A lot of our astronauts, I think maybe only about 25% these days, have actually come from the military. And so when I got there and tried the space, I thought, wow, this is even better than MRE. So I was pretty happy. Some of them, not used to MREs, were not so happy. A lot of us freeze-ride because it's really light. And therefore, it doesn't take much rocket fuel to escape or to gravity and get it to space. And then we reclaimed about 85% of our water on the space station. So we have got plenty of water to be able to inject into the food and then rehydrate it. We do have a lot of irradiated food. A lot of our meats come from the same thing you'd see in an MRE. We have some of our desserts that come from that as well. The best food we had, though, was the treat that got set up in a care package, which was a pizza-making kit with the crusts and the sauce and then cheese. And we could put meats on it because the texture and the taste was so different than the regular MRE and freeze-dried food we had had, it was the best pizza I'd ever had.


Hello, welcome back to the happy hut. I'm Neil. Thanks for clicking on this video. I Don't even know why I'm making this. Oh, maybe I'll talk this through I'm going to unbox and review this ever sell case for the Nitro 4 here in the UK. We call it the Alcatel Idol 4 I think elsewhere. It's called the Nitro 4 as you can see I've already got one on my phone and I I bought it two years ago It's better in mind when I tell you what happened to it But I've been using it daily for over over two years Now I don't know why I'm making this video because this is now pretty old phone and I'm through to my second case But I guess Firstly, I love watching videos on YouTube where someone's taken the time to open Something so you can see what you're getting so I guess I'm trying to pay it forward Also, when I first got this I wanted to make a an unboxing video But it's really weird when you when you first get a thing you just want to use it You know and opening it feels a bit useless I've got some things to say about this case and they're all good, but let me show you the Downsides first right firstly after two years I don't know if you can see this first thing to go was this the rubber Surround at the bottom and then because of that the phone started moving around and then the top lug snapped This is after About 800 to 1,000 days Constantly being put in in and out of my pocket The other really good thing to bear in mind is that this is completely Completely protected my phone and then I'll put a link to the evercell pace In the description as well if you wanted to buy that on Amazon It's really easy to take off you you just Pull back these arms There so there's my phone. It's just been completely protected over the years I'll show you what the new one looks like So it comes in a nice package says it's from evercell in walnuts, California. I wonder where walnuts is Now the thing that's changed with the case since I bought the last one This thing on the front. There's a whole panel that clicks like that so it protects the screen all you need to do to remove this is to unclick here and This protective panel comes off and it has a Soft like a little furry carpet to protect your screen and it has a jaws of death Clip and try on here. You can clip it to your belt Or wherever and then the way the evercell rugged armor case works is that there's a there's a rubber silicone Inner what I like about this is that it It's nice and soft. I've bought other cases for the Alcatel Idol 4 on Amazon And these have been really rigid and they're not that nice to hold but this has got a really nice grip to it Whoa, by the way, I'm shooting this The windiest day in the UK. We've got gales of up to 40 miles an hour Just managing to shoot this in a lull. It all comes inside. I wasn't expecting this at all. It comes with brand-new screen protector a little plastic thing to apply the screen protector and an evercell Screen wipe the way you put it on and I've got myself on the phone That's the height of vanity So we need to do is sit the phone into the silicone case and it fits perfectly and then to hold it and to protect the Corners you clip the back on This is the hard bit somehow clip the other bottom arm on and the top arm finally the sides Should stretch round to hold it in place. Let's do that now There you go There so that's now Completely smug and it's got your corners protected. There isn't an arm in this corner for the camera I've found all the buttons work absolutely perfectly I've had to send other cases back because they just don't fit the Alcatel Idol 4 or Nitro 4 very well. This fits absolutely perfectly Doesn't slip and it's it's taken some real knocks now the other neat feature with the little reading it off the screen The evercell rugged holster dual layer case belts swivel clip HD screen protector is that it's got a kickstand And it's just hidden here get your fingernail It does feel like it's going to break so be quite firm with that might need a couple of uses to loosen it up Whoa, I just thought I snapped it. I didn't so it seems to work perfectly now You've got to be really really super rough with it I think to open it up if it looks like the legs are going to break But I think what happened was that there's a catch on the side and it's just super stiff So you've got to really force it once it's open you can open it with your fingernail Like that and it these arms lock into position you can stand your phone on a table Then we've had enough push the legs up and push it in There you go Now I absolutely love this case to put this on this might take me a couple of goes because I'm not used to using this All you do is push the phone into these two arms on the front there this clip should click And there you go your screen is completely protected So there you go the evercell alcatel idol for or nitro for armor rugged phone case best case I've tried a few is the best case for the alcatel idol for maybe you'd like to try This design with your phone if it isn't an alcatel me if this video has helped you Why not let me know you got to this point in the video give me a thumbs up We'd love to know someone watch to this far and also I don't get paid for this I've bought this with my own money if you're feeling really kind to click on subscribe You never have to watch any of my videos again But it would help me get closer to 1000 subscribers after which YouTube pays me for views So that'd be nice or leave a comment to say hi. I hope this video has helped. Thanks for watching Can you please help my daddy get 1000 subscribers? Just click on his face. Thanks. Bye


This study found that the practice of active management of the third stage of labor in Ethiopia was low. It also showed that educational status, taking obstetric care training, knowledge of AMTSL, and work experience of obstetric care providers were associated with the practices of active management of the third stage of labor. Therefore, obstetric care professionals should improve their academic level, knowledge, and skills in order to provide useful service to AMTSL and save mothers' lives. All obstetric care providers should get obstetric care training. Furthermore, the government should increase obstetric care professionals' educational level. This article was authored by Gedefe Nibret Mairiti, Alamu Degueyal, Tuchu Mushliya, and others.


Nanosyria are cerium oxide nanoparticles with a wide range of applications, particularly in the biomedical field. They can be synthesized through both chemical and green methods, and their characteristics and applications have been studied extensively. Recent research has focused on the potential toxicity of nanosyria when they come into contact with humans or animals, as well as their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. This article was authored by S. Rajskumar and Poonam Naik.


Welcome back everyone. Today, I wanted to show you a quick and easy way to edit videos using Shotcut. Shotcut is a free software for actually Windows OS X and Linux. And it's what I use to make videos really, really quickly. Basically, after you script everything out and you record it, then it's just very easy to use, so I'm going to show you some tricks on how I do everything relatively quickly whenever I'm chopping up a video. So first, I have two video or a video recorded and I record the audio separately. If I use, well, yeah, I just record the audio separately because I want to use a different program. I use Audacity to record audio. I use usually Voco screen if I want to do screen recording or a camera if I want to do video.  So first, I just drag in the video clip and it shows the video clip and it kind of shows a preview. And then I drag in the audio clip and it also previews the audio clip. So next, because I only need those two things, I'm not really adding any special effects or anything like that. I just need to edit it and sync up the audio and video. Then I just drag the video down and in this bottom timeline, the video should show up in the timeline. So next, I want to right click and add audio track and then there's this empty track. I have my audio file here, so I want to click on it and drag down to where it says Overwrite. I don't know if you can see kind of behind a little bit. Well, let me do it here. You can see Overwrite here. I don't want to overwrite my video track. I want to go down to Audio and the green bar changes. So just click it down to the audio track where it says Overwrite and then Release and it will drag it in there. Now, the problem is it's actually moved the audio track over a little bit. So next thing I do is change the view. So right over here is the view and I want to reduce or zoom out of the timeline. So now I've zoomed out of the timeline. The video track is this long, the audio track is this long. So I just drag the audio track over and then move the playhead. I think it's called the playhead. The playhead over all the way to the right and then zoom back in because now I need to do some specific things. So because I'm recording audio and video separately, I need to kind of have an area where I sync up the tracks. So you can see here that I've actually, I think clicked the keyboard a couple of times to sync everything up. And I have, yeah, so I've synced everything up. So I need to actually move the audio track because I usually start that second. Because I work on the audio before I import it in, I have about 10 seconds of, let's say, no sound. That way I get a noise profile that I can filter out and then I have some noise here. So I'm going to listen for a click and the click happens about here. You can see that a little bit. I have a little bit of a bump right here and that should be the first click. So then if I put the playhead right over where the click kind of ends, then I can drag my video file to that point and it will snap in because it has this snap in or magnet enabled. So then I can check it and that's just about right. So whenever the click of the mouse kind of goes up, I don't know if you can hear it, but whenever the click of the mouse goes up, the video should turn on because that's whenever I'm starting to record. Now I want to go to the area where I've actually made sounds and everywhere that I can hear that I'm pressing the down key, the slide should change and that sounds about right. So then there's just some noise and then there's where I actually start speaking. So basically everything before this is getting ready and syncing and everything like that. So I can remove now this video and this audio. So the video is selected. You can see the red box around it. If I just right click and do split at playhead or hit the S button, then it will split the video into two and then I click on the audio. I don't want to move the playhead at all, but I want to click the audio and then split that as well. And then I can right click and click on remove and notice now the audio has gone all the way to the left. If I right click, I need to select the video on the left side of the video, right click, remove and then the video didn't go all the way. So I need to drag this back over. Now at the beginning, I should just have the introduction. And then it sounds okay.  I didn't really mess up too much. If I want to check, I can look and see if there are any sometimes if I mess up on a space, I'll leave a little bit of low space or there's no sound. So you can use your sound area or the sound wave, the audio wave form to figure out if you've actually made a mistake at any point and you need to edit that out. So I use that usually to figure out if I need to edit anything, but I know that this was scripted so it's okay. So now I go to the end and basically right before, right about there, there's another sound of me stopping the video. So I want to split the video at the end, split the audio at the end and then select the ends and remove them, remove. And then I have a single video with, you know, not too bad, I guess, not too many mistakes or not mistakes that I really need to edit out. Yeah, so not too many mistakes that I need to edit out of this video and I can basically just export that and it should be okay for this thing. So next we want to export because I've edited the beginning, I've synced the tracks, removed the introduction part, removed the ending part that's not needed. Then next I can click on export because the video is ready, do export file. And I want to export this, let's say to temp and call this, I don't know, stats, I'll just call it stats for now, stats.mp4. Okay, now before I do this, whenever you have your export file, you need to set, you know, what type of export settings you want. There's a lot of videos online about how to set the videos, there's even a preset for like YouTube or different social media. If you're trying to do really high quality video, I recommend you go and look at other videos on how to do that. There's a lot of them out there. But you can basically set custom settings for whatever you need to do around here. Okay, so I'm going to save this as stats, save, and then it shows that it's exporting and whenever it's finished, your video is done. If you like this video, please subscribe for more.


let's make sure we're coming alive. Nice. Hi everyone, this is Chih-Chou. Welcome to my channel and welcome to another live stream. Today is July 7th, 2021, 7-7-2-0-2-1, and welcome to another live stream. Today, today we're doing current events. News, politics, economics, finance, and current events, whatever is going on. And we've done a lot of these and they take us everywhere and might as well get our sensor tube intro added away. If you are watching this little segment, you are most likely watching this video on sensor tube and the odds are there's absolutely no way that in a two-hour discussion that topics will not come up that will not be allowed or will be allowed on sensor tube. So definitely we're going to be talking about things that are not permitted to be discussed on sensor tube. So if you are watching this little segment, the links to the full live stream, full video, which is anywhere between hour and 45 to two hours and 15 minutes, will be available on Pitchute or Rumble and Odyssey. Those are our other video sharing platforms and forms and all the links will be in the description of this video. For those of you that are watching this on sensor tube, my apologies, but it is beyond our control. We are not permitted to share this information, but more importantly, importantly, you are not allowed to listen to this information. So if you think you do not require your information to be filtered through the sensors of technocrats, I highly recommend joining us on Pitchute, Rumble and Odyssey. Take your pick. Aside from that, gang, everyone in chat, welcome to another live stream. I hope you have a fantastic, fantastic evening.


There are lots of people like this. They're intelligent, they're competent, they're capable, but their life is a mess because every step they take, they are in friction with something. Any moving part, we want to make it round because it moves with least amount of resistance. In the forest station cultures, they're referring to an enlightened being as enchi which means he's a circle. Whatever they consume is just burnt and it doesn't become body, it becomes another dimension of energy. Bhandha literally means a lock. That is, you engage certain locks in the body so that your energy behaves in a particular way. Why these bandhas, what they can do for you? Have you heard of a word called Ojas? O-J-A-S-Ojas? No? The word Ojas means a non-physical dimension of energy. That is, you can generate a certain amount of non-physical dimension of energy around you. If you have Ojas around you, your passage through the world, the passage through life becomes well lubricated. That is, you will pass with minimum amount of friction. In the forest station cultures, an enlightened being is referred to as enchi. Enchi means literally means a circle.  Round wheels or square wheels or triangular wheels, what do you have? Oh, but triangular wheels would be definitely more jazzy, isn't it? Why round wheels? Least amount of resistance. With least amount of resistance it rolls, any moving part we want to make it round because it moves with least amount of resistance. So we are referring to, in the forest station cultures, they are referring to an enlightened being as enchi, which means he's a circle, not because he's round of body, because he moves with least amount of resistance. Well lubricated. You may have a fantastic driving machine, just take off the engine oil and drive it. How long do you think your car will last?  How long will it last if you take away the engine oil? Maybe ten minutes. In fifteen minutes it'll be gone. So lubrication is that important. In anything that moves lubrication is that important. So if you want to move through the world without being well lubricated, you will see every step of your life seems like friction and every step of your life will be suffering because there is no lubrication. There are lots of people like this. They're intelligent, they're competent, they're capable, but their life is a mess because every step they take, they are in friction with something.  The less friction you have, the more you would like to do, isn't it? Yes? You would naturally venture to do a lot of things if you had no friction problems. But every day you step out, you get into some friction, you will hesitate tomorrow to step out. This is happening all the time, isn't it? When you develop urges, if you start developing urges, one thing that'll happen to you is all the excess weight in the body will start going away by itself. You know, if you come to the yoga center, you will see certain people at certain times will be in a certain type of sadhana or certain type of inner work. When they're doing this, these days we keep them completely secluded because people get scared looking at the way they eat.  But they will be losing weight. We will put them on high-fat diet, all ghee, milk, butter, like this. In spite of that, they will continue to lose weight simply because they're converting the physical into non-physical dimension of energy. Whatever they consume is just burnt and it doesn't become body, it becomes another dimension of energy. In yoga, we call this as stealing from the earth because whatever you have right now, the mass of your body is something that you have borrowed from this planet. You can borrow. She's... Mother earth is very generous with the loan that she gives. You can borrow as much as you want if you can carry it around. But when the time to payback, when the time for payback comes, she will collect atom to atom. If you say, I've been here for so long, let me have one atom as a souvenir, now deal. She collects every atom back. So this is considered stealing from the earth because now you transform physical into non-physical dimension of energy. Now she cannot stop you. You can take it away with you. So this is packaging something for a long journey without she knowing about it. Otherwise, she will grab it back. If it's in the physical form, she'll filter it out. If it's in the non-physical form, the earth cannot hold it back. Now you're doing Shambhavi. If you're doing it every day, you will develop orgies, some amount of orgies, which will see suddenly everything seems to be facilitated for you. It just happens. If you do not have any orgies, you may have all other capabilities, but simply because of the fear of friction, you will be held back. I feel this is eighty percent of the world's population. They're all held back. Always with the fear of what will happen to me, what will happen to me, wherever they go, they will have bad experiences.  I think this is eighty percent of the population.  So, orgies or generating orgies is a very important part of living successfully in whatever you're doing.


Alright, good morning, welcome everyone, trust that you are all doing well, we will continue to learn about believers authority, we will get started with the word of prayer and would anyone here on campus, why don't you pray, start with prayer, then we will get into good. Lord heavenly Father, thank you Jesus, Lord for this day, Lord that you gave us and Lord thank you again that you are learning, your word Lord help us, guide us Lord, give us knowledge and wisdom. So Lord we will be able to learn properly and Lord I give you through our lecture, in your hand Jesus, Lord give her also your knowledge and guidance, Lord give you strength Lord, so Lord she will teach us your word Lord Jesus.  Amen, thank you, thank you Diksha, let's continue, we have completed chapter 8, so now we can begin with chapter 9, we were talking about all the difference fears where we can exercise our authority and we also saw how the enemy plays mind games and we must be aware of these mind games so that we can identify it quickly and take our dominion. We talked about enforcing our victory, do we already have the victory? Yes, is Satan already defeated? So we know these things, as believers all we have to do is by faith we need to go ahead and enforce that weekly, so use the authority which has already been given to us, these are the things that we looked at in the last class. Today we will talk about having a lifestyle where having an overcomer's lifestyle, so one thing that we have to understand is Jesus has already given us whatever we need to be an overcomer, so it's not like we have to do something to get that authority or dominion, we already have it but exercising it, knowing it, being aware of it and exercising it in every situation is what is required. So what is the lifestyle that a believer can have which will first of all protect us, it will protect us from the attacks of the devil and also help us to defeat the devil each time. He's already defeated but with our actions we can go ahead and completely take charge of our victory in those situations. So what are some attacks that the enemy brings against us, usual attacks or usual games that he plays, what are those? Intimidation, discouragement, okay, anything else, usually what does he do, we've already finished all this, so you have to be quick. Yeah, mind game intimidation, wrong thoughts, okay, can we state a few more, generally what does he bring, what comes to our minds? Okay, fear, depression, distractions, I think that's what you mean Sister Lucy by gadgets, worry, yeshani is saying worry, temptation, good, argument, okay, fine, yeah. Arguments we've seen the progression, we said that thoughts can move from just that place to imaginations, arguments become strongholds. So these are all aspects that we've seen, good, so these are the ways in which Satan attacks us. So as a believer what should our lifestyle look like to keep overcoming the devil every time, that's what we are going to consider. So one real important thing for us to reconcile in our minds is that now we are in Christ Jesus, okay, we are in Christ Jesus, we have that position in Christ. And when we are in Christ, the scriptures teach us that we are hidden in Christ, we are positioned in Christ. And therefore we already have a place of immunity, what does immunity mean? Health wise immunity, we talk about it, yeah, what is immunity? Yeah, strength to withstand, strength to overcome, let's say, you know, we are exposed to some form of infection or some allergen, when we have immunity, it won't affect us, okay, we can overcome that. Same way as a believer, Satan and his tactics, we cannot escape it if we are on the earth, right? But since we are in Christ Jesus, we already have a place of immunity in Him, okay? Because we are in Him, we are in Christ and as long as we are walking with the Lord, the enemy cannot touch us. That's what scripture teaches us. In 1 John chapter 5 verses 18, we can read that. Could someone pick up that scripture please? 1 John 5 verse 18 and 19, those two scriptures, yeah, Deeksha will read it. And we can all listen carefully to what it says. 1 John chapter 5 verse 18, we know that whoever is born of God does not sin, but he who has been born of God keeps himself and the wicked one does not touch him. We know that we are of God and the whole world lies under the sway of the wicked one. Okay, so a few key things, we are of God, we know that we are of God. We're in Christ and we are of God, we belong to God. So that is something for us to always remember we are of God and it also says that a believer, when we are walking in righteousness, he keeps himself. Okay, we keep ourselves away from unrighteousness and the evil one cannot touch us. So when we are walking in righteousness, evil one cannot touch us. So it is a place of immunity being in Christ, belonging to Christ itself is a place of immunity to begin with. Now let's look at other things that will give us the strength to overcome the enemy's tactics. The next important aspect to remember is intimacy, intimacy, intimacy with God. What is intimacy? closeness, close relationship. Okay, so having a close relationship with God is what is known as intimacy. So when we are, when we have that kind of a relationship with God, God's protection is on our lives. Psalm 91, what does Psalm 91 say? Let's read the initial few scriptures. We could read verse one and maybe even verse two, verse one and two. How about someone online, Psalm 91 verses one and two. Sister, can I say, I know it by heart verse two and verse three. He who dwells in the secret place of the most high shall abide in the shadow of the Almighty. Yes. Okay, fine, one verse is enough. What do we understand from that one verse? He who dwells in the secret place of the most high. So it's talking about being positioned in God's presence. When we are positioned like that, we are told that we are dwelling in the shelter of God. How does shelter help us? If we have shelter, secure, secure, safe, isn't it? So when we are dwelling in the intimate presence of God, God is our shelter. He's our protection. So then that also is immunity, isn't it? It gives us that strength to overcome the attacks of the devil. Let's consider for a moment the life in the Garden of Eden and the mandate that God gave man. So going way back when God created man, woman, he put them in the garden. Did he give them any weapons to protect themselves against Satan? Was Satan around at that time? Yes, he was. He very much was because we see him coming and trying to deceive Eve at that point. So he was around. Now God knew that he was around. Did God give any weapons? Say, okay, keep these weapons. Satan will come. Then you can attack him back. Think and tell me. Just instructions about what to do, what not to do. So they didn't have any weapons as such. We are all clear about that. Then how did God expect them to be safe? Follow the instruction. Anything else? How did their safety come? They didn't have any weapons. Yes, sister. God's presence was with them. God was dwelling with them. God's presence. Yeah. God's presence and Lucy says obedience through obedience. That's what Akhil was saying. Follow the instructions. The safety in those instructions. So then if they did not have weapons, they could still be safe. And we will look at four reasons how they could be safe. You know, in that situation. First is as sister Gertrude said, the presence of God. Adam and Eve had fellowship. They had a relationship with God. Isn't it? God used to come speak to them, spend time with them. So communion with God. And we've already seen Sam 91 when we are in the presence of the Lord. He's our shelter. He's our refuge. So having our strong relationship with God is already a place where there is protection. That communion with God. That's a place of protection. And then what else did they have? We said that God commanded them. God gave them instructions. As long as they walked in obedience was everything okay? Everything was okay because they were obedient to the command of God. And the same applies for us today. One is the presence of God. If we are, we have the presence of God. If we have communion with God, we have that relationship intimacy. We said, close relationship with God. There is protection in that. Secondly, obedience to what God says. When they are walking in that way. There is protection. We can call it submission, isn't it? When we submit to what God is calling us to do. Then again, there is protection in that. What else? Apart from that, we know that God asked them to take charge of the garden, to tend it, to nurture it, care for it, protect it. So, God gave them responsibility. Isn't it? To take care of the place that he entrusted to them. Apart from this, in Genesis 1, from verses 26 to 28 when we read, we also see that God blessed them. And what did he say? Be fruitful and multiply. So, God gave them a responsibility. What was that responsibility? Responsibility to be fruitful, to multiply, to subdue, have dominion and also to take care of the task that God gave them. So, as long as they were doing what God asked them to do, were they safe? They were safe. So, the same things apply to us today. Whatever God has called us to do, our assignment, our responsibility. We can talk about the broad responsibility of glorifying God, the broad responsibility of living for God's purposes. We can also talk about the personal details of that. What is it that God has called you and me to do? We've got to be engaged in those things. And when we do that, there is automatically a safety that comes from taking up the responsibility that God has given us. And of course, God gave them dominion. He gave them dominion and he wanted them to rule and reign. He gave them power to subdue. We read about all the sections in nature that he assigned to them and said, you go subdue, take charge, have dominion. And as long as they were walking in that dominion, there was still safety. Same thing applies to us today. God has given us because we have been created in the image of God that dominion was originally given to us. And we've talked about how during the fall the scales kind of shifted and Satan took charge. But thank God for Jesus, he has redeemed us. He has brought back the authority and he told all authority is mine and I give it to you. So as believers, right now we have that authority. We're carrying that authority. So as long as we're walking in that authority that again, it's like a protection. It's our protection. So these were those four things that helped Adam and Eve stay in a place of safety while they did not have any so-called weapons with them. So what are those four things? One is relationship with God. Relationship with God protected them. Secondly, submission to God's instruction protected them as long as they were walking. According to what God was telling them to do, they were fine. Next is responsibility. So they took up responsibility of whatever God wanted them to do that again protected them and taking charge of the dominion that God had called them to. So in this way, they were able to stay safe. But the moment Satan came and he deceived Eve, they disobeyed God and they lost. So how do we apply this to ourselves? I've already been sharing how we could understand these things and then even we pursue intimacy with God. There is safety for us. When we take up our responsibility, there's safety for us. When we are strong in our identity in Christ, there is safety for us. There are things that we can learn from and that helps us to be overcomers at all times. So I'll keep going through the next couple of sections. If you have any doubts, questions or any comments, please feel free. You can unmute and ask right away. I'll keep going forward. So let's go to the next section here. That talks about consecration. Consecration and obedience to God. Consecration means dedication and we've discussed this. You remember when we said if any object is dedicated to we saw in the case of demons, when it is dedicated to those demons it becomes an expression, a vessel for expression. So the flip side of that is we as believers dedicate ourselves to God. God can manifest. His presence is glory through each of us. So consecration is very important. We need to be dedicated to God. We need to be committed to God, submitted to God. We've seen that word earlier and be obedient to God. Do you recall James chapter 4? We've seen that passage earlier. Quickly look at two verses. James 4 verses 6 and 7. Another person can read it please. So Diksha finished. Maybe Sabita can read it now. James chapter 4 verses 6 and 7. Yes. But he gives more grace. Therefore it says God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble. Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil and he will be from you. Alright. Thank you Sabita. So we notice that God gives grace to the humble. The humble are people who walk under God's authority. Isn't it? So when we humble ourselves what are we saying? We are saying we surrender, we submit ourselves to you. It's a place of submission. And not only that in verse 7 the scripture says therefore submit to God, resist the devil and he will flee from you. We've been talking about overcoming the devil. And to overcome the devil we saw the basis for that how Jesus died on the cross and because he has already won the victory over Satan now we can enforce our victory. So using that we want to resist the devil. We will come to a section where we will talk about what are some of the commands that we can use. We bind so many different ways in which we can actually resist the devil. So resisting is important because Satan, he throws his fiery darts, his attacks on us. So we have to resist it. But there's a very important thought before the resisting. What is that? What is it? Submission to God. So there's no point if we try to resist the devil while we are unsubmitted to God. Because what happens when we are disobedient or if we have sin in our lives that is not dealt with what does it act as? Open doors. So we already have so many open doors and then here we are trying to resist the devil. Do you think it will be effective? Definitely not. So while resistance is so very key, we have to resist the devil. What is even more important is to begin with submission. So when we begin with submission, submit to God then resist the devil. Otherwise all are battling against the devil. I mean it's futile. We are just wasting our energy. Resisting and binding and rebuking and casting out because you cast it and you come back. Lots of open doors for him to come back. So submission to God is what keeps us safe when we are submitted to God and then we resist the devil. So both are important. We are not saying don't take charge, don't resist. That's not what we are saying. We are saying let's begin with submission. May our lives be submitted wholly to the Lord and then we resist the devil. He will flee from us. So there's a beautiful statement in our notes here. It says to the extent he reigns in me, he can also reign through me. Reign means rule. So what we are saying is if we are submitted to God in such a way that God is ruling in every area of our lives. If God is ruling, I'm just for example saying God is ruling as far as my time is concerned. I give my time to the Lord, I commit my time to the Lord. If God is ruling as far as my finances are concerned, God is first place in the way I manage my finances or in my relationships, I put God first. In every area of our lives, if God is ruling and reigning, meaning we give him full submission and God is the one who has everything in that area of our lives. Then what happens is the way in which we have submitted to God or the extent to which he is ruling and reigning, he will be able to rule through us. We are now going to resist the devil, whether it is in our own lives or if we see another person oppressed we want to go against the devil. So if God is ruling mightily in us, then we can enforce that authority effectively in our ministry. So this is the right way of considering overcoming the devil. Is that fine or am I confusing you? Okay, fine. Alright, so that's good. So if there are any points for discussion, please feel free to bring it up. We will keep moving on. We will go to the next section here that talks about the armor of God. So the scriptures teach us that one of the ways in which we can be safe from the attacks of Satan is to put on the armor. There is an armor. It is an invisible armor. It's a spiritual armor. Right now we can't see it. None of us are dressed with a helmet and a breastplate and carrying swords. At least I can't see it with my natural eyes. Okay, for the skit, yeah, you will be dressed later but right now you're not. However, there are these spiritual parts of the armor. Which we are supposed to put on and that's what scriptures encourage us to do. So let's quickly read through the section that speaks about the spiritual armor and then I will share. So the next person I think it would be Blesi. Blesi, could you read from Ephesians 6 verses 10 to 18? Ephesians 6, 10 to 18. Finally, my brother and peace strong in the law and with the power of peace point. Put on the whole armor of God that you may be able to stand against the violence of the devil. For we do not wrestle against flesh and blood but against the principalities, against powers against the rulers of the darkness of this age against spiritual host of wickedness in the heavenly places. Therefore take up the whole armor of God that you may be able to withstand in the evil day and having done all to stand. Stand therefore having girded your waist with truth, having put on the breastplate of the righteousness and having short your feet with the preparation of gospel of peace above all taking the shield of faith with which you will be able to pinch the all the fairy darts of the wicked one. Okay. Go on.  Okay. Wonderful. So we've seen that Paul is talking about resisting the devil. Okay. So stand therefore having done all stand. What does it mean? It's talking about resistance. Now the enemy can come against us but when we are standing what is the message that we are giving the enemy? Yeah. We're holding on. We're holding on. Okay. You do whatever you want to do but we will not move from here. We are immovable. Okay. We are against you. We will stand with all the energy that we have. So we are holding on. That is the meaning of stand. So stand against what should we stand against? What are some of his tricks? Yeah. Confusion, lies, deception, temptation. So all of us as believers face these things. Right. On a daily basis. We are facing these attacks. So when we are under these attacks what are we supposed to do? Stand. This simply means resist. Don't accept it. Don't accept it. Resist. Overcome. And we are talking about the overcomer's lifestyle. We are supposed to overcome because we already have the victory. So when these attacks come against us we stand. Stand therefore. Opposition. Many things can come against us. At all points we've got to stand and Paul also is using the image or the imagery of a Roman soldier. And the way a Roman soldier gets dressed for war. He's asking us to put on the parts of the armor. Put on the armor, the whole armor. Okay. So it does not mean physically, you know, we put on the armor. Even if you put on the armor do you think we are vulnerable to the devil? Of course. Like if you put a natural armor it's of no use against the devil because his weapons are spiritual and therefore we've got to put on the spiritual armor. So when we look at those words there like helmet, breastplate or a sword. All of this is imagery for us to understand spiritual things that we need in our lives to protect ourselves against the devil. So what are some parts that he lists out? He says helmet of salvation. It simply means the knowledge that I am saved. I am born again. I am in Christ Jesus. A believer needs to settle that in their hearts and have the assurance that they are born again. There should be no confusion regarding this matter. Okay. There should be no confusion regarding our understanding about who we are in Christ. So when we are strong in the work of salvation and in our identity, it works like a helmet.  Right? Once head is gone, everything is gone. So we've got to protect our head and that is why Paul is saying helmet of salvation in our minds to be aware that I am now born again. I'm a child of God. I'm redeemed. I'm blessed and victorious. All these things have to be settled. I must be convinced assured of these matters and never forget it. So when a believer is like that, so strong in their identity, do you think it's easy for the enemy to come and shake you? Never. It's not possible. Right? He may try, but because the believer is so clear about their salvation and their identity, it becomes challenging to get that particular believer. But imagine a believer who doesn't understand salvation assurance of salvation. Very confused in Christ. I'm not sure. Very confused. Do you think it's easy for the enemy to get that person? Very easy. You can actually go pick on that person because Satan may have a fair chance. So helmet of salvation put on the helmet. Protect that mind. Protect your understanding about salvation. Breastplate of righteousness. So breastplate of righteousness might would mean, it could mean like our understanding that now we are the righteousness of God in Christ Jesus. By grace, that's what Jesus has done for us. We've become the righteousness of God in Christ Jesus. So firstly, we get that understanding of how God has made us righteous in Christ and secondly to walk in righteousness. You see, when Adam and Eve sinned one act of disobedience it exposed the whole world to corruption. And we've talked about this, isn't it? We said God is so holy that even one small missing the mark sin. It destroyed the future of the world that Adam and Eve were living in at that point. So we know how holy God is and that one act of disobedience had such dire consequences. So for us today, we have the destruction of God. We have the word of God. We know what is right, what is wrong. The Holy Spirit is teaching us, we are being equipped. So when we know these things, we have to walk in those things. Knowing it, we disobey. And then we expect to be protected. It's very difficult. So breastplate of righteousness also means walking in righteousness. So that also will protect us. Belt of truth, belt of truth simply means understanding the truth of God's word. God's word is the truth. So firstly, we've got to know it, understand it. But also walk in truth or that refers to integrity, isn't it? To be truthful to be the same person wherever we are, whether it's like in public or private, we are truthful. We have integrity before God. We carry the right heart before God. So when we are living like that, that is also a protection. Satan cannot attack us. He can't get us. So the belt of truth, shoes of the gospel, shoes of the gospel refers to our readiness to share the gospel with people. So sharing of the gospel, it has to be a part of every believer's life because what did Jesus tell us? He gave us the great what? Great commission, isn't it? We are all supposed to go and share about who Jesus is, what he has done and let people know that salvation has been made available to them. So sharing of the gospel is important and that also is a part of our armor. Then we have the sword the word of God. So the sword, like when we study about the parts of the armor of a Roman soldier, it is said that all the other parts are for defense. But there is this one part for offense. So defense is just simply protecting ourselves, but offense is going against the devil. What can we use as an offense against Satan? The word of God. That is the sword. So we can take the sword or the word and we can speak it in any given situation and we know that we will have the victory. How did Jesus overcome the temptation after his past 40 days he was fasting and Satan came and told him many things. So he used the word of God he kept saying it is written, it is written, it is written. What is Jesus doing? What we are discussing right now take the sword, just chop up the lies of the devil. So that is what we too would need to do. Use the sword of the spirit. It's an offensive weapon. Shield of faith. Shield of faith is shield. I'm sure we all understand what a shield is. You can hold it up. Right? Wherever the arrows are coming from, you hold the shield it protects you. It protects your heart. It protects whichever part. Like you just lift it up and it will protect us. Shield of faith we are told. So when we have faith in God strong faith in God, how does what does it act as? It acts as a shield. So when the enemy comes with his life and we are carrying faith in our hearts he cannot get us easily because we are strong in our faith. He can't easily get us with discouragement or some accusation some lies. Each time we have our faith in place and the arrows or the fiery darts of the devil are destroyed when we carry the shield of faith. Let's quickly go to I'll just go up here. It seems like there's a question. Yes, sister. Go to it. Sister, can I ask you which word which was in the Bible we can use as the word of God? I'm sorry I didn't quite get your question. You said we have to use the word of God right? Which word we can use from the Bible which was okay, which was so whatever is appropriate for that situation Sister Gertrude, for example if Satan is attacking us with fear then we have to speak scriptures that talk about overcoming fear or scriptures about courage like the way Paul told Timothy you have not received a spirit of fear but of power and of love and a sound mind so use the appropriate scripture for that situation Okay, sister. Yeah so you can apply it for various circumstances Okay, great. Good question Anything else? Any other thoughts? Let's continue then. In our notes the next section talks somewhat elaborately about faith we've already understood that faith protects us as a shield. It is also an offensive weapon against the devil. Jesus taught us in Matthew chapter 17 and we're looking at the verses given here in our notes and I'll read for us a part of verse 20. Yeah so where Jesus says that you know if somebody has faith like a mustard seed and they speak to the mountain and instruct the mountain move from here to there it will move and that last part of verse 20 says and nothing will be impossible for you. So there are things that can be done by faith that are amazing amazing things can be done by faith when we carry faith and we operate in faith so faith is such an important part of a believer's life to grow in our faith and keep our faith strong and when we carry that kind of faith we'll keep overcoming the devil. His attacks or you know tough situations, difficult situations we go through those situations by faith and we can even see the way it says here very difficult things turn around nothing will be impossible for you. It's God helping us understand that incredible things can happen if we walk by faith. So a believer must employ faith and when we are employing faith we can keep living the overcoming life okay so faith is so very important and be strengthened in our faith keep our faith strong making it stronger in God. How do we become stronger in our faith? Oh come on how do we become stronger in our faith? Hearing and hearing by the word of God you've all cleared a course we have to wait for like 5 seconds for the answer to come. So by the word of God that's the primary way by which our faith grows. So the more I dwell in the word, the more I take in the word hear the word, my faith increases that's the way of growing our faith. The primary way of course there are a couple of other things that we can do but the main way is to get into the word. Meditate on the word of God let's continue here let's see a few more sections that teach us how to be overcomers so we've talked about several things. Let me just recap for our understanding. Firstly we said being in Christ helps us, protects us having intimacy with God is so necessary and even when Adam and Eve did not have any weapons that is what protected them we talked about consecration and obedience to God, the different parts of the armor, we've talked about faith and finally two more things that will help us be strong and protect us from the devil are intercession intercession and fasting these are the next two things. So intercession you remember at the time when Jesus had the revelation that Peter, Satan will attack Peter. What did he say to Peter? I have prayed for you I have prayed for you so that he could overcome so prayer is important and in this case we would call it intercession because Jesus prayed for Peter so praying and intercession is also helpful to protect us against Satan's attack many times we've spoken about prophetic prayer that God can help he may reveal to us ahead of time certain things that could happen why does God reveal in dreams and by some sort of some prophecy why does God reveal ahead of time about Satan's attacks prayer. One of the main things that we have to do with the revelation that we receive is to pray intercede and that protects us. So prayer is another way to overcome the enemy's attacks and then there is fasting do you recall we've spoken about Daniel. Daniel was praying, fasting at a time when God had already released an answer to one of his prayers and it wasn't coming through because of a demonic interference what did Daniel do? He prayed and he fasted so through that God overcame those demonic forces he sent his angel they fought the angel fought and then the answer actually came through to Daniel. So what is the position that Daniel took? He gave himself to prayer and fasting. So when we pray and fast even then we can receive the victory of God and overcome the devil. So fasting is helpful. Do you remember at the time when like there was a person who came to Jesus and they wanted their child to be set free and the disciples could not cast out the demon. What did Jesus say? This is in Matthew 17 again Jesus said this kind shall not go out except by prayer and fasting fasting. So fasting what does fasting do? Fasting helps us become stronger in our faith and what do we need to cast out demons to overcome the works of darkness we need faith isn't it? So when we fast what happens is that our faith is strengthened and then we are able to overcome the enemy so prayer or intercession and fasting are the other two aspects that will help us have an overcoming life. So if we have these elements in our day-to-day living, we are walking in obedience we are putting on our armor, we have intimacy with God we are people of prayer, people who fast then we can keep overcoming the works of the devil. So let me just excuse me open it up for any questions. Yes Shani I just want to know in terms of how does the fasting help us become stronger in our faith? I just kind of see about how it intensifies our spiritual hunger but because I was told that fasting doesn't move God you fast so that you can hear from him know what to do so I just wanted to ask you in terms of how does it help us get stronger in our faith and then you were saying something about can you repeat that over because I was taking notes about God revealing things about I guess the devil dreams and visions and then that way you can pray and fast and how to proceed is that what you were saying? Yes, yes so Shani to answer your first question how does fasting help us? So what fasting does as you rightly said it does a work in us so it's not necessarily changing God in any way but it is changing us. When we fast one way of looking at things is that you know the fleshly part of us right it dies because you are refusing you're refusing comfort you're refusing pleasure if you want to call it food so what happens is that that fleshly part of us you're actually crucifying the flesh and you are making way for the spirit man to thrive to grow and therefore we find that the spirit man becomes more sensitive becomes stronger develops okay develops and I'm just trying to help us understand like even with this analogy we can see that we are really helping our spirit man okay and when we meditate on the word we incorporate the word along with fasting we are becoming stronger and stronger in the word of God and as we are strengthening our spirit man the capacity of the spirit man is increasing Shani and we are eliminating doubt that's also another thing that happens and as you're eliminating doubt and you're growing stronger in your faith fasting is actually helping you become a stronger believer helping you to take your authority in Christ okay was that clear enough? Yeah that was very helpful and just to ask another question do you get the fast from food or can it be like maybe like from the TV from your cell phone from I mean because some people I don't know how it can be different things I just didn't know so I wanted some clarification on that because some people can't really have a hard time fasting for food to be food or right so we can fast other things and not just food but we see many examples of fasting food in scripture so if that is a possibility then it's good to do that to fast food not fast food but fast food but yes we can we can engage in other forms of fasts where we may want to skip things that we like where we are spending a lot of our time social media or you know other entertainment so that's also fine. Okay so basically something that's pleasurable as we should but if we can't do food then something that's pleasurable as fast from that okay that clarifies it thank you. Thank you I don't know if I answered your second question I forgot Yes you did you answered it well. Okay fine alright so thank you everyone 10 minutes break and we'll come back at 10 a.m. so see you all then thank you.


Hello, and welcome to this screencast. In this screencast, we will calculate the center of mass for an object with variable density. A three-foot-long metal bar that has its left end at x equals zero has the density given by delta x equals five plus two x pounds per foot. We want to find the center of mass of this bar, or the place where it would balance. And to the right, we have the formula for x bar, the center of mass. First, we'll draw a graph of the density function. The bar is three feet long. When x equals zero, the density is five pounds per foot. When x equals three, the density is five plus two times three, which is 11 pounds per foot, so we can put that on the graph. Since the bar is three feet long and the left end is at x equals zero, our limits of integration are from a equals zero to b equals three. Our graph doesn't really give us a picture of this bar itself, but it does show us that the density of the bar increases from five pounds per foot to 11 pounds per foot as we move from the left end of the bar to the right end of the bar. If the metal bar had a constant density, then we would expect the center of mass, the point where the bar would balance, to be right at the middle of the bar at x equals 1.5 feet. But since the bar is denser at the right end to the left, if we tried to balance it at x equals 1.5, we would expect it to tip to the right because it's heavier at that end of the bar. And so we would expect the center of mass, or that balancing point, to be a little bit further to the right end. So here we can make a prediction that after our calculations, the center of mass will be greater than 1.5 feet. To calculate x-bar, we will first evaluate the integral in the numerator of this formula. We use the integral from zero to three of x, multiplied by delta x, which is five plus two x, and then dx. We can simplify the integrand to 5x plus x squared, and then we can integrate it. The anti-derivative of this function is five-halves x squared plus two-thirds x cubed. And we're going to evaluate at the limits, x equals zero, x equals three, and then subtract. So when we evaluate at x equals three, we get five-halves times three-squared or nine, plus two-thirds times three-cubed, which is 27. And when we evaluate the anti-derivative at x equals zero, the result is simply zero. This simplifies to 22.5 plus 18, which is equal to 40.5. This will be the numerator of our result. Next we're going to evaluate the integral that's in the denominator of the formula. We have the integral from zero to three of five plus two x dx. So the integrand this time is just our density function, delta x. The anti-derivative of five plus two x is five x plus x squared. And again, we're going to evaluate it at three and at zero and subtract. When we evaluate at x equals three, we get five times three and then plus nine. And when we evaluate at x equals zero, we get zero. This simplifies to 15 plus nine and that's equal to 24. And so that result is going to be used in the denominator of our final calculation. So to calculate x bar, the center of mass of the bar, we take our numerator, 40.5 and we divide it by 24 and this is equal to 1.6875. The units on this result are feet and this is calculated from the left end of the bar. Our result is larger than 1.5 feet and so that matches our early prediction that it would be to the left, that it would be to the right of the center of the bar. So thanks for watching.


Availability. At what point do you consider Russia overexpanding? Because there's many bio variables that can alter the view on overexpanding. At one point, at one point people probably thought the countries that exist now were overextended, but now they're what they are, I guess. I don't think it can be simplified into just being overexpanding. This is looking at it from time to time. No, I disagree with Availability, because Russia came out and they said for multiple years that they have no desire to expand their territory. They're big enough as it is. They're the biggest resource country in the world. Commodities. They came out for multiple years saying, look man, we don't want war. We don't want war. Will you guys just please stop killing eastern Ukrainians? Will you abide by Minsk one and two? Can you please agree to what we agreed in the 1990s when USSR collapsed that NATO would not expand one inch to the east, which they did, right?  Stop coming at us. Stop coming at us, right? NATO would not listen. It reached a point where they were killing Russian speaking Ukrainians and that was the line. Russia went enough is enough, right? And they stepped it up, right? It's like, have you guys, I'm going to ask you a question. Flowers child, how are you doing and dancing vigilance censored to? I want to ask you guys a question. Have you guys ever been in a fight? Have you guys ever been in a fight, right?  Just constantly come at you, right? Constantly come at you. Have you? Think about it. What would you do, right? For me, I've had that happen to me multiple times, more times than I would care to care to remember and I'm pretty sure I've forgotten many of them, right? But there's a couple of things you could do. You could stand your ground and go, don't come at me, morpho.  You can constantly step back and say, look man, no fight, no fight, no fight and walk away, right? Or run away, right? Or at some point when the person's coming at you and they're back you up against the wall, which is what they've done. NATO went from here to here. This is Russia, got it? This is Russia, right? From here, Russia was saying, stop coming our way. Stop, stop, stop, stop, stop. At some point when they come at you, when your back's against the wall, you take your elbow and go, knock them right in the chin, right?  And you don't stop until they're on the ground bleeding, right? That's what you do. That's what Russia did. These dumbasses thought that Russia didn't have the ability to do that.  Unfortunately, 500,000 Ukrainians dead, country annihilated, 50,000 Russians dead. That is war. Stop waging war.


I never started, but I try to finish it when I can.   But if somebody says something to me, then I'll be talking that whole game, yeah, for sure.  Are you going like personal for people or are you? No, I would never get, well, I would never say never, but you never know.  Yeah, that's what trash talk is.   I wonder what the talk is about you, about teams that you play against.


Hello everyone, I am Prashant S. Malge, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics Engineering, WIT, Swollapur.  At the end of this session, student will be able to draw the cascade realization structure for a given FIR system. Now, I will see the cascade structures. Now, consider a transfer function h of z is equal to 1 minus 2 z raise to minus 1 into 3 minus z raise to minus 1. Now, let us think of the zeros of this transfer function. Now pause this video for a minute and think on what are the zeros? Okay, you might have already written the zeros. Now, there are two zeros. The first one, this term becomes 0 when the value of z is equal to 2. So, therefore, z 1 is equal to 2. For the second, this term to become 0, the value of z must be equal to 1 upon 3. So, that z raise to minus 1 is equal to 3 and 3 minus 3 becomes 0. So, therefore, z 2 is equal to 1 by 3. Now, let us consider multiplying these two terms.  Now, to understand the cascade form structure, let us consider this h of z represented as h 1 z into h 2 z. So, we know that here when two systems are connected in cascade, the corresponding systems will draw. Let us, the system is h n as input. The first system is unity impulse response h 1 n which is given to the second system whose unity impulse response is h 2 n and the output of this is y of n. The equivalent system is the impulse response of the equivalent system will be h 1 n into sorry convolution h 2 n. So, according to community property, this can be written as h 2 n convolution with h 1 n and so, this input x of n output y of n and once again this can be written as h 2 n cascade connection of two systems and h 1 n. So, what does it mean? If you have two systems connected in cascade with impulse responses h 1 n and h 2 n, then you can change the order of the two systems and you can take it as first system h 2 n with h 1 n. So, as we have seen h of z is equal to 1 minus 2 z raise to minus 1 into 3 minus z raise to minus 1. Now, let us realize the system, this is 1 minus 2 z raise to minus 1. Comparing it to our standard equation, the value of b 0 is 1, value of b 1 is equal to minus 2. Similarly, for this system the value of b 0 is 3 and value of b 1 is equal to minus 1. So, therefore, if I am considering x n input b 0 which is equal to 1. So, this delay gives me x of n minus 1. If I am adding these two, I will get the first system. Now, this is given as an input to second system. So, this is 3 and this is minus 1. Adding together I will get y of n at the output. So, we have this is h 1 z and this is h 2 z. So, here we have connected these two systems in cascade. The order of this can be interchanged and gives you a equivalent system. Now, we use the same for the generalized transfer function. So, now, let us discuss cascade form structures for the system transfer function h of z is equal to summation h of z is equal to summation k equal to 0 to m minus 1 b k z raise to minus k. So, in this case this particular transfer function can be written as a product of second order subsystems as h of z is equal to product of k equal to 1 to capital K h k z where this h k z is equal to b k 0 plus b k 1 z raise to minus 1 plus b k 2 z raise to minus 2. Where this k equal to 1 to capital K h k z where this h k z is equal to b k 0 plus b k 1 z raise to minus 1 plus b k 2 z raise to minus 2. Where this k equal to 1 to up to capital K here k this capital K is integer part of m by 2. Because suppose for example, we have m is equal to phi. So, this m minus 1 will be 4 the order of the term will be 4 order of the polynomial will be 4 and therefore, there will be 2 subsystems. So, phi divided by 2 the it is integer part is 2. So, these this h k z is a second order subsystem. Now, while forming these subsystems the coefficient b 0 may be equally divided into k odd number of subsystems like b 0 equal to b 1 0 into b 2 0 into b 3 0 dot dot dot b k 0 or it can be taken into one of the system. Now, when we are combining the 0's to form a second order subsystem you can combine complex conjugate 0's. So, that the coefficients b k i in the second order system whereas, the real 0's can be combined in any arbitrary manner. So, with this the cascade structure for our h of z will look like the input x of n. This will go to the first system whose transfer function is h 1 z. Now, here I can consider this as x 1 n. So, your x of n will be equal to x 1 n. The output y 1 n of this will go as input to second order subsystem. So, this will be second system. So, likewise this will continue this will go to a system may be h k minus 1 z the output of that will go to a final system h k z and this output will be y of n. So, this y capital k n will be equal to y of n whereas, here the input to output of the system will be y of k minus 1 n will be equal to input here will be equal to x of k n. So, we will have k subsystems which are connected in cascade whereas, individual systems in this the realisation will be because now individual system is basically h k z is equal to b k 0 plus b k 1 z raise to minus 1 plus b k 2 z raise to minus 2. So, if I have x of n. So, this will be z raise to minus 1 gives me x of n minus 1 further z raise to minus 1 gives x of n minus 2. So, this is b k 0 here it will be b k 1 and here this is b k 2. So, if I add all these terms together I will get the realisation structure for this. So, this is the direct form realisation of the second order subsystem. So, every subsystem in this will be system like this. Now depending on the value of m say for example, m is equal to 7. So, when m is equal to 7 our equation here it will be k equal to 0 to 6. So, there will be the order of this will be 6. So, the number of terms will be 3. So, in that case all the three subsystems subsystems will have coefficients b k 0 b k 1 and b k 2. But if I consider m is equal to 6 then from this equation k equal to 0 to m minus 1 that is k equal to 0 to 5 b k z raise to minus k there the order of the system will be 5. And so you have for all three systems for out of those three for one of the system your b k 2 will be 0. So, this is how given systems can be realised using cascade realisation. Let us consider another example on realisation. Let us assume x z is equal to 1 minus 1 by 2 z raise to minus 1 1 plus 1 by 4 z raise to minus 2 into 1 plus 1 by 3 z raise to minus 1 plus 3 by 8 z raise to minus 2. So, now we have two subsystems. So, the realisation structure will be here x n you have to draw two second order systems. So, z raise to minus 1 z raise to minus 1 this will be b k 0 that is 1 this will be minus 1 by 2 1 by 4 add the terms together. So, this is h 1 side this will go as an input to second system. So, z raise to minus 1 z raise to minus 1 this is the b k 0 of this is 1 this will be 1 by 3 and this will be 3 by 8. So, if I add this to I will get y of and so this is h 2 z. So, this is how given a transfer function we can draw the cascade form structure for the FIR system. Thank you.


So one thing to read there's a few you know misconceptions or things that people will say You know that oh, that's an error that isn't an error But really it all goes back to to this this term ordinary effort and so You know some of the things you know people might say you know if the ball is Hit to the shortstop, you know and it hits his glove and it bounces away Some people might say oh it hit his glove, you know, that's an error But really whether or not it hits his glove has nothing to do with with with ordinary effort, right? Sometimes it might be and sometimes it might not like sit like so take this for example, you know If if the ball is hard hit and he dives over just because the ball hit his glove That doesn't mean that you know, it's his fault Because you know, he's already making such a great effort to dive and get in front of the ball You know it's the same thing that happened in the outfield, you know Say that the the ball is hit, you know way out That's that up say the ball is hit, you know way out here and You know, maybe maybe, you know almost to the fence and as soon as it's hit this the left fielder He turns around and he starts running and he dives over and tries to catch the ball and it hits his glove And it falls out. Well, it's not it's not his fault, you know that that He didn't catch the ball in that situation So so, you know in that case just because it is glove it it's not an error But you know and you can't even and really you can't say, you know by location because say that the If we say the the the fielder say the left fielder He knows if he's standing here if he starts the play, you know back here and the balls hit right here All he has to do is take a couple steps over and get underneath it And in that case if he drops the ball then it probably would be an error But so, you know the the official score he has to watch, you know, where do the players? Where do they start the play, you know and take there's a lot of different factors that they go into determining it Another thing you have to remember is that there actually has to be a Physical mistake, you know physical misplay made by the fielder so if there's a ball that's it's hit to the to the third baseman and He kind of you know takes his time maybe more than he should But he he fields the ball cleanly. He he doesn't bobble it. He picks it up He makes a good good throw over to the first base in the the First baseman catches it and doesn't bobble it But the the base runner is still able to beat that throw out and be safe There's no error on that play. That's that's just a base hit because Because you know, maybe you could argue that it's it is the fielder's fault that He should have moved quicker, but under the rules. He made no he didn't bobble it He didn't drop a throw, you know, and and he didn't the He made made an accurate throw so it wasn't wild. So one of the rules just being slow is not an error