This is not just any product line. This heralded the beginning of my YouTube presence. Yup, around two years ago, I shot, edited, and released my first ever video on YouTube and joined the rest of our team on the hardware sugar channel reviewing tech products and geeking out on chairs and minimal desk setups. While these experiences have nothing to do with the M3 mouse, I can't help but reminisce on the fact that if it wasn't for Asus' early investment in sending us stuff to review, that I might have actually started YouTubeing much later down the pandemic. And they indirectly led our channel into things we never envisioned people would be interested in to begin with. So while this review is not sponsored in any way by Asus Philippines, they deserve recognition for always giving the startup tech YouTubers like us a shot at the big scene. Thank you Asus for sending this over for us to review and for forcing me to have made this cringy video several years ago. And today, we have a tough review ahead of us. We are in your debt. Tough is the more budget, but just as reliable line of products from Asus. And the best way to begin with this review is to say outright that the M3 Gen 2 is priced at 1189 pesos on the official ROG shopping page. While the Gen 1 I originally reviewed is priced at 775 pesos. Personally, if you're looking to get the M3, the Gen 2 is the way to go. Just forget about the Gen 1. It is most definitely worth the additional 414 pesos for the new sleek design alone. With that out of the way, here's what you'll be getting for 1189 pesos. Hi, I'm Rafael from Hardware Sugar and I have spent four weeks and my very first COVID infection with the tough gaming M3 Gen 2 mouse. Having reviewed the original M3 two years ago, I knew that I needed to be the one on the team to review. It's more modern, upgraded version. First and foremost, who is the M3 for? It is for the budget gamer who likes investing in a trusted name with a well-respected ecosystem. If you own any Asus or a sync product, whether it be from the ROG or tough family line, then you can immediately sync the M3 along with the rest of your RGB gear. Yes, there are cheaper gaming mice out there, which might have more eye-popping crazy RGB designs. However, if you care about having a product from a reliable manufacturer, it is very difficult to deviate from Asus, especially since the mouse itself does not break the bank. In terms of design, the Gen 2 is much more premium to hold and look at. The sleek matte black design replaced the aging and tacky silver and black paint scheme of the original M3. It occurred to me only after trying out so many gaming mice after the Gen 1 that the biggest drawback of the original was how bland it looked. The original design did not age well. And the only reason why I kept using the original M3 for a long period of time was because of how reliable and ergonomic it was for its price. The Gen 2 has RGB both on its logo, as well as an outline around its back, unlike the Gen 1, which only has RGB on the logo. The overall grip, feel and look of the Gen 2 showcased a big level up in design from Gen 1. However, it surprisingly takes a step backwards in others, which I'll get into in a bit. Asus has chose not to place rubber grips and instead maintains the matte black plastic on the sides of the mouse, unlike its competitors like Razer and Corsair. To be honest, this makes the mouse age better. If you look at my barely three year old iron claw, that rubber pad looks disturbingly used up. I also don't feel that adding rubber grips add that much of a big deal when it comes to FPS gaming, unless you have extremely sweaty hands. In short, I think the option not to add rubber grips is a good choice. I fear the day when I need to replace the pads on my Razer Viper Ultimate, which aren't cheap. And the current state of my iron claw just makes it feel and look sad. Weighing in at only 59 grams or 30 percent lighter than the previous generation, coming from my Razer Viper Ultimate at 74 grams and my tank of a Corsair Iron claw at 105 grams, you will really feel the difference as you glide across the surface. A lighter mouse is always a very important thing to consider when it comes to productivity and gaming. In the age of paracords, I am disappointed that Asus couldn't throw in a better cable. Perhaps this is because it might affect the price, but the wire of the mouse feels like the traditional cable one would expect from a generic mouse brand. As someone who has been pampered with ROG paracords, which are these wires, which feels and bend like shoestring, I was looking forward to all major mice manufacturers to move towards this innovative material. Maybe in the next couple of years, I suppose I dislike cables to begin with, but a paracord might win me over. In terms of sculpture, it is difficult to find fault in the shape. Unlike the Corsair Iron Claw and Harpoon, the M3 does not deviate far from the tried and true. I have spent many hours with the M3 doing office work, as well as multitasking my build order on Starcraft 2. I have very large hands and never felt them ache while using the M3, unlike the Harpoon, which was painfully too small. In short, most people will find the size and shape to be very accommodating, thus my safe badge. In the era of post-COVID, some might be interested in upgrading gear which inhibits the growth of nasty little demons. While COVID is a virus and not a bacteria, you could still get a nasty infection from the latter. I'm not entirely sure how they achieved this and I don't have the resources to test this, but it's just one of those minor things which adds to the benefit of investing in a budget-friendly, well-known brand. The M3 also sports IP56 dust and water resistance. One of the biggest things that I liked about the Gen 1 was that it had two buttons next to the scroll wheel which allowed me to cycle between sensitivity in two directions. The Gen 2, however, only has a single button to achieve this. Thus, one of the things I dislike the most is me having to complete a whole cycle of different sensitivity areas before I reach the one I need for a specific task. This is a big letdown for FPS snipers or even productivity gurus who like switching to high-speed or slow precision in order to fulfill a task. There are, thankfully, two buttons on the left side of the mouse which you can customize accordingly for melee attacks. I am right-handed, but based on the shape of the mouth, I believe it is practically ambidextrous and similar to the Razer Viper Ultimate. The only difference is the lack of twin dual buttons on the right side of the mouse. I'm not entirely sure how much it would cost to add an additional button next to the scroll wheel and a mirror twin button set on the right. However, if it did and maintained this price point, this easily would be the best mouse within the budget category. I could not find much about the switches of the mouse other than the fact that they will last 60 million presses compared with only 20 million from the previous generation. The Gen 1 we reviewed, by the way, was gifted to us after the review and is still happily alive and working at the hardware sugar shop. You guys are welcome to drop by and test it out. These are what the buttons sound like. I definitely feel the Razer Viper Ultimate switches are more springier and fun to press on. However, the Razer Viper Ultimate is also much more expensive. The difference between the two of them, however, are not by much and the M3 does indeed produce both a satisfying click and springy feedback the most. RGB is controlled by Armory Crate. Installation was simple and you can begin changing the RGB color scheme and customize your scroll speed pretty quickly. I'm not sure how many people fixate on customizing a mouse. However, for me, just as long as it can change the RGB once or twice a month and dial in the sensitivity cycles I like, then I hardly use the software. You can see this from the fact that I own a Corsair keyboard with a Razer mouse and an MSI monitor. Sinking RGB is not really my thing. However, if it is for you, then AuraSync is a reliable piece of software. And if you have different branded hardware like me, then you'll still be happy just as long as you don't care about not being able to sync all of these guys together. In conclusion, we are giving the TUF M3 Gen 2 an 8.5 out of 10, mostly because it is an inexpensive yet good-looking mouse from a reliable hardware manufacturer. The only flaws I would highlight are the loss of one of the sensitivity buttons on top and the lack of a paracord upgrade. However, because a number of people commented that they don't care about being able to switch sensitivities in both ways, this might not be a major defect for most. Would I be trading in my Razer Viper Ultimate for the TUF M3? No, mostly because I really prefer to go as wireless as possible. However, if I was a type of consumer who didn't want to think about his or her mouse, the M3 Gen 2 is a safe and tastefully constructed mouse for those who want an uncomplicated, good-looking and reliable mouse, which is under 1,200 pesos. Sometimes, there's a question, do we know a computer shop that is trusted by those who don't care? Actually, we do. Full-service PC store and hardware sugar. We sell PC components. We also sell fully-assembled rigs. We clean computers. We also include our excellent cable management and CPU cooler repasting in cleaning. We also clean and repaste GPUs. In our physical store, and you can also buy from our site, www.hwsugar.ph, which is 100% up-to-date for the inventory there. If the item is stocked, it's available on the site. We also ship nationwide. Thanks for watching, and maybe one of these days, we'll see you at the shop.


Our next color is Gabby from California. Gabby, what's happening? How can we help you? Hi, um, I Have been having an issue with my knee. I got maps prime and prime pro But it I mean I work long hours. I'm a bartender, so I'm standing a lot But I've tried, you know, like 90 90 I've tried stretching it seems to hurt a little bit more when I'm trying to come out of a stretch So I don't know if it's helping or hurting So I'm a little bit lost because I can't really I mean I can squat but not that heavy or if I go heavy it hurts And then if I don't squat, I just I don't know It kind of sucks. Okay So try this.  Okay, so I know you wrote your question up here And you had asked why maps prime and prime pro don't have a knee section So, let me address that first Gabby and then I'm gonna ask you a few more questions. Is that okay? Yeah, that's fine. Okay, so the reason why we don't have specific knee mobility movements in those programs is because knee pain issues tend to come from almost almost almost always the ankles or the hips, okay? So and the reason being is if you look at the knee joint It only moves kind of in two directions. It does it flexes and extends it doesn't rotate and it doesn't bend Laterally it only flexes and extends the ankle and the hip are they move all over the place They they move laterally they rotate they twist They have lots of movement in comparison to the knee And so what happens is if the ankle or the or the hip Lack strength and stability Then the ligaments of the knee tend to create that stability and then over time you can create problems Or even the short time you can get yourself an injury Which is also why she's probably feeling pain when she gets in and out of the 90 90. Yeah So here's a here's a tip with the 90 90 by the way whenever you're in a position where you're Externally or internally rotating the leg so and 90 90 you have both right one leg is externally rotated That's the front leg and then one is internally rotated. That's the back leg Make sure you flex your ankle bring your toes towards your shin because what that'll does what that'll do is that'll bolster bolster The knee joint a little bit because what it sounds like is it sounds like you've got a little bit of inflammation and pain and some of the Ligaments that prevent the rotating of the knee and because you're rotating the hip and those are tight or lack stability The knee is doing is trying to stabilize with the ligament So does that make sense where you take your you take your foot and you bring your toes towards your shin and flex That while you're in position does that make sense Yeah, that makes sense. I would also have her foam roll before she gets in the 99 that'll help She might be so tight that when she's getting that that's why I feel she probably feels pain Yeah, especially I'm trying to see of like how it's tracking You know if you're really like tight along your IT band and like along the sides like Adam said that would help to kind of You know help put you in a better position also too if you have access to yoga blocks This is to another way to kind of regress, you know, some of the intensity there within the 90-90 position you elevate, you know, your leg a bit or you have, you know, your hand is able to kind of You know Start from a higher position which makes it more easy to get into that position. Yeah, and also don't forget ankle mobility so like If my knees bother me, it's nice. I used to think it was my hips all the time And I work on hip stuff and it would help a little bit but not a ton and then I learned later It's all it was all in my ankles. So I'm working on my ankle mobility and Even, you know, supplementing a little bit with my ankle mobility made a huge difference So one test of that that doctor brings some of us quite a bit if you squat if you squat with your heels Elevated and you don't feel pain and it feels pretty Natural and easy, you know, that's something that A lot of times will you need to look at at your ankle mobility and you know address that specifically There's a YouTube video that I did. I believe it's a fixed knee pain. Doug. Is that yes? It is Is that what it is? So we brought it up on a show before and again, we'll put it in the show notes Okay So check that video again because I believe I address the foam rolling I believe I address the ankle mobility all in there So that's something that you can do before you know, but that's the reason why There's nothing in prime or prime pro related knees because it's going to be ankle or hip always So that's kind of the area all the exercises and work in that in those programs that's centered around the ankles and the hips is Basically where you need to be if it's really uncomfortable to get in the 90 90 There's a good chance. I don't know for sure But there's a good chance that it's related to your it and then in that video I I just referenced you it shows you how to foam roll the it That'll give you a little bit of relief Before you go into the 90 90 and then that should help you out and that's just something that you want to Practice religiously. This is such a visual thing too is us trying to like, you know, figure this out and in queue and coach One thing like so do you notice at all if your knees travel outward or inward when you squat down? So um, I normally like I feel like I have It's more comfortable for me to have like a little bit of a wider stance and have my feet pointed out a little bit Um, and then I know like your knees are not supposed to cave in obviously. So I work on like pushing them out This is more actually rotates more comfortable Yeah, so and it's always been that way and I had been squatting for like I don't know maybe like two years before I had any issues Um, I'm pretty heavy and then I think it was when I started like running and squatting um Maybe I don't know. I think one day. I remember one day specifically um I had ran like two miles and then that same day happened to be leg day and I just like went really Yeah, it sounds like yeah 100 it for sure after getting tight like that from the squats and then going out running like that I guarantee that when you have you ever foam rolled your it before Um, I have so the thing is it's mostly like the inner side of my knee like it hurts more the closer I bring Um, like if I sit crisscross Or like if I go from pigeon to active pigeon, I can feel like a sharp Yeah, this is your meniscus is trying to prevent your knee from twisting Because that's what that's what that's what that is. So if you look at your knee joint There's there's ligaments that prevent it from sliding forward sliding back bending laterally And then you have the meniscus that prevents it from twisting And so the reason why you're having pain when you're in pigeon or in 90 90 is because your hips are rotating So your your leg is turning out And the there's a little bit of lack of stability there And so your meniscus is holding tight and you're probably giving yourself Uh, a little bit of inflammation with that here Here's something so the flexing of the foot will make a big difference by the way Um, it might not fix it completely, but it'll help you do Some of these positions So you got to bring the toes back and when you do that what you're doing is you're activating the tibialis And that provides a little bit of stability Uh in the knee or at least it prevents the meniscus from doing So much the other piece of advice I'd have for you Gabby is uh for while you're working on this I would do mostly unilateral exercises for your lower body So I would avoid squats uh front squats those types of exercise and I would do I'd also take it easy on the running too Yeah, oh, yeah For sure take take it easy on the right and I would do unilateral stuff Lunges Bulgarian split stance squats single leg toe touches just until things start to feel better I'll go lighter and go slower Um, just to allow the inflammation to to to get a little bit better before you progress back to your bilateral movements like squats Okay, all right Yeah, that's awesome. Thank you guys. Hope that helps. Thanks for calling in. Thanks Gabby Thank you Yeah, it's uh, the the whole knee issue Um, it's interesting because you know, you know what one of the challenges is You'll say to somebody. Well, it's usually the ankle or the hip, right? And they'll be like, but I got imaging done and I have you know, patella or contra malacia or have inflammation of the Yeah, there's definitely the compensation's happening. Yes ligament wise, but that's not ideal No, and it's in in the you know that rotating aspect Like for example in in uh, jiu-jitsu, there's a submission called a heel hook And it's literally you're twisting the leg while keeping their hips stationary and people think it's a it's a footlock But it's not it's tearing your knee Totally apart and that and that's what's happening the ankle moves But the knee doesn't and then you get the problem. Yeah, I was just gotta get in better alignment and then you know, everything sort of We got to strengthen the supporting cast so that way like it keeps it stabilized Yeah, this will bother me too. Same thing. Yeah, if it's and it's my ankles if my ankles are really tight and I squat heavy That's exactly what I'll feel. I'll feel on the inner outer part of my knee I just want to highlight too. This is another reason why we tend to hammer the whole running thing so much too because this is super common It's super common that's gasoline on a problem Yeah, and then if she's getting real tight from her squats and she's already got this this condition or issue going on Or the lack of ankle mobility and stability and hip mobility and stability And then you go for a run on top of that It's just like you're you're never going to get ahead of this and you're constantly going to be battling this So, you know regressing a little bit doesn't mean you can't go do cardio You should go, you know, hiking up a hill would be really good, you know, somebody tell you are elliptical There's other things that we can do Instead of that, but this is why running can just be so yeah, and the main reason isn't necessarily because running's bad It's because nobody treats running like she has bad movement and then she goes and yeah Does it a lot and nobody treats it like practice like, you know She's probably focused on her technique and form when she squats, but then when you run, what do you do? You run to fatigue and that's when things really start to you know hurt


In this video, we are going to look at a few important terms and definitions related to coordination compounds. We need to familiarize ourselves with these terms as they keep appearing throughout the context of coordination complexes. So let's first talk about coordination entity. A coordination entity consists of a central metal atom or an iron that is bonded to a fixed number of ions or molecules. The coordination entity is enclosed within brackets as you can see here. For example, CONS3-3Cl3 is a coordination entity where cobalt metal ion is bonded to three chloradions and three ammonia molecules. Similarly, the coordination entity in K4-FECN6 is the entity that is enclosed within the square brackets, which is nothing but FECN6-4, so this would be FECN6-4, this would be the charge of the entity here. Let's look at the next term which is central metal atom or ion. Now the central metal atom or ion once again lies within the coordination entity, that is the metal also lies inside the square brackets. The metal atom or ion is coordinated to a fixed number of groups via secondary bonding. They are also bound in a definite geometrical arrangement. For example, the central metal ion in these coordination entities are Ni2+, CO3+, and Fe3+. As these ions are positively charged, they are electron deficient in nature, and accept electrons from other neutral molecules or negatively charged ions, that is other donor species. Hence, these are also referred to as or the central metal ion is also referred to as Lewis acids, because they are capable of accepting electron pairs from electron drift species. Let's now talk about one of the most important terms which is ligands. The ions or molecules that are bound to the central metal atom or the ion within the coordination entity are called ligands. Now the ligands can be negatively charged ions like Cl-, Br-, NO2- or even neutral species like water or ammonia. The common factor being these ions or molecules are electron drift species and can donate electrons to the central metal atom. Now even larger molecules like NH2, CH2, CH2, NH2 which is nothing but ethylene diamine, or even larger macromolecules like proteins can also act as ligands as long as they have a donor atom like let's say the oxygen or nitrogen, and can act as a lowest base. Now when a ligand is bound to a metal atom through a single donor atom such as Cl- or oxygen or water or nitrogen of ammonia, then the ligand is referred to as monodentate. Yes, all of these given here are examples of monodentate ligands. And when a ligand can bind through two donor atoms it is said to be bidentate or also sometimes called didentate ligands. For example, ligands like ethylene diamine NH2, CH2, CH2, NH2 or oxalate ions as you can see here have two donor atoms that is two nitrogen in the case of ethylene diamine and two oxygen atoms, electron rich oxygen atoms in the case of oxalate ions which can donate electron pair to the electron deficient metal atom. So as you can see here in the cases where the ligands bind through two donor atoms such ligands are called bidentate ligands. And when we have several donor atoms present in a single ligand like in the case of N, CH2, CH2, NH2 thrice. So here the ligand is said to be polydentate. For example, EDTA which is a polydentate ligand or more specifically a hexadentate ligand can bind to a metal atom through two nitrogen as well as four oxygen atoms as you can see here. One, two, three and four. So as you can see here this ligand is a polydentate ligand and it can bind to the metal atom through six donor atoms. Now here's an interesting thing. When a bidentate or a polydentate ligand uses its two or more donor atoms to bind with a central metal atom simultaneously then it is also called a chelate ligand. And such complexes are called chelate complexes. Now because of the structural integrity the chelate ligands are much more stable than similar complexes that has unidentate ligands bonded to it. For example, here we have metal M bonded to six ammonia molecules and we know that ammonia is a unidentate ligand right? If the metal M is same in both the complexes the metal EDTA complex would be much more stable than the metal ammonia complex because of the structural stability offered by the chelation effect. Let's now look at a different type of ligand which is the ambidentate ligands. Ambidentate ligands are those ligands that contain two different donor atoms and can coordinate with either of the atoms with the central metal ion. For example, in NO2- the ligand can coordinate with the metal ion either through the nitrogen atom or through the oxygen atom. When it coordinates with the nitrogen atom we call nitrite ON complex and when it coordinates with the oxygen atom we call nitrite O complex. Similarly, thiocyanate ion SCN- can also coordinate with the central metal ion through sulphur in which case we call it thiocyanate OS or through nitrogen where we call it thiocyanate ON. So this is what happens in the case of ambidentate ligands where the ligand can coordinate through either of the donor atoms. So let's talk about a few more important terms related to coordination compounds in the next video.


All right, thank you for coming. So as I mentioned, the keynotes this morning, this will be a talk mainly about Debian and Open Embedded, Yachto, and the whole development process from prototyping to commercialization, some issues to think about, benefits of each of them, concerns about each of them. But additionally, just an introduction to the Snapdragon 410 platform. So there's some, anyway, I'll get to the slides and I can explain it from there. So the 410E Embedded platform is the chip itself, basically. And then there can be psalms created from that and other boards. But there's a reference board, the Dragonboard 410C development board, which is compliant with the 96 board spec. It's available from Aero. Lanaro produces software for it. There's a Debian build and an Open Embedded build. So the 410E processor basically is a quad core Cortex A53. It's got integrated connectivity, Bluetooth, GPS, Wi-Fi. It has a hexagon DSP in it. Currently, the builds for Open Embedded and for Debian don't have a hexagon SDK compatibility that's being worked on sometime in the near future. That should also be available. There's a Adreno 306 GPU, which is supported by the open source for Adreno driver. And then there's other, several other peripheral interfaces there at the bottom. So this is supported with an upstream kernel for graphics, video acceleration, audio, IO. One thing that is different with the 410C than some of the other embedded boards is that it uses the Android boot image format, and it uses the LK boot loader instead of a GRUB or RU boot, I should say. OK, this is my last slide on the 410C, and then I'll get into the other parts. So the difference here, the Snapdragon 410E part is a long-term availability part. So if you're prototyping something, building something today, that part's going to be around for 10 years total. If you're looking at prototyping, the Dragonboard 410C is a great platform to take into your prototyping on. And they're both available. They'll be sold through Arrow. There's also a link there to other embedded platforms if you want to see some of the other commercial options for getting the 410E. So back to Debian. So let me start with just giving you an overview of the Debian ecosystem. Some of the pros and cons. So Debian has a huge repository of pre-built packages. If you're trying to get up and running quickly, I mean, this is the benefit that people have seen with Raspberry Pi and many of the developer boards is you don't have to build everything from scratch. You don't have to start and have a nine-hour build time to get up and running with a root file system. You can basically app get install, all the things you need, many things are prepackaged, at least the dependencies are there for other packages. And that's huge for prototyping.  There's a very active community of supporters and contributors to Debian. They do a great job doing updates, doing bug fixes, supporting the releases, being transparent. They have a Debian social contract, which talks about how the Debian packages will remain open, how they will also allow for closed-source packages to be used with Debian, how any of those packages can be used not necessarily in the aggregate of Debian, but individually as well. It really lays out all the things that are useful to understand how this can be used commercially. The one caveat I would say is if you don't have a long history and background in Debian with the package management and the history and evolution of Debian, much of the documentation that's there is going to be very, very difficult, because it presumes a lot of understanding of the different packaging projects that have been there. They've evolved over time. Some of the documentation is a little stale. So those are some of the things you're going to find with Debian. Yeah, so releases. So Debian has stable releases and testing releases. At any given time, there's one stable, one testing release, which has the support of the Debian security team. And then when a new version is released, or when it evolves and when testing moves to stable, there's usually about an additional year provided for support for that from the Debian security team. However, there is another group, the Debian long-term support group, which is extending the lifetime of Debian stable releases to at least five years. So this is really, really great for companies that need to provide long-term support for platforms. And this is also being looked at by certain other projects like the Civil Infrastructure Project. So the Debian build methodology typically has been historically native build. If you have something that you want to build in Debian, you build it natively on the platform that it's on. It's either if it's an ARM hard float, you build it on an ARM hard float platform, et cetera. And for instance, if you have a 4.10c or a Raspberry Pi, any of those boards, and you have a simple project that you want to build, it's simple to just build it on the board itself. Install all of the necessary build packages, build it easy, super simple. However, if you want to build Chrome, you're not going to do that on your Raspberry Pi. You're not going to do that on most embedded boards. If you're trying to build Clang, I don't even think you can link it on most of these boards. So one of the other things that people use is doing native build, but doing it in QMU. Then you have access to a lot more RAM. You can get all the packages installed. You basically create a sys route using multi-strap, and then you can install all the dependent packages that you need. And basically, CH route into the CH route, you can bind map all everything you need so that you can just have network access and app get installed additional packages if you wanted. The caveat is that it runs about five times at least slower than your native system will. And that's the challenge. There is work going on, especially I believe in the Buster release to improve the cross-build capabilities of Debian. There is some that are there. Debian also supports MultiArch so that you can install other architectures. And so I could install the basic G-Lib C other packages into my PC. So say I could do ARH64 and load those packages in and build and link an application. But there's many problems. For instance, say I need the Python dev headers. And if I want to install those for a foreign architecture, they collide with the native ones. And so I can't actually install them. So there are some problems just doing that. This cross-build is not the same as that. It uses a sys route approach as well. There are some things that are still broken, but it seems like it's evolving. It seems like the story's improving. And I can't say that I have gone down that road because it's fairly new, I think, in the sense that it may be more viable. So dev package format, for those not familiar with Debian, it's basically it has your control files that are in it. It has the description of the package dependencies. It has all of the packages laid out. There's lots of tools for querying the packages, installing them. It is a package format supported also by Yachto. It's any Debian derivative like Ubuntu uses it as well. But there's a really confusing evolution of packaging helpers to create these packages. And so one of the more recent ones is this git build package. If you have a git repository, you can use it to build a package. There was pbuilder, which I think is still used. There's sbuild, which I don't even have any idea what it is because I've never used that. And then there's dh, which is basically dev helper 7. So you'll see references to these if you're reading the Debian documentation. And this is sort of the big learning curve part if you're really trying to get into that. Typically, the Debian methodology is you would create a source package. And then the source package would be compiled and generate the binary package, which you would then deploy. However, if you have binaries that are pre-generated, that are closed source, that you need to repackage into your system, that's not typically the Debian methodology. And it is not a real good fit there. So some of the things I've done in the past is just basically create my own control file, install the files into that, and then run dpackage dev build just to package it up with the necessary dependencies. And then I can integrate it into my system. I can install it, uninstall it, and it makes it much cleaner than just throwing a tarball in to the system. So Debian, very friendly terms for commercial deployment, some links there. If you are rolling something out and you don't want necessarily just an apt update and an apt upgrade and get all the different packages, if you need to have a tested release be deployed at any moment in time, you can pin packages if you want, so you don't have to pick up certain packages. But you may want to control when an update can be done, if not allowing obviously root access and not allowing anyone to just do an apt update, an apt upgrade. There are some license compliance tools that are there that are mainly done for the overall Debian repository.  So if you're doing license compliance for your product, obviously this is a big important thing. And having five years of support is a huge benefit of Debian. Currently the Lunaro build for 4.10c is based on Debian testing. So if you're prototyping now, and depending on the life cycle of your prototyping phase, if you plan to roll out on stable, it's actually a good pipeline rather than rolling out on stable and eating up a year of your support time. All right, so I'll switch over to Yachto Open Embedded. So there's maybe some confusion as to what's the difference between Yachto and Open Embedded. So there's a couple good sites I found. Strangely Wikipedia actually gives you a fairly good description of the layers and the way that this works. There's basically what Open Embedded is is a series of layers of recipes in order to build packages that then can be brought together to create a root file system that you can then deploy. Kunkui has a really good slides there that describe the terminology of this if you're interested in understanding more if you find any of the terms confusing. But just to cut to the chase here, basically Open Embedded is a build system that's based on BitBake, which is a way to build the packages from these recipes. Open Embedded is not a distro. It's just made up of collections of recipes for BitBake organized by layers. So what is Yachto? Well, Yachto basically provides a reference distro that's built with Open Embedded, but it adds a lot of additional tools and recipes, which I'll get into some of them. Yeah, so one of the big benefits of Open Embedded or Yachto is if you're building products that are cost sensitive and you really need to reduce flash, reduce RAM, reduce the bomb cost, and you're super sensitive to the size of your root file system image, this is gonna be better for you than typical Debian system, which may have many more base packages or package dependencies. You have flexibility, you have control, you can decide what options you wanna enable in a package when you build it. You can build with Busybox versus a set of other packages. You can choose whatever tool chain you want. You're not stuck with the tool chains that are available in that particular release of Debian, for instance. They provide tools for software compliance. You can basically generate an XPDX report that will tell you what of all the different packages are from your root file system and its dependencies out. Sometimes that's needed if you're providing things in a supply chain. But Yachto and OpenEmbedded have a huge learning curve for anyone who has not used it before. It is basically going to be a whole different way of doing things from just basically taking your root file system and pointing your sys root there with your compiler and building. You have all these recipes. You have Python layers that build it. I have definitely had to dive into the Python layers to a bit bake, to debug things and builds. So that is the challenge with it. It also takes a long time to build the images, depending on how big if you want one with X11 and a bunch of extra packages. And depending on the speed of your machine, it can take, it's taking me up to like nine hours to build a root file system image. And if you want to change something and tweak the configuration of your build, you may end up regenerating the entire build again. So there is lots of challenges with this, but you get the flexibility that you need. It also requires lots of storage and processing power. You definitely want to share by disk when you're starting to work with this kind of system. So when I adopt this, what am I getting myself into?  When you are using Open Embedded, you're building your own distro.  You control the system updates. You control getting all those critical fixes in there. And when they're deployed, whether users can install packages or not. But there's no third-party software ecosystem for your specific distro unless you create it. Basically, when you do a Yachto build, you can do a build of the SDK for your specific distro. And then that is what a third-party internal or external could build with. So say that you have a development team that does not want to develop in using Open Embedded because they don't have the expertise, they don't have the time, they don't have the overhead. They're used to building with assist root. You can generate an SDK for your baseline platform, give it to that other team. They can generate their software product and then run it on top of your BSP. We've used that internally at Qualcomm. That's a good model to separate components when you're doing rapid prototyping. And there are a couple of ways to do these SDKs. There's a standard external SDK which is really just like assist root. And then there's this extensible SDK which has a totally different workflow that lets you build and package your software and be able to upload your recipes into this, you're basically extend your BSP so that other people can basically create extensions that are compatible with your platform. There's a great talk at last year's ELC which I gave a link for there. I'll read you for time. All right, lots of time. So what's the workflow then for doing this? When you are using Yachto, you basically create your own layer of recipes that are custom. You can take existing recipes and just tweak them slightly using a append file, a BB append file that says, take this recipe, but instead do this or add this patch or change this version. Or you can create a whole new recipe and add that in your own layer as well. So in Lenaro's case there, they've created a meta Qualcomm layer that adds Qualcomm specific recipes for things that are specific to that platform. You then need to aggregate all the layers. Is it a Yachto layer, an open embedded layer, an external layer, for instance, there's a MetaRoss layer that's available on GitHub that you could then integrate as well. And then you create this bblayers.conf file that puts all those layers together and says, here's all the different layers that make up all of the different recipes that I can pull from to build my root file system. You then set up your local.conf file that says, okay, this is the target I'm building and this is the compilers I'm using and the target machine and all my build flags and if I'm masking any packages and anything else that defines this is how I'm going to make my build. And then you can build either standard targets that are in Yachto, for instance, like this BitBake core image minimal or you can define your own images for your specific product or you can build what are called package groups that define a whole bunch of packages related to one thing and then just build that particular package group. You can also build an individual package if you want to specify that. So that was the workflow for open embedded. There are some hybrid approaches between Debian and open embedded. One of them was presented here before. ISR was something that Siemens had initially started and it basically was a package builder. It was not a distro builder. So it could take any Debian derived OS like Debian or Mdebian or Ubuntu even and you could build compatible packages for that distribution using this system which basically used BitBake and BitBake recipes and used all of the headers and everything from Debian. So it's a way to do a cross build basically for Debian and it let people who are used to creating embedded products with open embedded and BitBake to do that for a Debian based system. This, I've tried it, I've used it. There were some caveats. I had to run several things as root.  So it's a little fragile and it's not something that I would have felt comfortable rolling out to people at least at the time that I had used it. There's another one called Debi which is a merger of the Debian approach to things and the Pocky approach to things and it became Debi. So it is not a package builder. It's basically a distro builder in the sense that you can build your own custom distro but it is using all of the source packages from Debian to do that. And so what's the point? Why would you do that? Basically you had that five-year support for all those Debian source packages. So the Debian community is committed to supporting those so if you're creating a product and you need to create your own custom one and you don't wanna rely on the packages in Yachto which only have a year support and you wanna leverage those. This is a great way to figure out how to incorporate that long-term support with your custom platform build. This is what's being looked at from the Civil Infrastructure Project which is currently based on Debi. And anyway, there's a link there to more about that. So commercial deployments of OE and Yachto. This is kind of why it exists is for commercial deployment. It was, Yachto was created from a bunch of commercial companies in the open embedded ecosystem. There was Mentor Graphics. There was, I can't even remember all the different players that were there, Wind River. And basically they wanted to consolidate the directions of things and to figure out how to scale and not replicate common activities. And so, excuse me, that's basically why Yachto exists. There's no commercial distro, I would say, from Yachto. It provides Pocky, which is a reference distro. It's basically, this is how you would put a distro together. And Lenaro doesn't use Yachto per se. They create something called the reference platform build. And Pocky is not part of that. So Yachto, it makes, as I said, two releases a year and each release is only supported for one year, which is a challenge for commercially. If you're deploying something that's based on Yachto, you now have to figure out, well, where am I gonna get my fixes from? Where am I gonna get security fixes? How am I gonna pipeline those in? Who's responsible for that? Can I pay someone to do that?  And there are some companies that are offering commercial support. You can buy their, basically their BSP based on Yachto customized for your hardware and have a support contract through them. So then product, yeah, correct. So let me say, so the same mentor graphics, right? In order for them to have a business in scale, what they would do is they would create a distribution, a reference BSP that works across multiple SOCs that basically has a common tested platform and then they would do the tweaks to change the kernel for that particular SOC or others. And then the incremental difference is basically what you're charging so that it's scalable to charge to different customers. It wouldn't be possible for them to create a special snowflake distro for every different customer and support every one of them for 10 years. It would be phenomenally expensive for someone to do that. If you're creating something highly fragmented, it's gonna be very expensive. It all depends. Yes, true, true, fair enough. So it certainly, the more common it is, the more scalable it is. And I think that is the point I'm really trying to make. Okay, so for planning, for productization, some potential gotchas. For a lot of Qualcomm platforms, I know that there's older compilers use like a 4.9 compiler to build things. Some of those things are on Qualcomm Developer Network. And so if you're trying to grab some of that stuff and integrate them into something like a recent version of Debian, you're gonna find that there could be some challenges involved. If you have proprietary middleware that you've been using, say that you were using actually Android. So there is an Android build that you could run on a 4.10c, but it's not something that's commercially supported. It's actually just for community more. You're gonna find that there were, it's a downstream kernel, it has access to certain pieces of hardware that are maybe not enabled in the fully upstream build yet. So just again, something to be aware of if you've used Android and you're anticipating that all of these things are gonna map over, you wanna check that first. There's pre-built libraries that may have different C++ APIs. So you have the change that happened in GCC 5 where they moved to the proper C++ 11 ABI and broke clang at the time. And so there was a lot of issues depending on the compiler that you have through that timeframe. There's also people who are using the Android compilers and those versions of them and then trying to move to an IoT platform that has a much more recent compiler. There's a flag that you need to set basically to select the ABI that you're using to build and make sure that you're building things that are compatible as you're putting all these libraries together. Commercial support and software updates, LTS kernels. Basically, if you support an LTS kernel, there was an announcement from Greg Grohartman at Lenox Foundation about it was a six-year support for five-year support or just six years, six years support, yeah, for LTS kernels now. And so there's the question of do you want to stay in a kernel that old versus not? Sometimes you have to, but basically it provides you that option. And then, or do you want to have, so do you have a frozen OS basically? If you chose Yachto and you chose to go with the Morty release and you're gonna support that for 10 years, are you gonna support the Morty release on that hardware for 10 years or are you gonna migrate users from the Morty to the Pyro to the Rocky and each thing as it goes on? So you wanna think about how you're going to do updates to your system given the support, the ways that support is structured for bug fixes and security updates and everything for those platforms. And then open source compliance, what tools do you have? Do you need to provide an XPDX for your, what is it, for your basically stream of deployment? Or customers who use your product? Supply chain, that's the word I'm looking for. And then on top of all that, if you have a platform, how many third-party tools do you wanna leverage that may or may not be built for your specific custom distro that you make? If you have middleware components that you want to use that would need to, that say AWS for instance, may not be able to target and build custom for every individual BSP, it would depend on the size of the customer and those kinds of things. So if you have something like a Debian, which is a scalable addressable platform for third parties to create software for, you then have a much easier way to roll out third-party packages and support third-party packages on your device and platform. Robot operating system, others as well. There can be lots of pain trying to incorporate ROS and all its dependencies and everything else into the Yocto platform, especially as it rolls from release to release. For Debian, it's basically an app get install. All right. So I wanted to leave you with some useful links. I hope the slides are useful, stand alone. But basically if you want more information on the Dragonboard 4.10.C, there's links off that page to both the Debian and Open Embedded builds for that. There's the Qualcomm Developer Networks page that has lots of different projects that can be done on the 4.10.C. Debian Resources, if you wanna find out more information for Debian, there's the support page there. Open Embedded, there's a guide on 96 boards, which is very useful that talks about Open Embedded and just gives a general overview and then how you can use it on the 96 board platforms. Yocto, it has a very extensive developer manual that you can get access to there for each of the different releases. Pardon me. And then Arrow Electronics is where you would go to get a Dragonboard 4.10.C or any of the accessory boards that are available for it. So thank you very much for coming and I'll take some questions. Yeah. So there's a trade-off. There's a break-even point, right? So say that I have 10 packages that I have to build. If I have to build 10 packages, way easier to do it in QMU because five times the cost of 10 packages is not the time of building an entire OS from scratch. Ah, one sec. But if you have 100 packages or more to build, your times start to become almost as long as building the OS from scratch. Depends how much of the OS is your custom stuff and how much of it is differentiating. Correct. So the question was about building a single package and that it doesn't take that long to actually build a single package. That's correct in that once you've eaten the initial cost of building your BSP and you have a package and you want to make a modification, making a modification to a specific package that changes no platform dependencies is relatively quick. And so that's not a big deal once you're used to the workflow. If you change anything in that package or you change something in the platform for that package, you are rebuilding the whole platform. Yeah. Yes, yes. Correct, I'll summarize the comment. So good point in that, what Yachto does is it doesn't every time tell you that you have to build the entire distro from scratch again, if you change something, it will track the dependencies of the things you changed and build all the components necessary to do that change. So, correct. Right, so the device, so the dragon board is not a 10 year part. The chip, the Snapdragon chip and that is available for the 10 years and there's many hardware partners that are making either psalms or boards related to that. Software right now, if you're going through Lenaro, there's the Debian build, if you want to prototype on something, if you're really going to do and you could commercialize on that as well. If you want to use open embedded, certainly that's another path that you can do. Lenaro right now updates every time there's a new open embedded release, they'll rebase their open embedded on that. So if you're going to roll with the open embedded releases and you choose open embedded, then that's basically your path forward. If you're going to freeze, then you got to decide who's going to do the support for you. So I would not say that it's Qualcomm's issue per se to do that choice, these choices are yours, but correct, well anything that's in the upstream kernel that supports that device should not likely be removed from it. There's basically like old platforms and the maintainers would ask Qualcomm, is anyone using this anymore? Should we remove it or not? If it's already supported in the upstream kernel, it's not going to vanish overnight. No, there's not, I don't think there's a anyone who's saying that there's a long term commitment to support something which is already supported. It didn't, I don't think, if it's supported in the upstream kernel. Yeah, did you have a question? You were building the tool chain three times. You're building the tool chain, you're building the Canadian Cross tool chain or the Bootstrap tool chain, and then you're building the tool chain and then you can build the build. Yeah, 410C, and it is supported upstream through video for Linux, V4L2. I believe there are the open max drivers that are in the 410C. That's, yes, I believe that's true. So it's a zero copy pipeline that Lenaro's put together for the upstream support for the video core. There's the open, I believe, I believe it's based on the open max IL components wrapped around the Dree Stream layer or wrapped around the, so the other parts are there, you can leverage those directly. Lenaro guys are probably the best guys to talk to. Is there any other questions? Comments? Corrections? Great, thank you everybody for coming.


Okay, we're back. We're live. It's the nine o'clock clock on a given Tuesday. This is Stank Tech. I'm Jay Fidel, and that's Danielle Kessler, and she is the United States Director for the International Fund for Animal Welfare, and we are delighted to have her on the show. Good morning, Danielle. Good morning. So let's talk about, you know, I think his name is David Attenborough, and he makes movies, and one of the points he makes in all his environment movies is that we're all in this together. Every animal, every insect, every microbe, we form the world, and we cannot afford to drop anything out of the chain. And any animal that goes extinct is the threat to humanity, because it means the world is less secure and it's ecological integrity. And he talks about that in his movies. What do you think about when you think about animal welfare? I mean, I think David Attenborough has it absolutely right. We are all inextricably linked. We, as humans, obviously depend on things like the clean air and water and things that healthy ecosystems can provide to us. But even beyond that, we know too that just biodiversity, being in nature, seeing animals contributes significantly just to human well-being, to our very attitudes for our spirits. We need nature. We need it for actual life and to feel alive too. Right. As a species, we're part of the chain, so to speak. We're making a movie now about the relationship of COVID and climate change. And one of the most interesting things we get from our eight scientists who we're collaborating with on this is that bats, although they transmitted COVID probably back a year ago or more, bats are important to us because they're part of the animal ecology. So we can't say, get rid of all the bats. No more than you can say, get rid of all the sharks. You can't do that.  It took a long time for nature to create this world. Then we cannot punch holes in it at any level. So anyway, enough of that. Let's talk about how you got involved in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In my mind's eye, I always wanted to do that. So why did you do it? Did you study it in school? Did you wake up one morning and decided that your mission in life was to protect fish and wildlife? Really, I did. I was always a kid that was fascinated by wildlife. I grew up in Pennsylvania, sort of a rural area of Pennsylvania, loved to be out in nature, loved to watch TV in the nature specials and go and visit the zoo. My first sort of experience and venture into conservation was working at zoos and aquariums, working, you know, understanding the animals and educating the public. So I really enjoyed that aspect of taking the animals that were in front of you and talking about how you, as you fall in love with these animals, can really work to protect them in the wild. And so I decided to again that work and said, I don't want to just talk to the public and just talk to kids and things as wonderful as they are and as the biggest change makers there. I always wanted to talk to the policymakers and I want to be able to drive policy level change on this. And so when back, I actually was started with International Fund for Animal Welfare back when I was in graduate school more than a decade ago and started working with them on some really fantastic campaigns on protecting big activity, saving whales, saving the right North Atlantic right whale in particular. And then took some of that nonprofit experience and said, I want to go see what it's like to work on the government side of this. Because so much of what we were doing in the nonprofit sector was trying to influence government decisions on this and trying to say here's how you should do it. And I said, I don't understand how to be really influential if I don't understand how things work on that other side. And so I went to the US Fish and Wildlife Service and spent a wonderful seven years there working in their international wildlife trade area and international conservation. And then just decided it was time to go back to the NGO sector and see what I could do over there too. So it's been a journey and encountered so many different perspectives and conservation along the way, all of which have been really informative. And I think there are there's just so many threads of things that we all can agree on and that we all can move forward in terms of conservation and animal protection. Yeah, no, for those people who are watching who want to apply and get your job, what is your study in that graduate program? So I did an interdisciplinary graduate program. It was called Conservation Biology and Sustainable Sustainable Development. And it was a bit of my undergraduate was in biology. And then for my graduate, it had conservation biology, but we also did environmental economics and public policy. And then I also studied a bit of communication. So it was very much applied sort of graduate degree to take all of those different elements together. How exciting. So the jump from the US Fish and Wildlife Service to the IFAW, the International Fund for Animal Welfare. What was that like? All of a sudden, it's you're not limited to the United States, although you're the US director, but you're interested in more more global things. Am I right? How did how did that expand your horizons? Yeah, the US Fish and Wildlife Service is one of the agencies within Department of Interior. And so I really enjoyed and loved the work there, but you know, you're obviously confined by working with the government, you know, and so there's only so much you can do in terms of communications and, you know, really thinking like you're an implementer of the laws that are before you and you are implementing the laws as they are written. So, you know, a bit less of an ability to be sort of an influencer of change to a point that you have those confines. And so then stepping to the International Fund for Animal Welfare, it's given me an ability to work on a lot different campaigns. You know, some days are spent working on talking, as I mentioned, about saving North Atlantic right whales. We're working very closely with the lobster industry there to get some innovative fishing technologies and gear technologies in place. And then some days it's working on wildlife crime, and we're talking more about how to reduce demand and working with companies, technology platforms in the US about how to remove wildlife products that are illegal from our platforms. Sometimes we're talking about big cats and captivity, which tends to get lots of media attention sometimes when there's big cats that escape and things like that. And we work a bit on that a lot actually on big cats and captivity. And so it's enjoyable to have multiple sort of campaigns and species that I'm working on at once. Yeah, you know, people are very passionate about this. I don't know whether it's, you know, an extension of your feelings about your house bet, or really they see it as a global issue. I know one woman and she's a philanthropist, and she spends a lot of time in Southeast Asia. I don't know about right now, right now, maybe complicated, but she spends a lot of time protecting tigers. And she's so dedicated, so passionate about that. Just the one thing, just tigers. But it's okay. It's okay to adopt the species of tiger. It's okay and see them flourish, hopefully. But one, you know, one thing I know you're interested in, and that's what our show is about, is the illegal trade in wildlife. Very concerning. And I guess the first thing is, who would do that? Who would do that? And why would they do it? Apparently from money. And I just like you to describe to us the nature of that quote, industry end quote. Yeah, so it depends on what part of the chain that you're looking at in terms of why they would do something like that. So when we talk about a legal wildlife trade, we're talking about the entire trade chain, which starts with the poaching of an animal, the poaching or illegal taking, illegal hunting or illegal killing of an animal, all the way through to the time that it is purchased or consumed or whatever the end use of that might be. So, you know, when we're looking at that earlier part of the trade chain, you know, the poachers and things. So we do see an element of organized crime in illegal wildlife trade. And so we oftentimes see these criminal networks that deal in illegal wildlife, also dealing in drugs, arms, human trafficking, they're dealing in other types of crime as well. Wildlife crime, wildlife trafficking is particularly relative to other forms of trafficking, fairly low risk and high reward. So you're getting, you know, significant cash sales, whatever it might be for a relatively low risk, because the crimes just aren't often prosecuted at sort of the level of severity of others. And so for some organized crime groups, this could be exactly, it's low risk, high reward for the poachers, for the folks who might be, you know, actually engaging in the legal killing. I mean, it depends on where they're at. It may be a matter of this is the job, this is the livelihood that is easiest for them to pursue, and they just need to provide for their family. It depends on the area there. So you have to really, we can't characterize sort of all of the motivations for illegal wildlife trade the same. It's dependent on the location that is taking place. It depends on the species that is being harvested, what those various things are. And then down to, you know, the consumer who's actually getting these, consuming these things. Again, that depends on the species. When we talk about illegal wildlife trade, the products vary widely. Sometimes it's live animals for the pet trade. Sometimes it is animals for human consumption, because there's exotic foods and things. Sometimes it's medicinal. It may be home decor items. It could be pretty little trinkets. It's collectibles. It's, you know, rugs or ivory trinkets and things like that. So the range of products is vast and the range of species that are impacted by it is even more vast. And so consumers from the consumers for those things can range from, you know, someone who is a hobbyist and wants to own them the rarest reptile and, you know, could be from somebody who wants to just be a collector and get a, you know, a high value trinket or product. And some of them are intentional from consumers. Others are just uninformed. We can talk a little about, you know, sort of that, those different levels that some people just don't know what they're. Okay, that's really helpful to understand exactly what motivates people. And it's nuanced. It's various things. But what about the scenario where somebody observes the illegal trade? They see it happening. They see the poachers. I mean, let's take it, one scenario we all know about is poachers killing elephants in Africa for their tusks in the ivory and so forth. So I see this happen. I'm just a tourist or I'm just a resident. I don't do it. I just see it. Can you talk about the chain of complaint? Can you talk about what happens when this person decides that he or she wants to make this known and bring in organizations like the IFAW to try to stop it? Yeah, so it depends on where you would witness something like that.  And so many of those protected areas, when you go into them, you're going to get your handouts, your maps, your things about the park and have some sort of way to report an incident when you're there. So, you know, looking to that local authority that might be able to provide you with some assistance. You know, the same thing with Stanford here in the US, if you were, you know, because there are native species. There was just recently a fairly significant prosecution related to collection of native turtles. So there is a significant raid in collection of native turtle species, which are protected and export of those. So, you know, if you would see something like that, you would contact likely the US Fish and Wildlife Service, or otherwise, you know, if you're in a state park or something and saw that your state wildlife agency. You know, you talk about an international effort. And the first thing that comes to mind is 92 countries out there. And this might be happening in a number of them, but they all have different laws. This is correct me if I'm wrong, but this is not a United Nations kind of area. This is country by country, organization by organization, and maybe some nonprofits like IFAW. But the laws will differ, and the regulators will differ, and the enforcement will differ. So you don't know what you're going to get when you make that call. Yeah, that's right. There is a global framework to internet for a two wildlife trade. It's called SITES. It's a convention on international trade and endangered species of wild fauna in Florida. Doesn't exactly roll off the tongue, but we call it SITES for a short. And SITES protects more than 35,000 different species that are in trade. So what SITES is not, it's not a list of species that are endangered or species that are threatened necessarily. That's not the only criteria to get onto a SITES appendix. SITES is about protecting species that are at risk due to being traded and perhaps many of them being traded. And so it's a protection from that. So it's a regulation of trade. So once a species goes into a SITES, and there's 183 parties to SITES now, so there's only a couple of countries that are not parties to SITES, and it sets up a permitting system. So every single country that is a member of a SITES, if you are importing, if you're exporting any species that are protected by that and any product of that species, right? So if it's a species that part of it is an ingredient in a facial cream, then that needs to be permitted, and you've got to apply to your SITES authorities to get the proper permits for that. So there is an international framework, and then it's up to each of those countries who's a party to it to make sure that it's implemented. And it's frankly up to do the NGOs to the nonprofits that are working in those phases to make sure that the countries are implementing it, to be following up with them, making sure that they're putting regulations into place, making sure that they're funding it, making sure that they're not corrupting along the lines. Do you do that? Yes, we absolutely engage on SITES. We're very active in that SITES work. It's a public process in that you can help to suggest species that might make sense to be listed. So for example, I thought it looked at, we do a lot of monitoring of online trade. So we've seen, just as most commerce, because there's been a significant shift to online market places versus physical market places. And so we started more than 17 years ago actually looking at online wildlife trade and sort of tracking and monitoring what was happening there. And so as we see different trends, so for example, if we saw a spike in certain species of reptiles or certain species of birds, and we will be able to take that information and that data that we've selected in data countries or data parties, societies, this is something that we see increasing that could potentially be a risk or a detriment to this species. This needs to be considered for protection. Because again, it's not, it's not a ban on trade, it's saying we've got to regulate this and watch that. And so we are doing the data collection and monitoring helping form those decisions and say, this is the trend we see. This is something we need, this is actually we need to take now. Do you individually get involved in that? Well, I individually involved that. I used to. So when I was at US Special Malday Service, I served on the delegation to the CITES meeting. So we worked, yeah, I worked directly on it then, but we were, it was fantastic actually. We were part of a delegation that Pangolins uplisted. So Pangolins are protected globally now via the CITES appendices. So yeah, they did work on that directly. Pangolins are suspected as bats are suspected of carrying the COVID-19 virus. I don't know if that's been proven, but it takes me to a question I really wanted to ask you, and that's this. We have a world so complex in terms of our physical environment and our animal environment. It is so complex. All these species out there, all these variations on the seam, they're everywhere in every country, and they've been developing for eons, and by the process of natural selection, before humanity became so aggressive and hunted them down, fact is that they were in balance. Nature had created an ecological and an animal species balance of sorts. Now we're protecting some because we decide those are the ones we should protect. We're not necessarily protecting others. It's like maybe the decision on culling the herd.  And so many other species, which we allow people to cull the herd, or we turn the other way, if you will, when we know that there's damage to the herd. But aren't we getting in the way of nature? Aren't we getting in the way of the organic process by which all of life on this planet has been and should be organized? Do you go to a scientist, for example, and say, look, we're thinking of protecting this species, but not that one. We're worried about the extinction of this one, but not that one. Does anybody make those larger ecological, scientific, habitat type decisions before anyone gets involved in trying to enforce these rules? Yeah. So there's certainly biodiversity maps that are out there. We know the hot spots for biodiversity. And oftentimes, there's a lot of species that are serving as sort of umbrella species, if you will. So this species is being protected, so the habitat that it's within is protected, and that's a biodiversity. And so a lot of the sort of species specific conservation has a ripple effect. And if you're conserving that one particular species, you are in essence conserving a lot of the ecosystem. That being said, in some ways, it is like a point, though, in that this sort of selective protection is an interesting approach. And there is more talk, particularly with COVID-19 and the recent pandemic and the talk of zoonotic disease and our realization. I mean, as you said before, the answer is not to get rid of all that. And we've seen that happen in other pandemics that have broken out, I think it was Gambian Pelfrats at one point that carried it, that were a disease vector, and it was like, we've got to eliminate that. Our point is, that's not the solution. The solution is not to eliminate a species that could be, the solution is to change how we interact with those animals, which is why there's been a push for closing down the wet markets and making sure that the animals aren't put into these conditions. That would be a breeding source for zoonotic disease risk. And the thing is too, a lot of this is meant to be those animals were never meant to be brought out into the wild or humans were never meant to be in that close contact with them. They were meant to be in sort of protected areas that didn't have human interaction. So we have to think about how we interact with the animals overall. But as we're looking at the zoonotic disease risk, there is more of a push to say, okay, is it, we reverse this? Because oftentimes we're doing, you know, Endangered Species Act, CITES, we're saying, here's a thing that's a problem. Let's list this one species and we'll take care of that. Whereas what if we sort of reverse that script and said everything's protected and you can't trade in it or you can't do these things with it until we say that it is sustainable, that it doesn't present a zoonotic disease risk, that this species can reproduce quickly enough that some trade in it is fine and it's not going to affect the species as a whole, you know, that sort of much more precautionary principle of no until you can prove that it's not going to be detrimental. One of the things we've learned in talking to these scientists, I suppose you're really one of them actually, is that climate change forces animals out of their natural habitat and they wind up going places where they haven't lived before. And that's often closer to humanity, to civilized areas and cities and inhabited places. At the same time, you know, you have people who now are exposed to those same animals and there's a proximity, you know, and this kind of explains some of that zoonotic spillover transmission of disease. Because we are, we, the humans, are closer to the animals than we were before. The animals are closer to us and so we're living maybe too close to them. We're getting closer all the time because of the increase in population and the fact that people move and animal moves, animals move because of climate change. The result is, you know, that we have the risk of COVID not only now, but on into the future. And it depends on our relationship with the animal world. Have you heard that? Do you agree with that? Yeah, I agree with that. I would say that, you know, still being, being just in close proximity with an animal doesn't necessarily increase your disease risk from like that. So, for example, if you're, I think everyone's probably seen an increase. I know I have in like my urban neighborhood, you know, how to black bear in a neighbor's backyard. And I saw a coyote walking down like a four-lane road. So there has been, particularly in this time when humans have sort of retreated to their home, we've seen nature coming out in droves. And we've seen animals that, you know, have been in our backyards all along, but we frankly didn't really even realize it because they were kind of staying away from us. And so we at Eifel have been looking for a long time, but have also been putting a lot of information about how to coexist with wildlife. So, you know, if you do have these animals that are in your backyard, and if they are, that's good, right? They're keeping, you know, the coyotes are keeping the rodent populations down. And so they're keeping in some way that balance of making sure that you don't have additional disease vectors around.  Make sure that you don't feed these animals. A lot of people still, you know, think that it's a good idea to go out and let me give them my leftovers. Don't find food in the natural sources and, you know, promoting feeding wildlife and things is going to promote them to come closer and in proximities that we don't necessarily want them. So responsible coexistence with animals, not necessarily a disease risk, but capturing those animals, putting them into close quarters alongside animals they shouldn't be with or otherwise interacting with them in ways that we shouldn't be is where you really get in. Yeah, that's complicated.  Anyway, I want to, I want to move to one great pet peeve.  You know, we have shows here on think tech involving human rights and war crimes and atrocities that are happening right now. And there are many people who many organizations that would like to stop those things. They are increasing in the world. There are many people who would like to fund those organizations to stop those things. And the problem is that not every country has the same rules. Sometimes it's virtually impossible to get a given government to take action. Sometimes you have to go to a third party country, and you have to find those who would fund the illegal activities and try to stop them there. So, you know, it's, this is not dissimilar, I think, from organizations that would like to stop atrocities and war crimes and violations of human rights. How do you do that?  How do you stop them? Yeah, so I'm going to go. So here within the US we don't have the ability to enforce or get engaged. We're not a law enforcement. There have been times where I said, I really just want to make up an alias and, you know, go investigate this online group and I want to do some undercover investigations. That's not something that's within my purview or something that I can do. But that means that in other areas where we work, for example, you know, we do a lot of anti-coaching work. We're working along the border of Malawi and Zambia to secure some protected areas in there. And so we are training range of controls. So the law enforcement that we're able to provide is support for law enforcement. And so we're able to supply things like uniforms and rations and equipment that they might need and help fulfill those costs that they need to do their law enforcement job, help provide them with specialized training. So we have a whole series of trainings we do where we work individually with countries to identify their needs. One thing we've been looking at a lot lately is live animals seized in trade. So oftentimes when we talk about illegal wildlife trade, people think of ivory or they think of tiger skins or something like that, which aren't a big deal when you see them, what to do with them.  But when you see live animals that are being traded for the pet trade or else wise, what do you do with those live animals? And so these, you know, law enforcement agents suddenly, if they are starting to crack down on wildlife trafficking, may encounter themselves in a situation where they have a shipment of chimpanzees or squirrel monkeys that they don't really know what to do with. That wasn't in their job description. And so what we can do is give them pools, give them training, let them know how to take care of those animals and in and around how to find a, you know, a housing and appropriate housing and care for them to ensure that they don't go back into illegal wildlife trade, right? We don't have them finding like any person to take care of them that says, hey, I know how to take care of this. And then suddenly it's going into their hands and directly back into illegal wildlife trade. It just came out of. So a lot of what we do is providing that support, technical expertise, as well as resources to support law enforcement. I'm just wondering, Danielle, if I, if I buy through illicit channels, an animal which is protected, say it's come from another country or continent, and I'm an American citizen and I possess that animal. Let's say, I don't know, let's, I don't know, this is illegal, but a chimpanzee, for example, I buy one. And does anybody treat that as an illegal act to possess the animal that has been through in illegal trafficking circumstance? Yeah. So for anything that would be protected under the Endangered Species Act, the sale or purchase of that is, is illegal, depending, right? There's lots of nuances that I won't go into. But yeah, that is, that is something that would be considered illegal if you're purchasing a protected species. And that being said, there is, you know, like you mentioned before, there, there are times when we know that people may be an unaware of, you know, as a buyer, you know, so that's going to go to law enforcement discretion as to how they approach that.  But, you know, where did that come from? What store did it come from? Where is the trafficker that does actually know that they're participating in illegal wildlife trafficking?  There was an instance fairly close to me in Virginia of stores, of antique stores, of, you know, having a lot of other legal activity taking place in them, but having this illegal trade running alongside it. So you can walk into a store that looks like a perfectly normal storefront, same as with online, and they're actually illegal wildlife products there.  Is there any way we can measure your success at achieving this mission? I mean, it's always, I think there is, but it is always hard to know where this would be without these efforts, right? So we have seen, we've been looking at illegal online wildlife trade for 17 years. It's still happening. It's certainly still happening. It's still happening in large volume. I don't think we've seen that with the growth of the Internet. I don't think we've seen as much expansion of it as there is relative to the Internet. But, you know, again, I think that we are getting attention to the issue. We see government funding that's going into this. We see money being put on the ground for this. We see prosecutions happening so that, you know, that this becomes, I mean, ultimately this has to become more of a high risk crime, lower reward, right, for this. And so, and we are seeing, you know, legislation that makes this more of a serious crime and prosecutions that treat this seriously. And so I think there are definitely a lot of this thing all. Good. Happy to hear that. So what's your website that we could look at? And also, how can we get to be part of your funding sources? Yeah, that's a great question. So our website is www.isaw.org, and if you visit our website, you can see all of the different projects and programs that we work on. You can sign up for our listserv there if you're interested in hearing more about our advocacy actions and also how to support us via donation. Thank you. Danielle Kessler, the U.S. Director of the International Fund for Animal Welfare. I admire your work. Thank you very much for joining us today. Thank you so much, Jair. I enjoyed it.


In this video, we're going to go through the top four penny stocks that I think are set to do really really well We'll go through these stocks I've also got a little thought at the end of the video that I think will be very useful and very valuable and also an Interesting snooze as well and what I've got here. We'll go through that. We'll go through the research I've got for you today and just a top list of what I think you should keep on your radar We'll get right into it just to respect your time. Okay, so we'll get right into the information I'm gonna say I'm not a financial advisor. I'm a business teacher in my daily life But I'm by no means an expert on the stock market and I'll get right into the information if you appreciate that approach Then do like the video. So let's go into it. The first one that we've got here is a galaxy. Okay? Take a symbol g a x y this is galaxy next generation We've talked about this a lot But the reason why I want to talk about it at this point is because it's had a really good dip Which is really presented a really good buying opportunity. I think at the current price and even a little bit Higher than its current price. Okay, so I think that this is a really good buying opportunity for this stop Now, what do they do? So they provide technology to the classroom of today for the generation of tomorrow So they're involved in the education ed tech sector But you know, they've got a range of products in this area and I think that it's got a really good stock Movement that it's going to come from this stock. There's going to be a huge movement in this stock in terms of an increase Okay, I think it's one of these stocks that you'd have to be a bit patient with but it's got room to move up It's got revenue. It's just cleared its debt. It's just building upon its revenue and contracts It's recently got another contract. So this stock's going to be really well in the midterm And what is it sat out now? So Gatsy sat at zero point zero two one So it's had a bit of a dip you can see here actually popped it towards zero point three zero above that And now it's had a bit of a dip towards this zero point zero two one level and I think and after hours It's gone up a little bit, but I think at this price It's really a good price to start getting into this stock I think it's got a potential to really move up in the mid to long term I think this stock will tend to 20x and I do really believe that I think it's got the good business Fundamentals behind it. It's got a good product line. It's got an interesting management that are getting this product out there There are there's a lot of good stuff about this stock. So consider this one get it on your radar start a position This one's going to do in my opinion really well The next one I've got for you is rewalk robotics. This is RWLK now Who are they so they create basically solutions for people who have suffered injury or a Stroke or anything things like that and they create robotic solutions that helps you get them back to where they want to Do and what what what they do here? So you've got the Description so rewalk robotics is an innovative medical device company that designs develops and commercializes powered solutions which provide gate training and mobility for individuals with lower limb Disabilities it's very interesting stock I think it's got a lot of potential to move up. It's in the robotics industry an emerging area It's a product with the souls in need They've already developed the products now. They're just trying to commercialize it To build up that commercialization and I made a video on it yesterday. It's at one point eight three And it's already a pre-market for four point nine percent to one point nine two I would start a position in this stock I think it's got a lot of medium to long-term potential probably medium term So run up and I've got no problem in saying that I think that this will reach three four five dollars very easily Okay, so this is one of these stocks. I think it's going to move up quite well I've got to say also. Thank you to all the support on the channel for people Subscribing and liking the videos it really supports the channel out helps it get up into that YouTube algorithm So please do continue to like the video so we can get into the search results So everybody who's doing that and supporting the channel. That's fantastic I appreciate you doing that and if you're new to the channel, please subscribe and like the video And we talk about stocks penny stocks a range of stocks and we go into this information here in this video Okay, so thank you for all the support here. Let's get right back into the And if you appreciate the direct approach of just no going on no waffle no What was it? That's a British saying maybe well no waffle. It's that should mean the dessert, right? It's a no talking rubbish, right? You know, we get right into the information That's what we do on this channel. If you like the sound of that like the video, right? Okay, cloud commerce moving on cloud commerce. So what's the ticker symbol? It's CLWD This stock has run up massively. I covered it a few days ago Well three four days ago. It's run up from then as even even serve after that, right? So this is running up and running up and running up and I think it's got a lot of potential I think it was undervalued to be in with that's why the run up. Okay, but also there's another reason for it But this one company very interesting I think it's good to have it on your radar here. It could run up much further I would only put a small position in this stock because of the massive run up It's already had but I think that it's got a lot of potential, right? You want to average in your position on this because how much it's run up So what is it? It's a leading provider of digital advertising solutions our flagship product Swarm analyzes a robust mix of audience data to help business find who to talk to what to say to them and how to market to them Okay, we do this by applying advanced data science behavioral science artificial intelligence and Market research techniques to discover develop and create custom audiences for highly targeted digital marketing campaigns And you've got to think about it. There's a lot of companies that are moving towards more doing Adverts online they're moving to doing social media adverts digital marketing advertisements Moving more towards that area rather than just advertising on TV More and more money is going into digital advertising And this is a great opportunity because this increases the total addressable market that CLWD can actually Emphasize on and capture and nobody's talking about that. Okay But also interestingly enough, this is an interesting point. They're looking at getting involved in As a leading provider of digital advertising they've announced plans to launch an artificial intelligence venture Which will focus on AI to enhance its successful swarm solution? What this means is it could result in cost reduction of up to 50% So if they're able to reduce the marketing costs by a good amount That sees it as a very attractive unique selling point and this artificial intelligence area is very interesting very exciting It would be nice if we can get some more information about that because that is big Okay, that is really big you think about marketing spending companies people are spending an absolute fortune on marketing, right? They can get those costs down while still having the same desired effect. That is big Really big. So look into cloud commerce CLWD as you can see this one's run up a lot Okay So what you want to do is average in your position for this one because it could have a slight dip because it's run up So much but it does have potential as a company But what I'd say is average in the position for this one. You've got to be really wary for this one Okay The next one we've got is bus X F So this is in terms of a EV bus company. It's called the Grand Air West Transportation, okay, and they stick a symbol that will go into so here. It's a it's an EV bus company It's a penny stock to create in transportation solutions using electric vehicles and that sort of area So you got bus X F. Okay, Grand Air West Transportation now. This is the information about them. So it designs engineers Manufacturers and sells vicinity branded mid-sized transit vehicles for public and commercial Enterprises, okay, so it's involved in the electric vehicle sector. It's creating electric buses. It's a penny stock I think that this stocks got the potential to move up quite fast. So for this it's sat $2 82 I think that this is got a lot of potential to move up very fast I think that this could double or triple its current price point So I do think it's going to move up quite fast So I would start to establish your position in this company in Route for the run-up on this stock. I think it's going to move up quite fast quite considerably So I would start to build the position even at this level I'm not sure if we're gonna see the $1 sort of $1.50 levels again I think that this is just going to continuously move up gradually It may have a slight dip towards Difficult sort of low twos right slow $2 But I think it's really good to really kind of establish a position on this because I do think it's more likely to run up Than anything for this particular stock in my opinion. It does seem like it's got a lot of information and a lot of Potential is in the EV sector. It's making specifically EV buses That and commercial vehicles and transportation vehicles is a good sector It's a profitable sector EV sectors growing. So start to look at this one for your position Now this is a very interesting one. This isn't a Penny stock, but this is a SPAC. Okay, it's Churchill Capital Corp IV and it's Lucid Motors The ticket symbol is CC IV. So there's another electric vehicle company not as well known But it's starting to gain that momentum and being quite known and I think that this is an incredibly interesting Electric vehicle company why because they tend to create vehicles that are more of a luxury Basis so they're focusing in the electric vehicle sector But rather than just doing all types of vehicles low-end high-end and and all everything in between They're really kind of focused on creating really quality luxury Vehicles and they're called Lucid Motors and as you can see here 480 horsepower starting at 69,900 USD and a projected range of 406 miles Okay, so this is a and you can see by the vehicle it looks clean the design of these Lucid Motors vehicles are really really good So certainly looking to CC IV establish a position on this because I think this is going to be a big one It's going to be the real big one and it's 16 dollars 72. It's up on pre-market 18 dollars 51 Again averaging your position start to build a position in this. It may dip a little bit average That's why it's important as we always say average in your position Incrementally, but this is one that could be off to the races. This could run up. Okay a considerable amount Okay, honestly, this looks like a really really good company from what I can see so far Okay, now on to my stock for the day as we know for some of the videos I do like to do a stock for the day and what I say it what I want to say is industry research Okay, because you can research on the stock you can research on their investor relations on that particular stock, right? But what I think it's important to do is that every stock is in a specific industry And what you want to do is some overall research in that industry So for example the electric vehicle industry do some overall research in that area or Areas in industries that you're involved invested in with multiple stocks, right? so look at industry research build that research up and You know something that obviously I would say as a teacher, right? But industry research is important because it'll help inform you in making the right decisions because you want to go with the Winners in that industry you want to go with the stocks that are going to be doing really well in those industries and the way You do that is by understanding the research in that particular industry itself So that's what I've got to say to that Thanks for watching the video if you are new to the channel Please subscribe to the channel and also like the video if you found any of this information Somewhat useful do like the video help it get it up into that YouTube algorithm get it right up in there to the search results That'd be fantastic, and I'll see everybody in the next video