Stanford University. The California State Legislature play a central role in creating legal and regulatory framework for us to enable the clean energy transition. With that, I would like to introduce our next panel, led by Dean Aruma Jinda, along with two distinguished guests, Senator Josh Becker and Senator Henry Stern. It's such an honor to have two of our leading senators and leading in the energy and climate world here with us. If you don't know the history already, and let me just state the obvious. We have Senator Henry Stern who graduated from Cal and we have Senator Josh Becker who graduated from Stanford. And here we are, you're the inspiration for both of us to bring Stanford and Cal together to save California. Well, let's just start. I mean, it's such an opportunity to get into your mind to how you're thinking about the future or you're thinking about California. So maybe I could just start with Senator Stern to just offer your sort of initial remarks and we get into some Q&A. I want into your mind. That's why we're here. I want into Arun's mind and all of Stanford's mind. These are the biggest minds in the whole world and it frankly is therapeutic. I think when you work on climate in maybe lonelier parts of the world, like you may think of Sacramento as a distant place, a small rural farm town up there. People like Josh and I, Chair Randolph, Chair Hokeshield, their staff, there's a little ecosystem. But when we come into the big C here in the Bay and we're here at Stanford, it feels like, okay, maybe we can't solve this. I'm an environmental lawyer by trade and I'm proud to say one of your mentees back in the Berkeley days when he was up at the labs to all you graduate students who spend time working with your professors or am I right here writing talking points for big wigs when we're organizing clean tech for Obama, I was writing his talking points and I was his intern. Okay, now I'm a senator. So just no, I wouldn't advise that too much, but it's a wonderful thing to work with people you look up to that are your friends, these human relationships we've got and rooms like this and the sort of, you know, the real interstitial stuff is to me the X factor for solving this crisis. I chair the Joint Climate Committee in the state and we oversee all the state's climate policies which end up putting me in places across the world too. I end up sort of leading a lot of our UN delegations just went to Dubai, UN Climate Week, deal with the Europeans. You end up having to have a very global mindset when running a committee like that. So that's my main job. I represent Southern California, so I live in the San Fernando Valley and we live right behind the Aliso Canyon gas field and my district is actually home to the largest methane explosion in US history and so we're sort of viscerally connected also to the fossil fuel transition. The stakes are high back home in LA, but glad to be up north. Thanks, Arun. Terrific. Senator Becker. Sure, thank you. Senator Stern mentioned, yeah, we're very lucky to have folks like Chair Randolph and Chair Holtschild up in Sacramento and it is fun to be here. I remember I saw Thomas Friedman speak once and he said, I'm a translator from English to English and when I was running I thought I want to be a translator between Silicon Valley and Sacramento and when you're up in Sacramento, you're really up there. You don't get a lot of connections, so it's fun to be back and I thank Arun for inviting us and when I think big picture in California I think we need to do four things. We need to do one, we need to produce a lot more clean energy, a lot more renewables at all levels. Number two, we have to get that energy to where it needs to go, right? We talked about this last panel when you think about a crowded highway into LA or into the Bay Area. If we can't get more throughput, then no matter what we produce, it doesn't matter, right? So we have to get to where it needs to go. Three, we need to make much more progress on reducing methane gas in buildings, that's commercial buildings, residential buildings. And then fourth, we need to pay more attention to industrial and ag emissions. And I think that's why we're so busy because there's so much to do. We're really talking about transforming our entire economy and I'm happy to talk about any of those areas as we go forward but when I look at my legislation it's been around those areas. Starting with one big picture piece that I did when we were in Coppin in Glasgow which I announced which was to get our state government to net zero by 2035. So 10 years ahead of the rest of state. So if we're on fleet, our own buildings, our own electricity, let's have the state lead the way with our own purchasing power, number one. But then in each of those other areas making sure that we can deliver energy where it needs to go with transmission that we worked on last year, SB 410 making sure that our utilities actually have the resources and accountability to get stuff plugged in to the grid and make sure we work on industrial and areas like cement. My very first year of passed the law actually was the only sector of the California economy which had a net zero target for a while was our cement bill. As you know globally cement is about 7% of emissions, globally of carbon emissions and again the innovations happening here so we want the technology to happen here to lead the way to net zero cement. We had a bill around enteric emissions from cows last year. We ended up getting that done through the budget. So we're really looking at each and every aspect of carbon emissions and happy to go into that a little bit today. Fantastic. We're going to open up a Q&A but let me get you started with the following. I mean we just heard in the previous panel some of the concerns. We use a framing out here with an acronym called DAIRS. We want decarbonization but it needs to be affordable. We need reliability and equity and we need security. That's the DAIRS framework. So as you look at the balancing act out here, if you go too fast you can get yellow jacket protesters like you saw in Paris.  What is the role of the legislature in California and addressing that? How are you thinking about it? Senator Stern? Take that one first. Yeah, warily. I mean it's real. It's 110 degrees on a September evening in Sacramento while we're making a decision whether to extend Diablo or not, the nuclear plant. And the grid is literally in full flex alert. I forget what phase we're at from ISO but the light's going to go off in the capital itself while we're debating how to keep the lights on. Those are hard, imperfect, politically not very, you know, they don't work well on a postcard or a speech. The Biden administration at a macro level is going through the exact same difficult decisions. A world is at war. The EU is now relying on the US as its largest gas exporter and yet we're trying to fossil fuel transition. How do you make these decisions? We fired up some of our oldest gas peaker plants around the state in disadvantaged communities. And I was very wary of that decision and yet the state sort of we wrestled with it and sometimes you have to own, I think, own the bad parts and the good. I think there's a realism that people will start to trust us if we're just straightforward with them about the scale, the challenge and we know it won't be magic. And then if the good starts to look a lot more convenient, cheaper, more reliable, if that electric car or your power bill or all those, your heating system at home is less noisy, less clunky, easy to pop in the appliance upgrade, it feels like okay, I just want the newest iPhone, let me get the newest car, I want the newest heater and it starts to feel like a good thing and not a sacrifice. But I still think we lack some basic analytics that we've got on the electric side but I still don't think we understand both the California consumer and the American consumer enough about their sensitivity around fuel and that there is almost an irrational, and this is well researched in economics but that you pay attention to the little things you buy every day. Even if, net, they're not the biggest part of your budget, if your Snickers bar used to cost you $1 and now it costs you $1.30, this is why Americans still feel inflation is out of control and that their lives and that fuels is higher than ever because you watch that ticker go off at the pump and it hurts every single time but on a net basis, the household income in this country is stronger than it's ever been and California consumers are actually on stronger footing than they've ever been but it's those kinds of, it's the behavioral side of it so I know we talked a little bit about tobacco earlier and cigarettes and that transition if I could, I'd say it's going to be a lot harder than that because this is not something that's sort of like oh, it'd be nice to get another pack or whatever like something to have but something you need and you kind of hate buying, right? Like who likes filling up at the pump? Who likes paying their utility bill? All these things hurt so the areas of policy that we're wrestling in you have to be very honest knowing that not everyone shares your enthusiasm not everyone wants to even be part of a climate revolution or find themselves inspired by that they just want to like have a hot shower, eat their lunch, get to work, go through their day and so we almost have to in my view be this kind of a more invisible revolution that actually doesn't feel that revolutionary it just feels convenient and reasonable and sort of just little upgrades in the system along the way and I think it's hard for us because I'm so passionate about these issues and it's central to my life and even when I'm dealing with other legislators like it's easy to talk to Senator Becker because we're both like we've been we've read 14 other articles about whatever this new building de-carb rule that CECs and then you go talk to somebody else and they're like, yeah okay I'm a school teacher from Modesto and I work on housing like I get you're excited but why does this matter to me? so grounding ourselves, making hard decisions, starting to own them and solving that affordability part early and having a strategy going in so that we can credibly promise people like the future with a clean energy economy is going to be cheaper for you and your family than it is right now last stat I'll leave you with the families making $80,000 or less in California spend more than half their budget on energy so more on food and health care combined is spent on energy and that's your gas bill, your electric bill and gasoline and that isn't trap and it's eating people alive and I truly believe that electrification if we do it right can free people from that trap but we gotta remember that all the time fantastic, Senator Becker sure a couple things, one thing I left out in the intro I was trying to start you know where are we big picture in California right so big picture we still about 400 million metric tons of emissions every year we're reducing around 2 to 3% now around 2 to 3% emissions a year but to get to our 2030 goals we need to be reducing about 4 to 5% a year so we need to be moving much faster in California despite all the amazing things we've done and are doing and again that's probably also a plea to all of you to focus I know a lot of people here focus federally and in California again we do have this opportunity it is still a battle every day because we are a large oil producing state and we want to have the reliability and affordability that you mentioned it's a battle every day for us to pass legislation but we can get things done and we do need all of your help along those lines when you mention that framework you know reliability is critical for us also for the governor right nobody wants a black out right that just can't happen and so reliability is paramount and something we think about a lot in great detail and again that's everything from more renewables on the grid also more demand response so we can get to those key moments right those key ten or so days a year but then also again making sure that we have we're planning at all levels and then the affordability piece Senator Stern talked about talked eloquently about why people care and what our colleagues are going through right when they say hey I represent mostly Latino workers making $48,000 a year they don't think any of this stuff is for them well okay maybe it hasn't been for them right they have to believe it is for them for them for her to vote for this you know whatever the relevant legislation may be so equity is both a moral consideration it's also a political consideration because it really has to work for everyone in the state they have to feel the benefits the good news they can to wrap up when you know you put in a heat pump as we all know here you also get air conditioning so you think about parts of the state by the way here you know I never when I moved here you know 25 years ago I didn't need air conditioner then I had one wall unit and then another unit and then in the portable unit we have a heat pump so we have air conditioning so you think about all the parts of the state that are getting really really hot many many days a year that they get a heat pump their quality of life is going to go up but we have to get that quality of life with the affordability so you mentioned Senator Stern you mentioned the federal government President Biden is also going through similar kinds of challenges they have to I mean frankly the whole world is going through this transition now the federal government has passed some important bills the inflation reduction act being the second one the first one was the infrastructure bill how are you thinking about leveraging the opportunity and has that triggered some of the initiatives that you're thinking about I mean it's like a gift from on hot I mean it's the best thing that's ever happened to climate policy in my short life is that that IRA and this session of congress and this president I mean it's still I grew up under Obama and thinking that that was magic what we had back in 2009 when you built ARPA-E and we had clean tech for Obama and I helped write Watsman Markey and we were going to solve it all and then it was like maybe that wasn't it maybe this is it and just need to redesign industrial policy so I think I think of the federal government now as sort of our the banker of our biggest and boldest innovations and we'll be there for this marketplace even when our state budget can't flex like that like we are right now we're running a deficit we're going to have the regulatory drivers we're going to have carbon pricing we're going to have sectoral targets we're going to have things that sort of drive the market from a regulatory perspective we've come up last week out in Lithium Valley and saying let's go and thanks to Chair Hokeshield for being an early preacher of that gospel or the carbon removal project that Senator Becker cut the ribbon on out in what was it Tracy Tracy, yeah and you know these things where we're going first to know that we don't have to go it alone anymore and it's not just on the energy commission to figure it out but that there's now a tax code behind us even with hydrogen federal governments proved enormously useful especially the treasury guidance for giving us a pathway through hydrogen where we want to say yes but we kind of don't know how yet they're showing us that way so it gives us I'd say an ability to be a little more bullish than we'd otherwise be because otherwise we got to ride our own budget cycles and sort of self-check and this way we can keep dreaming and innovating big and yeah another chunk of EV charging money just dropped last week so more to come I hope to everyone from the federal government thank you who's here seriously thank you keep it coming we will spend it well whoever you are Senator Becker I know that you are very interested in introducing something for carbon removal tell us a little bit about why you did that and is there an angle out here in partnering with the federal government on this yeah well the federal government and with Samford thanks for your leadership as we know so we this big fight my first year in the legislature we tried to codify carbon neutrality again this wonky audience I don't think I'm going to explain all of this to you but we tried to quantify to codify carbon neutrality by 2045 and we only got 14 votes out of 40 and we had by 30 Democrats we had only 14 votes to codify carbon neutrality that just shows you how it can be a fight sometimes then our governor really stepped up got involved the next year and and we did pass we've codified carbon neutrality in the state by 2045 the way we did that we codified 85% direct emissions reductions by the way carbon capture and sequestration considered a direct emissions reduction and then 15% carbon removal so what that would translate to is about 65 million metric tons a year of carbon removal by 2045 our scoping plan actually calls for more I believe it's 70 to 75 million metric tons and we're basically at very very little that we've that we've really measured as carbon reduction as carbon removal so at the same time there are a lot of promising technology, heirloom, Senator Stern mentioned they're doing kind of reverse the cement process so having limestone on trays for three days actually absorbing CO2 they prove they can bury it and now they've done that at small scale need to move to larger scale there's ocean alkanization there's people there's other just direct air capture that we know works again the question is how do we make it all more affordable so my bill and worked with Ken Branson by my Sanford Business School classmate, Ken Branson is the brains behind a lot of this is that we say okay we have to get say 65 million metric tons so let's have polluters collectively purchase 1% of that by 2030 so polluters collectively purchase 1% of that by 2030 and then we'll scale up over you know ramp that up over time the amount that they so collectively purchase 65 million metric tons by 2045 of course the belief is once we've created this market signal then the price of all this comes down everyone knows they can invest in it so this is what we're trying to do gotta pass the senate last year still is sitting in the assembly right now and that's our best guess at how can we actually really create a long-term predictable market for carbon removal let me follow up on that we have seen historically that when there are federal incentives like production tax credit on wind investment tax credit on solar that is essentially a bunch of carrots from the federal government but when there are state mandates like renewable portfolio standard that's a stick you combine the two and then it's bankable you can move much faster if you look at the inflation reduction act is essentially a bunch of carrots there are no sticks in it the only stick is the price and methane right so given the carrots out there what are the different sticks you're thinking of to move the needle on this and how difficult is it to get some sticks well I think that's a perfect analogy for this because what Arun was referring to the renewable portfolio standard which you would look overall has been our greatest source of carbon emission reduction we said okay we're going to have lots of incentives for renewable energy but we're also going to require utilities to purchase an increasing amount of renewables and it was 10% people said no you can't do that and then it was 5 I think 10, 10 then 25 then 33 and then 50 now we've got 60% by 2045 and so again there's that combination of carrots so that's what we're doing with this carbon removal bill and yeah it's really up to us to do regulatory policy in a lot of other areas as well so one of the bills that I've been focused on is 247 clean energy so we know we have lots of renewables during the day how do we make sure that we really incent and have accountability for all load serving entities to get to 247 clean energy and we tried a direct stick approach one day now we actually have a measurement so by 2026 every load serving entity is going to have to report every hour of the day how much energy they use and what percent is clean so again we're going to have good data but I think in a lot of these areas it's that both it's a great point a carrot can be a stick depending on how you wheeled it or how big your carrot is in all seriousness the oil and gas industry has said or at least sectors have said this is our pathway, this is how we want to transition this is the sector we want to be the best at we want to work in carbon removal so someone like Senator Becker comes up and says here it is but it's not just going to be a free for all we're going to have a program there's going to be a regulatory push behind it but it actually took political courage to step up and say yes to that sector and that push because on the other side people are saying in the environmental community or environmental justice community we don't want to work with anyone in the oil and gas industry and anything their money touches is out we don't want it financed by them it's blood money but at some point you've got to find a way through these regulatory programs carbon pricing that then takes that pollution money and puts it into something that's actually doing something the answer can't just be no so brave policy makes with carroty sticks makes people, forces people to come together and think about it and that's when things tend to pass legislatures because if everyone's sort of awkwardly not quite there but realize we've got to do something here that's where sort of room for that political leadership emerges and if you're a more conservative democrat we don't have a ton of republicans in this state but we're sort of the spectrum of democrats but if you're a more conservative democrat you can say okay he's not giving oil and gas what they want but he's at least trying to move their technology or these ideas forward and on the other side you're saying well it's not just a carrot at least there's some polluter pay principle here and so those designs tend to work and then they also can make you feel very lonely so you've got to be intellectually and personally sort of buoyant and courageous so it helps I'll take that to the bank I'll take that to the bank let me ask you this we know that incentives and carrots and sticks are important to move the needle at scale we're talking about scale in California has scale that once you prove it it's a proven model but there's sometimes friction in the system often times in fact I'm dealing with this on the federal government side of trying to build infrastructure the regulatory approval process I know that you're trying to streamline the process of a transmission line building but I think the bill got vetoed so tell us how you're thinking about the role of the legislature for implementation of the policies what new policies need to be developed to streamline and speed this up I'll say the governor stepped up and proposed a number of initiatives last year I took those down and I carried Bill that was the combination of some of them but it was really comprehensive you have to look at, for example we had California had its own endangered species act before the federal act and there were some species on there that weren't on the other and that weren't really endangered anymore so there was a lot of cleanup but there's still a lot of emotion around all of this so none of it is easy and then we did also did lawsuit streamlining because the problem is right now with our Sequa regime that people can sue to stop housing projects also infrastructure and we did some streamlining but really it's really lawsuit streamlining just saying hey if you're going to have a lawsuit it has to be decided in this time frame again so stuff just doesn't expand to be years and years and years we tried a couple other pieces I had a bill as before 20 and Senator Padilla 619 those did get vetoed by the governor and he said hey the PUC is going to be working on these so we're saying okay we'll work with the PUC to have the PUC then step up and do some of the streamlining itself and hopefully that will happen but it's a current it's a it's a constant battle right and that's why we want to also incent more solar close and more renewables close to urban loads but the reality is we are building a lot of it far away from urban loads and we have to work on that transmission infrastructure not to make the stakes too high on a sort of in the weeds question but I honestly think we're undergoing a test in democracies around the world as to whether this form of government can rapidly process industrial change at a pace and scale that's necessary and not abandon those sort of core principles of you know of self-determination of you know sort of bottom up especially in this country and especially in this state local governments having a sort of primacy over basic health and safety police power things like that worrying about you that there's such a direct accountability there and yet what do you do in Shasta when a board of supervisors says we don't like offshore wind or any wind just because it's renewable energy and that's what socialists do and they're going to make a political thing out of a necessary addition to our energy grid or we're trying to add lithium to the mix and we've got the local governments say is bought in and most groups are bought in but one group says well we want to leverage more out of it or we want a better community mitigation package or we're going to sue just to stop it just because we don't like you I think it's a big test especially for those of us who believe so deeply in direct democracy to find smart ways to still build consent right we're not going to do this like China it's just not going to be that way and yet go at the speed and pace we need so the renewable energy build out I think now that CEC is authorized with a lot of centralized authority for citing is going to be a great test of that I also think that you know folks like at the air board when they have so many stakeholders putting pressure on them to say don't do this new project don't do the carbon removal thing don't stick your nose into hydrogen don't try in these spaces I think we in politics need to build especially progressive politics need to build enough durability for our leaders say hey take a chance like take a measure chance and don't go all in and you don't have to buy everything and buy the you know the whatever this industry is telling you is necessary to make the transition but let them try and let's see what they can do and if industry then wants to say no and pump their brakes and say we're taking our toys and go home they can do that but if industry saying well here's a solution let's try it I don't know I don't think we can afford not to take some chances right now so you mentioned China Governor Newsom went to China and despite some of the challenge between Washington DC and Beijing and there's what we do in California obviously has implications internationally we are the fifth largest economy so how do you think about I know you're trying to solve the California problem tell us a little bit about how you're thinking about it from the international impact of this and does that figure into your decision making out here? I mean it's central to how in our office we think about what's next when it comes to climate policy I mean it's why we moved climate disclosure legislation last year and spent three or four years working on it because we saw these accounting standards emerging all over the world around net zero transitions or you know full scope one to three disclosure in Europe in Japan in Hong Kong on their exchanges going up this year in Australia Canada now and yet the US there was this gap there was a leadership gap so when there are chances to do both California first beneficial work and at the same time have these sort of positive export effects that we can do climate diplomacy indirectly through that work and build space for international progress we jump on that I mean those are huge opportunities so I don't think we're going to afford not to go to China I think the governor was incredibly brave and it was such an important mission despite all the challenges and all the things that I hate that that government does I also know we need them and we actually have things to learn from them too and so I don't know I think we can't just like we can't afford say not to deal with the oil and gas sector this fossil fuel transition same thing with the rest of the world we can't just tell ourselves even though we are California elected senators and we have to serve our constituents first if you're doing climate policy and you're not thinking about the rest of the world or even just the region like with electric policy and that we actually are part of a broader grid a broader grid than we let on a broader grid than we allow and actually maybe we could find some economies of scale if we start to regionalize our hard but this crisis demands us to break out of whatever our you know sort of ring fences in our life Senator Baker, any thoughts? I think Senator Stern you know captured it well I would say we do have to engage and I went to Douglas for the first time and you know we we learn from these areas and I think a lot of these I think you know I'm personally hopeful as a Democrat the Democrats have all three bodies of the Federal Congress of Presidency going forward but if we don't again it's going to come back to the state so it's really the stuff that we're putting in place the evidence based best practice from the Nordics and really taking that across leading edge climate states working together California, Washington State, New York Colorado we all have to work together collectively with these evidence based best practices before we go into open question just some quick note Senator Stern what would you tell the Henry Stern that is now there in UC Merced or UC Davis or somewhere in California? We have a legislative aid position open I give you my email and I really need you I really need you Henry, these are great jobs I would love to intern for myself some days I actually do that I'm very affordable for myself though I do a lot of talking points with the knowledge you're gaining here at Stanford you will have the ability to make a lot of money in your life you're touching on the only market that's bigger in the world than energy is money you're in the money do something bold and go try to make not a lot of money for a bit even just for a bit in your life take a few years and try try out just what service feels like and it's an amazing for me my puzzle was always like I want to get access to the room where it's happening and I didn't really care you know I was working for Waxman for I think I made zero dollars on that job in the basement of of Longworth writing those bills and even for Senator Pavley when I was writing her legislation it was never that it was just we're moving a hundred trillion dollar global economy so don't be don't be sort of thrown off when you look at an energy commission job and compare that to a job in New York or the private sector or Silicon Valley even no offense to all my VC friends in the room like I'm not trying to steal your people but we need your people and we need them in government and I think that the pipelines wide open for talent and I would encourage you spend time if not right away in your career spend spend a few years in service you've watched Dr. Majumdar do it he and I have both done it floated in and out of private sector into government give it that time and be free at first it's an easy way to start Senator Becker for the young Josh Becker at Stanford well I'll just add anything Senator Storn capture well I'll say that there is a Stanford JDMBA the young kid is going to come to Sacramento and he's going to be at the belief chief of staff to share a whole shield so we need to really get a lot more Stanford by the way for a while I was the only Stanford grad in the whole legislature I think now there are two in the whole legislature so we really do need to increase that connectivity between Stanford and Sacramento now that the recruiting session has been done I'm going to stand up so that I can see all of you questions from the audience okay yes sir hold on because there are people on online and I'm going to come this direction this direction and then go there Lawrence Berkeley lab and now I want to bring us to Sacramento in particular if you'll indulge us with a little bit of an inside Sacramento advice there's been several legislative efforts for a climate bond in 2024 and I know a lot depends on what the governor wants to do eventually but for those of us who are kind of watching this and feeling like this could be a very important investment for the state what's a sentinel issues are you watching to indicate whether that bond is going to happen like for example may revise numbers something like that is there anything like we should be watching and then the second thing is is there any general advice you have for us who believe that a climate bond in 2024 might be a really good thing for the state thank you I am so grateful for that question the senate bond is mine along with few others here but we've been writing that for years and trying to get it done ten billion dollars is undersized when it comes to a trillion dollar liability over the next two decades right and that's it's at 15 billion right now I think the point is we can't afford not to invest I would say don't watch for indicators I would say advocate right now and I don't think you need to be dissuaded by the current economic climate because in fact in budget years like this when we do have to be lean borrowing is smart and especially at the rates we get as a state like that we will lose money if we don't do this and those of you who can help us make that fiscal case even clearer that it's not actually a cost but it's a cost to do it I think we will be very helpful but I would say don't wait don't watch and don't be intimidated by what Sacramento is and you said may revise no one knows what that is probably in this room but it's the revised budget for the governor after he's put the January proposal out there and I would just say come make a trip and let us know you need it and California is going to be underwater on fire without water you can get all biblical if you want to about it if we don't advocate the legislature also with the governor's team because he's balancing a housing bond an education bond and a climate bond so advocate with the governor's team governor's main that's the main go see Gavin any questions on this side sorry yes over there and I'm going to come to that side hello Arun my name is Jim I'm a Cal I'm Stanford alumni daughter's godfather is a very famous trombone player um two questions you can answer one of them either one of them we have a 68 billion dollar deficit in California how does that impact what we're trying to do with climate change and secondly if the presumptive it appears GOP president that's slated here in 2024 gets elected how does that impact California you said risk involved out here yeah well I'll say we it doesn't happen from my perspective but the good news is you know jigger shaw has done a great job a lot of manufacturing is being built in red states and blue states so hopefully some of that continues at a federal level but at state level obviously it affects us the governor committed we collected we did about a 54 billion dollar climate budget over over five years that's being paired back but it's still about 48 billion over five years are still substantial that's our greenhouse gas funds so that's the thing to keep an eye on we get about 4 billion a year from greenhouse gas funds and at some point that you know capitol has to be reauthorized and so how can we make sure that we get the biggest bang for the buck for that from a climate perspective for that money alright on this side any questions you had the gentleman over here in the picture thanks so much my name is Shane Smith I'm from Pasadena 100 community coalition that's seeking to get to 100% carbon free electric power for the city of Pasadena by 2030 so thanks the room the previous panel was sort of a wash in irony as we listened to utility executives talk about how important rooftop solar was distributed energy resources and how they're going to be there to build a stronger grid and create more infrastructure that they get to charge us for but unfortunately I didn't get to challenge them directly they're just hypocritical type of positioning on the matter but I'm really interested in your perspectives from a policy and legislative perspective in terms of what was going on there I know you're probably acutely aware of the politics how should this room process that it looks like rooftop solar has been gutted by those utilities with the net energy metering policies so what are your thoughts? quick perspective on that and I don't think it's something the legislature actually wrestled with so directly it's an example where you set some general direction and you say come up with just unreasonable rates and rethink this stuff and kick it to the PUC and their job is to be apparently conservative and the most rate protective they can be so they think that they're saving the grid money and you know the fallout that we're going to see though from whatever this quote-unquote market correction is is going to have very human impacts and I don't think they've thought that through and I think it's a messy messy plan right now at best and it's going to hurt people at worst so I think we got challenges but I would say to you in Pasadena though in your own backyard tough calls to be made right so you got big gas plants in your backyard when you're trying to convince your local municipal utility hey come with us here and you go to them with just distributed generation they're going to say well that doesn't meet that 500 megawatts we need at net peak hour so how to win in those conversations and you know win out with those those you feel that are entrenched within the utility world and do the math in a way that you can win even in those municipal energy making decisions I don't know it'll make or break whether that those plants get extended forever I don't know what you guys are going to do but keep at it please we need you down there any thoughts on that no cover it we'll take one more last question over there Tim Hayd from Scale Microgrid so I want to follow up on the implementation question and I think anyone who does this in the state of California knows that the regulatory environment is a bottleneck every time I talk to anyone at the CPUC they say basically like we're overwhelmed right so we're not only in charge of the energy transition but we're in charge of water and ride sharing and autonomous vehicles and all these other things so what's happening in Sacramento to make sure the CPUC has the resources they need to effectively regulate this so we don't run into some of these issues moving forward Senator Becker you want to take a shot you know it's a good question first I want to say because we're going to run out of time and we have to be in Sacramento to vote very shortly so we have to be out on the road 1130 so I'm Josh Becker at scn.ca.gov Henry's Henry Stern scn.ca.gov please reach out to us after this is bill introduction that's really us by the way that's really I email him there yeah other stuff that doesn't get but we're looking at all these issues looking at the transmission looking at a thermal heat and industrial and over the fence rule there's all stuff we're looking at right now tough question answer actually I think Senator Stern might have a better answer I mean it's frustrating for us as well when we have stuff that gets bottlenecked by the PUC and I'm not sure I have great answers I don't I mean I'm the I wrote the microgrid bill whatever five six years ago I've been sitting here waiting waiting waiting waiting and I'm just one legislator I'm not in an entire multi-billion dollar market and people whose power keeps getting shut off every time it's windy and suddenly they can't get their oxygenator to work because their systems not on or the fire station loses power or people's houses burned down so it's like real I'm really frustrated I don't think it's just a capacity thing I do think at some point it's a it's a leadership call and it's about who's appointed and sort of the direction the first question that Arun teed up which is if you're the governor or a leader in this state and you have to balance these issues there's I think there's an inherent judgment in there that like we can't afford we still haven't won that economic argument that this is going to make the grid stronger and at a cheaper rate than otherwise before and I think the same thing with net metering I think the same thing with a lot of you know when we fired up the gas fleet or Diablo like it gets real and it's hard to be a governor and that's who's sort of one step above that PUC and so if we can get it to make those transitions feel safe reliable and affordable and win that it'll be sort of self-fulfilling I think if we can pull it off here we actually will save the world so don't don't dismay don't lose hope on it it's like when we crack these nuts like when we do it it will change everything Senator Stern, Senator Becker thank you for your service thank you let's give them a big round of applause


Today, a youth challenge has been mounted to the way we live, organize and govern ourselves that is much bigger than the UN alone. I would wager that my generation will have the keys seized from us. The UN has to be part of that future or pushed aside by it. I want to suggest, therefore, a manifesto for a repurposed UN that is both true to its charter but recognises the direction the winds are blowing. The protests of a generation cannot be brushed under the COVID carpet much longer. When the UN has touched the stars, that lift has come from civil society, not government. It is a call for the UN to seize the moment at a time of global crisis, to recover its relevance and to drive a new global consensus on tackling our collective weakness that COVID has so cruelly exposed and reinforced. There is a majority out there for a better governed and prepared, more caring and inclusive world, but that same majority has grown terminally impatient with existing institutions. The UN can be part of that failed past or attach itself to an emerging future. Let the campaign begin.


So we do have some ODF product managers here, and I've invited them on stage, even though they're not red hat and engineers, speakers, if you want to come up on stage and if anybody has any questions, we'll have Lenka running around and so appreciative to her for, come on, you're just leaving me up here by myself. Well, you would, you would. I mean, let's talk APIs, I'm just kidding. Okay. Thank you for joining. Okay. I know, Peter. Oh, come on. I know. Let's see. Thank you. Then we'll do a quick round of introductions. If you were a speaker, please join us.  We're almost to the reception. Fabian, I know. Right? Okay. I'm going to pass this around really quick. Now, also, memorize these faces. So as you go through KubeCon, if you want to have some deeper discussions, deep dives, you know who to reach out to. So I'm going to start over here with Michael. Hello, Michael Rivnak. Been in containers for a while. Installation and bare metal are maybe my things. Hey, everyone. My name is Peter Hunt. I mainly work on cryo and sig node and KubeLit things. So anything pod running related? Hey, everybody, Michael McKeon. I work on cloud infrastructure, cluster API, cloud controller managers, that kind of stuff, auto scaling. Hi, my name is Daniel. I'm standing at the edge, which makes a good image because I'm the product manager, OpenShift Edge. That means I cover single node OpenShift, multi node OpenShift, remote worker nodes, if deployed to edge locations and most prominently, micro shift. Yeah, I don't care about it, I'll be a mess. I'm Chris. I'm one of the ODF PMs. And I'm not going to be at KubeCon, so just hit me up now. Hi. I'm David Eads. I currently work as a staff engineer for OpenShift. I spend a lot of my time upstream in Kubernetes for the past eight years or so, probably specialized control plane, auth, etc, integration with OpenShift at sort of whatever level we need. Hello, I'm Augustin. I'm a principal engineer from MAMadeus. I'm currently focusing around the prometo UI, how to improve it. I also created Perces, just repo, not all the code. And yeah, I'm also working on that currently. And we are in close collaboration with Reda to improve it. Hello, my name is Alban from MAMadeus as well. And I'm, let's say, expert on prometo and Thanos topics. Hi, my name is Ricardo Noriega. I'm working on edge computing related topics and micro shift. And hello, I'm Michelangelo Ajo. I also work at edge computing topics in Red Hat. I have a past in hardware development and I think that works really well with edge and I'm trying to make things move there. Karina Angel, OpenShift Foundations and OpenShift Commons. Hello everyone, I'm Vanessa Martini. I am the PM for OpenShift Analytics and Observability UI. So I'm one of the PMs of OpenShift Observability. Hello everyone, this is Naina. I'm the OpenShift Serverless PM and Serverless has Knitif serving for event-driven functions and Serverless logic for workflow orchestration. And you can come and talk to me about other layered products like service mesh, GitOps, pipelines. Hey, I'm Damiano Donati. I am an engineer on the OpenShift class-stream infrastructure team, MAPI, cluster API, control play machine sets, all those things. I'm Joel, I'm the team lead for the class-stream infrastructure team. So all the same stuff as Dam and Mike. I'm Fabian. I'm taking care of Qvert at Red Hat. Yeah, you just heard who I am. Norris, Samo Sanganko, SVA and yeah. Ask me questions if you have any. Peter Golovski, IBM. I'm responsible for architecture overall, the IBM products on running on OpenShift. Any questions? Ask me. Okay, now's your chance and I see Thomas didn't come up here but I'm not gonna call you out. All right, first question. I know you weren't shy earlier. We are really close to the reception though. Right? Okay, what about up here? Are there any questions that you'd like to ask of the audience? I know. Yeah, absolutely. Can I get a raise of hands? How many people here have been cluster admins on something like say at least five node clusters? That is a lot better than I thought. How about total number of clusters? Cluster admins for more than 15 clusters. Oh, still a few. 50? Five zero? All right, still got a few. That's very interesting to me and how many people would call themselves platform extension developers. So someone who's gonna write a CRD, maybe a controller to store some data. All right, look at that. Glad to see all that. If you have questions about that sort of thing or just wanna talk about it, I am very interested afterward and I'll be at the reception. Thank you, David. Also ask him about PKI. Hey, one presentations earlier talked about hyper shift and there's been a lot of talk about how control planes are evolving. So would anybody up there like to talk about that? So hyper shift is being developed by a sister team to ours which I think is why I've taken the mic on this. I know it's coming later in the year for basically a self serve. You can have the dense control planes running as pods on a single cluster and then you just have your workers spinning up to it. We're looking at getting that into Rosa, into ARO and the idea is we save money, right? Like control planes can spin up in minutes rather than the 30 or 40 minutes it takes for an IPI installed today. And yeah, you get much more dense compute custody. They've, yeah, I don't know what you wanna know about hyper shift. I can certainly give you the contact details of the lead and then if you wanna know more I'm sure they're happy to talk. Thanks Joel. All right, any questions? All right. Hi, so specific to like observability I guess. You'd mentioned an observability operator at a pretty high level. Could you talk about any more details for like in this GitHub links? So at the moment it's still working progress but if you get by the Red Hat booth in the next days I can give you a better overview. But definitely we are really putting a lot of focus on that, on the simplification of the data collection part and how you can adjust what you want to collect. So if you will come by I can show you some more details definitely. There's hopefully an easy one for David. You mentioned that the choice of cell was around one of the advantages there was that if a calculation is too expensive you just won't run it. Will that be surfaced as an error? Is there a way, what does that look like? If I have a validation that is that complex what are my roots out of that problem? Right, so we're still looking at that. Admission is at an alpha level so I guess I should back up one level. The first set that I presented was static. It exists inside of a schema in our CRD and those realistically aren't gonna be very complicated in terms of runtime unless you do some really unusual things. And in that case your solution is to look at your prometheus metrics you're gonna see that it's expensive you will get a rejection from the API server and you'll be able to go and say this has to be fixed and if you own the platform extension I can't remember if you raised your hand but if you own the platform extension and you hear that you were too expensive you need to fix it because it's everywhere, right?  And when that happens you get a runtime error as well and we're still looking at the API for that. Do we wanna have an API that says I'm willing to budget this one higher? Maybe. Do we wanna have a flag that says nothing more than this? Maybe. But right now it is set up to give you a runtime error you will be able to see where it comes from and then you'll be able to see it in your metrics and make a decision am I gonna change it or not? There's a question over here Lenka. Thank you. Hi, my name is Felix. I'm more kind of cloud native at the big cloud providers Kubernetes at the moment with my team and we are switching over and searching for new distributions for on-premise operations. So my question is, how would you sell me OpenShift as the best on-premise distribution? Do we have marketing up here? So I would look and say that the roots of Red Hat are on-prem when you compare against other vendors in the area that's actually really valuable. The other thing that we have is we have it all the way down to the OS. So if there's a problem and it's on-prem, we have it. We have worked with people to bring new hardware up to date and say, okay, you need this hardware enabled we can help make that happen. And our linkage to that hardware, the accessibility that we give it to our clusters is really, really good. Whether you're on bare metal whether you're on VMs it works extremely well and it was developed to serve there as opposed to you have an offering that runs on a cloud and now you're trying to fit it in. There could be differences there, right? Is that satisfactory? All right. Oh, sure. I cannot do that because it extends to the whole platform. For example, it starts with AirGap disconnected installations. Have you ever tried to install EKS AirGap? Good luck with that. And we have it just from the runtime platform but also for the management development tooling if you need to develop your solution completely AirGap and we have customers needing to do that all the management aspect if you think about for example advanced cluster management, Quay, ACS all of these can run completely AirGap on-prem but you can also of course connect them to the cloud if needed. If you need to add something just for a couple of weeks more compute power add a cluster in Azure AWS, whatever and add and scale out as needed and that is the beauty that you can mix and match as you need. So on the technical side, as you mentioned also for example on the AirGap side there are different integrations like with the Cloud Control Manager also where you can directly spin up worker machines from vSphere so you see them in your vSphere topology and this developer experience I call it always extends towards the UI so I don't think there is like a holistic offering where you currently have like the UI aspect that you have on the cloud where you can see your applications you can organize them and you also have the technical part and the good thing is usually it's based on open standards so that's also gives you a benefit to use your existing knowledge like Istio or Canada for example or like obviously the GitOps and so on so yeah, that's what I want to add. This one is not marketing at all. Are there any other questions? I would like to follow up on that question on how many OpenShift clusters do you administrate and run? Being the Edge product manager I'm obviously interested in do you have clusters in general? Let's say Kubernetes clusters doesn't have to be OpenShift could be something else don't be shy on that. Do you have clusters at the Edge? Edge being defined as not in your traditional data center not in your cloud somehow restricted in resources like networking, physical size be as generous as you think. So if you have something running at the Edge Kubernetes-based raise your hand please. Sorry, what was that?  Okay, thank you. Thank you.


Hi, my name is Viola Llewellyn and I am the co-founder and president of Avamba Solutions Inc, which is a trade tech company founded by my business partner myself, Marvin Cole and I started the company here in Maryland in 2013. Very excited to be presenting this white paper to the University of Michigan and the Central Bank of the future and it's about the sustainable growth in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper was written by Fanny Fofu, one of my team members and myself and is designed to focus and look at new ways for regarding financial depth and financial inclusion in sub-Saharan Africa and a new approach that involves an inventory centric perspective versus just a customer or SME perspective. In the paper we take a deeper dive into the Central Bank, their policies around monetary policy and its effects on SMEs who are largely excluded from bank services and the role that banks play in accidentally leaving these SMEs out because of the lack of digital infrastructure or alternative finance methods of looking at risk and how to help businesses. In our paper we provide an argument based on our years of beta testing in Cameroon and Ivory Coast, a way in which to create a view of SMEs that puts inventory at the centre, which in our opinion only makes sense in that financial depth is something that is best addressed from the standpoint of that part of GDP that is most active and that is traders, those businesses that are buying and selling something. We also examine the opportunities for helping central banks with policy support, dashboards, digital innovations and data to help them see last-milers and those at the bottom of the pyramid who are actually per capita applying the most of their efforts to supplying the growth required in these economic systems and in these countries. We're really excited about this, we know that it will make a great read, it involves looking at the challenges, the failures and the opportunities for these banks to reduce the non-performing loan portfolios, the management of liquidity and how to help businesses to achieve real growth and the data that comes back to central banks to support the policies that will affect the entire perspective around central, around financial inclusion and financial depth. Again, this paper was written by myself, Viola Lualan and Fanny Fofu, very excited to be providing it and it comes at the end of a long two-year of beta testing different types of transactions and scenarios in sub-Saharan Africa and has produced a commercial product that has proven to reduce non-performing loans by as much as three to four percent in portfolios that are mainly focused on traders, women and other members of Africa's very wide and varied economic landscape. Excited to be doing this, thank you so much, we hope that you enjoy the reading and we look forward to engaging central banks on the policies that we think will best suit their ability to manage the economy. Thank you so much.


After hours of deliberations, the jury has come to its conclusion that the award for the best PR consultant agency of the year 2015 IPRCCA goes to add factor congratulations.


Hello everyone. This is Vishwanath Chauhan, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Valchan Institute of Technology, Solapur. Now I am here to explain the data types and instruction set of 8087. At the end of this session, the students will be able to identify different types of 8087 instructions. Now we will see the different data types of 8087. It is called numeric data processor. So it supports for three different types of data. Integer data type, second one packed BCD data type, third one real data type. We will see the instruction set of 8087. Now this 8087 is called numeric data processor or it has another name which is called math coprocessor. So this 8087 instruction mnemonics it begins with the letter F. This F stands for floating point and which is going to distinguish from 8086 instructions. This 8087 it detects an error condition usually called an exception. When it executing an instruction, it will set the bid in its status register. So there are different type of instructions. First one data transfer instructions, second one arithmetic instructions, third one compare instructions. We will see the first two data and arithmetic instructions. Real transfer, the example FLD load real, FST store the real, FSTP store real and POP, FXCH exchange registers. We will see all these real transfer instructions with more detail one by one. Real transfer, FLD source. So this instruction it decrements the stack pointer by one and copies a real number from a stack element or memory location into a new location which is called ST. For example, FLD ST into bracket 3 which copies ST of 3 to ST. That is from the stack it will pick from location ST of 3 and stores into new location which is called ST. FLD long real into bracket BX. The number from a memory copied into ST. So the memory location is the long real into bracket BX. So from this effective address the data will be copied into ST location, FST destination. It copies the content ST to a specified stack position or to a specified memory location. It is exactly reverse as that of FLD source. Example FST ST of 2. It copies the content of ST to ST of 2 and increments stack pointer by one. Second example, FST short real into bracket B of X. So it will copy the content of ST to a memory at a location ST of real BX. We will continue for next instruction which is called FXCH destination. So it will exchange the content of ST with the content of specified stack element. FXCH ST of 5. So it will swap the content of ST of 5 and ST. Now second type integer transfer. Here FILD load integer, FIS3 store integer, FIS3P store integer and POP. We will see all these more detail one by one. FILD source. So it will load integer, convert integer number from memory to temporary real format and push on 8087 strand. Second FILD D word PTR into bracket BX. Short integer from memory at B of X. FIS3 destination integer store. It will convert number from ST to integer and copy to memory. FIS3 long int. So the memory location ST to memory location name long int will be copied. Now we will focus on arithmetic instructions like addition, subtraction and multiplication. First addition FADD add real, FADD add real and POP, FIADD add int teacher. We will see more detail one by one. FADD ST of 3, ST. It will add the content of ST to ST of 3 and the result will be stored in memory location ST of 3. FADD ST comma ST of 4. It will add ST of 4 to ST and this result will be stored in ST. Here this is the location of destination. The result will be stored in this position. Next FADD it will add ST plus ST of 1 and the POP strike result at ST. Next FADD P ST of 1. It will add ST of 1 to ST and increment strike pointer to ST of 1 become ST. So think about this question and write the answer. FLD ST of 2 is which type of instruction it is and what it does. Pause this video and write down the answer. I hope you have written the answer. The answer is FLD ST of 2 which copies ST of 2 to ST. Decrement this type pointer by 1 and copies a real number from a strike element or memory location to a new ST. Next type of arithmetic instruction which is subtraction. FSUB subtract real. FSUB P subtract real and POP. FISUB subtract real. FSUB ST of 2 ST. ST of 2 is equal to ST of 2 minus ST. Then FSUB ST is equal to ST of 1 minus ST. FSUB P subtract ST from specified strike element and put result in specified strike element and decrement the pointer by 1. FSUB P ST of 1. ST of 1 minus ST. So ST of 1 becomes new ST. The last one multiplication. FMUL multiply real. FMUL P multiply real and POP. F5MUL multiply integer. These are the references. Thank you.


This week's Eye on MPI is brought to you by DigiKey and it's from TDK. That's right. TDK makes some cool sensors, checking out what the latest new products are from DigiKey and I saw this nice sensor and I thought I would show it off. It is the TDK AVD differential pressure module and what I like about this is I love my sensors but sensors are kind of a pain to use sometimes and tough to mount and tough to interface with and what I liked is this is a really all-in-one ready-to-go like board mountable module that makes it very, very easy if you want to add differential pressure sensing to your product or project and you just don't want to deal with spinning up a board. You want something ready to go with I squared C for really quick integration. So this is the series, the part number is quite long but it's I called the AVD series. So these are differential pressure sensors so what would you want differential pressure sensing for? Well normally we show off non-differential pressure sensors and those are of course good for just of course if you are trying to measure pressure in a cavity, they're good, they're also good for determining altitude and how far you've moved up and down because pressure changes the altitude and you can, if you subtract the C level pressure you can determine how high up you are so they're used for drones and robotics watches that tell you how many steps you've taken, stuff like that. Differential pressure sensors are different, these tend to be used for industrial equipment and in specific a very common example is you have a HVAC system and the HVAC system has a filter, chances are you have an HVAC system and there's a filter in it and the filter keeps dust out of the HVAC so it keeps the HVAC motor from getting clogged with dirt and of course keeps your air clean too, it's a nice filter for your air but the filter gets clogged up with dirt and dust and then the HVAC has to work harder and harder and harder to push air through the filter and you're supposed to like check your filter every six months and you know like yeah sure but one you could forget or second maybe you have a building that's so large that it's hard to check the filters all the time. Well a differential pressure sensor you'd put each prong on one of the sides of the filter and you would notice that the pressure would be much higher on the side that's trying to push the air through the filter and that differential is what is making it difficult for the HVAC system to work. Once it triggers past a certain pressure threshold maybe you would send an SMS or maybe it would you know turn on LED or turn on alarm telling you hey it's time to change the filter so it's the common use for differential pressure sensors sometimes it could also be used for telling how much liquid is in a vat you know by measuring the differential pressure from inside or outside you know enclosed vat but yeah basically that's what it's used for a lot of industrial measurements not necessarily for altitude measurements. So this sensor like I said what's very nice is that it has I squared C data out you basically don't even have a register map you just read four bytes from it and it just spits out the data and just to shift the data around there's a little algorithm that tells you how to multiply it out and title linearize it. There's two connectors so you don't need to solder their JST SH5 pin connectors there's an interrupt telling you when data is ready I didn't use that I just connected up ground power clock and data and wired up 200 we know wrote the code for the algorithm on the right and it just worked it was actually pretty sweet here's the code and I'll show the demo on the overhead but you can see it's very short a lot of it's just shifting a couple things doing a few multiplies and out spits out the temperature and pressure. Since it's differential you'll have to determine like what is the max pressure difference you're going to have in your system this comes in three types oh can you expand it so I can read it because I think it's yeah two ten sorry on the right it says 16 sorry 1.6 kilo Pascal's 10 kilo Pascal's and 700 kilo Pascal's so depending on the pressures you're measuring you'll pick different ranges to get the most accuracy and precision. What I like about this sensor is it's again it's a module especially if you want to like install this in some sort of HVAC filter system and then run the cable for data to someplace else it's also daisy chainable if you want to have multiple sensors you can do that but it's ready to go it's a kind of a fully integrated slim module that's that can be you know it's injection mold and ready to be installed into your whatever measurement system you've got there's also a step 3d model and it's nice it's even got all the coloring for the module and all that and best of all it's in stock so let's show the demo real fast I just put together it was such an it was like so easy took me less than an hour to do this I've just got my little microcontroller set up here let me focus lock okay I got the OLED and this is differential so remember it's not doing the absolute pressure it's doing the pressure difference between the two prongs that's why you see it's zero but if I if I plug up one you'll see it's going to negative pressure and if I plug the other one it goes into positive pressure this is not calibrated I can basically just got the data out and this is what popped out but it was very easy to wire it up I just connected it through I scored C verified the address read the data and then calculated out here's one quick question is it precise enough for a p-tot tube it's 14 bits of data I don't know off top my hand what the pressure differentials offer a p-tot tube because I've never flown before but pilots out there if any of you know popping the chat and say what what the differential pressure is but it's quite good I mean this is this is basically a lot of people use analog differential pressure sensors and you can use them but they're kind of a pain to use and again if you want to integrate this with something like a single board Linux computer like a Raspberry Pi that you can't buy I scored C will just work whereas with analog it's like suddenly you're getting into like okay you have to have an analog front end and you have to do the calculations and there's more wiring this is very plug-and-play like you know no external components required okay and that is this week's eye on MPI


The proposed breast ultrasound image-based assisted diagnosis method based on convolutional neural networks improves the diagnostic speed and early screening rate of breast cancer by identifying tumor location in size using attention-based semantic segmentation, cropping identified nodules to construct a training dataset, and training a convolutional neural network for benign malignant breast nodule diagnosis. The system provides a valuable aid for the ultrasonic diagnosis of breast cancer and is superior to junior doctor's diagnostic performance. This article was authored by Lei Yong, Baichuan Zhang, Fei Ren, and others.


which is our language and cultural revitalization camp north of Elliot Lake. When I think about the question that's being asked, which is, what would we like to be passed down to the next generation? I always think about our language and our ways of being on the land. Right now the globalization of western education or colonial education is not able to produce a sustainable economy. Right now it's completely absorbed in the end into resource extraction. And so people are getting educated to be able to participate into consumerism into the global market of plastic and fossil fuels. And I think that it's really important that the sustainable economies that indigenous people had, I believe they need to come back. And nothing could be more important during a massive worldwide ecological collapse. And so when I think about our education, I think that indigenous education is really critical at this time. And I also believe that this indigenous education can provide help and stewardship, for society, during climate change. And so with that being said, I think it's really critical that land-based education in the language be shown to our children. I think the land has laws that apply to everybody. And I think that this education needs to apply to a lot of different people on our lands. To say that this education is only for Native people, I don't agree with that. I think that all of society can benefit from the high discipline of Anishinaabic education. And that education was talked about in the treaties. You know, they always said, don't dig deeper than a hand-width. Don't dig deeper than the width of a shovel. Don't dig deeper than what it takes to plant your potatoes. They always said that during treaty. And what they were saying was, is that there is laws on how to live here on this land. Generosity, offerings, don't dig deeper than a shovel. Respect, you know, always protect the waterways. Those things were always talked about in treaty. And the British version of treaty does not talk about any of those things. Only resource extraction. And so I think that there needs to be a huge education on the discipline of how to live here on these lands. It's just simply not good enough to say that this is our information. And that we need to assert this sort of education throughout our territories. Because our whole survival depends on whether we get this right or not. And unfortunately the globalization of Western education has not been able to produce a sustainable economy where ecosystems are left the same way that they're found. It has not been able to produce that. And right now the scientific world is freaking out because they're saying the indigenous people and their knowledge systems had it right. And we blew it. And I think that's something that we all need to get back to. There's no question in my mind. The serpents, the thunderbirds, all the teachings about respecting that great power in the ground in the sky. It was real. It is real. And now we're seeing the impacts of pushing that education aside and following another way. And I remember years ago I heard a story about Nanabuzhu. And they said that Nanabuzhu left because we chose the white man way. So Nanabuzhu said, fine, if you want to learn, if you want the white man way, I'm going to go. And they say that Nanabuzhu left to the east somewhere. But Nanabuzhu said, but one day you're going to know what gives you through away. The canoe, the wigwam, the snowshoe, the paddle, the fire, the flint. All of those gifts that I gave you, all of the lakes, all of the mountains, all of these things that I gave you, you're going to know how valuable it was and you're going to want it back. And I'll be here for you. That's what Nanabuzhu said. So he left. And of course, people wanted to find him. And he was in a cave with his grandma. Ten medicine men fasted to try to find him. And through their fasting, they knew where to go. From Baating, from Susein Marie, it was a two-day walk east. And he was in a cave. When they found him, the one man, he got greedy with Nanabuzhu's power and said, Nanabuzhu, I just want one thing. I want to live to be forever. Nanabuzhu said, okay, you'll live to be forever. Picked up some dirt and threw it at him. When that dirt hit him, he turned into a black stone. He hit the ground. Nanabuzhu said, there, you'll live forever now. The other nine medicine men were very careful. He said, what we want is our old ways back. Nanabuzhu said, I know. I know you want them back. But what you can do is have my, take my daughter with you. My daughter will show you things and in time I'll come back. But whatever you're to do, nobody's to bother my daughter. Nobody. If she wants a man, she'll get a man herself. And so they knew they were being tested. They couldn't even look at her the wrong way. So anyways, they started to leave. And she was going to show them everything, all the songs, everything. And one man looked at her the wrong way. And when they woke up in the morning, she was gone. They say that that really happened a long time ago. And I think about that now. You know, we have to be ready. We have to be spiritually strong. We have to be prepared for what's coming. We can't continue to live in this fantasy that everything is hunky-dory because it's not.  How important are those teachings? How important is that education, that wigwam, that canoe? The wigwam was a perfect example of how to live here. Our people lived in a wigwam for thousands and thousands of years. The design never changed because it was absolutely perfect. Even the way the poles were set up, they were aligned with certain stars. Our people were so connected to everything. It was the most beautiful life. They didn't have to change it because it was a superior design. It was all coated with the movements of the celestial world. That gave us critical knowledge on how to live here. The canoe was a perfect design. It kept people healthy. It kept people close to the water. It kept people engaged in the teachings of the land. It kept people connected with all the spirits, the mimigwesuak, the binabekweak, the paesak. It kept people connected with all the land, all the time. And the education that we'd receive on those waters was absolutely critical for our survival. How important is that canoe? It's so important. So when I think about what can we leave our next generation, we can leave them that knowledge. We have to disengage from society, from capitalistic society. We have to go back to our own ways, our own teachings. Because they say, we're going to go back. This isn't forever. They say that one day we're going to go back to those lodges, back to the wigwams, back to the canoe. They say that one day we're going to live like how we used to live. The elders always said that one day we're going to have to go back so you have to start preparing.  Climate's already two degrees above normal. When do we go back? We go back now. This is the time. This is the time now. The world is suffering a massive ecological collapse. And our children are being funneled into the colonial system. Either by CES, either by education, either by economics, by the Indian Act, everybody's off the land. The whole lands have been cleaned of Indians. The Indian Act is working. And a free-for-all resource extraction is taking place. And it's making things worse. So in my mind, it's like, we need to go back. We have to start getting our children back on the land as much as we can. We have to become what they call the Indian problem. And we have to start reintroducing ourselves back to our old ways. And the language is an amazing instrument to get it all back because everything is coded in the language. And so the ecological code on how to live here in these lands is in the language. And I think that's absolutely critical that we do that. That we start getting our young people back out there so that they can be a part of that spiritual blanket that exists out there. I think it would be very, very treacherous if we continue this path of the white men. Our ways, our traditional ways, our spiritual ways, our ways on the land should never ever be compromised again by a lie or a promise that they're something better. There's nothing better than our ways for us. For us in Ishnabeg, our ways are the best. They're the highest form of discipline and education that we have. For us, it's the best. For us to think that we're going to achieve success this other way is not true. It ended up being false. But this was all part of the prophecies. So I think it's important that our young people learn these prophecies, learn these stories, learn where these spots are, where they're talking about in these stories. And they really get educated on how to survive. That's critical. Land-based education, sustainable economy, where we only take what we need. Getting back to the land is essential for our survival. So one thing that I've really noticed is that our communities are divided. They're divided by many different reasons. But I think it's critical that we look past our differences and we look at our similarities. We build each other's strengths up, that we're tolerant with each other, that we don't engage in gossip and lies, all of those things that our elders talk about. That's really important. And that we really focus on building our own traditional structures back together again. Which is, of course, our ways of being with each other, respect, bravery, courage, our teachings. The seven grandfather teachings, but to really put them into practice and to live them and to don't say bad things about each other. That's really important. I think there is a high level of respect in order for our tribes to maintain themselves in these harsh environments. You can already tell there would be no room for gossip, for lies, there'd be no room for violence. They had to be a well-oiled working machine to survive in these elements. That's going to be critical for our survival in the future, is that we have to maintain that sort of integrity with each other and with our people. And, you know, if we're going to survive, then that's something that's probably going to be required, is the utmost respect for one another. And during the prophecies, they say that. They say that in years to come, people are going to turn into cannibals and that our people, some of them will turn into cannibals too. But there'll be those that do not engage in that. And they're going to be good-hearted people and that they're going to find a better way and that we can engage in that. And so where I come from, there's a place called Nipki-Azbekong Thunder Mountain and that's one of the prophecies that they say about there. That when the people turn into cannibals, we'll go back to that mountain and we'll build our lodges again and we'll be safe. They say there's going to be rows of wigwams there and the cannibals won't bother the people there. That's what I heard. That's what the old people used to say.  So I think about those things. So if I was to give a message about the future, respect, that's probably our greatest medicine for each other. We have to get it right. We have to really, really strive hard. And the thing is we're all products of the residential schools. We're all products of the dysfunction right now. So we have to try to navigate our way out of it into something better. Like I was only five years old when I was taken away by Indian agents. Same with my brothers. And the impacts on my family have been really, really great because of residential schools, because of abuse, violence. Our family's never been really a family ever since that happened. But I think that when we keep trying, when I think that when we keep building each other up and we just do not engage into a lot of the bad stuff that's happening and when we focus on the good things, then really great things happen. And you know what? It doesn't take long to turn it around. The good old power is the bad in a very strong way and it's quick. I believe that. I believe what we're going through right now is not going to last forever. That things are going to get better for our people. But we have to really make that conscious decision to be better, to do better, to treat each other better. And not to talk bad about each other. I think that's really important. I think that's probably one of the most key essential teachings that we have for our survival in the forest. If we can't work together, we will die. It's that simple. And so I think that we have a great responsibility to the lands and waters. Because our culture tells us that we're one with the land. That we are the land. And that our life is a ceremony. It's a gift. And part of that gift is the responsibility to make sure that we left it the same way we found it. And to protect our animals. To protect our plants. To protect our skies so that future generations can have that good medicine too.  I don't think we can go wrong by doing that. I think that there's such a wealth of knowledge in a raspberry bush, in a lily pond. There's so much knowledge in just the little biospheres and ecosystems in our region. There's incredible wealth of knowledge and education in that. And so I think that for us to survive, we have to know what that is. That's the basic fundamental principle of who we are is that land, those waters, those animals. Our whole governance system is based on it. Our whole governance system was based on the animals and the knowledge that they had. And so our lodges, our ceremonies, our ways of being on the land is really, really important. It's important for everyone so that we can understand what those natural laws are. And I think that for me, if I was to think ahead and tell future generations what to do, I mean, I would suggest that.  Not colonial systems, not Indian Act, not even treaty. It's even before that. Who are we really as Indigenous people? We're people of the earth. And we need warriors. We need people to stand up and protect our communities, our water, our lands, our animals. And I really believe that when you protect something, that it's not necessarily fighting either. I think there's more power in being for something than there is against something. You know, if you're for flowers and for butterflies and birds, it's more powerful than being against the Indian Act or being against the pipeline. When you're for the lands and waters, you invite everybody to be a part of it. But when you're fighting against something, nobody's going to want to participate. But when you're for something, that's when real change happens. Because everybody can be a part of it. So I believe that the real fight that we have is with our own selves. And if we really want to protect something, then we love that whatever it is we're trying to protect. And there's not a stronger force than that. That's what I think. They say that our people are going to have to know where all the caves are to survive. They're going to have to know the locations of those caves. And also, they need to know who lives there. In our Nishnabe ways, we know that the Meme Gweisiwak live in the rocks. We know serpents have tunnels that go down. They live in those indents at the bottom. We know that mermaids live down there too. And that's really important for us to know, because for thousands of years, our people made petition to those sacred spirits so that we could live a life of balance here on Earth. And so, before they continue, that's really important to know. When I was younger, I learned from a elaborate tunnel system where the serpents lived. There's this place. It was called Jiginabek Gamin. There's an old serpent that lives there, at that lake. And that old serpent, in the springtime, it goes up the Serpent River in the travels to the mouth of the river. And there's a tunnel there. That tunnel, it comes up at a place called Zaadwat. Then that tunnel goes down again. It comes up at Ginnabek Guk Shibiga Ijwat. Then that tunnel goes down again. It comes up at Mende Gweisiwak. Then that tunnel goes down. It comes up at Ginnabek Nihachin. Then it goes down. It comes up at another place, Ginnabek Shibiga Ijwat, which sounds like the other name, but it's different. Then it goes down. It comes up at Shkodin. Then it goes to a Sunni swassening. That tunnel goes all over the place. Our people knew where the tunnel comes up. And that's where they went fast. They always fasted there. And so, if you know that tunnel system, then you'll know where to go during the hardest times. And that's when our people would make petitions to those water beings during times of starvation, sickness, war, whatever. That's when we went there and fasted. That's why all those pictures are painted at those sites. That's why they told the white man when they came here, don't dig deeper than the depth of a plow. The white man wanted that power for themselves, so they dug that power up and looked what happened. They said that power is not for us. It's too powerful for humans. The white man didn't listen. They wanted that for themselves. And look what happened. So as Anishinaabe people, we remain close to those things. And they say all those spots, Mendegueasen, the place of the gift, that very special, sacred rock where that serpent lives, that lives underneath in a tunnel in the water, in a cave. Education. That's what the old people always said. If you want to get educated, go sit there. That's how you'll know something. And that would be my message to future generations. Aho, miigwech.


Today on Fort Report, we're going to talk about grease, my favorite musical of all time.   Hoo, hoo, hoo, honey. The one that I want.  Hoo, hoo, hoo. The one I need. All I need. Oh, yes indeed. Yes indeed.   Hoo, hoo, hoo, honey. Oils and grease come from meats, butters and margarine, lard, food scraps, sauces, salad dressings, dairy products and cooking oil. When grease goes down the drain, it hardens and causes sewer pipes to clog. This can lead to a sanitary sewer overflow where raw sewage actually backs up into your home. Don't pour your Thanksgiving grease down the drain. When you have finished cooking, collect liquid grease and oils in a sealable container and take it to the Environmental Collection Center to be recycled. For more information, visit ceasethegreaseintexas.com. Here's a look at other events happening in and around Fort Worth in the next few weeks. For a list of more events in city meetings, you can always check out the calendar at the city's website.


So here is one easy way you can feel super productive as a student in school. The first thing is going to be doing something for your retention that is going to move the needle full. So maybe it's reading the next chapter, going through your flashcards or doing a study technique that you know at the end of the day you just have hard time to stay motivated to. So you get it done at the start of the day, you're already going to have a win. The second thing is to do something for yourself that you've just been wishing you had more time for. Maybe it's exercise, maybe it's reading a book, maybe it's learning a new skill, try to pair it and doing after that study technique or that study session. And now within the first few hours of the day, you've gotten something academically done as well as something for yourself. Regardless of how the rest of the day goes, you're going to say, this day was a win. I got to take care of myself. I also got done with my study. Doesn't matter if I gotten more done throughout the day, just going to be cherry on top of the ice cream. If you enjoyed that tip and you want more of where that came from, make sure you check down below how to get access to our free med school success handbook for more tips and strategies just like this one. If you enjoyed this video, make sure you hit that like, subscribe and follow for more content just like this.


Andrea Trotsky here. So I've been a dental professional since 2005. So I have cleaned my fair share of teeth. I have cleaned many, many people, and now I have my own mobile dental hygiene practice. And I see this in my own practice too. So you might be wondering, so why do I know somebody who has super nice teeth, but they hardly brush, they don't use mouthwash, they get their teeth cleaned every couple years, but they don't have cavities? And then you might know somebody else who goes to their dentist and sees their dental hygienists for teeth cleanings every three months. They brush twice a day. They do everything they're supposed to do, but they still get cavities. How is that fair? And how does that work? So that's not always the case, but think about it this way. The best thing to do for your teeth is to eat well, like try to limit sugars because any sugars, any sugar in the teeth can easily cause cavities, unfortunately.  If you're not brushing, then that plaque stays on the teeth. And what is plaque? Plac is bacteria, and bacteria can start to eat through the tooth causing thin enamel, causing cavities, and causing pain, right? So not very good things there. And you also need to floss. You'll floss every day because if you don't, then that plaque and tartar can stay in between the teeth. I personally like to use the water flosser, which I can leave a link for you guys down below here. I purchased mine from Amazon. It's not expensive, depending on if there's a sale, but maybe $30 to $40. And I use that to clean in between my teeth, use a mouthwash, again, limit sugars if you can, and you're fine. Like, these are what we like to see. But going back to what I was saying before, you might know somebody like that, but then every time they get their teeth checked, they have a cavity. Why is that? Some people just have more of that bad bacteria in your mouth. We have good bacteria, and we have bad bacteria. Even our saliva can either help us or it can hinder us. So if somebody doesn't brush very well, they're not eating right, you know, they eat a lot of sugar, but they never get cavities. It could be because they have very healthy saliva. They are very lucky. Their saliva in their mouth is constantly cleansing their mouth to rid away from any cavities. Or if somebody gets a cavity every time they turn around, it could be because they have more of that bad bacteria. So that saliva is literally eating through their teeth. Now I tell people who have more of that bad bacteria, the best thing to do is to get a really good toothpaste, a good toothpaste that is going to protect the teeth. You will notice you're getting less cavities.  A good toothpaste, you guys, can go a long way. You want a toothpaste with sodium fluoride. That is going to help to protect the teeth. If you want to take it a step further, then you want xylitol as well. What xylitol does is that helps to help the pH in your mouth not be as acidic. If your pH is too acidic, you have more bad bacteria. The saliva is not really working for you. But with the right toothpaste with xylitol and sodium fluoride in there, it can just make the mouth healthier.  So definitely try that.  You could just be lucky if you brush every couple of days. You have no cavities. You eat a lot of sugar. You could just be lucky, trust me. But things can always turn around. You might be lucky now, but then in two years, you're getting cavities everywhere and you're going to wonder why. So that's just a little recap for you guys on what can happen. There's good bacteria in the mouth. There's bad bacteria. Some of us are just lucky. Some of us brush, do everything we can, but we still get cavities. Some of us do nothing, and I mean, I see it too. As a mobile dental hygienist, I see clients where I actually tell them, like, your mouth looks pretty good. And then they tell me, oh, I'm surprised because I brush maybe every other day and I'm thinking, really, oh my goodness, that's crazy. They just have a very healthy mouth, good saliva. But then I have other patients who work so hard. I need to clean their teeth every three months because there's so much plaque there. There's so much tartar there, but they brush twice a day. They do everything they can, but switching them to a proper toothpaste makes a big, big difference. It helps to protect their teeth. If their teeth are protected, it means less plaque, less tartar, a happier hygienist, a happier patient, everybody's happy. So I hope this video helps you guys. Let me know if any questions. Feel free to comment, and I'll see you guys in the next one.