dialects. Our middle people had this. And so, having those traditions outlawed has been very traumatic for our communities. And when public health or when people come knocking on the door saying we've got the solution for you, knock, knock, knock. I've got a pill. We'll fix your community. There's a lot of distrust. And so many well-intentioned people have come and done research and not shared the research, taken it away and sometimes even used it against our people. So, there's a lot of mistrust in institutions, in hospitals, in schools, in prisons, in military, in hospitals. A lot of the institutions that most people in Canada would consider to be on their side. We look at it as mechanisms that have caused a lot of hurt. And I can use the RCMP, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police with their beautiful red uniforms in those hats. When most Canadians look at them, they think of the good heart and the well-meaning helper. And our communities, often, they're viewed as baby stealers and people who take our people away and put them in prison. You know, when you ask an indigenous person to respond or to talk about Canada's 150th anniversary, or Montreal's 350th anniversary, please take a moment to just try to understand where we're coming from and how we think of this legacy of colonization and of newcomers and settlers coming to our communities and how all of our laws were changed in a system that doesn't fit our people, has been imposed upon us and with that residential school and the multi-generational trauma, that's what you're dealing with when you're speaking to an indigenous person who may be using drugs. These are some of the context we have to take into consideration. We've done a lot of work in Canada around HIV and AIDS and around harm reduction in indigenous communities but under the conservative government they they didn't allow us to even mention the word harm reduction or submit any projects around harm reduction. So it really set us back in terms of harm reduction but there are some amazing work happening in the communities. It's just that on a national level we haven't, we've really lost a lot of time being conducting and helping people to get on the same page to share these best practices and yet we are resilient, we're still here. It's pretty amazing. Not only that, we're working internationally. As Monique said, the Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Network holds a seat on the program coordinating board at UN AIDS. Now they're actually saying the word indigenous. They're considering indigenous peoples as maybe a key affected population for HIV and AIDS and Hepatitis C. We have the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues in New York where we go and we interact and we ask them to work with UN AIDS so we're trying to pull them together. We're trying to get the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to be integrated through United Nations systems such as UN AIDS and others and we've just incorporated a new international indigenous HIV AIDS community and we are a full partner of the Central Coordinating Committee of the International AIDS Conference in Amsterdam coming up next year. But getting back to Canada Indigenous people do have a lot to celebrate. We can celebrate our culture. We can celebrate the strength of our resilience and the fact that we're still here and you know what? Our population is growing. It's the fastest growing population in Canada so we're currently 4% of the population but we're soon to be more. Right here in Montreal the Montreal Native Women's Shelter is doing some excellent work in harm reduction and reaching our Indigenous people women living with HIV and AIDS and just taking that harm reduction approach and starting where people are at and I would say and I think all Indigenous people agree that women are the backbone of our nations. If our women fall we're all doomed. Thank you.


This study examined contact patterns between individuals in eight European countries. The authors found that contact patterns were remarkably similar across these countries, with most contacts involving physical contact and lasting at least one hour or occurring on a daily basis. Additionally, they found that contact patterns differed depending on the setting, with contacts at home, school, or leisure being more likely to involve physical contact than those at the workplace or while traveling.