What's the word, y'all? Did Lottie Walker just put the Golden State Warriors away? I'm gonna say no, not yet. I'm not gonna completely write off Steph Curry until it's actually, actually over. But being down 3-1, as we know throughout history, for most of the time, it's a death sentence. Now, we have seen Steph Curry drink my green and clay times come back from down 3-1 before, so I'm not writing them off completely, but it don't look good. It don't look good.  But Lottie Walker, over the last two games, had been a revelation. So after the first two games, me and the guys were talking about Darwin Ham and his rotations and his approach to the playoff rotations. For the most part, through the first two games, he kept it very close to the chest, and the Lakers offense was very stagnant. There wasn't a lot of people out there that Steve Curtin, the Warriors, trusted. They let LeBron shoot as many jump shots as he won.  They didn't have a lot of people on the court that the Warriors respected. And I was asking for Darwin Ham to kind of divvy that up, is to allow Malik Beasley to play a little bit. He's one of the higher-valued 3-point shooters, and hell, you traded for him for his 3-point ability. But instead of it being Malik Beasley, it's been Lonnie Walker. And it hasn't necessarily been a 3-point shooting, but in general, it's been Lonnie Walker giving the booths offensively something that Steve Curtin company haven't really prepared for. And in this game, the fourth quarter wasn't about LeBron, it wasn't about Anthony Davis. They came into this game on this fourth quarter, I think down by seven points. And instead of it being a dominant performance from one of the top 75 players of all time that on the Lakers, it was Lonnie Walker who was getting the isolation possessions that was getting a bulk of the jump shots instead of Bron and AD. And he might have done it against 3-1, and the series is not over, but 3-1 is tough to come back from. Especially when you consider that the Lakers have been very dominant at home this season, or I guess in the post-season. If I'm not mistaken, I don't think they've lost the home game just yet. And again, the Warriors have struggled to perform at home. I know in the playoffs, it has been relatively decent. They went into Sacramento, I went to on the road, but the Lakers are just playing a little bit better. And earlier in this game, I was given a lot of credit to Steve Kerr because I thought his coaching was great.  And I was very intrigued by like, okay, what did they see over the last couple minutes of the last game that made them think that Gary Payton was the choice?  Absolutely not. They brought Gary Payton into every single action, which means that Anthony Davis was brought into every single action. And early in this game, the Warriors were getting into the basket at will. Steph Kerr was getting downhill. And if it wasn't him finishing at the rim, he's dissing off to somebody else who might have dissed off to somebody else. And boom, they was getting bucket after bucket and I don't know how many points in the paint they had in the first half, but I guarantee you it was way more in the first half than the second half because once the second half came around, we didn't see a lot of that. And I was so very excited to see what Darwin Ham was gonna talk to his team about and see what type of different things he was going to do in order to counteract that because all first half, it was Steph Curry putting Gary Payton in the action or somebody else putting Gary Payton in the action and making Anthony Davis come up to the point of attack. So now the pain is completely over because it's over the last couple of months, Anthony Davis has been the most dominant defensive player in ball and a lot of that is in that paint. And then you saw in that first half, they got him away from that and they was just getting bucket after bucket. And I'm like, Darwin, what are you gonna do? What adjustments will you make? He didn't even need to make adjustments, y'all. At least he didn't have to make a lot of adjustments come fourth quarter because they went away from Earl and Doug quarter, they did do it a little bit. And Steph Curry was having a ridiculous third quarter. It wasn't even about him scoring the ball. He was dishing it off and he ended up with a triple double, which is dope for Steph Curry. But I think he would trade that triple double for a win. But they did it a little bit in the third, but in the fourth quarter, it was pretty much gone until like one of the last possessors in the last three minutes. And you're like, what is happening? Your team came into this quarter with a seven point lead and the thing that was working over and over and over was gone. Even Stan, was it Stan or Jeff? One of the Van Gundy's was talking about in the broadcast like, where did it go? And then the few times they did use it in the fourth quarter and then in the basket. So I don't know how you go away from it completely. The Lakers also decided that like, we allow Wiggins to shoot. It all started last season. We're just gonna allow him to shoot. And he missed a ton of shots today that was completely wide open. And it was a good game plan. Because would you rather leave him or would you rather leave Clay? And Clay got a lot of shots up today. A lot of them didn't fall, but I would again take my chances with Wiggs versus Clay. Speaking of that, late in this game, Clay took two heavily contested three point shots that like, I can't get behind. I know he's Clay Thompson and he's definitely made those shots before in his career. But given the atmosphere of the Lakers and they were in the middle of a really good run for Clay Thompson to just come down court in the first shot attempt he saw taken and then brick it is rough.  But like, there was one on the top left wing and then one in the corner where he just missed. And he got one very good look when Lonnie Walker who had done again, we talked about Lonnie Walker offensively because he was really solid. Lonnie Walker and his denial on Clay Thompson for the majority of the fourth quarter was he lead as well. But there was one hiccup, I don't remember if it was on an offensive rebound or whatever where Lonnie Walker had to make a split decision. So do I guard Wiggins or do I guard Clay? And he made one step towards Wiggs and Clay ended up with the ball and Clay made the shot. But for the most part after that, it was denial, deny, denial and then heavily contested Clay, heavily contested Clay. But the stops when Anthony Davis had to sit in that shelf 101 with Steph Curry for back to back possessives because they couldn't get that rebound. That's what that is the moment you ask for, for Anthony Davis. Where like all game long, I wouldn't say the word roasted but they made him make decisions that he didn't want to make for the majority of the game. But in that moment of time, it was him versus Steph Curry and he got the stops twice. And that's why I was just watching the posted because I'm recording this right after LeBron did his little interview when he said that Anthony Davis is the best offensive player in ball and this is one of the reasons why. I did also really love the embrace that Lottie Walker got after the game. There was like, this was the game of his career. No offense or buts about it. And now you're up three games to one and you gotta go to chase. Something tells me based on what the last series did with the Lakers versus the Grizzlies that the next game is gonna be a very heavy coast game for LeBron. Or maybe he don't take that approach because it's the Warriors and you respect them. Maybe a little bit more than you respect the Memphis Grizzlies. But there's still a world where Steph Curry and come to get their 3-1 comeback revenge. You know what I'm saying? In this series is after what happened. So again, it's not over with but boy is it's gonna be rough to win not just game five but also go back into staples. Yeah, staples. And then when that game then go back like 3-1 comebacks. Again, we've seen them done before. I guess, okay, see what this core but the exterior parts aren't the same where you're asking for somebody to step up to help Steph Curry who was having a mech.  Who's gonna be the one to step up? It was Gary Payton again in that first half but they went away from him. It's gonna be rough. A super fun game nonetheless. We got a really good game one that was the Jordan Poole shot in the game two and game three blowouts both ways. And what I realized about myself and something I didn't know, I'm so used in the last couple of years to kind of enjoying the playoffs by myself, you know, I'm usually here and oh man, that sounds terrible but like I usually do myself. That's why I'm like the most attentive. Saturday was my boy's Mike's birthday. He's a Lakers fan. We went over to his crib to watch the last game on Saturday and I don't remember anything about it. And that don't mean that I wasn't drunk or not. You know what I'm saying? But like because I was socializing and stuff I don't remember much about it. So I need for these games to be alone so I can dissect and get content for y'all. Anyway, that wasn't the only team to go up 3-1. The heat, the heat did it again. I just cannot believe this team was one game away. And this video was definitely gonna be more geared towards the heat depending on how this game ended because I know we've talked about this before. It's becoming more of a reality more and more every single season where like the regular season is basically just for the Super Die Hard fans that just want something to do every single night which is watch the game of all but it doesn't matter as much as we try to make it. We're like right now, again, the Warriors are down. The Warriors were at 60, and now the Western Conference is different this season in a lot of seasons, but the Warriors were at 60, they beat the three and now the Lakers who are a playing team, a seventh seed are one game away from being in the Conference Finals. Another playing team out East is one game away from being in the Conference Finals. And you look at them like, okay, why did the Bucks play so well in the regular season? Why did the Knicks go in that big run in the regular season just for them to be in a situation to be down 3-1? With the mind of he, Hart and Hussle has prevailed again. Like he cultured something that's mean a lot, but when it's rocking it's rocking and right now it is. And last series we saw Mitchell Robinson, Julius Randu, Ihar, all of these dudes dominate the Cavaliers on the glass. And that was one of the main reasons why they got down with that series so easily. I mean, I'm not even mentioning Josh Hart as well. They got down with that season so easily because they got so many extra possessions and given up offensive rebounds is the moralized editing that's doing it. And in this series, they have a few games where they won the rebounded battle, but in this game specifically, ew, it was nasty, bro. It was nasty where like the effort was non-existent. And this is a series where I think that a lot of people did look at the Knicks at being the favorite mostly because they showed that their depth was one thing that they can rely on in that first round and because the Hart and Hussle from the Knicks were a thing and right now it's gone. And I just got the notification that Julius Randu was saying maybe they wanted more than us? Um, that's a rough quote from your all NBA, all-star caliber player going into a game where it's win or go home. So I can't say exactly what the next game is gonna look like, but the heat have their number right now. And then we got the BAM offensive game. And if BAM has given you 20, how much was it, 23 points? Oh, it's gonna be rough because again, BAM hasn't been able to do this much in this post-season run. But if he's giving you this and Jimmy's giving you his production and you also could get Kyle Lowry who was getting turning back the clocks and then get a random, you're gonna get a Duncan Robinson shooting four for five from three game. He ain't shot at will, he's one for seven a night. It's gonna happen. It's gonna happen. So tomorrow is a big day because we got the other two series are tied to two. And yeah, going up three two is pretty solid. And we're going back to Denver, who's been amazing at home. And then we're going back to Boston and we'll see exactly what happens, man. Leave a like, subscribe. Let me know what you think about these series so far. Yeah, whatever.


Okay, so today's workshop we're going to or you're going to set up and use your own server Okay Build your own server not bring your own. You didn't have to bring one. I've provided you a server You're going to build it. Well build it build it in terms of really just Set up some initial configuration and install some software and use it So let's say before we do that. Let's Explain what we mean by a server and a few other things We're going to we're going to use what's called a virtual private server So what's a virtual private server? Well first? What is a server? Who has a server of their own? What is it? What's the server? well To we often interpret a server is being in two different ways. Sometimes we think of it as hardware you go For your company you go buy a server to host a website you go buy a server to do some specific task So that's the hardware Well, what is it? It's a computer where the main purpose of that computer is to run server software So we also think of servers as software The software running on that hardware, so I go buy a server the hardware and On that server hardware I install some server software Okay, so it's a little bit confusing there server software Well in a simple term applications that respond or communicate with other Applications across the internet at least from our perspective So your web browser communicates with for example the Apache web server just a piece of software that runs on a computer a web server You may have it the Microsoft exchange email server running in your company and All your users have clients that get their email from that server So server from the software perspective So a server Some of you may have heard about web hosting or shared hosting. You want to create your own website Well, what do you need you need a computer? the server hardware and The server software Apache web server is one common web server software So if you want to have your own website, you either need a computer with internet access and install the server But many people don't have their own dedicated computer That can have full-time internet access. So many people go via a company which Provides a service of web hosting you go pay a company $2 a month and they'll provide you some space to host your website and Web hosting normally is one computer shared amongst multiple users what that company does they have a computer or many computers and Many users get accounts on One of those computers So it's called shared hosting in some cases These computers in front of you Many users can use the one computer to host a website So the resources of that computer are shared amongst multiple computers The resources of the computer are shared against multiple users There's usually one computer which has one operating system running one web server like the Apache web server software But many websites hosted on that computer That's shared web hosting. We're not going to do that We can but we're not going to today. What we're going to do is set up and use a virtual private server So the idea is that we have our own server hardware Yeah, our own it's private. It's only us using that but rather than having an actual own computer It's virtual In that we use virtual machines to implement that that is the idea is that each of you Will have your own server server hardware, but virtual hardware not real hardware that's the idea of Course that virtual hardware is running on real hardware and the resources are shared amongst different virtual machines So that's the concept that we want to give everyone here a server hardware server and To make it cheaper. We use a virtual hardware server virtual private server and today We will give you access to that and then we'll go through some steps to install and set up some software on that Hardware server. Okay, so really we're going to focus on how to set up the server software We'll go through this quick so we can get started so Generally we talk about virtual private Servers and providers of such a server so companies sell you vpses There are many different companies across the world when you choose such a VPS provider, there are a number of things that you may consider Right, you need to pay money usually to use it You're using someone else's hardware and they're providing you a service you pay Some money to use that so how much money is one thing to consider when choosing a particular provider How much money to pay per month, which is a common thing, but nowadays you can pay on a shorter time frame per hour That is The ones that we're going to use we can pay per hour, so if we only use it for one day We only pay for that one day not for the full month Which is a little bit more efficient money-wise How much is a VPS cost anyone? about The ones we're going to use are of five dollars per month 160 bar per month There is Maybe there are cheaper ones around Not many, but there are a few there may be even a few free ones and There are many more expensive ones around We'll see why When you choose a provider a company that you use your VPS you consider your cost The virtual server is hosted in on real hardware in usually what's called a data center Some hosting some actual location the location of that the city where it is the country Where it is may have an impact on the performance of your server Okay, so you want to consider the location many companies have servers in multiple locations the server is being accessed by the internet and By you and by others so you want to consider how fast is the network access into that data center How many megabits per second coming in and out? The more the better When you choose a VPS you want to consider what virtualized hardware they offer How many virtual CPUs how much RAM how much disk space do they offer? normal traditional hard disks hard disks spinning platters or solid-state Discs which are much faster How much do they allow you in terms of network bandwidth? You want to consider what operating systems that they provide to you Most will support Linux or BSD based operating systems free ones Some will also support windows But you usually have to pay a little bit extra because there's a license cost involved of using windows and other operating systems Some will come with you just get the operating system installed They just install it for you others will install applications or pre-built images for example, they'll install the operating system plus the web server plus WordPress So you've got an instant website running WordPress, so they'll provide you that service the other things to consider a support like How they respond to your your queries and problems reliability of the the data center Uptime and so on how many other people are using those resources how much contention and other things Today is not about convincing you to use a virtual private server. It's not about selling one Okay, we're gonna use one just to give you some experience and then it's up to you to to choose whether it's of use to you Okay, that's not my point. I'm not trying to convince you that you all need one We're gonna use VPS is provided by a company called digital ocean okay Why they are quite a popular well-known company worldwide provide competitive price for what we want to do So they seem okay. I Haven't used them before this workshop So I set up an account to use them. I've used in in the past or I still use linode another one that provides Linux VPS's So let's go to digital ocean well So digital ocean I've created an account for myself to make it simpler I create an account for myself and then I'm going to set up some servers that each of you have Can access let's look at so I've logged into my account and This is from the digital ocean website. You don't have to be able to read at all. I'll zoom in where necessary Digital ocean it's about water cause their VPS's droplets Okay, so the idea is I have an account If I want to create a VPS I can do so by clicking the create button and Choose some options and it creates a VPS for me and I can create multiple VPS's Of course, I pay extra for each one So I've already created a number of VPS's or droplets as called here for each of you So they're listed here I Think everyone's got one. I'm going to create one for myself right now So I'll create a droplet And you'll see the options that I have when I create it so I Enter a host name which would be the name of my droplet doesn't matter what it is Preferably we wouldn't name it after my name because it's a little bit confusing once we log in but for simplicity in this class I've named it after our names Then I select the size Which is the size of the virtual hardware that they provide me so the first option is I get one CPU 512 megabytes of RAM a 20 gigabyte SSD solar state drive and one terabyte of transfer which is the amount of data that comes into my My server over a period of one month And I never remember in this case whether it's both in and out or it's just one way But one terabyte of network bandwidth over a month If I transfer more than one terabyte then I'll need to pay This costs five dollars a month If you want more RAM Larger disk space more transfer then you move up to ten dollars twenty dollars Thousands of dollars per month towards the bottom Okay, so you can choose based on what you think your requirements are I'm going to choose the cheapest one. It will be sufficient for our purposes And that's what I've done for you This company has data centers in different cities. I'm going to choose one nearby So it's maybe a little bit faster for accessing across the internet. I'm going to choose Singapore and That's what I've done for all of yours as well. I can select an operating system to install Linux based operating systems Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian and others and the version We're just installs the base OS But I can also select from applications Which installs an operating system plus some applications on top of that for me So I don't have to install those applications Wordpress on Ubuntu. Okay, so it installs Ubuntu plus the web server plus wordpress So you've got an instant website Because we're going to set up a website a basic one. We're going to use what's called lamp on Ubuntu. What's lamp mean? Anyone lamp Not the lamp in the projector What's lamp stand for? M for my SQL starter L. What's L stand for? What operating system kernel that we're using? Linux A for Apache web server Which is a common web server M for my SQL database server and P for PHP And maybe some others. That's a common combination Apache web server My SQL as a database server and PHP to join them running on a Linux operating system lamp There's a few options down the bottom Not so important for us today Vert IO default enabled really just speeds up the interface between I think my Virtual machine and the real hardware that's running Private networking allows me to easily connect all of the my droplets all of my VBS is together And sort of us internal network We won't use it. I think IPv6 is the new version of IP If you enable backups, I think you pay more So we'll not do that And I will create the droplet And now on the real hardware they're installing a virtual machine it takes about a minute to install and As it installs it actually sends me an email saying here's the login details for your account for your new VPS Okay, and while it's going it's already sent me an email sorry about that and You should see look at your email now It sent me an email or digital ocean sent me an email saying your new droplet has been created your new VPS has been created It has this IP address The user name to log in is root and the password is this random set of characters Look at your email now Because we'll need that information to log into your VPS and Mine is created. There's some other information I can do with it But let's go direct to using your VPS our tasks today So I've created fresh droplets for everyone who did that Maybe just check that's plugged in down there. I think I found who did that Okay, good. Just be careful that the cables are a bit loose Today you have a fresh droplet Together we'll set it up. So you do it on your own I'll do it on my own, but you'll follow what we do Set it up add a user set up the web server the database server and install some other software that we've seen in other workshops Some privacy software and maybe when we get time at the end just do some different things with a test and play Any questions before we start


Live from San Francisco, it's theCUBE. Covering Red Hat Summit 2016. Brought to you by Red Hat. Now, here are your hosts, Stu Miniman and Brian Gracely. Welcome back, we're here for the final wrap up of day three of three days of coverage at Red Hat Summit 2016. You've been watching SiliconANGLE Media's flagship program, theCUBE. We go out to all the big enterprise shows, help extract the signal from the noise. Brian, it's the 12th year of the show, it's our third year doing theCUBE here. What's your big takeaway so far? Big takeaways for me, growing community, lots of positive energy, the feedback from everybody was they like the balance between Red Hat technology, community technology. We saw a lot of really interesting just projects. Everything from JPL, taking people to the moon, we saw cancer research, we saw a little bit of everything in between, which is inspiring. So there was a bit of technology, a bit of inspiration, a bit of community, pretty interesting balance all week. Yeah, let's start with the company itself. So Red Hat, they've done over $2 billion worth of revenue last year, they think a $12 billion valuation for the company. At their core is Linux. It's REL, Red Hat, Enterprise Linux, it's been the core of what they've been doing for a number of years. And what I like about the strategy is they've got a bunch of things they're adding onto it and most of those, they pull the Linux piece into it, extending the value of Linux, extending open source, good strategy, limited strategy, what's your take? Well, I think it's a little bit of both. I think, obviously we're seeing Linux become more and more prevalent. I mean, we heard the folks from HPE talk about banking applications moving off of mainframes. So the trend is more and more things moving to Linux, whether it's software-defined networking, software-defined storage, but at the same time, we're also seeing more and more applications moving into the public cloud, where they may use other choices for Linux. So I think it's a strong, it's building off of strength. Paul Cormier yesterday talked about, if you want to be in containers, you've got to be a Linux provider. So they're building off their strength, the puck is kind of coming towards them as Dave likes to look at. So I think it's a good strategy. I think it's the strategy they have to have and over time we'll see how some of these additional things pan out in terms of revenue and in terms of reach. Yeah, absolutely. Containers, containers, containers, developers, developers, developers. Brett had talked about a lot about both of those this week. As you said, the Gretzky quote, skating to the puck, most customers, is the messaging a little bit ahead where customers are? Yes, but that's okay. The message though that basically, Linux and containers go together. As you, Brian, look at 12-factor applications, microservices and things like that. Does the Linux matter? Does the operating system matter? Can those two be pulled apart? Is that a potential danger for Red Hat down the road? Yeah, I mean, technology-wise, you don't necessarily have to link your container technology to your OS. I think in reality as you start to look at operation-wise, we heard a number of stories about how do I secure it? How do I do patch management? How am I going to do operations? What's the tooling around that? I think the reality is we hear from customers all day long. I want things to be simpler. I want less friction. The role your own sort of container model is going to struggle just like we've seen. Roll your own convergent infrastructure, roll your own private cloud. I think it gives them a very strong position and we'll see where that goes. But customers want simplicity. They want stuff to just kind of work. Yeah, one of the things that always gets a lot of headlines, it's the cloud wars, it's the container, who's real, who's imitation, who's unbreakable, who's unfakeable. There's a little bit of that at this show, but for the most part, it is a strong ecosystem.  What are some of those undercurrents that you hear? Yeah, this isn't a show that you have a lot of really distinct religious battles. I mean, I guess if any religious battle, it's, you know, we want you to believe in open source. Which, you know, again, it's a trend that's proliferating. You know, there's obviously a little bit of competition that Red Hat acknowledges, they're competing with Docker, they're competing with Pivotal Cloud Foundry, the Cloud Foundry Foundation. They're competing with the web, which is, you know, essentially, or not the web, public cloud, which is competing with all of IT. So, they've got large competitors, to a certain extent, some trends. They've got some tailwinds behind them, but at the same time, they've also got, you know, they're only a $2 billion company versus, you know, a $100 billion Microsoft or a $100 billion Oracle.  I think they're comfortable with who they are, but, you know, they've got challenges as well as opportunities.  You know, give us your assessment. You know, how's OpenShift stacking up? You know, are they making good progress? You know, the thing I've been looking at, and we look at this every time we go to an open source-driven event, is where are the customers? Are customers paying for the technology or is it just proof of concept? I think the thing I heard this week with OpenShift was, we're seeing more customers. We're seeing customers deploying things in production. We had a number of them on here. Are they huge numbers yet? No, not yet. You know, Paz has always lagged behind IaaS to a certain extent. But I think as you look at the OpenShift ecosystem of technology partners, the customers, I think it's growing in strength and I think it's growing in, you know, not just its maturity, but customers feeling comfortable saying I can put applications on those types of platforms. Yeah, so many good guests, Brian.  We have our women in tech a week. There's too many, it's just riches of guests here. The JPL guys, the women in innovation, lots of great customers doing really cool things. What jumped out at you? I think you're right. I mean, we get a chance to do a lot of really good shows and they're like your kids. You don't love one more than the other. But this week was this really interesting mix of inspirational people, like we said, going to space, helping to cure cancer, communicating with doctors. But then we saw people saying, like look, I'm running mission critical applications. I'm running banking applications and transportation applications. There was a lot of sense of reality to this show. There was this mix of reality and inspiration, which, you know, we're joking around, we're here in the heart of Silicon Valley. The TV show Silicon Valley is making fun of certain things. But there was a lot of reality this week and I think in a crazy technology world we work in, that's refreshing. Yeah, it's funny. The community and the participation, you know, is definitely something that it comes through here.   They're not looking to lead it, they're looking to catalyze it. Right, right. Yeah, I think, you know, the thing this whole week has been very interesting. You know, you always look for, you know, sort of check boxes and so forth. You know, if we look at Red Hat, I think portfolio-wise, their portfolio is getting very broad, it covers a lot of areas. The partners that they're working with, you know, like for example, we've been at previous shows, John Furrier and I said this at DockerCon, you know, it wasn't completely clear from a Docker perspective how they want the ecosystem to act. Red Hat is very clear with their ecosystem how they want them to act. They want to meet together upstream, work on open source, and then they're going to bring products to market. So, you know, you got a sense of who they want to be, how they want the ecosystem to interact with them. And, you know, we heard over and over again from customers, whether it was on screen or off, they like that they get a chance to collaborate with each other and with Red Hat. Yeah, and actually just from, you know, our team standpoint, this is the third year we've done this show, it's a great partnership. Anybody that was at the show, we've got, you know, phenomenal location right here in the lobby of Moscone West. People, when I'm walking through the booth area, they're like, oh, the cube's here.  So, you know, it is Red Hat sponsorship that brings us here, but they understand the independence of what we're doing and they are comfortable with what they're doing to allow us to, you know, engage with their customers, engage with their partners and share the stories, the open source stories. You're friendly day working on these, some really cool things where they're creating documentaries that aren't focused on product but about, you know, that broader mission of open source itself. Yeah, it was an inspiring week. We saw a lot of good things come out of here.  This was really about a lot of positive things. I think Lee's team should be commended for that. I think just the overall community, not just Red Hat, but the whole community, wanting to come here, talk about their stories, wanting to share, that's a great thing. Yeah, so as we come to a close, I want to give a big thank shout out to the whole SiliconANGLE media team.  You get a SiliconANGLE.tv, you're going to see a list of all our upcoming shows, as well as the event pages for all these shows. So just as you watch, if you watch this show live from that SiliconANGLE.tv page, the replays are all there. I know the team down in Santa Clara is wrapping up Hadoop Summit. We have a few good shows coming over the summer. I'm going to be at an MIT show. We've got an AWS, you know, regional event, in forums coming on. By the time we get to the end of the summer, there's VMworld and boy, we have a big schedule coming up in the fall. But, you know, so much content and really appreciate everyone that's been watching our program. You know, always feel free to reach out to us. You know, give us your feedback, tell us what shows we should be at, what guests we should have on, any other tips that you have. So once again, thanks so much for watching everything. We're a wrap here from Red Hat Summit 2016. You've been watching theCUBE.


Hi, I'm Venuta Malia. I'm delighted to be the moderator of this evening's session of Talking Red Books. Today, we are talking about this book, Knowledge as Commons, Towards Inclusive Science and Technology. It's not often that you hear of the word inclusive in relation to science and technology. And so, this is a very interesting evening for us to talk about these issues that bring science and technology together and look at it from the social relations and political economy of science and technology. I'd like to begin by introducing Robir, the author of the book, Robir Purya Purkayastha. He is an engineer and a science activist in the power, telecom and software sectors. He's a founding member of the Delhi Science Forum. He's co-author, along with Vijay Prashant of Enron Blowout, Corporate Capitalism and Theft of the Global Commons. And along with Nayan Koshy and P.K. Bhadrakumar of Uncle Sam's Nuclear Cabin. He's co-editor with Indranil Vichachintan of Political Journeys in Health, Essays by and for Amit Sen Gupta. He's the editor of newsclick.com. Welcome, Robir. I'd also like to introduce our panelists today who will be speaking about the book. We have with us Professor Ram Ramaswamy, who was at the School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University from 1986 to 2018. From 2001 to 2018, he also held a concurrent position in the School of Computational and Integrative Sciences at JNU. From mid-2011 to early-2015, he was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Hyderabad, also known as Hyderabad Central University. He retired from JNU at the end of October 2018 and is currently a visiting professor in the Department of Chemistry at IIT Delhi. We also have with us Professor Fred Madoff. He is an emeritus professor of plant and soil science at the University of Vermont. He's an activist and a Marxist analyst. His areas of interest include agriculture and food, environment, and the U.S. economy. He's the author and editor of numerous books, including Creating an Ecological Society with Chris Williams and What Every Environmentalist Needs to Know About Capitalism with John Bellamy Foster, both published by Monthly Review Press. Then we have Dr. Satyajit Rath. He's an eminent immunologist who is currently Professor Emeritus at Indian Institute of Science Education Research in Pune. He trained as a physician and a pathologist and has worked on mechanisms involved in the development and functioning of the human system. He was a member of the Faculty at the National Institute of Immunology in New Delhi before his retirement. His current research is focused on the generation and activation of TB and antigen-presenting cells of myeloid lineage. So, I'd like to begin by inviting Dr. Rath to talk about the relationship between science and technology and some of the themes that this book covers. Ruby points out that we're talking about artifacts as the focus of the idea of technology. And it struck me reading through Ruby's extended disquisitions on what artifacts mean and how they shape the directions of technology development and implementation. That, in the word itself, very semantically, there is art and there is fact. And it's almost as though we're talking about art made fact. And an artifact is made to perform to order in a very predictive and predictable sense. You want the success of a technological artifact is that it reliably does what is expected of it when it is expected of it. And that's a remarkably interesting way for me to think about technology. It provides me with a remarkably curious insight on the processes of science itself that Ruby doesn't comment on and yet gives me this to think about. And that is the following. Ruby talks about his unhappiness, which I share, that technology is referred to as applied science. And he points out a little gladiatorily that one can easily think about science as applied technology, which is perfectly correct. But here is an extension of that that he's and his book have gotten me to think about. And that is that in order to achieve the predictability of artifact performance that I just referred to, an artifact will do what is expected of it when it is expected of it. In order to achieve that, Praveer points out at various points in the book that artifacts tend to be sets of interlocking components that function reliably with each other. Here is a fundamental distinction that I think we need to make between empirical knowledge, which is simply observing facts, putting them in a correlative chain and inferring causality from correlation. Post hoc, dergo, proctor hoc. If one thing happens after another, then the first thing causes the second by at large. This is a major fallacy quite frequently that scientists stumble upon pretty much every day. But here's the problem. When you go from empirical knowledge which is what communities and traditional knowledge largely not entirely, but largely consists of, into rigorously conceptualized knowledge, effectively, what that rigorous conceptualization is doing is building a gedankin artifact, a thought artifact of the purkastakind, which has components that fit with each other that steadily enhance the predictive power of the scientific concept. And in this very basic sense for me, and this is very personal beginning, Praveer's book provided a very curious insight on how thinking about technology illuminates for me how to think about my own science. I'd like to now invite Professor Madhav to speak from his experience about the paradigm shifts in technology and the impacts they've had on ecology and on access to especially food. I was a graduate student in the 1960s. I was a professor at the university, mostly the University of Vermont from the 1970s through the mid early 2000s, 2007 is when I retired, but stayed active up until relatively recently in soils and keeping up with the science and what was happening. And basically, professors viewed themselves at the colleges of agriculture as public employees. We were paid mostly by state, that is our individual states and national government or federal funds. And we considered ourselves to be state employees. We kept regular hours when other people at the university would come and go sometimes. We were expected to be there during the regular working hours of the day, which happened to be 8 to 430. And what we developed or what we wrote about, we all considered to be open information because this was government monies that were supplying our salaries. We were doing this on government time, shall we say. It was a university, but still. And so the new varieties were developed and they were out there. New varieties of crops were developed and they were out there for anyone to use. Now, a lot of times private seed companies would pick it up and use it and reproduce the seed and sell it, and that was allowed. But it couldn't be patented. And it couldn't be, it was not privatized in the sense of being able to exert exclusive ownership over it. Now, things changed dramatically in the 1980s. And I wasn't aware of the name of the law, but Prabir talks about it in a number of cases. This was the Baidol Act of 1980 named for two senators in the United States Senate. And there must have been incredible lobbying from industry to make this happen and from universities. But basically a law was passed that allowed universities and faculty who worked for them or anyone who got private, excuse me, got public money from the national government to privatize the results of the research. So you could take your research that you did on government time with government money, you hired a technician, you bought equipment for laboratory, whatever you did with those funds, and you could come up with some new invention and you could patent it and you could get the rights to it and the university could get partial rights to it as well. And so this was really the beginning of the corporatization of the universities in the United States. And it's gone very far after that. And now students are no longer called students many times, they're called customers.  What happened was in this system, you developed a way of approaching agriculture as a reactive way where there's a problem that you see maybe a weed or a pest or low fertility. Okay, we have a way to solve it just by my product, my herbicide or my insecticide or by my fertilizer and we will solve your problems. And what was really needed and what is really needed is an ecological approach where you take a whole system approach and you try to prevent these problems from developing. So like preventive medicine, you try to prevent the problems by keeping a person healthy. Doesn't mean they don't get problems, they don't get sick, but it means they have fewer problems and you're not dealing with each one singly, you're dealing with the human as a whole. And the same thing with agriculture dealing with the agro ecosystem as a whole rather than little tiny parts of that ecosystem and then providing products to deal with the problems that develop in those little parts, you deal with the whole system and you eventually have a healthier system, a healthier soil, healthier plants, fewer pest problems, etc. There's not money to be made in this by capital and so they're not particularly interested in funding this type of research. However, it sometimes does get funded and that's something we can talk about. But open science is something which is on the table now. I'm in correspondence with people in Venezuela and they are trying to institute a system for open science at the time. So this book of Probeers is quite timely. I want to extend that idea that you're ending with and ask Professor Ramswamy to comment about how funding has worked in the science and technology sector in India and whether that has shaped particular ways in which we've approached these two fields. Before I turn to that though, let me congratulate Prabir on this book because for a variety of reasons. For one thing, Prabir has managed to keep a train of thought more or less intact over a almost 50-year period. The earliest essay in this book which is adapted is from 1978 and the most recent one is just from a year or two ago. So there has been a consistency in Prabir's thinking that you can see the development. It makes the book very interesting to read. One major idea that Prabir has explored of course is in the title itself, knowledge itself as a common good. And this is an idea that has a lot of currency in different ways. First of all, it's important that we not support monopolies but also a very simple enunciation of everybody's right to access to knowledge that is produced with everybody's money. Namely, all publicly funded science should be made publicly available to as many people as possible. This is something which is loosely called the access principle and it's been written about most notably by John Willensky many years ago. What we I think are beginning, we are going to have to cope with is how science gets funded in our country. Already we've seen a new education policy, the national education policy of 2020 and there is a complete restructuring of the governance of higher education in our country. Most notably the National Research Foundation or the NRF has been set up very recently and its very structure seems to suggest that knowledge production will in a very practical way be guided by governmental policies and one has to wait to see how it comes through. But even in the structure of the funding, I mean there is an ideological one over here of the funding is going to be essentially three quarters by private industry one way or the other and only a quarter by the government. Now there's a very significant tension between the interests of governments which are to try to do as much as it can for its people and private industry which would like to presumably support quote-unquote profitable research. This is I think one of the major tensions of current time because we do celebrate science, we do in some way or the other whether it is Chandrayaan landing on the moon or whatever, we do actually I think as a nation there is a fundamental belief in whichever way in a complicated way we do believe in science, we realize we are a scientific society but at the same time we coexist uneasily with conflicting approaches to science and to governance and one of the important themes that Praveer has discussed in his book is the way in which science is shaped by the societal needs. DD Kosambi with whose quotation this book starts which of course made me already like the book even without having read more than a page where Kosambi defines science as the cognition of necessity. This tellingly Kosambi's quotation is from a book of his collection of essays known as the exasperating essays. Praveer's collection of essays is not exasperating but they are very thought-provoking and they I would let me just say that you know if I were to call this give it an alternative title I would say inciting essays. Thank you, thank you Professor Amashwamy. I'd like to ask Praveer how he'd respond to the alternative title that you've suggested which is inciting essays. Praveer can we please have you respond to that? I'm going to respond to all three and come to Ram last. How do you make what you postulate a science more predictive and therefore that the how do you actually take out from nature the degree of uncertainty that exists and I think that's a very interesting thought that I never in that had never occurred to me. So I think that that within science therefore to stick to define the boundaries within which that you formulate your laws is I think an interesting thought and calling them as artifacts I think that is even more interesting for me and there was thought of it in this sense. Now it is also true that when we talk about and again I'm going to pick up only one of his other ideas that how do you resolve the contradiction between knowledge as commons and knowledge as a part of self-reliance and therefore of nationalism. I would argue that that's a that is actually not probably the right dichotomy to focus on because if you picture knowledge as commons then if you don't decide to use it for only profit making purposes expand it as national power in the globe then you can think of it as knowledge that is shared amongst countries and therefore allows each to grow and each of them to develop what their interest skills and needs are. Therefore they necessarily are not anti-ports they're not opposites but how do you resolve that tension depends which kind of framing that you adopt whether you adopt the good the larger good of humankind or you say the larger good of my kind and I think that is something that we have to keep in mind that how do you resolve this contradiction hopefully Satyajit can be asked a set of questions and give a set of written answers then we can put it into a next book. I'm going to leave Satyajit here and move on to what Fred discussed and of course the critical issue that he has raised on how enclosures of knowledge ultimately lead to enclosures which are physical who owns the product who owns the crops essentially the seeds who then owns the herbicide and then how instead of promoting a more healthy agriculture you want to promote more herbicides you don't want your seeds to be such that they can continue replicating themselves but you want every year people to buy seeds from your seed company and so on. So here of course is the classical issue public good versus private green and that's the central issue that of course when you talk about knowledge as commons you're also talking about who owns knowledge and should it be society as a whole should it be individuals and we know individuals really need individual companies. Ram has raised of course a lot of issues again he's also paid me I think much more compliment than I deserve thank him for that education itself becoming commodity is clearly an issue but here much more narrowly focusing on that if research is going to be driven by companies what happens three fourth private and as you know the three fourth private is notional but it will be a significant of public investment in different forms will go into it as well though it will be called one fourth the reality is that who drives the agenda and who gets to use the products of that now here is the technical issue which is can be narrowly focused which is that earlier there was an attempt in India to reproduce the Baidu Act at that time there was enough political support for that science and technology which is coming out of public domain universities public domain institutions should not be privatized but now that this kind of new education policies being formulated where they are going to shell out supposedly the three fourths of the money and the government one fourth of the money then it means giving putting them in the driver's seat and that is going to then lead to all the problems that Fred had talked about which has taken place which has taken place in the US universities and also now across the globe and I think that is an arena of struggle that means knowledge as commons remains for the university system for the colleges for the science institution the research laboratories an arena of struggle where we have to see how to expand the commons rather than let it shrink so with this I'm going to close my contributions to what I had to respond to though it has not been a full response because that would have taken a lot more time and of course I think that a lot of this was very complementary but I'm sure that I will hear from at least some of them what they really feel about the book thank you very much Linuta Leftward for publishing the book and letting it go to the market and to my


Thank you for taking this course on the new context API in React version 16.3 and higher. We covered all of the ergonomics and anatomy of using context, how to create it, consume it, and provide it. Additionally, we learned which values can be put on context, how to cascade context, stack context, and modularize it. In future courses, we'll talk about advanced patterns for using context, but for now, just have fun, explore, and see what you're able to learn on your own.


Safety is a fundamental civil right and sexual assault is a clear violation of that fundamental civil right. I have directed my administration to address this problem over the course of the next year and beyond. Since January, over 400 people, over 800 people... Over 1500 people have taken the pledge and signed on to the campaign. It's no secret that sexual assault is a serious problem in our schools and universities. It's so difficult to talk about sexual assault, so we don't. We just sweep it under the rug and it's important to call it by its name and describe what it is. The question is not, what was the victim doing? What was the victim wearing? Why was the victim even there? The question has to be, what can we do to stop it? What can I do to prevent it? It is on all of us.  Everybody, everybody, everybody has an obligation to speak out. It's on you. It's on me. It's on all of us. It's about us as a Commonwealth saying that this act is entirely unacceptable to the way of life that we envision for ourselves and for everyone else in our community. I am determined to make Pennsylvania a shining example to the rest of the world as to what a committed citizenry can do to make our world better.


Okay, and I think with that we are live. Let me give it just a second. Get the attendees moved into this introductory session. I believe we are on the air. Hello, welcome everyone to the to the first conference kickoff for the digital studies of digital science meeting DS squared 2021 I am one of the two co organizers of the conference if you don't know me. I'm Charles Pence assistant professor here at the University Catholic to live in the Valley of Belgium. So I'm I've been on questions around digital humanities and sciences for for a number of years now so let's see let me start by going ahead and introducing my my fellow co organizer Luca Revelli so Luca do you want to want to introduce yourself say a little say a little something. Luca, Luca is not hearing me I guess. Okay, hang on. That's odd. Let me let me let me we'll come back to that in a second. Let me let me send a message. So, okay, sorry. Little technical hiccups will get these ironed out. So, oh yes Luca, can you hear me now. Yes, yes, go ahead and introduce yourself. Thanks for being here. I'm a postdoc working with Charles Pence here or they're probably in because I'm in Italy now that I'm really happy to start this conference with him. I'm really looking forward for great things to hear from all the speakers. So please, let's go with the conference in a moment. All right. Oh, hang on. Luca cut your okay Luca's on mute is there still in is there still an echo I'm actually not hearing any echo on my side that's very strange if so. My apologies you'll also note that I'm on I'm on tape delay. So my apologies if there is if there's some technical trouble do do let me know ASAP and we'll we'll see about we'll see about getting that sorted out okay it looks like it might have been okay it's just just somebody local cool all right. So, thank you for being here let me let me say a little bit about the meeting and then a little bit about the technical aspects of running conference here on Crowdcast, just so that you have an idea of how this will work. Thanks a lot. This meeting was something of a gamble, I think, when so this this comes at the end of a three year project that I've been running here at at the van la neuve with the gracious funding let me let me thank I think more than once our funding provider, the FNA rest is for national research scientific the Belgian, the Wallonian research financing organization who's who's underwriting our virtual meeting today these platforms, these platforms aren't free, but thanks thanks very much to them for that. This has been a three year project on the digital history and philosophy of biology and I promised them a conference at the end without really thinking what that would look like I wasn't really sure what we wanted to do. But that said, as I as I got closer to the end of this I started to realize that I feel like there are multiple communities around to connected changes in the way that we've started to study the sciences on the one hand, changes that have been made in the process of doing science itself by the advent of digital methods and big data. And on the other hand changes in the way that we as people who study science I'm a philosopher and historian of science but as well a number of disciplines I'll come back to that in a second has started to study the products of science the processes of science at the meta level, they've also been changing as a result of digital approaches, digital methods and the application of those in. Now now on our side of the table, if you will. So I think, I think what's the gamble that I that I that I tried to make that I've hoped to pay off for this meeting is is two fold on the one hand, this idea that all of us need to be talking to a computer so not just people who are doing big data type science but then all the different disciplines that are studying big data type science and studying it with digital tools and so this is philosophers and historians of science. This is sociologists of science, this is corpus linguist computational linguist scientifics bibliometrics. There's a there's a whole host as well as the classical digital humanities as a whole host of fields that I think could really profitably be put into dialogue and I haven't found a time for us to all sit around in the same place and talk to each other. So I figured I could make a time for us to all sit around in the same place and talk to each other. That was, that was sort of half the gamble the other half of the gamble is, I think there's a great chance to sort of stretch in terms of area. So what you find when you look at at the conference program here that there are areas of the sciences and arts, just about as disparate as you can imagine so math there's there's mathematics. There's life science there's physical science, there's pure arts we've got a poetry talk coming up on Thursday, and I think that that's another way to kind of expand the way that we think about what we're doing when we engage in this kind of work and stopping this will pay off. We will see. I don't. This is the first time that a meeting like this has been run that I'm aware of and so we'll see we'll have to see how it how it goes over the next four days. Let me talk a little bit about technical stuff. So the furniture of of crowdcast here on your screen. There's two things. So for you as an attendee there's basically two things. On the one hand, there's the chat over here on the right which I see is already kicking off this is awesome. This is a sort of live, you know, latest message posted shown it's it's not threaded it's not complicated it's just a live chat and this is something really for you as the attendees you know there's a nice. It's hard to rebuild some of the kind of conviviality and networking that can be available when we, when we talk together at a proper conference but I think one way to do that is yeah, this is a sort of open forum, you know, feel free to run to run your discussions during the talks. Don't however ask questions to the speaker there so there's a lovely system in crowdcast you'll see it down there at the bottom just to the left of your chat box a button labeled ask a question. And the ask a question button here pops up your opportunity to ask a question or suggest a topic if you click that you will be able to post a question. You'll be able to see the questions that other people have already asked and you can vote for questions that you'd like the speaker to answer. You can also comment on a question so if you for example think someone should clarify their their remarks or something. Feel free that that you can you can comment on a question that someone has posed to. I wanted to ask for clarification or something like that so that's how we're going to handle the Q&A session after every talk. You guys can feel free to post in the in that Q&A section in for questions that you have for the speakers and I'll be the emcee for actually every talk. So that's a small conference I can I can do that. So I'm going to sit with those Q&As and relay them back to the speaker so that you guys can get answers to your questions. Also let me just say again I'm on a tape delay so you'll take you guys a while to see this but I'm actually super excited I love seeing how how geographically spread everyone is well we got to be enough we have Mars reporting in good. So thanks thanks very much to everyone is I think it's it's a really great opportunity for us to get to be in dialogue with people that we might not normally get to see it at local conferences when when travel and expenses is a bigger problem if this is at least one of the real advantages that I think we can take from the pandemic. Oh, without further ado, let me see. Ah, yes. There are no official Twitter ambassadors yet but you are welcome to be one we do not have anyone who is officially designated to live tweet the meeting. So that is that's a that's that's a perfectly awesome thing I would love to I would love to see more folks who are interested in spreading the word on social media. We have a we have a hashtag let me it's again with the tape delay this is going to be weird but I'm putting the hashtag in the chat now so by the time you hear this hashtag will already be in the chat. There's our hashtag for social media so please do feel very free to post. Also, almost all not quite all the presenters wanted to do this but almost all of the talks will be posted on YouTube and I'm going to do my best to do that the day after so tomorrow. Tomorrow morning, European time before the conference starts. I'm hoping to spend my morning uploading all the talks on to on to the YouTube channel for our center suffice so you'll find a link to that from the conference page. One more thing that is technically important so the one event for this conference that's not taking place here on crowdcast tomorrow evening will have a live tour through the places and spaces exhibit. This is a mapping science project from the lab of our first keynote speaker Katie Warner who'll be who'll be joining us in just a second the first talk of the conference. The groups places in spaces exhibit is going to give us a little tour that'll be on zoom. So I encourage you if you're interested in that that will be at the end of the day Europe time so mid afternoon American time tomorrow. If you're interested in joining us for that. Go ahead and get your zoom client installed and updated if you haven't already I know I know most of us probably have. I'm not going to share the link to that zoom yet it's about the only thing I can know of to do to prevent zoom bombing right at like an hour before that session starts. That zoom link in the chat a few times here on crowdcast and I'll place it on the website for the conference which you've probably seen if you haven't seen it yet you can click full conference program down there at the bottom center of your screen and that will take you to the full program. That zoom link will be there right before that event starts so you can come come join us in zoom. But not only do we get a cool. Virtual tour of their exhibit they're going to have a couple of people from that project there to show us around to give you a link to click through their website and check out the various the various projects that they've been involved in. But I'm hoping to kind of open it up into a little social hour. We can go out into some breakout rooms and and hopefully have a chance to chat with each other in a bit more of a kind of relaxed and unstructured way you can grab a time zone appropriate beverage depending on where you where you are in the world and and hopefully meet some other people here at the meeting and discover a little bit more about what we all what we all have in common that I think is really really my goal, really my goal in running this conference. So, with that, let me let me see if there's any I don't see any other questions coming in yet. The first speaker will be on in about 15 minutes I wasn't sure how long this introduction would take so I wanted to give and I wanted to give people the enough time to be able to connect and be ready etc etc so we'll have a little bit of a break here and now about a 15 minute break I'll go handle the the technical support for getting our next speaker on onto the platform if there aren't any further questions I'll I'll I'll mill about for 10 or 15 seconds here just to be sure. Okay, in that case, I think I will go ahead and call it so. Thanks very much again really excited to see everybody here I never in a million years would have expected we would have 173 people registered for this meeting that is extremely cool I am absolutely over the moon about it. I will see you all back here in about 15 minutes you'll be automatically pulled into pulled into the next session so just hang out there in your in your browser window and when when we when we're ready to go live for the next meeting you'll automatically the next talk you'll automatically be be transferred to the appropriate room so with that. Thanks very much. Alright, cheers.


Spin crossover compounds are molecules that can switch between two different magnetic states when exposed to certain conditions. These conditions include temperature, pressure, and light. When these conditions are met, the molecule changes from one magnetic state to another, resulting in a change in its physical properties. This phenomenon has been studied for over 80 years and is now being used in various applications such as thermal and pressure sensors, optical devices, and more. This article was authored by Philip Gutlidge, Anabee Gasper, and Young Garcia.


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