Don't go where the path may lead but instead go where there is no path and leave a trail. This sounds 100% perfect and 100% makes sense and accurate but when it's applied to what we are rejoicing today then the whole meaning of this quote changes. Today is the day where all the roads, the paths merge and are perfected by what? By the revelations which were revealed on this night. Cultures are transformed. Religions are fulfilled and prophethood is concealed. Respected viewers, brothers and sisters in Islam. Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Welcome to tonight's episode here from the holy shrine of the commander of the faithful before I begin the episode and before I introduce anything I would like to congratulate you on this very auspicious occasion. The Eid of al-Mab'at al-Nabawi where prophet Muhammad came to perfect human race and came to send a message to the entire global community if you will. Today inshallah I am joined by my dear guest or with my dear guest Sheikh Hashem Al-Ghadeel, how are you? I would like to congratulate you on this very auspicious occasion. Alhamdulillah. Sheikh, let's kick it off with a simple question. Although it's not very simple is that why is this day or this night has been given through the traditions that we see the enormous amount of significance has been placed on this night? Can you tell me why briefly? Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Raheem. As Quran says, Allah is the one. Allah clarifies the reason in this verse that why this night is made so memorable otherwise this night is mentioned as a normal night. Allah has sealed his prophethood. The last prophet came and he announces that I am the last prophet. The Mab'at doesn't mean that he was appointed as a prophet this day. It doesn't mean that he was nominated as a prophet in this day. But he announced himself. He was declared that I am the prophet, the last prophet. Because we believe that the prophet was a prophet before Adam was born. Unto Nabeer wa Azub al-Mahya was killed. Yes. So today, today, tonight, wasn't the appointment, it was the information, the announcement of the prophet of Muhammad SAW. And he says that there were Muhammadin before him. There were believers before them. He came, was one of them. And he said I am the last prophet. He announced it. And of course the prophet started with the prophet Adam. A few thousand years ago. And this prophet had to get an end. The last prophet had to come and would summarize all of the prophets, all of the books before him. And he has to be the last one. And to consider as you said. So this night is made so, so glorified because Allah wanted us to remember for the whole of the generation till the day of Qiyamah that this was the day when I announced the last prophet. So you will remember that who was the last prophet? Adam and Nabeer. So when he came and said I am the prophet, the last prophet, because there is no prophet to come after him. The Isa, we don't know when he was appointed or when he was announced. The Isa, we don't know about it. The history only remembers the prophet Muhammad. Why? Because there is no prophet after him. So this night or this day is remembered because there is no one going to come after Muhammad. So we must remember this night. Whoever remembers this night, he will believe that there is no prophet coming after Muhammad. Now I mean from the amount of people just let the dear viewers know, from the amount of people that are here in the Holy Shrine makes it seem like it's the birthday of someone. Really makes it seem like it's the birthday of Rasulullah or Imam Ali. I remember a couple of days ago or 10 days ago we were here on the birth of Imam Ali, the father of Islam. And honestly it wasn't as packed as right now. So we can say that it's the birth of Islam. Although as you mentioned prophet Muhammad was there before Adam. Islam was there. The religion of all the prophets came before prophet Muhammad. But as I was searching up and I was asking people trying to get surveys of how many people know about this occasion. A lot of people do. But they always mix it up with another occasion, Isra'a and Ma'raj. Where the ascension basically. What is the difference between Al-Mab'at and Nabawi and Isra'a and Ma'raj? Of course there's two parts. Answer the first one. Yes. Why we see so many people here inside the Shrine of Muhammad? Islam was born, we can say now. Islam was announced, Islam was declared today. Whatever you want to call it. But why we don't see this many people inside the Shrine of Prophet Muhammad? Rather than we see the reason behind it. There's a reason. That's a point. There's a point. Prophet came, announced that all the prophets that were before him, all the books and all the religions that God sent, they're protected today. And after this there would be no harm to Islam, there would be no harm to the message of Allah, etc. Similarly, why we see people here? Why we see people coming here? Because as Prophet was the last prophet and a protector of the religions before him, Imam Ali was the protector of Islam. So as Mab'at sealed the prophethood, similarly, Godin sealed the Islam. So this is the reason people... We're emerging two things together. So this is the reason people are coming towards Imam Ali. They're contributing to him, to say a solution to him, to say congratulations to him. Why? Because whatever the role of Prophet Muhammad is, among all the Ambiya, this is the role of Imam Ali, among Islam. This is the number one. Number two, it went today and the night of Islam. They are two different occasions. They are, but a lot of people tend to put them together. Two traditions, two traditions. Yes. Two different dates of Mab'at. Yes. That Prophet went to Isra al-Miraj in the 17th of Ramadan. Yes. One is from the 3rd of Ramadan. And he said that it is hard to believe that Prophet went to Miraj less than once, less than twice or more than once. So you see, he believes that Prophet, at minimum, he went to Miraj twice. So in our religion, in Shiazah, we believe that Prophet did not go to Miraj on this night, which is the Mab'at's night. He went to Miraj was the 17th of Ramadan. Or the 23rd of Ramadan. Not today. And the ayah that reflects the Miraj, the Subh'ana Llāh, the Lajiyah, the Surābi'ah, the Hidayah, the Masjidah, the Masjidah, the backside. And that was one night. So within one night, Prophet went from Masjidah to Masjidah, and the reason why Prophet was sent to Miraj was to go to Miraj, so that Allah will show him his ayah, his simple signs. And there's one tradition from the Prophet, he says that we are the ones that Prophet saw us on the night of Isra. So this is just a misconception, understanding of the majority of Muslims that they mixed these two events. One has a different do with the other. Of us, it's totally different even than the Isra. Unfortunately, we have mixed it. But of course, until we have the teaching of Ahl al-Bahd, Yeah, and another point that actually if we can put them all together is if we look at the verse Subḥāna Llāh, the Isra, Bi'Abdihi, Lailam, the first verse of Surat al-Isra, we would realize that this is not actually the first verse that was revealed. We would see that there's a lot of revelations before that, where Azayl al-Mābah is the night where the Prophet was just... Ar-Qayt al-Jubra'il came down to him and said now you're a Prophet, although he was a Prophet but he says now begin your mission. Now your mission begins. Should you choose to accept it? As a mission impossible would say, you know? But yes, the Prophet of course accepted the mission. But another idea that if we want to come you mentioned how in Islam before Prophet Muhammad brought Islam and then Imam Ali was the one who protected Islam, the first part of the answer, the answer to the question. Now a lot of people would say that in what way does Islam need to be protected?  Why should there someone be to protect it? Isn't a divine protecting it? Well, of course there's a divine protection. That's why we are living in and we are called Muslim. But a lot of people, this question has been raised many times. Yeah, because if there was no divine protection, probably would be Allah Azza Billah Yazidi will be following some Yazidis of some times because I told you last time that there are two versions of Islam.  The very small numbers of following people but yeah, it does exist. The divine protection is there, of course. And there's all been two forces, the divine forces and the satan forces. Yes. They all been two forces. Even the first human being Adam and Islam, here 2001 was following Islam or the Prophet Adam's mission and the other one was following Islam. Yeah. So these two forces had there since the start of the time and they are still consumed until today.  Yes. This is our personal duty to find out and search and look for the real Islam. Yes. Once Imam Ali was asked that what if we live in a time where we don't know where is Haqq? Yes. Imam Ali said in every time, in every every time, our Haqq will be as bright as you see the sun in the midday. No matter how many forces come, there will be no one to hide the real Haqq. So our Haqq, the Haqq of Allah will be as bright as the sun you see in the midday. So it's our personal duty. My brothers and sisters, it's our personal duty to look for the real Islam. That Allah has protected Islam. Yes. It is there. In Nitaarikun fi kumusakalain. Tataab Allahi. Ma intama saktum behi ma. So there are two conditions. There are two things, the book and the book. If you leave the book, just follow Ahl al-Bait, probably you will lose. Or if you just take the Qur'an, Hasbun al-Kasabullah and the family you will lose. Well technically if you're following Ahl al-Bait, you're following the Qur'an. But if you follow only the Qur'an, the Qur'an needs explanatory. Someone there to explain what the verses mean.  The way we think is limited, we need someone there to guide us. That's why we have leaders that lead certain nations and so on and so forth. Speaking of Isra'an Ma'raj, speaking of Islam needs to be protected. A lot of misconceptions are revolved around the Mab'at al-Nabawi. For example, him being in a cave and so on and so forth, how Jibrail came on to him and this misconception isn't really, you know, why isn't there any witnesses to this incident? A lot of people do raise this question. This question was actually inboxed to me on Facebook today is that since the Prophet, yes, everybody believed in him because no one at that time could bring what the Prophet brought. But why weren't there any witnesses for the Prophet to, you know, for example for revelation, the Prophet before Islam, they wouldn't want false prophets because when they're in the middle of the people, they begin to receive revelations. You know what I mean? But the Prophet began in a cave it's different than the rest of the Prophets. Yeah, well, this is the first Ayah that was revealed when he was in the cave. Yes. I think all of the other Ayahs that were revealed, he was among the people. And that's why Imam Ali said that there's no Ayah that were revealed in the top of the mountain or inside the war ground. I know the meaning of it. So there are Ayahs, so there are verses that were revealed on different places. Yes. This very particular Ayah, the verses that were revealed inside the cave, I think in my words, I believe as a test. This is a test as well. For the people, because Prophet himself was introduced with his character that people even the Khufar, the Mushriki used to call him Sadik and Amin. Yes. So it was the test for them that if you had been calling him a Sadik you actually meant to him being a Sadik and believe in what he is saying. So each and every single step of the Prophet, it was a test for the Ummah. Yes. So when he came down and said I am the Prophet and Allah just whatever asked me as a Prophet. Yeah. So the people had to believe him. If they actually believed him as Sadik, they would have believed him, yes. And I mentioned last time that when he went for the Dawah and he said, if I tell you that there is an army of enemies coming from the top of the mountain, from the back side of the mountain, they said, yes, we will believe it. Why?  Yes. I said, what if you come up and you don't see the army? What will you say? I said, we will say that we have gone blind but you are still a Sadik. Let's continue that after a short break if you, inshallah. Respected viewers, do stay tuned for inshallah come back after the short break. Respected viewers, welcome back to mention again and to remind you guys that tonight is the night where the Prophet was, you know descended upon by Jibra'id, or Jibra'id descended upon Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam on this night where Islam was born although Islam did exist before Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam but tonight is the night where that title is placed on that situation Islam is born and happy birthday to all the Muslims out there but we want to continue our discussion revolving around Maba'ath and Nabawi which is the eve of today. Now we came to the question where we do apologize for that it's okay you guys can go by pilgrims it is crowded everyone here is trying to hustle through the holy shrine anyways in what way does Prophet Muhammad or in what way did Prophet Muhammad contribute to humanity and modern day societies because we do see a lot of contributions by Prophet Muhammad and we do see him perfecting the moral that says as a mercy and a way of perfection to our morals was a perfect example of perfect morals and perfect manners but in what other ways a lot of people say yes morals, religion and protecting and merciful but we need more something about humanity we need something that will make us living in coexistence I'm surprised what else they want they go to religion they go to humanity what else they want see a lot of people do have the good morals but don't have the religion they don't feel like it's a necessity you know what I mean but the importance of them all together is what we need you know what I mean but as a main contribution to humanity society what did he contribute actually the main thing that we need to understand what religion is what does religion mean religion is actually a compilation of law a guidance how one should live in society you cannot have high morals or the divine morals without I know I asked the question at the same time but yeah the religion is actually a compilation of the law a guidance of the law how one can live peacefully in society and how we can coexist in society the main thing is this is a very basic understanding that if there is a Muslim society a non-Muslim cannot live in no prophet given us the whole of the of the constitution how a non-Muslim could live in a Muslim society how a Muslim should live in a non-Muslim society there are ways all we need is all we lack is the information we have not gone through the history of prophet we have gone on through the life of prophet all we got from prophet is 10 women he had but he we have not gone through his life in the first 40 years of prophet being a prophet announcing a prophet in one word but they are wasted because we haven't gone through it we have history but we don't follow the history we go straight to the history those 40 years are actually the manifest of of a person living without religion because he did not announce that he is a Christian he didn't say I'm a Jew he didn't say I'm a Muslim but he was living in so those 40 years are for everyone whether you are a Christian whether you are a Jew or a Muslim or you don't live any religion and that's placed beautifully because what's so nice about that is he gave the community or the society he was living in the opportunity to know him and then to know what the religion is going to bring forth and the Ayat of Mopas was is what you said he is he purifies them and there is one Ayat that what do you think first he was given the guidance so those 40 years in my opinion those 40 years are the word Huda because he himself propagated what he was going to say with his tongue so we cannot say that Prophet did not give anything to the humanity those 40 years are more than enough as a Muslim he lived 23 years after he announced he probably lived let's not say something lived as a Muslim for 23 years but I mean I know what you mean I will whip that out and put it as you know we are saying that of course there is a saying in our language that if a person is intelligent he only needs the points he doesn't need the interpretation after he announced himself as a prophet he stayed for 22 years only but before he announced himself as a prophet he was 40 years so his contribution without mentioning him as a prophet is more than if we do not let those 40 years go wasted we can of course get a lot of stuff from his life and that's actually perfect because one of the main things that a lot of people do talk about is that 40 years history does mention a lot of it but for example when you mention that 40 years first as a guidance and then brought the religion a lot of people knew him as a Sadaq Al-Ameen as we first stated in today's program one of the most beautiful things that I like about the story of this 40 years is people really like Prophet Muhammad more than they liked him after Islam not everyone but a lot of people because he was the type of person where this honesty was eliminated from his heart from his life he was an honest person who lived his life purely and that's what a lot of people liked about Prophet Muhammad I must add this even after he announced himself as a prophet those who believed him as a Sadaq they didn't say that he was a liar we must say that they believed that he was a Sadaq before he said that I was a prophet and they still believed that he was a Sadaq but they said we don't believe we don't follow what you say but you are still a Sadaq and the proof of my statement is that on the night of Hijrah from Makkah to Medina the Kufar had their Ammanah with them all the Ammanahs of the Kufar and the Mushriqin were the captain of the Prophet Prophet they would have taken the Ammanah beforehand even the night the Prophet said to Imam Ali to sleep on my bed so it means that even the Kufar they didn't follow Islam they didn't believe in the Prophet but they never said that you are a Qazim they never said that you are no more Amin they still believed him as a Sadaq as an Amin but only they didn't want to live the religion of their forefathers and there are so many traditions people say that Muhammad you are a Sadaq we like you, you never like but we do not want to live the religion of our forefathers so this was the main reason not that they hated Muhammad after he himself announced the Prophet now one of the questions your viewers you can message us on Facebook and add your questions about the topic one of the questions that I just got about the 40 years before the Prophet Muhammad he is saying that so basically for 40 years the Holy Prophet for 40 years the Holy Prophet wasn't a Prophet didn't claim his religion didn't pronounce his religion but yeah he was trustworthy and as a guidance do we need religion to be a guide and to be trustworthy yeah of course if we did not need the Prophet he wouldn't have announced it but 40 years 40 years are for those people who are living following different religions those 40 years are for the people who are following different religions Mu'far, Mushaykin Yahudi, Nasrani all sort of religions he told them this is how you should live no matter what religion you follow and then he said now I'm going to show you how you should live as a Muslim so those 40 years are for general public no matter what religion you follow you should never lie no matter what religion you follow you have this moral and ethics and then after 40 years now when you are a complete human being without religion now come to success for a Muslim and then say why we need to say lie without there is a question somebody asked Prophet why do we need Allah as a one why do we need you as a Prophet when we can live peacefully Prophet replied no you cannot live peacefully if you don't follow Allah if you don't follow Muhammad you cannot live peacefully and he gave examples of all of this and describes that they would fight for years and years for the sake of one camel they would fight they would kill people they would take one cow and one camel this is not what I want this is not what Allah wants Allah wants you to give the rights of everyone see what I like about that is that this question is sometimes valid a lot of people do wonder why for 40 years the Prophet didn't pronounce his religion but at the same time you mention a very valid point as well is that really the situation of the Prophet was different from our situation now we do have a guide there is no excuse for someone to say I didn't know what this person did or that person did so basically he removed every excuse that a person can think of for 40 years as you mentioned he was known as that person so he was paving the way into completing his establishment or completing the divine establishment of Allah swt now before we go into a short break and we have like 2 minutes before we go into a short break if you can add any information about how Prophet Muhammad s.a.w was able to change the mentalities before we go into the last discussion that we have today how did he transform this mentality of being so ignorant to being what we have today again whatever Prophet left the Quran before he left it was Quran and himself so only these 2 reasons the words of Allah and the character of Muhammad I am going to say again the words of Allah and the character of Muhammad peace be upon him and his family these 2 things have changed the world these 2 things changed the mentality they used to kill their daughters and when the daughter of Muhammad s.a.w was born in the way that he said it is just one example that you should not kill your daughter instead you should respect your daughters and we see the example in all of his Prophet s.a.w whenever Fathima s.a.w used to come Prophet used to stand up and respect welcome her and used to give her aba her seed to her so she could sit for as long as she wanted a Prophet to sit next to her so this is one of the examples that Prophet used to give to the world that this is how you should live they used to kill each other they used to go for robbery for anything you can mention from the needle to the camel Prophet s.a.w said this is not what something makes a human being a perfect human being look at me I don't follow or I don't announce in religion that I am not a Muslim I am nothing but I am not killing anyone there is this concept in that Prophet when the first revelation was revealed let's just finish that because we will continue after the short break so respect the viewers do stay tuned for continue our discussion but after the short break we do apologize for that we will continue after the short break O Prophet s.a.w O Prophet s.a.w O Prophet s.a.w O Prophet s.a.w the incident where Prophet s.a.w Islam to the entire world and publicly announced his religion after 40 years after 40 years now some may say that this is not a specific incident that you know Muhammad did reveal after 40 years I think it's enough yeah 40 years is enough after you know you need to mention something though you know which religion do you follow so the Prophet did that and he announced his faith his religion whatever you want to call it Islam he announced that that incident for me I call it incident because really when someone comes to reveal something it's an occasion or an incident that yes or arrangement that he arranged with his family members now how is a 14-year-old occasion or incident able to solve modern-day problems this is somewhat correlated to the previous question of course just we look at how this mabas or occasion or incident what I want to call it happens step by step Prophet used to sit in the hierarchy for so many times yes it's not the first time he went there he used to sit there was one of his habits and one of the Sunni guy used to say that Prophet used to do yoga there so he said the Prophet used to do yoga there well that's not our view but yeah he said nothing to read there was nothing to do he was worshiped how would he just go himself you know just something funny that really just about the month the people that sit in front of them did I ask him questions like where do you get the wear yoga pants I mean like the people sitting yeah what goes to their mind yeah so that this is the mentality of people even they claim to be Muslim they claim to be the following of Prophet they claim to be understanding Prophet and still they come up with this kind of views that he was alive we are doing the yoga people have people have no actually understood what should happen Prophet Muhammad used to go there and somebody asked him that after one of the companion after they started to come to Islam asked them what we used to go there what you used to do there and then Prophet say that when he was asked that there was no Quran there was no Jibir there was no Allah what would you do there you said the Quran wasn't there for you not for me Islam wasn't there not know for you but for me it was there the Allah wasn't there for you but it was for me who was there so I used to go there and speak to Allah used to talk to Allah and he was and he was asked that what you what you would read there because there was no Quran and he said I used to read Quran and there is one why I wanted the tradition for me I'm sorry let's come and he was asked the same question he was said do you think that we Muhammad and the Prophet in the family of Muhammad we are bound by this Quran so that we could Hamd-e-Sanaf Allah know whatever we say to Allah becomes Hamd-e-Sanaf Allah whatever we say whatever we speak to Allah then becomes not and Hamd-e-Sanaf Allah we are not bound to have this any book or any word or any guidance before us so we can communicate to Allah so Prophet used to go there in the here I gave gave and used to sit there and speak talk to Allah and look at the Kaaba and whatnot one of the one of the day he was sitting there and Gabriel came and said Prophet this is the time one just said the Galakrabin now go and tell your your family members about yourself and and this the words the famous Ayat was revealed Iqra Bismillah be call us if Allah yes so this Iqra is not that you read from now it was that go away in front of them tell them that what Allah has told you go away in front of them so then Prophet came down to Khadija Salam Allah and he told her that today I am given the permission or the order from Allah to go and tell the people what I am and Khadija Salam Allah said I think yeah go and do whatever you asked to do and you will see me behind you and then from the house of Khadija he went to the house of Abu Talib was salam and he said uncle I am going to start my mission so where should I start and Abu Talib say I'm with you and my son Ali is with you and Abu Talib was the one who arranged all this will Ashira and on his money it was it was organized and funded so then Prophet said that come to me I am the Prophet follow me and then one of the Musaqeen said to Abu Talib that you used to follow Muhammad and now you will follow your son Ali you always be a follower they ridicule them for that yeah so it was just because they had nothing to say else I mean they had no religion they had they had no statement they had no no religion no no ground so all they could do is this kind of stuff ridicule yeah but Prophet didn't lose anything else I mean he didn't give up you know just a start and coming to the question they were message we get from prophets from today's from tonight's event that he was the mobile from the night above us he was one person in the in the mission when so he was only one he did not have a sure I don't have a key for where he has so many people they would still decide who he's our leader and we all follow him no he was just one person the first person he went down was Khadija his wife the second person he went with Abu Talib and his son so these things stab us to give us a message that no matter if you are one wallah you ask him to come in and ask if you are on the way of Allah from the path of Allah Allah we pray from the people definitely yeah and number one number two trust your family members trust your people so he went to the Khadija instead of going to the market straight away ask yes he went to the family other base Khadija I'm giving the responsibility what should I do she will say that yeah I'm for I'm behind you go and do whatever you want to do and I'm next to you and then he went to the family family Abu Talib and Ali and all those so these step by step actions of programmer give us the lesson that no matter one if you are one no matter how hard the mission you are going to keep your sincere people with you definitely if you have trust with the people next to you if you have solid grounds of your mission no matter if you are one or two or three or five you'll be successful so I think my boss is actually the start of Islamic teachings yes and those who are muta masjid with from the first day they stayed with the message to the last day those who left profit in the middle way of course they were not with the message on the first day as well those who say yes profit we do believe your profit but Quran says some of them there was those who said yes we do believe you are pro prophet Muhammad but Quran said the iman has no enter in their hearts because they are monotheistic yes so we have to build both kind of people the moment in the monotheistic so this is also a message that no matter how successful a person can be you cannot be a prophet I cannot be a prophet yes you cannot be as high as profit was I cannot be if he being a Muhammad being a prophet being the king of universe could be surrounded with a moment in monotheistic of course every person can be so don't give up even if surrounded by the by the monotheistic I mean and that's one of the key things that really solves the problems that we have today the majority of the youth the majority of you know every single person whether you're all the young they're hesitant to give back to the community there hasn't even helped the community they're hesitant to think positively because of their peers that pure pressure them into doing certain things prophet Muhammad came out there by himself and as you mentioned began with the people close to him that gives us this is number one that gives us a message that really change comes from within yourself and then you can change the community it doesn't change as it come it go inwards it goes outwards because from you and then it goes out chair to your wife your son Abu Talib just like what the prophet did I mean yeah and sorry if you want to comment on that I'm gonna have a second point yeah I just want to mention something it's not a comment but it's just worth to mention something because today's world is changing every day we get new new things coming up with the people the youth so many of our brothers and sisters living in the West I live in London I know I go to Europe I know what what people doing and going through these days so many of our young brothers they are having some fears of keeping a beard the Sharia Islamic beard for a few years after this something else will come up yeah and similarly some of our sisters because they go to universities or college they go to work they think that if we start where he job and we are buying all that our friends our circle they will they will not like it they'll make fun of it let them do it the people do not leave profit they made fun of him they even called him Allah the billah he was he was much noon they called him power they called him all sort of name he didn't give up so even if you are going to college university you're very good job and you think that your colleagues are going to make fun of you let them do it stay firm cheer well and believe me if a person is strong enough with their grounds and their beliefs those people who they're making fun today tomorrow they'll come to you he will change their hearts of course and that's what the prophet did he showed him they showed them what his heart how pure his heart is and his pure intentions they had to submit to him they had to submit to whatever he was saying the second thing that the prophet brought Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala was trying to tell the prophet tell us what's a lot of people say read read I read okay but there's a message behind that really I say that you know numerous of times a lot of times I think the purpose behind that and I read it in the Majlis he's a behalf of war and he touches upon that a little bit where he says the word basically the word shows how important education is as if you come to a nation an ignorant nation you don't come to them in wars in bribery you'll come to them in lies jokes and you know these things that society's filled mashallah with today you know you come to them with education you educate them to become better individuals I think that's why the word that was revealed the first word first word divine and prophet word this is the first word go and read go and study go and get yourself educated and professor mentioned I'm a little I'm a little girl no he didn't he say I'm the other I am the city of knowledge why so you if you want to be a real follower of me get educated and I must say that today we some of our brothers and sisters including myself we feel very proud having for example iPhone 7 we are having something I have an iPhone 6 you have a 6 yeah some people have iPhone 7 some have a 6 8 or whatever the new gadgets they are they feel very proud they take selfies okay a person who created a manufactured iPhone 7 he actually is the ruler of the world he made one device and make everyone go to his door and to buy and hurry with education this is not a point of to be proud that I have this latest device the real person who deserve the pride is a one who invented it we we are very good composer type or we can go very good composing on the Internet we can do all sort of this we can play with all these sort of gadgets we shouldn't be proud on this that we know how to do it the person who should be proud the one we invented it we ride Ferrari probably you you ride I don't really own one yeah but and for example if you drive a Ferrari and you say yeah I have Ferrari and I bought it for a million dollars there's nothing proud of the real person who should be proud of the one who made Ferrari and made you give him money so you can get his product that makes sense yeah so why does make sense yeah so how did he do it with education you had you know in the education you could be a good industrialist maybe by accident but you cannot be a good inventor by accident you have to have some education Islam is not invention Islam is a religion but Allah does not Islam does not restrict men or women from getting the education yes everyone whether you are a woman or you must Fariza Fariza you must go and you get yourself and this is the only reason that you can be a real follower and ignore it cannot be a follower of profit at ignore it and I'm the city of knowledge and ignore it cannot live in a city where the title of the knowledge is yes so similarly as you cannot live in Karbala as far as he's easy he cannot live in Karbala you say a child cannot be a follower of hopefully we can continue this by another occasion thank you very much for joining us tonight respective viewers thank you very much for tuning in tonight hopefully we can continue this and another occasion they're cutting me off they're telling me this and this but we'll continue this inshallah another occasion thank you very much


Metal nanoparticles, N-piece, specifically silver and gold N-piece, have shown promising results in various medical and industrial applications due to their unique physical chemical properties. They have potential as effective anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents, drug delivery systems, and imaging agents for diagnosing and treating a variety of disorders. Over 30 clinical investigations have assessed their biocompatibility and safety in administering either silver or gold N-piece in conditions ranging from nosocomial infections to different types of cancers. The present review highlights the potential of silver and gold N-piece as innovative and effective therapeutics in biomedicine, citing some of their most relevant current applications. This article was authored by Ana Flavia Berlek, Andrea Corsiova, Monica Boeve, and others.


Can I guy change his perspective on marriage at some point in the relationship? He says, if you live each other, why should we get married? Yeah, so there's two things. Yes, a man can change his opinion about getting married. One, that's one. We have a woman who's our coach, her name is Celine, and she actually got into a relationship with a guy who originally didn't want to get married and eventually decided that he wanted to get married because Celine is so amazing and he felt so amazing around her that he felt inspired to marry her and give her a gift of him saying that he wants to be with her forever officially by marrying her. And so absolutely men can change their mind on getting married at some point. And two, if you live with each other, why should you get married? Exactly, that's the next point that I wanted to bring up, which is if you really want to get married and it's something that you need and that you want and you live together, you should consider moving out and you should consider getting out of the relationship if he's not willing to give you what it is that you want to have because marriage for a lot of people is more than just like, oh, we're going to be living together now that we're married, right? And for a lot of women, it's like, you know, it's a symbol. It's a symbolism of two people doing more than just even committing themselves to each other for life. It's a symbol of kind of a bond between two people becoming one instead of two people being separate from each other. And so if marriage is something that you absolutely want, one, I would consider moving out because exactly what he's saying, he's getting all of his needs met if you're living together and, you know, you're not getting your needs met, which is that you want to get married.  Otherwise, it's something that you need to be willing to walk away from if he's not willing to do it. If the relationship that you want to have is the most important thing. And yeah, a lot of guys end up, like if he finds out that you're serious about it, a lot of guys are like, wait a second. If it's that important to you, I will give that to you as a gift because you're that important to me. And if a guy is really serious about you and he really cares about you, then he'll do that for you because he loves you and he wants you to be happy and to be fulfilled and satisfied in the relationship that you have.


Yn ymddych chi'n ddweud, mae'r clwrs yn ymddych chi'n ddysgolol, ddydd y ddysgol, ddydigolol a ddysgol ar gwrth gwrth gwrth. Aeth y gweithio'r gweithio ar y gweithio ar y gweithio o'r llwythau yn y ddysgol. Mae'n meddwl i'r gweithio'r lathau o'r lef, oherwydd mae'n meddwl i'r clwrs, wrth gwrs mynd i'r llwythu meddwl i'r cwrs. Ie ddim yn gweld o'r cyfnodd yw bir ydych chi i fynd i chi'n gwybod eu byddai i'r hefyd yn y gallu bwysig. Ie, mae'r Tybs. Mae fydd y dyfodd i gael coding yn myf wahanol ddifŏ. Felly, y gwaith ywer o'r ffordd, mae'r dyfodd i gael rhiwm yn gweithio i'r dyfodd i'r bobl. Felly, y gallai eu cydweithio ar hyn ychydig oherwydd, oedd anodd wedi'i wneud ychydig yn ei wneud mewn gwhodol, Dwi'n dweud yw rydyn ni'n meddwl am gweithiaeth'n casgu i'r ddysgu a phasio, dwi'n sgrifennu i allaf i ddechrau. Rwyf yn cyfnod i'r gymryd hyn gyfrannu, ac mae'r cyfrannu i'r ddechrau i ddechrau yn buidlant o'r llai o bobl yng Ngysud Rhifmen, pan mae'r llai phanodau llai llifaf mwy o'r maeth ac sy'n ceisio fe wneud y bydd y cyfrannu hon! Mae'r llai llai llai llai llai llifaf, croes, cafgar, cysandrau, bwysinnon, y dylai'r ysgolnig a gael i chi weithio, mae'n grwp y ffeirio'r ysgolwch. Saeth yn iawn ei obon fel gorfod yw mae'n'n debyg llyfr逮d ers eu cyfrigiau a'i lle'i collad i gael eu cyfrigiau, a gennym i'r cyfrigiau a'u lle neu'r cyfrigiau, ac yna'r hyn i'w mwynhaeth a fydd yn bach yn eu wneud. Ac mae'n ddweud yw'n ddiwedd yn cael ei gael eich cyfrigiau, ac mae'n golygu i'w cael eu mwyawr. I'm not going to use fish and chips as an excuse to do a very simple simulation of a shop. I started with a simple model, gradually making it a little bit more complicated. The demo code is all available online and there are some ideas for things you can do to extend the demos. I'm not going to run live demos today. I don't never trust Wi-Fi. So I'll be swapping between my slides and recordings. I apologise for that. The source code for the demos is all in Python. The source code is entirely independent of Ivan. It all works with open source packages. For running and setting up the source code, for running and setting up Kafka and so on, of course, I work for a company that does this, so I use Ivan stuff to do that. The explanations of how to run the demos also does the same. For that I apologise, but you don't have to use our platform to use Kafka. You can use anyone's Kafka for this purpose. I've been in the industry for a good long time. I started out working with transfer formats where you would send a file, possibly on magnetic tape, to someone as the way you transfer data, but relatively soon we got into sending messages. Some of the things I cared about in my career are sending messages between components on set.boxes, so perhaps between the audio and video and the actual program information areas. Configuration between microservices. Again, that could be on any computer. Moving stuff to and from Internet of Things devices.  You might be sending firmware upgrades back to them. Between components on a set.boxes, you probably want to be using something lightweight like 0MQ. I was once involved in writing an inter-process messaging system called K-Bus, which was a kernel module. Between microservices, you probably should be using some sort of state machine-related thing to manage what state you're in. But when you're talking about moving lots of messages at scale reliably over the Internet, Kafka's a really good fit. This is where it begins to be interesting to me. Traditionally, one might have been using something like RabbitMQ. RabbitMQ is a wonderful product, but it's a right pain to set up. You get a variety of problems like back pressure and things, but you really don't want to have to think about it. If you don't know what back pressure is, ask me for stories afterwards. What I want from messaging is I want to have multiple producers of messages, so this might be the IoT devices sending messages back home. I want multiple consumers because if you've got tons of messages, it doesn't scale to just have one node consuming them. I'd like a good attempt at single delivery. We work with real physics. Single delivery can't be guaranteed, but I'd like a reasonable promise of it. Similarly, with guaranteed delivery, I don't want to be losing messages at a reasonable level. I'd like to know that if some component in the whole network crashes, everything is resumable without me having to do any great amount of work. In particular on set-down boxes, this is a whole nightmare. As I said, I don't want back pressure handling. I don't want the queue I'm writing to to fill up. I've got to wait before I can send another message. This is where ApacheCaft comes in. It was originally designed by LinkedIn to handle the tons of messages that you get when you are doing a distributed system that's talking with people about people information. There's a paper about how messages and logs, moving events and static data in databases are the inverse of each other. They're two different views of the same world. When I read that paper, my mind was exploded. When I got the ability to play with Kafka, I thought that was great fun. Some terminology. Kafka has messages, they're events, so they're reporting that something has happened. Producers send messages and consumers read them. You can have multiple producers. You can have multiple consumers. They are independent. They're not tied together in any way. A producer sends messages to one or more topics, and those are named. They have an ASCII string name. And a consumer reads from one or more topics. It says which topics it wants to read from. Internally, to Kafka itself, we have partitions which are used to spread the load within a topic. We'll get to that briefly later. This is a very simple diagram. We have producers sending to a topic in Kafka, which is in the cloud, and we have a consumer. So here we've got a producer producing events, one, two, three, four, and it sends those to Kafka, and the topic holds events one, two, three, four in the same order, and the consumer will read them out, one, two, three, four in the same order. So we've got order preservation, which is also important to me. If we have multiple producers, one is sending one, two, three, the other is sending BCD, which is interleaved in the topic, but they will still retain their ordering. The consumers, both consumers here are independent, so they will read those in the order there in the category in the topic, but they will read them independently and the order will be maintained. Sometimes that's not what you want. Sometimes you want your consumers to share the reading. So here we've got two topics, one with one, two, three, and one with BCD in it. The producers can choose how the data goes there. You can choose which topic by hand, say I want topic one, two, three, or you can say here is a key choose by the key which topic could go to. The consumers at the top right are in the same consumer group. They said we want to share consuming the topics. Each consumer will get one or more topics, but they won't both see the same topics. So one of them is seeing one, two, three, and the other is seeing BCD. The bottom consumer is not in a consumer group. It's entirely independent. It's like the previous consumers, it's just in all the messages in order. So we're going to model a fish and chip shop. I have a colleague who talks about Catherine in terms of pizza restaurants, but he's from Italy, so that's natural. I come from the UK, our food is greasier, so we'll start with a fish and chip shop. It's not going to be a very realistic model, but it's going to be nice and simple. We're going to start with a shop that handles cod and chips, which are always ready to be served, so I probably should explain some words. So cod, which I just mentioned, is the traditional white fish that's served in English fish and chip shops.  Apparently this is actually not as unhealthy as it sounds. Chips, if you're not familiar with English chips, think about french fries but kind of fatter and soggyer. Place, which we'll come to later, is another fish, but it's a flat fish. And I tend to say till when perhaps I should say cash register, I think till is a more American term, but it's what I tend to say. So notionally, we're serving a customer. The customer comes in, you can see the customer at the left, they go to the till, they place their order, the order gets sent by some means to the person who prepares the food. I'm afraid I'm stuck with preparer or food preparer. I could use server, which would be more natural, but then we're in a cloud infrastructure that would get really confusing when the server talks to the server and find out what they should serve. The food preparer gathers the food out of the hot cabinet in the middle of the fish and ship shop, wraps it up traditionally in paper, would originally have been newspaper, but that's not very sanitary. Gives it to the customer.  Behind that there are the servers, behind them there is a hot cabinet and on the top there's glass panes with heated compartments in which the fish that has already been prepared is sitting and below that there are baskets in which the chips that have already been cooked are sitting. So this is fast food. Behind that there's someone who cooks stuff and puts it in the hot cabinet so there's a nice separation of concerns there as well. Now I'm not going to mention the customer again. The customer for our simulation is essentially redundant, we're not going to mention those on the diagrams again. It's basically got a till, the order gets sent through Kafka and the food preparer handles it. We'll assume the customer stuff is instantaneous. So how do we represent an order? Well, we probably want to count Wilkin, he's Jason. So we probably should have an order number so we can count how many orders we've had in the day. That's going to be nice and that keeps the order separate. Traditionally you'd get to be given a little slip of paper with a number on it and that's your order so you don't have to give your name or anything. And then the components of the order is the person here has ordered one portion of cod and chips, that's very traditional. The other thing is that you can order just chips or you might order a large portion of chips. For simplicity I'm representing a large portion of chips as chips twice. I'm not saying that that actually works in terms of scale but it's for simplicity. So now we have the first demo. So I'm using a program that does a terminal user interface for the demos and I now need to do the very clumsily switching screens. So apologise for that. We want demo one. So on the left here we have a till and on the right we have a food preparers. The left is a producer who's printing out their producing and on the right you can see the food preparer receiving it. So what's actually happening is the food preparer is receiving the message and then it waits for a tiny moment and then it converts the message to a ready in it so that's to simulate handing it to the customer. And you can see it's nice and simple. Stuff goes in, stuff goes out. It's a queue. This is the most awkward bit of the thing but because I'm using PDF for my slides I can't embed video. So the libraries we're using for this I'm using AIO Kafka which is a lovely Python library to talk to Kafka. It's asynchronous, it doesn't have to be but it's got beautiful asynchronous support. To set up the topics I'm using Kafka Python which is an older, nonsynchronous Python library that isn't actually particularly maintained. It hasn't been touched for some years. It still works but as Kafka support moves on it will lag behind the times. I will hopefully at some point be able to use other means to manage my topics which is all I'm using that for. To create the Tumblr UI I'm using a lovely package called Textual which is based on a thing called Rich which is going to investigate those separately. They're wonderful. It's a lot easier than spinning up a web service and then having to manage those in a demo. So to actually create our stuff we need an SSL context we need to authorise ourselves to Kafka so we download various certificates and we create a context. There's a nice helper in AIO Kafka to create a context and then we can pass that to our producer and consumer. So here's our asynchronous producer we specify where our server is I don't know why it's called... bootstrap server because Kafka is multi-node so the bootstrap server I'm guessing is the node you talk to first or something like that. So we have to specify host and port. We say we're using SSL, there are other options we pass that context and remember we're using JSON Kafka moves bytes around it only understand bytes so we need to say we want to serialise JSON and shove it in out as ASCII and then we'll wait our producer to say it started and then we have a nice simple loop on while the shop is open or some other boolean where we await sending things to the orders topic. In the demos the topics have different names but I've kept them simple for here. To receive stuff it's very similar, the consumer has much the same arguments the differences are we say the topic we want to listen to at the beginning so that's orders, at the end instead of having a serialiser we have a deserialiser. If you don't understand Lambda just ignore that for the moment there's a posh way of getting your change of data in there. We wait for the consumer to start and then we can do an async for loop and that will just keep giving us messages as they come in which is really nice. Traditionally with Kafka stuff you don't ever think much about stopping because why would you stop? Use other techniques for deciding to stop. So we get busier, we have more customers how do we cut with that? Traditionally you would add more tills we've got producers so now we're going to add three producers and we'll add three topics because then we can say each till we'll send to a separate topic the food preparer is still reading from all of them so it will get things interleaved nicely so let's add a till to the Jason from before so we can give a record of which till it's coming from this isn't particularly useful to our food preparer but we'll see later we might be doing auditing and things later on so at all to the code in the demo that you look at you'll see there is code for creating topics we just need to say that we want three partitions and that will give us three partitions and then we create three producers three instances of the producer instead of one so this is a demo for for that so on the left we'll see we've got three producers now three tills and on the right is one food preparer and you will probably spot the problem quite quickly if you look at the bottom we're up to 30, 16, 19 the food preparer is still working on board of 15 they can't keep up we've been very cruel to our person working behind the counter we're over stressing them so let's not do that instead we need multiple consumers so let's add one more food preparer and see what happens so at all to the code first of all we just create two food preparers however we want them to be the same consumer group if you remember earlier if you want them to share the messages we need to have a consumer group and all we do is when we're creating the CAF consumer we make sure that both of them specify the group idea as the same consumer group and that's just a name here it's a constant now in practice if I run the demo more than once there's a chance I might have left over things from the previous demo when I hit quit in the queue and I'm not interested in those this is not the sort of thing you'd run into a shop because at the end of the day you shut things down and start again the next day there's various solutions for this CAFca lets you say where you want your consumer to start from in a variety of ways one of which is you can say seek to the end of the queue so start at the end of the queue similarly we were sending to different partitions as I said earlier I can actually specify which partition I want it to go to that's the bottom option I'm saying partition till number one I can specify a key out of the value field so I could specify that's the middle option that I want it to use till as the key and hash it and decide which partition and the top option is let CAFca decide how to split messages between the partitions that's changed over the years as to what that means that's not the solely about solution because I've got a very simple model my model is choosing the till maps to the partition directly I've only got three so we now do a demo with our new extra preparer so we've got stills, we've got three tills on the left now because of the way I've set things up here it takes a little while for everyone to sort out so I have them all wait until they're all ready but now we see that actually two food preparers is just about enough to set things up which is good because that saves me hiring another person and there's only so much room in that space between the counter and the food cabinet as I said you can play with these at home later if you want the demos are available now like all good things it's traditional to if you go to the code I've got for setting things up it's all done with command line stuff but as is traditional we have a web console for setting things up you can see you can see if you look at the logo it says nodes 3 that's saying how many nodes there are actually so being used for Kafka Kafka believes in redundancy so you would not normally run Kafka with fewer than three nodes that all have the same data share between them for reproducibility and you can see there this is giving me the URI I use to connect to Kafka and so on and so forth you'd expect to do introspection for anything you're doing if you're doing things like Kafka you will have web pages that show you information about them you'll set them up yourself if you can't find them out in the box so here we can see the actual names of our partitions of the topics I'm using for these demos and information about what's been happening with them, how many partitions each had so you can see that demo 3 for cotton chips has three partitions and they have one here is a bar chart showing that of those three partitions they've actually had the messages distributed between them reasonably reasonably evenly that means my thing that's making our orders and pretending to be customers is visiting the tills reasonably randomly which is good but this would allow you to see this partition is not actually doing anything what's gone wrong and here you can see this again is showing the consumer groups that demo 3 is using this is the sort of thing you'd normally set up when you're setting up your instrumentation anyway and we have lots of metrics for this is CPU usage which is not sure how useful that is to know but you can also find all the other standard things out any system or any complexity you'll want to be setting up monitoring because otherwise you have no idea what's going on and when something does go wrong that would lead you to where the cause might be so I like place now there are two reasons I order a place at fish and ship shops one is I really like place it's sweeter for earth fish the other is place is not normally sold often enough for it to be sitting in the hot cabinet so your place is freshly cooked makes me feel special so we need someone to cook we need to simulate the cook back to the very simple model where we've got one till, one food preparer just for simplicity but now we're going to introduce a cook so the idea is that when the food preparer gets an order with place in it they can't make it up immediately so they tell the cook using the cook topic there in the cloud to prepare the food, the cook cooks it and then they send it back into the order queue into the order topic again because it's now ready for the food preparer to give to the customer so there's a little loop there we aren't going to try and stimulate cooking or anything at this stage so here's an order that's got place in it the third entry there is place in chips our model works but actually I want a ready flag to say is this order ready to be given to the customer so in the code the food preparer so that's the person who got the order that's come from the till a method called is all order available so they take the order and if there's not a ready flag already in the order they're going to put one in there if if you get all the items in the thing using ittotools.chain if you don't know the ittotools module go and look it up, there's some fun things in there and then they say we'll set order ready it's their place not in the order if there's not place in the order the order is already we can get it out of the hot cabinet if there is place we're going to need to send it to the cook it's not ready although they return whether the order is ready or not so we've mutated the order bad thing to do in general but we've also returned the value of the ready flag the convenience so then in the second bit of code there it finds out whether the order is available and then it sends it to the cook topic and so it's sending it to the cook topic with the flag ready set to false we have a new cook who is a consumer and a producer so they consume from the cook topic they wait a bit to pretend to cook the thing that's the async.io.sleep and then they mark the order as ready which says I've cooked it it's ready to be served and then they send it back to the order's topic so now this came into the cook with the ready flag set false and they've sent it back to the order's topic with the flag set true and remember the consumer looks to see if the flag's there the food preparer so this is a demo of of that I'm afraid this is one of the places where staring at the code by yourself later is often easier to understand what I was just on about somewhere in here is a demo 3 yeah so we're back to I don't want demo 3 I want demo 4. My apologies this is why I couldn't find demo 3 because demo 4 was next up so we're back to a food preparer a till at the top left food preparer at the top right nothing at the bottom left it's just there to make the screen a nice size and the cook at the bottom so orders coming in that are ready have a tick mark and you'll see that occasionally something comes with the code and chips it then gets sent to the cook recieves it when it's ready it says order available and it goes back to the food preparer so what you see on the food preparer is things come in with that and then some of them come out of sequence so we got lots going on there but it's only the orders we're placing that have to go to the cook that's the last demo so I can stop playing with the cursor now so so far we've looked at modelling the order in serving of card and chips we've looked at having multiple producers and consumers and we've had a very simple order for how we do place so that's all the demos I'm doing now I've now got two homeworks for you if you want to go and play with the demo code and extend it so the first one is we should simulate that bit in the middle where the hot food is and the fact that the cook is doing stuff so obviously we would use a reddish cache for that because reddish is one of my favourite things postgres, squalite, reddish and kafker four of my favourite things so we'd create a reddish key store with entries of the hot cabinet so we'd have a key for cod and how many portions are ready a key for chip and how many portions are ready and a key for place that would initially start at nought all of them are nought, the cooks and stuff puts some cod and chips in so the preparer would compare the order it's just been given to the things in the so the counts in the hot cabinet cache if there's enough, decrement the cache pass the order on it's all done, if not send the order to the cook the cook, well wait a moment to pretend to be cooking stuff and then update the cache so for place they'd add as many places into the cache as we're asked for for cod and chips they'd round up to a reasonable number so that there's a reasonable number of orders there and then they send the order they've just been given back to the order topic and the food preparer would use that so the food preparer would say now I can make it up because I've got the order again I don't remember having it before but I've got the order now and now I can make it up so this would be a really quite simple model that just brings using Redis as well and I think would be quite fun to do I haven't written the code for this yet I've ran out of time homework 2 is perhaps more interesting with keeping how many orders we have because we've got an order number we're keeping which till things came from we obviously somewhere have a price list all this stuff is natural to put into a database so we can do analysis at the end of the day we can figure out how many ingredients we're consuming, how much do we need to buy how are we performing are we making a profit we need to put information into a database so one way to do that would be to create another consumer that writes to for instance Postgres we know how to do that but that means that my python client the one doing that little demo for us is now busy writing to Postgres as well and that doesn't scale if we actually had a truly mega efficient shit warehouse that wouldn't scale so the answer is we can do that back in the cloud there's a technology called Kafka Connect which allows you to create Kafka connectors that will talk to databases for you and you can either read from a database or other technology into Kafka or you can have a sync which goes from Kafka to the thing so I would do it by creating a database I'd use, I'd make sure the Kafka service had this technology enabled and then I'd set up a sync connector to send events to Postgres I have actually already written this code actually in two different ways and that's available in the GitHub repository and it's fun you can do it as well separately so finally we've done all the things done before but we've also talked briefly about modelling the hot cabinet which you can try later I will probably add a demo for that as well and we talked briefly about using Kafka Connect to share data all of these products have registered trademarks associated with them which I wish to acknowledge because they're nice people if you do want to use Ivan you can get an extra amount of credit for using Kafka there you get a month and $400 worth of credit that means you can actually pay with Kafka without having to set it up on your laptop we are hiring the QR code will take you to the GitHub repository thank you very much


se vseč izgleda. To je zelo inštačne napravlje, ker je videl, da je to, ki se vseč zelo, da je to, vseč je vseč vseč prišel, da je vseč tukaj, tukaj, tukaj, fri, tukaj, saturno, tukaj je zelo slim, zelo zelo zelo. Vseč In nič sem. Priživite za recente razlihov, kar kješte božete, kaj trebujte, drugo v 5, 6 razlih, prišliš, da se njenim zelo, je nekaj tega aktivitave tudi, nekaj se, na srnjaju.  Sdaj je skrani srog, d сокratnjo trafikta ljudje. Pola na razvej. In juz blješiem povihljanje, 7, danes saturdej in saturdej are really marginal. There is an unexplained peak here of a saturdej activity in 2021, it could very well be the automation peak that we've seen earlier. Ok. Of course, when I call Drupal a professional project, I see Drupal.org users are professional, not the final users, because people writing on the issue queue are those who are here at the Drupal con not just the final users of the clients. Let's move into chart 5, which still gives some interesting insight, and it is the issue created by hour of the UTC. So, London time zone approximately. Again, starting in 2002 and 2021. There is a year where you notice it best, which is probably, again, the ones with many issues here. Here you see that there is very, very low activity in general, but still there is activity in the first hours of the day, like until, say, 6 p.m., 6 a.m., London time. Then it increases a bit, this is Europe waking up at working hours. And then, starting here, which is 2 p.m. in Europe and U.S. working hours, you start seeing many, many more contributions. So, it is well aligned from a certain point onwards to the U.S. working schedule until, say, 10 p.m. European time and end of business U.S. time, and then it becomes low again in the European night. So, what can we infer about the community by this chart? Well, first issues appear around the clock, so this is a truly worldwide community. And there are people working on ruble.org at any hours of the day. But, especially after 2010, U.S. working hours are dominant. And so, technical users seem to be located mostly in the U.S., rather than Europe, or still work on U.S. working schedule. So, final insights that we can take home from this when analysis. Drupal has a professional user base dominated by companies mostly that follow a typical Monday to Friday schedule. And the number of yearly issues has been shrinking in the last 10 or so years. This is not necessarily bad. And as we have discussed, December is low activity, Saturday is Sunday low activity, but Sunday was one of the most active days in the early years. This is the one part. Let's move to the where. Where do I file an issue? What can we get by analyzing issue classifications? Third one, let's see issues by category here. Again, left is 20 years ago, right is more or less now. And these are bugs. These are normalized, so it adds up to 100, actually 1000 every year. So, what you find here is the yearly composition of issues for that year. So, if you see it here at about 500, it means that 50% of those issues were in this category. And this category is bugs. You see bugs that are gradually shrinking from being around 60% to being around 35% in recent years. These category are tasks. And I see it as a very good thing, like you start out at around 10%, but then now about 35% are tasks. So, we have the same amount of bugs and tasks on Drupal.org in recent issue creations. And this is a symptom of a well-organized community, where you don't only put bugs there, but also stuff that you are actually going to work on, and it is open and transparent. Here, you have feature requests, which are, as you see, more or less the same in percentage of the years and about 15% to 20% in all recent years. And the most interesting part is probably support requests. You have only a few support requests at the beginning, as people working on the issues are those actually writing the modules, so they don't need support. And then users come, and you see that support reaches at 30% in 2008, 9, 10. It is around 30%, then gradually it starts decreasing. Not because people do not need Drupal support, but because they try to find answers elsewhere. This is a rather obvious interpretation probably. So they move elsewhere, they ask, stack overflow or any popular sites, and find their answers there. This also explains the decrease, partly the decrease we've seen. Then there are plans that were consistently at around 2% of the issues. Chart 2 is directly here, and it is a multi-step chart where we see where the issues were filed by project over the years. We start 20 years ago, and almost all of them are filed in core and a few famous modules, and a few projects are not appearing by name since they have been unpublished in the meantime. And this is 20 years ago. 15 years ago, we are taking steps of 5 years here. Other projects, most notably views, organic groups, CCK are entering the top 10 in terms of new issues for that specific year. Drupal's popularity is starting to depend on modules. You see here they are getting larger, so core is staying the same, and the other ones are getting larger, so this means they are more frequent. If you go other 5 years in history and reach 2012, we see core still shrinking with respect to the previous analysis, like now views, views Drupal 7, which has its own separate project, is almost as frequent as core itself. The security advisory coverage appears, and other modules are starting to make their appearance. Forward 5 years again, 2017. We have distributions appearing, like OpenSocial and VARBase, that are starting to appear in the top 10. Webform and commerce become very frequent, too, and views and other popular modules and their new issues are now in core because this is after the Drupal 8 release in 2015. Let's see today. Today we have a lot of new projects appearing in the top 10. Automatic updates, project browser, cloud, ECA, block class. They are all new with respect to the 2017 snapshot, and again, this is the future of Drupal. The activity is right now on the Drupal.org issue queues, so they are the most active by one of the many measures of active issues that project that you can find on Drupal.org. So, insight from where. The categories evolve to include not only bug reports and future requests, but tasks and shared plans, and this is good because it means Drupal is taking public commitments. Everything is there for everybody to see. Support requests gradually found their place outside the issue queue, as we discussed, and core is still very frequent, and with the inclusion of views and the rest is, of course, much more frequent now, but contrib modules still have a very significant number of issues. Next, who? Like, who is authoring these issues, and what can we infer from data about issue authors? Well, this is the first chart with issue authors all time. This is the number of issues that the font size is proportional to the number of issues created in overall the all time, the 20 years of Drupal. So, these are the top 20 issue authors in the overall project history. You will find some well-known module and core developers here, but you will also find some community-focused people who are not immediately recognizable as the author of a certain module and still appear here. If you want to see it over time, it may be easier to understand. Let's show it. OK, here you will see them appearing gradually, year over year. So, just to say that not all of them have been around for a lot of time, and actually here you see month by month the issue they created in the issue queue. And you will see people that are still joining right now and when, OK, now we are around the Drupal seven times and start contributing now and we will quickly escalate to the top of this list. So, this is our top 20 issue submitters in the overall history of the project. We are now about six years ago, and you will see some spectacular, OK, here rays of some users who are going up and up and up and up and up in the issue queue. And besides the fun of just watching it, this is the stable situation as of the end of 21, we can infer really something from this. First, just making your way in the Drupal.org issue queue is absolutely feasible. We've seen here people just jumping in and start creating and creating and creating issues. Both are excluded here, of course, until reaching the top position. Second, there is no real dominance by a few individuals or a specific company. This is very good for the project sustainability and community, of course. And, yeah, you will see people who joined as late as six years ago, it's not late, of course, it's people who have been around for quite a while, but they managed to do the top 20 list of 20 years. And there is a nice turnover in top position. You've seen a lot of people going up and down in the top positions, which means the community can manage change successfully. So the final insights on the who part. There are people who open thousands of issues with an average of more than one per day over many years that requires consistency and we are talking about opening an issue, not just a generic action like mentioning someone in comment or doing just a small contribution, but creating real issues. And evolution in taking the lead shows that the community is able to empower newcomers and not blocking them, and there is no domination again by a few individuals or any single company. And let's go to the final part, the what to be meant in a surprise, the sense like what. Audities and gems you found over the issues. So the top three highly discussed issues. Okay, this one is kind of fake since it was meant to give credit to a huge amount of people involved in the multilingual initiative. So basically most of these comments are just credits just to add someone to the issue. So I would exclude this one as there is no real discussion here. And but it has more than 1000 comments. We are including both excluding files or patches. So these are just the comments here. This one is the mostly debated issue allowing profiles to define a base and parent profile. It reached 626 real comments plus patches. And it has a follow up since it had become unsustainable to have it as a Drupal.org issue. So this is one that really grew large because many people were having their say. And the next largest is field translation for field collection with a hefty number of comments again and real comments from real people. Here you can really see debate going on in issues. And just as one extra factoid we have more than 3000 issues that have more than 100 comments that are considerably long to read and check. This includes both again but excludes patches and files. Other interesting stuff all these issues still open. OK, they are this one from June 2003 which advocates not calling it a bug but a problem in our site and terminology changes in general in the Drupal.org site. One from October 2003 to expose the RSS feed in Drupal.org own site feed in a different way. And the real one about contrib is from October 2003 of course related to an obsolete module that is not maintained any longer and like life happens and like in open source there is a comment in January 2006 saying I agree this is already partially implemented not completely done yet but definitely on its way. OK, we can still wait, it was for Drupal 7 so we still have one year of useful time before Drupal 7 is officially dismissed so they could still be in time and again if you go on you will find this kind of stuff. There is also a first inclusivity related issue and it was created in April 2002 and related to terminology for not so fluent English speakers so someone who asked and obtained that Baylon errors should be changed into something easier to understand for non-native English speakers so this is the first time and it was more than 20 years ago that Drupal.org really paid attention to community members and they write not to be native speakers or whatever. And then there is the king of all outliers which is this issue that you will find here. It is a joke issue for a joke module named Vaporware and the first person who entered this room is John who is here and is actually the author of Vaporware so we already had an exchange about that it depends on the bed judgment module of course and it was created in a fake way in 97 but in reality probably around 2011 and it is breaking all starts about issues so if you look at my Python code you will always see me excluding removing 97, remove 97, remove 97 and otherwise you would have seen funny stuff everywhere and still I appreciated it because there is a lot of humor in the Vaporware module that constantly promises this will be fixed in the next release so I assume John will fix the date in the next release of Vaporware for sure. And here we are for the talk itself final insights there are data stories written in the Drupal.org issues and through the Drupal.org API you can get all data needed to get insights on the project community composition, key people and have fun while at it because I would never have seen this gem unless I had tried this analysis technically this is a good display of how Drupal can be a data friendly platform for any kind of big sites so not necessarily Drupal.org itself any site, any data intensive site Further work is surely possible like studying interaction patterns one thing that comes to my mind is indeed looking at what happens in the individual issues and seeing if there are more like one person speaking to themselves and this happened in a few that I could analyze like you open the issue, you provide the patch then you re-roll the patch five times then you put a comment and you are a it's a solo issue as I called it just you are the only person speaking on that issue and abandon to yourself or others that may have interaction between two people like question-answer-question-answer-question-answer and this kind of patterns this would be possible it would be quite intensive with the current API design because again it is meant for massive downloads but where massive downloads are in the dozens of entities not in the millions of entities like this analysis and that's it thank you for attending and I'll be taking any questions if there are any questions here in the room or online, no questions online any questions in the room no? OK thank you it was actually quite fun to go through the issues and leave this on for so you didn't hack the admin password at least we didn't uncover anything because it was about Microsoft Access 97 and supporting the Office 97 in the vaporware module that supported everything by definition of course in the next release even getting more professional that's still a nice community more in the way of being professional but also there is a feature from lookup.net