Hello, everybody, and welcome to another hobby-cheating video, and today we're going to paint some new-ish skeletons, and we're going to use some noosh. It's speed-painting skeletons. It's going to be fun. Let's get into it. The strict techno-mancer that is Vinci Vee. Let us get into the technique and learn it Vinci Vee's done. Long time viewers of the channel will know that I have a very large Tomb Kings army. In fact, I spent years back during Warhammer Fantasy painting up just immense amounts of Tomb Kings. I think I had something like 13,000 points when Warhammer Fantasy came to a close. I loved everything about them. I had bought Tomb Kings initially when they came out in 2004, so I have lots of skeletons and archers. I have a ton of sphinxes, more Ushabti than maybe anybody. I don't know. I have a lot. When this box, oh boy, that thing, it's heavy, arrived at my door, I was pretty excited. Ironically, the one thing I don't have a ton of is regular skeleton warriors. I was always more fascinated by the big snakes, the chariots, everything like that. I have more than 20 chariots, more than 20 Ushabti, all these kinds of things. I thought this would be a good chance with this new box full of the same old models that I had to do some more experimentation with the skeletons. Today, we're going to speed-paint up some skeletons. We're going to try to make them look nice. The goal is to get 20 skeletons, a nice size unit, done fast. We're going to also use Procrill's newest product, NUSH, to do that. Let's head over to the desk and we're going to basically speed our way through these. I'm going to start with just they're all primed black. Nothing special. This is just black primer. When I'm doing this tutorial, there's no airbrush, there's no nothing like that. We're going to keep it simple. I want to make sure this is something that everybody else could do. I start by just doing a nice, heavy, dry brush of brown all over them. Here, I'm using the Warm Brown from Procrill because it'll be a great base tone for our skeletons as we build them up. Most anything you could do with an airbrush for this kind of thing, like for just base coating them and as we're going to eventually pseudo-Xenothal them with later steps, you can do all of this with a nice soft makeup brush for a dry brush as well and so that's what I do here. Now, this first coat, I'm working very thick. I don't wipe much off the brush. As you can see, I'm really just slapping it around the model. All of my models, by the way, are set up on paint sticks so you can go to your local hardware store and you can just get these sticks. They're basically usually free from like the Home Depot or Lowe's or whatever's near you and then you just take some double-sided tape, run it down there, stick all your models to it. Now you've got them all in a nice row, easy to work on, especially when you're trying to do speed painting tasks like this. I know it seems silly, but it's really nice to just be able to move around whole like stacks of almost 20 models basically at one clutch. Once they're all brown and we're good to go there, then it's time for the next step. The next step is I'm going to take some vampiric flesh now, and this is the thing. When you're painting skeletons, do not limit yourself to a color that says bone. I really cannot emphasize this enough. Things that look anywhere in this range but that have more browns or yellows or flesh tones in them will all be fine and look good. In fact, we'll add a lot of interesting tonal variation in hue to your skeleton. In this case, vampiric flesh is this wonderful warm, it's got a little bit of orange in it, it's great. We just drybrush that, but when I'm doing this, this is still a relatively heavy drybrush, but I'm working specifically down. My drybrush is always pulling down.  I only come down the model, not back up. Lots of sweeps just over them from the top, again just basically turning the skeletons, sort of white from above. If you flip them over, you can still see a decent amount of that brown in the recesses and in the sort of under shaded parts. One note here is I do work rather quickly, but I am still building it up. You'll notice I don't have a huge amount of paint on the drybrush for this step. I'm relying on hitting the model many times, not one pass to deploy a lot of the paint. I think that's where a lot of people can sometimes go wrong. The other thing I'll just quickly note here is that in all these drybrushing steps, I'm not using a paper towel. I'm using these specialized wipes that you can buy for nail polish. They're really soft and only moderately absorbent, so they actually just sort of take the paint without sapping all the liquid out. I really like them as a wipe for drybrushing. My wife gave them to me and they're excellent for this purpose. I'll link those down in the description so you can check them out. Once that step is done, that then brings us to basically a closer to white, very light drybrush. Here I'm using off-white and I just give them a very light touch, focusing really mostly on above. So this is their heads, their shoulders, their arms, the kneecaps that when their knees are jutting out a lot. I don't know why these guys are always just like hot stepping like they're in the middle of a jazz routine, but basically those very raised areas. With all that done, now we've got some skeletons. They look fine, but we can go a step farther because they still look a little rough. They're still too much of a little of that dark brown black from the primer, still showing through in a lot of areas. We want to give them a nice coat of actual tone, some warmth. These are meant to be skeletons in the desert, by the way. So now we're going to do some nush. All right. So the nush. This is a new product from Pro Acryl and it's basically a, meant to replace a sort of medium that very much extends working time. It is not really like a very runny substance.  And I'm going to mix it here. I started three to one, but I actually found the right ratio was four to one. So I'm going to mix it again with the warm brown, the original, but that warm brown is going to function differently when put over the whites that I've dry brushed as opposed to the original black of my primer. And it's going to create a nicer gradient, especially down in the recesses and the shadows. So I mixed basically the paint to the nush at a four drops of nush to one drop of paint. And then you clench, because we're just going to slap it on there. And so I just coat this bad boy in this sort of nush paint mix and you can see it looks like I just ruined all of my good work. But I didn't. I then take some makeup sponges and simply wipe it away. Now I let it sit. I experimented with how long to let it sit to get the effect. And I found at the four to one ratio, I wanted it to sit for basically no more than about a minute, maybe two minutes at most. I found that was a pretty good amount of time. Now, the more nush you mix in, the longer the working time will be. And even this I'm wiping this way with a dry makeup sponge at the moment. And I can pull most of it off. Really, the biggest problem is actually getting in some of the tight spaces on some of these models. If I was working on like a space frame or something where it's much more open and exposed, it would be a lot easier. But here I found it was really easy to just get in there and wipe it away with the dry thing. When I moved to working on all the guys on the stick, I did five at a time and then wiped them and then five at a time and then wiped them and five at a time and then wiped them and so on. And I found that was a good sort of that gave me a naturally correct working time. I'll also note with the nush that not only can you get this nice clean wipe away and then as you're wiping it, you do if you let it dry that about a minute or so, you get this really nice gradient down to where the paint remains. It actually gives you a pretty smooth transition down in there of wiped correctly. But if you have any rough transitions, I was also able to go in with the brush, just a wet brush.  I found that working time was more in like the five to 10 minute range. I could do that with a wet brush. So it's still got I still got quite a bit of working time out of that. There, like you couldn't drive wipe it away anymore, but now you could just use the the wet brush and we were good to go. So all in all, I think the nush and this really isn't meant to be a full nush review. You know, we'll probably talk about it some more in future videos as I'm going to continue experimenting with it. But I thought I'd let you join me on the experimentation and we'd speed paint some skeletons at the same time. But all in all, I really liked it. It had a nice effect. I'm keen to play with it some more. And I think it really could replace streaking grime or something similar without working with any kind of toxic, harsh, stinky chemicals. So that's actually really cool and got me pretty excited. All right. So now it's time to just finish these bad boys out with most of the bone done. And I built these skeletons as kind of the simplest I could to minimize additional nonsensory and doodads and bajangles and things. So, you know, I like to keep it easy, but I did go back in and I gave it a light dry brush of again, the vampiric flesh plus a little the off-white. So kind of a 50-50 mix of the two. Again, just focusing on really like the top of the head, the shoulders, knuckles, things like that, just to make sure that that all those areas were picked out. And there was some brightness to the edge of it. When I did see with the new she's just like with streaking grime and this is true for oil washes. This is true for enamel paints. This is true for working with the new she the lighter the color you're working over, the more likely there is to be some kind of staining effect just because you can't wipe everything away at the molecular level. Some amount of paint is going to seep into the the chemical substrate of the lower level of paint. But this just gave it a little bit more pop. Once that was done, then it was time to turn to the other areas. The when I originally did my Tomb Kings army, I was using I think like Vallejo turquoise basically. But now in the modern age, we have contrast paints. Specifically, we have Achillean green, which I'm neither working on anything to do with Eidnath nor anything is this paint green. It's a blue. It's a blue turquoise color and I love it. And it's basically a perfect match. So all the spear halves basically get that any kind of little details and then their shields are obviously going to be the turquoise a note on the shields themselves. I wanted them to have a sort of sun bleached texture. So I actually just as I was doing the original dry brushing with the vampiric flesh in the white, I just heavily stippled onto the shields first the vampiric flesh around then the off white then some more vampiric flesh around the thing just very quickly just banging a large brush up and down the the rank of the 20 of them on the the sticks are on the stick. And then when you put the Achillean green over that, you get this wonderful like sun bleached blue effect. It looks like a car that sat out in the sun too long. I really like it as sort of an effect for textured paints. You'll see how it all looks in the end when it all comes together. I then use some gold. Now when I had done these guys originally, I used Vallejo liquid gold. So I actually did the same thing here just to keep them consistent with my original paint scheme as it were Vallejo liquid gold as gubertown hobbies recently pointed out is really interesting because unlike most paints, it's not using a dye. It's using aluminum pigment but also copper and zinc pigment. So it's not using a dye to change anything. I don't really think there's anodization of the aluminum there. It's just using the combination of those three hyper finely ground pigments in an alcohol based suspension to create that sheen of fine metal. So it is a really interesting color and I have to say I liquid gold is a real giant pain to work with and God did I run into that again. I really hate this paint because it dries so fast. It gets gummy instantly. You can't use water. You have to use alcohol, but it does produce a unique effect. I will completely give it that with that step done. There's just a little bit of final cleanup and things like that. So this is going back in with some of the vampiric flesh or the white hitting some of those things.  But all in all these guys came together in about three hours of working time. So not bad. A full unit of 20 dudes. I don't know how many points they're worth. Not enough, but that's okay. And so I was happy to get this unit on the table and yeah, they're like basically with those simple steps and less than three hours. I had a full unit of 20 ready to go. Let's take a look at the unit. Here they are. I mean, I really think they came out pretty fun and cool for being less than three hours of work on 20 models. That's really not too bad. You know, I had 180 minutes roughly in that time period divided by 20 models. That means I had not a lot of time like less than 10 minutes per model basically. So for that amount of time, I'm actually pretty pleased with the result. Are they rough? Yeah, sure. But they're also a base troop you're supposed to have 40 or 80 of and when they're all together in their beautiful rank and file legitimately, I think they look pretty cool and I always loved the look of Tomb Kings when they're all ranked up with their turquoise elements and stuff. And so I think these guys will fit into my old army and continue to build out my skeletons. So there you go. I'll probably do some more stuff with the old world in the future. So stay tuned if you want to see more of that painted. But if you liked this, give it a like. Subscribe for additional hobby cheating in the future. We have new videos here every Saturday. If you've got any questions about anything I did here, do not hesitate to put those down in the comments. I always answer every comment and question that's asked. If you want to support the channel, there's lots of ways you can do so. You can share this video. If you want any of the products I mentioned down below, there are links down in the description where you can pick those up. Doesn't cost you anything extra. In fact, if you pick up from Monument, you might even save some money as I have a discount code down there. So do check that out for the noosh. If you're interested in using this in the same way. I also have merch down there and of course our Patreon focused on review and feedback and taking your next step on your hobby journey. We'd love to have you as part of the community. As always though, I thank you so much for watching this one. And we'll see you next time.


What's going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards ripping at 2023 Bowman baseball jumbo eight box case break number 133 picker team style read up lists for names on our teams got ammo deal with the Marlins Brennan R. Giants Padres Bryce G. White Sox Nationals Christy Tigers Cona H. Blue Jays Dylan D. Rockies Glen Kay Cardinals Jack S. with the Rangers Guardians Jake S. Twins James J. with the Dodgers Brewers Jeffrey H. Orioles Royals Phillies Red Sox Astros Mariners Diamondbacks Jeffrey thank you as always John C. Angels King L. with the Pirates Kyle M. Rays Logan H. Cubs Michael P. Reds Miles H. Braves Thorpe W. Metz Tom C. Yankees and Zack D. with the athletics. Good luck here everybody let's do it. I'll never forget when we were doing we're doing a dynasty break random left side serial numbers of F1 and there was a Dylan S in it and I just remember the look the face your dad made when I said Dylan S he goes I'm like no no no different Dylan S he's like oh thank God. Dynasty. Dynasty rate of left side serial numbers. Box one good luck here guys. It's going to be purple patterned paper to 199 Garry Cole. First auto Matthew Wood at his base for the Brewers. Nice one there Milwaukee and a Matthew Wood first. Not too shabby at all. Take a berry first. It's like that'll get like split. Christian Serta to 125 for the Diamondbacks. Teal Shimmer. I just have three piles going over here on Bowman now. A bunch of paper in there. Los Romantes first. Wilbur Sanchez. Andy Pajes. Inserts there Edward Julian. Tink Hentz for the Cardinals. You can see he's in the top hundred now. There is base and Oscar Coloss. Framé de Lyon. Space.  Green paper Elijah Green to 399 for the Nationals. There's Troy Johnson. True Blue for the Marlins. Nice one there 94 of 150. True Blue auto Troy Johnson. Paraza Rookie. Should get the call soon. Waiting there with our fingers in our noses apparently. The Yankees to call him up. Harrison first. Probably not till next year. Maybe he'll be a September call up but I'd be surprised. Colson Montgomery Lunar Glow. Nice one there for the Whitesons. Get about one of those per box and jumbo. Which is nice. Yes sir, Mercedes. There's a nice Matt Mervis to 299. One of the last teams taken. Chicago Cubs on the first auto. Congrats on that Chicago. Very nice. Very nice, very nice. And that's what I'm saying. That's why he's not getting called off. Because he's, yeah, Marcus Lee's saying what did Marcus Lee do? Definitely. Definitely. Definitely. Good call on that one. And yours, Tavares and base. So that is sort split and donate. I'm going to check one thing really quick. A bunch of spots coming in. Marvin was spotting each of the choices. Had two spots and the choice tiered. Cheng with some spots as well. Scott F with a triple thread spot. Edgar B with one in each of the selects as well. Check one thing really quick guys. All right, on to the next one. Daniel Montecino Lunar Glow. Yosue DePaola first and base and base. What's up Nicholas? I'm doing well. Doing well. Five year doing well as well. Josh Young. Future Lunar Creator to 199. Kumar Rocker. This one there for the Rangers. Nothing really. Zach Neto. Blue Lunar Creator. Nice one there for the Angels. He's now up in the majors. Graz LA. Very nice. Very nice. No golf on? Or is it just not televised? Yeah, I don't understand. Whatever, Kyle and Donnie are up front. Shail to you on Wednesday. Tata Lo is just randomly go. Channel 2 is a bot lobby. Because we kept telling people like, if you want to get some easy dubs on your boxes, go to channel 2 because that is a bot lobby. Parapine duo right there. And they were on the main channel last night too. Wack jobs. Run everything here. It's wild. Scary. Green Matt Mervis paper. Nice one there to 399 on the first. Merv the swerve. Chaconne and base. Beyond Jorge. Oh, on to the next one. Let's see what we got. It's going to be a green paper, Lee over Buero, Rookie to 399 for the Pirates. Got Otto, Jefferson, Rojas going to the Cubs, the 499 on the refractor. Nice one there, Cubs. Cubs doing well. Got one last team staking. They are doing very well. There's Martinez, Marcus Lee Seng for Donnie. And last pack of box too. Nice. That is going to be base Otto, Josue De Paula. Nice one there for the Dodgers. A lot of Josue De Paula is coming out of the Bowman Jumbo recently. Very nice. Personally, I have not. No, Zai. But we've had it. We did have some at the shop. I know that Kyle and Matt ripped some for personals. I don't think we had any group breaks of it because it was a little too difficult to do for a group break. Like in a group break setting. But I know we had it. I did not unfortunately get to actually physically open any though. So that's sort of sweet. And during. Andrew H for the spot in Select. Thank you, Andrew. First Select of the day. Very nice. I'm excited to see what Select H2 is going to be all about. It's going to be fun, man. See if we can pull up Black Disco some sort. That'd be pretty nifty. That is William Lugo. Purple to 250. Nice one there, Mets. Rats on that to New York. Got you a bias. Bryce Sensivalg on 28 was a good pick, too. He's kind of a stud. Yeah. He's like one of the best peer scorers in the draft. So that was reading about. Kevin Pirata, Lunar Glow, and Ray Wave. Martin Gonzalez to 399. Your boy, you have a lot of your boys are in this one right here. We have Yoshida and Michael Arroy are both in this. Holy dude. Matt Mervis first. Mervis-Werve. Tamar. Full of what? That'd be sick. That's still out there. That'd be sweet. I'm sure it is. Samuel Munoz. Jacob Berry first. Ryan Clifford. Ronnie Simon. Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa. You know about grabbing FIFA Select retail. I think that's going to be a very strong retail product. Soccer like Select seems to, I mean, a messy one-of-one patch auto got pulled out of retail. Yeah, I would definitely do that. Oh, printing plate. Gavin Cross, one-of-one. Nice one there for the Royals. Take that. Javier Osario going to the Tigers to 250 on the Purple Paper. Burgoyah. Yeah, they tend to like, it seems that a lot of the FIFA, like any of the, any of the Penini soccer stuff seems to be pretty juiced. Future Paper, Freddie Freeman to 299. Justin Crawford first. Jeff was fun last night. I didn't really, I mean, I watched a little bit of it. I had it on my phone. So I was able to see all the Spencer Jones obvious picks and stuff. Still pretty shocked that what's his face went.  But what's his face? Scoot going three. I was, I'm still kind of shocked about that. Especially after all the nonsense that what's it called? Brandon Miller has been saying. Nick Vot, Atomic to 100. Nice one there for the Padres, 98 of 100. And the stuff that happened with him at the Amos. Yeah, that was Jesus Christ. Coulson Montgomery to 499. But, well, do you see the other stuff he said? He said Paul George is the goat, which I'm like, all right. Oh, Louise Rovello based on, I think that's four autos in this box. Nice. Brad's Red Sox. Yeah, then he said, he was like, I don't think MJ is that good. I witnessed him air ball free throw once. I'm like, dude, what? You're at the Hornet Sound. Well, he sold them, they got it. Yeah, that would have been awkward. There's no way they would have taken Miller or MJ still on the team. Because I think I told you this, but my buddy, I know I told your dad this, I forget if it was you or Donnie, but I had a buddy in college, Lazaromanta is that intern for the, for the Hornets and Sales. And his boss was like pretty, like he was like friends with Mitch Cupjack, who was GM at the time, or still might be the GM. I don't know. But whoever the GM was at the time, maybe it was Cupjack. And he said that basically, hey, thank you. They're Bradley taking some spots. That is William taking a choice spot as well. He basically said that everybody in the organization, this is in 2019. So this is Zion. Everybody in the organization wanted Tyler Hero. They wanted Tyler Hero. And that was their plan. And MJ wanted PJ Washington. So guess who they took? PJ Washington. Yeah, MJ not, not really a good, good draft drafty, I would say. Not a good draft there at all. What was I going to do here? Drop your link to choice again. It's time to eat to go now, everybody. Eat to go. Let's get that filled on up again. 54 spot gets your random team in a five box of optic choice. Looking for nebulas. You are looking for black golds to eight. You are looking for dragon scales, short prints as well as the red mojoes to 88 plus rookie choice exclusives. A lot of good stuff in there for sure. I know we had a juiced case the first time we I opened it. I think number, I think 10 boxer number one tiered random team style was we hit a black gold Keegan Murray auto. One other thing, I forget what it was, but then we hit a true like rookie black gold chat jersey number seven of eight. Yeah, it's nasty. Yeah, it was pretty freaking sweet. Yep. Yep. Luke autos are in there too. I think we pulled the Luke auto. I think that's what it was. Pull the Luke auto. I was like, damn, dude, this is wild. There's gonna be a blue Axel Sanchez true blue to 150 on the chrome first first select Victor one, but I'm gonna first overall pick shocking. There's a bell bastidas. I just went there to 499. Tigers. Jackson, honey, not Cheerio. Kim Collier first. Puyaka, Greg. I know, they really did. That's like all of his autos.  Kim Collier first again. Once there's a junior Kevin arrow first as well. Andre's Mesa is going to be a Hector Rodriguez purple auto to 250 for the reds. Nice one there since he Hector Rodriguez H rod, Corbin Carroll, rookie Hector Rodriguez. Yeah. Yeah. That's why the reds are really good in this too. Troy Johnson again. That's going to be a base auto this time for the Marlins to Troy Johnson autos coming out of this. You have him Collier and you have, uh, think what Carlos Jorge and, uh, uh, a dull amateur are all on the reds and this drew Jones first. You also went to Paula first, uh, Peyton Graham first, Luna Glow and Max Muncie, the A's Max Muncie. I got how much is the ESPN milk, the NBA draft now. Victor, Victor, Victor. It's all it's going to be all it's going to be for the next five months. So excited for football, bro. I'm so excited for football. Luis Rodriguez. That's back. There's a Anthony McGuero to 4.99 sky blue paper. Mejia, a Royal, uh, Kevin Perotta that is going to be to 1.99. Future for the Mets. Down to seven to go on choice now everybody. Seven to go. Here's your link again. It's the next group break, uh, available with spots today. Here we go. Also have a tiered random team style of that coming up as well. Here we go. Luna Glow, Peyton Ramirez, maybe I'll have Matt again. Matthew Wood again. That is going to be base auto for the brew crew. Second one of the break, South Freilich. Take a berry first and blaze Jordan.  They're just hoping ESPN is just praying.  Sorry, they're going to do anything. Both? No. Yeah, both. Hopefully neither. I don't think he wants to bot Matt Jones throwing to him. Now Matt Jones actually, he's actually looked really good in camp. I'll give him that. I'd rather not give him a word. Oh yeah, yeah, for sure. Ooh. Oh, what is that? That is two of six. Frank Thomas on the buyback. The Bowman buyback auto. What the heck? 1999 for the White Sox. Dude, that's awesome. These are so rare. I've never seen those. Oh, that's so cool. Who's got Chicago? We got to see who's got the White Sox. Bryce G. Congrats, man. The big hurt. Those are so nasty. Again, that's on a 1999 Bowman too. Because I saw the back like you could see, because usually they're turned upside down, but that one wasn't. You could see the back was clearly different from everything else. Matt shares her purple paper to 250. That was freaking awesome. That was freaking awesome right there. Junior Camarillo. There's your boy, Michael Arroyo. Here we go. Andres Mesa. Marie Davis. L.A. De La Cruz. Camarion Boyd. Brooks Lee. Teal Shimmer. Alejandro Unzuna first to 125 for the Rangers. That's so awesome, dude. That buyback is good. I like what they put at stuff. Yeah, dude. They're super rare too, because I think they're all numbered to super, super low as well. It's kind of like in Finest when they have the Finest buybacks too. Same kind of thing, but this is all with like Bowmans. Kumar Rocker. Nice one there on the Atomic. 50 of 100 for the Rangers. Very cool. That's a little Kumar Rocker action. See a lot of decent amount of his stuff in here, which is always nice. Cam Collier first. Max Muncie. Justin Crawford first. Averson Artega and base. Corbin Carroll. Purple Paper. Robert Perez, Junior to 250 for the Mariners. H. Rod. And Kennedy Corona to 299 White Speckled Base. Croma. For the Astros. Very nice. Basically, it means like tops like, I'll show you really quick, Eric. Basically, what buyback means is this card is not produced in 2022. This is legitimately a 1999 Bowman. 1999 Bowman card. So basically what Tops does is they get the cards back, have the player sign them and stamp it with whatever product it's in. So you could see it's 2023 Bowman autograph and then they stamp it, two of six as well. So that's exactly basically a buyback means. It's like everything in archives is definitely a buyback, especially like the older ones when they do like retired player edition. Six series archives, because then it's all like old guys. It's all like 80s and 70s and 90s tops, 2000s tops. Yeah, yeah, no problem, Eric. It's like those are, that's the only I've ripped. I could confidently say I've probably ripped 50 cases of Bowman this year. And that's the only one I've pulled. Yeah, I know. I don't know if anyone else, maybe Max pulled one because he's done a ton of Bowman too. Yeah. On Hell's Chanel, purple for the Guardian Institute, 50. Nice one there. Yeah, dude, they're super short printed because the checklist is usually only like 10 guys too.  Yeah, it was a redemption, it was expired, but still pretty sick. Yeah, really freaking cool. Such a great addition they do. Like similar, they do it in Finest as well, which is really nice. You'll have like the old tops, Finest, like the crazy inserts and the crazy chrome stuff from like the early 90s, mid late 90s. Yeah, my guess is it's 10 guys. 10, between 10 and 15. I don't know what they're all numbered to. Red, not a red. Garrett Mitchell, Fuchsia Paper, Max Wagner to $2.99 for the Orioles. 12, who, um, yeah. Yeah, who else is in there? Damon Keith to $2.99, nice one there for the Doyers on the white spec. He's having a good season. I think he's in like high A or single A. Um, what's I going to ask you to, what are they numbered to? They're all numbered to six? Uh, it just says serial number. Just a serial number, yeah. They're probably, the different guys are probably numbered to different numbers too. That's probably what that means. Junior Kim and Aria, Wagner, Andres Mesa, Bryson on the phone. Let him answer the phone. Um, what was I going to do? No, once the MLB draft, that's got to be soon. How are your firsts? Really? Yeah. Because they do it before the season's over. Jorge Burgos, Luna Glow, Elijah Green. They do it like after the college love series, before like the MLB season's over. There's a Robert Perez, Jr. based auto, nice one there for the marriage. Two weeks. It says July 9th. Yeah, that's fun. What day is it on? Um, what would they, I guess, what day of July 9th? Sunday. Okay, that's all of y'all. Nice. I have to imagine, unless the Pirates take Skeens to save money, like they did with Henry Tapis, 21. But luckily Henry Davis is up now, which is kind of cool to see him up there in the show. Yeah, Skeens is going to be a stud, dude. He's going to be a beast. And he'll probably be in, he'll probably be in Bowman Draft this year too. Jacob Barrie, because they won't hold Justin Crawford. Whoever the third pick is, probably Langford would be my guess. They're not going to hold out a pitcher. Like they're not going to hold out a pitcher to go into 24 Bowman. That doesn't make any sense. He'll be whoever's first. So assuming Cruz goes first, and then Skeens goes second, that means Cruz and Skeens will most likely both be in Bowman Draft, and then whoever's third will go into Bowman the next year. And they'll take like another two or three guys and put them in Bowman the following year. That's going to be expensive. Oh yeah. Averson Artega 125. Teal Lunar Creator. That's going to be the Brady. Yeah, that's going to be tough. Yep. I want the next one. Two boxes left, everybody. Do a quick recap once it's done as well, and then we'll be into three and two. Tracing those. We'll be into it. And still at seven to go on Optic Choice. Let's get that filled up, everybody. That is the next group rate currently with spots remaining. It is basketball. Seven to go on that one. Dropped, you guys, that link. Little, a couple of minutes ago or so here is Adley Rushman. Sky blue paper to $4.99 on the rookie. Got Wilmer Flores, base auto for the Tigers. To the sub there, Mali, or the follow there, Mali. Okay, I got dropped. Here's the website for you, Mali. Place Jordan. Lázaro Monsa's base. First Chrome. Laula. Laula. Shade Langlears, rookie. Sky blue paper, Jorge Ruiz to $4.99 for the Angels. Probably not going to opt into that. I'll probably get money in just kind of a while, dude. That is Damon Keith again. This time true blue. Nice one there for the Dodgers. Color match to $150. I'm pretty good, like I said earlier on the first order. Pretty good minor league season for himself. Kevin Perrata to $250. Purple ray wave. Yellow card for dropping top loaders over there. My God, get it together. I'm already starting with yellow. Yeah, oh my God, yeah. There's Ryan Clifford to $3.99 on the lava. You'll have a red before you even know it. You'll blank and have a red. Unreal, dude. Unreal. Jackson Holiday. Miguel Blaze. Simon Juan. Lunar glow for the Mets. Ice. Junior Caminero. Refractor to $4.99. Going to the Rays. Nice auto there. Let's go. Hell yeah, man. Simon springs that again. What's up, Kyle? What up, Drippy? Drippy. Hey, Riz. Over. Yeah, pretty solid over so far, Jeff, for sure. It's been good. It's been really good, but good little case here. Nice little Mervis color auto. The Frank Thomas buyback, the Caminero. Cam Collier. Cam Collia. I know I saw somebody on Facebook buying his, or Facebook or Twitter is buying his base autos no matter what at $200 a pop. Really? Yeah. That's how he's the hot. Because he's already in AA and he's doing well in AA. And I know Jake was telling me, because obviously Jake is a brave fanatic, saying that he was a potential late 2024 call-up already, dude. The case. Good luck here, everybody. Pretty solid. Some Caminero action, which is always good. He's so good, dude. How old is he? Like 20? 21? 19.  His average is 332.   Oh my god. Right now, yeah. Right now, absolutely. Absolutely can there. 19 years old. Stupid. Wow. There's Fuchsia Vinnie Pascontino. 2.299. Diego Hernandez. Nice dehern. Blue Lunar Creator 2.150 for the Royals. That's insane, dude. That's insane. He's batting 316 in AA at 19.  Josue DePaola. Jackson Holiday is crushing the ball, too, right now. Yeah, he really is. He's good, dude. He's going to be a stud. God, dude. Now, Churio's still the top, dude. Churio's 20. He's 19 years old, and he is batting. He is in AA. He is disgusted. He batted over 300 in AA last year. He was 18, which is silliness. There's Oswald Paraza, rookie to 1.50. There's Sky Blue Paper, Trace Sweeney. 2.499, because a lot of these guys are going to graduate already because you have just in the top 10, I guess just two of them. Cruz De La Cruz is up, and Yuri Perez is up. And then Waller might be up by the end of the year. Got about Evan Carter, too. Evan Carter is stuck. That's another Matt Mervis. This time, Refractor to 4.99. Congrats, Cubs. Two Mervs in this one. Judd Fabian. Yeah, Judd Fabian is good, too. He's like the other, like, that's why what makes the Orioles so good in bowman draft is they have Fabian, too. And Fabian's like a top, he's what? Top five prospects in the Orioles, like in the Orioles system now with everybody else graduating, with no more Adley, no more Grayrod, like all those guys, like they all got promoted. So PCA, hopefully coming up soon, I'm sure. Kyle Harrison will probably be up by the end of the year. I know. Probably soon, I'd have to imagine. Yeah, I mean, I feel like I genuinely feel like Marco Luciano is like 27, but he's 21. With how long I feel like he's been in the minors. There's Randy DeJesus, which hasn't really been that long. The Angels, your Dany De Los Santos to 3.99. Frelec, Frelec's another one who can come up this year for the Brewers. There's Jackson Ferris. Basotto, nice one there. Yeah, Kobe Mayo is, he's destroying the ball, too, dude. Oh, that's good. That holiday spends that much time signing autographs. Good for him. Good on him, dude. Jose Perosa, 4.99. No, I know. Exactly. Ricky Tiedemann, he's a beast, too, the pitcher. Wow, dude. Curtis Mead, too. The need for me, yeah. Dude, the freaking Orioles are going to be so good. It's annoying. Hopefully they just can't afford all their guys when they lose control of them. There's Lazaro Montez. Oh, that guy. Is he coming in here? You better not. Oh, that, it would be you, Shane. Oh, Shane. That would be you. Elijah Green, Oscar Coloss, base. Shane, you might move up on the trash. You're definitely moving up on the trash this week. I have the need for me to get this guy out of here. I know. It's really going to have to start. Mods, mods, mods. All right, guys, do a quick recap here. Pretty solid case, overall, for sure. We had the printing plate of Gavin Cross, Jackson, base orders, first Jackson Ferris, Wilmer Flores, Robert Perez Jr., Matthew Wood, yeah, okay, Kyle. Troy Johnson, Luis Ruevello, Yosue DePaulo, Matthew Wood, Abel Bastidas, Refractor, Will's Matt Mervis, and Jefferson Rojas, White Speckler 299, Matt Mervis, Damon Keith, Purple to 250, William Lugo, Anjel Janau, Hector Rodriguez, Blues to 150, Zac Neto, Diego Hernandez, Damon Keith, True Blue, Troy Johnson, Atomic to 100, Nick Boat, Kumar Rocker, we have Junior Kevin Aro, that is going to be 2, 499, nice one there, and Frank Thomas on the Bowman Bi-Vac to 6, 6-1 there for the White Sox. That'll do it for the break, guys. Thanks again for the fill. Up next is 3 and...


October 21, 2016, the MGPI Processing Facility in Atchison, Kansas. An unintended chemical reaction resulted in a dense cloud containing toxic chlorine gas and other chemicals that drifted into the community, leaving over 140 people with reported injuries. The incident occurred during a routine chemical delivery when two incompatible chemicals, sulfuric acid and sodium hypochlorite, were inadvertently mixed, forming the toxic cloud. The MGPI Facility produces distilled spirits, specialty wheat proteins and starches. The incident occurred in a section of the plant that uses sodium hypochlorite or bleach, as well as sulfuric acid. These two chemicals, when combined, can form chlorine gas and other chemical compounds. On the morning of the incident, a truck from a chemical distribution company, Harcross Chemicals, arrived at MGPI to complete a routine delivery of sulfuric acid. After reviewing paperwork in the control room, an MGPI Facility operator escorted the driver to a locked loading area. There, chemicals are transferred from trucks into the facility through piping, called fill lines, to several large storage tanks in an outdoor tank farm. The MGPI operator unlocked the sulfuric acid fill line for the driver to connect the truck's unloading hose. The operator remembers pointing out the correct fill line to the driver before he returned to his workstation. The driver, however, does not recall hearing the operator identify by the fill line. Unknown to the operator, the sodium hypochlorite fill line was also unlocked, and the two lines, which were only 18 inches apart, looked similar and were not clearly marked. The driver connected his truck's sulfuric acid hose to the sodium hypochlorite line, and sulfuric acid began flowing inside. He then returned to the cab of his truck. Shortly before 8 a.m., a greenish-yellow gas began flowing from the bulk tank of sodium hypochlorite. The driver noticed the cloud in his truck's side view mirror, and attempted to return to the connection area to turn off the flow of sulfuric acid, but the gas overwhelmed him. He then ran to the passenger side of the truck to close a valve that could halt the flow, and he was prevented from doing so by the gas. Instead he ran away from the cloud and escaped to a separate area of the facility. At about the same time, toxic gases entered the facility control room through the building's ventilation system. MGPI operators preparing for shift change in the control room were immediately overcome by the toxic gas. Because the operators had a practice of locking respirators between shifts, some were unable to access their respirators before evacuating the building. With no other way to stop the flow other than closing manual valves on the fill line or truck, or by triggering one of the truck's emergency shutoffs, the sulfuric acid continued to enter the sodium hypochlorite tank for nearly 45 minutes until emergency responders shut down the flow. Approximately 4,000 gallons of sulfuric acid combined with 5,800 gallons of sodium hypochlorite, causing a large dense cloud containing chlorine gas which soon drifted offsite. MGPI employees were evacuated from the site, and 11,000 Atchison citizens were advised to either shelter in place or evacuate. Over 140 people, including MGPI employees, emergency responders, the truck driver and members of the public, sought medical attention. Some requiring hospitalization. Your incidents are often quite serious because the large amount of chemicals involved. PSB identified several human factors deficiencies, which influenced how the operator and driver interacted with the chemical transfer equipment. Chemical facility drivers may not be familiar with the facility's equipment. For example, at MGPI, the CSB found that the close proximity of the sulfuric acid fill line to the sodium hypochlorite fill line increased the likelihood for workers to make an incorrect connection during chemical unloading. The CSB also discovered that the two fill lines looked and functioned identically, using the same type of connections. Lastly, the CSB found that of the five fill lines in the unloading area, only one was labeled at the point where the hose connected. Akila, this should be done while taking into account human factors issues that could impact how facility operators and drivers interact with that equipment. This can include physically separating fill lines by a discernible distance, selecting hose couplings and fill line connections with unique shapes or colors for each type of chemical, and ensuring that fill lines are properly labeled. Also during its investigation, the CSB found that at the time of the incident, MGPI did not have instrumentation that could automatically shut down the transfer of chemicals from the unloading area in the event of a process deviation, since the only ways to shut down the transfer of sulfuric acid to the sodium hypochlorite tank required human interaction and were located within areas affected by the release. There was no way for workers without proper personal protective gear to stop the flow once it began. Another key lesson from our case study is to install alarms and interlocks in the process control system that can shut down the transfer of chemicals in an emergency. Finally, the CSB found that MGPI's procedures were not aligned with their work practices. On the day of the incident, the operator was not present when the transfer hose was connected to the fill line. Even though the company's procedures state that operators must verify the connection and that the operator should be the one to open the fill line valve, but the CSB discovered that some operators were not aware of these steps and the procedures and that it was their practice to have drivers open the fill line valve thinking this would be safer since drivers wear personal protective equipment in the event of a release as the MGPI incident demonstrates. Although unloading operations are relatively simple compared to many of the complex processes taking place at chemical facilities, the consequences can greatly impact workers and surrounding communities due to the large amounts of chemicals transferred during deliveries.


They're ripping 2021 top-to-ground platinum anniversary baseball light eight box number 18 random teams. I will show the What is that noise? Results right here. There's all sorts of buzzers and bells We need less cowbell the national in fact, isn't that funny See what I did there guys Do you know what I am saying? All right, let me get that filter on it could you be getting Could be getting crazy here in a minute All right, y'all top strong if I mean let's hope this second half of the case here is it's pretty awesome Personal is fantastic a lot of numbered cards see we pulled auto this time Again autos not guaranteed here. They're pretty rare, but when you pull one, they're paying in their number to 15 So I've only pulled I've only pulled one personally I've been done a ton of the light I do like this stuff man Devin Williams black and white mini diamond brewers extra filling up the baseball breaks y'all Let's get those basketball breaks filled up. We got a full case of prism in a case of noir tier random team style Ruben Sierra Hawkeway rangers Fractor White Sox Lucas G. Leto Red atomic David Garcia rookie Yankees to 100 black white mini diamond a shaman I am The fracter Astros jaco to Rizzy like my mini diamond A's by the blue A little quicker to this one guys. We'll just get to the killer ex-fracture reds Ken Griffey that's senior Cubs refractor KB with Ryan Scars also feel more stuck to the normally do Correa black one mini diamond Fractor wake Red Sox wake for you. That's Kenzie doing a test guys like my mini diamond Ruben Sierra Rangers Hawkeway Red Sox JD Martinez Fracture Dodgers Justin Turner my mini diamond Cubs Ernie Banks refractor Cardinals rookie Rolla Ramirez yellow green Fergie Jenkins Cubs To 99 kids is not talking. She just did that test chat Like a white mini diamond Tigers Jose Valverde. I don't even know if we were Me personally, I don't know if we were able to get it at that price They definitely cost more from distributors Like my mini diamond Giants Trinium Lagucci extractor Rocky Sirman Marquez Fractor Soto Nationals Fractor Scott Roland Cardinals Rich should be back in chat soon. Oh William Fractor Mariners a rod like my mini diamond A's Elvis Andrus extractor Red Sox Nathan of Aldi Stop Ryan refractor Gary Matthews Cubs Like my mini diamond Cardinals Matt Carpenter Awkwae Cleveland James Carrons have on nice color. Let's see it Like my mini diamond Orioles Austin Hayes Fractor Braves Charlie Ward You mini diamond Marco Gonzalez Mariners Number to 199 on the Mariners guard there like my mini diamond Arias twins Once again guys, I'd like to thank y'all for filling up the national break so far We just got a few more from the national to get filled angels refractor Alex Cobb Next time we break from a show We got to figure out like a trash man situation because I could not consistently throw packs into there It's impossible. Oh, yeah, I'm throwing stuff on the ground black white mini diamond ash or a chef bag Well to be fair you have to throw it in like this big of a like hole and I Can't I can't go fast and do that at the same time got doll back rookie Awkwae Red Sox It says hey practice on time there Orioles We'll have to show them at some point today. We're a little behind I saw to show everybody my card. I totally forgot to do that black white mini diamond Ken Griffey Reds I'll just you want to get back. I think Black and white mini diamonds in Wakefield Red Sox Another one of my favorite parts of the show is when Lane and Caleb Come show me that cards that people are buying so are just showing off for key refractor Phillies Spencer Howard Yeah, and then I go holy and then Exploded, you know usually to sue go to 199 rays These are not real autos. They're facsimile autos Cubs like my mini diamond hobby bias It's just the 1952 design They all had that design Extractor Gossman Giants with a number to Tony numbered throughout number low numbered Mark Berler. There's a lot of numbered stuff It was really good actually fractor Sean Green Dodgers Yeah, I've only pulled one Fractor Lindor Mets Big definitive coming up big Jeter coming up to yeah, we got some big breaks today We still got to get in the Warfield guys That's a big break and also prison basketball hobby full case I'll be doing that one today since Kenzie did the full case yesterday.  Oh, bleep metal pop sentry as well. Extractor Ken to my edits wins Extractor Mets David right We're teasing the clutch. Oh, we got an auto got pink. Come on now. Come on now Tyler Stevenson rookie auto reds. That is very nice. Actually. It's a 15 Wow, that's actually a gorgeous card dude. Congrats red Stevenson's a good one There we go Good stuff man. That is honestly a fantastic looking card Holy cow, dude, wow That's that's definitely the best auto. I pulled out of life easy.   This national compared to last year's national There's so much more diversity as far as like demographics or history a lot more kids a lot more like families walking arounds It is awesome. Fractor rookie Royals Carlos Hernandez It's so cool man That was nuts like my mini diamond Vado for the reds Oh Aquavacular Marlins Fractor that's no synagogue Yeah, I got a pic with Floyd like my mini diamond Braves Martin Lansing extractor Valverde Tigers Fractor rookie Red Sox Tanner how Like my mini diamond rookie Marlins Jordan Holloway He's about I would say like what's his listen height. He's like five eight. I would guess Yeah, I mean he was always he was always one of the lower-weight boxers for sure refractor Ozzie Smith Padres Red atomic Cleveland Tristan McKenzie rookie to 100. I Assumed he was rich. I Yep, so if we head on tomorrow is refractor Ramon Laureano last day a break from the national guys Packing up Come see the booth today Like my mini diamond Aquino Reds. 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Yeah, we need to see his nose hairs Honestly, the coolest people I've met here are customers refractor Astros Roberto Asuna a lot of people come to say hey show support and That has been freaking awesome It's cool to see like all of our hard work like pay off that way Makes you feel like we're doing the right thing, you know, like We're doing this how we should be doing it rookie refractor Yankees or black white mini diamond Yankees Clark Schmidt It's it honestly is the best Ryan meeting you and Read last year was so awesome dude. Philly's Aqua wave regular Zinske Fracture Ed Smith Castellanos It's hard. It's hard to remember everybody, but it's I remember like faces and it's the best, you know Black white mini diamond red Sox Jason Perotek now that I'm 30. I just forget everybody's name immediately. So I Did sign an autograph. I've signed to I've signed three autographs for people in my life now rookie refractor Yankees That's about Floriel He got the DMV I've signed like 20 million autographs black white mini diamond rookie Jorge Ona Padres Fracture Astros Kyle Tucker, you know, honestly, there doesn't to be a sarcasm for That's the next evolution of human language, right? Like linguistics, it's gotta be Extractor Miguel Sahada is it's kind of like how we use emojis. It's like a form of hieroglyphics the next form Of evolution and writing it's gotta be like sarcastic fawn and things like that a laddie blue mini diamond Jay's the 199. That's awesome. We're gonna have to do like a LSE repack where we just have all the breakers sign autos and the portee sign autos Five bucks Jake Kronelworth rookie black and white mini diamonds Yeah, dude, I'll always remember when Ryan's son pulled a Desmond Bain rookie auto got a refractor Brandon Woodruff Brewers out of a Court Kings blaster at the booth. That was awesome, dude That was last year in Chicago. That was sick I'll do it guys. We got pristine coming up in just a couple of minutes


Many experts nowadays believe generative AI will have very significant impact on society and the economy, and that it is here to stay. Love it or hate it, but generative AI is going to play a role in our lives, and we'd better know something about it. So what is it? How does it work? Can you use it to your benefit? And importantly, does it also have downsides? Generative AI is software that can not only process text, images, sounds and other data that humans have produced, but that can also generate text, images and more. There are many different types of generative AI systems. The most well-known are large language models, such as the GPT-3 and GPT-4 models that underlie chat GPT. They are trained on enormous amounts of text, often written in lots of different languages. Books, blogs, Wikipedia, newspaper stories, social media messages and just about anything that anyone has ever written on the internet. They can generate new texts, usually in response to a question or an instruction from the user. These instructions are called prompts.  These models are proving to be extremely capable in generating new computer code, spoken language, images and music. And again, typically based on prompts in ordinary English. These systems have just become extremely powerful. And if you know how and when to use them, they can bring many benefits. It's worth experimenting with different ways of giving prompts to these systems and learning how others are integrating them into their workflow. Know what you can and cannot expect from them. Unfortunately, there are certainly also downsides to this technology. One big worry with large language models is that the statements they generate are not necessarily true. Moreover, there are many thorny issues about undesirable biases and stereotypes about intellectual property and deliberate abuse of these systems. The ethics of generative AI has therefore become a big topic that you and I will also need to think about a lot more.


Hello and welcome to listen to my talk. My name is Kaisa Nyberi and the title of my talk is Statistical Model of Correlation Difference and Related Key Linear Cryptanalysis. First I will give an introduction and then present our contribution and finally discuss some aspects of the solution. Introduction and motivation. The scope of the talk is related key linear cryptanalysis. There is not much literature and much work in this area, so I hope that presenting a correct model, correct statistical model of related key linear cryptanalysis will encourage more work in this area. So the idea is that given a linear approximation, its correlations are computed for two different related keys. And now the problem has been that there are statistical dependencies over the data and also over the related key pairs when we compute these two correlations. Of course using two independent data samples will put, remove the first dependency, but the second one still remains. And this problem has not been properly addressed in the existing literature and my goal is to fill this gap. So let us have a look at the difference of related key correlations and particularly in the case of iterated block cipher. So the correlation can be for an iterated block cipher, the correlation can be given as a sum taken over all traits ending with A, input mask A and output mask B, all the trail correlations with signs depending on the key. And now when we take the difference we get this factor which depends only on the key difference delta. And we can see that terms with tau delta, the inner product between tau and delta equals zero, cancel out. Meaning that there are less terms in this sum and less possible values also for this sum. And these facts may facilitate Matsui's algorithm one-type key recovery as discussed in the paper by Rökan and Neiberg in 2013. The second aspect or possibility to exploit this fact is particularly in a case where all the remaining terms are equal to zero. That is all the trail correlations in a product between tau and delta equals one disappear. And these are the two main applications previously handled in the literature. Let's have a closer look at the algorithm one-type key recovery. The keys are divided into key classes. And now we note this key class by the value C that the difference of correlations take. And if the values C are sufficiently apart, then using a sufficiently large sample, the key class can be identified. So given a sample of size M, the attacker computes a sampled correlation difference. And under the assumption that these two correlations are statistically independent, we get that within the key class key KC, the sample correlation is normally distributed with mean C and various two over N. Then given this distribution, one can use different kind of decision algorithms to decide which key class is the most likely one. There's one decision algorithm present in the paper by Rökan and Neiberg. And another one presented in the single key context by Ashur and Raimen. But this can also easily apply to the related key case. Next, the second type of application is a distinguisher, which can be used for key recovery also in the algorithm two type of key recovery. And this is based on the so-called key difference invariant bias property as introduced by Bognadov and others in 2013. They saw that, had observed that two cyphers L block and twine have such a property that under related keys, the difference of correlation of some linear approximations are equal to zero. Actually, they were able to identify a number of those, a small number of such linear approximations and then they used a multiple linear crypt analysis type of approach to build a distinguisher for this case. But for the distinguisher, we need to know what is the random behavior and we need to know what is the behavior expected from the cypher. So from the cypher, we expect this behavior and for the random pair of functions, because the mean is expected to be zero as well, but the variance is larger, it's 2 to the 1 minus n. And assuming that these correlations are statistically independent, then if we do key recovery, testing by trying different key candidates or part candidates for part of the key and if the key is fully correct, then we expect to see this property that the cypher has the key difference in variant bias property. If the key is not fully correct, we expect to see the random property. And the decision algorithm based on hypothesis testing is presented in the paper, the paper. And how to do we sample for this key difference in variant bias distinguisher in the same way as before, we compute the sample given a sample of plain text of size n, we get the corresponding cypher texts and then under two different keys, then compute the correlations and the difference of the correlation. And again, the model that Bogdanov and others were using, they assumed that the correlations are statistically independent also over the random samples. And then in that case, over the random samples, the correlation is normally distributed with the expected value c and variance 2 over n. Then putting these things together from the previous page and this, the behavior of the c, distribution of the c and this over the keys and distribution of the c hat over random samples, we get that for the right key where we expect to see the behavior of the cypher, the KDIB property, we get that c hat is normally distributed with mean 0 and variance 2 over n. While for the wrong key, the corresponding distribution is also normal, but now mean 0 and variance slightly larger 2 over n plus 2 to the 1 minus n. So now our contribution to these models, first let us recall the problems we just saw there. The problem is that even for a random pair of random functions f and fpr, these correlations may not be or are not, actually are not never fully independent. And we remove this assumption and prove the same distribution as we saw before, without any independence assumption. The second problem is that over the random, over the data samples, these correlations for a fixed key are not statistically independent. And our contribution is that we give an exact expression of the variance of the sample correlation difference without independence assumption. Instead, it's an exact expression containing another parameter which we will discuss later and which will allow a much more natural assumption. So in this way we can confirm, but also generalize the distribution used by Röck and Neiberg. And we can also confirm and generalize the previous understanding of the correlation difference in the case of KDIB property. Maybe generalize two different type of related key correlation properties. The main theorem concerns just a pair of Boolean functions of n-bit vectors. Linear approximations are such Boolean functions and define the correlation as usual and the difference of the correlations and the sampled correlations as given the same way we already discussed these quantities. And let n denote the size of a sample. And now a new parameter is denoted by Q. And it is the probability that these two Boolean functions are equal. In other words we can write it as 1 half times 1 plus the correlation between f and f prime. Then we get that the mean of the sampled correlation is equal to c. And the variance is equal to 4b divided by n times Q minus c squared divided by 4 where b is the so-called finite population correction coefficient which has the expression 2n minus n divided by 2n minus. One if the sample is drawn without replacement. And one if the sample is drawn with replacement. If the sample is drawn without replacement we use hyper geometric distribution here. And if the sample is drawn with replacement we use the binomial distribution. And the difference and the variances in these two cases for these two types of distributions are different by this quantity 2n minus n times 2n minus 1. In fact when we multiply the variance of the binomial in the binomial case with this quantity we get the variance in the hyper geometric case. So these binomial and hyper geometric distributions can be approximated using the normal distribution with the given mean and the sample given the mean and the variance over the random sample. As you more over that the means the c is normally distributed with mean mu and sigma square variance. Then the integrated distribution over the data samples and over the related function pairs of the c hat is approximately normal with mean equal to mu and variance equal to this quantity I have put here. Where q is the mean of q, recall the probability q that the functions are equal over the related function pairs. So the mean is taken over the related function pairs. This formula doesn't appear in the paper. I just I put it here, I put it here in the paper we only considered the special two special cases in the KDIB case. The two special cases are the case of Cypher and the case of the random. In the case of the Cypher mu is equal to zero and also the variance is equal to zero because the difference of the correlations is a constant. And then the c hat is normally distributed by zero mean and variance for bq divided by n where b is sb4 and q also sb4. And for random actually the q is equal to one half and mean mu is equal to zero and sigma square is two to the one minus n. And then the integrated distribution for c hat over the samples and over the random functions is normal distribution with the mean equal to zero and variance equal to two to the one minus n plus two b divided by n times one minus two to the minus n. And we can now look at different cases with replacement we would be equal to one without replacement we would be equal to the constant defined before. And then in the random case from this formula we get this with this formula for replacement and for Cypher two over n assuming that q is equal to one half and without replacement we get two over n for random from this expression. Actually it simplifies to two over n and for the Cypher we get this quantity. So for the Cypher the variance is always slightly smaller and this allows given sufficient amount of plaintext and the related Cypher texts. We can distinguish between the Cypher and the random or wrong key and the right key. Finally discuss a discussion first I want to discuss the role of q. So the q is the average correlation between the bit of a Cypher text computed with key k. And the corresponding bit computed with a related key. It's the average correlation between these two numbers. Sitting q equal to one half means that the related Cypher texts are uncorrelated. So simply sitting q equals one half and with this q equals to one half we get exactly the same distributions as used before. In the previous literature on the by Bogdanov and others and by Röcken Nuber. So the assumption about independence, statistical independence of related key correlations of a linear approximation can now be replaced by a very concrete assumption about uncorrelated Cypher texts under related keys. And moreover this assumption is a very natural one and supposed to be satisfied for modern cyphers which are designed not to have Cypher text only attacks. And particularly if q is different from one half it means that this bit computed from the related Cypher texts is not expected to be balanced. Meaning that it may allow a Cypher text only related key attack if the unbalancedness is really bad. The second issue is the issue of independent samples. Of course we can make the correlations, the two correlations related key correlations independent if we compute them over independently chosen samples. In which case we need two end plate texts. This is always possible, but it will double the number of plain texts we need to do the analysis. With a single sample we need only end plain texts. Of course we need two and oracle calls to get the Cypher texts. In other words with two independent samples we need two end plain text Cypher text pairs. But with a single sample we need n triples of plain text Cypher text computed with one key and Cypher text computed with a related key. So the data requirement is smaller if we can use independent samples. And thanks to our analysis now we know exactly how to handle single sample case. So conclusion. We have revisited statistical premises of related key linear crypt analysis. And shown that the single sample option is legal. We showed how to handle it. We confirmed the model for correlation difference for random functions, which hasn't really been proven before. And we also, which I did not go into the detail in this talk, but in the paper we also discussed extension to multiple linear crypt analysis. And so that it can also work under the assumption that the linear approximations used in this analysis are independent. We also discussed a little bit of extensions to multi dimensional linear crypt analysis, but so some obstacles there. Actually, it looks that the analysis if we want to, it looks quite complicated to handle this issue and therefore it's left for future work. So I wish to thank you for your attention and see you at the conference.


My name is Bella Kaye. I live in New Vic, the Northwest Care Trees, but I'm originally from Fort Macpherson. My parents were Peter, the late Peter Kaye and Mary Kaye. I came from a large family, and there was 12 of us. My parents adopted their first granddaughter, so who should make 13? We take her as a sister. I taught for many years in elementary school, K to grade six, classroom teacher. And then I went into teaching the Gujian language in the year of 1992. And I just retired in 2016, 2015. So I still volunteer around the school whenever they need me, and I'm more than willing to do it. I feel comfortable with the students and teachers and the staff at the school. So tell me, what are you doing out in the tent here? What ages are coming by, and what are you doing? Like every year they have, like in November, they call it a bootleg camp. And it's a traditional camp, like they said, fish net under the ice, beginning to the end, and the children watch. We always make the students figure out how much fish you think we're going to catch today, you know? And as they're pulling the net, the fish, you know, we count and we name the fish in the two languages, in a vowel tune and Gujian, and it's K to six grades. And the camp that is in a new bootleg, it's just walking distance. So it's just day trips. We take one grade in the morning, and we do their activities and stuff like that with them at the camp.  And then in the afternoon, we take another grade out. And it's right till after three, and that's Monday to Friday. Where are you hoping to pass on to these kids when they come to you? OK, what we pass on to the students is we talk about the different types of fish, what the inner vowel and the Gujian people do with them, like year round. Like in the summer, we go to the fish camp and make dry fish for the winter. In the fall and winter, we prepare them for cooking for our meals and other people, the community for the winter. And we show them how to cut it. And we name all the parts of the fish. If we have time, we cook it, and they try it. How do you know the program has been a success? After the program is over, and it takes about maybe a week, I think, or as we start early, we have lessons in the classroom. We ask to kind of review to see if the students remember what we taught them at the camp. And then, seeing that it's going to Christmas time, we get them to make Christmas cards. And they do a really good job. Second question, what does Indigenous education mean to you? What I'm looking, hoping for is in the future, the high school students, they should have courses, like with what they're taught at the camp. And they could be marked that way. And there's so many things that you could be teaching the students, like on the land, the sewing, like making their own slippers, making their own. I know they do it now, but most time it's done for them. And they should be doing, learning to do it on their own. Really pushing the students to get involved with stuff that goes on with the Aboriginal people, like in the communities. This is the way they learn. And they have to try. They have to try in order to know how to do it. And they get better at it as they keep trying. And where do you hope to see Indigenous education go in the next 10 years? I think that the parents, the grandparents, our elders that we have now should be really helping the teachers to do all these traditional teaching. Because in the future, I'm like 72 now. And it kind of bothers me, because I find that we have elders, middle-aged, the youth. Like, I'm always hearing on the radio. I read it in the newspaper and I hear it on CBC. And we should get all our knowledge from the elders. But what about the middle-aged? I really feel strongly the middle-aged is losing out, because they need to learn to do these things and start getting interested in it. And I think that parents are mainly stressing on the parents and grandparents to help the teachers get involved and make it fun for everyone. So that's the end of our interview. Is there anything else you'd like to add? What I'd like to add is I look at myself like I struggle when I went to school. And I know a lot of students do. And they should have some sort of a program for students, especially in the traditional way and in the valued way. Maybe then they'll get interested and like going to school and try harder. And they should make it fun. And they should be kind, really kind to the students. So that way they'll feel better about themselves.