Humoral immune response is actually mediated by B lymphocytes. So these are the guys that are primarily involved in the humoral immune response. What we'll see is, once again, just like we tried to separate out innate immunity and acquired immunity, and we're learning that, yeah, no, that's not happening. Separating out humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, there's lots of overlap, but in general, the humoral immune response is dealing with B lymphocytes, whereas the cell-mediated response is dealing with T lymphocytes. And we're going to look at where these cells are born, where they go to school, and what kind of receptors they have. And we've talked about the, like we keep saying that's super specific, like crazy specific, and the receptor is why we say that. Both of these guys are born in the bone marrow. B lymphocytes also go to school in the bone marrow. B for bone marrow for school. T lymphocytes go to school in the thymus. And just for perspective, thymus is an endocrine gland that's located superior to the heart. It's something that usually gets removed because it looks like fat probably in cadavers, so it's not something that we often get to see or have much of a sense of. It disintegrates over time, so it gets smaller and smaller in adult humans. That's probably another reason why we don't get to see it a lot. But that's where our T cells are actually going to school to get, to learn how to be good T cells. And both of these guys have a receptor. The B cell actually has an antibody. And so remember that the antibody looked a little like a, like a this, and that it had like some kind of little specific receptor on the ends of this Y-shaped molecule. Each B lymphocyte has its own special antibody, and these antibodies are actually embedded in the B lymphocyte cell. So this is my B lymphocyte, that's its nucleus. It's not doing a one-eyed thing. The T lymphocyte also has a receptor, but it's actually called a T cell receptor. And it looks more like what you would imagine, like an actual normal receptor, cellular receptor would look like. It's embedded in the cell membrane also. So both my B cells and my T cells pick a very specific receptor molecule that they associate themselves with. That specific molecule is designed or the intention, the value of this molecule is that at some point, it can identify a particular molecule, a pathogen, a particular molecule on a pathogen. And once it has identified that pathogen molecule, then it can initiate like seriously a nuclear war attack that is super effective. Humoral immune response does it one way. The cell mediated response does it another way, but both of them are super powerful, and together super powerful. So you can imagine that if we're going to have these lymphocytes that have so much power, there's actually a pretty rigorous educational process that they have to go through. So let's compare and contrast how B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes get educated to do that thawing.


Hey everybody it's Brian and welcome to the 79th Qtutorial with C++ and GUI programming. Today we're going to learn how to paint text. We're just going to call this text painter. Put in the usual location. And of course the dialogue. We're continuing our drawing and painting series. And of course the first thing we want to do is open up the header, add our includes. Then we're going to override the paint event. All right now we've got our paint event. We can actually get down to business here. Now what you should really understand is that painting text is actually pretty complex but Qt handles a lot of the complexity for you. I know a lot of you are probably breathing a sigh of relief when I said that. Pretty much the same thing I did. Finally over my cold I'm still a little stuffy though so you have to bear with me if I sound a little congested or if I have to stop the video to sneeze or something. So the first one we're going to do is just simply draw text. Which we're going to give it a point in space. I should say X, Y coordinates. So we'll say 100, 100. And then just give it a string. And we're just going to say hello world. Save and run. And eventually this will build. I promise there we go. And you can see at X and Y 100 we have hello world. Now what that does is it chooses the upper left point that you gave it. The 100, 100. And then it starts drawing the text from there. And it doesn't really care if the text goes outside the bounds of the window. Let's just very simply just give it a point in space and say draw it here. Now what we're going to do is a Qrect. And you know these. You've worked with the rectangles before. So we're going to say 100, 150. And we're going to make it 25 by 25. Or I'm sorry, 250 not 25G. So what was I thinking? Got a little ahead of myself there. Sorry about that. And then we're just going to painter, draw a rectangle. Just so you can see the rectangle. And then inside that rectangle we're actually going to draw some text. So we're going to say painter, draw text. And then we want to give it the rectangle. The bounds as you will. And we're going to give it an alignment here. So we're going to say cute. And we're just going to say align left. Now if you've ever used with a, if you've ever used with a G, sorry. If you've ever used a word editor like Microsoft Word or OpenOffice or something like that. You know what alignment does. It just moves all the text to the left. So then what we're going to do is just a little copy and paste magic here. I'm sorry. One of you guys out there gave me this awesome tip and I didn't write it down. I'm really sorry. Basically it's an easy way to make the line reappear that you just typed. I think it's like control shift up or something like that. I'm really sorry, but I apologize about that, whoever you are. Like I said, it's just been a crazy, crazy day. And then we're going to just make this one on the right. So now we have our rectangle. And as you can guess what's going to happen here, we're going to have one that's aligned to the left. One that's aligned to the center. One that's aligned to the right. Compile and run this. Sure enough, there's a rectangle. There's left, center, and right. Now you notice how left and right are kind of at the top. They're not actually in the center. Well, we're going to fix that real quick. Let's get this right here. And what we're going to do is just very simply add an or. So we're just going to or these together. And we're going to say cute line center. So what we're saying really here is align it to the right and then align it to the center. Oops, sorry, V center for vertical center. So we're going to say align that to the right and then align it vertically in the center. You can see how left is at the top left. Right is at the right, but it's in the center and center of course is in the center. Very simple. Now I want to discuss something you may have stumbled across already if you're just kind of playing around playing along here. It's a Q-Rect and we're going to call this Rect2. And we're going to give this a very small rectangle. We're going to say it's at 100. Oops, can't type today. 150. Let's actually bump this over to 120. Give us some more real estate on the screen here. And we're just going to say 25, 25. So we've got just a very small rectangle here. And of course we're going to painter, draw a Rect just so you can see the bounds of the rectangle. We'll say Rect2. And then painter, we're going to draw a text. And we're going to give it our second rectangle or Rect2. And then we're going to give it a long sentence. We're going to say this will be clipped. Now if you ever played video games you probably already know what clipping is even if you don't understand the term. It's when something goes beyond the available viewport.  You know what it says, this will, well where's the rest of it? See the bounds of a rectangle is extremely small, 25 by 25. And it tried to wrap the text. It says this will and then the rest of it is just clipped meaning it's gone. Now if you run into that problem in the real world obviously the solution to that is just make your rectangle bigger if you can. Or make your text smaller. See this will be clipped. Now it's no longer clipped because we made our rectangle much much bigger. Now like I said there's a lot to drawing text for example. What if you wanted to make something bold and something italic and something underlined and something this and something that. Well, Qt makes it very simple. Something would just make it extremely difficult, probably more difficult than it really needs to be. But with Qt of course life is good. I should probably ask Nokia if they'll hire me because I seem to be turning into this cute evangelist. And I don't really mean to be. I actually like other languages as well. Oops, call this Rec3. And we're just going to say 0, 0 and 250, 250. We're going to do painter, translate. Now if you don't know what translate is it's kind of one of those really in depth commands. But really what you need to know is it takes the current position and translates it. In other words it gives it an offset. So it's not really going to be 0, 0. It's going to be more like 20, 20. Now if this was 100 to 0 it would end up being 120. And we're going to get into translate in a different tutorial because it is kind of in depth. And it's one of those that just really leaves your scratch in your head for a while. So we're going to say doc and we're going to say set text width. And we're just going to give it the bounds of the rectangle. Now if you're wondering what Q text document does, it allows us to render maybe some of you are already ahead of me HTML. So you can say set HTML. And then I'm going to just, just for the sake of time here, copy and paste a very, very long string in here that I already have done. And if you don't know any HTML, don't worry, I'm going to explain everything. In HTML there are a series of tags. They start with a start bracket and an end bracket. In those tags is a command. See this B that stands for bold. Now because we've started the bold everything beyond this would be bold. So we have to end it and that's what the slash does. See start bracket, slash, command, end bracket. So what we're saying is really everything in here will be bold. And then we've got this U tag. Well that's underline. So we're going to say everything from there to there is going to be underline. But we're turning it off. So we're going to say hello this text right here. It's going to be bold and underline. Br stands for break or hard returns. We're just going to make two lines down. And then we're giving off pretty hefty font command here. We're saying font face or the style of font is going to be aerial. The color is going to be red. The size is going to be six. And then we're going to italicize it and it's going to be the word world. And of course we're turning the italics and font off. Now that we have all that in our document what we need to do is draw the document.  Or should say give the address of our painter. And then give it the rectangle we're painting it in. Now admittedly I wrote this code on Linux so I'm not sure if it's going to be 100% on Windows. But we may have to tweak it a little bit here. Nope, worked exactly the same.  Now I didn't see an underline on there. I'm not quite sure. Nope, it was italicized that's why. So if we change this to underline then world will be underlined as well. Compile and run. There you go. So that in a nutshell is how to draw text in Qt. I'm sure you probably have a million and a half questions. And like I said drawing text does get very complex and you can make it much more complex and Qt if you want. But this is the very high level of how to draw text. This is the easiest way to draw text. And 99% of the time the easiest way is usually the best way. And that's why it's the easiest way because they know you're going to use it a lot. So just to recap, if you want to draw from a point you just draw text and give it up either a Q point or the XY coordinates. You can draw within a rectangle and you can also align them. Just remember that if you do draw within a rectangle it will clip. You can change that behavior but we're not going to cover that in this tutorial. And then you can give it a Q text document and actually render HTML. So if you want stylized text, like a rich text editor sort of thing, you can do that as well. And remember the translate command put it to 2020 which is right here. Now you do translate because the current position was 00. Translate puts an offset of 2020 because we added 2020. I know that's confusing and like I said we're going to go over translate in a separate tutorial here. But that in a nutshell is how to draw text. I'd like to say there's really more but without getting into a four hour conversation on font metrics there really isn't. So this is Brian. Thank you for watching. I hope you found this tutorial educational and entertaining.


Greg Doucette uses logic in almost every other area. He's debunking, he's going, oh, this is, you know, talking about calories in, calories out, fiber nutrition, what you should eat, fruits and vegetables, really, really good stuff.  Hello everyone, welcome to another video. So today's video is on Coach Greg Doucette again. Now, I've made a video about Coach Greg before and it was really well thought out. It's been really super polite. There's a lot of research in there, just like giving him the benefit of the doubt. He has this pet pig at home that he loves and I think he stopped eating pigs because of it. When you actually see the pig's face and then I'm picking the meat and the pig's face is looking at me like, why are you eating me? He's kind of sympathetic to vegan foods or veganism, what he thinks veganism is. So she's vegan, vegetarian, she doesn't like eating animals because she's for the animals. I have no problem with that. If you are vegan, that is perfectly cool. That's amazing, you know? I tried to explain veganism as a philosophy, a moral principle against the exploitation and violence towards animals. His partner, Ali, seems really like moving towards plant-based there, but the last time I heard she was still eating eggs and fish. So, Greg had a hard time thinking that a fish was an animal or why would you care about a fish? And the eggs? Why do you care about fish? It's not a pig. What a fish is, it's a swim. And I explained about fish sentience, intelligence, all these things. I tried to educate about animal rights and what happens in the dairy and egg industries in Canada. The veal industry in Canada is terrible. But like, anyways, as a vegan for like, seven going on in nearly eight years now, you ever find people that you really like their stuff? You watch their stuff a lot.  My type of dude, straight down the line, hard-hitting, he likes to get to the bottom of the truth, he speaks like with passion and conviction, he's not an apologist.  And I'm like, wow, this dude's great. He's got some good information, been training for a very long time. I actually watched it, I was watching him this morning.   After they know and apparently have seen, you know, vegan videos about him. Vegans, they apparently understand the philosophy of veganism. Apparently, maybe not, but apparently, and then still go ahead and say something really dumb. Greg Doucette uses logic in almost every other area. He's debunking, he's going, oh, this is, you know, talking about calories in, calories out, fiber nutrition, what you should eat, fruits and vegetables, really, really good stuff.   Doesn't mean he's abusing animals or supports abusing animals. Just because you eat meat doesn't mean you support abusing animals. I wanna show you what this is in response to. Let's just watch what he responded to here. The use of animal proteins here. And again, I understand the ethical belief behind avoiding animal proteins in a diet. So this is an Athlean X. Now, Athlean X got a massive channel. Everyone in the fitness community knows of Athlean X. Just like everyone in the fitness community now knows of Coach Greg, he's got a massive channel. And he's saying, he's giving a trigger warning when he's doing a full day of eating here. And his trigger warning number three, animal proteins will be eaten. Well, the dead tortured flesh of innocent beings who had their rights and life taken from them will be eaten. Now, hey, Athlean X, I just wanna ask you right, bro. Like, if it's not wrong, why would you call it a trigger warning? Like, hey, I'm about to do something racist.   Trigger warning, like, if it was just animal protein, like, if it was all humane, why the hell would you have to do a trigger warning, Athlean X? Why? And the way Coach Greg responds to this.  Doesn't mean he's abusing animals or supports abusing animals. Wow. So like, logic, Greg. Now, this is why Greg needs a reality check. He's just, what he's doing, he's in denial. Coach Greg, you're in denial. That's as simple as that. Now, you talk to people straight down the line. I'm gonna talk to you straight down the line. My last video, super poli, you know, give it a benefit of the doubt, but this is just, you know, come on. If you think that you don't support animal abuse with financially, and not only that, dude, so you're financially supporting animal abuse when you pay for animal products and you keep that supply chain in business. I mean, Coach Greg, smart guy, used to be a teacher, I think. He still is a teacher, but on YouTube. So you understand supply and demand, don't you, mate? You understand supply and demand. If someone has a product and you pay for that product, you're supporting that product, aren't you? And if that product is a product of animal abuse and violence, what is it? You're supporting animal abuse, see? One plus one equals two. One plus one equals two. Now, let me just break it down for your real simple, Coach Greg, because you like to do that to people too. You like to break it down simple for people so they understand. Let's just say I found out that there was about 12 people in my local area that had a secret obsession with eating dog meat. So what I started to do was to round up dogs, maybe breed them in my little dog breeding facility at the back of my house to meet that demand. The only reason I'm gonna create that supply of dog meat is because there's these 12 people that demand it.  So yeah, I'm gonna go buy it off Joey down the road, the dog meat from his dog meat farm. Yeah, it's factory dog meat farm. No, I don't check where my dog meat comes from. I'm sure Joey's like telling me it's humane, it's all fine out the back of his dog meat breeding facility, right? So it's all good.   You should buy dog meat too. Everyone should buy dog meat. Eat more dog meat than last time. So what happens then, like, it turns from 12 people to like 112 people or 1,000 and 12 people and guess what? I up my business, mate, don't I? That's exactly what you're doing when you talk about eating animals like cows, chickens, don't know if you eat pigs, but eggs and dairy. When you promote all of these products and when you consume them, you're helping create the demand, aren't you? That's what you're doing. So you're not only supporting it with your own habits and your own lifestyle, you're also supporting it when you've got a million followers on your YouTube channel and you're recommending everyone do this horrific thing which causes animals horrific harm, violence and suffering. Now, if you don't think animals suffer in animal agriculture in Canada, you are tripping, you are tripping out. Why would you get to the bottom of the truth, the kernels of truth in everything else except for what you're eating do?    You know exactly how much proteins in tempeh, TVP, soya protein, texturized vegetable protein. I've seen it as chips when I was a kid. Very high-fiber high protein. You could find vegan proteins that are nearly equal in macro nutrient profile that you could probably fit into your daily calorie needs and you know exactly how to do that, mate because you're smart when it comes to this. You can build muscle as a vegan, of course you can. So don't even worry about that. But you're choosing to support animal abuse which I think shows a lot about your character or you're just in massive denial and you're too much of a coward to tell your followers, hey, you know what? Even though, because most of your followers are meat eaters mate, aren't they? They're mostly meat eaters. But you might be too much of a coward to do the right thing and to tell your following to do the right thing. Yeah? Maybe? I don't know. I don't abuse animals. People make videos, Coach Greg abuses animals. So does Allie, even though Allie doesn't even eat. Oh, she has egg whites. She supports animal abuse. Well, again, Greg, use your logic here. If Allie's consuming egg whites and you're putting egg whites in your cookbook. Why do you like Coach Greg?  All right, you and Allie are promoting the egg whites. Do you know what happens in the egg industry? I think I explained it in my last video to you, but we can explain it again. All of the eggs that you are getting come, they begin in a parent breed of shed where they fertilize the eggs, okay? Then those eggs will go to a hatchery where they hatch. And who hatches out of there? A little male chick or a female chick, okay? And because it's the egg industry, the males won't lay eggs, will they? So what happens to them? They go to a little sanctuary. I don't know, they go to some fairytale island. No, what happens?  And they get blended up and they get fed to pets and in fertilizer and things like this. So this happens to these male chicks on their first day of life. So as soon as they hatch, oh wow, look at the new world. Wow, where am I? Where am I going? Oh, I'm going into a blender to get ground up alive. So Coach Greg and Allie can have French toast, which you can get follow your heart vegan egg and you can find a vegan egg that would support your recipe. There's just egg. You've got plenty of money. I know some of these egg replacements are a little bit expensive at the moment, but you've got plenty of money don't you mate? Like we all know that you're pretty loaded because you provide a lot of value, you sell a lot of cookbooks, you get a lot of ad revenue, you're coaching programs, you make a lot of money. So it's really nothing for you. It's really nothing for you, is it? Like to get this follow your heart vegan egg and change your egg recipe, is it? So you and Allie are both supporting the horrors of the egg industry, the maceration of male chicks. Now the female chicks, let's just think about the female chicks for a sec. Where do they go? They go across to an egg laying facility, don't they? And what happens is for the next 18 months they'll be forced to lay up to 30 times more eggs than they naturally would. Okay, so they're pumping out these eggs up to 300 a year. They usually lay about 10 to 15, 10 to 12, something like this. Now they're pumping out these eggs, putting enormous strain on their little bodies. A lot of the times in cages, but even if they're not, free range eggs facilities are just as crap. They got no access to outdoors a lot of the time that they should have access, but they can't get out there. So they're just dying and they're cannibalizing each other. I don't know if you've seen what happens in a free range egg farm Greg, but it's disgusting. I don't even know if you have free range eggs. So it doesn't really matter for you. You're probably getting the factory farm, caged egg, horrible horror story stuff anyway. And then what happens after the 18 months when they can't produce the eggs at a productive rate anymore, they go and get their throat slashed open.  And that's the truth of it.   So if you just snapped out of it, had a little bit of personal accountability and woke up a bit, you would understand that. You would go, wow, yeah, you're right, Joey. I am supporting animal abuse when I do this, but I'm fine with supporting animal abuse. That's what you should say, just be honest. Just say, I'm okay with supporting animal abuse for eggs or for meat, okay? Just call yourself, I'm happy, I'm happy to abuse animals through my lifestyle, through the supply and demand chain so I can have my eggs. Just say that, just be honest. Oh, she has egg whites. She supports animal abuse. I've seen those videos.  Come on, people. You've seen the videos. So have you seen my video? I mean, I don't know, maybe you didn't. Maybe you didn't see my video.  Maybe you've seen a few other videos. But if you've seen the videos, that's even worse. That's a damning indictment on your character. If you've seen the videos, you understand the philosophy of veganism. You've seen what happens, maybe. Like, if you haven't seen what happens in Canadian farms, maybe I'll leave some links down below. You can watch what happens in other farms around the world. They're pretty much on par all across the world. Maybe you should go visit a factory find yourself, Greg, and have a look in there and see where your eggs and flesh and stuff is coming from, because it's horrible places in there. I've been in these places myself. I've witnessed a lot of violence and cruelty throughout my time being an animal rights activist and it's not pretty, mate. It's not pretty.   Doesn't mean he's abusing animals or supports abusing animals.  You'll go, wow, you're supporting murder when you buy that product, yeah? But when it's pigs, cows, chickens, fish, eggs, dairy cows being murdered, you're fine with it, you're fine with it. Because you know what?  I think you care about pigs, you know? Imagine if it was cats, Greg. Imagine if it was cats. You'd be like, wow, this animal abuser buys stuff from the cat meat industry. Wow, have you seen what they do to those cats? What about the dog meat trade? Oh, have you seen what they do to those dogs?   And to have the audacity to call animal rights people mosquitoes who spew out nonsense, just shows the irony because, Coach Greg, all I see here, dude, is you feel a bit of guilt.  So there's denial, there's guilt, because why would you even worry? Just go, whatever, whatever.  You obviously do care. I know a little bit about Greg's character.  I've watched his videos. I've got a good idea of his personality. Of the color I am.    Everyone in the world's a circle to me.  Bring in a race card. I treat everyone the same.   He's really good when it comes to things like that, when it comes to equality.  How come that's all good? How come that's all good? Oh my God, racism, I'm so, no, racism's evil.  Yeah, okay, but animals though, screw them.  That's the way you view animals, just be honest about it, you don't care about animals, just say that. So anyways, guys, again, I like Coach Greg's stuff. I watch it all the time, think he's great, think he's very successful, uploads a lot of content, hard worker, knows a lot about other topics. I just think this topic here has got a massive blind spot and you should just go, look, just be honest with yourself, bro. Just be honest with yourself, understand supply and demand, stop trying to wipe your hands with any responsibility here when there's blood all over them. Okay, that's what I did, I just looked in the mirror and goes, look, what am I doing here? What am I doing to these animals? Is it justified? Can I find a way to eat healthily and get all the nutrients I need without destining animals to a life of health? Okay, so I hope this video reaches Coach Greg.  I thought this would be a better free-flowing conversation, just talk to you straight down the line. If you do watch it and you wanna get in contact with me, my email is down below, you might watch it and it just might piss you off and you'd be like, no, stuff this guy.  Like, if you think that you're not supporting animal abuse when you literally buy the products of animal abuse, then you are in a massive delusional state of denial.