I simply have no idea why Christians don't understand this. There is no way that you can overestimate and certainly do you ever want to underestimate the importance of the blood. I don't know why Christians neglect to think about this. We think about Jesus Christ dying. We think about him on the cross. Let's just be clear. There are a lot of people that have died. A lot of people have also been on the cross. None have ever shed their blood for us and it's this blood that makes the whole thing important. The blood is what makes our salvation secure. It's the only way we have salvation. Remember God is one that tells us how important the blood is. Let's start in Genesis 9 verse 4. He says only you shall not eat flesh with this life that is the blood. The blood is the life of the flesh. Without blood there is no life. Surely I will require your life blood. From every beast I will require it and from every man. In other words the importance of the blood cannot be overstated. He says from every man's brother I will require the life of the man and so understand the life of a man is the blood and so what's required for us for salvation our life but not just us dying but really the shed blood and how are we purchased how are we saved by that very same blood. Remember under the old covenant in the Old Testament for the day of atonement what was required. It had to be this shedding of blood and then God would accept it. Blood is vitally important. I know it might sound kind of gory and and for some people might turn their stomach but listen this is what God requires and how we are saved. God determines what his price is going to be. God is the offended party and he has determined that blood will be the payment. Now maybe you or I would have chose something else. Maybe we've chose money maybe we chose something else but he chose the offended party that being God chose that it would be blood and the thing is our blood is insufficient. As a matter of fact so too is the blood of bulls and goats. However in this system then the blood of bulls and goats was sufficient but it could never take away sins. What it would do though was was offer a temporary atonement. You would be justified for one year temporarily and you would have to go through this same ceremony year after year after year and if you trust that God accepts it and he does then you shall be saved. So it's the faith in the payment to satisfy God. Understand this is important. God's payment is satisfied by the blood. You trust that God accepts what he asks for because it would make any sense that if God says to give me this as payment and then it was given to him and he says you know what never mind on second thought I don't want that. God is not like us in terms that he's going to change his mind or move the goalpost. No God is determined that blood would be what pays the cost. The problem is though that this is something that requires a yearly sacrifice and so what we don't see is God's remedy for that. In Leviticus 17 it comes before I love covering this passage because it's so vitally important and too few people go to this passage and recognize this for our salvation. He says for the life of the flesh is in the blood. We've covered that in Genesis nine and I have given it to you on the altar to make atonement for your souls. For it is the blood by reason of the life that makes atonement. So he's saying it's the blood that makes atonement. Real quickly though what is atonement? It's kind of three things you need to remember about the atonement. There's this covering, this canceling that brings about a reconciliation. The covering the blood covers it, the blood cancels it and it brings about a reconciliation. What do I mean by covering canceling? Well the covering means that the sin is no longer there before us and so remember the day of atonement that this scapegoat would have all the sins confessed on the head of the scapegoat and then sent away. So therefore the sins are no longer in the camp before the Lord. The canceling is brought about by the blood. The blood is a payment. It cancels a debt. Then after that you can have this reconciliation. If you trust, if you have faith in that then that's what happens. Now so going back to Leviticus 17, notice what he says. He says the life of the flesh is in the blood and he says I have given it. We've covered before this Hebrew word. There's two words wa ani and wa ani I and the natatine I have given. So it literally says I I have given. Why the I I have given when in Hebrew you just simply said the natatine simply say the I have given but you give the I to give emphasis to say who it is that's given. So he's saying I myself am giving and we understand this to be that he is the one that's supplying the blood but he didn't have blood. Well that would be strange if that's the case if God didn't have blood because if we go to Acts 2028 notice what he says. Speaking to the to the shepherd he says be on guard for yourselves and for all the flock among which the Holy Spirit has made you overseas. See yours and here it is to shepherd the church of God which he purchased with his own blood.  So here we have Paul saying that the flock was purchased by God's own blood. How is it possible that God can have blood and I'm not making this up again. It says the the church of God which he purchased with his own blood and we know the Bible tells us in Hebrews 10 5 speaking of Jesus that he prepared a body for him sacrificing offerings he did not desire but a body he prepared why to shed this blood the payment that is required. I simply do not understand why people neglect the efficiency and the efficacy of his blood. What I mean by that is to think that God requires a debt. The debt is paid and then you place your faith in that and there and there is reconciliation. So there's a covering a canceling and a reconciliation and then someone would have the audacity the unmitigated gall to come back and say that the blood that was paid the redemption that was given for us all is insufficient. There's a reason why Paul makes this statement in Colossians 2 14 he says having canceled out the certificate of debt consisting of decrees against us which was hostile to us he has taken it out of the way taking taking what out of the way these decrees that were against us this debt it's gone away has he has taken it out of the way having nailed it to the cross. So what cross what Christ did on the cross was to nail that debt to the cross there is no longer a debt for those that have placed their faith in Christ there is no longer a debt. So when someone comes back and says and yes I'm going there then you can be saved today and not be saved tomorrow that means that there is now incurred a debt that's the only way you don't make it to heaven if you find yourself in hell it's because there is a debt an outstanding debt between you and God though it's been paid you haven't taken advantage of it you have not placed your faith in Christ that's the whole point and Paul is saying this debt has been canceled whatever decrees that were against us he says that he has wiped them out of the way having nailed them to the cross Paul also says in Ephesians 1.70 he says in him we have redemption through his blood the forgiveness of our trespasses according to the riches of grace and notice this isn't just a general generic redemption the reason why it has this apah prefix to it it is a redemption it means for us to be redeemed never to be enslaved again and so it says in him we have this very same redemption as Apollotrosan through his blood the importance of his blood the forgiveness of our sin which says which he lavished on us in all wisdom and insight now I understand this there's even more to this story just so someone would want to say that this was temporary no because again notice how the debt was paid Paul says that in him verse 13 you also after listening to the message of truth that is the gospel of your salvation having also believed so we have believed and notice that this is a participle of believing and so us being believing ones you were what past tense sealed in him with the Holy Spirit of promise and that's what he says speaking of a debt this financial transactions if you will who is given as a pledge of our inheritance in view of the redemption and there it is again this apollotrosan in view of the redemption that was given because of the blood but it's important to see what's said here notice what he says he says that this pledge that was given this our bond our bond is an earnest money deposit God gave this deposit well what's the deposit that was given the Holy Spirit and when you put down a deposit there's an expectation to receive what the deposit is for somebody's going to come back and say and this is the problem that I have a lot of people when they come back and say all of us can forfeit a deposit we can put a positive down on a house we can put a deposit down on a rental car we can put a deposit down on anything but it's up to us to make sure that's fulfilled I get that point but notice who we're talking about and who we who it is that we're cheapening we're saying that God has given this our bond this deposit what's the deposit the deposit is the Holy Spirit think about that in order for someone to come back and say that the deposit can be forfeited we're talking about the Holy Spirit being forfeited as the deposit also is God that gives it and this was done why because as we read it by the blood this blood allows for this deposit to happen and is God that does so and he says he is given as a pledge of our inheritance in view to the redemption of God's own possessions in other words we are going to have this no matter what anyone wants to tell you you are going to have this salvation because of your faith brought by the payment of blood whereby we have been given this our bond this deposit of the Holy Spirit in us by God who is going to come back and say that it's going to be forfeited remember again the bible tells us that the debt is paid I wish people would stop cheapening the blood ultimately that's what you're doing if you think that Jesus paid the price he shed his blood on the cross he nailed a debt God accepted the debt and now it's up to you to maintain all of this is now it's up to you to make sure that there's no more debt incurred question who is going to require a debt against you remember Paul says it's God who justifies who is going to bring a charge against you is God who justifies in other words who cares what anyone says no even what you say God is the one who justifies how does he justify because the debt is paid just be justified means that you are declared right you're in right standing and treated as such maybe not by other people but certainly by God the debt has been nailed so the question is where would this new debt come from and if the debt that Christ gave was a sufficient to cover that payment if the debt that Christ paid on the cross if his blood was insufficient to cover your future debts well where's this new debt this new payment going to come from there's a reason why the writer of Hebrews is trying to comfort these Jews who understand the day of atonement who believe that you have to do this over and over and over and over again year after year after year which is why he says listen guys it's not the same understand that the blood that was given by Christ is not the same as the blood that was given then that blood of bulls and goats is insufficient not this but look what he says but when Christ appeared as a high priest of the good things to come he entered through the greater and more perfect tabernacle not made with hands that is to say not of this creation and look what he says here it is and not through the blood of goats and calves but through his own blood he entered the holy place once for all having obtained eternal redemption look what he just said and even look at the tense of the birth he says he did it once for all with his own blood doing what having obtained guys this is past tense eternal redemption so he obtained for us eternal redemption he could not have obtained it if we could then lose it and it would not be eternal redemption if we could also lose it this redemption is complete for if the blood of bulls and goats and the ash of heifer sprinkling those who have been defiled sanctified for the cleansing of the flesh how much more will the blood of Christ so if in that sense under the old covenant if the bloods of bulls if the blood of bulls and goats would do this how much more would Christ blood the blood of bulls and goat was good for one year was temporary are we're going to say the blood of Christ is the same thing it's only good temporarily who through verse 14 completing it through the eternal spirit offered himself without blemish to God cleanses your conscious from dead works to serve a living god and his whole point is we go in and see that this whole test mode this whole issue is now ratified by his blood no one is going to undo that guys stop letting people tell you especially if you know the fourth fact that you place your faith in Christ though you might have these struggles doesn't mean that you have lost your salvation there's not a person on the planet including the person that's telling you that you lost your salvation or you could lose your salvation it's not a person on the planet that can take away what Christ has paid that is if indeed you have placed your faith in Christ the only time that this blood is not sufficient is if it's not applied to you the only time this blood is not sufficient and not applied to you is if you did not place your faith in Christ if you did place your faith in Christ things are going to change because you've got that down payment which the Holy Spirit is going to cause you to start walking in his statue perfectly from day one. No, there's going to be this progress, there's going to be this sanctification progress where you get better at things year after year as time goes on. You won't be sinless, but you will sin less and you'll look back and realize something in me has changed. Well, what's changed?  That's why the Bible says, him who began that's got a good work in you is faithful to complete it till the day of what? Redemption. He, over the day of the Lord, he is going to make sure what he put his money down on is going to bring about a return, which is why Ezekiel 11, Jeremiah 32. Ezekiel 36 tells us that he'll put his spirit in us, the Holy Spirit, and cause us to walk in his statue, which is why in verse 39 of chapter 32 of Jeremiah says, and I will give them one heart, that's this regenerated heart, and cause and make them fear me always for their own good. Look at me says, I will make an everlasting covenant with them, and I will not turn away from them, nor will they turn away from me. And somebody's going to want to say, but that's speaking of Israel. It's speaking of Israel, but then we'll see it's also applied to us as Gentiles, because in John one, what does Jesus say about those who are born of the spirit or from above having the spirit in them? What does Jesus say about that? In verse 12 of chapter one, he says, but as many, and this word that is the Greek word, hasoi means whoever, all of those that happened to be who have received him, to them he gave past tense the right to become children of God, even to those who believe in this word, piste usen. This is a present active part of simple. And so this is what we're doing. We are believing his name, who were born not of blood, born not of the will of flesh, born not of the will of man, but born of God. And I can say born of God because it says, ekafeu ekinethesen, which is of God. They were born. They have been born. And so this applies to not just Jews and Israel, but it applies to Gentiles. So whoever it is that was born of God, they were purchased by the blood, have the Holy Spirit in them, and they have eternal redemption that was purchased by Christ according to the rise of Hebrew. Do not let someone come and tell you that the blood is now cheapen. It was only temporary. It was only worthy until you began to sin. And how much sin? Well, certainly not the sin that they do, because they've never lost their salvation or can they lose their salvation, but you can because of your sin. Don't let someone come and cheapen the blood. That is indeed, that's why we have these warning passages, to make sure you are a believer in Christ. If you're not, well, then all of this is for not. But if you are, then you are sealed when until the day of redemption.  That's why John makes a statement, the blood of Jesus.  Amen.


Okay, so it's two and we can begin. Welcome you back after lunch. We hope not to bore you much. So hello everyone and today we'll be speaking on true GitOps using crossplane and Arbo CD. My name is Saiyam Bhattak and I'm working as director of technical evangelism at CIO. That provides managed humanity service, which is called CIO Kubernetes. And I'm a CNC ambassador, pretty active on Twitter and I teach cloud native on YouTube as well. So you can follow me everywhere. Hello everyone, my name is Saloni Narang. I basically work in SAP Labs as a developer. SAP Labs in Bangalore, India. And this is my Twitter profile. You can follow me here. Please note down, I have less followers right now. And this is my LinkedIn profile. Sorry for the extra numbers over here. Okay, so we were chatting outside and Saloni was describing me the problem that she was facing with achieving true GitOps. But while we were having the conversation, she said that she already had a problem and she understood GitOps terminology and then implemented some of the tooling and solved some piece of the puzzle already. So Saloni, to set the context right, how about you share what problem you had and how you solved that before we jump on to the actual problem of achieving the true GitOps? Sure, Saheem, I will do that. Before moving to my problem, I would like to share with you all what GitOps is. So GitOps in a very simple or layman language, it is a mechanism where Git is the single source of truth. So a developer writes a code and commits it to Git and then he or they can easily deploy their applications using Git. So basically, when your application is deployed, don't you think that it should be automatically deployed and the changes made by developers should be auto-applied? So once the changes is auto-deployed, all the changes is reflected, now you would like to monitor your changes that is applied and I'm sure you don't want to write a long code for monitoring whether your code is deployed, whether your application is deployed. So basically, once your application is deployed successfully, now what happens is suppose somebody, some developer makes changes to the application and what happens if the changes are not reflecting in the system? Suppose what happens if the changes are not desired? So basically, in drift detection in GitOps, what detection means is it maintains the sync between the actual and desired state. So this is how the workflow is and now moving on to repeatable infra applications. What happens if a developer wants various application, internal development application and coming to the versioning and rollback? Suppose a developer creates application, wants to add new features in that application. So suppose if your application breaks in between, what will happen? Obviously, developer wants to rollback. So there is the concept of versioning in GitOps. So all in all, this was GitOps ideology or you can say this was GitOps, how GitOps involved, what in all technologies, what in all toolings, what in all GitOps do. Now moving to my problem, say, what was my problem? So what was happening is I created my application and pushed the code to the Git. Now I built the application or code using the toolings like Jenkins and GitHub Actions. Now what I did is I prepared artifact before in the previous step and pushed that artifact to the OCR registry. Now this is where I am facing my problem. So I am facing problem in the deployment of the application. So now what is happening is there are tools, Cube CTL or Helm Apply, which I have to use. Then I need to manually monitor the uptime of the application. Then I need to secure the cloud credentials and then same with the cube config. And then as I mentioned earlier, drift detection, the sync between the actual and desired state was missing and then infra and app setup was having too many tools. Now my problem was this I am with respect to the deployment of my application in Kubernetes. Now coming to the solution. What is the solution? What is the solution I used? So there are tools for the solution like Flux and Argo, but I personally used Argo for this. So what I did is I installed Argo onto my system, onto my cluster and then this is how what I did after installing Argo. So I again built my application and pushed the code to the gate, committed code to the gate and after that built my application using Jenkins, toolings like Jenkins and GitHub Actions. And then I prepared artifact which I pushed into the OCI registry. Now this is where the difference comes in the deployment. Now Argo is pulling the changes from the gate. As soon as there is some changes in the gate repo, so what it is doing is it is automatically applying all the changes. Moreover, it is also helping me to deploy my application. So basically Argo as you can see, it is working on the pull mechanism. It is going to the gate and helping me out to push, to automatically apply my changes and deploy my application. So basically, you can see over here, Argo is using all the GitOps principle. I will let you know what GitOps principle is. So basically GitOps have four principles which is under GitOps initiative, open GitOps initiative. And it is made by the working CNCF group. Now moving on to the four GitOps principle. First, GitOps principle is declarative. So now you would like to declare the state of your application in YAML, declaratively. You want to declare your desired state declaratively using YAML. Then coming to the versioned and immutable, you would like to maintain version history so that you can easily roll back. You can go back to your previous version if your cluster or system breaks. So you would like to go back. You can easily make changes and roll back to the previous version. If there is some break in the cluster or if something goes wrong in your infrastructure, you would be easily able to roll back. Now coming to the pulled automatically, agent should pull any new changes from the source automatically. Now coming to the fourth principle, you can continuously reconcile. So agent keep the desired state and actual state in sync. So this is what I discussed previously. This is drift thing. So agent keep the desired and actual state in the sync. So this is drift detection policy. Principle of GitOps. Now I have told you what ARGO CD is. It works on GitOps principle and now we will move on little bit onto ARGO CD component. How ARGO CD works? It is a workflow of ARGO CD. It is a high level architecture of ARGO CD. So once you install ARGO CD onto your Kubernetes cluster, so these and all components you will be able to see onto your cluster. So this is the workflow. User pushes the code to the Git. Now repo server stores the cache. It tries to fetch the code or the data from the Git. And then there is a controller which maintains the sync between the API server and the repo server. Then there is UI. So UI keeps updating the live status of your application. Then your application is deployed successfully. So whenever you set up your do the setup in production. So these are these four are the components you will be able to see. So first one is notification controller. Second one is application controller. Third one is repo. Server cache as I mentioned it stores the cache. And the deck server and Redis. Sorry, there is no space in between forward wood. And ARGO CD server. So this was all about the workflow. This was all about ARGO CD architecture. Cool. I think that gives a good gist of what GitOps is where it is fitting in your particular problem so that you are able to deploy your application from Git to the Kubernetes cluster and that process is solved. What else do you need? You already have ARGO CD, right?  So what do you want more from GitOps? Before moving, what do I want more from the GitOps? I would like to give you a summary again. What are the benefits that ARGO is providing? So multi cluster. So you can deploy your application and use it to track the events. Then CLI for automation. Drift detection, sync between the actual and desired state. Automated deployment, whenever a coder develops the application, it will be automatically deployed and changes also will be automatically deployed. Then version control as I mentioned, whenever you will create a new application. When you add the special features to your application, it will be version controlled and if something breaks you will be easily able to do rollbacks. It also offers a very nice web UI. Then single sign-on and yes the last one is observability. Now I actually want to achieve true GitOps for both infrastructure and application and yes I want to achieve everything. So can you help me with that? So basically you want to GitOpsify everything. That's an interesting use case and I think when you have the GitOps principles, when you have powerful tools like ARGO CD you should be able to leverage some of the other components from the CNCF ecosystem to achieve this particular use case. I actually have exactly this tool called Crossplane. Crossplane is an infrastructure provisioning tool. For example, you want to provision the resources, the computers, the Kubernetes clusters and all these things in your particular cloud vendor. You can do that by a crossplane and it is using the Kubernetes API. Now here is the benefit and the power that it is giving. So it is natively using the Kubernetes API to actually declare your infrastructure. So it is declarative. You can declare your infrastructure in YAML and you can do QCTL apply, which is fancy because as Kubernetes administrators you already know the YAML files, you already know all that syntax very well. So you would be able to create declaratively your infrastructure. You can define I need a Kubernetes cluster, I need these many resources from this cloud vendor and you will be able to create that infrastructure. It uses the, so infra is stored in Git. Now this particular section which is there so this thing, infra stored in Git. So since these are the YAML files, you can easily store them in Git repository and slowly you already mentioned about Argo CD, it can watch the Git repository and it can pick up those YAML file customization or help and deploy on to the cluster which is great, that is what we need. So it automatically will take all the files, all the YAML files in the infra repository or whatever you might name it and then deploy on to the cluster. So Argo CD job finishes over there. But now crossplane, since crossplane is having its controller it will and it will be configured with the provider which I will show you obviously in the demo. It will be able to create the infrastructure using the GitOps approach. It is extensible because crossplane has all the integrations with the cloud vendors like Google AWS, GCP, DigitalOcean, Civo like you name it, you have the crossplane provider for that particular cloud vendor and you can create the resources within that provider. Also you have something that you can, since it is native Kubernetes so you can use the other Kubernetes tooling like suppose you have a cluster installed on to your cluster for managing your policies. You can apply policies for your namespaces where you are applying your crossplane components as well. So you can use the native policies, the quota restriction, all the benefits of Kubernetes through crossplane for managing your infrastructure. So that is what makes it fancy. Then it is less complex because it follows the same tooling. You do not have to learn any new language. It is YAML and if you are in the Kubernetes space in the Kubernetes ecosystem so you would know as the Kubernetes administrators. I have something for the developers as well. Then it uses the power of controllers. So Kubernetes is main power is the controllers that it has, the control loops the reconciliation loops. You have the deployment controller, replica set controller like you specify I need three replicas of my application and Kubernetes will make sure that your three replicas of your application is always running. Similarly crossplane will take care of the drift detection that Saloni was mentioning for your infrastructure as well. So let us say you created a Kubernetes cluster and after that Kubernetes cluster somebody in your team has removed the particular node in live and they have not committed that to the Git repository. So crossplane will identify the actual state from it and will make sure that your infrastructure is in sync. Even if it was deleted without any consent or without telling you that node will automatically come up. So that is what crossplane makes sure. The drift detection is also there. That is what it follows the GitOps principle. Now this particular section is pretty neat feature and very important feature for the developers. So compositions is something that can be defined for multiple cloud vendors. So what exactly crossplane is trying to solve here is let us say you have multiple cloud vendors and everybody is talking about multi cloud like I want maybe S3 from AWS and cluster from somebody else and database from Google cloud. So all these things are there or maybe you have different cloud vendor integrations you just need to have the best resource for a particular infra. So what you can do is your admins can define the composition files. These files will be the actual configuration and the specification of the cloud vendors that you want to integrate crossplane with. And as a developer you would only need to require. I need a database and I need from which cloud vendor the memory. Nothing else. As a developer it becomes very easy because you do not have to specify anything. So crossplane you can use compositions to even empower your internal developer teams so that they can create those and that goes where get commit, PRs, your infra admins can approve those pull requests and your infrastructure is ready. So that is what in a nutshell crossplane is more on it is working. So you have a base Kubernetes cluster. In our case we will be using CO-Cubinities. On top of that we will be installing crossplane controller so that as soon as there is a custom resource which is there for the infrastructure it identifies it is able to identify and do something with the provider which is configured. So after crossplane installing crossplane we will install the provider. So provider is basically your cloud vendor choice that you want to work with where you actually want your infrastructure to be and then you have the configuration. So obviously let us talk about AWS or CO. There are certain secret key access keys that you need to have in order to access that particular cloud from your account. So those comes under the cloud provider specific configurations that you will be deploying. So that when crossplane tries to create a resource it has the proper credentials to create those resources and then you create the custom resource. So these are the actual YAML files that your developers or admins will be committing to get and from here the controller will pick it up and create that resource in the configured provider. So to the problem that Soloni you just mentioned this is what my proposed architecture would look like. So this part is familiar so we will quickly go through it. So you have your GitHub repository. Inside your GitHub repository you have a couple of folders a deploy folder where our application is living and we have the infra folder you can have infra as a separate repository. For this particular demo we have the infra folder inside the same Git repository and as soon as this happy developer pushes the code to the main branch of Git there is a GitHub actions that gets triggered that builds the image then pushes that image to the artifact and also gets the SHA the Git SHA of that commit and change the tag in the deployment file and ROCD that is installed onto your Kubernetes cluster is watching this deployment folder and as soon as there is any change in the YAML file it will deploy that onto the cluster and give you a new version of your application that can comprise of pod services persistent volume PVC whatever stuff is there. Now there is another application that we have created here which is ROCD is monitoring the infra repository. So like Saloni said she wants the internal developer teams to be empowered to create the repeatable infrastructures so what they can do is they can just create a PR to this infra folder with the custom resource of the Kubernetes cluster or whatever resource they want to create and then ROCD will apply that ROCD does not know what YAML it is applying it is just applying the YAML file. Now there is also cross plane that is installed onto this cluster. Now as soon as there ROCD applies that cross plane custom resource the controller will be watching that and will create the infra with the configured crowd provider. So that is all overall the working would look like. Let us move and see all these things in action so that you know I am not faking it up it actually works. So it is demo demo time. So this is CO Kubernetes so CO just I mentioned like it is a crowd provider so we not go much into that we just model Kubernetes cluster. So we will click on launch my cluster so there is nothing right now you can see that and we are just creating a new cluster OSS Japan and we will just leave everything default choose a size that we need and I will just install ROCD because we need ROCD on to that particular cluster. And we will click create cluster. So this will create a Kubernetes cluster in the back end it will take a couple of minutes so we can go to the Git repository and see actually what all stuff is there inside Git. Let me zoom in a bit. So that is how your repository structure looks like you have a simple file you know Python application flask and you have Docker file to build the code and you have the deploy folder your deploy folder is actually having a YAML file a YAML file is actually having the deployment and the image and the service all these components obviously it can be a more complex application more complex you know stuff inside it. Now let's go back and you have this infra repository which has the cluster. So this is how the custom resource for cross-plane for Kubernetes, C-O Kubernetes cluster looks like. So you have a kind C-O Kubernetes that's what the power of custom resources is. So you define the API version cross-plane name and the spec section your cluster. So this should actually create a C-O Kubernetes cluster called test cross-plane with this particular size and with these application installed and this is specific to C-O provider and you can configure whatever provider you need to. So we can see our cluster is ready. So I'll click and download the kubeconfig file. Yeah I know it's super fast export kubeconfig users and we copy same in another tab as well because I need that. So kubecdl get nodes. So you can see your cluster is up and running. So we have that and it should also have started to deploy Argo CD components. And you can see the Argo CD components have started to get deployed. So you can see all these are getting created in the back end whatever Soloni just mentioned right. In HMO you have notification controller, repo server, decks, redis Argo CD server, application controller. So all these components are installing over there. So this is fine. What else we need to do now is we need to install crossplane. So let's install crossplane as well. So we'll create a namespace crossplane system and we'll do a simple help install. I already have added the help repo so I'm not going to do that again and I'll just do help install of crossplane in the crossplane system namespace. Now meanwhile that is happening we can check go back again the repo to see some of the other details so this is the GitHub actions that I was telling in the architecture diagram. So you can see it is actually using the Docker build push action so it is building the image using the Docker file which is present in the repository and then pushing it to my Docker hub account. Getting the Git SHA and generating the deployment so what it is doing is when I showed you the deployment file it is changing the image tag with the latest version with respect to the git commit that happened to this main branch so that is what it is doing is so I have a ginger template for that so you can see in the templates and in this section you can see the image deploy tag is the variables so that is something as soon as there is a commit there will be a new SHA tag with respect to the commit it will attach the the GitHub action will attach this particular hash and will be committing that to the deploy folder hello.yml file so that is on a high level that it is doing ok now we already have this installed let us do kubectl get pods iPhone and crossplane system so our crossplane is running so what next we have to do is we have to I told you we need to install the provider so we will install cvo provider because we need to create the infrastructure from cvo so we will install that provider provider is created and after that we have to install a secret because I told you after the config after installing the provider you need to configure that with the secrets so I am not going to show you the secret key this credential is fake so I already have a credential but the files look exactly the same and provider config means it will use this credential that will be created above and it will be using the region as FRA means in the Frankfurt region whatever will be created will be created in the Frankfurt region so I have that file let me apply that pro I think it is provider also meanwhile I need to open some firewall ports so I will do that now for now I will just open it do not judge me on this cool so our provider is also there the secret and the cvo provider is created awesome so we can actually now kubectl get I can go back and we can actually see the argocd everything should be up and running we can actually open argocd now cool all components are running we will pull forward that and we will get the credentials for this particular argocd proceed so this is how the argocd look like I mean let me log in so that is how the argocd GUI looks like so let us first create the application but Soloni has already done we will do the app side of things and we will sync policies automatic means as soon as there is a new change it will automatically sync auto create namespace it will do that repository url is os s japan and the main branch we need we need to deploy the application from deploy folder so this is the folder that I want my argocd agent to monitor continuously and destination is the current cluster in the demo namespace I want that and let us create that so it is creating the application it is missing it is syncing it is synced and it has already started to deploy the service and the deployment we can see kubectl get pods hyphen n demo so demo namespace was not there it was a fresh cluster and you can see container creating of the service and here also the live status that is what she was mentioning the live status was revolving as soon as the application is active you can see the green heart over there and we can see here it should be in running state and you can see it is in running state so if we go to the service we can actually see some of the other information what actually it deployed so you can see the manifest you can see the service you can see the it is a node port running on the node port this so let us actually quickly access this application so we will copy this and we enter the code number from here hey so this is application which is deployed do not forget to follow us on twitter that is why it is mentioned over here and so this part is already there that is what she has done what we are going to the fancy stuff starts from here so what we are going to do now is we will create another application so we will go to the home page we will create new app and this time what do we want is we want infra so we want infrastructure to be provisioned in the same way as we have done the application so you can see over here inside my Kubernetes in FR edition there is only one cluster which is there right now no cheating over here and now I will be giving a project name again same stuff automatic sync policy auto create namespace repository we have to copy this again so repository URL is the same and main branch this time I do not want to monitor the deploy folder I want to monitor the infra folder because that is where my infrastructure files will be here you can that is where I was saying you can have a different repository itself for your infrastructure so you can use infra and destination is this cluster namespace is default so we do not have to specify that and we click create that is it so you can see it also sync pretty fast and you can see it already deployed so that is again a very fancy thing like in this you can see the connections so this particular application that we have defined will create how many resources you can see in the RgoCD UI itself so you have test cross plane which is there which is deployed and you can see the custom resource that is deployed so we can actually see kubectl get cbo Kubernetes and we will be seeing that it is being created so it says that the cluster is being created with the applications RgoCD and Prometheus operator and it is the same YAML file that was being that was here cluster one so you can see there you have mentioned applications RgoCD and Prometheus operator so this is specific to cbo because cbo has a marketplace and you can pick and choose what application you want to deploy so you can give this here you might not be able to give this same configuration for AWS same configuration for other cloud vendor and if I go here and refresh this I should be able to should be able to see test cross plane being created so now we have actually get opcified not only the applications but also the infrastructure and that is the actual benefit actual use case that you know we should be moving forward to because now what you know the internal developer team Saloni can do in your team they can simply come to this repository OSS demo and create a pull request in you know this particular folder Infra folder and give the same file the same custom resource with their requirement like let's say a team is there and they want to create a custom resource they should be able to give the same requirement and Rgo CD will sync that deploy that custom resource control cross plane will take that and create the Kubernetes cluster or any specified resource that you have defined in the custom resource of your cross plane and the drift detection pretty simple like if I try to delete this cluster so Rgo CD the cross plane will detect that and it will automatically create this cluster again because our desired state is stored in Git as a developer developer can do a manual error and delete something or do something but our state is in Git everything is verified using the pull request the reviews and then only it's merged so our state is in sync with the Git and you soon you will be able to see that cross plane will start creating the test cross plane cluster again once the 30 40 second period whatever it syncs back it also in this particular file we have a few minutes and one slide to be covered so if we change anything in the code you know that should automatically be deployed that's what like GitOps is like if we just do anything like add more exclamation marks just push that to the main branch and we should be able to go back and see that there is a GitHub actions that is triggered so we can see the details it will go through the complete workflow of the workflow yaml file that I showed you building the code pushing it to the repository and changing the deployment hello dot yaml file because cross rgo cd is only watching the deploy folder it doesn't watch anything else for the application so it will do that meanwhile it is doing it what we will do is we have one more slide so Soloni how did you like this this particular solution for your use case thank you thanks for the great demo surely it will help my team so what to do next have an infrastructure and application repository have cross plane deployed with composition based different cloud vendors developers to use minimal config to create and push infra specifications connect clusters to rgo cd after that have application set deploy preset of get easy usable environments dr setup production setup in a true github way so these are some of the advanced things after this you don't have to stop you actually have to use compositions to go multi cluster you actually have to use application set so that you can deploy same application to all the hundreds of clusters that you connect to your rgo cd so that you can create a pre configured set of cluster applications for new teams you can define policies your standard application set whatever is there to be installed over there so I think that's what we had for this particular session and demo I hope the cluster is getting start to create and I also hope rgo cd will I mean this will deploy a new application soon so you can see test cross plane was starting you know started to create again the drift detection thing so yeah I hope it was useful in terms of how to get opsify your applications and infrastructure using rgo cd and cross plane so thank you so much we are here for questions if any and I think we only have one minute but we'll be here around so if you want to understand anything the demo repository the slides are already there I'll put the link to the demo repository in the slides so that you can go and do this demo yourself if you sign up for Civo you get $250 credit as well just the standard page over there yeah I think that's pretty much it thank you so much for tuning in


Hey everyone, welcome to today's day trading recap. Today's Thursday, February 4th. I'm gonna go ahead and go over today's trades and then this is my last day of day trading for the month. I can't day trade tomorrow on Friday, so I'm gonna go ahead and recap the week for you here too. So to start with today's trades, plus $1,128 on the morning. This is our fourth day in a row booking over $1,000. So every day this week we've booked at least $1,000 for the day, so plus $1,128 today. Two mighty 90 trades today, NVIDIA plus 350 and Tesla plus 70. We did a Paris trade today, worked out for plus 247. We were long, Dow, short, Nasdaq, worked out nicely. And then lastly on the runners, we were three and two on these.  So let me recap these for you and then I'll come back to the weekly details. Let's start with the mighty 90s, starting with NVIDIA, NVIDIA. So NVIDIA had this initial flush lower. We got long right here in this area, caught a little bounce, closed out half of our position for profit and then it rolled back over. When it hit this pivot, we added back in and got this nice bounce here and got out. So plus plus 350 on that mighty 90 trade. And then Tesla, Tesla had this flushed down, nice spike in volume. We started getting long right here, pushed against us, we got long again, actually got long here and then here, took some heat on this push down that finally it ripped higher for us and we ended up getting out after just a couple little green bars here for plus 70, a little over, a little better than a scratch on that one. Onto the runners. So Baidu, one of our losers here. So Baidu had this big push up, big seconds volume bar. So on this pullback here, on this little wick we got long, it ripped higher, we got out of half of our position for a really nice profit and then it just really rolled over, added back in about right here and just kind of chopped around, chopped around and it started grinding, grinding, grinding. I was coming to the end of my day and I was just kind of done trading for the day. So I ended up just closing it out for loss. Obviously to see it continued higher and it may still continue even higher but just didn't want to stare at my screens for the rest of the day. So ended up just closing out, taking a loss of 360 on that one. Beyond plus 165 on a runner as well. Big volume spike here. So we were looking for a bounce, got that, got short right here and then just rode this down. I had one contract left. I was looking for a little bit potentially more continuation to the downside. When it ripped higher, I just got out of my last one right here. So still booked a $165 profit in beyond. In Vidya, I had this big push lower and then it bounced right up to here near yesterday's low. We got short on this downside, got out of half of the position right here. Then it just started chopping around, chopping around, kind of similar to what I was talking about before. I was just done for the day and so when it got back up to here to the high of this level, I just closed out the other half, ended up taking a small scratch loss minus 40. And then Peton, our biggest winner here, this was an interesting trade. Had this big push up, high volume higher than the first bar. We got, when it pulled back to this pivot, got long, ripped higher, we had a really nice profit kind of scaled out of some of our contracts here, came all the way back down to this, or came back down to this pivot and we reloaded looking for a potential continuation. Gave us some heat because it pushed all the way down to this pivot held on, held on, held on. And when it finally ripped up, held it through this chop and when it made another push up, we closed out the rest. Again, just kind of done for the day. So plus 546 in Peton. And then lastly, Zoom Zoom. So Zoom had this big flush down, big massive volume, waited for a bounce, got short right here. And then it rolled over and we caught that, got out of our last piece down here at this pivot. So booked 150 on that one. So plus 1,128 for the day.  I'll show you what we've done for the week. Really good week. So on our mighty 90s, total weekly profit, 1,490 on eight trades, really nice win rate, plus 87.5% winning percentage.  And then on the runners, very nice P&L, over $3,900 on 22 trades, really nice winning percentage of 77.3. So we've come over to the summary, plus $5,491 for the week, on 33 trades. And really nice bounce back. You know, a couple of weeks ago, we had that pretty decent size red day of minus 5,400, ripped back for a couple of thousand the next week. And then another 5,400 this week. So really good stuff going on. We will not be streaming tomorrow on Friday, but we'll be streaming live every day next week. So hope to see there. If you guys have any questions, let me know.


We recently covered the impressive ancient dwellings known as dolmens, which can be found littering most of the European countryside. Enormous ancient structures, which we feel were left by a surviving, less capable branch of an earlier civilization, still possessing advanced knowledge, allowing them to build with such stones. Being remnants of the group, we also believe were responsible for the masterfully constructed ancient ruins which can be found upon the same continents. Additionally, this era within human history was the inspiration for an animated TV show, namely The Flintstones. Curiously, the Flintstones, dubbed the Modern Stone Age Family, could easily be mistaken for a lost advanced civilization. Could the makers of the Flintstones know something we are currently unraveling regarding the builders of the Flintstones' homes, namely the dolmens? Or is it all a mere coincidence? Some of these dolmens still possess as yet unexplained evidence which flies in the face of academics worldwide. Sites such as the Dolmen of Menga, found near Malaga in Spain. This massive dolmen, one of the largest megalithic sites in Europe, is a prime example of the unexplained features which defy current explanation. The dolmen is 902 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 115 feet in height. It was built with 32 megaliths, the largest of which weighing over 200 tons. Nearby is another impressive dolmen, known as De Vira, discovered between 1903 and 1905 by brothers Antonio and José Vira of Antequera. This site also possesses some of the most impressive megaliths to be found in any dolmens anywhere in Europe. Who built these incredible structures? How did they build them? La Rocha Fille, in the French department of Villeville, in the Brittany region, was named after a legend claiming that the stones were brought by fairies. This clearly inspired by their inexplicable nature. A name of fairy rock was given to many French dolmens or covered walkways. Regardless of whether our own theory is correct, the still surviving features of many of these ancient dolmens is clearly indirect contradiction with attested theory. Their alternative study is desperately needed of structures we find highly compelling. There are many enigmatic, unexplained ancient mysteries which we have covered here on our channel. Many mysterious ruins which are slowly revealing their secrets to us. However, what must be the most intriguing of the historical subcategories has to be the o-parts, out of place artifacts that have been found all over Earth. These mystifying items are the only subject within the field which can shed their own very unique lights upon the distant past, and sometimes hard to believe possibilities attached to their ages. The island of Samos within Greece is home to a number of these particular artifacts. 1.5 kilometers off the coast of Turkey, this small island has a big history. Within the island's capital museum is a wide range of very impressive artifacts. The most interesting among the collection is undoubtedly the strange bronze artifact which according to academia merely depicts a strange form of unknown carriage that would have once been pulled by horses. However, some also believe that the strange animals are actually depicting a form of periscope in that the entire artifact is actually that of an ancient submarine. Additionally, there also exists another amazing artifact that we felt was worth a mention found within private collection. Originally a religious idol, what do you think this wooden artifact is depicting? Could it actually be that of modern day paragliders? Somehow sent back in time, seen and depicted by this once ancient people as a religious vision? It's an incredible, if rather imaginative thought, but it is testament to such artifacts intriguing nature. There are many incredible out of place artifacts that can be found all over Earth. Each one just weighed to spark our interests. Thanks for watching guys and until next time, take care. The chronological dating of our technological development and capabilities within antiquity are often correlated and judged upon the developments within heat management of metal refinery. For example, one of our strongest arguments against the modern day attested view that ancient Egyptians were the builders of the Sphinx, the pyramids, the tombs, etc. is partly based upon their lack of ability in heating a furnace to a sufficient enough temperature to create the hardened metal tools needed to penetrate and carve such hard stones. The Nanjing Belt is an extremely rare find that has unsurprisingly vanished from public view, preventing any further analysis, although the existence of these artifacts was officially noted in several places and was indeed analyzed by several specialists. What is amazing regarding the Nanjing Belt is its age, but most importantly, what it is made of. In 1952, two tombs were found within Yixing City in China. One of the tombs also had a clear date inscribed upon its inside. It stated that they were buried on the 20th of September of the 7th year of Yuangkang, the late general of Zhao, 1700 years ago. When the belt was initially retrieved, it was sent for analysis at the chemistry department of Nanjing University. The results were astonishing, 10% copper, 5% manganese, and the remaining was 85% pure aluminum. However, the development of aluminum is a very modern achievement, requiring extreme heats to smelt, heats that we believe were impossible to manage at the time. Aluminum is dissolved in molten cryolite at 1000 degrees C, with a melting point of pure aluminum being 2054 degrees Celsius. So the question persists, how could such an artifact exist? A question once taken up in the West by three scholars, Butler, Glidewell, and Prichard at St. Andrews University. The abstract sums up their work, quote, Pieces of aluminum, supposedly parts of a set of belt ornaments, were found in a Jing Dynasty tomb during excavations in the 1950s. The authenticity of these finds was questioned at the time in view of the technology required to isolate aluminum from its ore. The conclusion of the thermodynamic requirement for this process demonstrates unequivocally that the temperature required for this process is greatly in excess of that possible with Jing Dynasty technology, and so the finds cannot be authentic. Unfortunately, again, we find ourselves in familiar waters, so-called scholars, three in fact, with a conclusion based solely upon historical assumptions. Unfortunately, the artifact was seemingly too controversial for some, and it has disappeared, sadly, quite possibly, forever. During a previous video titled Secret Missions into the Great Pyramid, in which we covered the most bizarre of artifacts once found in a seemingly inaccessible shaft, eventually discovered to be an entry shaft into the now-named Queen's Chamber. Just how this bronze ball, hook, and several bizarre fragments of wood found their way into the pyramids is unknown. We shared the fact that the wood had become conveniently lost, thus preventing any future dating of the artifacts or indeed this possible attempt to have once penetrated the pyramid far before the Spanish invasion of Egypt, their modern rediscovery, or indeed before the entrance to the pyramid was located. However, in a rather strange yet fortunate twist of fate, sitting within a collection of ancient Asian relics within Scotland, an Egyptian archaeologist was shocked to rediscover these cedar fragments, once mislabeled and thus never classified, lost for almost 70 years, yet re-found within an old cigar box. One has to wonder with our prior hypothesis, and indeed the convenience of the wood somehow becoming lost, was this a deliberate act by someone, possibly someone who realized the controversy attached to this artifact? What we find most compelling, however, and a possible motive to hide such an artifact are the now-realized result of modern carbon dating, showing that the wood dates to somewhere between 3341 and 3094 BC, long before the claimed construction of the pyramid. Furthermore, although many have claimed that counterweights and timber structures were utilized in the construction of the pyramids, this wood not only predates the claimed date of their creation, but does so by some 1-2,000 years. So any mainstream explanation for this dating anomaly is severely lacking. However, it fits perfectly with our original hypothesis, and is indicative not only of a far earlier date of construction, but could indeed have been a possible successful attempt at penetrating the pyramid's deepest inner chambers, simply due to the mysterious yet impressive location in which these enigmatic artifacts were found and subsequently retrieved from. Curatorial assistant Abir Aladani found the fragments of wood as she perused the Asia section of the archives of the University of Aberdeen. Quote, Once I looked into the numbers of our Egypt records, I instantly knew what it was, and that it had effectively been hidden in plain sight in the wrong collection. I'm an archaeologist and have worked on digs in Egypt, but I never imagined it would be here in northeast Scotland that I'd find something so important to the heritage of my own country. Quote, As you can imagine, we find the wooden artifacts highly compelling. We have come to a point in the age of our civilization, thanks to the efforts of countless individuals who in the pursuit of truth, specifically the reality of a lost past, a lost civilization once possessing now lost technologies, has finally arrived on the main stage of debate. It has come to a point of critical mass. After having been made aware of their existence, or indeed realizing or stumbling upon this hidden truth independently, regardless, we have uncovered an immense array of proof to not only confirm their existence, but a proof now all but overwhelming to argue with. The entire planet, literally littered with impossible remnants, left by what we believe was not only one, but part of an array of lost civilizations, several of which being past global superpowers. Yet I digress. The artifacts found throughout Giza, for example, demonstrate a seemingly impossible ability to move and carve stones, with the tools mainstream academics would put in the builders' hands, making such creations impossible. Whatever exists within the museum's archives themselves, a smorgasbord of vases and stone cores lay for all to see, each suggest that they were not only the result of some form of advanced lathe work, but other far superior and powerful tools far ahead of that of the copper chisel, which to claim was the culprit, we feel is now nothing more than an offense to one's intelligence. And the evidence to suggest otherwise is in front of one's face at the same time. We have previously covered the vases supposedly made using nothing but copper in the past, specifically the trilobed disc, yet the many other members of the collection known as the Sakara Vases not only demonstrate a mastery of lathe work, but some are so impossibly delicate that when attempted to be explained with modern paradigm, one is left utterly baffled. But lost technologies or techniques were used in the creation of these vases. Article 99 from the Anorthos site niece catalog, but one example of this extraordinary ability to either cut or possibly mold these stone vases, with wafer-thin edges and a shape formed with the lip demonstrating they would be impossible to recreate even with the advanced technology of a lathe. Who made these seemingly impossible artifacts, along with the unmissable great pyramids, highly compelling? Enlongated skulls, along with their origins, are undoubtedly one of the most heavily debated areas within modern archeology. Many independently funded researchers, who have explored and subsequently exposed vast arrays of unusual and as yet inexplicable features surrounding a particularly few examples of these intriguing and incredibly puzzling artifacts. For regardless of known head-binding practices, a well-studied and historically an extremely common practice, thus one which modern science has an extensive understanding of, including the effect this had on the shape of the skull, makes any skull which endured these traditions are easily to identify post-mortem. The most commonly found incorporated wooden boards pressed upon the head, creating large flat areas along the frontal lobes, pressing the brow area of the skull upward. This malformation creates a crease or bulge near the normal napping areas of the skull, as seen in these photos of remains currently claimed as a suspected alien found in Croatia. Yet due to this knowledge of malformation, we can easily identify that it is indeed of a Homo sapien. This so-called crease is easily identifiable upon bone structure. However, as previously mentioned, there exists a particular few whose remains not only have an elongated cranium, but the individuals in which they belong not only possess said craniums undeniably formed via natural processes, but are identical in appearance to millions of witness testimonies describing what we all now know as the Greys. With huge eyes, long wide craniums, frames of a tiny stature, and micro-thin pelvis, remains of tiny humanoids, possibly visitors to our planet, who may have crashed here, subsequently marooned upon our planet, is an account which has been told before. We have in the past explored the compelling story surrounding the Dropa disks, an ancient upart that, according to a number of individuals who have examined and tested them, tell this exact tale. Long barrows, granges, earthworks, and hinges found across the United Kingdom all have rumors surrounding long-headed skulls being covered up after having been found at the sites. Passionately protected from trespassers, a vast number of the largest barrows have never been opened. 12-ton stones blocking the entrances, clearly suggesting they are buildings of tremendous importance, but without enormous multi-million-pound machinery, permits, and most importantly, permission from the landowners, conveniently all these incredible undug sites are set on private lands. We will probably never find what's inside, but many rumors abound, like those which circle Bella's nap, tales which tell of more elongated skulls exhumed from the surrounding earth during a normal archaeological exploration. Yet regardless of this seemingly meticulous suppression in the UK, an incredible find has nonetheless been unearthed in Crimea. Many of the intriguing features of the remains are the same characteristics which gave rise to the elongated skulls of Peru's popularity, yet this skull still possesses its tiny, complete skeleton. The eye sockets which once housed the creature's eyes were enormous, and although the entire frame of the creature is of a small size, the lack of a pronounced pelvis would have made them very slender and would have emphasized the size of the cranium. It is a strong candidate for the only complete elongated skull remains in existence. We find the elongated skull highly compelling. In 1932, gold prospectors searching within the San Pedro Mountains of Wyoming would make a groundbreaking discovery, a find which for a brief period of time, exposed to the world the past existence of a group of people, a secret unexplainable race which has been successfully covered up for over a century. Cast into the realm of folklore, this group of people could be attributed to tales of gnomes or hobbits. The once-native crow people spoke of their ferocious nature for many hundreds of years. No taller than 36 inches in height, according to William R. Corlis in his 1978 book Ancient Man, A Handbook of Puzzling Artifacts, citing the Anthropological Institute, Journal 6, 1876. An ancient little people graveyard of vast proportions was once found in Coffey County. It was estimated that there were as many as 100,000 separate individuals buried there, and in 1932, two gold prospectors would thankfully expose the existence of the little people of Priory Mountain to the world. Deep within a mine on the mountain, they discovered a secret layer, a tomb, somehow placed deep within the rock face. Within this tomb, they found the mummified remains of a tiny humanoid. Now known as Pedro, according to Dr. Henry Shapiro, an anthropologist from the American Museum of Natural History, along with the several x-rays he made, proving his authenticity, Pedro was 65 years old when he died, and he had unfortunately suffered a terrible fall which had dislocated several of the vertebrae in his back. It seemed to Dr. Shapiro a head wound that he had apparently suffered some short time after may have been the result of his relinquished life, in a curious act of mercy by his fellow tribe members. The croat tribe attest to these tiny people once being gifted warriors, feared by all those in the surrounding areas. They told of the little people murdering all who ventured near them, even decimating a group of 200 strong warriors who mistakenly trespassed into their territories during the night. Pedro ended up in a pharmacy in Wyoming, and for seven years he was a successful local attraction. One day, when an unusual businessman offered to buy him, after apparently paying a very large sum, the man disappeared with Pedro, and he has never been seen of again. The only existing mummy of the little people, it seems, was successfully confiscated during the late 1950s. To this day, it is not known where Pedro is, although for the person who locates his current residence, we have been made aware of a substantial cash prize for the person who can bring him back into the public arena, or at least enable further testing. If you know where Pedro is, please do get in touch. There is someone with a rather large present waiting for you. Hey guys, so although the idea of leprechauns and fairies is considered to be, well, a fairytale, there does exist a handful of very compelling artifacts unearthed over the years, which have suggested the existence of an elusive race of tiny people. And although they were presumably wingless, judging by the relics found, they would be so small they could indeed be considered to look just like modern representations of fairies.  He was amazed to find that the shoe clearly shows signs of wear, particularly at the heel. In fact, although tiny, this shoe had indeed been well worn in by someone no bigger than a pencil. The farmer eventually gave the shoe to the local doctor, and eventually it was passed to the Somerville family. The current whereabouts of the shoe was unknown, although it is rumored that it is in Munster in Ireland. At one point, it was examined by scientists at Harvard University. They found it was indeed hand-stitched by tiny hands, using tiny stitches and well-crafted tiny eyelids. It was also discovered to be made from mouse skin. The belief in fairies or tiny humans is known as fairy faith. It is still found throughout Europe and the UK. In some parts of the world such as Iceland, fairy faith is still very strong. The fairies left or given by these tiny people have been documented on several occasions. The fairy woman's cloth of Birst of Fijal is but one example of a gift from these tiny beings. According to the legend attached to the tiny, unique relic, the wife of the district police superintendent and public prosecutor at the farm of Birst of Fijal in Vopnaf, Jordan, in the east of Iceland, received this cloth as payment from a fairy woman whom she had midwifed. The cloth is now in the National Museum in Reykjavik. Moore Magnussen, who is the president's custodian of antiquities, says certainly it is a unique cloth. There are some other gifts too up and down the Atlantic coast of Europe, including the flag of McLeod, kept today at Dunvegan Castle. The most famous object is known as the Luck of Eden Hall, a cup that was won fairly from fairies by a member of the Musgrove family. Today the cup stands in the Victoria and Albert Museum. The cup, which is astoundingly beautiful, is surprisingly of eastern origins. Although many of the things mentioned could and have been put down to elaborate, yet entertaining hoaxes, the fairy or leprechaun shoe found in the remotes of Ireland is one of those extremely rare artifacts that does indeed seem authentic. This may be why it is hidden away from certain individuals who would probably prefer it disappeared forever. Thanks for watching guys and until next time, take care.


Welcome back for more coffee and philosophy beneath the Athenian Sun, although in the interests of full disclosure I must reveal that this coffee mug is currently containing any coffee But let me on your imaginary forces work even if it had coffee in it at the moment It would be the kind of coffee I can get from Kroger or not the kind I can get in Athens, but Incidentally before we get started some of you may be wondering whether I've been dyeing my hair blonde. I have not This is not how it looks in real life in real life. It's a mixture of dark gray light gray and white But it comes across as sort of blondish On zoom, I don't know why Okay, so what I want to talk about today is this book By Stephen shown American anarchism, which I Just finished reading It's a It's interesting useful book, but it has some oddities to it The first oddity is the cover although it's the author isn't responsible for that And also not responsible for the fact that the cover disappears Um Anyway notice That map on the cover is a map of of parts of Europe Asia and Africa, which is kind of an odd choice for a book on American anarchism um Now the hardback version has a picture of the Statue of Liberty on it but this one has this what looks like a maybe a renaissance era map of uh You know the world across the pond so that's sort of on um The title is also a bit odd um because a lot of the You know a number of the authors in it are not uh American and at least one is not an anarchist and Even for those who are American anarchists, they don't seem to be American anarchists in the sense that uh that Steve shown defines on page one where he's talking about uh the Specific ideology of us based often individualistic anarchism of which Josiah Warren Benjamin Tucker and Lysander Spooner are the most obvious adherents um Whereas this this has uh You know not only people who are not anarchists and not American but people who are American anarchists but are uh communists and so on so um, I'm not sure what the principal selection was for the uh You know for the inclusion, but it doesn't really matter that much and maybe the title of the book is a little misleading, but uh Perhaps the book would initially have been titled um And in fact, I've seen online that it initially had a different much Longer title. Um There was somewhat more unwieldy um Let me refresh my memory as to well refresh my memory. I will Look it up and see what it was Okay, it looks like the original title was The anarchist libertarian tradition in American thought a study of nine formative theorists or nine formative thinkers. I can't read my handwriting Um And obviously the publisher prevailed uh on into pick a More tractable title Spooner is not actually represented in the book, but he's written the whole book previously on Spooner which I don't have because it costs like 90 bucks and this one's much cheaper. Uh, he also has apparently a book on on various Radical and feminist and anarchist women that cost something like 200 bucks. And so Again, I don't have that but This book is quite a bit cheaper um So, I mean, there's no, you know, so even if the principal selection is odd, you know, since you can't cover everyone It's sort of addressing the cover range of people and I certainly Am you know, no opponent of considering Individualist anarchists and communist anarchists as being part of a common tradition Even if I think he sometimes elides the differences among them a little bit too much But still no problem with the selection Even if the frame is a lot Okay, so Uh, I know another nice thing about the book is that he Uh focuses on Ways in which their arguments Are relevant or illuminating for problems that society faces today. So showing this is not just a purely antiquarian project Okay, so the first chapter is on benjamin tucker um and perhaps the The clearest example perhaps arguably the only example of uh Of someone who was throughout their life an individual anarchist of the warren schooner tucker sort um And it's a fine chapter has good biographical stuff and it's good stuff on his views um So no problem with the first chapter I had a lot of problems with the second chapter the second chapter is on vulturing declare The title of it is vulturing declare more of an anarchist than a feminist question mark and the answer is supposed to be yes uh The the chapter spends relatively little time exploring the You know any of the details of her views or her arguments or how her thought evolved over time It's heavily devoted to trying to show that she wasn't really that much of a feminist that She was really more an anarchist than a feminist as though this is some kind of Uh, you know conflict between these two options Uh, and in the course of that he Uh, you know, he seems to have a kind of animus against feminism and he seems to quote with approval people like Christina Huff summer isn't cameo palia whose views on feminism. I Do not regard with You know with great admiration And some of his arguments are just weird. So for example, he says well, uh, you know Anarchists are interested in people's needs feminists are interested in people's rights therefore, uh Anarchism and feminism can't really be compatible I mean, which is seems to be a gross over simplification of both anarchism and feminism both of which come in sort of many many different flavors Uh, he also goes through Uh, he characterizes first wave second wave and third wave feminism and argues that she doesn't fit the profile particularly well of of any of them, but he defines each of them so narrowly that That uh, you know, it's no wonder that declare doesn't fit them or that lots and lots of recognized feminists and thinkers wouldn't fit them Um And he argues that a lot of her feminist sounding things A lot of her feminist sounding writings are actually expressions of anarchism That the things she says that sound feminist actually You know follow logically from her anarchism And so that's the reason for not regarding them as feminists, which is again strange uh, I mean, you know these 19th century anarchists tended to be what you know What uh, we might call dialectical thinkers and christobaris sense. They thought that these uh, these different concerns of uh, feminism and anarchism and labor empowerment and uh, pre-thought and all these different, uh, I think they were into You know held together In various ways. So for example uh declare herself has a has a essay called On the economic tendency of free thought which she argues that If you're a free thinker religious matters that should logically lead you Uh to be an anarchist so If that means that her anarchism is partly drawn from free thinker premises Then should he be writing, you know, wolterine declare or more of a free thinker than an anarchist, which doesn't seem right either um Uh, you know, why not say that? Yeah, certainly for her uh Her feminist ideas grew heavily from her anarchist ideas, but her anarchist ideas also grew heavily from her feminist ideas and that's true for a lot of these 19th century anarchist folks Um, and you know more recent ones as well Let me just share my screen for a couple of uh Quotes You go away. Um, so this is um This is from Declare's essay Why I am an anarchist why I am an anarchist and You know, she's talking about some of the things that motivated her to develop her Anarchist ideas and She says Above all a discussed with a subordinated cramped circle prescribed for women in daily life Whether in the field of material production or in domestic arrangement or in educational work Or in the ideals held up to her in all these various screens where on the ideal reflects itself Uh, a bitter passionate sense of personal injustice in this respect An anger at the institution set up by men ostensibly to preserve female purity Really working out to make her a baby an irresponsible doll of a creature Uh, not to be trusted Type of they're not to be trusted outside her doll's house. That's referenced to Ipsons play the doll's house Uh, a sense of burning disgust that a mere legal form should be considered as the sanction For all manner of bestialities that a woman should have no right to escape from the coarseness of a husband, etc, etc So, I mean that certainly sounds like something being written by a feminist and likewise in this this other essay on sex slavery and I will post links to both of these in the description Um Uh, yes, let woman ask herself. Why am I the slave of man? Why is my brain said not to be the equal of his brain? Why is my work not pedigree with his Why must my body be controlled by my husband? Why may he take my labor in the household giving me an exchange what he deems fit? Why may he take my children from me, etc, etc? Um So let me stop sharing my screen um No, so I mean clearly she's a feminist the fact that and you know She even says that her feminist ideals are part of what helped move her in the direction of anarchism If it all if it's also true that her anarchist ideals help develop feminism, you know, that's just when she's an integrated thinker um so, you know, uh That chapter was kind of disappointing um The next chapter uh Is on lucy parson's Who was a communist anarchist? Um actually She had a brief period as an individual anarchist Early on but that's as far as I can tell revealed in Uh, only one essay that I recently tracked down that I uh You know plan to post online when I Get a chance to do it. Um, but for most most of her writings was a communist anarchist um She was a interesting case of a um uh A black woman who married a confederate veteran turned uh crusader for black rights And uh, they uh, you know ended up Fleeing Texas after getting married ended up in uh Uh, Chicago got involved in the labor movement there and of course uh Parsons was albert parson's her husband was executed for his Alleged but unsubstantiated role in the hay market bombing Uh, a lot of this chapter is devoted to I've shown speculations about Uh, whether she was born in texas or born somewhere else whether she was born a slave or not whether She was actually black as pretty much everyone Who knew her said or whether she was actually Mexican or indian as she herself claimed A lot of these speculations about her birthplace and birth date and racial background are Out of date now because all of those have been pretty decisively answered In jefflyn jones recent biography of lucy parson's goddess of anarchy Uh, which I I highly recommend If you're interested in in parson's life, but Uh, shone wrote this book before that came out. So it's not His fault that uh, a lot of this chapter sort of, um Uh You know a little bit out of date Anyway, it's uh It's decent it doesn't uh, it doesn't stress quite as much some of the interesting differences Between parson's and other thinkers like emma goldman Um Or polterine declare that I think would be worth talking about but it's fine Um It's just nice to see her being discussed at all because she doesn't get as much attention as some other thinkers um Next chapter is on kropotkin um The main thesis of the chapter is That you know if anyone uh Still thinks that trantas fukiyama was right in establishing that there's no You know There's no defensible form of ideology anymore Or viable or interesting form of ideology that isn't just a form of sort of Mainstream the mainstream liberal state Um He's basically pushing to regard Uh kropotkin as a possible count example uh given his Given his communism he's Uh More clearly More clearly distant from traditional classical liberalism than I don't think there's like Tucker and spooner but On the other hand given his anarchism in a fairly individualistic form of Of anarchism, uh, you know within the constraints of communism Uh, he doesn't much resemble the marxist form of communism either And uh Uh, soon is particularly interested in kropotkin's conception of mutual aid as something Uh, perhaps instinctive in human beings and something that we share to some extent with Uh, you know with the animal world Like we have come back to that in the somewhat odd last chapter So given that this chapter is intended to have a certain spin, I think it's uh, it's fine. It doesn't it doesn't go into some of the interesting complexities of kropotkin's thought and as um And when it comes away From from the chapter with something of the impression that kropotkin's ideal is uh, it's a society of You know small medieval villian style villages And that's a bit misleading Um, when he talked about the free cities of the middle ages, you know, he included places like florins as uh, you know some of his uh You know examples of positive examples of of independent cities, uh, that It's hardly a little medieval commune um The next chapter is on samuil fielden. Uh, who's one of the lesser known uh, he market defendants uh The chapter focuses on the fact that he came from a chartist background in england. The chartism was a uh, a radical workers movement in england and shown argues that Uh, a lot of fielden's ideas and rhetoric, although we don't actually have that much of it. We have less You know, we have less material from fielden than we have from some of the other He market folks, but He argues that you can see the influence of chartism Uh, that he had been involved with and his family had been involved with um In his approach to uh, panoramicism when he came to this country uh, and Since fielden is you know, one of the least studied He market defendants. I think it's nice that there's uh through innovation here There's also a fair bit of information in the chapter about john fielden Who doesn't seem to have been a relation or at least no close relation? of sangle fielden apart from being his You know his family's employer back in England, but uh, there's some there's some interesting discussion about That field in relation to the Chartist movement. So that's an interesting historical background that One doesn't often get in these sorts of books The next chapter is on alexander breckman Who is nowadays sort of best known as As the collaborator and sometimes the romantic partner of emma goldman They both came from uh, well Whether it's russia or litho any area of these borders shift around uh But They uh met in new york they Formed a kind of Anarchist duo and They both ended up Being deported to the sub union they both ended up Writing About how their initial hopes for the bolster the revolution turned tuned into a You know strong criticism of What the soviet regime was doing, uh, which was news that was uh, not always Welcome to the the more mainstream left Um Also talked a bit about a fair bit about Uh One of the things that he's most famous for which is his attempted assassination of uh Frick the factory manager The title of the of the chapter is alexander berkman generally a straight shooter The joke being that Although his actual attempt at shooting someone in real life was a was a complete failure He was not very i'm not very competent as an assassin. That wasn't really his His proper area specialization, uh, but that he was more of a straight shooter in his thoughts. Um And i think berkman isn't isn't interesting Thinker, uh, i enjoyed reading his prison memoirs of an anarchist his I like his abc of communism even the abc of communist anarchism not the abc of communism. That's a soviet worker I want to talk about sometime As well as interesting work, but abc of communist anarchism i enjoyed even though it's definitely not my flavor of anarchism because he actually, uh berkman actually Says up front. I want you to know that not all anarchists agree with my positions And particularly there are individual anarchists who hold a different view You know, it's not my view. I want to know that they're out there and they're legitimate You shouldn't take me as a spokesman for anarchism in general and that's a No, that's kind of a uh, welcome Disclaimers since you know Communist anarchists have often treated Communist anarchism as though it was sort of the default version of anarchism And benjamin tucker or his part treated the individual santicism is or the default version And i was always was saying things like the anarchists sold when he just meant, you know, what individual santicists sold or But those associated with liberty hold or what tucker himself Held so it's nice to so so i always appreciated that about berkman That's not anything in this chapter. Just just uh thinking about berkman um The next chapter is on Luigi galliani who's another figure who doesn't get as much academic discussion As some do he was um uh an italian immigrant uh Anarchist um Who uh came this country came involved in uh The labor movement And Was a supporter of uh, you know, like berkman was the supporter of propaganda the deed of of uh assassinations and so forth, which Tucker was it was not The next chapter is on max sterner Of course, it's not american and some would argue it's not an anarchist, but you could debate about that sterner's a very complicated figure Certainly a number of american anarchists claimed him as an inspiration most notably tucker Um, anyway, it's a useful discussion of sterner. It focuses um Uh Here the way in which he's influenced by foyerbach, but is turning foyerbach uh sort of on his head yeah, and It focuses a lot on the the um The intellectual rivalry between sterner and marx and them and marx and engels criticism of sterner and the german ideology and focuses a fair bit on uh sterner's Views and views on education and how they're relevant to uh Intriguational theory today. Um, so that's a valuable chapter The next chapter is on william graham subner, which might seem an odd choice because subner was Not an anarchist uh never claimed to be an anarchist um He did you know at one point say, uh I'm gonna share my screen again He did say at least he was quoted by erving fisher as having said Gentlemen, the time is coming when there will be two great classes Socialists and anarchists The anarchists want the government to be nothing and the socialists want the government to be everything There can be no greater contrast Well, the time will come when there will be only these two great parties the anarchists representing the lice fair doctrine And the socialists representing the extreme view on the other side and when that time comes. I am an anarchist Uh, so assuming that fisher is actually uh recalling And I'll put a link to that in description too. Uh, assuming that fisher is recalling uh, summoners words properly uh Sumner is uh It had a something of a sympathy toward anarchism although It seems the sympathy was not I'm an anarchist now, but When the time comes when the only choice is between those two options, then I'll go with the anarchist But I don't think shown was aware of that quote since we've been aware of it. He probably would have cited it Um This is an odd chapter You know, even apart from the fact that summoner wasn't an anarchist as shown in meds But he just thinks he's relevant to anarchism, which I agree he's relevant. Um In uh, you know, there are lots of thinkers who are relevant to anarchism who are anarchists. Um but He doesn't talk much about what you might think are the, you know, most anarchist relevant uh Aspects of summoner like his critique of plutocracy or his critique of war or his essay on uh The conquest of united states by spain, which is Oh a lovely piece. Um uh He talks a bit about You know the what social classes out of each other, which is Kind of a right-wing libertarian Uh, you know, you know water down herbert venzer thing. Um He's got good stuff in it and bad stuff in it. Well, that's true of most things. Um The cure I'd say as they say Uh, but the the shown's main interest in this chapter seems to be uh In summoner status as a theorist of cultural relativism um And here there's a there's a kind of murkiness to shown's categories, uh, which Which may come uh, at least the perception of that on my part may come from the fact that he's Coming to this from political science rather than philosophy and We philosophers tend to be snobbish about this kind of thing, but you know, he doesn't only define too clearly what he means by cultural relativism He seems to conflate it with multiculturalism seems to conflate it with toleration Uh It's not clear to knows whether he's talking about the merely descriptive thesis that different cultures have different mores or he's talking about some you know normative thesis that uh That uh, there is no moral standard over and above the the disagreeing aspects of different cultures um He seems to think that multiculturalism is You know is tied to cultural relativism um In the of the normative sort I guess um And draws this link that lots of people do between uh relativism and tolerance Which you know Is something that uh It's simply incoherent. There's no link between relativism and tolerance um Uh, you know if you're a relativist then you're in favor of of tolerance if your culture is pro tolerance You're against tolerance if your culture is an anti tolerance um You know the whole idea of saying how different cultures should relate to each other Treating toleration to some kind of universal norm that should apply to all these different cultures. That is precisely not a Relativist view. It could be a multiculturalist view which to that extent, you know At least any version of multiculturalism that says that is not relativist um I mean the nazis were relativist they they said there were different mores for different groups There was arian morality and jewish morality and so on and that And you know To the extent that they had any kind of coherent ideology and the nazis were kind of loosey goosey about that but loosey goose steppy about that but um At least many of the nazi theorists if that's the term for them To seem to have been relativists, but it didn't climb them toward toleration Because it's just you know, they're always different Uh, there are all these different Sets of mores out there. There's no way of settling disputes among them by argument So the way you settle disputes by them is that the stronger ones go and they crush the weaker ones and Maybe your culture thinks that's wrong in which case. Okay. That's wrong for you But that's what our culture says is right. So we're going to crush you. So there um, so uh you Anyway, so he's the he's the chapter is trying to pursue perplexity as to how Uh, Sumner and his sociological writings could sound like a cultural relativist Whereas in his political writings, he could sound like he's you know advocating Uh, some things over others but the you know, the problem that So I'm trying to solve in that chapter seems You know seems to be an artifact of confusing categories in the first place. So That was another chapter that disappointed me Then the final chapter Is also somewhat frustrating for Uh, a philosopher The uh, the main thesis of the chapter is that If That if krippotkin was right and shones inclined to think krippotkin was right that an impulse toward mutual aid is uh Inherent in human nature as a result of being selected for by by by darwinian revolution then That means that there's a kind of Inmate moral knowledge in human beings and that therefore those anarchists who look to that kind of innate knowledge Uh as a substitute for the state are vindicated And okay, I mean you can quarrel both the details of that but that's at least that's a coherent thesis But he surrounds it by all this stuff. He's trying to hook it up with his understanding of alasdair macandar's book after virtue and with logical positivism and the emotivism and various things and he wants to claim both that Ethical non-cognitivism is correct And that we have innate moral knowledge Now the whole point of non-cognitivism is that moral language is non-cognitive Meaning it does not express knowledge. In fact, it doesn't even express Anything that is Knowledge apt. It's not it doesn't even have Value is true or false. It's just you know expressing our emotions Or making recommendations or something like that um It's more like saying uh for For my fellow alabamians. It's one like saying war ego or roll tide and you wouldn't say no It is true that war ego is false that roll tide. Um Whereas uh, but but um So he wants to say that the ethical non-cognitivism is correct but he also wants to say that Uh, we have innate moral knowledge Uh, I think that he's taking non-cognitivism to be a less radical claim than it is And this is partly based on his um You know his reading of macintyre's book after virtue and he's thinking well non-cognitivism posed a kind of challenge to ethical objectivity and uh Macintyre tried to rescue moral language by placing it in uh history in historical traditions um Although shown seems to think that that uh involves conceding the truth of non-cognitivism was in fact You know the whole point of macintyre is this is a way of showing that non-cognitivism is not correct And then he goes on to substitute sort of biological evolution for macintyre's um Uh Historical traditions and you know anyway, you could argue about whether that Makes sense to do or not. Um But anyway, so I found that final chapter kind of muddled, uh, so uh you know So the book has its flaws, but um You know it has its virtues as well and that's sort of my overall summary of My reaction to the book And I will see you next time