Hello from the National Archives Public Programs and Education staff. My name is Sarah Lyons Davis and I'm an education specialist at the National Archives in New York City. Welcome to the National Archives Comes Alive Young Learners Program. Today we meet James Monroe. James Monroe was a lawyer, US diplomat and founding father from Virginia. James Monroe served as fifth president of the United States from 1817 to 1825. He's best known for his 1823 annual message to Congress wherein he warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere as such interference would be perceived as a threat to the United States. This policy later is referred to as the Monroe Doctrine and it's still in effect today. James Monroe is portrayed by educator and historian James J. G. Harrison III. The National Archives has many records related to James Monroe. This image is from our education specific resource Docs Teach. It shows a page of the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine is the best known US policy toward the Western Hemisphere. Buried in this routine annual message to Congress the Doctrine warned European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs. The Doctrine was conceived to meet major concerns of the moment but it soon became the dominant belief about US policy in the Western Hemisphere. In this copy of the painting we see a rendition of James Monroe as he looked around 1820. This painting was done by Gilbert Stewart artist and painter best known for painting a number of this country's early founders. As a founding father Monroe was known for many other achievements including helping to negotiate the Louisiana Purchase Treaty in 1803. He did this while serving as a diplomat under President Thomas Jefferson. Along with fellow negotiator Robert Livingston he arrived in France to discuss purchase of the Louisiana Territory. On April 30th, 1803 the treaty was signed and the United States purchased 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million. For roughly four cents an acre the United States doubled in size expanding the nation westward. Our programs are brought to you from the National Archives public programs and education team and the National Archives Foundation. You can find information for free teacher and student programs on the National Archives website archives.gov under archives news upcoming events and if you follow the National Archives on social media. Please let us now give a warm welcome to James Monroe. Good morning boys and girls, fellow educators, fellow citizens welcome to the blue room at the president's house better known in the federal city as as the White House today. Also you're in Washington DC for those who are not familiar with the federal city name or moniker. I am Colonel James Monroe and I'm very happy and honored to be in your attendance this morning to tell you a little bit about my life and also about my my career which I have been very fortunate to have had and current opportunities to talk to you about questions you might have and also explain a little bit about latest happenings here in the federal city. Well first off I would like to tell you a little bit about my background and as a young boy growing up in the colony of Virginia I was born on April 28 1758 in the county of Westmoreland. There were five children in our family my older sister Elizabeth my younger brother Spence younger brothers Andrew and Joseph my mother and father Elizabeth Jones and also my father Spence Monroe were a landed gentry in me they were a considerable prominence in the community. We owned about 500 acres of land in Westmoreland County in which we grew corn, tobacco, barley, also raised cattle, oxen and my father was also an accomplished cabinet maker so he was well versed in producing cabinets and furniture around it which were sold throughout the the commonwealth of Virginia which now the colony of Virginia now the commonwealth of Virginia. My childhood was one of exploration and also of education. I was fortunate to grow up in a very wild area where there was not as many other people around the closest neighbors with a Washington family which is about five miles from us didn't know the Washington's personally as they moved away when I was prior to my birth but our family was familiar with them but I had a great opportunity to learn about the natural world around me and also to be well educated through my schooling at a place called Campbelltown Campbelltown Academy in Westmoreland Archibald Campbell was the Scottish instructor who schooled young boys at his school there several miles from my home my home was known as Monroe Hall in Westmoreland County. I went to school at Campbelltown Academy for five years from 1769 to 1774 from about the age of 11 to about the age of 16 and I studied things that you might be familiar with the romance languages Latin mathematics science one of my classmates was the esteemed John Marshall. He actually moved temporarily down to Westmoreland because he was born in Faulkier County quite a distance away from Westmoreland County and to attend that prestigious school there alongside me so for about 11 weeks each year we attended school and I was raised with books and learning much about the outside world but not traveling too far a field from my home known as again Monroe Hall and Monrovia the opportunities there also provided me because of the timing an opportunity to learn a little bit more about my fathers and my father's beliefs at the age of seven going on eight I was party to his being involved in the Leeds Town Resolves. Leeds Town Resolves were a protest that took place in 1766 in opposition to the 1765 Stamp Act which was the first instance of Great Britain our mother country taxing our nation without representation and there was a great cry on the colonists and one of the first protests took place in nearby King George County where my father schooled me at the young age of seven going on eight in the ways of civil disobedience protesting respectfully that we have a disagreement and we're not happy about it but not being violent and that was an important milestone in my young life something that carried through my entire life and I still reminisce about that and how it's affected my life to date unfortunately in 1772 with the death of my mother at a young age of 43 and then the death of my father a few years later in 1774 at the age of 47 our family no longer had parents and so we were very fortunate that my paternal great uncle Judge Joseph Jones or Fredericksburg a very esteemed judge and jurist came to take care of the family basically to take in the family my sister had by by the time had married but my youngest brother had died after one year Spence Monroe the other three boys myself Joseph and Andrew were taken in by Judge Joseph Jones and raised and at the age of 16 and 1774 I was enrolled at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg Virginia on the eve of the American Revolution so this is a very chaotic somewhat exciting exhilarating time for a young boy who had not been away from his home county to travel some hundred miles plus to Williamsburg which was the colonial capital of Virginia and to be around all the news buzzing about impending possible hostilities with Great Britain over taxation of that representation it seemed like we were heading to war and that was a very busy time in terms of being might be involved now as a student but also witnessing the unfolding events leading to eventually our independence our nation's independence from Great Britain well and as a student I was very involved not only in attending classes there but also being party to the information being shared about the growing disagreement between the 13 American colonies and Great Britain in 1775 and June of that year just two months after the opening conflict of the American Revolution which is the battle of Lexington and Concord 24 young men including myself and captained by a gentleman named Theodoric Bland decided to take upon ourselves to raid the home of the of the governor of Virginia Lord the royal governor Lord Dunmore who had vacated what is known as the governor's palace and he had fled for his own safety and the safety of his family we decided to raid the palace because there was a stock of arms and munitions there that we wanted to put in the hands of the colonial militia for safekeeping so we raided the governor's palace and took 230 muskets 301 swords about 18 pistols and transferred them to the nearby gun powder magazine for safekeeping that was my first instance being involved with an event associated with what came to be going is the American Revolution well by the early part of 1776 with war definitely now at play in the 13 colonies the College of William and Mary were shuttered or closed to students and I went home and I decided to enlist in the third Virginia regiment of the continental line and that took me from my childhood and also my studies a way to be part of in an effort to free ourselves from a tyrannical monarchy being great Britain so with the third Virginia regiment I marched off to war towards New York and over the course of the war I was involved in six major campaigns three of those campaigns took place in 1776 they were the battle of Harlem Heights White Plains and Trenton and about Trenton I was seriously wounded receiving a musket ball from a Hessian mercenary in my left shoulder I still carry that musket ball in my shoulder to this day it could not be removed but I healed and survived thankfully to two gentlemen who were instrumental and say to me one was a freed black man named John Sidebottom who rescued me from my wounding and transferred me to the safety of Dr. John Riker a local doctor who staunched the blood flow saved my life and I went on to recuperate I was awarded eventually a captaincy and also became a major in the continental line under Lord Sterling and participated in battles in 1777 after my recovery notably the battles of Brandywine and the battles of battle of Germantown both of those battles having taken place in Pennsylvania my last battle I participated as a member as a soldier in the American continental line was the battle of Mammoth courthouse in 1778 at the end of 1778 I decided to forego my commission in the continental army and returned to Virginia where I was awarded by Governor Jefferson with a commission with the state line specifically the Virginia Garrison Regiment a group of men was designated to protect the capital at Williamsburg and also the lower James River Valley area from possible British invasion after that time in 1780 I was awarded opportunity to serve under Jefferson as military commissioner to the southern army where I basically went out and and viewed the movements of British troops in North Carolina and relayed that information back through a series of messengers by horseback all the way to Richmond Virginia where the capital originally eventually moved to to Governor Jefferson so Jefferson would know what movements the British army weren't taken if they were headed to Virginia or not so that was instrumental to keeping Governor Jefferson informed of a possible British invasion directly into Virginia and 17 later in 1780 also served a local militia unit and that brought to close pretty much my entire five years of my involvement with the American Revolution I had sought my own command but late in the war with so many men already serving there were so few individuals that are either of age or of health to serve further in a new regiment that I was unable to relate raise my own regiment and take over as a leader in the field so that was a big disappointment to me but I persevered and moved on and began to read law under Governor Jefferson first in Williamsburg prior to 1780 and 1780 when the capital of Virginia was moved from Williamsburg to Richmond I followed Jefferson to Richmond and continue my legal readings of law at that time you read the law under an established or seasoned practitioner of the law an attorney that could help you and Jefferson is all we all know was was an expert in the law and it was a great help to me and my career so moving on from my involvement in the American Revolution I never forgot the sacrifices of the men and both citizens soldiers and and those serving as professional soldiers and those that may have lost their lives that contributed to the ultimate victory the obtaining of independence from Great Britain that was so important to our young nation so from that point moving into my professional career I pursued after leaving military rank I was in the kind of a congress for three years and also began a succession very fortunate succession of election elected positions appointed positions and ultimately the position I hold today serving our great nation I'll tell you a little bit about those and just to give you a background on how I have moved through my career I served following my continental line excuse me my continental congress work in New York with moving my family to Fredericksburg Virginia where I became a practicing attorney and also was a member of the Fredericksburg Common Council here in the town of Fredericksburg I became a delegate on the to the Virginia House of Delegates I served the Virginia constitutional ratification committee I also became a U.S. Senator over time also appointed to minister to France England and Spain as well I was appointed Secretary of State and also Secretary of War I held to those two positions at one point simultaneously under President Madison I also under President Jefferson was sent to as our wonderful introduction was made about my involvement with the the enlarging of our country through Louisiana Purchase more than doubling the size of our nation in 1803 helped negotiate Robert Livingston for the purchase of those many acres for those few cents on the dollar and in fact increasing our nation exponentially in size I also served eventually in 1817 I was elected president and I've served by first term I'm well into my second term as a matter of fact I have about 15 months left before I call my term comes to an end and there's a new president put in place so right now there's a lot of debate going on because there are five there are five candidates that are seeking possible candidates seeking election as the sixth president of the United States of America and those include John Calhoun the secretary of war William Crawford the secretary of the Treasury former general Andrew Jackson who's a senator from Tennessee also John Quincy Adams secretary of state and Henry Clay speaker of the House of Representatives the party to which they to which I belong the Democratic Republicans is in a as in a KX spell right now because of possible fracturing because of concerns about the direction of the party and those five gentlemen again are buying for an opportunity to possibly be the next president which will election will take place in later next year in 18 late 1824 so here we are in we're now in December 14 1823 what are some of the things that I've been involved with that have hopefully made a difference I've tried my best the last six and a half years here as your fifth president I will tell you that we've taken from our last six the last few years through a period of prosperity coined the air of good feelings by a Boston publicist of a newspaper back when I was making the rounds to acquaint myself with the various sections of our young nation as you know the very few people have the opportunity to to meet the president of the United States because we don't travel that often but I made an effort to meet my constituents in the northern part of our nation also in the Chesapeake region and also the southern part of the country to familiarize the citizens who voted and those who didn't vote for me with what I was about who I look like and you know what I represented in terms of my policy proposals and ideas for the continued development and growth economically and physically as a young nation so during that time of my travels in Boston, Massachusetts a newspaper publicist coined the term era of good feelings because we were at a relatively good time in our nation's history where there was peace and prosperity that would soon come apart in 1819 with the financial panic that lasted about three years but we were covered and now we're here four years later and we're doing well as a nation but some of the things that took place that I'm particularly concerned about again the westward expansion of our nation is important in terms of transportation improvements by a steamboat canal passage by the construction of national roads or improved roadways to get our citizens from one point to another because we have so many unimproved roads that during bad weather are almost passable to make it from one town village or city to another so that's very important to me as well during the course of my presidency there have been five new states that have been admitted into our union so we've grown quite a bit we've admitted Mississippi Illinois, Alabama, Maine and Missouri we've also seen some difficulties including sexualism sexualism refers to favoring one area's region over the good old nation and we've had concerns between the farming south versus the manufacturing north as a matter of fact it all came to a head in 1820 with what's referred to as the Missouri compromise a document that we were able to create to help placate concerns about representation in Congress of those southern states owning enslaved people versus the manufacturing north and we had a new state coming on board the union that was Missouri and it was concerns that if Missouri was admitted to the union without a reciprocal or another state to balance it that the balance of power would be in the favor of slave states versus those who own slaves in those states versus those in states that did not own slaves so it was an important moment in our country's history to rectify the possible military strike a possible civil war if you will in 1820 and we were able to avert that through this compromise called the Missouri compromise so basically from when Missouri was admitted into the union as a slave state Maine was admitted into the union as a free state so the balance of power of Maine equal and from the 36 and a half parallel which is a measurement of actually it's a circle of latitude excuse me from the bottom of Missouri heading west anything below that latitude would be considered a potential slave state or territory for slave states and anything above that 36 and a half degree parallel would be considered territory for free state states in the future so that was a time that was very very critical to to work through and to resolve I do believe this issue is not complete resolved and that the sectional differences between these two parts of our nation will come into play again unfortunately in the future I'm hoping I'm wrong about that but I do know that the two sides are not still in odds and we're somewhat well stand still right now and hopefully that that level heads will prevail in the future and that rational people will work these continuing disagreements out just a few days ago about 12 days ago as a matter of fact on December 2nd 1823 I presented my 7th annual message to Congress a message that dealt with an important matter here to both those living in the Americas those living in the United States and our concerns for our nation's safety and that the 7th annual message to Congress was worked upon by members of my cabinet in particular John Quincy Adams the secretary of state there are three main components to the 7th annual message to Congress that I articulated and the first one which was the contribution of John Quincy Adams was that there were to be no further colonization by any European powers in the Western Hemisphere and as you know the Western Hemisphere is composed of those three major sections of the Americas the other two components of the 7th annual message to Congress were that there was to be no American interference with European matters abroad and the third component was that they're recognized two separate spheres of influence the Americas containing in the in the Western Hemisphere and the Eastern Hemisphere containing the European nations so as we all know in our time it takes about 30 days on average for news to make it to nations across the Atlantic Ocean so we're waiting to see the response from the European nations and also our neighbors to the South and Central and South America the 7th message to Congress is designed to respect the emerging former Spanish colonies in South America that are now independent republics and also to state to Europe that any European interference by European nations in the Americas in particular South America would be considered a threat to the safety of the United States so remains to be seen what happens with that as we go forward in the future but I will say that I'm very content based on the involvement of my cabinet members and collectively we have put together a policy that will help our young nation from a safety standpoint and also for us to grow economically and be respected in the great global world that we are part of and with that those are my initial comments I look forward to hearing more from you all well thank you so much I you have had quite the impressive career and been around for so many interesting parts of early American history so thank you for sharing that it's so fascinating to hear about your work in the White House and Congress I was hoping you'd have time for some questions from us certainly I'll be happy to entertain any questions wonderful a question we have is were you friends with any of the other founding fathers yes I absolutely in particular George Washington our first president of the United States as a young 17-year-old who had enlisted in the Thurbridge New Regiment in the Continental Line I was very taken by his leadership and command of our collective efforts to hopefully achieve American independence which we did through some very very difficult times and for those who are not familiar our army at the time was an unprofessional non-trained army made up of citizen soldiers that needed to have the opportunity to grow under Washington's leadership and through his subordinates and through the efforts of the French who came to serve as our allies during the war we were able to put together the military might in order to conquer what was then the greatest army on the earth Great Britain's army at the time and so Washington's leadership is his the aura around him on just his words his wisdom as we're very very moving to a young man like myself and I never forgot those those times serving under he and his subordinates during the American Revolution I also became great friends with Thomas Jefferson our third president as well as I mentioned during my earlier remarks during in 1780 when I had left prior to that I had left the kind of army and and become assigned to the Virginia Garrison Regiment in Williamsburg and I got a chance to to become involved as a friend and get to know Jefferson I had met him actually in in 1774 along with Washington when I was first welcome to Williamsburg as a student my uncle just Joseph Jones introduced me to both Washington and Jefferson at that time so I and have been introduced to them but I didn't know them well not until 1780 did become well acquainted with Jefferson and he gave me the opportunity to read the law under him because again that is how you become an attorney you read the law under an established practitioner of the same and you go on to your career from there so Jefferson was a great importance to me and also just a worldly man a man ahead of his times in so many different areas not only law but politics but science as well and he was so versed in so many fields it was almost hard to to keep up with him because of his passions for all these things but his passion for these various subjects and topics made their way to me and I became equally not equal to him but equally enthused by pursuing study of the same in some respect so I owe much to to Jefferson I also met president the fourth president of the United States James Madison I met him when I served the Continental Congress and we actually ran against each other in 1789 for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives Madison won that election by 322 votes I made it I made it sort of a run for the seat but Madison secured the victory but regardless of that competition for that seat we became the best of friends his his mentoring of me just like Jefferson in the ways of the world the ways of politics the ways of law the ways of working as a public servant and doing the due diligence to to effect change and also to to take care of our constituents as elected representatives were important to me we had a minor rift between 1808 and 1810 but we worked that out and like Jefferson like Madison we have our still lifelong friends and I'm I'm so grateful for their friendship and for all they've done to further my career without their involvement I wouldn't be here as president of the United States so I owe much to those two gentlemen so interesting thank you speaking of your career and your accomplishments what would you say is your proudest accomplishment both in life and in your career my proudest accomplishment in my life is meeting the love of my life Elizabeth court right of New York and I am blessed that she accepted my offer of marriage and she became my wife we have a lovely family I'm proud and devoted to them Eliza my oldest daughter and Mariah Hester my youngest daughter we did have a young son James Spence who unfortunately passed away after at the age of about a year and a half and 1800 that was a great lost our family but our family is very very close without the support of my family again I would not be as well here serving our nation and that is that my proudest life accomplishment I would say my proudest accomplishment as a public servant and that's that's a close one I would say because of the direct impact to the future of our nation helping stave off possible a possible civil war in 1820 through the creation of the Missouri compromise again a compromise not solving the problem ultimately but putting off a possible conflict between north and south where our nation could have been split apart I think that would is my proudest accomplishment at this point in time and I appreciate that question I I've worked hard but I think that was the most trying time in my career especially as president with military um strike possibly on the horizon and thankfully we were able to prevent that at that time that's so interesting to hear um on the kind of other side of that if I might ask did you have did you have disappointments along the way professionally and what would you consider your greatest disappointment in your career yes wonderful question we are all human beings we have disappointments invariably in our lives my greatest disappointment one I would say my greatest point would be actually the loss of my friendship with general Georgia Washington the first president of the United States and some of you may not know about this but I was appointed um minister to France and I was sent to to France to help mitigate the relationship between or actually maintain the neutrality if I may correct myself between the nations of France and England in respect to the United States at that time the jay treaty had been executed by John Jay a diplomat sent to England to hopefully ward off war with Great Britain a second time and as a result of that treaty I was sent to France because France had been our ally during the American Revolution and now France and England were fighting and we wanted as a nation to maintain our neutrality to be able to to grow and respect other nations but let the affairs of Europe hopefully play out on their own and we didn't want to be involved our nation didn't want to be involved well my instructions from Washington were to maintain that neutrality I was not allowed to divulge the details of the jay treaty again the treaty between the United States and Great Britain regarding um you know a peace treaty of sorts to keep war from happening between those two nations but the French felt like and I'm very very pleased that they were happy with my being there but they felt that I was had been power had been removed from my position because I was not able to help them and there were those in with Washington's administration in particular Tiffany Pickering who were talking in Washington's ear and saying Monroe's getting too close to the French he favors them because they fought with us as allies and we think that he's perhaps trying to undermine the neutrality I was not trying to undermine the neutrality at all but maintain our relationship with France at the same time respecting the fact that there had been a treaty executed between United States and Great Britain to prevent war between the United States and Great Britain so I was recalled from my position as minister to France back to the United States in 1797 and Washington was not very kind to me in his remarks and I published a 500 page pamphlet defending my actions to the T of what I had been instructed to do and accomplished as minister to France unfortunately that created um a rift in our friendship and I regret that I regret the fact that our friendship can't par I stand my ground on my position I do if I go back in time um we all know Washington passed away in 1799 I would uh it would be again I'm not able to do that but I would like to mend somehow somehow some way men a relationship because he was a father figure to me during the American Revolution I respected him and still do he was a great man a great president he did so much for our nation but our friendship fell apart it's as sad as me and it still bothers me to say well thank you for answering that question so candidly and really giving us a window into those um intricacies of these delicate negotiations very interesting to hear thank you and I understand your second term as fifth president of the United States of America will be ending in March 1825 what are your plans for these last 15 months of your administration when you leave office well you see me smiling because I I must admit I am somewhat excited about the possibility the two terms as president is enough and I am committed my last 15 months to fulfilling hopefully um negotiations and further efforts related to that seventh annual message to congress related to protecting western hemisphere from the eastern hemisphere and european nations but also increasing opportunities for increased aid and in partnership with other nations but at the same time respecting the safety of the United States I'm really interested in 1824 because we have a special guest coming to the United States and that guest is the marquis de lafayette journal off yet america's greatest french friend so to speak who will be returning for a year-long anniversary tour states in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the american revolution and I presented I presented to congress the invitation and the invitations extend marquis and he will be joining us in 1824 we're excited about that opportunity but in the meantime there are things pressing on the table ongoing deliberations with our indian brothers and sisters here in the united states the nations that are um indian nations of great concern to me um they're wherewithal I've executed a number of treaties in my administration respecting educating those nations um providing opportunities to educate them and providing opportunities to protect their their landholdings where they currently reside today I'm also interested in continuing efforts to improve our transportation networks throughout the western and also the eastern part of the united states and also growing opportunities in this new territory the louisiana territory that we purchased from france so those are um the things I'm thinking about now that I want to bring to closure opportunities to um through legislation through policies through executive acts legislation to effect change and to make our nation better I will also say that I look forward in march early march of 1825 when my term ends I do intend to retire with my family to our oak hill estate in loudon county if you're familiar with um virginia that's just south of leesburg the town of leesburg virginia I own about 1,000 acres there and I'm very excited about pursuing actively farming of that land I own another farm in almore county highland which unfortunately because of the lack of my absence and through the lack of um the best managers of the farm that farm has not been very successful and it disappoints me I I I'm the ultimate responsibility for the success um agriculture that of that fine fine farm that I hold near and dear to me but I have not been a good farmer and that resides with me and I'm hoping to become a better farmer beginning in 1825 and spending more time with my family and getting to low our local citizens in loudon county as a permanent residence of loudon county so I'm very very um grateful for your for that question and thank you for asking it I'm sure the time will pass by quickly and I'll be out of office and will wish my successor godspeed well and we have one final question for you today what advice do you as james munro have for young people today several several points come to mind first continue your education education equates to knowledge and knowledge is power that will enable you to continue on your life's journey with much success so please study hard work hard and you'll be the beneficiaries of success in your life secondly seeking out constructive criticism from others and their feedback is important make sure you listen well thoroughly and fully to what they have to say before you respond to them sometimes those responses you sometimes those criticisms might bother you but it's you've asked the question you wanted feedback and sometimes there is good and bad with that but listen fully and give people the opportunity courtesy to listen to them fully and then respond in a respectful manner that's basic etiquette be nice be kind be respectful to your peers even if you disagree with them because our our lives are about on different beliefs different opinions and no matter what we do in our life we want to encounter that so i will tell you that as a member as your president the president i solicit input from my cabinet members often and i give them every courtesy by listening fully to what they have to say about specific topic a piece of legislation and act of congress what have you to get their opinions so that i can be better informed and then be able to respond to what they've said and that's something that's been passed on to me by my elders and mentors as well well thank you so much for sharing all of this wonderful information and this great advice with us and our viewers and now take one last look at the docs teach educational activity related to the Monroe Doctrine the US foreign policy still in effect and it turns 200 years old this year so thank you all i hope you can join us next month for our young learners program with deba samson patriot of the american revolution thank you for participating in our program today


Soccer talent started in Kibera Slums at KEG Church in Olympic Estate. It has since then evolved into the best talent-natering academy in Kenya, currently training at Kenya Science. The academy is comprised of all types of kids and youths. According to soccer talent coach Glider Swani, who has mentored several stars now with the national team Arambi Stars like Jesse Were, David Chetche among others, the initiative is the beginning of a journey that will see his outfit contributing to growth of football nationally. Soccer talent started in 2013. My idea was to put those kids together, I nurture them, at least I improve their skills. I realise that in soccer we have to start in a tender age. When they are growing you improve their basics training. I've nurtured some players who have been in the national team, some of them are in the national team and they have been supporting me. Some of them are like Jesse Were, some of them are like Chetche, some of them are like Eddie Lovatsa, some of them are like Sad Musa. They have been there all the time when I need them and I'm happy with that. The academy, whose product Kevin Maniasi is in the Kenya under 15 team that participated in Mediterranean International Cup under 16 tournament in Spain, narrates about his experience with the junior stars. I started playing football officially when I was four years old. I love football because I enjoy playing it and it's a team sport so it involves many players and you get to interact with other people outside of the country and locally as well. It's been good getting to know other people, seeing why you can improve in your talent and also getting to interact with people and being able to represent your country most of all. So it's been a good experience. Maniasi who draws his inspiration from Kenyan captain Victor Onyama in Barcelona star Lionel Messi is a former student at Stradmo and very happy with his parents due to much needed support they have given him pursue his passion in sport, adding that from the progress of both academies and on the pitch, the future is extremely bright. Victor Onyama, like just inspired by him, he's been able to represent both his country and also play in Europe and he's also a good player. He's very disciplined as it's both on and off the pitch and he plays good football, yes, internationally, Lionel Messi. Both character and the way he's playing because, okay, I play in the same position as Lionel Messi so it's easier for me to relate to him than Cristiano Ronaldo if it's, yeah. It's been tremendous because my father was the one who enrolled me in a football club when I was four years old and both my parents come to watch my games and they also support me by helping me balance between my football and my schoolwork. With 2019 half-con around the corner and team selection proving to be a dilemma for Rambista's tactician Sebastian Mignet, Glider's called upon the Frenchman to consider one of his former products, Werri, who plays his trade in Zambia with Zesco United for plays in his final 23-months' court that will do duty in Egypt meet this year, adding his partnership with Michael Lunga Front will solve the goal-scoring problems for Kenya. Personally, the way he's performing in Zesco, I've been scoring goals and the Zesco Federation on a league has been scoring easy on form so on my side I was thinking if it can be included the national team to Egypt. I always encourage him just to keep working hard and then every coach has his philosophy so don't lose up just keep working hard. But on my side I see it's supposed to be the national team, it's supposed to go to Egypt. Personally in the country that's the best striking partner we have Zesco and Michael Lunga. Kibra has managed to produce a few players in the Kenya Premier League with only Erika Uma featuring in Europe and Aswani has attributed this capacity to various factors such as poor facilities, slam pressure and poverty. I think on my side I can say it's a lack of facility in Kibra and it's all about poverty. I think even some kids who are in poverty situation whereby they don't have boots, maybe there's no dinner, maybe there's no breakfast but we coaches in Kibra we try our best to put them together as long as even if there's poverty but we always try to support their parents, we can't ask coaches in Kibra. So I think very soon some of our players will be in KPL, others will be in Europe no problem. Started as Olympic strikers in the late 90s, a period in which some of the current Kenyan stars were very young, Olympic strikers then became Olympic talented, boosting the best young talent at the time and Aswani says better plans are in the offering with several friendlies and international competitions lined up for the academy. In Bulgaria I already have an invitation letter from them and then about the funding, parents are the ones who are going to fund our children and then about the teams who are going we have soccer talent, we have a team from Nigeria, we have a Ligindogo from Kenya and then we have a team from South Africa, those academies from South Africa like Kaiser Chiefs, the under 13s are going, we have a team from Tanzania, future stars are going. Soccer talent academy are the new 2019 under 15 champions of the second edition of Rausha Kipajikap after beating Nakuru Academy 1-0 and they also won the 2018 edition of the annual Chibkezi Cup. Last week we won in Rausha Nakuru we won under 15 and in August we are going to Bulgaria tournament soccer talent and then in December we are going to Dubai and then we go to Tanzania, Rausha.


Community Matter is here in a given Thursday. I'm Jay Fiedel. This is ThinkTech and the magic word of the day is Brad Coates That's two words, but yeah Close enough Brad's an attorney here in Pioneer Plaza But Brad has been involved in metronomial law since I think it was 1450 or so some like that Pleistocene age and his firm is really big on the scene of metronomial law But Brad is also a philosopher and and Brad is a what I'm gonna call a social social commentator. Is it fair? Well, I turned I turned into that to some degree.  This is that that's the book Can we look at that book? Can we get it covered? Yeah, that's a really interesting book and these discussions that we have are really interesting so today we're going to talk about cohabitation as an alternative to marriage and You know, I guess one of the reasons we should talk about that is it's gaining momentum over over our lifetimes and probably even quicker now They have numbers on it. Do we know how many people are cohabiting instead of getting married? I don't know if I've got the exact numbers of that, but I can tell you that cohabitation has just taken off like crazy you know it's it's And it's not just cohabitation. It's basically all the different Alternate approaches to what used to be known as the nuclear family But you know when you and you when you and I grew up in the in the good old 1950s a mere four million people lived alone 1950 only four million people lived alone everybody else lived in nuclear families extended families whatever only about nine percent of households were single You know loners nowadays according to the 2011 census people who live alone are now 33 million Americans that makes up 28% of all US households. So people are living alone people are living in in and you know cohabitation, you know living together with it with with Their quote life partner. You don't have to get married anymore. You can just declare your life partner I mean thinking how much of a change that is used to be That in order to qualify for benefits pension health insurance stuff like that You had to be somebody's spouse if you wanted spousal benefits now You can just fill in say life partner and bang you get all the same benefits. So, you know, why bother to get married? Let me ask you a normative question, which you know, it's in my mind. It keeps popping up given the numbers and the change Good thing for the country Nobody knows nobody. No, I mean, it's definitely the thing. It's it's what's gonna keep happening I mean, you know Bradcoats and J. Fredell are not gonna start or stop it or have much of an impact on it All we can do is dissect it a little bit, but obviously if you get a situation where This is happening so exponentially and so fast It's almost like smoking before the surgeons general report came out and said hey, this is dangerous I mean, you know, we're we're embarking on half, you know 40 to 50 percent of all the kids in the country are now being born out of wedlock 50 percent for women under 30 40 percent nationwide. That's not good. Well, you know, it doesn't seem good If you're born into a marriage, then people are feel whether it's obligated or whether it's the right the correct conclusion or not People feel obligated to take care of you. I mean the marriage sort of calls on you to do that and society called on you to do it And if you're not married and you have a kid at a wedlock, it's not the same thing Is it and and that kid has it stands a much better chance of being You know with only one of his parents or none of his parents Yeah, well, and I do have some stats on that just so we don't sound like old fogies commenting I mean, you know it now less than one half of all American Children live in traditional intact nuclear families less than half of the kids We're the now the world's leader in fatherless families here in America just over 40 percent of America's children do not live with their biological fathers Meanwhile, and this is an amazing statistic Every time a new partner rotates in or out of a parent's life So you got a single mom was dating single dad is dating his secretary instead of his Movies coming out of Hollywood half of them. That's exactly and they almost endorse all that Yeah, so but the adolescent kids problems increased by 12 percent every time you bring in a new partner Interesting, so mom comes home and says, you know, hey John you're gonna you're gonna love my new partner Melvin and You know John doesn't love Melvin He kind of misses his dad and he starts acting out and after Melvin comes You know Martin and after Martin comes, you know Michael and whatever and that's just the end Yeah, so it's a profile in literature. It's a it's the angry kid the kid out of control Who says to this person who comes into the the household? You're not my dad. Yeah, there it is and and by definition. He's ticked off. Yeah, that's right and what you have now is a million children a year being affected by divorce and Then the question is, you know, how's that? How's that? What's the ripple effect of that? There's a there's a lady psychologist Sociologist named dr. Judith Wallerstein She did a famous follow-up study on the children of divorce and she went back and interviewed these kids One of your 30 years after they're no longer kids after their parents divorce and said, you know How did your parents divorce affect you and across the board? They hated it only one in ten said they felt any sense of relief after their parents divorce Otherwise, they would have rather their parents had stayed together and fought, you know Yeah, it's always what the parents say because they feel like it's good for them You know, dad wants to run off with his secretary or mom or their personal trainer or whatever So because it's you know, it seems like a positive thing for the parent they transpose it to think well This would be good for the kids. They didn't want to hear me and then dad fight all the time Yeah, it's something really selfish about it It's totally selfish and they had the and the kids would have rather heard the parents stay together and fight Then lose them either one. I don't want to lose either parent I would like to examine with you, you know the causations here There are multiple causations and try to figure out what has caused this and what will be causing, you know An increase later, which I believe will happen.    Yeah, there's no matrimony What about Lee Marvin? Is he around is he alive? Is he with us? I mean other claims possible in a non marital household on Hawaii We don't have common law marriage and we don't have we don't have that sort of a claim you would have to have You know some sort of an independent contractual problem to say that it say you were joint tenants in a house You're writing to yeah Yeah, and so it's not just living with somebody does not give you not give you rights in their and their property Although ironically if you've been married five years, but you live together five years before that Sometimes they'll bootstrap on the prior period of cohabitation, but just cohabitation alone does not does not do it So the but you gave stats already doesn't this affect your practice the number you you can't have as many divorces If you don't have as many marriages And I'm fortunately I'm almost as old as you are and I'm gonna be retiring before too long So it's not no, but it is definitely it is definitely a problem problem for divorce lawyers You know and automation may be a problem for lawyers period, but definitely The front end of the pipeline and people are always saying, you know, you know, how's the divorce business? It's really how's the marriage business? It's the front end of the pipeline that you know because we're the cooks and fry firm is well known We're you know, we're gonna have plenty of business if there's people getting to work What happens it gets replaced by other areas paternity paternity calendar for kids born out of wedlock is expanding Exponentially the domestic abuse calendar is expanding exponentially Because again stuff like we talked about, you know Society and religion and you know, you know contemporary social groupings, you know frowned on you know You know people men beating on women, you know, and it kind of rained it in Now, you know, if everybody just sort of living together and nobody even knows who's married or who's a real couple anymore Anyway, and the neighbors don't are exactly sure who's coming and going and you know There's less of those kind of factors raining it in so so and and there's other factors that are causing the increase in domestic violence And and the increase in recognizing domestic violence When you say violence you mean criminal violence that goes to the criminal court Well, it goes it goes to the TRO courts ever restraining order first you get restraining orders against people Yeah, and sometimes that gets abused because that gets used in in custody cases because you want to get a leg up in custody In order to avoid with otherwise otherwise the court has a predilection for joint joint custody and people who don't like that sometimes file TROs and people are getting hit for real file TROs. So that's expanded tremendously I hire criminal prosecutor former prosecutors and public defenders from my firm now Really because they have so much experience in the area. Yeah, exactly.  How did a family living together with a child and all that get into abuse? It's like it's like, you know in my day and our day. This just didn't happen Yeah, you know, it was it was hideous to even think about it. Yeah, it happens much more regularly now and it happens here in the land of aloha Yeah, it's pretty common actually it's it's common amongst the military is common amongst some of the ethnic groups It's not it's not at all unusual in your way. Let's talk about the factors Let's talk about, you know all the causation factors and how they where they come from how they have grown What causes them and how they work together, you know, how they interact to provide a You know a troubled stew so to speak Well, what we're gonna have going forward is we're gonna have a new uncharted territory where the traditional nuclear family is far less prevalent and Other stuff's gonna spring up in its place and we don't know how that how that's gonna work. I mean gay marriage great You know, I mean great for the participants for everybody. Let's get to live the life They want but it's a great for procreation and then continuing society, you know, that's again That's a sort of a jump ball. Nobody's nobody's really got the answers to any of these kind of questions There's a lot of marriage killer factors that I can just go right through them It's it's it's I know you like to be a little more freestyle and you can stop me whatever you like I do indeed, but the you know the internet has created more options for more partners There's no need to settle on matching matching match dot com all that stuff So why get married if you can find a new partner on the internet in 10 minutes? You know the other thing I'd like to add to that and maybe you can comment on it Is it's not only that you can find a new partner in 10 minutes with these matching, you know Matching sites and matching technology you can lose the partner in 10 minutes to good play I mean, you know the big underlying statement there is it comes and goes because as fast as you can find partner a You can find a replacement in partner b same way So that works in favor of shorter term revolving Relationships and the accompanying mindset that goes with that rather than longer term committed very little relationships.  He's in my black book. How does that affect?  Is that what you're talking about? Well, that seems to be what the millennials in particular seem to be headed that way Ibronically our generation had more sex Than some of these subsequent generations that will quantitative quality and quantitatively But the the millennials seem to like the hookup approach and the you know in the sex without without commitment sort of thing And then you know then they find the right ones There's all kinds of theoretically. I mean theoretically. It's not clear exactly how Finding the right one is affected by sex without commitment for a period of time And by the way, I just just just was a footnote.  Well, that's been that's not just for you That's traceable I mean all the all the sex therapists will tell you that the more you know your partner's body and the more Comfortable you are in that situation the better sex is going to be. Yeah, so there's no question about that Another marriage killer factor religion, you know religion was you know a major major cornerstone of America It's our marriage was essentially a religious institution, but now everybody's tracking the decline of religion You know atheism is atheism and and agnosticism way up, you know Catholicism way down And Europe including Europe right you just took a trip. That's right You must have seen the same thing where people do not show up in church Religion is not as beautiful cathedrals with nobody empty all the time empty. Yeah. Yeah, no another factor recession Millennials grew up right during the throws of the recession They've had there's some amazing statistics on millennials here that I've got that is kind of a Deviation but this is astounding when I I love statistics, and I mean I'm always doing these new books so millennials suffered a 68% drop in real net worth from 1984 to 2009 and 24% of 18 to 30 year olds and moved back in with their parents at least wants to save cash the old go live in your parents garage thing The average net worth of the average millennial is below $8,000 you imagine a net worth below $8,000 Incredible it's okay. If your parents are putting the food on the table. Yeah, I guess but yeah student debt now 1.6 trillion It's just it's been really really tough for these millennials So they can't they can't even afford to you know take a girl out to dinner much You know for maybe for anything other than pizza get her a pay. Yeah And you know much less and you know have a home or a car to a driver to or a car to start to family Or you know buy a home, you know, they're they're out of lock on a lot of this stuff And let me add that you know cars seem to be the first priority rather than the home Maybe it's always been thus, you know, but you find I find these young people They'll spend an incredible amount of money on a fancy car, but they won't think about buying a home Yeah, it's just out of their reach and out of their thought process home owners It's out of the out of the out of the spectrum for a lot of a lot of it was always hard in Hawaii It's always hard brutal in a way harder now. Absolutely in brood The other one of the other big factors is the rise of what I call the she economy And I've talked about this on your shows before the rapid rise in education career and monetary advancement for women Which makes them far less dependent on men The widens the gender gap I mean it used to be that you know that each gender knew what they were doing now that women are out earning the men and And taking charge of their own lives the major change for women is that they now You know want to marry out of love Instead of instead of out of necessity used to be that you know, dad was the only one bringing home the paycheck mom was raising the kids You know wife and even a happy wife couldn't get away because she because she didn't have the financial resources to do it upside down Now the women are out earning the guys half the time. Yeah, they're getting more advanced degrees in college and then and then in Higher degree higher education. Yeah, there's more female lawyers and doctors coming out I mean the women are smarter to support their husbands. Yeah, who become mr. Mom. Yeah, I mean frequently I know a number of families where that is that's actually the good thing is when guys get in touch You know more in touch with their parenting skills and do that of course That's that's positive But it's again. It's a major change and it certainly allows women the ability to cut and run They didn't used to have in the 1950s or 1960s, right? And it's interesting to note that it from a divorce lawyer's perspective women file two-thirds of all divorces and Not only in Hawaii, but in the u.s. They said change was it something else before it's been pretty consistent And they may now be going up But it's always the women that seem to be the most dissatisfied guys Will stay in even a bad marriage as long as they're getting fed regularly as long as they get sitting there lazy boy Louder and watch sports or you know that to them. That's a good marriage where whereas women want this bizarre concept of communication whatever They want you know, they want to be able to do another show in that way exactly Yeah, so even the marital institution the marital relationship or you know the cohabitation relationship It's different now because of the economics because you don't necessarily find this dependence by women As a matter of fact, you might find dependence by men about that.  It's going to be on the final exam It's a very important point. Well when I do a divorce for a 60 year old 50 or 60 year old guy First thing he wants to know is you know, where can I find a new wife?   Maybe yes But once they've had the kids and gotten what you know, they're biological determinative out of the way Then putting up with guys is tough. So so they file for two-thirds of the divorces They don't remarry nearly as fast Women are much more self-sufficient. They've got social groupings That start way way earlier, you know everything from the junior league and the pta and the sororities and the book clubs And you know women have women friends Guys friends are basically made through team sports when they're going through college or the fraternity house Or their office environment that you know, the junior partner wanting to become not the same thing And then all of a sudden the guy turns 50 or 60 years old and he looks around and other than his golfing buddies He doesn't you know, he doesn't have any social network at all So guys have got to get with the program. That's really true. Yeah Yeah, so I mean really so this this changes things dramatically But what it points out also is in our world today Um, and we can talk about other age groups if you're 50 or 60 and you're on your own It's doable It's doable. Oh, totally.   You can live by yourself without being married I'm without being in a cohabitation. Am I right? Yeah, totally right This is not always the case, you know before a lot of a lot of couples a lot of individuals were scrambling to stay alive Well, and you didn't stay alive as long so you figure.  Anyway, you know, I might as well just hang in there for a while I say well marriage now the expectation of all of us that grew up in the 60s, you know, you know Drug sex rock and roll peace love personal freedom Uh, you know, we think we're going to extend that into our 80s, you know I mean, I don't know who we're really kidding but but and we do so actually Baby boomers are the are you have got the highest rate of divorce now of any other cohort out of the life Yeah, I mean, I just I want to go back and having exactly what I wanted out of life Just the way I always have I wanted to just all fall into my lap and it's it's really interesting It may not be feasible, but it's traceable. It's traceable. And then Boomers they aren't second or third marriages. They're not going to get remarried So they may be the one of the highest divorcing quadrants in society But they're certainly not going to they're not a heavy remarriage market because you know, the woman loses her alimony If she's if she gets from the first marriage if she married the second time They lose some of their government benefits, etc. Etc. They lose a lot of their personal freedom and why bother? Yeah, so you've named probably eight or 10 different factors and they're not necessarily Connected, you know, they don't one doesn't trip off the other They're like independent factors all happening at the same time and my question to you is How do they interact? How do they, you know, how do they create the porridge that we live in socially? Family wise household wise And you know, where where they where are they taking us? That's a hard question. That's the 64 000 million dollar question Because there's no roadmap for this for society and there are there are societies like the the Scandinavian societies A lot of times women are raising their single women are raising their own kids there And it seems to work out okay And That's it's kind of an accepted deal their social structures You know, they have daycare centers that did pop up and take care of it How that's going to work out in inner cities of the us Um, you know with some of our minority communities where you got single moms trying to raise kids and you know, you get the the Unexpected consequences of of you know, a single mom gets more money in food stamps and government benefits Then if she's if she's got a live-in partner So that foster that that fosters them to continue that lifestyle instead of even trying to find a linkage And you know, who knows whether nuclear family linkages is the right thing But it seems to have it seems like there is A benefit to having a male Role model a consistent male role model in a in a especially raising male children in a in a cohesive You know family style unit that seems to be kind of undeniable and without that you got societal problems I mean these kids kids that are raised by single moms as hard as these single moms try they you know, they Kids have more problems. Yeah, so we're gonna have to figure our way around that as a society Well, it's hard because I don't think anybody's really working on except you and me right here We've always got to solve another way further but a couple of things, you know, you mentioned inner cities and that That's not only an economic You know dichotomy it's it's it's also It's a geographical dichotomy and if you ask me cold and I have no evidence on this about whether these What we call interchangeable families are greater on the west coast and west coast culture Or on the east coast and the big cities on the east coast I would guess that the interchangeability is easier and thus more ubiquitous on the west coast than the east coast Is there anything to that? What do you think? Well, I you know, I've been raised on the west coast and uh, and you know West coast has always been the you know, the american wringo west young man. I mean, it's always been the more freestyle Freestyle liberal whatnot. Um, although inner cities and in the east coast affluent inner cities have probably got very similar problems It's really the flyover stand and we're watching. I mean, I've never seen this country be more polarized We've got a bunch of people that believe in old-style american families, you know, white middle class nuclear families, you know with a Central community town-based focus and we're tired of hearing about what all the elites are saying about on the coast And and then we got the progressives on the coast that are driving their teslas and and and And you know, and they they think they're the the new wave So we really have got I mean, you know, look at what's happening politically in america Well that you take me that you took me at my last question. That is exactly where we need to go here in this discussion So, okay, we have access hollywood You know remember that the bus the bus thing with uh, donald trump right when And we have, you know, a kind of an a moral Kind of approach that he has and yet a lot of his followers his base are They're, you know, supposedly moral they they come from Evangel evangelist communities and religious communities That's that's hard to put together, but I just wonder if there's my of my, you know, my freewheeling question for you How does these how do these trends? affect Say an election of a of demagogue like donald trump. How how do they affect politics today? They gotta they got to be they're not static. They're moving their dynamic And they'll be at least as dynamic in the future. How do they affect american politics? Well, that may be above my pay grade But but uh, you you definitely have got a very weird situation where you've got a guy like donald trump Who is not exactly a bastion of truth on our morality and you know and the americans standards In fact, he's kind of the opposite and yet all the people that believe in that see him as their savior as compared to Whatever they seem to view as being worse, uh, you know god forbid We should have a woman president god forbid. We should have a a Progressive woman president. We you know, you know I I can I can only tell you one thing that is kind of interesting from you know the studies I do because I'm not a political science guy There is a definite phenomena going on where there's a self selecting out of of Quadrants of society you're much more likely to get divorced Marry early have kids early get divorced if you are Less high school educated drop out before high school or just end at high school education If you're married go on to graduate degrees you're a doctor or lawyer an indian chief whatever and you find you find Somebody else who's introduced to somebody's wedding up, you know on the hamptons or whatever All of a sudden you've got a more stable marriage and those marriages are so the separate the gap My point is the gap between the haves and the have-nots is widening in America Actually, the southeast is who is trump's big base They're actually having the tougher time which is which is what's so counterintuitive about a lot of this because they are They're the ones that are getting divorced trying to raise single kids living in a trailer You know having a real difficult time and yet they see trump as being their their guy And and then the liberal elites Who are doing much better and they and they can do better.   Well, that doesn't happen anymore That's another factor, isn't it? Yeah now the lawyers are marrying female lawyers And they're finding each other on on dating sites You can go on dating sites where you've got to be a certified millionaire to qualify and you can only search out other millionaires So it's not just, you know, the the goofy ones the tender about, you know, who's going to put out tonight or tomorrow night It's actually a way to self select the elites Finding more elites and sticking with the elites and the have nots getting stuck in this in this and in this Bottomless pit stuck to the tar baby. Yeah, and in that law firm these days. No lawyer is going to date a secretary That's much too dangerous and his partners would tell him do not do that. That's right That creates all kinds of problems for him the law firm and so forth and Gee, God knows what happens in that scenario Well, thank you so much Brad.  They're they're interesting Interesting topics and then prospects with with questionable solutions So Red coats a lot questionable solutions. Thank you so much. Okay. Thank you, Jay. Bye


You cannot negotiate and compromise with Hamas. You cannot negotiate and compromise with Hitler. That was tried. Doesn't work. The only alternative is to crush them. Now, what does crushing look like? Israel needs to go into Gaza. It needs to occupy Gaza. It needs to destroy everything Hamas related. It needs to imprison thousands of people. It has to pass a generation, maybe, of Palestinians until there's actually somebody to talk to and negotiate peace with. But you cannot negotiate with those who are committed to killing. You don't negotiate with a murderer. You don't negotiate with a kidnapper.


The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Anita Sloma Martinez. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher and higher o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills, and music singing in the hills, a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with the mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain. The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Bruce Gachuk. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher, o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills, and music singing in the hills, a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with the mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain. The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Caitlin Buckley. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher, o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills, and music singing in the hills, a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with the mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain. The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Ethan Hurst. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher, o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills, and music singing in the hills, a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with the mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain. The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Newgate Novelist. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher, o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills, and music singing in the hills a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with the mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain. The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Florence Short. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher, o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills, and music singing in the hills a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with the mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain. The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Graham Scott Cheltenham England, GrahamScottAudio.com. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher, higher, o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills, and music singing in the hills a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with the mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain. The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Harman Busby, February 12th, 2020, Clayton, North Carolina. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher, higher, o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills, and music singing in the hills a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with the mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long, has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain. The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Julian Pratley. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher, higher, o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills, and music singing in the hills a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with the mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long, has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain. The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Kevin S. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher, higher, o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills, and music singing in the hills a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with the mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long, has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain. The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Laurie Wilson. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher, higher, o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills, and music singing in the hills a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with the mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long, has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain. The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Lily Tway, Ontario, Canada. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher, higher, o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills and music singing in the hills a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with the mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long, has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain. The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Tavars. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher, higher, o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills and music singing in the hills a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with the mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long, has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain. The Dawn's Awake by Otto Leland Bohannon, read for LibriVox.org by Phil Shempf. The Dawn's Awake, a flash of smoldering flame and fire ignites the east, then higher, higher, o'er all the skies so gray forlorn the torch of gold is born. The Dawn's Awake, the dawn of a thousand dreams and thrills and music singing in the hills a peon of eternal spring voices the new awakening. The Dawn's Awake, whispers of pent-up harmonies with mingled fragrance of the trees, faint snatches of half-forgotten song, fathers torn and numb, the boon of light we craved awaited long, has come, has come. End of poem, this recording is in the public domain.


Hey everyone, it's Gabrielle with Oxford Auto Group here at Oxford Toyota today for our pre-owned vehicles of the week Now we're gonna have three certified pre-owned Toyotas to share with you all today So we're gonna go ahead and start with the forerunner now this day 2021 Toyota forerunner it's a TRD off-road. It's four-wheel drive.  You're also gonna have Toyota Safety Sense We're gonna have the TRD off-road badging Mileage on this vehicle is 20,658 and the price on this is 57,000 Now for our second vehicle, this is a 2021 Toyota RAV4 adventure all-wheel drive Now the exterior color you're seeing is called Lunar Rock with the ice edge roof So it has that beautiful Lunar Rock with the black very gorgeous All right guys, you're gonna have Bluetooth clean car fax report There's an eight-way power driver seat with lumbar support clean car fax back-up camera It's super clean inside and out That interior is a black with a soft-tex seat trim mileage on here is 21,276 The price on here is 46,000 For our last vehicle, this is a 2021 Toyota Camry XSE That exterior color is in the beautiful blizzard pearl. All right, you're gonna have beautiful black alloy wheels Now there is going to be a panoramic sunroof Which is going to be very nice with those nice days. There's a clean car fax.  It was locally owned that interior color is black leather Mileage is 21,110 And the price is 42,000 All right guys, so the three that I just went over again are certified pre-owned Toyota So it does come with that warranty now if you all have any questions on any one of these vehicles Feel free to let us know all of our contact information will be listed right here. Thanks to everyone for watching We'll see you all soon. Bye