Folks call me Beggar Cascadian. This is Hector Valdina. And we're here to talk about, for a second, resurrecting computers with free software. Basically, I'm involved in computer reuse and recycling organization in Portland, Oregon, in the United States. And Hector is involved in some projects in Venezuela. Yeah. So basically, anywhere there are computers, there are obsolete computers. So this means that there are computers sitting in closets in basements, in places where they're just going to waste. There are a lot of people who don't have access to computers. On top of that, there are a lot of toxic compounds in computers. So sometimes, instead of living in computers, they're sitting in their closet for 10 years or something. People just toss it in a landfill, or even worse, it'll end up getting shipped overseas, thrown on a big pile, and burned. This releases mercury, cadmium, all sorts of toxic heavy metals into the atmosphere, or leaks into the water supply. Computers are extremely dangerous pieces of equipment. It's not just computers. It's all products, but computers are obsolete so quickly that it's a pretty chronic problem. So the organization I've worked with and volunteered with is called 3geek.org. And they essentially decide, well, we've got people who don't have computers. We have this big waste problem. Let's push those two problems together and put something that helps everybody out. So the basic just that 3geek does is they take in all the equipment that nobody no longer uses. They teach volunteers how to process it, how to log it, and then rebuild the computers. So we're training people with some computer skills while at the same time, we're getting computers back to volunteers. There's two main programs. And then the other side of that bit is we're using volunteers to break the equipment down into smaller parts. So we break out all the plastics into one bit, all the steel into another. This stuff that's really heavy on copper, a bucket of processors can range anywhere in between $300 and $800 in US currency, depending on various market because of the gold content. So all of these raw materials actually have value. The organization can run. It meets a significant portion of its revenue just from the waste products. And because 3geek is doing all this stuff, we want to document it all. So there's weedee.freegeek.org that documents everything as much as we can get around to documenting about the organization. And ideally, we have everything on there. You could just go there and create your own 3geek wherever you go. We have a specific page geared towards startup organizations is the 3geek startup page. So there are several organizations in the US that have taken what 3geek has done and started their own operations in other places. Most of them don't process nearly the same volume that 3geek and Portland's doing, but we're getting started and you have to start somewhere. So that's pretty much the basic gist of it on 3geek.org. I just want to point out that I was laid off of following the 19th, I'm sorry, 2001. Solaris System Administrator. Solaris was kind of going by the wayside. And I knew that Linux was picking up. I had not had much Linux experience. So I spent my two years volunteering at 3geek starting in May of 2002. And two and a half years later, I was able to put down what I've done on 3geek on my resume. This is all volunteer work. And that is what got me the job I'm currently holding at Intel. If it works for 3geek and the educational volunteer opportunity there, I would not be at Intel most likely. I would not be at this conference right now. I can say that the educational experience at one desk there is quite invaluable. So another thing, we have all this free software, right? Well, what good is free software if you don't have a computer? So the whole process of 3geek enables a lot more people to gain access to the internet, to gain experience developing free software. We have a coding program where it's pretty loosely defined, but we try and teach people how to code, learn skills. We have volunteer system administrators running the organization. And we give out computers to something like 15, I think on average, like 10 to 15 people a week, some of whom this is the first computer, running a slightly modified DevIn install using MomentKDE. There's a lot of talk about moving to Ubuntu. But yeah, and would you like to pick up on what's going on with that setup? Yeah. At first, the software I use is just a program. And I would like to talk about the experience with our computers and free software. And we are working in free software for our most four years. I took the rights and opinions about it. We have a situation in our country because we have many schools within the party of our own computers. In my country, we have a school assistant very like in all the country. But we have many, many schools, schools with animals and cubers. Yes, because I understand cubers, cubers is all the school. But all the bodies within that school is for paid teachers. It's not for another fee, okay? And we have a procedure between four students who suffer a lot from different situations. That is a very, very revolutionary. And in this moment, in Venezuela, we have a decree for use only free software in all administrations. In this moment, it's only in the center of the administration that more labor will be in all of this country. That is very important. And we have in this moment many projects using free software. And we have many persons working in free software. I have a lot about the number. The later I agree. And also, we have one biggest electronic state company in the world. And they find modern computers MGS. I don't understand that. Okay, I don't understand. But every year, the company says we need new computers, make the computers, keep the computers in a small, deep room, and put new computers in all of this country. This is a crazy, but it's the reality. Well, they have many using computers which are very useful for our products. In my city, we ask to Venezuela, that is the company, if we can get our computers in Venezuela, say, don't worry. And in Venezuela, say, take a truck, fill a few computers, and put in my city. All that computers, and they are working in a small school, in public access library, in public internet access hall. Okay? We are working in projects to get truck computers in public access libraries, in public access hall, black cleaning schools, and others. And I have a video produced by the government of Venezuela. In this video, they showed libraries and schools, and those schools and those libraries, we have projects like LTSP, working with all computers, and working with all free software. Maybe more later, I'll put in honor in the section shared for you can see. Now, when we say free computers in Venezuela, we have many or unusual computers, many schools don't have computers. The non-free software is not the same with all the computers. When you can buy computers, you have three computers, and in one year, maybe two years, the non-free software will say to you, do you need a new license? Do you need a new license? Do you need pay me for still using the software? That is a bad idea. And that all computers don't use the non-free software. Free software is the right choice for use of all computers. The free software works in all the computers which you may need also for use. In this moment, we have computer like the 4-HC, and 5-HC, and painting 1 and painting 2, working in the school, working in the library, working in public internet access point. We have that concept in the public internet access point. It's a room with all the computers, with several, like painting 3, painting 4, and all the people can come at the room and the center, and they can browse internet, and work with mini-software, and they don't pay anything. It's a free user. Some signatures for these equations. We have in Venezuela for LTSP, Project Implementation. We are working with LTSP for 3-4 years, and we have in a full party, the Ferrari 2016 in Paracas, it's also in Satti. It's controversial because Satti is a party office, and Satti is very close with the free software movement. Maybe, possibly my friend, can explain the situation more detail, and in this area, they have a cluster with all 4-HC computers, and also Ferrari, in this party. Satti is the so-called patent office. Since 2004, we have been using free software, specifically Devian. We have hosted the first Devian mirror in our country. In 2006, we got together with the trolls. They self-named them as trolls. They are from France and Germany. They are Devian users, and they came to our country to make this a restoration project. We have 40 486 computers, they should be backtrusted, I think, and they made all the arrangements, so we can use them with LTSP and all that stuff. We also made an installation festival that day, and Satti is the only patent office in Latin America that doesn't pay the software need, so it's very controversial. We are actually in the blacklist of Microsoft. We are working with the customer.debt package for LTSP project. That package contains camera modifications, new software for the desktop, and other models. We have some government institutions, like in the United States of America, implementing the solution for schools and community interface access. In the United States of America, in this moment, we are working with operators. It's an institution. I'm working in the United States of America. We are working with corporate movement in our city to get full implementation of LTSP project. And full implementation is for the community. The full implementation is put in our new room, and we have a main cellar, and the people come in our room, and they can use the studio room freely. We are working in Spanish documentation. We are working in Spanish documentation because many people in our city don't have the Spanish language. And we are working in Spanish tutorial, too. And I have a number about the free software model in Venezuela. We have almost three peak disposal rates, with animal use 2,500 persons. We are working with the Debian Day for the years. We have a government, a community, and we are in the community. This movement is working very closely with the government for a new community. And we have a cell application for our country. And we have the sponsors, sponsored by two peak companies. The number one is Pederevesa. Pederevesa used almost two millions of barrels and they are barrels of petroleum all day. Pederevesa is very close in this movement with the Venezuelan free software modeling. Pederevesa is sponsored by many projects. For example, Pederevesa paid me a flight ticket for a road to death form. Pederevesa... YouTube? Okay, two persons. Pederevesa is paid, is sponsored by many, many projects. And another company is the CNA, CNA, and Steve Company. Pederevesa has a project-based free software. And that is very important for the free software of the community in Venezuela. Pederevesa is sponsored by two big companies and it is unconditional. It is unconditional. It is unconditional as well as for the free software model. If we need, for example, they say it's a free software model and we need a new internet accessor. Okay, what do you need? Do you need a 1 megabit, 2 megabit, 3 megabit, 4 megabit? What do you need? And do you need a new computer? Okay, don't worry. The computer is in the office. You can use it, don't worry. But this is all my fault. It's good news. Do you folks have some questions to ask about anything? Anything you'd like us to elaborate on? Yes. How does WN Installer work for you? I've just recently started playing with Sarge WN Installer using pre-seeding and stuff like that. But we do have some customized scripts that just basically map over NFS and R-Sync, the whole file system. But we do have made some installer CDs that install the distribution we use. And it's called... I wrote some wrapper scripts around WN Installer called Simple CDD, or wrappers around WN CDD and more, which basically just takes the WN... It downloads all the files off of a WN mirror, builds a CDD with some pre-seeding, and we've also started experimenting with network-based pre-seeding and stuff. But it's a lot slower to actually install the packages than it is just R-Sync on the file system. So, yeah, and some of these computers, they're getting to be decently fast now. I think the computers are like 7866 MHz that we're giving away. And then we're giving away like 900 MHz to like 1.2 GHz to a few nonprofits. But that's more like 10 to 20 a month. But yeah, it floors me how fast our spec is going up. When I started working there in 2003, we were still using P1, like 1.66. I remember that. So just in a couple of years, I got to work in it. But yeah, I don't know. Have you used it? Yeah, we are working in WN Installer. I try to work in WN Installer for the day-to-day. But I don't have a leader-level goal. But because in Venezuela, one project is a unit, it's a cooperative institution. We have a WN Installer with all the NUs in Spanish, with all the communication in Spanish, and with Link for another project like that. Thank you. I think we're very interested to have some kind of link to your sensitivity and your damage to all the big pages. So if we would like to add that. Thank you. You're welcome. A question I have for people is, do you know of organizations in your local area, or are you interested in starting one at all? Anybody? Have you heard of anything? I've been to the UK. There are some depressing things that go on. Because funding is available, it's easy for schools to get funding for their computers. So they don't have the pressure to put the efforts into looking at whether it's going to work with Linux instead. The other thing I found out recently is that if you have a site license to go to school in the UK for Microsoft's Windows and the Office suite, it's about a hundred pounds of lawsuit. That's irregardless of that. That's regardless of whether you're actually running on, that's for any machine that's more than twenty one hundred class. Regardless of whether it's got a single byte of Windows on it and pay a hundred dollars per seat. So I'd go to school with a hundred pounds per seat. So I'd go to school with 14 computers that I'm coming from, and it's out of the bank that I'm doing the way for. And it's very custom about, I've worked there, I've forgotten that way, and this sounds too big, but I think it might be like thirty-five grams. No, that's a kind of way. It's very hard for the government, the customers are going to need it. That's it. That is fact up. And the rate goal is that you have to get the schools to deploy where they have off their computers on Linux before it comes to getting the software and getting the other off their Windows. So they just had a contract that we'd pay this much for every seat. Yeah. I know in the U.S. Microsoft tried to like mandatory enforce that on schools, and the schools just revolted. And it's like, you know, this is the kind of the policy for it. Right. But once they went off their computer, it was a savings fund that would be off their cost. So which means that in order to break even, you'd have to have at least half the number of and then there's going to be confusions in the school. That means that they have to know we're all incentive to do it. So that is a problem. I have got, so there is a project that's being put together by a community of smart people where there's a bit of DTI that's part of the training of the school and it's a funding which there's a bit of a lack of money to do it as we see it as a project and have it as a test case to show that you can make the same money by doing it. But it needs inventing people and a lot of people in the school because they don't have enough time or the energy to do that. So they just cannot do what they do. How did you get support from your patent office? Sounds like a good trick. Well, the work is the form. The public institutions have a form and they pay for a different institution. We have in Venezuela the government have another degree and for May it's a cooperative institution and we have many, many cooperative institutions and the government when months have made a contract prefer a cooperative institution. This is the degree. So the public institution pay a cooperative form to make a project and you make the support in all centers. It's the experience, the situation and the work. The work is and all the people is willing because it's not only when it's not a big company the only win if only a small company a cooperative institution the winner. This is amazing because the big cooperative institution older, our students are young people and the student and young people is a... I think it's the right way for our country because always all the people are here. So as you see there's a number of... Excellent. How about non-X86 hardware? Do you play that at all or just it's not worth it? It's too much effort to support it. We have a sister project just a couple of hours south from us called... they used to be called metronome but now they're called Lane County C-C-C-C-R-C or something. It's right there up at the top and they basically handle all of our macrelated equipment. We get some spark stuff in we've got some alpha stuff I've kind of played around with making that work because this was tunnels and yeah we get some really oddball stuff we've started setting up like a computer museum we just got a... what was it? One of the TRS-80 we just got one of those in not so long ago and out there we had a ZEOS machine a while back it was all like in a wooden case crazy. So we get some really oddball hardware also to keep the organization running it's kind of... but we don't really make use of most of the oddball hardware we typically will like for a sale on eBay to help with organizational costs or we have a thrift store that people come in and just buy used equipment but yeah so we do what we can but it's almost... the vast majority of ZEOS is related to hardware Do you want to mention the co-op? I can do a little bit of that Sure One time we had a grant from the Meyer Memorial Trust to take a non-profit currently running commercial software and essentially converted to running all open source software the non-profit that we worked with was a mental health agency they were using some fairly old commercial software for their patient tracking system it would have been quite expensive to get it upgraded to current standards they would have to upgrade the windows and they would have to upgrade their hardware so what we did we looked at replacing all their windows desktops with Linux using... they were using LTSP but the big part of the project was to take the patient tracking system and try to replace it with something that's open source and we found that there was a hospital in New York St. Vincent's Hospital in New York had been working on an open source patient tracking system what was an SQL clinic was the name of it running off of a Postgres backend database and we took that but they published an open source and we worked with them their people were willing to work with us to adapt that piece of software to work on our situations because we're not at all in that hospital we were a outpatient mental health clinic and some of the requirements are different but structurally the basic concept would be the same and unfortunately it took a lot more than we anticipated to do the change because we... the scoping of the project was quite challenging but we were able to do it we did change they changed it in that software and we in turn published it to make it available to others some other health agencies to use it but essentially we were able to take them off of the windows environment except one or two machines that they had to have because they were agencies they dealt with that required using windows to deal with them and unfortunately one of them is the Oregon Department of Revenue but there's a piece of software that you'll require to use to file their returns I don't know much about it and that requires windows beyond that they were able to wean much of the agency off of windows in free computers that we got they were able to augment their install base I think if I'm not mistaken without having to buy a single new computer even though the project went over budget over time there was a lot of lessons learned and it could be repeated now that we know what to expect and know what to get into and the concept could be modeled and we could take somebody's windows infrastructure and replace it with open source some software that we've worked on we have a few pieces of software that we use to run free geek FGDB is a php web interface to keep track of all the devices we get it's also a contact management system so anybody who comes in to volunteer or donates stuff will typically track information on them and use it for good and not evil FGDB is some hardware testing scripts written in Python FGDB basically was like it came out of a class we taught on this is how to learn Python or how to write Python FGDB came out of how to write php there's a class on Python which resulted in the FG DAG which is a hardware DAG on states and then somebody wrote FG scheduling for like managing our staff scheduling and I have no idea what it's written in but yeah those are some of the highlights we also back in the day I wrote a system called Lestis which made it into Sarge hopefully won't make it into Edge and it was basically a discus terminal implementation that was very devy and base it used the bootstrap to install the environment rather than building a bunch of binaries and we're currently working on moving towards an LTSP bootcamp project which does a very similar thing and so that way you're not reusing all the binaries or re-implementing all the binaries we're just reusing standard variant binaries for the Lestis terminals and implementation yes, question? Well just sending you a question that's here in the IRC from Maxi he says that he really prefers to set up thin clients because basically any machine can be set as an X error and you need one more powerful server in the network so you can have a very small network which starts in X server and for many situations that's enough Yes, I started the Lestis project one day when we had a classroom full of machines that were basically just logging into a server and the hard drive failed on it and I'm like this is ridiculous all these machines are doing is logging into a server so we should use Lestis terminals and it's a really good way to make use of older hardware even a 486 can be used as a Lestis terminal though bringing actually doesn't keep anything below a P3500 much to my surprise so yeah, Lestis terminals are amazing of course that's probably one of my main projects is working on Lestis terminals and we kind of use them for everything we use them around the hardware testing software we use them to install our machines we use them as public access terminals we love Lestis so I want you all to go and start up pregings at your home or probably whatever you want but I know you all use computers and so probably there are unused computers within miles of where you live or kilometers or whatever you like to measure it by and that's your homework assignment so any questions about your homework assignment? no questions you all know how to do this kind of thing oh we have the wiki don't we? it's true you do have the wiki good idea I was hoping to hear other projects because I know they're out there I have a question you mentioned in the beginning that you sell buckets of scrap material so which part of the machines you get into your scrap and which part do you recycle? we recycle everything basically the most difficult thing to deal with is monitors they contain between three and eight pounds of lead oh sorry I meant recycle versus reuse we try I think our current statistics are for every five computers we put on back into reuse that's about the average statistic yeah a huge part of that is simply warehouse space they're definitely like I said earlier anything below a P3 500 we're just outright recycling because if we didn't do that we'd end up later down the road recycling like an 800 or 900 megahertz system because we ran out of space spending all this time on this older equipment but I'm very interested in setting up projects to work with other organizations to ship some of our lower up stuff to places we've done a few projects like that which with very very mixed results one that was really successful was sending equipment to Uganda although when we got there we found that they had a lab of like P4s sitting in boxes unused so we sent them a bunch of P2s and P3s and we were very surprised and so there it was more of a cultural like teaching people how to fix problems like but we've also had a few projects to send equipment to Central and South America which had very mixed results one time we actually got a bunch of equipment confiscated at the Mexico border yeah that was a problem but we're learning how to do more international grants better slowly learning but a big part of it is too is like there are computers almost everywhere so it might be better to send people there to teach locals who are interested in setting up computer recycling organizations and to kind of see the projects along with a little bit of know-how experience we got 15 minutes how do you go up with the people that you actually inflict these computers on? because I have come across many computers but I don't have that many people that are like yes I want low computers it's got windows on it most things started out as word of mouth there was before the organization even really existed it started out at a tabling at an Earth Day event in Portland, Oregon where I was like I have this idea I have a name, it's called Free Geek we're going to take computers and give them away to people and basically since then sometime later that year that was in 2000 somebody put an ad in the local paper that said free computers and the phone number and then they were flooded from there on so it's kind of gotten crazier every consecutive day since but I've never really had to put much energy into advertising it's mostly been word of mouth they've gotten some media coverage usually local, there's been some even international coverage I believe absolutely what's that? do you have a weapons? I think Oslo Martin is the founder and it started with just a bunch of computers sitting around this house and then people are like oh you're collecting computers so they gave them more and more and they piled up that's the one I still like I've heard a number of people so that's what it's all about it's kind of a brand new thing once you get a certain amount of old unused computers together more will just gravitate towards them people will hear that oh you're collecting computers they'll come so yeah I think do you have a question? do you have trouble with either one people wanting computers and you have the ready to give out or you have the opposite problem more computers or it just bounces up and down it varies some right now the most coordinated program there's two main programs at Freeduke one is you spend 24 hours volunteering with the organization and you get a computer where people do anything from actually busting up the computers the plastics and the metals ripping them pieces and then the other people who actually will evaluate the systems and we teach them how to identify based on physical characteristics or hooting them up what general class of computers are and then they go on to actually rebuild the computers and that program is basically like a build six you get to keep the six although only about a third of the people in the computer building program actually even want a computer most of them are just in it for the experience that was my case I don't mind more than six we've got people who have these sheets of paper where you write down how many they've built and it just goes on and on there's some people who probably build hundreds so right now the build program is the most elaborate program that we can teach people and then and then they can replicate that over and over again they'll encounter different problems and issues but it's a pretty replicable thing to teach the coding program has been a little different in that sense you can teach somebody how to code but you can't just tell them repeat that same code over and over again it's not very useful so teaching somebody how to program is a lot harder than teaching somebody how to build a computer what did you do with data left on hard disks for computer stuff we wrote as part of the free week diagnosis test we have something that runs bad blocks several times over the drives we've been exploring some other techniques but we do make sure to do at least four wipes I think which gets it to the point where they would really have to invest a ridiculous amount of money in order to get it any drives that we recycle we actually physically destroy do we do any data recycling as part of the... I feel like it's too dangerous for the organization which space do you disassemble and then assemble the PCs where do you disassemble and assemble the PCs where? there's a community center and you have a point to the web page it's a community center and we don't just do we don't just do computer things I forget exactly how big the floor space is 15,000 each section is 5,000 we started with 1 5,000 square foot building and then we ended up to 15,000 square feet and we are first in the scene right now so we have a lot of space some of it's dedicated there's like a meeting room there's kind of like a community events room if you see at the web page there's a light swap meeting so we do things we've started actually hosting like art showings at the space so it's more than just like computers too we try and draw in a broader pool of the community so that Freedbeak is just part of the community it's not just a bunch of geeks playing in the computers which I think is absolutely essential I like to focus on the free part of Freedbeak some people are interested in the geek part we had prom last Saturday night we had a formal prom this is prom season it was really important in the summertime we have an event called geek fair we have a block party we've actually closed the block and a lot of very interesting events one of them is for those of you who are very very frustrated at printers there cannot be anyone of you in here who has never been frustrated with a printer so we've invented this wonderful process and that's called printer smashing you pay I think $1 or something like that for the privilege of taking a sledgehammer and smashing a printer or your weapon of choice or your weapon of choice and smashing a printer as much as your little heart desires wonderful events like that now last week didn't they have a bicycle something that they can ride their bikes old computers or some weird thing very wonderful in Portland area in the summertime look us up how can they do in other countries where there is no cooking in December that has been I think that's the key to what Freaking Portland was so successful when it started out is they actually had start-up funds for somebody to leave it for like three months and have somebody there staffing it for like I think five days out of a week and that was pretty key I think having a space there where people know oh these people are open like five, six days a week I can just drop in during these hours you never get up to the hours or like eleven to seven so a lot of times people are like what these are crazy hours but you know within your hours and a space for people to just come and know they can drop in and help out or drop off their stuff or whatever I think has been key some of the other Freedies that have started up in other areas in the US have not had that privilege and it's really slowed down the process so I would recommend to anybody interested in starting one up to get a little more start-up funds and have like even just a couple months of opening and operating expenses covered which definitely increases the volume but yeah since they are so toxic you shouldn't be getting into this without you shouldn't be getting into this unless you're serious too so I want to encourage people but at the same time like once you start taking computers and people know about it and some of the decisions that I've heard about they tend to get flooded like very quickly yeah you want to mention what were the start-up funds and how much it cost to do that for three months something like 30,000 to 40,000 maybe 50,000 okay for the rent and all of that there is the law that we have left not smashing right there no, no, that's me dancing I want you to dance no, don't do that no, sit down yeah so it's not completely so public that is a I think it is now we're just barely getting into the point that when the income from the recycling and the thrift store and what little bit we're doing I believe is finally becoming self-sustaining we've had to we've had to kind of refine our recycling because the more you sort the raw materials the more you get per pound for those raw materials and I think in the beginning perhaps our sorting was not quite as refined but now we've got it to the point that we have with Charlie the advanced recycling where we can take the actual chips and break them off the boards and put them in a pail by themselves and we take the gold contacts knock them off the board put them in a pail, you have a five gallon bucket of gold contacts that brings us about five or six hundred dollars for that bucket if they're still in the boards we just get no one near that kind of money so the more we sort the more we get as far as I know to come in there we are starting to get break even and self-sustained maybe you know more about that but that's what they told me a few weeks ago yeah really this has been steadily the collaborative technologies project did end up sinking really into debt but after one year they've already recovered and are making more money in fact it's definitely hoping to raise the standards for the staff again and stuff they took a voluntary cut during the time but yeah there's three main recycling streams I believe there's just people donating stuff when they bring in them things which we have mandatory fee for monitors because they're so hard to recycle there's grants is another main donation or income source no less and less less and less reliant on that because Fregeek has a physical income stream it can do things like the thrift store which generates a little revenue to support the organization and then there's just the physical raw materials recycling which Fregeek is sending out several tons of raw materials every week I believe it's crazy but so unlike a lot of non-profit organizations Fregeek has a natural income of just physical equipment that allows them to be more self-financial sufficient well another thing you need to point out is that our entire infrastructure that means the computers that are used all the stuff when the secretary desks everything that came into that place came in as part of the waste stream so essentially we're extremely fortunate non-profit to run on just about a zero capital budget when I was told that the only capital infrastructure we bought was a four point hub a long time ago that's a hit else came in to receive it and we pay for consumables like light bulbs and stuff like that we pay our salaries but that's pretty much it the infrastructure is right on the ground zero capital there's no cost at all to the equipment that we use that's networking the whole mess I think we're basically wrapping up every moment of assignment and we'll be ready to start rigging in your local area


Hello everybody, welcome once again. Thank you all for joining in Hey, can I request? Hey Divya, do you mind opening us opening with the word of prayer, please? Divya Pardon? Do you mind starting us off with a prayer, please? Yeah, sure. Sure. Thank you father. Thank you for this Beautiful day father lot that you have given to each one of us father. Thank you lot for Helping us father lot to join lot come together Lord and learn from your word father lot to How you intend us a lot to praise you to worship you lot to glorify you father lot Help us father that we Gain insights for the Lord that we may worship you in spirit and in truth for the Lord I pray father that whatever we are learning for the Lord. Let it let it be Father Rooted and grounded in our hearts for the Lord help us be able to apply We are asked the help of the Holy Spirit Lord, especially committing That's the Russian into your loving hands for the Lord You equip and empower him father lot the all the words father lot may you give him father lot that Lord let your grace be upon him father. I pray for each and every one join father and who are yet to join I pray Lord Lord that you help each one father that will be edified Lord will be Encourage father lot and we'll be a blessing for the wherever you are placed is Committing all these and the name of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ Amen And thank you Divya. Thank you Guys, I hope everybody is doing well Thank you for joining This is continue from where we left off last week In your notes page 21 That's where we ended Okay from chapter 5 page 21. Let's do a quick recap of everything that we've covered in chapter 5 Okay, so just for follow along with me page 18. I will do a quick recap a couple of two minutes to recap and okay, so the four points Added to The definition of what is worship in our understanding of what is worship the first one is worship is the recognition of who God is And we saw that in depth and worship is the reverence for God It is the communion with God and worship is a response to an encounter with God On the side note, we kind of studied a little bit on the topic of encounter itself, right? What encounter means to us what it means to have an encounter with God? And we did that in the second session last class. So I I shared the PDF for the notes I hope you were able to download that for your reference for future references. Okay So we looked so the fourth point there is worship is our response to an encounter with God, okay? and then We move into page 20 where we see worship defies definition and then we go into John chapter 4 was 23 and 24 Where it talks about the father is seeking worshipers true worshipers who will worship him in spirit and in truth And spirit simply means it is the Holy Spirit that empowers and enables us to worship him in this spirit Right, that's why it says by the power of the Holy Spirit that abides in Us by the power of the Holy Spirit that abides in us, okay? And there's what interesting Greek word that is mentioned in your notes called sebumi Which means devout religious worship having the right form words pious action, but no heart Okay, so that is mentioned there because after worshiping him in spirit We are also commanded to worship him in truth, right because father is not only just seeking worshipers He's seeking true worshipers, okay? So if there are true worshipers there are also that means there are also false worshipers, okay? So it's just giving us that warning that caution is okay You can do all the rituals you want to do and you know do all your daily activities that is involved with ministry And whatnot, but then if you're not if your heart is not inclined, you know, then it's pointless. It's useless, okay? So in truth, what does that mean? To to worship him in truth. It simply means worshiping him according to the revealed word of God Okay, John 17 17. It says sanctify them by your truth because your word is truth All right So we saw that and we were coming down to page 21 Sorry guys Just put my phone on airplane mode. Okay Right in conclusion, we see that in truth We fail to worship when we don't have a revelation of what we are singing Okay, that is ignorant worship versus intelligent worship We need to involve our minds and our hearts Okay, the more we exert our minds in worship the more meaningful our worship is likely to be and John chapter 4 was 22 before Jesus says in verse 23 and 24 of what the father's desires is that the father is seeking worshipers What what he says before that is very interesting. He says you Samaritans do not know Or in other words, they just don't have the revelation, right? They do not know what you are worshiping You worship something that you do not comprehend you don't know We know what we are worshiping Jesus says we worship what we have knowledge of and understand So it's very important and one of the you know One of the points there for us to worship God in spirit and in truth Is that we need to have a revelation and that revelation comes with an encounter? Okay, that's why We studied, you know the importance of an encounter with God And one kind one encounter is all it takes for us to be changed and marked by his presence and his name, right? So that's where we paused You know, that's where we ended and concluded the last session with okay now Let's continue in page 21 of the section that says what happens when we worship God, okay, what happens when we worship God The first point there states that worship transforms or changes us Okay, can I say that again worship transforms or changes us, okay, what or whom we worship Influences who we are and what we will become Okay, let me read that one more time. What or whom? We worship influences who we are and what we will become Okay, having said that can we go to Psalm 115 please Stomping to some 115 Okay, can I request someone to read from verse 4 to 8 please? Their idols are silver and gold The work of man's hand. They have mouths, but they cannot speak They have eyes, but they cannot see they have ears, but they cannot hear they have noses But they cannot smell they have hands, but they cannot feel they have feet But they cannot walk they cannot make a sound with their throat Those who make them will become like them everyone who trusts in them It's a very powerful verse isn't it that verse 8 those who make them will become like them Just some time ago we did a series on idols in for the youth APC Now In this day and age We Christians or you know When we say we mention the word idols the one of the first immediate thing that comes to our mind is statues Right? We can see it everywhere in India at least But all statues are idols But not all idols are statues Okay, all statues are idols But not all idols are statues Okay, the modern-day idolatry. It looks very different. We don't have a golden calf Or you know a wooden Stages made up of wood and whatnot a modern idolatry can look like career or money Something or someone and whatnot, right? And God wants is of idolatry and God's been warning Israel of idolatry, you know, even before they enter the promised land Right so those who make them I don't want to go too deep into idols because we maybe might be here for an entire session Okay, even later if we have a time I'd like to play a song You know, just it's just a beautiful song that's impacted my life But anyways, so it says here those who make them will be like them that means When you give all your affection all your strength your energy your wisdom and your ideas into That goes into making an idol that goes into just thinking about this day and night Bible says you become like that You become like something that's lifeless Right an idol or a statue by itself does not have any power by itself But the moment when you bow down before that idol you give that idol authority over your life Right, so that's That that that that that is very scary and that is very important for us to remember. Okay, you become like the one you worship Okay, and I just want to share a very personal example and again a couple of you might have already heard this but And there was a time in my life You know for a solid Nine months out of 12 months in a year Okay, out of the nine months out of 12 months in a year all I thought or Or dreamt of or all my affection and everything was was pushed or focused towards a guitar Yes, that's right. Okay, not this one. Okay Yeah, not not that one. Okay you know like you The artists or musicians or any field that you're in you have something I mean, we tend to have something called that's my dream guitar. That's my dream car. That's my dream house That's my dream job. That's my dream career. That's my dream paycheck Etc. Etc. Isn't it? Yeah, you kind of relate to that right so Similarly, I have I have a dream guitar And I'm not very proud about you know about what I'm sharing but just for my personal experience is For nine months guys, I mean like in that nine months I learned everything I could about acoustic guitars about the wood they use why they use certain woods and And in how many how long does it take in building a guitar? So at that point in in life, like if you wanted an advice on which guitar to buy or you know what not People would ask me and what so okay So I learned everything that there could be that there is to be learned about the guitar in the process of just thinking about this Guitar researching about this guitar. How many years I should save to buy that guitar, you know Financial management and whatnot. So what I'm trying to say is a guitar is just so innocent, isn't it? It's just a beautiful instrument right It's it is so harmless and similarly like that. It's so many of of our things or someone that They are not they don't necessarily have to be bad But we but when we can't when we are consumed and obsessed by our love by our affection our devotion That every second of our life every fiber of your being is only thinking about that someone or something That's exactly what worship is right So yeah, I mean like I've been saying it's Almost three fourth of a year. I wasted a three-fourth of a year giving my worship to a thing That doesn't give me back anything right is When it's all by itself, it doesn't even make any noise, you know But that was just a powerful powerful And again God in his mercy reminded me, you know, he didn't give up on me You know just like how it was Aaron who built who who was a chief architect of building the golden calf Right it was Aaron who built it, but then God chooses Aaron and His lineage to be the a generation of high priests to serve before him and That's how merciful he is. That's how beautiful our God is that in his great mercy He didn't just let me go He came after me, you know, and he reminded me of his love for me and of his grace and of his mercy and then you know Refocus, you know, it's like hey, it's not about this thing. It's not about You know all these Equipments per se, but it's about the one it's about Jesus, right? So worship changes us you become like the one you worship right the notes say In Hebrews chapter 12 verse 29 as mentioned in your notes. It simply says our God is a consuming fire And now when we think about okay when we worship the one Who is consuming fire we become like him, right? So let's just let's look at that scripture that's mentioned there in Exodus chapter 34 verse 27 to 30 Exodus chapter 34. It's mentioned in the notes at the bottom of page 21 Then it said then the Lord said to Moses Okay, the Lord said to Moses write these words For according to the tenor of these words, I have made a covenant with you and with israel Okay, so now they are the people of the covenant. We should remember that right so and then Verse 28 says so he was there with the Lord 40 days and 40 nights Okay, 40 days 40 nights. He neither ate bread nor drank water And he wrote on the tablets of the words of the covenant the ten commandments Verse 29 now it was so when Moses came down from Mount Sinai And the two tablets of the testimony were in moses hands When he came down from the mountain That moses did not know that the skin of his face shown while he talked with him What a beautiful sight, isn't it? He became like the one he was in the presence of He did not know that the skin of his face shown While he talked with him So when adin and all the children of israel saw moses Behold the skin of his face shown and they were afraid to come near him The glory of god's presence was radiating on on the face of moses Right and there's a psalm. I forget the psalm but uh, you know I mean I just forget the reference, but if you know you can just put it in the chat It says those who look on him were radiant To the thom 34 or some 37. I'm sorry. I'm confused Okay, those who looked on him were radiant And that's exactly what was happening in moses's life and his encounter with the lord and for being there in his presence for 40 days and 40 nights His face was radiating right But the interesting part is Uh moses is not the benchmark Thanks john. That's yeah, some 34 was five It says those who looked on him and their faces were radiant right as I was saying Moses was not the benchmark Our benchmark is jesus Isn't it so with that in mind? Let's go to second quarantines chapter three Uh, there are only two verses I mentioned, but then I want to read just a little bit more Okay, so just go with me to second quarantines chapter three Okay, um, I want to read for us from verse 12 Second quarantines chapter three verse 12 onwards therefore Since we have such a hope We are very bold Okay, uh, I would encourage you to read the previous verses from verse 7 to 11 Okay, because uh, that's like the pretext to why paul is saying therefore So every time you see therefore you need to ask why is it therefore? Okay Um, so therefore since we have such a hope we are very bold We are not like moses Who put on a veil over his face to keep the israelites from gazing at it While the radiance was fading away But their minds were made dull For to this day the same veil remains when the old covenant is read It has not been removed because only in christ is it taken away Verse 15 even to this day when moses is read a veil covers their hearts But whenever anyone turns to the lord Okay, there's another translation that says the moment someone turns to the lord, okay Whenever anyone turns to the lord the veil is taken away Now the now the lord is the spirit and where the spirit of the lord is there is freedom And we who with unveiled faces all reflect the lord's glory Okay Let me just read that line again and we that means you and I Okay, who with unveiled faces all reflect the lord's glory Are being transformed into his likeness With ever increasing glory which comes from the lord who is the spirit Amen, it says that we are being transformed into his likeness All right, that's wonderful, isn't it so In other words as we surrender to god in worship There is a marked change in our thoughts motives Speech and action as we seek and behold the glory of the lord We become more christlike in our thinking speaking and behaving Right. We are we are changed. We are transformed into his likeness And so that's what that's what happens in worship. Worship transforms or changes us Just being in the very presence of the lord just rubs off on us Amen great Let's move to the second point Next it says In worship we experience god's presence. Okay, we are in page 22 point b In worship we experience god's presence In worship we become more aware of and experience his presence and it is in worship knowledge becomes experience So the scriptures mentioned there is James chapter 4 verse 8 Draw near to god And he will draw near to you Yeah Cleanse your hands you sinners and purify your hearts You're double-minded Okay, so there's an invitation here. Okay draw near to him and he will draw near to you. Okay Can you imagine how beautiful it is when When someone like a being Eternal being comes closer and closer. He is not like any other being Like we've discussed so many times, right? He's just not another individual person Or or a thing But this is the lord of hosts. We are talking about But this is the everlasting father our prince of peace our alpha and the omega And it was the beginning and the end From everlasting to everlasting, you know, he is god Right And this god says As we draw near to him He draws near to us, right? So a couple of things that happens, uh, you know When he draws near to near to us you can make a note of it is when god draws near He speaks He leads He directs He empowers And he heals Okay, I'll say that again He speaks He leads He directs He empowers And he heals Right and there's much more than that happens. I'm sure but these are a few things that happens when he draws near to us And as we draw near to him Okay, Deuteronomy chapter four verse 29 says but if from there you seek the lord your god You will find him if you seek him with all your heart and with all your soul That is just another verse of saying draw near to him Means just seek him with all your heart Don't you up don't stop All right, um, this is a beautiful passage. I'm reminded of and again exodus chapter 33 Uh, it says Moses took his tent and pitched it outside the camp of israel If moses took his tent and pitched it outside the camp of israel he went out. He disconnected. He he put it out there to seek him Right and the most beautiful thing that happens actually we can talking about that we can go to exodus 33 exodus 33 verse 7 Okay, exodus chapter 33 verse 7 It says now moses used to take a tent And pitch it outside the camp some distance away Calling it the tent of meeting Anyone inquiring of the lord would go to the tent of meeting outside the camp And whenever moses listen to this guys verse 8 And whenever It means whenever. Okay. I don't know what your bible translation says But whenever moses went out to the tent All the people rose And stood at the entrance to their tents Watching moses until he entered the tent some verse 9 check this out As moses went into the tent Okay, as moses is drawing near The pillar of cloud would come down And stay at the entrance while the lord spoke with moses Okay, beautiful, isn't it? It's just another version of james chapter 4 verse 8 As moses drew near the lord drew near Right whenever moses went into the tent of meeting a pillar of cloud would come And see what the worst 10 says there When whenever the people saw the pillar of clouds standing at the entrance of the tent They all stood and worshiped each at the entrance of his tent And verse 11 The lord would speak to moses face to face as a man speaks with his friend You know that verse messed me up for many many years What? How how is that possible? I want that But I mean for something like that to be recorded and it's once again recorded in numbers chapter 12 Right when god himself testifies of moses That to to my prophets I speak to them in dreams and visions But not so with my servant moses with my servant I speak face to face you can read that in numbers chapter 12 But that's the beauty of it, isn't it?  Um, so I pray that from this point that we would be encouraged to seek him Encourage to just go after him and not be satisfied and not be and not to easily give up It's like, oh, you know, it's I tried I tried I tried But nothing's happening. Just continue to seek him until you find him right And and like we saw we read in song of song chapter three in the last class that I will search for the one my heart loves I will not rest until I find the one my heart loves and when I find I will cling on to him And we saw that in John chapter 20 where Mary Magdalene. She waited She waited when John and Peter came they saw the empty tomb and they went back but Mary persisted Until she found him She continued to sort him. She stood outside the tomb. We're crying Right. So persistence. There's always a god always responds to desperation god always responds to hunger Um, right All right, are you guys with me? Yeah Yeah, I hope so So that is the second point right in worship. We experience god's presence That leads us to the third point worship empowers us to rule and reign Okay, I'll say that again worship empowers us to rule and reign Okay revelation chapter one verse five to six It says and from Jesus christ the faithful witness the first born from the dead and the ruler over the kings of the earth To him who loved us and washed us from our sins in his own blood And has made us kings and priests to his god and father To him be glory and dominion forever and ever okay If there's something that we need to know about the heart of god for us humanity Is that we would serve before him as priests We were made to worship And that is the calling of a priest is to continually serve before the lord and minister unto him that is worship Right and again from you will see that from the beginning of the bible Genesis all the way to revelation you will find another line That's repeated time and time again. It says I will be your god and you will be my people I will be your god. You will be my people or you will be my people and I will be your god And then when you read exodus chapter 19, right when god brings israelites out of egypt Actually, this is sorry guys. I mentioned a chapter and then I feel like we need to go there Apologies Can we go to exodus chapter 19, please? Okay, I hope you're all there, but I believe you are there.  I brought you to myself I didn't bring you out for the sake of bringing you out Okay, uh, you are now free not for the sake of just being free You are not set apart for the sake of being set apart You are set apart to me Right. I brought you to myself Okay, you are free In me right. That's what god is saying. I brought you to myself Verse five now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant Then out of all nations You will be my treasured possession Although the whole earth is mine Verse six You Will be for me a kingdom of priests And a holy nation These are the words you want to speak to the israelites. Okay So you see that heart as you see god's heart in verse six This is now very specifically in the old covenant god is telling The israelites, okay You will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation So when god brought israel out of egypt He wanted the entire nation of israel to serve before him as priests It was not just the levites Okay, but then when you read the whole chapter of 19 and 20 which I I don't really want to do that But then let's quickly go to the next chapter verse chapter 20 and go to verse 18. Okay Chapter 20 verse 18 Exodus chapter 20 verse 18. I hope you're with me. It says When the people saw the thunder and lightnings and heard the trumpet and saw the mountain in smoke They trembled with fear Okay, they stayed at a distance I are you seeing that? Okay, they are distancing themselves. They are not drawing near Okay, they are not drawing near this they're staying at a distance They said at a distance and said to moses speak to us yourself moses and we will listen They were lying that They because they did not listen to moses.  Historians say is an equivalent of 10 generations Okay, 10 generations. That's a lot of people. You can lose a lot of theology In 10 generations, right? So all these people who are exposed to all the new worst that there there is a god And they knew him as a god of abraham isaac and jacob And that one day a deliverer is going to come. That's all they knew And for 400 years generations after generations after generations for 10 generations They are only exposed to the idols of egypt to the cultures of egypt to the practices the idol practice worship practice of egypt They are only used to seeing fake gods Gods in lower case small g They are they were only used to seeing the the way egyptians worshiped They were only used to seeing the way egyptians ate and celebrated life Okay but They have never encountered Someone this grand this this scary this terrifying or whatnot But then look at this. I mean, they just did not get god the lord's heart. Isn't it that in just saw an exodus chapter 19 Is that he wanted the entire nation of israel to be unto him a kingdom of priests A holy nation and then people distant say he's like no, you know, moses you go speak with him You come and speak with us and whatnot and then later we know how the story goes They build a golden calf and when moses says, uh, you know Everyone who's on the lord's side come this side The bible says only the lewites came Okay, so this The beginning of god using the tribe of uh levi This kind of starts there Okay, and then you all know, you know, it's Until you know until jesus came and died on the cross It was that the the priests were all from the tribe of lewites But in the new covenant as we just read in revelation chapter 1 verse 5 and 6 Because of the blood of jesus and because of what jesus has done And through him he has made us kings and priests Amen And if you see that it being repeated in first peter chapter 2 verse 9 It says you are a chosen generation a royal priesthood A holy nation His own special people that you may proclaim the praises of him You see how that's connected to worship, right priesthood a holy nation. We are holy. We are set apart We are chosen by god unto himself Why that we may proclaim the praises of him who called you out of darkness Who shed his blood who redeemed us? Darkness into his marvelous light Amen Worship empowers us to uh rule and Rain let's look at a couple more scriptures. Okay, it's it's powerful Let's read matthew chapter 4 verse 8 and 10 see Okay, can someone read Okay, I put this in the chat and we can Yeah Is it matthew chapter 4 8 to 10? Yes, please.  Thank you. Yeah, right It's interesting. So this the one that I Shared on the chat section is from the amplified version. It's amplified classic edition Right says again the devil took him upon a very high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms Right king kingdoms Of the world and the glory the splendor the magnificence the permanence and excellence of them And he said to them these things that means the kingdoms of the world I will give to you Just bow before me and worship me I will make you a king Right all the lives of the devil all the lives of the world Right the lust of the flesh the pride of the eyes everything is in this context here But it is only in jesus that we have legitimate true royalty Amen, it is in jesus that we have true royalty. Okay So that is john Matthew chapter 4 verse 8 to 10 The devil knows the power of worship And he will use that against us like in the form of idol worship and just Make false promises I will give you all of this. I will you will have so and so Just worship me Okay Another scripture for us to read is roman chapter 5 verse 17 roman chapter 5 verse 17 um In the chat section Just read it for us it says for if because of one man's trespass or laps offense Death reigned through that one Much more surely will those who receive god's overflowing grace unmerited favor and the free gift of righteousness Putting them into right standing with himself Reign as kings In life through the man one man jesus christ Once again, you know the emphasis is through jesus Because of what he did he has made it possible for us to reign with him as kings Amen, uh, I also like the nlt version. It's uh slightly A little bit more simpler, right It's the nlt version of the same verse romans 5 17 says for the sin of this one man adam cause death to rule over many But even greater is god's wonderful grace and his gift of righteousness For all who receive it will triumph over sin and death through this one man jesus christ amen And finally just let's read one last scripture. That's roman chapter 8 verse 17 Romans chapter 8 verse 17 It says and since we are his children We are his hairs In fact together with christ we are the heirs of god's glory And if we are to share his glory we must also share his suffering Okay, amen, so that's that's the end of this section. The third point is worship empowers us to rule and reign Because through jesus and what jesus has done for us on the cross and by the shedding of his blood He has made us a kings and priests unto god the father. We are now his royal priesthood a holy nation Amen, I love this quote by bill johnson And I want you to write it down. Okay, it says Wait, what is the quote?  And this court has actually stayed with me for a long time now. I've Just motivates and and has encouraged me and And that's what worship does true worship does is it will empower us to rule and reign But we rule with the heart of a servant And we reign and serve with the heart of a king Amen, so let that sink in. Okay, uh, so that's the end of this section We will resume from the next section on worshiping god in difficult times and continue from there. Okay So we take a short break and see you back in 10 minutes All right. Take it guys


Hello and welcome to week five of Deep Learning. This will be a week of regularization, one of the key tricks to make deep learning work well. We'll start by observing that deep learning neural nets typically have almost as many weights as they have observations for training, so they should really overfit, but in fact magically, and we'll try to understand how and why they don't overfit that much, especially if you do the regularization correctly, and the way to make things work well, get low test accuracy, error is to train large networks with lots of kinds of regularization. The key idea behind regularization, which I hope you've pretty much all seen, is the bias variance trade-off. On the x-axis is some measure of the capacity of the neural net to represent information, how complicated it is, how much information it can store. You could think of that as being the number of adjustable weights in the neural net, but if you shrink them with penalties, it becomes a smaller number. If you start with a small network on the left, then it will tend to underfit, it will have high bias, high training error, as you get more and more complex network moving to the right, the bias goes down, the training error goes down, but if you were to train the network on lots of different data sets, it would get more and more different outputs, it would have high variance across training sets, it would have higher test error, overall what we want is to minimize the generalization error, the out-of-sample error, and that goes down at first as the model gets more complex, more powerful, and then goes up. So the game this week is partly to control model complexity, trying to get models that have the right capacity, not too much and not too little. The other piece that's less obvious is neural nets have lots of optima, and we're going to try to find techniques that take us to good optima rather than bad optima. What's a good optima? Something that generalizes well to new observations in the test set. So we've seen deep learning often uses more parameters or as many parameters as it has observations. It should massively overfit people like Jang Benjo, Artrecht and Vinyalsen have looked at various image data sets and shown that you can train to down to zero training error, you've overfit all the noise, you still get a small test error, you can take those same networks and randomize the labels, image in, label out, randomize the labels, they can still learn with zero training error the randomized labels, of course out of sample it's noise because you there's nothing to learn. So they're able to fit these complex functions and yet somehow not overfit horribly, and that's something we're going to try to understand this week. Another example, GPT-3, one of my favorite natural language processing models, we'll cover it later in the semester, 175 billion parameters trained on half a billion, sorry half a trillion words, so roughly the same number of parameters and words, it works remarkably well, it doesn't overfit horribly, but it does seem to memorize. How do we know it memorizes? Well this network we'll see is trained to take in a sequence of words and predict what words will come next. So we can take words that it might have seen in the training set and see what it predicts for them. So for example, if you look at question, what do you call a droid that takes the long way around? Put that as input to GPT-3, what is it output? R2 detour. Okay it probably didn't make that up, it's probably memorized it. So these networks are memorizing data, but they're still not overfitting nearly as much as you might think. So what will we do this week? We will talk a lot about regularization, L1 penalties, L2 penalties, early stopping, which you should have seen, data augmentation, and then we'll talk about stochastic gradient descent, which magically is itself a form of regularization that works quite well, we'll quickly review dropout, we'll remind you what you all know, which is there's a lot of hyper parameters to tune as you decide which of these five, six, seven different regularizations do how much of, and a little bit of what these things mean for generalization. We'll end by talking a bit about how you can compress and prune artificial neural networks, make them smaller, and the fun part, talk about adversarial attacks by altering images or altering text and messing up the classifications and a bit how to defend against them. So welcome to week five.