Daily Tech News show is made possible by you listening right now. Thank you. That might be Chris Benito or are you Steve Aderola or Jeffrey Zilx or brand new patron Elizabeth? Welcome Elizabeth. We call you Elizabeth. The great cause you're great on this episode of DTNS Apple teams up with Walmart to keep old Max alive. The US Supreme court will decide how much the government is allowed to talk to social media companies and a fascinating vulnerability that lets an attacker find out what an AI chat bot says, even when it's end to end decrypted. What did they break encryption? This is the Daily Tech News for Friday, March 15th, the literal Ides of March 2024 in Los Angeles, October. From Studio Animal House, I'm Sarah Lane. And I'm the show's producer, Roger Chang. We are happy to have you along with us today. We've got some great stuff to bust some fud and explain things and maybe save you a little money. So let's start with the quick kits. Google sent out invitations for Google IO today. That's the company's annual developer conference, which is set for May 14th and 15th at Shoreline Amphitheater in Mountain View, California. IO is generally aimed at developers, but all attendees can expect updates to Android, Wear OS, Gmail, and more along with some consumer hardware. Hopefully, we can also expect to hear more about Gemini and Google's other AI offerings. Oh, we will hear about Gemini and Gemini and Gemini is my guess. According to the 2023 African tech startups funding report from Disrupt Africa, there was a 28% decrease in investments in tech startups across the entire continent. And it's a big continent. That's totals $2.4 billion less in investment for the year. The report also detailed the number of startups that received funding dropped from 633 in 2022 down to 406 last year. That's a drop of 36%. However, it's worth noting that the funding situation is not just a problem in Africa. It stems from a global economic downturn. So this is just reflecting wider trends. Gabriela Mulligan, co-founder of Disrupt Africa says that 2023 is likely to be a minor setback in growth trajectory. A little more Google news. The company added real-time browsing protection to Chrome designed to block 25% more phishing attacks and better protect consumer privacy. For years, Chrome's safe browsing feature has automatically added potentially unsafe URLs to a list that stored on your device, but was opt in because of the level of security related data had to be provided to Google for full protection. The new version of safe browsing solves this problem with an API that hides the URLs of visited sites from Google, allows safe browsing to do real-time checks without you having to know both your IP address without them rather having to know your IP address and visited URLs, giving you full protection while preserving your privacy. Three sources with direct knowledge of classified operations told Reuters that in 2018 the US government authorized the CIA to launch a campaign to try to affect public opinion in China. Not to make them more positive about China either as you might have guessed. Starting in 2019, a small team created false accounts on Chinese social media to spread negative narratives about the government while also leaking disparaging intelligence to international news media. One goal of the effort was to force Chinese government officials to waste time trying to identify and suppress the sources of this information within the country. You know, kind of making it seem like there were citizens saying this and then they run out trying to who broke through the firewall sort of situation. China has also alleged to have engaged in similar covert operations against the United States and Europe, as is Russia. The US Federal Communications Commission, the FCC, has changed its definition of what it considers high speed broadband internet. The agency upgraded the definition of high speed from 25 megabits per second down and three up to 100 megabits per second down and 20 megabits per second up. The standard is based on what is generally available from ISPs in the US overall. The standard will also be used to assess how much of the country has access to broadband speeds. And to that one person out there who's like, I don't live in the US. I don't care what your Federal Communications Commission does. You know what? For good or ill, the US FCC tends to get imitated a lot around the world. So what it does will often trickle down to other places. So it might affect what you do. Who knows? US Supreme Court will hear the case of Murthy versus Missouri on Monday. An issue is whether a whether it is a violation of free speech protections for the US government to directly identify social media posts, it thinks are harmful to companies that host those posts. So for example, is it okay for the White House or an official from the White House to send Facebook a list of posts that it thinks should be labeled as misinformation? The violation alleged in that case is coercion of speech, basically forcing a company to say something like putting a label on a harmful post. The government has not been accused of ordering social media companies to label post, but it has directly communicated about all kinds of posts, including health information like COVID saying like these are disinformation we'd appreciate it if you labeled them as such. So the issue is about whether that communication because it comes from a government official carries a sort of implication that you know what we're not saying you have to, but you should follow our advice, even if it isn't technically in order. Yeah, so the states of Missouri and also Louisiana sued the US government in May of 2022, alleging that communications with social media companies amounted to coercion. The government through the Centers for Disease Control and the Cyber Security and Infrastructure Security Agency or CSI had been providing social media companies with posts. The suit says was misinformation regarding both COVID-19 and elections. Aha, two hot button issues in the political world. So in July 2023, a federal district court found that parts of the communication from the government, not every single communication, but some of these communications could be interpreted as coercion. And so that district court issued a preliminary injunction to stop the administration from communicating with social media companies in those ways, as well as telling it, it should not communicate with that checking companies like Stanford Internet Observatory and election integrity partnerships. So as you can imagine, that was specifically around elections in that last case. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld that injunction, but narrowed it, giving a lot more exceptions. They said, you know, what if if even if it's about elections or COVID or something, if it also relates to criminal activity or a national security threat, or it's government speech and a matter of public concern or public safety, if you're trying to stop cybersecurity things from happening, then then that's okay. So they tightened it up and said there's only a narrow number of these messages we think amount to coercion. However, that got appealed to the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court looked at this and said, you know what, we don't think there's call for an injunction yet. It's not obvious that this is going to pass. So we're going to lift the injunction while we consider the case. The Verge has an excellent analysis of all this written by Lauren Finer. I recommend if you really want to understand it, go read that. But she notes two precedents in law, Sarah, that are likely to be invoked during the arguments. One is called Bantam books versus Sullivan, and the other is Blum versus Yuretsky. All right. So where are the where are the connections here? Yeah, Bantam books is from 1963. And that's the one that bears most obviously on this. In that case, a government commission in Rhode Island was charged with advising publishers on books that might be harmful to minors or inappropriate for minors. This is 1963. So you can imagine it was, you know, low lead. Yeah, for sure, inappropriate for minors, possibly inappropriate for all of us who knows. No, I like. Anyway, what the court found was not that it was inappropriate for the government to issue this kind of advice, but that the way the Rhode Island commission had expressed its advice amounted to coercion. In other words, they were kind of bullying about it saying like, these books are inappropriate for children.  You know, that kind of thing. And so that became sort of the standard of, okay, it's not wrong for a government to advise, but at a certain point, that advice becomes pushy. And when it becomes pushy, it's coercion, and that's not allowed. Okay. Yeah. All right. I get that so far. I mean, my, I guess my first question is, and we're talking about the US government specifically in this case, but, you know, okay, if they don't like what's going on on social media, would there be a place where you can get like the real story from the US government as it's told by the US government? Well, no, the answer is no, right? No, there is. Who's going to go there? Yeah, exactly. Right? Like, they could post that information and they do post that information, but the problem is no one goes to those websites. Yeah. Yeah. So, so this, what it what it is, is it's a First Amendment case. So in the United States, the First Amendment says Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech or the press or of religion. And in this case, this is about freedom of speech. Is is it effectively the government saying, you have to say this courts have found that compelling someone to say something is just as much of a violation is restricting them from saying it. Sure. Yeah. And, and so what the courts have found in the past was, the government can tell folks like, Hey, we'd really like you to pass along this information. But at a certain point, because it's the government, they have to be careful about how they advise that. And what the lower courts found in this case was, you know what, it's actually a problem that the government was communicating about this because they implied that these social media companies would be derelict in their duties if they didn't add this this information. And that's coercion. We'll see if the Supreme Court agrees with them or not. Well, you might be looking for a new MacBook Air. And you might say, ah, if only it was a little bit cheaper than you know, where, you know, anything that would be on Apple.com. Apple is not selling its M one MacBook Air, um, the, the, the, uh, the lower level for $699, 700 bucks. You might be saying, well, wait a second, how is that possible? Didn't Apple discontinue the M one air? You are right. Apple did discontinue it in its own store. But now Walmart is selling the base model M one MacBook Air online and in select Walmart stores for that $699 price. This is new, not refurbished. Uh, Walmart has sold Apple devices like the iPhone, the iPad, Apple watches in the past, but not max directly. You might say, well, no, I might have seen a Mac, you know, available on Walmart, not directly through Walmart itself, maybe a third party. Apple introduced the M three MacBook Air starting at, uh, $1,099 last week. Drop the price of the M two MacBook Air to $999 and sunsetted the M one, uh, as a M one, uh, MacBook Air user who, uh, loves it very much and has treated me well. Tom, I wish it had been $700 at the time. Yeah. I bet so. Uh, this is a really interesting move. And again, some people may not realize that Walmart does the same thing Amazon does. They allow third parties to sell things through their website. So yeah, you've seen a MacBook Air at walmart.com, but it wasn't sold by Walmart and even more. So now you'll be able to walk into a Walmart store and see a MacBook Air on the shelf, which you have not been able to see before. The really interesting thing about this is Apple discontinued this device and only sells it as a refurbished device. The implication with refurbished is someone has returned this and maybe they've actually refurbished it, or maybe it's just an open box and they can't sell it as new, but either way, they're selling it as a discount. Even refurbished, they're selling it at $749. So Walmart is undercutting the lowest price you could get it from Apple by 50 bucks. Yeah. Uh, Walmart, uh, executive vice president of merchandising Julie Barber said of this move, we're working hard to bring premium brands to our physical and virtual shelves and we're excited to work with Apple to do just that. Now, I know that sounds like, you know. I was going to say, is there any meaning in that sentence? Because I'm having a hard time finding it. It sounds like they're saying, we want to bring good things to our store. Well, of course. Yeah, I would have guessed that. But I think, I think the Apple move is, it's not just Apple, but there are certain brands that carry some cash. You know, whether it's because they're expensive or hard to get or whatever.  You know, get whatever you want at Walmart. Um, maybe not everything you want at Walmart, but the, you know, the goods and services. And I think what Barber's point was is we are still going to be that store, but we're also going to have real nice things.  Uh, so you're focusing on the word premium and that is a little unusual for Walmart to be talking about premium stuff. Although they like to say their stuff's premium, but yeah, they're usually focusing on discounts. So that, that, that's interesting. It's a little bit of a, of a change of pace. Also interesting to see Apple allow someone to sell a discontinued item, which is kind of an outlet store move, right? Like, uh, in the past, I imagine Apple takes whatever stock of a discontinued item it has and just sells them as refurbished. Even though they're technically not refurbished, they're just going to sell them at that discount and no one's the wiser. If you get a MacBook Air refurbished for cheap and it comes and it's, you know, shrink wrapped and looks brand new, well, great, you're not going to complain, right? So why is the question, would they want Walmart to do this? Uh, my guess is Apple doesn't make any less money off this. They're probably getting their profit margin, uh, from Walmart. Walmart is possibly selling, selling these at cost and saying, you know, what, this will bring people into the store because they, they do that all the time. Um, I, I, I do think it's really, really interesting and I don't know if Apple's doing this on purpose, but it is interesting in combating the idea that Apple, to the opposite of what you're saying, the idea that Apple is, you know, oh, that's, that's for rich people, right? I can't afford an Apple. Well, gee, you can go to Walmart, walk in, somebody's going to see this for $699 and go, well, that, that, that Apple laptop isn't bad. That, that doesn't seem ridiculously expensive. I mean, Walmart is all red and, you know, uh, caveat. I have never been inside of Walmart. So I only know Walmart online. Um, but, uh, I feel like whatever Walmart has, electronics wise, you know, it, it feels like a Best Buy move. Yeah, it's sort of like, okay, well, you know, what do people want?  Okay, maybe we don't carry that. But an M1 MacBook Air is a very nice computer. And again, I have one. I use it daily. I mean, that's, that's, that's great for $700. That is a great price for a really nice computer, especially if you're starting from scratch.  But, um, but yeah, I, I think this is a really good play for Walmart. I think there are a lot of folks out there, myself included, who used to say like, oh yeah, Walmart, like you go there for like cheap t-shirts or I don't know, you know, that kind of stuff. And Walmart has, um, very specifically moved out of that arena. Um, Walmart is a very different company than it used to be, you know, like, like a Kmart alternative. That's what it used to be. It is not that anymore. Um, that it is, it is more of an Amazon competitor than ever, especially online. Yeah, especially online. Uh, and they're, they're getting a lot of, a lot of attention, uh, by doing this. I think the other interesting thing about this is, uh, that what you just said, the, the Apple M1 is still a very good, uh, processor. So even though you're selling a discontinued item, when you buy it, it's not going to feel like it. I'm running an M1 on, on a MacBook Pro right here and it's great. I never feel like, ah, I really need to upgrade eventually and get a new processor. So you know, that is a benefit of Apple Silicon is that these, these devices hold their value and their performance advantage even longer. Now, Sarah. Yes, Tom. I know that there are a lot of people who advance technology, but if you ask people who's advanced technology, you're probably going to hear things like, what, Steve Jobs or perhaps the, the guys who founded Intel or Hewlett and Packard, you don't hear as much about the women who advanced technology. So this week, uh, at Rogers behest, we count down the top five women who advanced technology. You can catch it all at our YouTube channel, youtube.com slash daily tech news show. And these are short. These are 60 seconds. So we're able to put them up on Instagram, dtnspix, dtnspix, and on tiktok. Uh, while tiktok lasts at daily tech news show on tiktok. Uh, so go check these out. Tom's top five wherever fine short videos are sold or given for free. There is a story published by ours Technica on Thursday called hackers can read private AI assisted assistant chats even though they're encrypted. It's got all the hallmarks of a viral story that every tech blog would pick up and run with it's a security breach. It's AI. It's from a reputable source, but ours Technica's Dan Gooden reporting on research by security Richards at Ben Grand University seems to kind of be you know, the only one carrying the torch here. It does not seem to have taken off the way some news stories do. So Tom, why do you think that is and let's talk about it? Yeah, it finally made it on detecting me, but even lower down. So I'm not sure why this this isn't getting picked up more. It's a solid piece of reporting. Dan Gooden does the Lord's work. Been doing it for a couple of decades. Really good at it. I highly recommend you go read it at ours Technica. There are two main reasons I think it's worth talking about. One, it will help us understand a little more how large language models work. And two, it's a fascinating example of what's called a side channel attack because it's from researchers not malicious actors. This is a fun example that we can actually defend against rather than something to be afraid of. All right. So let's talk about what the attack actually is and where the where the fear comes from. The short version is that security researchers figured out a cool method of deciphering what a chatbot is saying to people even when what the chatbot is saying is end to end encrypted. Ooh, okay. So my initial reaction is this is bad. I should be alarmed. It can decipher encrypted communications. That seems like something that companies are supposed to not let bad actors do. Did they break the encryption?  The word you're looking for is a cog in the whatever. Yes, bad. Yeah. No, no, they did not break encryption. Do you do not need to be that alarmed? The methods depend on a quirk in the way large language models work. So don't worry. This is not going to affect your messenger app or signal or anything like that. In fact, it doesn't even affect your prompts to a chatbot. This only can be used for the responses coming from the chatbot. So how are they able to read encrypted text and why only from the chatbot? Without going too far into it, you need to understand that large language models don't think they don't look up answers in a database. They predict what the next word should be given the previous words. That's it. And it's I know it's very impressive, but at the heart of it, that's really what they do. I explain this as words, but it's actually in more technical terms something called tokens. You can think of a token as maybe a syllable, if that helps. Sometimes it's even part of words that aren't syllables. But the important part is that each token is a little different than each other token based on what part of the word it represents. So the token for sorry is going to be a little bigger. It's going to take up a little more data than a token for just the exclamation point, for example. Okay. So if I'm understanding this, the side channel is figuring out those tokens. Yeah, exactly. Side channel attacks take information from outside the channel and then deduce what's in the channel. So if you've ever heard of these studies and we've talked about them on DTS before, where you could read key strokes based on the sound of typing or the interval between key strokes just by having a microphone in the room or ways to determine bits by listening to changes in the hard drive motors, those are examples of side channel attacks. In this case, the side channel attack is looking at the size of the packets, not what's in them. Well, okay. But how do they do it? Like how? Yeah, so it stopped very in the lead, Merritt, to conduct the side channel attack on a large language models and cryptic communication, you need to see the traffic between the user and the large language models server. So you can do that in lots of different ways. That's what used to be called ban on the middle attack. They often call it an adversary in the middle attack these days. But it's the classic get on the public Wi-Fi hotspot at Starbucks and start sniffing traffic. A VPN is going to protect you against that, but there's lots of other ways to do it too. Whatever way you do it, that has to be done first and then the attacker can monitor the size of the packets coming from the large language model. They're encrypted, so you won't be able to see what's in them, but you can see how big they are. And that will work against almost every chatbot except Google's Gemini. Google's Gemini does not send each token in a separate packet. There's all do that, and that lets you see the answer in real time. If you've wondered like, why does chat GPT look like it's typing the answer? Because it's sending each token separately, so it can slowly reveal the answer to you, and that makes it feel faster. Well, okay. So how then do they figure out how the size of packets correspond to words? Yeah. In this exploit, they taught their own large language model to guess what the likely words would be based on the sequence of different sized packets. And one of the things that made that easy is that LLMs tend to start their responses in similar ways. There's fewer different ways that a chatbot starts its response. It then diverges into more unique responses the more it responds. Once they had a model that could actually accurately predict the opening sentence, they then trained their own second model to use the context of that first sentence. And that is a method of being able to decode things as like, well, if we know this, it makes it easier to decode the rest when you're analyzing those packet sizes. And again, all they were doing this was the sequence of different sized packets, but they used LLMs to fight LLMs. Okay. So how good was this method because it couldn't read everything, right? No, it could not. The models could only match specific words 29% of the time. However, they could accurately guess the topic of the conversation. So, you know, they may have not got all the words right, but it was enough words in the sentence that you could tell what was being talked about. They could do that 55% of the time. Now, that's not a majority of the time. So you're right. It's you're not going to get all the conversations.  Now, you mentioned that Gemini not vulnerable to this attack, but it sounds like all the chat bots should be able to defend against it because we know what's going on, right? Yeah, that's the good news. Both Google's Gemini and Github's instance of co-pilot, although not other instances of co-pilot, don't send the tokens in individual packets. So they were not vulnerable to this. Sending the entire response in one packet would make this almost impossible, but researchers know like, I know the idea of sending individual packets is to speed things up or make it look like it's faster. So you could also just add padding to the packets to make them appear to be the same size. So in my earlier example, we had sorry and an exclamation point. You could pad out the packet that had the exclamation point, so it looked like it was about the same size. That would slow down some things more than if you didn't do it, but it would let you still mimic the real-time response and reduce the success of this attack again to near zero. Cloudflare has implemented padding on its workers AI service and in true Cloudflare style, wrote a detailed blog post about it that you can read. OpenAI also seems to have implemented padding, but in true open AI style hasn't said anything about it, has not been open about what they've done, but yeah, the good news is this is easy to mitigate against. I mean, you know, I know we're just a humble little tech show, but to be as open as possible of what we know about how these LLMs and models in general work, you know, it blows my mind. It really does.  Yeah, it's fascinating what you can glean from just a little bit of information out there, just packet sizes. And the other part of this is it made it easier to glean it because they had large language models of their own. So we always talk about like, oh, it's going to be an arms race. We, you know, the bad folks will use large language models and the good folks will use use them as well. And that's exactly what we're, what we're seeing here. All right. Let's check out the mailbag. Let's do it. This one comes in from Brian who wrote, I keep hearing everyone talk about how heavy the Apple Vision Pro is, but as one who has worn a helmet, O2 mask, night vision goggles, and other things while flying four hours at night, I can say it's always about how you wear the weight on your head. We would put the batteries on the back of our helmets to balance the weight of the VGs on the front of the helmet. As for the Apple vision, I would suggest moving the battery to the back of the strap and shorten the supple court. The weight is not usually the issue. It's the balance. It would be interesting to see Sarah tape the battery pack to the back of the strap and see if balance changed for the better. All right, Brian, challenge accepted. Nice. Yeah. Yeah. Are you going to report back on the Apple vision show about this? 100%. I'll do it over the weekend. I mean, one of the things, the battery pack, like it's one of my sticking points because I'm like, but other VR slash AR headsets don't have to, you don't have to have that thing with you and it kind of sucks. Yeah. But maybe a balance thing if it was on the head could be a benefit and not a detriment. Yeah. Weirdly adding some weight in the right place might make it feel. It might make it feel less heavy. Yeah. You know Apple thought of this. You know Apple tried it. I'm curious why they decided not to do it that way. And I'm going to guess Apple would say, no, no, no. If you just do the strap right, it won't feel heavy. You need to come back to the store. You're strapping it wrong. Yeah, exactly.  Well patrons, stick around for the extended show Good Day Internet. It's time again for the great GDI debates. It's Friday. We like to do fun stuff in GDI on Fridays. So we're going to talk about dynamic or flat pricing. You know, with the Wendy's thing, that's a hot topic. We're going to talk about whether the nine to five workday should be thrown away and savory or sweet for breakfast. Huh? Yeah, you might say, oh, that's an obvious one. But is it? Stick around. Oh, it's obvious to me. I know my answer.  You can also catch the show live Monday through Friday at 4 p.m. Eastern, 2100 UTC. Daily Tech News show is live. We'd love to have you join us if you can. DailyTechnewshow.com slash live is where you can find out more about that. We're back on Monday with an overview of big announcements from GDC with Scott Johnson. Talk to you then. This week's episodes of Daily Tech News Show are created by the following people, host producer and writer, Tom Merritt, host producer and writer, Sarah Lane, executive producer and booker, Roger Chang, producer, writer and co-host, Rob Dunwood, video producer and Twitch producer, Joe Coons, technical producer, Anthony Lemos, Spanish language, host, writer and producer, Dan Campos, science correspondent, Dr. Nikki Ackermans, social media producer and moderator, Zoe Dutterding. Our mods, Beatmaster, W. Scottus 1, BioCow, Captain Kipper, Steve Guadorama, Paul Reese, Matthew J. Stevens, a.k.a. Gadget Virtuoso and J.D. Galloway. Modern video hosting by Dan Christensen. Music and Art provided by Martin Bell, Dan Looters, Mustafa A., Acast and Len Peralta. Acast adds support from Tatiana Matias, Patreon support from Tom McNeil. Contributors for this week's shows include Shannon Morse, Scott Johnson and Justin Robert Young. And thanks to all our patrons who make the show possible. 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Gun Smoke, brought to you by Chesterfield. Chesterfield packs more pleasure, because it's more perfectly packed, thanks to Accuray. They satisfy the most. Around God City and in the territory on West, there's just one way to handle the killers in the spoilers, and that's with a U.S. Marshal and the smell of Gun Smoke. Gun Smoke, starring William Conrad, the transcribed story of the violence that moved west with young Americans, and the story of a man who moved with it. I'm that man, Matt Dullin, United States Marshal. The first man they look for and the last they want to meet. It's a chancy job, and it makes a man watchful, and a little lonely. You stay with the horses, will you Chester? Yes, sir. I won't be long. Sure don't envy you having to talk to her, Mr. Dullin. Somebody has to do it. I don't understand that, Zack Morton. It's good land out here, there's a nice little house, water, everything. Why do you have to go trying to get rich the hard way? I guess it never looks hard, though, to try it. Mr. Dullin, Ada's seen us. She's come out on the porch. Oh, yeah. Hello, Ada. Marshal Dullin. Ada, I sent a man out here a few days ago to tell you what happened to Zack. He told me. Well, I kind of thought you'd come into dodge. No, I... They had to bury him either. I had to brought him out here, but I was off chasing this partner. Did you catch him? He was killed swimming in Cimarron. Killed Zack, right on Front Street. Well, I had no choice, Ada. I told him not to go back to town. I told him you probably have found out who robbed that express office. I said you'd be looking for it. I'm sorry it happened, Ada, for your sake. Zack turned bandit, Marshal. I lost pride in him for a long time now. Ada, there's been some talk going on in dodge. What do they say? Well, everybody thinks that Zack brought the money out here and hid it. They think you know where it is. Is that what you think, Marshal? Well, they could have been headed south with it. Right in bold and innocent like right through dodge. The money could be at the bottom of the Cimarron with Zack's partner. Zack went bad, Marshal. I hated him for it. That's why I didn't come to town when he got killed. Yeah. Well, I... I won't bother you anymore, Ada. Goodbye. Goodbye, Marshal. What's she saying? Well, he buried that money out here somewhere. There's no man who'd be fool enough to ride back into dodge with it. I think that woman's fooling you, Mr. Dillon. I think she knows where the money's at. Chester, let's ride back as far as the Crick and Bill is at fire, huh? I'm hungry. Now, here's another strip of meat that's about done, Chester. Oh, that's yours, Mr. Dillon. I ate the last one. Hey, look. We got company. Leachfields, fella. Leachfields? Well, who's he? Well, he got off Santa Fe one day while he was down on the Cimarron. But I don't know for sure where he comes from. I don't know what he's doing out this way. Is he a gambler? Oh, I ain't never saw him gambling. He sure dresses like one, don't he? Yeah, he looks pretty fancy.  A real gentleman. We don't get many like him. How do, Mr. Fields? Hello, Chester. Mr. Fields, this here is Marshal Dillon. It's a pleasure to meet you, Marshal. I've been looking forward to it. Well, that makes you different from most men that come to Dutch. Yes, I've been observing those men, Marshal. They're bad. They're evil. Yeah, some of them sure are, Mr. Fields.  When I kill somebody, it's because I have to. Not because it's either right or wrong. Well, it was certainly right to kill Zach Morton. Was it? Of course it was. I was going to console his widow with that same thought, Marshal. We're old friends, even though I haven't seen Ada in years. Why did you know her, Fields? Back in St. Joe. That's right. She is from St. Joe. I've heard her talk about it. I'll buy you a drink when I return to Dodge, Marshal. Goodbye. Goodbye, Chester. Goodbye, Mr. Fields. Here. See what I mean about him being a gentleman, Mr. Dillon? You're mates, Vernon, Chester. You mean you don't think he's a nice fellow? Listening to gun smoke. In your kitchen? Getting ready for a Sunday supper? Maybe in your living room, relaxing? Or... Out driving? Say, be sure and watch the road. But remember there's pleasure ahead when you smoke Chester Fields. When you satisfy yourself with Chester Fields better taste and mildness. You see, Chester Field packs more pleasure because it's more perfectly packed. A more perfectly packed cigarette gives you an open, easy draw that unlocks all the better taste and mildness of fine tobaccos. And Chester Field, made by exclusive accu-ray, is more perfectly packed. With an even distribution of tobacco from one end of your Chester Field to the other. Firm and pleasing to the lips. Mild, yet deeply satisfying. Remember, to the touch, to the taste. Chester Field packs more pleasure because Chester Field's more perfectly packed. By Chester Field, mild. Yet they satisfy. The most. It's fine with me, Chester. I hear there's some cattle coming up the trail in a couple of days, though. Well, that's a couple of days off. We'll enjoy ourselves while we can. Yeah, sure. Well, for evermore, what do you know? Oh, what is it? I ate a morn. Oh, yeah. Ah, hello, Ada. Fields. Hello, Marshal. Chester. Well, I've got good news, Marshal. How's that, son? Haven't I, Ada? Let me tell him. We're gonna get married, Marshal. Tomorrow, right here in Dodge, I brought Ada in today so she could buy some clothes and things. Ah, I see. I know what you're thinking, Marshal. You're thinking it's awful fast with Zach gone only a couple of weeks. Oh, it's no business of mine, Ada. Well, it's not so fast considering how we knew each other back in St. Joe and all. Ada, you'd better run along now and do your shopping. I'll meet you at the Dodge house in about an hour. All right. Uh, Ada, I, uh... just want to wish you happiness. Thank you. Leach is a good man, Marshal. He's a good God-faring man. Well, that's quite a compliment, Fields. A woman like her. She's endured a lot of evil in her life, Marshal. I want to help her to forget it. Look, Fields, the evil that you mentioned. That never brought her a thing. Not a thing. Well, of course not. What I mean is it didn't bring her any money. Money? From Zach? That'd be tainted money, Marshal. I wouldn't touch it and I wouldn't allow her to. Now, what about that drink I promised you? No, not today, Fields. I'm pretty busy. Yeah. But I'll be waiting for you next time you come to town. I'm glad that mail's over. Now, they got a new cook here, kiddie. Didn't I tell you? You didn't have to, Marshal. Oh, no, it wasn't that bad. It wasn't? Where'd he learn to be cooked? Out of poison and wool? Good cook's hard to find. I'm sure of it. Yeah, long hours, not much pay. If he doesn't like the job, why doesn't he go back to oil and leather or whatever he was doing? Well, if he could hear you, I expect he could. Well, hello, Matt. Kitty. Hello, Doc. Sit down. Hello, Doc. Thank you, thank you, thank you. Where have you been the last couple of days? Oh, out in the country, Kitty. Waiting for a baby to make up its mind. Oh, say, I passed by Ada Morton's place on my way back, Matt. It's been Ada Fields for the last month, Doc. I know, I know. Well, how they getting along, Doc? I didn't see it. But Leach Fields was there. So, you know how nice he usually is, Matt. He's a gentleman-like and everything, but he wasn't his type. Oh, no, he acted like he didn't want me around. He wouldn't even invite me into the house. Well, maybe he was busy. Oh, he was busy. He was sitting there in the porch doing nothing. Matt, I don't like it. I've got a feeling something's wrong out there. You better go and have a look. He's sitting right there on the porch, Mr. Dillon, just like Doc said. Of course, I didn't think Doc's just an old warrior. Hello, Fields. Good afternoon, Marshal. It's just her. How are you doing, Fields? What are you doing way out here? Well, we were riding by. I always say hello. Well, I'm glad you did. Sorry you missed Ada, though, Marshal. She's going to be mighty disappointed. Oh, where is she, Fields? I don't know. She got on a horse this morning and said she was off to visit some neighbors. Didn't she say who? She wants to go visiting. I don't ask her where. I trust Ada. Yeah, yeah, sure. I'd ask you in, Marshal, but one thing she did tell me was if anybody rode by not to let them see the house, she didn't take time to clean it up and you know how women are. Well, we've got to go back to Dodge anyway, Fields. You tell her hello for us. I'll do that, Marshal. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye, Mr. Fields. Goodbye, Chester. Now, he wasn't back to me, Mr. Dillon. Chester. Hm?  Well... Don't sure come think of it, I never did. You bet you didn't. I couldn't see you behind this bush, Mr. Dillon. Did you find a place to tie the horses? I'm sure there was an old log down in that galley. Have you saw anything? Well, as soon as we were out of sight, Fields left the porch and went into the house. Nobody's come out yet. Well, I still think you're wrong about him, Mr. Dillon. Yeah, maybe I am. Maybe I just don't like men who go around preaching how bad other men are. You're also suspicious of everybody, Mr. Dillon. Well, Chester, nothing pleases me more than what I'm wrong. I know.  That'll dark if nothing happens before. Then what? We're going up to that house, Indian style. It ain't hardly noon. We've got an awful long wait. Say now, maybe I'll just... Wait a minute. Look. It's him. He had a horse around back there. Yeah. He's right in the north. We gonna follow him? Maybe. After we take a look in the house, let's get our horses. That whistling man, Bobby Haggard, really started something. Tonight, we'd like to introduce a player piano that could have come right out of the long branch in Dodge City. Packs more pleasure, packs more pleasure. Chesterfield packs more pleasure because Chesterfield's more perfectly packed. The more perfectly packed your cigarette, the more taste and mildness are released for you. Chesterfield, made by Exclusive Accuray, has an open, easy draw that unlocks all the pleasure of fine tobaccos. Now, Accuray ensures an even distribution of tobacco from one end of your Chesterfield to the other. Chesterfield is firm and pleasing to the lips, mild yet deeply satisfying. Chesterfield packs more pleasure because Chesterfield's more perfectly packed. To the touch, to the taste, Chesterfield packs more pleasure because it's more perfectly packed. By Chesterfield, mild, yet they satisfy the most. Open if you want in, Mr. Dillon. And I'll bust it open. Crook entering the man's house this way. Don't let it bother you, Chesterfield. Let's take a look in the bedroom. Bust it open too? Yes, sure. Look on the bed, Mr. Dillon. He's got it all tied up. Yeah. Your entire feet, Chester. Yes, sir. You're sick. Oh, Marshal. You all right, Ada? Have you been hurt? No, Marshal. Starved? Nothing to eat. Not for days, weeks. Oh, my goodness. Take a look in the kitchen, Chester. See if you can find something for us. Yes, I sure will. Where did Leach Fields go, Ada? We saw him right off. He wanted the money, Marshal. He starved me so god-telling. And you finally gave in. You told him? He's gone to dig for it inside that old sod hut up near Willow Spring. Oh, yeah. I know where it is. If he don't find the money, he's coming back to kill me, Marshal. Look, Ada, we're going to leave a rifle with you. You think you're strong enough to use it? I'll get strong enough. I'll use it. Ada, you never knew Leach Fields before, did you? No, I only said it so it looked better marrying him so quick. Yeah, I thought so. I'll go help Chester and Anna since we can feed you something we'll go after. He seemed so good, Marshal. He seemed so good for a day or two. All right, this is far enough, Chester. It's so dark I can't hardly see nothing. He's in there. You can hear him digging. Listen. I hear him. We're going to rush him. I'd like to take him alive if possible. I mean, you will wait for him to come out. No, let's jump him. Maybe it'll scare him so bad he won't put up a fight. All right. Now, you walk about 10 feet to the left of me, Chester. I'll go inside alone. If he takes me, will you get him? Yes, sir. I got the drop on your fields. Don't move. What are you doing here, Marshal? Get your hands in the air. I don't understand.  It's too dark in here. I tried for his shoulder the first shot, but I missed. You sure he's dead? I couldn't afford to miss the next two, Chester. No, sir. No, Mr. Dylan, I sure was wrong about him. Yeah. I guess he didn't find the money, though, did he? He would have if it had been any. But this is where he had said it was. You want to start digging for it, Chester? Well, no, sir. That money's at the bottom of the simmer on with Zack's partner. Well, then why'd she say it was out here? Well, I guess she thought if she could get rid of leech fields even for a little while, she might have a chance. She was right, wasn't she? Yeah. And you and everybody else had better start believing than I did. She's been through enough over something that she never even knew anything about. And I'm sure it can be wrong sometimes, can't he, Mr. Dylan?  And maybe Ada can have a little peace. She's earned it. In a moment, our star, William Conrad. Chesterfield packs more pleasure because Chesterfield's more perfectly packed. Chesterfield, made by Exclusive Accuray, packs more pleasure because it's more perfectly packed. Unlocks all the pleasure of fine tobacco. Chesterfield packs more pleasure because Chesterfield's more perfectly packed. Firm and pleasing to the lips. Chesterfield, mild. Yet they satisfy the most. To kill a man in a fair fight or in self-defense wasn't too unusual on the frontier. But next week a man kills to avenge the death of his brother without firing a shot. But that was the West. Good night. The results of this annual poll appear in the current issue of TV Radio Mirror. Talk about good taste. Friends, there's plenty of talk about good taste among the people who have changed to L&M cigarettes. That's because L&M is so good to your taste. And L&M is so quick on the draw. Just take an easy puff. And the flavor of superior tobaccos comes rich. Comes clean. Comes easy. And the secret of your pleasure? It's the L&M Pure White Miracle Tip. So make today your Big Red Letter Day. Change to L&M. Join us again next week for another specially transcribed story on gun smoke.


He wasn't having personal issues. He was just, I asked some PTSD from Afghanistan. So after talking with him for a little bit, I asked him if he would like to go get some help, and he said yes. Sergeant Diller took the soldier over to Behavioral Health Services, where he was later admitted into the hospital and released three months later. He came back a completely different person, so positive, had a great outlook at life, and extremely grateful for the help that he had received. Help is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, called the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK, and press 1 for the Military Crisis Line, or go to preventsuicide.army.mil.


Hey everyone shiver 1,000 here today. I got this predator Engine That don't seem right does it What we're gonna do I'm about 99% 99.9% sure. I know what's wrong with this thing. I checked the oil. It's got oil in it. I just want to pull that cover off Let's see what the deal is Okay, guys, so like I said, I got this in on a trade But uh, I didn't care about the engine. I Wanted to frame the wheels and the tires Guy don't know anything about it. He was like, well, it's just locked. You just got to get it unlocked That's I was like look it's probably blown in and I don't care about the engine. I just want this part It used to be a pressure washer. Okay. Now I think I think it threw a rot That's one reason right there There's another reason Okay, I thought well, you know, maybe I'm just rebuild that Make a nice little go-kart engine because it's supposed to be a 212. All right a 212 predator Which I could very easily put on that thing. I Could put it on a go-kart mini bike what not But I got to thinking about that and I thought let's let's do some pricing on this first of all, I Done some checking to see if this thing if these are Bruno's out if these are Honda clones Well, nobody can give a definitive answer. Okay Some will say yeah, it's a clone and some will say well It's it's a clone, but it's not a Complete clone or whatever, you know so But I get to looking down in here now I don't know without a late if you can see that Let's try to zoom in here. I may have to go get a light Want to focus? What's I say? Honda gx-160 All right, that's a Honda engine. So I think we just solved that mystery From everybody saying well, it's kind of a clone, but it's not a hundred percent clone and People will say no, it's a clone because Honda parts will fit it and I know That this has never been you know This is the way it this is the way the thing was bought it was bought with this engine and everything, okay predator engines so what I'm saying is see I've got the carburetor for but Run 15 to 20 minutes every three months Abfuel stabilizer or voids warranty But this is never like someone didn't take a Honda engine put that tank on it's what I'm saying This engine's always been on this thing It was bought new Guy got it from his uncle bought it new and he's had it for many years And he said he was using it one day at quit running. So he took the pump off He had another one reason why he bought this one was because the one he had The pump went bad on Okay, so He just went instead of buying a new pump he went bought a new pressure washer So When this blew up like I said, they wasn't sure he just knows he knows it locked up He found out it wasn't the pump. He took the pump off this and Put on the other one That the pump was bad on Okay That's definitely a Honda engine because it's stamped that is not a sticker that is stamped right into the block You can see that it's stamped right in there. This is a Honda engine. It's got a predator tank So Honda Apparently makes the predator engines Now I thought yeah, I can rebuild that for about a hundred bucks, which I could but When I got to looking online here if I'm gonna rebuild that and like put it on the golf cart I'm gonna I'm gonna put a new cam and everything in it, right? well There's a camshaft there. It's 10 bucks, you know, there's one from go power sports For two 12, it's a non-hemmy. I'm not sure what that one is Might be the hand me. I'm not sure Okay, there's a cam for 14 bucks. There's the cam lifters for 10 Okay, so let's just say 10 bucks. I can get a cam, right? now connecting rods I guarantee you That that will fit that engine because you've seen the number stamped. Let's click on that.  See this is the whole the whole thing whole shebang for $24 Okay, Honda GSX 160 to GSX or GX 160 GX 200 the five and a half horsepower the six and a half horsepower, which is what that one there would be and So on and so forth So I was like well, that's not a bad deal But now we're up to 34 dollars, right? You want to buy the gasket? This is not a big deal in my book I fixed many of these little engines This is not structural. It don't hold pressure or anything like that If you wanted to you could put a bolt and sealer in it. I would probably grind that down a little bit and either use JB weld or muggy weld it that's not a big deal if you got something like that You want to rebuild your engine side of the case like that. It's not gonna hurt anything guys Like I said, it's not holding pressure. It's not structural. It's just a little hole Plug it off And then I'm gonna need the gasket for that So we're up to Okay, that's 34 bucks I'm gonna need a starter Pull rope for it and they're $20. So that's $54 in it, right For the cam that kit and Recoil starter that's $54 now If we go back here, let me bring you up on something else Predator six and a half horsepower 212 $119 So we're we're pretty much about half the price of a new engine just rebuilding that one Why wouldn't I just get a new engine? You know, I mean I could get I get that Duramax there that for 20 for 369, you know There's a Brakes and Strand 208 242 that's lows too now. Here's There's a predator 212 ghost cart racing engine. That's that's only 300 bucks, you know, which I would have You know to build that up like that. I would have as much if not more in it than that You know, there's a Honda GX series, which that's what that engine is They're under $99 that's northern tool, but you see what I'm saying It just doesn't make sense to rebuild that engine, but what I want to do Is I just want to I want to drain the oil out like I said, I checked the oil Oh, it's fine. I'm gonna drain the oil out of it We're gonna pull that off of there and just see what happens. See see if the rod broke. I don't think so I think the cat Cat probably broke off of it or the boats came out something And that's probably what locked it up.  So let me get that oil drained out. I got my pan here I want to drain the oil. We'll pull that cover off just to see You know, I mean the coil is still good You know, I Got the carburetor for it and I got a good tank there if I need it for something But like I said, I mainly wanted that thing that engine was coming coming off there regardless I was never had any plans on rebuilding it But so let me get you on a stand. Let me get this oil drained out and we'll go from there. Okay, so See if I can get this thing work. This is gonna be a project coming up real soon my trigger Doesn't want to click all the way in sometimes so I do have an owning own-on engine back there I took it apart here a while back. It had it had a throne rod too and I was going to rebuild it but I Got to looking real close at the crank. It's scored. I could probably clean it up, but it's not something I would want to trust Maybe on something fun, whatever, but it's not something I would want to really Really trust with Yeah I'll get you down here in just a second, but that's sure enough what I thought Definitely a Definitely throw a rod Let me get you down here Use my new tripod. I got a new tripod It's called the key training center. It's something like It's something like a good will I got it for three bucks Looks like it's never been used maybe once if that Came in the case came with an extra base plate got it for three bucks I looked them looked them up. They're $35 new. So that's pretty good deal. It's still like my older one better But see that there's the rod and there's the rod cap that right here at your oil slinger So yeah, it cracked the rod right there. So And they may have over revved it. Sorry guys They may have over revved this engine. Okay, sorry to interrupt the video guys, but During editing I noticed this This is a low oil pressure switch It will if you get low on oil this thing will shut off some plug Someone has unplugged that that goes in there and this plugs up into that yellow wire up there So did they run it low on oil didn't check the oil wouldn't start and unplugged that one ahead and ran it That's a very good possibility. That could be a good sign right there Of why this thing blew up You know and then a lot of times when something blows up then they put oil in it, so Yeah, after it's too late, but that's what that is. That's a low oil pressure switch or low oil switch This don't have a pump on it But it does See user must check oil every eight hours or voyage warranty Well, I think the warranty is pretty well shot on this So yeah, there it is that Is probably the culprit It ran low on oil shut off on them didn't have spark They just unplugged that and then when it was too late They went ahead and added oil because it had enough oil in it. It was full of oil And that oil though it does look a little dark it doesn't look bad So that would be my guess on What blew this engine that would be That's what I would say happened to that thing. Also. I got to look and that kit does come with the gasket that first whole kit Where you get the piston rod ring wrist pin It does come with the gasket I'd be into it for you know a little more Than what it's worth really I'd still be into it for because I'd have to buy them the recoil starter I found them for like 17 something so tax and everything it'd be, you know, let's just say 20 bucks. So You're looking 74 dollars. I can buy that whole engine for you know 120 But I don't know might be fun I may pull that rod out of there and check the rod and see and see if that rod is any good That'd be the main thing All right back to the video, but I just wanted to see What what we were looking at on this thing Definitely, but it's not it's not worth By these engines as cheap as they are I'm not going to rebuild it as close to him out of that came in real good shape These are your lifters are also known as tappets not too bad. I've seen worse and they're runnable So I can save that cam That's pretty beefy cam t32. Yeah, this would be the same cam that They're selling I just showed you on them Go power sports for 54 bucks. So But like I said, if I was going to rebuild it I sure would put a new cam in it because I would go with it with a beefier cam.  It's 50 bucks. You're looking at what? Almost well, let's just say 80 bucks You know, you have any rebuilding this engine It's just it's not feasible Yeah, it's just not feasible to rebuild it. I got some good parts off of it. I wasn't even interested in it So that's that I just thought I'd bring it along With you this was filmed yesterday by the way so I thought I'd bring it along with me just to kind of dissect that a little bit You know running autopsy on it and like I said, I got the carburetor I'm sure the coil is good because I mean it was running when it blew up. So you know The tanks good the cams good The crank is probably good, but I'd have to get I would say the crank is okay But I'd probably have to get that off of there to check for sure Yeah, there's a couple good parts on it, which I wasn't even you know expecting really to do anything with So Yeah, there it is Okay guys, so anyway, thanks for watching Hope you like my hope you like my light show. It's pretty much done I got a couple more things. I want to do I might do I don't know if I will or not But we'll have to see so anyway guys again. Thanks for watching appreciate it I was pretty sure I knew what was wrong with it, but I thought well why not bring you guys along with me especially after I found out That that predator engine is made by Honda, you know That's not you know, like I said that that thing was never it's never been off of there It was on there when it was bought new So yeah, Honda does make predator engines. I don't know if they make them all there could be some clones like the $119 one. I'm sure it's not gonna be Brandon Honda, but that one is a Honda Or it's a Honda with a predator tank one of the two So anyway guys that kind of solves that mystery. Yeah, Honda's do make some predator engines Or they use predator parts That's definitely a predator engine. So All right guys, thanks for watching. We'll see you in the next one. Shea bear the myth man legend gone for now Bye. Bye guys. Take care