is a presentation of T F N N. Trading hour with your host David White. Call now toll free at 1<PHONE_NUMBER> internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Now, David and welcome all to another exciting edition of the Power Trading Hour with me today. We'd like to come to you at this time. The following takes place between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m. So we've got a market up about six and a half points on the S and P cash about 154 on the Dow up 32 on the Nasdaq Brussels up nine. To me, the thing you've got to be what you're looking for is not only the dollar, I mean the share volume, but the dollar volume. It is puny puny week week week and the volume right now just turning 3 point and I was called 3.3 billion shares for the day up to one o'clock lightest day in the last two years of a full trading day. So there has been no energy for the last few days. In fact, extremely light volume. Of course, we start getting earnings in later next week. I had a question just as we started the show that asked me what I'm thinking about earnings per share in the banks and tax. I don't think there's a great deal up or down in most of these companies on the actual earnings. It's all about what they forecast. There were a lot of stocks last cycle that had rather poor earnings cycle, but gave good forecast. A lot of them had good forecast had good earnings and poor forecast, and it was more of the forecast than anything else. Let's go to the first one here, I want to think about because they actually gave really nasty forecast. A D B E Adobe and it all mattered for about. One day and they went just started going back up now that they've had one decent day of volume back on the 20th and that's it and a great deal of these companies that that's exactly what these charts all look like. Did they have volume at the highs? Well, it was about what the previous high was. So is it a ringing endorsement? No, as the last five or eight days been literally starved for volume, narrow trading ranges, sideways trading ranges, generally a good indication that highs if you go sideways in the volume slight, it's distribution. If you get up to the highs with lots of volume and it's pushing higher, more people are buying the buy the breakout, not seeing that and a great deal of what I'm looking at. In fact, we'll look at some more charts later on in the show. But. You know what? Just I mean, incredibly incredibly light volume doesn't mean that we can't crawl up a little bit more. It could, but I'm saying there's probably 50% chance of, you know, 10, 15 points higher in the S and P. And it equal 50% chance that you see maybe the next couple of weeks, a 100 points lower. So the risk reward is pretty horrible up at this point, and it just gets worse with the lack of volume. Generally, they do not be short a quiet market, and I would say that except. At very much at highs. Now, maybe they know something about the trade deal that we do not know. Handful of people keep pushing the market.  A piece of straw. Throwing it on a camel's back, just asking when is it going to break? Um. Is there a lot of downside problems? No, but at same time, everybody's seen this big move. They're not about to buy it at the same time. They're about to buy it at the very highest price. You nearly almost always need some kind of retrace. So people at least think that they're getting a good deal. That they didn't pay top dollar and then the stock market collapsed on them. And right now there's just nobody are very few people willing to throw money at this market at the very highs. So yeah, I don't know what they're going to say. Going forward, and even then it will probably be ignored. So I don't know what else you can say other than that. Sometimes they believe people. If they're out there singing the roof, the roof, the roof is on fire. Let the Well anyway, some people may know that song, uh, but that's it. But we haven't had any volume now for a couple of weeks. We've had some big short squeezes. But I tell you what, especially I wrote in the Tech Insider today the issues that I have with the SMH's. But that's it. What are we got a few minutes here? Let's go ahead and do some history and then we'll get into the rest of the show. On this day in 1979, it was a glorious day. It was a day that kissed the earth. Disco was killed by a public backlash that reached its peak on this day in 1979 with the infamous disco demolition night at Chicago's Kaminsky Park. That incident, which led to at least nine injuries, 39 arrests and the cancellation forfeit of a major league baseball game is widely credited or depending on your experience, you'll see that with dealing disco. It's death blow. The event was a brainchild of Steve Dahl and Gary Minor, a couple of shock jocks, one of which had his station had just of course, like most management waited for the absolute top of the market to switch to an all disco format. The doll was the one that originally moved from WLUP when the station switched to its all disco format. And of course, at least I don't think music really recovered until maybe 1986 or maybe 1987. There was some bright spots in it, but for the most part, a plague was released on the airways of America and at least the tide started to get turned today in 1979. As most people know, I love music. Disco was an anathema to that the cotton candy of music, in my opinion. But that is a day that will live not in infamy but in glory. Okay, what else do we have? Go back here and look real quick. Dollar index. It's down about 20 cents. $96. 47. No, excuse me. $96. We have 47 cents. When we look at the rest of it, like I said, the market volume is just barely moving 3.3 billion shares on the CBOE consolidated tape. And of course, even with all the yelling and screaming of impending doom for for the golf when we look at crude where's that at? Oh, there it is. It's up so not that much going on. Gold up $8.50 silver up 10 cents. We'll be back with it. The Taz profile scanner is the most revolutionary piece of trading software that you will ever try. Wouldn't you like to approach the markets with confidence? As you begin your trading day, it's likely that you'll be faced with lots of decisions in order to make the best decision. The first thing you'll need is a strategy to help you minimize your risks. Whether we're in a bull or bear market, a good strategy is to have the tools needed to help you scan and analyze the markets before you trade. 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You can still visit us at the same TFNN.com URL but when you do you'll see a new and improved homepage with a much simpler navigation whether you're watching Tiger TV live in high definition or just accessing your newsletter subscriptions. We even have new pricing in six months and yearly options. Check out the new TFNN.com now and experience all the upgrades. TFNN.com educating investors. Call now toll free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> We're opining in the Tigers Den about how I have to listen to a almost an hour of Dave Matthews band to get sane again after a chance encounter with Disco and of course nothing better than this seven eight time songs that I don't how many people can still play in seven, eight time and do it well. Maybe he's the last one I guess you go to like a concert pianist somewhere but yeah that's about it nothing more to get a Disco song out of your head than seven, eight time themed songs see anything else out here we'll go back take a quick look three thousand and seven on the next but again no real juice see if there's anything else going as John from Philadelphia and the Tigers Den brought up the Anheuser-Busch Budweiser Asia IPO is officially kapoot that's a Russian word I think and I think it's been kind of signal for the last few days that it was going nowhere fast always kind of an interesting idea to take a brand that's an American brand and then have it bought by yet another company and see you got down to eighty five dollars and twenty five cents so far today and it's bounced up a little bit I just never understood taking a brand that had a flag on the label and pushing it that way but of course I'm not a beer drinker it's not a big deal to me but I've always have been in love with one of the former Bud girls Luanne Tweedon if you ever look her up in my racing days she used to run around the paddock racing and I thought she was the prettiest girl I'd ever seen in my life what else do we have big movers today ILMN he fell off the cliff today and we get the news on that just blew apart but this is kind of what I suspect a lot of these stocks look like right now we've been bringing it up I was looking at I didn't see a lot fundamentally with the company that's wrong but we've been talking about the double repo pattern and this is what kind of the entire market looks like I'm not expecting the death of Illumina as bad as we've seen it here ILMN Illumina let me get that back up okay and see okay let me read the article here um it's tanking today down 16% at 1030 after the genomic sequence leader announced preliminary results for its second quarter on Thursday Illumina said that it expected to report 835 million which is 50 million lower than Wall Street Dan and List anticipated and of course nothing like seeing revenue numbers did because those are the hardest ones to phony the company also updated its full year 2019 guidance and now projects revenue growth around 6% less than half of its previous forecast at the beginning of this year between 13 and 14% pretty hefty price this thing has done nothing but go to the moon I think that there's a good business core business here it's just ridiculously priced didn't quite make it down to the 300 dollar and 35 cent low on May 20th but I think that there are a lot of tech companies out here that could do a similar pattern and again we've been talking about this double repo pattern that highs or ballistic markets I like it a lot better than a parabolic SAR and some of the others but what you want to look for is a 10, 15 days sometimes longer in this case you had 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 25 days basically going above a trending uptrend either 3 day displaced moving average or that pattern you got to close again yesterday below it the gap down would have been the trigger to pull to yesterday but of course you were going into earnings who wants to get in front of a buzz saw of biotech that can go either way you had a fairly good one but this is kind of what a great deal of the market actually looks like right now I was actually going through these so we'll just go through them as fast but these are possible double repo patterns that I was scanning for and some of them are and some of them aren't. Adobe is one I'm watching very closely for yet another close under a 3x3 this thing as we said to begin with I gave poor guidance forward market ignored it started pushing it up anyway and I wonder if this isn't when the chickens will come home to roost. What else do we have out here and Akamai this is going back into a huge gap that instantly got filled this goes back to May 1st got up to 8619 on 4.6 million shares going back into the base of that now today with this 270,000 shares so we're talking about light light volume if there anybody stuck up there it's going to take forever with this kind of volume to chew through it so I do think that either being in cash or being short is probably the wisest thing to be right now Altira another one of these stocks that had been on a one way ride since the low of June 5th that was a 3370 you're getting a close below the 3 by 3 today on very light volume and I think you've got problematic issues in all of the SMH's and I wrote about that today in the tech insider one of the reasons I decided to get out of our long positions yesterday is I suspect this will kind of infect it AMD is on the war path and that war path is going to mean diminishing margins for probably both Nvidia and Intel and with all three of those problematically being hit it's going to be a very tough ride on the SMH's as we said we were pointing out earlier I think yesterday advanced micro devices already tested the $34 30 cent high of June 10th with about 27 cents shy but only two thirds of the volume on the 11th we're back in there it still hasn't cracked on that right shoulder set up by the 3 by 3 or a 9 day moving average but it's close couple more days that closes below it I suspect we'll be back down in the 28th really quick we'll be back in Washington the path of least resistance is David white's daily trading newsletter and if you're looking for active trading ideas then now's a perfect time for a 30 day free trial to this powerful daily trading advisory service David uses his years of trading experience to offer his subscribers his trading ideas each morning in his path of least resistance newsletter with no obligation to pay anything David has been delivering solid recommendations for his 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allows you to scan thousands of stocks for Fibonacci formation setups including guardleafs, ABCs, butterflies and much more the art of timing the trade charts is designed to help you when scouring the markets for stocks just beginning to form the trading patterns that many investors spend days weeks or even months searching to find and right now we're offering licenses available at only $79 a month we are so confident that you're gonna love this new charting software that will even give you a 30 day unconditional money back guarantee don't miss out on this incredible new piece of software get your copy of the art of timing the trade charts today by visiting TFNN.com this segment is brought to you by thinkorswim for more information just click the thinkorswim banner on the front page of TFNN.com and we're back looking at a few stocks a lot of these have some trend lines on the way up just no volume like Ambrilla let's say look at the retracement here Ambrilla's backup got to it's a 618 retracement that was $46.22 you got to $46.36 but I mean this thing hasn't had any volume last day was on the 5th of June so just nothing and sometimes described as pushing on a string maybe you get a little bit of action but that's about it let's take a look at Abbott I'm not not a good stock to short because it's been in this trading range but a longer trading range is fairly good same kind of thing not much energy on the way higher let's turn a few of these off so they look a little clearer you've got kind of the first signs in a lot of these that they are getting ready to do a double repo pattern through next week this credit court BAP symbol you want a couple of days above the 3x3 and then the next turn down would be highly problematic you want if you're mostly if you're trying to get this one correct you want it to go above that and then the next close below it a lot of times you will just find that these things fall directly out of bed when they do do that well somebody in the then saying that they had a friend that worked for Abbott we were kind of a small company making huge margins and the CEO decided he wanted to get into that business and I showed almost all the shares of the company I had needless to say they did not like me much anymore and of course two years after that they sold out for a fourth of what I sold my shares for but little companies shouldn't pick on big companies best to buy this is coming into its April 24th high $75.91 2.4 million shares you're just shy of that by 50 cents with 1.4 million shares today and generally this is when these companies pull back fairly significantly until there's a product to buy for Christmas present. I'm unsure why this thing is rallying on very light energy out here but this may be generally you get a good mid-July 1st of August to first couple weeks of September of a down move in consumer electronics why everybody's trying to figure out what's going to happen to see what else we have in our list of things out here and then we'll see what Delta Airlines is doing going into earnings next week it's through its previous two highs around this 61 and $60 level 11 million shares 12 million shares today you're rocketing through it with 6.8 million shares so far so again just whatever shorts there are out there are getting squeezed into the front of earnings a question about 3D systems in the mail too so we'll do that again pretty wide trading range in this thing got down to $6.36 this may be a washout they've got a brand new centered metal printer that is supposed to be extremely hot and everybody's in the industry saying a lot about it I'm wondering if they weren't attacked to wash out the weekends today we'll see how this trades the next couple of days but I'm starting to think that there's a lot more to these 3D companies in the near future Stratasys had a huge day a lot of these companies are massively shorted in 3D printing space it's kind of hanging up here which is kind of amazing I didn't think it would hang up here this long but a little bit of a pullback you want to be able to see if you could buy this back at $26 for 3D systems EGO again these stocks as I said yesterday to the caller who was looking to go short in dust I didn't see I like the patterns in these there's going to be a fairly sharp and quick pullback when these do turn but as far as I can tell you right now there is no signal up here that says you should be froggy and start jumping after these no volume on the way back up what you want this thing to do is close below 3x3 displaced moving average close back above it pull the trigger what else do we have Finistar FNSR a lot of these stocks just barely keeping an uptrend going and literally vacuum for volume Finistar got up to $2,404 came back down it's been going sideways for a little while this one looks like it could easily get back to $20.75 for those stocks in the liquefied natural gas business you've had kind of a little bounce off these lows in this case the June 14th low at $12.94 you got up to $14.93 a little dojiat here this does not look like it's an improving business I still think this business will be good one day but not so good that way Goldman Sachs coming into earnings here in the next two weeks going through it's 5 million share high of April 12th at $209.97 I got through that yesterday with a 3.7 million shares today up on 14 yeah 1.4 million shares yesterday with 3.6 million shares so again breaking out no sign of strength these things can hang out for a few days but generally the problem with playing these is you got to just sit on your hands if you get short for these things to pull back in I am not one that will short Goldman Sachs or the rest of the cabal of evil on Wall Street mostly because they have their own trading floor if you short them right away they do everything in the world to put out fake articles and everything else to run anybody that short their stock out of it it is incredibly tough stock to short maybe a lot of signals trying to get you to do that I just think that there is greener pastures elsewhere to go after these stocks they have their own mostly because they know all the tricks and they pull them all to do Lockheed Martin since this last gap up has been moving fire last two days starting to see kind of a crest in that I think of course Iran Iran doing a lot of the saber rattling has moved the stock up but 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6 days sideways so far watch out for the pullback is generally flat at highs is distribution if you are in the CD market and looking for a secure investment the Tiger First mortgage program may work for you the security for these first 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prospectus should be read carefully before investing an investment in the funds is subject to risk including the possible loss of principal the funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors distributor 4 side fund services LLC don't forget you can listen to TFNN live on your mobile device 24 hours per day go to TFNN.com then hit watch Tiger TV that's TFNN.com then hit watch Tiger TV and we'll take a look at a few more of these but get I mean this is about as close to nerve racking at these highs with no juice take a look at SBLK this is star bulk carriers a lot of these bulk carriers have been moving up over the past but the last four or five days the volume is significantly dropped off so I think that maybe they've gone a little bit over the tip of the skis for thinking a trade deal is becoming imminent but I do not see that anyway you had some volume back on the fifth but the last few days this thing's really done nothing but go sideways at about ten and a half I think we're probably going to see some action in these bulk carriers next week and that may tell you more about trade deals happening than not happening in the near future and see if there's anything else someone wanted me to look at Microsoft Microsoft had a nice announcement about what they were doing with the Microsoft teams versus SBLK we talked about this when it first came out which is a symbol of work Microsoft actually said yesterday that they had two million more users on Microsoft teams than there were for SBLK SBLK still in its quiet period so they cannot respond but I wanted to see how if anything I figured it would be down a little bit there isn't a lot of volume but there isn't a lot of shares in this stock so I'm not too surprised the question is did they push this out just in time and get some cash in and of course a lot of other people are debating the exact same question that LinkedIn had and that is can you survive by yourself anymore going up against Facebook or Google or the rest is their size and scale basically a monopoly in the market capitalism is great we found one mistake and that is just like playing monopoly eventually one person can end up with all the money so we have monopoly and antitrust laws to fix the one real big problem with capitalism but certainly this broke lower I don't think anything is going to happen soon and of course during quiet period they can't really even defend themselves if there is something to defend themselves against but we brought this up and this stock came out that it was problematic at the best and another teachable moment it doesn't matter how much I love the company the stock doesn't always represent the company it may be a wonderful product that no one buys or it may be a wonderful product that no one is willing to spend money on and the question is what if Google didn't do anything with your searches just did it for free but you had to pay a dime for each search would you do that after paying nothing for it would you ever pay anything for it that is the problem with Slack in that they've been kind of doing it for free for a long time and the question is will it monetize there used to be a late night host that did a thing called will it float something in a pool maybe it will float maybe it won't well the question is you don't really know and maybe they went public just so someone would have to buy them out at a higher price that would give them enough cash to hang around a couple of years to go after it but not looking good today to do what else do we have okay got a few other things a lot of these stocks in my list are all in these bulk shippers and they're still a little higher but certainly looks like everybody's front running trade deals and have been for the last week or 10 days but these things are looking especially like today some doji's out there with not much in the way of volume always make you want to go a IPO for a couple of years ago continues to run that is Shake Shack looks like awful close to finishing in ABC on the way back up pulled back from 6702 on May 3rd in two days back to $56.63 and started its move once again back higher still no signal that it's over I don't see a lot left in the tank here just infantile volume that we see Oracle got kind of some bad news lost a lawsuit I wrote a little bit about that in the tech insider which you can go to the front page of TFNN and subscribe to so once a week fairly inexpensive it will keep you up to date and have some fairly good trades in fact we took some good money off the table this week for a nice trade from what 38 bucks to 49 on one so nice anyway a lot of these stocks like we're saying any close below some of these moving average and you can have some fairly quick pullbacks to support and resistance levels there's a big gap from 53 to 56 from Oracle wouldn't be surprised to see that get back to 55 bucks for expiration next week seems to be one question coming in about restoration hardware no signal quite yet but close still no cigar I would like to see at least 128 on that to pull the trigger and I love a lot more for it get to 130 and get rid of a lot of the too easy shorts in this in the market slumber J which I think earnings coming up in a week or two up to 42 bucks and that is a fairly decent retracement level to to although you're going to get a little bit more out here and that's this confluence range that starts at about 43 and a half bucks energy and it's often on out here but I think if you were in this long from 34 or 46 which is the low on May 31st or somewhere around there your target would have to be 43 dollars and 37 cents where you would have to say ams gray at and lay I did that royal gold we look at this one already yeah oh no he didn't we looked at another one gold same thing no sign just yet royal gold when it does pull back pretty good indication that 95 dollars is support on it from the one 10 25 it hit today so as soon as you start seeing this weekend and set up for the next ABC got a pretty good target on its back right there to to to that's SLB got that anything else got a question coming in on the email on XLF and what's going on on that well certainly you're going against the previous high of May 1st that had 68 million shares at 28 dollars and 14 cents you got over it on the on July 5th you're back up here today with the 16 million shares going after the 68 million share high and of course you just got 40 million shares on the 5th going on into that May 1st high so not a lot of juice back up here at these eyes a little bit higher a whole lot low point I'm certain you are or strive to be one of the best of the best at everything you do in life it's the most common trait that we Tigers and Tigers share if you're looking to become the best of the best when it comes to managing your money let me teach you to do what most wealth managers tell you can't be done which is how to time the markets I'm Steve Rhodes author of Mastering Probability and for the last 12 months Timer Digest has been tracking my newsletter signals which have earned me the ranking as their number one market timer in the nation for the S&P 500 for the last 12, 6 and 3 months Timer Digest also ranks me as the number one market timer for gold as well the fact is markets can be timed and I'll teach you the exact set of tools that I use that has transformed me into one of the best at what I do Sign up for Mastering Probability today by clicking on the newsletter tab on the homepage of TFNN.com and get immediate access to workshops where I take you step by step how to use an extraordinary set of tools as well as provide great market calls to sign up today David White's newsletter The Technology Insider is focused like a laser on finding the next big things in technology if you had invested only $10,000 in Microsoft in 1986 you'd have been a millionaire by 2000 Disruptive technology like Microsoft is the key to these massive long-term profits and the tech insider is the vehicle from TFNN to capitalize on these opportunities This is the go-to newsletter that identifies monitors and profits on mostly little known cutting-edge companies with great long-term prospects David's experience is as an inventor of Emmy-winning animation products for TV and Hollywood that propelled a company public. Match that with 14 years as a full-time trader and he's uniquely qualified to guide you through the light-speed world of ever-evolving high tech If you're ready to ride the next big technology bull market for less than $40 per month, log on to TFNN.com and get your two-week free trial to the Technology Insider Get in on the ground floor of the next big thing today Since 1984 Basil Chapman has been using the Chapman Wave methodology to advise traders of his expert market opinion. While originally hand-drawing charts from the late 1970s into the 1980s Basil noticed that prices under most circumstances virtually always had a certain number of legs to the upside before declining sharply. Later Basil found that computer software which included the standard market technical indicators enhanced the degree of accuracy and calling price turns as well as market trend calls. Thus was born the Chapman Wave sequence. Using the Chapman Wave methodology with other indicators, Basil Chapman advises his subscribers of his expert market opinion each market day with his opening call newsletter. Right now you can get a two-week free trial to the opening call Basil's daily trading newsletter by visiting the front page of TFNN.com Cancel at any time during that trial and pay absolutely nothing. Get your two-week free trial to Basil's newsletter the opening call today by visiting TFNN.com Catch Tom O'Brien professional trader and educator of TFNN also a special guest on CNBC Tom will bisect and dissect the markets the Tom O'Brien show next on TFNN and had a e-mail to take a look at the fang stocks just before we leave NFL X take a quick look Do I see anything there? I mean this one as we said you want to watch these when they close below and you certainly got a decent close below on Netflix already it doesn't have that pattern that I'm looking for but it does show you that it's probably in some weakness and will stay underneath that three by three display moving average for a little while or a nine day moving average whatever you want again I think this one has and is showing with both volume and its business model that it's spending a ton getting less for content they will also be losing some of the bigger shoes come 2020 and I think we talked a little bit about that earlier 3009 is the S&P as we speak so it's up nine points volume is ghost town we don't even have going into three o'clock four billion shares yet and this is this is this is weak 3.7 billion shares so this could be the lowest of volume full a day in a couple of years so very very quiet and not a lot of reason to push other than the fact that we are going to earnings season so we'll see what happens on Monday I don't expect that a lot is going to happen in the news other than our friends out there in New Orleans who are already flooded but I guess if you live 10 or 20 feet below sea level you got to kind of expect it certainly not the place like a tall mountain we're going to find Noah's Ark one day but certainly there anyway we're back up to highs there has been no volume got a little bit of short covering into the end and this is you have to have the faith if you're going to be short that is looking down the barrel of a gun you got one then you pull the trigger to shoot back we'll see you Monday same bat channel same bat time and so when you can


This is stock number 11360. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used Jeep and Jeep Wrangler headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2015 Jeep Wrangler Rubicon. This vehicle has the 3.6 liter award-winning Pentastar v6 motor. It has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. It has four like new tires and this Jeep is 100% ready to go. Black clear coat is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the vehicle before seeing it in person. And if you'd like to check out all the photos on this Jeep in the upper right hand part of your screen is a link to our website. Click that and check us out there. This one comes with the granite crystal and polished aluminum alloy rims and it has like new Falcon Wild Peak LT285 70R17 tires and these tires look like they have probably about 90 to 95% of the tread left. Lots of tread left on those tires. Front fender is in really nice shape. You can see any major scuffs or scrapes on that. It comes with the LED headlamps and the LED fog lamps has an aftermarket front bumper on it. You get the KC highlights there and they're I believe they're LEDs and you do get a worn VR8-S winch on here. We do have the controller for that winch in the back of the Jeep. You get those LED fog lamps and nice red tail hooks on the front. Seven slotted grille. The hood is in really nice shape. Passing side front fenders in pretty nice condition and the passenger side rim no major scuffs or scrapes on there. As you go down this side of the Jeep take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle you can see the Jeep, hear the Jeep and have confidence in what you're looking at before you even get here so that when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises. That hard top looks good and that's why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen. A link right to our website where you can apply for financing. Get pre-approved, see a payment quote, even appraise a trade all from the comfort of your own home. So when you do get here all you got to do is drive the vehicle, love it, you'll be all set to go. Back tires have just as much tread as the front tires and it looks like we did brand new brakes on the back here. Frame and underbody, pretty nice shape. Got a little bit of surface rust but it is a 2015. Those quadri-check steps are in nice shape and it does come with the rock rails on here as well. I didn't see any dents or dings in the door. I didn't see any dents or dings on that rear quarter. This one does have I believe it's MBRP chrome tipped dual rear exhaust towing package with the receiver hitch and four pin wiring. You get the matching spare tire and that's a brand new tire so that still has the little wear knobs on it. You can see how much tread is on that compared to the tread on the tires. So like I said, very new tires on there. Rear bumpers in pretty nice shape. I didn't see any major dents or dings. Back storage area is very nice and clean. Those seats do fold down and up and they also come out. Front seats got to be ahead a little bit more for those to go down and up but they do fold up like so and you also have, there's your winch controller and your hardtop removal kit. That's where you put all your bolts for your hardtop and door hinges and there's three bolts on each side of that hardtop and two on the top and two quick disconnects to get that hardtop off. Back doors in pretty nice shape and as you go down this side of the Jeep just as clean as that passenger side no major dents or dings. For full disclosure this back rim is in nice shape as well and the hardtop on this side is in nice condition. I didn't see any major scuffs or scrapes on it. Driver's side door looks pretty good. No major dents on that and you do get heated power mirrors.  There are no rips, there are no tears on the seats. Driver's seat height adjuster also to get into the back. Note that this one does have the side curtain airbags which is an option on the Wranglers. Back seats are in really nice shape no rips or tears back there it does have the latch child safety system. If you want to try and get a car seat back there you can definitely try. Axle lock and sway bar disconnect those are the two things that definitely make a Rubicon a Rubicon. You can only get those two options on the Rubicon and then power locks. As we hop inside the vehicle we'll turn the ignition on so you can see the instrument cluster here 33,739 miles instrument cluster is very nice and clean. You do get a compass and outside temperature display. You do get the leather wrapped steering wheel cruise controls on the right bluetooth and information center controls on the left AM FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities on the radio CD player and an aux jack. You got your power window buttons there. Climate controls down here your heated seat buttons stability control downhill assist control power mirror button or control I should say four by four shifter on the floor and your five speed automatic transmission. Weather tech and floor mats in the front here and the passenger side seat no rips or tears on there smells very clean inside this Jeep I don't think it's ever been smoked in the head front hard top pieces on the inside are in nice condition and pretty easy to get these hard top pieces off you got a couple quick disconnects you pull unscrew these and then these hard top pieces do come off there's two disconnects right there as well but you got to take those off before you take the front hard top pieces off windshield looks really good that is the original windshield and you do get the Jeep logo up there as well as the Jeep climbing up the side we'll actually start it up take a quick look under the hood and then I'll show you all those headlights and fog lights and make sure I got the fog lights on so you got those led fog lights headlamps and the led highlights I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and to see more pictures of this Jeep you can go to our website summitaud.com under the hood we have the 3.6 liter pentastar v6 motor engine base very clean runs very smooth once again this jeep has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off has like new tires on it and once again this jeep is 100 ready to go I'm going to go to the back of the vehicle so you can hear that exhaust does sound pretty good with that mbrp exhaust on here and to see more pictures of this Jeep or one of our other 450 new and used cars trucks scvs minivans wranglers you name it we got it put our website right there www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more hd videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there in fact in a second you'll see links to subscribe to our youtube channel on your left it links more Jeep wrangler videos like this one right if you have not been our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out we're super excited to help you with this extremely clean 2015 Jeep wrangler rubicon two-door and black clear coat thanks again for checking out the video


One of the best ways to get over nervousness before running a workshop is to not try to get over it. What? Really? No. Really. Don't try to get rid of the nervousness. Expect that you're going to be nervous before a workshop. Expect that you won't sleep well. Expect that you might not feel 100% and just accept that you're going to feel nervous. You're going to feel a bit afraid. And the more you accept it, the less you try to fight it. Weirdly enough, the less nervous you get. You're going to be nervous for a workshop, accept it, and believe it or not, you're going to get less nervous. That's it.


också. Det är det varje around that that Supercomputing kan ge in från our understanding of the brain. Så först av all, we know that the neuroscience field needs Supercomputing. We have a lot of data. It's fragmented and we lack this mechanistic understanding of the brain. And one way to improve that is, is of course to try to do a multi-scale integration of the knowledge and data that we have and then modeling and simulations of various aspects of the brain is a way forward. And sometimes that also requires real time simulations or sometimes even simulation that goes faster than that because if you want to study development or plasticity, learning and so on. We might not want to wait as long as it takes in reality. So we might even want to go beyond real time simulations. And this we will hear about represented by the speakers today how to speed up the simulations as much as possible. Also, it's the other way around that future computing will gain from our improved understanding of the brain. So we already know that our brains have amazing information capabilities and they are much more energy efficient than today's computers. And also they are robust, full tolerant and they can adapt to a changing environment and all of these things we can get inspiration from when when trying to develop future computing technologies. And we will also hear examples of that during the workshop how to implement more brain like capabilities on onto your morphic computing systems. So we have four talks, 20, 25 minutes each, which will exemplify these things. We will hear about the challenge to simulate a large part of the cerebellum. That means that we have to really have efficient systems. And we will also hear how how a simulation tool called Brian can can help us when we want to switch between different platforms in an efficient way. And we will also hear how how neuromorphic engineering systems can can be inspired by the how the brain works. And also we will get exemplified how we can enhance neuromorphic systems with brain like capability, such as learning and plasticity. OK, so the first speaker is. Hadashi Yamazaki. Han har en komputer science från Tokyo Institute of Technology. Han var en research scientist at the Rieken Rainscience Institute. Och nu har han en assistent professor of mathematical information sciences at the University of Electro communication in Tokyo. Tack för en introduktion, och det är ett tack till organiserat av this Congress for inviting me to this world, this Congress, the organiser for inviting me to this Congress. But actually this is my first time to visit Australia, so I'm very excited about this. So it's big thank you for you all. And today I'd like to talk about the cerebellum. Most of you know that the cerebellum, this one, this small one. Yeah, this one. And actually this is small. The cerebellum is a Latin word meaning the small brain. It's actually small. It only occupies the 10% of the whole brain volume. So it's small. However, the cerebellum contains about 80% of neurons in the whole brain. So it makes me the cerebellum really active. So the cerebellum does something very useful using this animals number of neurons. That's the point. Another important thing of the cerebellum is that the spontaneous firing rate is very high compared to the cerebellar cortical neurons. So this means that even when we are just resting, our cerebellum is doing something very useful for some purposes. It's a kind of mystery. So what does the cerebellum do? Traditionally, the cerebellum is thought to play an important role for motor learning and motor control. These days, however, several lines of evidence suggest that the cerebellum is involved even for cognitive functions such as working memory. And in our current understanding, the cerebellum is thought to learn or acquire internal models and use it for these tasks. Let me explain what an internal model is and how the cerebellum uses it for these tasks. The pink boxes represent higher motor cortexes and primary motor cortex, som are sensory cortexes and some controlled body parts such as an arm. This is a schematic of feedback error learning proposed by Dr. Kabato many years ago. So these pink regions represent some feedback control of our body parts. The higher motor area from the desired movement and the primary motor cortex generates a motor command to achieve this desired movement. And the motor command generally moves the actual body parts such as an arm. The desired movement was fed back to the primary motor cortex to be at the sensory cortex. So this is a feedback control. And the green box is the cerebellum and the cerebellum is attached like this and sharing the same input from the higher motor cortex with this primary motor cortex. The cerebellum learns an internal model of the primary motor cortex, which is that table of input and output relationship of the primary motor cortex. So actually the cerebellum can try to mimic the dynamics of the primary motor cortex. And after the learning, the cerebellum offloads the computation performed by the primary motor cortex originally and it replaces the feedback control with feed forward control by this. So this is what the cerebellum is thought to do in our current understanding. So the role of the cerebellum may be the computation offloading of the primary motor cortex or the cerebellar cortex. How is the cerebellar circuit? This is an illustration of a cerebral cortical nuclear micro complex. This is this is thought to be done from functional module of the cerebellum. The micro complex is composed of just seven major types of neurons. They are granules cells, Godi cells, Pukinji cells, cell cells, basket cells and inferior body cells and cerebellar nuclear neurons. And I already, I already thought that the cerebellum contains about 80% of neurons in the whole brain and most of them are cerebral granules cells. They are the smallest neurons in the whole brain and the number is enormous. Actually, they are the summer size is just five micrometer and they are densely packed as dense as one million neurons per one cube millimeter. So the cerebellum is composed of many small tiny computational elements granules cells. Moreover, the cerebellum has a modular organization of micro complex seeds. So the cerebellum is organized by a copy and paste of these micro complexes and the whole the cerebellum is generated. So summarizing the functional role of the cerebellum is a computational offloading of the cerebral cortex and the structure is a many core architecture composed of cerebellar granules cells and has a modular organization of micro complexes. So these properties remind us the graphics processing unit. This is a figure of NVIDIA graphics GPU, maybe K20, perhaps. And GPU, the computational functional module is a streaming merge processor and one merge process streaming merge processor is composed of many computational elements called the quads. And a whole GPU is a copy and paste of the streaming merge processors. So we may say that if the cerebral cortex was a CPU, then the cerebellum would be a GPU. This is my first message. I've been building a very large scale spiking network model of the cerebellum to date. And next I will explain how I implement it and how we conduct numerical simulation efficiently. So this is a schematic of the cerebellum model that we have been building. And this is actually a model of one cube millimeter of the cerebellum. And so it contains more than one million granules cells. And we also contain some other types of neurons with these numbers. And they are modeled as conductance-based RIKI Internet Fire Units. The neurons are connected according to the anatomical data. And the set of parameters are taken from rodents electrophysiological data. It's kind of realistic network. Moreover, there are two plasticity sites. One is at parallel fiber parking cell synapses and which undergo a long-term depression or LTD by conjunctive activation of parallel fibers and climbing fiber. The other site is around here, mostly around here, mostly fiber cerebellum nuclear cell synapses, which undergo both bidirectional plasticity, both LTP and LTD, by some Fabian mechanisms. So once we build this kind of model, we need to conduct a numerical simulation. This is a generalized pursuit code of computer simulation for neural network. Most of you know that this kind of code. The outer loop represents this. This is a loop for time. And for each time step, we need to calculate some neuron dynamics. The inner loop represents a loop for neurons. And for each neuron and for each time step, we calculate the synaptic conductance and update the increment of membrane potential, and we update all the neuron states. And these three steps must be done sequentially. If we focus on this calculation, the calculation of one, this calculation of just one neuron is independent of other neurons. So using GPUs, we can parallelize this part with respect to the neurons. Here note that we cannot calculate different, we cannot perform different calculations on different GPUs or different GPU cores. All of the GPU cores must perform the same calculation on different datasets. So this kind of computation is called single instruction and multiple state, called SIMT for short. So once again, the same calculation on different datasets must be performed on the GPU. So of course, this is a limitation. We cannot perform any kind of calculations on GPUs. We must perform only the same calculation on the old GPU cores. So this is a limitation, but SIMT is actually ideal for the server model, by the following reasons. The obvious bottleneck of computer simulation of our cellular model is, of course, one million granule cells. And all the granule cells obey the same dynamic equations. So we can just perform the same calculation. And of course, cell parameters are different across neurons, so they are different datasets. And we have some other neurons, of course, godises on prokinesis and so on, but their numbers are much, much smaller than the granule cells, so their effects are very negligible. So SIMT is ideal for our cellular model. And so GPU is very good for simulating the cellular network. We have been using four GPUs simultaneously. Actually, we use two NVIDIA-G for Titan Z. And each Titan Z board contains two G for Titan, so we use four GPUs efficiently. And using these four GPUs simultaneously, we achieve a real-time simulation, where real-time means that computer simulation of a cellular activity for one second finishes within one second in real-world time, with temporal resolution just one millisecond. So this is very nice. For further information, my student, Masato, will explain to you after his poster afternoon, after the workshop. So please ask him the poster number P06. Now I will introduce some applications of our cellular model. So real-time computing has at least two benefits. One is that real-time signal processing is possible, which is necessary for some engineering applications such as robotics. The other merit is that we can conduct very long-time computer simulation maybe for days or weeks in a practical and realistic time. So the first example is some batting robot. It's just a demonstration. It's not so very interesting from the engineering viewpoint, but anyway, let me explain. So this is a robot. It has some fun or a bat, and behind the robot there is some backnet. And around here there is some toy pitching machine, and the pitching machine throws a small ball, and the robot tries to hit the bat by this fan or bat, but of course the robot fails. When the robot fails to hit the ball, the ball hits the backnet, and when the ball hits the backnet, there is an sensor attached to the backnet, and that detects the error. So using this error information, our cellular model learns the correct timing to swing the bat. So the task is learning the correct timing of when the ball comes and when the robot should swing the bat to hit the ball correctly. And this is actually an analogy of the hybrid conditioning. Hybrid conditioning is an expanded paradigm, which is used to study cellular turning mechanisms. So let me show you some movie. And the first time the robot does nothing. And during training, the robot starts to swing the bat, but still it delays, and after enough time, the robot can hit the ball. Maybe once again. So it fails, so it swings, but still fails, still delays, and after that the robot learns the correct timing to hit the ball. So this is just a demonstration of real-time signal processing using the cellular model, so it might not be so interesting, but anyway. So another example is that we can conduct a very long time computer simulation to understand the memory formation process within the cellular model. Memory formation has at least two stages. The first stage is memory acquisition, which occurs during training, and the second stage is memory consolidation, which occurs after training to consolidate round memory. Dr. Nagao and his colleagues showed these two-stage processes by very beautiful experiments. They adopted gain adaptation of the kinetic response, and I've been to reflex, and they trained mice every day by one-hour daily training. By one-hour daily training, the OKR gain. The OKR gain is some amplitude of the eye movement. The OKR gain increases from here to here, and after the training the animals go to the cage and just relax, so the round gain disappears. And the next day, again, one-hour training, and the OKR gain increases, and after that the round gain disappears. So you can see that these gain increases represent the memory acquisition during the training, and you can see that the OKR gain gradually increases towards the five-day. So this process represents post-training memory consolidation. Post-training memory consolidation is very interesting because during the memory consolidation, animals do nothing. They are just resting. Even when animals are just resting, their cerebellum is doing something to consolidate round memory. So I'm interested in the mechanisms or process of the post-training memory consolidation, and I conducted a very long-term computer simulation using our model. Basically, the computer simulation is very slow. It sometimes takes 100 times slower than the real-time. But thanks to the real-time computing using multi-GPUs, we can conduct this computer simulation of one-week motor running training within just one week. So we continuously calculated this computer simulation using one-week. And the left figure shows the simulated OKR gain, and you can see that the OKR gain increases by another training, and after that the gain disappears. But throughout the five-days round gain gradually increases. And the right panel, and this is consistent with experimental data. The right panel shows the simulated eye-movement trajectory and before and after the training and first day, second day, third day, fourth day, and fifth day. And this is also consistent with experimental data of eye-movement trajectory. So we were able to successfully reproduce eye-movement OKR gain change for one week. It's a very long term simulation. That's the temporal resolution just one millisecond. So it's a very long term. And again, the master will explain the details by his poster about this issue, so please ask him. So maybe I'm almost finishing, and let me discuss the challenges and future directions of neuromorphic computing. I think there are two directions. One is engineering applications, such as robotics, whereas real-time computing is a key issue. And the other is some scientific tool. So we develop a model as a scientific tool to obtain a better understanding of how the brain works. And in this case, we need a model which has a finer spatial scale and a finer temporal scale. It must be a very large realistic and detailed elaborated model. So of course there are two directions, but I think that processing both directions is very important. And including the loop between the science and engineering is very important to obtain a better understanding of what the brain computes and how the brain works. So that's almost all of my talk, but let me have some announcement. So next month we have a annual conference of Japan in the Neural Network Society, and we'll have a special session on neuromorphic computing and high-performance computing with state speakers. And they will talk about CAKE supercomputer and FPGA. It's a program of hardware and a spinnaker. It's a dedicated neuromorphic chip and GPUs. And after this session we'll have an invited talk about neuromorphic computing in IBM by Dr. Koichi Kajitani from IBM Research Japan. And he will talk about IBM's latest neuromorphic chip, TRUNOS, which was published in science last year. So we are very excited about this talk. And if you are interested in these issues, please join us next month in Tokyo. So finally, I'd like to thank my collaborators and funding. So thank you for your attention. So we have time for some questions. Maybe I missed something. But what's the plasticity model, synapse model and neural model you see in your system? Plasticity. Yes, and synapse and neural. Okay, we have two plasticity sites. And this is one parallel fiber parking set synapse. The synaptic rate under was long term depression by the conjunctive activation of parallel fibers and the climbing fiber. Parallel fiber conveys some contextual information and the climbing fiber conveys error information. It's a kind of error. And the another plasticity is Moshi fiber, celebrity nuclear cell synapse. This is just happy and learning. Is that okay? So for your neural model, that's all single compartment? Single compartment, yes. So your real time is based on this single compartment model. Real time, you claim that you can do real time simulation. Yeah, real time simulation. Roughly 1 million neurons. That's all single compartment. And how many synapse per neuron is connected? One prokinesis, we have actually 16 prokinesis and one prokinesis that have 0.2 million synapsis. 200,000 synapsis for each prokinesis. And we have 16 prokinesis. So actually, I also had a follow up question on the plasticity out of curiosity. So can you get away with just LTD between parallel fibers and the prokinesis cells or you have to have some mechanism that reverse that? Could you say it again? Yeah, so you said you had plasticity between the parallel fibers and the prokinesis cells, LTD. Can you get away with only downregulating the synaptic connective? I see, I see. Actually, there is an LTP also. An LTP is induced by solar activation of parallel fibers. But I just omitted this explanation. Sorry. Because we need to recover the depressed synapsis to the normal level for some purposes. So actually post-plasticity are included. Okay. Thank you. And then we go to the next speaker.


I would like to introduce our next speaker, who is a assistant professor in the Department of Engineering at R.S. University, Diego Arana is a professor in applied cryptography and computer security, with a special interest in efficient implementation of cryptographic algorithms and security analysis of real world systems. Research has included coordinating two teams of independent researchers capable of detecting and exploring vulnerabilities in the software of the Brazilian voting machine used during controlled tests organized by the National Electoral Authority. So, hi, so I'm here to talk about the horribly insecure Brazilian voting machines. An alternate title of this talk is the return of the insecure Brazilian toasters, because the president of the Electoral Authority recently claimed that the voting machines are secure because they are not connected to the internet just like toasters. So, my argument supply to both cases. So, first, a little bit of context. Yeah, I should say that this is joint work with many people. So, I coordinated the team last year where we were able to full compromise the security of this machine. This is joint work with Pedro Barbosa, Caio Luders, who is here, Thiago Cardozo and Paulo Matias, all of them live in Brazil. A little bit of context. Brazilian elections are massive. We have 140 million voters in a high turnout because voting is mandatory. They are held every two years. We alternate between city-wise or municipal and federal elections. Elections became electronic in 1996 when the first machines were introduced, but only became fully electronic in 2000. So now, or for the last 18 years, all the polling places use voting machines. A remarkable aspect of our elections is the same authority responsible for everything. So, they decide what technology is being used. They write the software. They deploy the software. They do the logistics on the election day. They collect the results. They publish the results. And since they are a branch of the judicial system, they also decide any output, any dispute in the outcome. So, they are overlords of our elections, which of course is a massive problem for insider attacks, right? Because everything is centralized on the same place. So, the name of these authorities is the Superior Electoral Court. They are a branch of the Supreme Court. I would just call them by sec to save time. So, this is the Brazilian voting machine. On the left, you can find the poll officer terminal, where the officer types in the voter registration number, or collects his or her fingerprint. The right-hand side, you can find the voter terminal. So, voters type in candidate numbers on the keypad. This is not a touchscreen machine. So, you vote using candidate numbers. And you can see a first design flaw in this picture. There is a cable connecting the two. So, it looks or it's apparent that the same device collects the voter identity and the vote. So, this is a threat, of course, for ballot secrecy. If the software running the machine is malicious, it can collect all the voters and their choices. So, the machines were claimed to be 100% secure since 1996, but only tested for the first time in 2012. The hardware is manufactured by Deboot, which is not great, right? We have more than half a million voting machines in operation. The software was initially written by Deboot. Now, it's written by the electoral authority since 2006. And the recent version has more than 24 million lines of code, which is huge. This includes the Linux kernel, user land applications, everything. This is just for the voting machine software. There are other software components that adapt to this number. So, they adopted GNU Linux in 2008 and experimented with paper records only once in 2002. And the story is really complicated. They'll just say that they deployed this in a fraction of the machines and decided to not do this in the following elections because concluded that was too expensive to cover some of the paper gems, printers in the middle of the Amazon forest and all sorts of lame excuses. So, they discontinued this in 2002. They have been rolling out fingerprint identification since 2008 and deploying them in production since 2011. Half of the population is already enrolled in. And as I said, since this is a paperless DRE voting machine, it's highly vulnerable against insider attacks from the electoral authority itself. So, this is the algorithm for running an election in Brazil. The software is developed in the headquarters of the electoral authority in Brazil, the capital of the country, and it's transmitted to the state branches of this authority through the internet, through some kind of VPN connection. On the state branches, they record the software in flashcards and these flashcards install the software since they are not connected to the internet and in the machine is a few days before the election. So, every install card, just like the one on the top of the slide, install up to 50 machines. On the election day, the zero tape is printed between 7 and 8 a.m. Then the poll officer types a command in his terminal to open the voting session. Voters can authenticate, present their credentials, type their charges and the voting session ends at 5 p.m. if there are no voters left in the query. At that time, the machine prints a poll tape and also records a number of files about what we call the media of results or MR for short, which is one of the print drives at the bottom there. These files include a digital version of the poll tape, a file called DRV that I will detail more in a moment, and a log file without the events since the software was installed. This pen drive is detached from the machine, attached to another computer and all the contents are transmitted to the central tabulator through, again, a VPN connection. The central tabulator tallies up everything and publishes the result. Access to these machines is notably restricted. The only opportunity where independent experts can actually take a look at the software and try to attack the machines are what are called the public security tests. These are restricted tests organized by the electoral authority typically one year before the elections. The objective is clear. These experts have to provide or compromise either ballot secrecy or ballot integrity in an untraceable way. But these, as I said, are not very public despite the name. So first of all, you cannot use pen and paper to take notes when inspecting the software, the source code. You have the option to inspect the code for three days, but you cannot take notes. You have four days to mount all attacks. All the attacks need to be pre-approved by the electoral authority. All the participating members need to be pre-approved by the electoral authority. This is our bureaucracy to participate on this. Last year we had to fill during the test eight types of different forms, and we had a form that we needed to fill to fill a form. So it's a metaphor. There is no guarantees about the software that's running, the software that's being inspected if it's correct or recent, and there are, of course, intrinsic conflicts of interest here again because it's the electoral authority evaluating the security of its own devices. It appears not being their interest to be as deep as they can go. So still, they claim that this is Brazil's the only country in the planet openly evaluating its voting system, and this is a very funny quote because they were here, the voting village last year, and well, in this picture there is someone there that works for the electoral authority, and even though participating in this event last year, they repeated the claim that Brazil is the only one with this type of evaluation. So it seems they have to come other times and to be convinced that this is actually an open way of evaluating security of voting systems. So just to illustrate the restrictions, on the right-hand side of this slide, there is a layout of the room where we work it in. We were group one, one of the green tables there. The code inspection computers were in the back of the room. We could not take notes from the code on those machines and bring it back to our table. So we had to memorize sections of source code, and then in our machines and come back if something was wrong, which is of course very artificial. These machines were a distance, were between a distance of 10 meters, so there's no reason for doing this. So I coordinated the team in 2012, was able to find a very serious vulnerability in the vote shelfing mechanism and compromise ballot secrecy in that edition of the public security tests. I'll get to talk more about this in the next slides. But we also found on that edition that all the machines shared cryptographic keys. So all the media for all the machines are encrypted under the same key, and this key was directly inserted in the source code. So it was hard-coded in the software. So if it leaks once somewhere, the impact is nationwide. The voting software for integrity checking checks itself, so it knows or it stores digital signatures. It goes through those signatures checking if they are still valid, which of course makes no sense in terms of computer security. It's just like trying to find out if you are crazy by not going to the doctor. You might be too crazy to find out that you are crazy. So software works just like this. So by analyzing these vulnerabilities, we concluded that the machines were not able to provide either ballot secrecy or ballot integrity, which of course implies a lack of integrity of results. As a consequence of an insecure development process and an adequate threat model it actually disregards insider attacks and also a result of the internal culture within the electoral authority that lacks transparency. After all, they wrote software and did this for decades without having to present the software for external inspection. So the DRV has a complicated story. It was introduced in the system by law after the electoral authority decided that paper records were not a good idea. So they replaced it with the paper records with a digital version of the paper records, which again makes no sense. So this is a file where different races are stored in different columns. A voter votes for each of these races through the candidate numbers and these choices are shuffled together to protect secrecy of these votes. The gray cells there correspond to absentees. So in this case we have seven voters in this ball place. Four of them didn't show up to vote. They didn't also vote blank and there are other specifics of Brazilian elections here. So when we first heard about this we figured out that trying to reverse dis-randomization or dis-shuffling would be a promising attack vector, right? So since we do computer science we thought we need to figure out the bias of this shuffling algorithm apply some statistical advanced crypt analysis to reverse this shuffling. So we did exactly that by just grabbing through four random stuff. Quite literally in this case. And then we found the match. This was literally the first command we ran when we had access to the code base in 2012. So this took five minutes to finish and we found the match in a file called drv.cpp, which is very suggestive. So we took a look at the file and then the seed was computed like this. So if you write software in C you know that that's a time stamp, 32-bit time stamp and it's not very predictable. And this time stamp in particular was taken between 7 and 8 a.m. of the election day. So there are only 3,600 different seeds. Since the drv stores the gray cells for absentees, you can actually test if a seed is possible by storing K out of N volts and see if the holes match the polling place you're trying to break ballot secrecy. At the end we didn't have to do this because the seed was printed in an official document and it started a log that must be kept in place. So you just go to the zero tape, find the time stamp there, seed into your implementation of PRNG and then you break ballot secrecy. There is more. So to mount this against a real polling place you need to keep track of who voted in sequence, right? But you can actually mount an interesting attack against famous voters or important voters. So this is the president of the electoral authority. We know that he voted at 1120 in 2010 because the official picture of him voting has this time stamp in the metadata, right? So if you can take the drv file for his polling place and check out his position in the voting queue, of course, and break the shuffling of the votes you can figure out exactly how he voted. We didn't do this at the time because we would end up in jail but of course it's still possible, right? All these files are public so one can still do it and it illustrates the importance of ballot secrecy and also how dangerous it is to introduce or mandate technological components through law because this file needs to be produced by the system because it's a legal requirement. So in 2012 we concluded that it was trivial to recover votes in order, trivial to recover a specific vote from the president of the electoral authority. We recommended them to eliminate this file and change the law if possible and do not store any metadata about the voters. Instead they changed the random number generator implementation with a custom algorithm that no one has analyzed but at least which is seeded frequently with system entropy so it should be harder to attack. Although the voting machine has two different hardware RNGs which are much better than all these choices and the official explanation for that is that they give is since not all machines have this hardware RNGs so after that selectively uses the hardware RNGs on the machines that are equipped with them. A result of this is the security of all machines is actually determined by the worst machine in operation which doesn't have hardware RNG because it's 10 years old. So in 2017 I again participated coordinating the team and we wanted to exercise a different attack using software installation as an attack vector just like Alex described earlier so software installation is performing on a public ceremony in Brazil these are some pictures of the ceremony the quality or security of this ceremony varies a lot because in some places it's contracted to other companies in some other places this is done by public servants so it's hard to know exactly how security is in practice but we found like a sample of pictures online and in some cases it looks fairly disorganized in some other cases even skew students can go there and visit and I wouldn't say this is the most security perimeter on the planet Earth for such a critical mission critical task. So before this event started they published a call for participation and they had a very explicit thing on this document saying that researchers wouldn't have access to cryptographic keys during the event. Since I'm optimistic I thought that they actually had implemented some key management system that doesn't require storing the cryptographic keys hard coded in the software but actually they just erased the keys from the source code, right? It's much easier. So we figured out this again very quickly one of the first things I ran against the new code base was this, right? So Grap is surprisingly useful when you cannot use anything else and then we found a match in a file called minix.c. So minix is the operating system and we already knew that it's also the partition format for the VOTM memory so we knew that we had something important here. When we took a look at this file we found this, so it's a string of bytes with the exact cryptographic key for encrypting the install cards and this is actually the first byte of that key. So the reason for that is they were migrating from kernel 2.6 to 3.16 I guess and they forgot to erase one of the currencies of this key so they just forgot to delete all of them. But since well we know they deleted some parts of code we know also that the code base for inspection was not complete, right? This is a fairly trivial conclusion. Some other technical details. So this system we have all of this documented in our paper. It deploys a whole bunch of cryptographic algorithms sometimes in weird places. We have AES 256 which is nice. They try to implement XTS mode but they have a small difference that may make the algorithm weaker but this doesn't matter since the keys are hard-coded in the software who cares about the algorithm, right? The integrity checking is done through elliptic curve based signatures. There are signatures both in the user-land and in kernel mode so multiple places check the signatures which is good to have redundancy but we'll see that it's not sufficient and also the keys for assigning the results, the Baltic for example are also stored in the install cards in the voting machine internal memory. Encrypted under another key that was embedded in the kernel but we didn't have access at first because it was deleted from the code base. So we could capture this encryption key in the crypto install card and then when we inspected the contents we found two shared libraries missing signatures. One of them was responsible for generating the log events so we could inject code in this library to manipulate the log which basically makes the log useless as an audit mechanism and we also injected code to zero a cryptographic key that encrypts the DRV. So the DRV, the vote shuffling file is kept encrypted because if the ball officer takes two versions of this file before or after someone's vote he can't figure out by the difference who he voted for. Since we could choose this key to injecting code to be all zeros we could mount this attack again during the event. We were also able to plug in a USB keyboard to issue comments to the voting machine from the outside and on the last day we discovered that the voting software application that the voters actually use is linked against the two libraries. So we could inject code in the libraries to tamper with the voting application during the election or a simulated election. So we illustrated this power using the version of the software and inserting things on the voter screen I will illustrate in a moment but at the end we got arbitrary code execution during an election by forcing the voting machine to run our software. We also developed a payload to change votes from one candidate to the other but the tests were interrupted at 6pm on a Friday and we were in the middle of putting this installing this in the machine so we never were able to find this way of inserting your code to run. So this is a screenshot of the simulator provided by the electoral authority of course it's all in Portuguese so you type on the right side the number of your candidate in this case 61 is a fictional swimming candidate just for illustrating purposes you can see at the top left here there is a string called selvoto para which basically says your vote goes for or goes to we changed that string to tell voters to vote for a candidate 99 in this case Darth Vader which is much less democratic option than swimming so in 2017 we concluded that install cards were not properly encrypted keys were still shared by all machines and directly inserted into the source code integrity checking is also insecure by having digital or having shared libraries without signatures and at the last day it was interesting that another team found another way to this encryption key so this makes the whole attack fully external by using what they did they basically could run the install cards in a virtual machine and have the key in the memory layout of the virtual machine you could one attacker could capture this key without access to the source code so this makes a whole attacks external without having access to the source code so our recommendations this time were to fully automate the signing process so when a new file comes around you don't have to change the scripts to sign that file to and to again deploy proper key management to have different keys and different machines to contain damage in case one of them leaks instead they fix it by sort of fix it by not having the keys hard coded by computing them dynamically from a secret starting the BIOS of the machine so the the software reads some bytes in the BIOS run this through some algorithm and then computes the key but it's still the same key for all of the machines although you can claim that this makes the system is likely more robust against an external attacker because the key is not in the software anymore it's still trivially vulnerable against an insider who can just run this routine once, print the key and then leak it for malicious purposes so again they just mitigated this in you know less than ideal way problems we still have software is for all purposes secret for over 20 years it was already demonstrated to be insecure several times as I told to you there is no paper record for recounts there are no effective ways to audit the system everything is you have to reconstruct history from a bunch of files which as was argued before it's very challenging there are conflicts of interest everywhere and insider attacks are completely disregarded what can we do so we need paper records to have what's this okay I can tell by heart we need paper records for audits that the voters can inspect this has a fairly complicated story in Brazil in 2015 congress passed a law approving the reintroduction of paper records for the third time this law was considered inconstitutional by the supreme court really friends with the electoral authority in last June so we won't have paper records again in the upcoming elections which may be the most important in Brazilian history I don't know if you've been tracking the news but it's a whole political mess and we have eight candidates and all of them are horrible and one of them will become president so we need a better way to verify that this next election is actually fair so it would be nice to have open source software because then the community can take a look at this it's not sufficient but since this is public funded software I think it's fair to claim that the public has a right to inspect it without all these restrictions at the end we need better social control mechanisms to decentralize the control over this system and the Brazilian technical community certainly has to be more vocal it's really easy to shut down the few critics that live there because we are just two or three and we end up having a movement like the US for example where the technical community is behind this so one point I want to make the last point is the world is essentially becoming more polarized politically which I think makes independent verification of elections even more important thank you for your attention I have three references if you want to take a look at our papers and reports for the past six years and I may have time for one question thank you questions yes hi it's impossible to tell so I think the important question is not did we have fraud in the past election but if we had fraud are we able to detect it as independent inspectors eventually I think this is the important question what I can say is I was a fairly tight election and we actually did some math to understand how the impact of this attack would have on that election if an attacker is really aggressive in the way he changes votes he only needed to have access to 100 install cards not necessarily distributed evenly in the country perhaps on the same place to substitute to replace the software and impact the number of votes that separated the two candidates so I can't estimate how easy or expensive this is but we got this number 100 install cards thank you thank you


Hi everyone. This is Paul Lang for the Stock Swoosh and I'm here to tell you about a class at the Stock Swoosh called the Trading Options Class. This will be a two-day class where I will be teaching the first day and Melissa will be teaching day two. This is going to be a complete run-through of options from the very basic concepts to the most advanced concepts, taught in a way that keeps it very simple and easy to understand.  How many types of options are there? There are only two. There are calls and puts, that's all that there are, but various combinations of buying and selling calls and puts come together to form an almost infinite number of strategies that you can use. And the basic purpose of using options is to limit risk or to totally shift the risk reward concepts from what you would normally do just playing the stock itself. This is an example of what we're not going to do. Here's the definition of an option. A call option is blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. We're going to go through so you understand these terms, but can use them in a way to make money. A lot of times you learn things, but they're not very helpful. So we're going to go through the most basics, but also get into the most complicated scenarios that exist in options, but yet in a way that's easy to understand. This is a sample slide talking about the difference between buying and selling a simple call option and what the different risk parameters naturally there are many, many slides that go into details about all of these concepts, but it will be taught in a way that is simple to understand and yet can give you the absolute ultimate in teaching when it comes to the uses of options. These are the strategies that we'll be talking about eventually once we get the basics down. It looks like a lot to go over, however it is really just a matter of understanding how options work and how you can combine them in any way that you really want to. Day one is going to be taught by myself, Paul Lang, and day two is going to be taught by Melissa. I'll be speaking from 11 to 5, miss her from 10 to 12, and Melissa will be talking about how she uses option concepts to create the calls that she does in the gap options letter and her great success she's had with that letter. The trading options class is a complete comprehensive course on options from the basics to the most advanced strategies. There's no prerequisite for this class. The next class coming up is going to be Wednesday and Thursday, October 19th and 20th. You can contact Melissa for more details or for how to sign up, and if we are past that date when you're listening to this video, please contact us to find out the dates for the next available class. Students who have learned options at the Stock Swish have had great results. This is a recent example of a student taking a call from the gap options letter. We've had many other examples, including recently somebody from the last month who over a couple of plays made almost $20,000. These plays work and they're easy to understand concepts that not only advance students but also beginners can understand. Any questions, please make sure to contact us at thestockswish.com. Thank you.


With the Adelaide International starting off the season for the ATP, we have some huge names, including Djokovic coming back for the first time in the new season. And we've got some massive matchups with the draw just coming out. Let's go to the withdrawals and then look at some of the key matchups in the first rounds. There's only a couple of withdrawals here. We had Mutay and Nakashima both pulling out of the event before it started. But even though they're not playing, we have huge names participating in this tournament. Starting with the top section of the draw there, you can see Djokovic. He's going to play as the number one seed against Lestean, the French player, player that he's never actually played before. So that'd be an interesting matchup for Nole in the first round. You can also see the number seven seed, Shapa Balov, taking on a qualifier in the first round. And those guys could play in the quarter-finals if it does play out that way. Second quarter of the draw now, you've got Mevvedev, the number three seed, taking on Senago. Very tricky matchup there for Meti to start the year off. Actually never played before, which is interesting because there are a similar era of tennis player that played in the same generation. So tough start for Mevvedev. And you can see there, Hashinov, the number eight seed, he'll take on Kasyan in the first round. He's actually never played him before. So not the easiest starts fair for the Russians in this event. And Hashinov, Mevvedev are projected to play in the quarter-finals. And of course, this section of the draw will play the Djokovic section. So possibly Mevvedev-Djokovic semifinal to start the season. Bottom sections of the draw now, we've got Sinner, the number six seed, taking on Kyle Edmund, who's coming in with a protected ranking. Again, just like all the other matchups, these two have never actually played before. So let's see, because Edmund, about four years ago, really was at the top of his game. And of course, since then, Sinner has gone on to do great things. You can also see Andy Murray is going to take on Sebastian Korter in this section of the draw. A matchup that we saw last year on the indoor hardcourt to Spain with Korter getting a win over Murray back then. So that'll be a really fun matchup. And then number four seed, Rublev taking on Batista Agu. Tough match there for Rublev. They've actually played seven times before, the last time being in Rome, back in 2021 with Rublev getting the win. Last time they played on a hardcourt though, Batista Agu got the win. In fact, three of the four matches they've played on hardcourts have gone to RBA. And the bottom section of the draw now, we've got Runa, the number five seed taking on Nishioca in the first round. Those guys have never met before, so that'll be interesting to see how Runa does after such a successful end. And the number two seed, Felix Ojaliaseem, he gets a qualify in the first round. Of course, Runa and FAA could play in the quarterfinals and either take on Sinner or Rublev in the semi-finals if the seeds all do progress. There you have it. That is the Adelaide draw for this year. And it's going to be really interesting to see how the players do, especially Djokovic. Of course, first time in Australia, all the craziness that happened this time last year with the deportation.  But let me know down in the comments below, what's your prediction for this one? I think it's hard to pick against Djokovic at any point at the moment. But you've got guys like Mevvedev, who's done well in Australia before, of course, made the final of the last two Australian Opens. You've got guys like Runa, who are coming off a really hot finish to the last season. FAA, another one of those guys. But let me know down in the comments below, who do you think is going to win Adelaide to start the season off?