There are 50 state science education standards currently. I know you're all looking at this map to see where your state is. If you're in Texas or South Carolina, you're, sorry, if you are in California or, well, I guess California. You're pretty happy. If you're in Texas or Minnesota, I'm sorry. These 50 states, 50 states science education standards have been devised over the last couple of decades. Some of them are pretty good. Some of them are not very good at all. But it's 50 different set of standards. Now, this is not really great. Americans, of course, are reflexively compulsive about local control of education. And there are many good things about local control of education, but curriculum is probably not one of them. There's really no reason why a third grader in Minnesota and a third grader in California should be learning different math projects. I mean, a third grader is a third grader. There's things that third graders should know about math, and this is not mysterious. What happened, actually, in math and in English language arts over the last couple of years is the establishment of something called common core standards, where 48 states got together to hammer out common curriculum standards for math and English language arts. And then they all agreed to do the same stuff, and this made the textbook publishers really happy. This made the teachers really happy. They were very challenging, and everybody's kind of on the same page. This is a good thing, because if you move from Minnesota to California, you don't miss long division, because they taught it at a different time in the different states. Now, science education is not yet there. There is currently, as I speak, under preparation something called the Next Generation Science Standards, NGSS. And this is not exactly the same thing as the common core standards of English language arts and math that I was just talking about. The process is a little different. The National Academy of Sciences has come out with a framework that outlines the topics and the pedagogy and sort of the general approach to science. It's a very good document. You can go to the National Academies of Sciences website, and you can read it yourself. It's very inspiring. And this framework document was given to a nonprofit organization called Achieve. And Achieve staff are actually the people putting the pen to paper to craft the NGSS. Now, the first draft of the standards has gone out for public commentary and for professional commentary professionals in the science education biz and us. We've given feedback on it. They're not there yet. There's still problems that we see with it. And the public has had a chance to win. There'll be a couple of more iterations of that sort of draft. And then the NGSS will be presented for adoption of the states. You might have noticed that I mentioned that the math and English language arts standards were adopted by 48 states. Only 23 states are working on the NGSS. And they haven't actually promised in advance to adopt them. Now, why is there this huge gap between the number of states that thought it was OK to have common standards in English language arts and math? And why is there this hesitation in the case of science education? Now, these are always multi-factorial problems. I'm not saying there's one single answer for this. I'm sure that there are budgetary reasons. And some states maybe couldn't afford to assign staff to this project, because everybody's understaffed and nobody wants to pay taxes and pay for education. So that's another whole issue. So maybe there's more things going on. But there are the issues of controversial topics in science education, like evolution and climate change. And in fact, there have been some state authorities, some representatives of governors and some representatives of state departments of education, fewer, more of the former than the latter, that have actually said, well, we're waiting to see what the standards say about evolution and climate change. We don't want to take a pig in a poke, so to speak. We want to be sure that we can control how those topics are taught and how much of those controversial issues are taught. I assure you the National Academy of Science framework has ample coverage of evolution and climate changes treated in a very respectful fashion. So if the NGSS actually track what the National Academy of Sciences framework has directed to do, then we'll be in pretty good shape. So actually, I guess that isn't such a cheerful, but it's more cheerful than the usual stuff I talk about. OK, now we'll get into the typical gloom, all right? But seriously, although I think common standards would be a very useful thing for science education and something that I'm certainly going to support and I hope you would support as well, we're still not out of the woods yet. Berkman and Pletzer published an article in 2008 in which they wrote, there are many reasons to believe that scientists are winning in the courts but losing in the classroom. This is partially true to the occasional explicit teaching of creationism and ID, but most especially because of inconsistent emphasis and minimal rigor in the teaching of evolution. What they found in their study is that 13% of teachers were teaching creationism or intelligent design. That's not a very high percentage, but it's far too many. I mean, imagine if there were 13% of geology teachers teaching the earth as flat. We wouldn't accept that at all. But they also talked about the cautious 60%. They also talked about 60% of the practicing biology teachers in their sample, it's not that they were teaching creationism, they just weren't teaching much evolution. They were concerned about pushback. In some cases, they didn't feel really comfortable with the subject because their own background in science, especially in the science of evolution, was inadequate. So the cautious 60% are in some respects a more concerning group of teachers because it's a lot of teachers out there. And they're basically giving evolution a once over lightly. Only 23% of the teachers in the Blitzer et al survey taught evolution as a unifying theme, which of course is what the National Academy and MCSE and all the other people who are concerned about evolution have been promoting for many years. Getting back to the standards, when they analyzed their data, they found that the variance among teachers, the spread around the mean, the statistical variance, the variance within a state of the amount of hours dedicated to the teaching of evolution that they found varied more than the difference between states. Now that's significant for science standards because it kind of suggests that teachers really aren't paying a lot of attention to the standards. If in a state like California that has really, really strong science standards and really strong standards in evolution, there is a huge variance within the state of California of teachers who give a once over lightly versus those who teach it as a theme, then that would imply, perhaps, that one might infer from that, that maybe standards are not especially being applied even if they're good standards. So I think these kinds of data will encourage us to work harder to see that standards are actually taught by the teachers who are in the state, especially if those standards are good. Well, what else do we have to look forward from the future? We have Texas. Last couple of years, the Texas science education standards have been a battleground for the teaching of evolution. And what we find in Texas is that through a very great deal of effort, the picture shows my colleague, Josh Rosnow, with our allies in Texas, the Texas Freedom Network and Texas Citizens for Science at a press conference a year ago. What we've all been able to do, in my opinion, is get about 90% of what we want, which in Texas is a good percentage. It's been a whole lot worse in the past. The current Texas science education standards have more evolution in them than ever before. The standards are better in terms of what they call for in the teaching, but the 10% that we lost is that the creationist members of the school board in these fights over the last couple of years have managed to get some rather dodgy wording in some of the questions. Believe me, it's not as bad as it might have been. In the Biology 7B standard, for example, analyzing the evaluate scientific explanations concerning any data of sudden appearance, stasis, and the sequential nature of groups in the fossil record. If you know anything about evolutionary biology, this doesn't make any sense at all. Why would you bother having students obsess over the notion of stasis and occasional sudden replacement? Well, this reflects the creationist enthusiasm for punctuated equilibrium. They believe that when you have stasis and then the replacement of a developing group in the fossil record, that's evidence for special intervention, that's evidence for special creation, and that's evidence against evolution in their opinion. So this standard was written precisely to try to allow teachers to bring some sort of anti-evolution or procreationism into the science standard. Similarly, the standard Biology 7G, analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning the complexity of the cell. Well, again, this is kind of silly if you're a biologist because you don't stand around the laboratory obsessing about the complexity of the cell. This is kind of irrelevant, but it is right out of the Intelligent Design Handbook because obsessing over the complexity of the cell is exactly what all their literature is about.  Therefore, the Intelligent Designer must have poofed into existence the first cell and on and on and on. So all of the, they're like I say, we got 90% of what we wanted, but there's some weaknesses, as shall we say, in the literature there that are, in the standards that are of concern to us. Now, this is something to look forward to in the future because in 2013, the textbooks that have been written to reflect these standards will be submitted to the Board of Education and the Board will analyze them to see if all of the standards are reflected in these new textbooks. We will be there with our allies to try to make sure that more nonsense is not done because frankly, it is the textbooks that we are concerned about. Texas, as you might know, has an inordinate influence upon the content of science education textbooks because Texas buys a lot of textbooks and therefore the textbook publishers write for the Texas market and the textbook publishers are not really anxious to write a book for Texas and then have to write another book for the rest of the country. So unless you hold the publishers feet to the fire, the rest of us will get the crappy stuff that the Texas standards might require. So this all takes quite a bit of very careful monitoring. Some of you might recall last year at TAM when I announced that the National Center for Science Education was going to add climate change to evolution as so-called controversial issues. We have noted that there's are lots and lots of parallels between how climate change and evolution are treated by the public versus how they're treated by scientists. Scientists agree evolution happened, living things that common ancestors. Scientists agree that the planet's getting warmer and people's activities have a lot to do with that but teachers are being leaned on not to teach those very basic ideas, evolution and climate change and not because of scientific evidence against evolution or evidence against climate change but because of ideological biases one way or the other that are negatively affecting science education. We went live with our climate change initiative in early 2012 and just in time because the fine state of Tennessee had dug up, shall we say, a bill that we thought we had gotten, we and our allies had gotten killed in 2011 but it emerged again this last spring in a new form and it was basically a bill that was very similar to a number of other bills that we've been fighting since 2004 called Academic Freedom Acts. Academic Freedom Acts are very cleverly written bills that don't mention religion at all but they stress critical thinking and other very positive practices that certainly we all support but if you know the history of these bills and you know the language that is being used by creationists you can identify these bills as actually having a negative effect on science education rather than the positive one that is claimed. For example, both the Alabama and Tennessee bills, I mean to say that the Tennessee bill was modeled after and Alabama bill that was passed a couple of years ago in 2008, could you leave that slide up please for just a little longer because the slide does indicate the similarities. You probably can't read this fine print but I'll tell you what it says. Both the Alabama and the Tennessee bill bundle evolution, origin of life, global warming and cloning. Now evolution and climate change certainly are topics that are appropriate to the science curriculum but there's very, very little time spent on origin of life in the biology class and there is no time that I spent on human cloning. Let's go to the lab boys and girls. No, this is just not something that happens but these four topics, these four topics are very important to the religious right and so they bundle them together as a way to try to make sure that the wrong views, in other words not their views, are taught about the subject matters. Both are couched in terms of critical thinking. Critical thinking is something we all want. This meeting is about critical thinking. Obviously everybody in this room is very concerned with critical thinking, critical thinking in and outside of science but generally speaking the way these bills are written and the comments made by the supporters of these bills is they're not talking about critical thinking in the same way we are talking about. Critical means criticize. So these bills are really efforts to criticize standard science and evolution, global warming, cloning, origin of life and so forth. Both of these bills, the Alabama and Tennessee bill encouraged teachers to critique evolution and other subjects and again it's not critique in the sense that we think of it, it's criticize. These are anti-evolution, anti-climate change, anti-origin of life bills and both of these bills have an obligatory statement at the end that this is not about religion which if you just read the bill you wouldn't necessarily think was all about religion if you know the history of these bills you know it's all about religion but they have this little statement in there because they know sooner or later there's going to be a lawsuit about one of these academic freedom acts and they wanna try to signal to the judges that oh no no nobody here but a scientist this is not about religion. The Tennessee bill also is protective in the sense that it forbids any authority like a school superintendent or a board or another official from keeping teachers from employing the act. In other words if you see a teacher is bringing in creationist materials to teach the evidence against evolution this bill would prohibit you from disciplining that teacher from telling that teacher to knock it off. It's basically a get out of jail free card for creationist teachers and a number of these academic freedom acts have had this as well. I believe that this kind of protective provision arises out of three earlier cases back in the 2000s, the 1990s I mean, where teachers were teaching creationism or evidence against evolution their districts told them to knock it off the teachers sued in federal district court for their academic freedom to do these things and in all three of these cases the court said no you can't you have to do it your school district tells you to do because that's the nature of K-12 education, K-12 teachers can't just freelance and teach anything they want they have to teach the district's curriculum. It may sound unfair, oh we're all for academic freedom of course we're for academic freedom but there's also a real need in a school district to have consistency from classroom to classroom for young learners. K-12 is not the same as university level there's a reason why K-12 teachers have less academic freedom to just sort of teach whatever they want in the classroom. So these three cases of Levesque, Webster and Paloza all were cases in which freelancing teachers were smacked down by the courts. So these protective provisions that you see in the Tennessee law and other laws that I'm sure we will see in the future are intended to try to protect the teachers from any sort of discipline for doing what the creationists would like them to do.  So this is hopefully from their standpoint opening the door. Now you may have noticed that I've been talking about evidence against evolution as a form of creationism. This is not merely my paranoia from working with this topic for so many years. When you see the phrase evidence against evolution think creationism because that's the way they think. Soon after a very important Supreme Court case that declared it was unconstitutional to teach creation science, the Institute for Creation Research published in their newsletter, school boards and teachers should be strongly encouraged to stress the scientific evidences and arguments against evolution even though they don't wish to recognize them as evidences and arguments for creation. Pay attention to that last line. Evidence against evolution is evidence for creationism. If not A then B. If not evolution then creationism. This reflects what they've used for many, many years what they call the two model approach where there's only two possibilities. There's either evolution or biblical special creationism. If you disprove evolution then obviously creationism wins by default. So a great deal of the effort in the creationist community is to try to discredit evolution because they believe that students will also be thinking in this dichotomous fashion and although there's no survey research to show this I think they're right. There's an interesting little news clip from a CNN program where a student was in a class learning evidence against evolution and the reporter asked him some questions. What have you learned? And the boy answered, I've learned that evolution has become over the years. More and more people decide it's not completely true and that there has to be another belief or another thing that replaces it. And what is that? That's an intelligent designer. You mean a God? Yes, God. The Christian God who created Earth in six days. Of course I love this interview because the kid couldn't tell the difference between creationism and intelligent design although the people in the discovery issue would just break out in hives of the thought that intelligent design was in the same phrase as created in six days. They'd be very upset about that, but that's all right. We're pretty confident that Tennessee's not gonna be the last state to pass this kind of legislation and we'll be watching once the legislative season opens in 2013 and we'll be working with our grassroots allies to try to keep these bills from getting out of committee. I know the problem is that once these bills are out of committee, they go to the floor, they're really hard to vote against. Even in Tennessee, our allies in Tennessee told us about legislators who said, I don't wanna vote for this bill, but I gotta.  And so these bills, we have our greatest success when we just stop these bills in committee. Finally, the future will hold more of the same at NCSE. We'll still be spending a lot of our time counseling individual teachers and parents and helping them deal with problems. The parent comes in complaining that he doesn't want his kid to learn evolution. How, what can a teacher tell a principal to persuade the principal not to let the kid opt out and make a mess of the teacher's class? A parent will call up with the teacher who's teaching creationism or not teaching evolution of what can that teacher say to the principal? We do an awful lot of this kind of retail person-to-person assistance to people trying to deal with this problem. And of course, none of that ever makes the newspapers. Interestingly enough, we're getting more complaints lately about problems at the community college level, which is very intriguing. I'm not exactly sure why that's the case, but we're gonna be watching it very carefully. Okay, that's what we're gonna be doing. What are you gonna be doing? Let me make some suggestions. Please inform yourself about these issues. Our website is a very good place to go. There are many other websites, blogs, books, articles. pandasthumb.org is a great source for intelligent design critiques, especially. The old talkorigins.org hasn't been updated in a while, but that's okay. The second law of thermodynamics argument still hasn't changed very much, so it's still quite relevant information there that you can find. Join your state's American Institute of Biological Science slash NCSE listserv. We have listservs in just about every state. There's a list manager who keeps a list of people who are interested and concerned about the creation and evolution issue, about the teaching of evolution, now climate change as well. And these people may not do a whole lot, but if a problem comes up in your state, we need to be able to contact you quickly to get you involved, to get your help in solving these problems. Pay attention. What's going on in your state legislature? What's going on in your state board of education? What's going on in your local board of education? Who are the people running for these offices? Who are the best people to elect? I can practically guarantee you that local school boards are always elected by a minority of the eligible voters, because those ballot issues are way down the ballot and nobody gets there and they're bored and they quit before and they don't know it's random anyway. So what that means is a very dedicated minority of people in your community may be able to have a disproportionate effect upon who gets elected to your local school boards. Support good science standards. We will check our website when the new science standards are finally finished.  In that case, try to get your state to adopt them because the more continuity we have, the better. And, if you don't mind, join NCSE. We have some interesting projects such as promoting legislation to encourage the publication of good textbooks and you can help us with that. Our website is ncse.com. If you go to this news alerts button over here, you can get a free Friday electronic newsletter that's written by Glenn Branch that's just superior. The news page is a very good place for you to catch up with the information on what's going on. This is the news page. Also, please note that we do have a climate change section now in our website that you might not have browsed and we will be adding to that more and more. And obviously we would love you to join or donate. Now, we also have a YouTube and a Facebook presence. Check out our YouTube offerings. We have several hundred by now. It's really somewhat scary. And I just want to say that it is always a pleasure and a compliment to be invited to speak at TAM. Thank you, Randy. Thank you, DJ. And thank you for listening and being interested in these issues. I think they're important and it's very, I'm very gratified that you do as well. Thank you.


Buying for Britain lead the UK to designate the Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terror group. We'll have the details Israel's new government is moving forward on a new series of measures Decide to crack down on Palestinian terror with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu saying the coalition will move quickly To pass a law revoking the citizenship or residency status of Israeli Arabs or Palestinians Who are jailed for terror acts and receive monetary compensation from the Palestinian Authority and what's been dubbed their pay-to-forslay policy? Last week the Knesset approved a preliminary bill on the issue this after the Israeli Arab citizen Karim Yunus was released following 40 years in prison for taking part in the terror murder of Corporal Avraham Bromberg in 1980 and he then received the hero's welcome in his hometown of Wadi Arra in northern Israel Yes, Prime Minister Netanyahu addressing the topic at today's cabinet meeting in Jerusalem We will also open a discussion on the draft legislation to revoke the citizenship and the residency of terrorists who have received payments from the Palestinian Authority for their murderous actions against Israeli citizens It cannot be that terrorists will continue to receive funds from Israeli citizens tax payments and enjoy the additional benefits that Citizenship confers on them. We will begin the discussion and joining us in studio now is Ali Wakid head of I-24 news is Arabic Channel and Joining us from the town of Roshai in his reserves Brigadier General Yosef Kupu Vasa He's the former head of the research division of the IDF's military intelligence brands Ali I want to start with you the reaction. This is getting especially in Israel's Israeli Arab community Would be the first time that their citizenship could actually be revoked if they take place in terror Related acts and receive these funds from the Palestinian Authority. Well, Khaled. This is not new for dozens of years Palestinians and also Israeli Arabs who carried out attacks against Israelis or against the state of Israel and were in jail They were receiving since day one in their prison time The dispayment from the Palestinian dispayment from the Palestinian Authority the PLO consider itself Not only the representatives of the Palestinians in the West Bank and in the Gaza Strip and in the Palestinian diaspora they consider themselves as the representatives of all Palestinians No matter where they are including the Arab Israelis as the Palestinians Define Arab Israelis as part of the Palestinian people those Arab Israelis who carried out these terror attacks against Israelis carried these attacks Also from that point of view as part of the Palestinian People this is why the Palestinians see that this is immoral to fund or to pay the These payments to the Palestinians in the diaspora inside the West Bank and Gaza and to exclude The Palestinian in the state of Israel now I understand that this is a very uncomfortable Situation for the state but also for many Arab Israelis when all this issue of loyalty The day of the Arab Israelis is on the table and discussed now by the government by many right-wing Political parties to see a polite in an Arab Israelis receiving payment like a kind of compensation from the Palestinian Authority because he killed and And Israeli this is this is correct and then I think this should be this should be discussed Immediately the Arab Israelis would say what about Israeli terrorists who are not Arab and who killed? And who killed? Israelis who killed Palestinian by the way. Do you know Kalev that the Israeli national insurance pay? Every month the payment for every prisoner in Israel even prisoner who killed Another Israeli not from for a political reason the murder gangs that killed themselves they They receive as prisoners some payment of the state of Israel to allow them to have a Normal kind of normal life in in jail, right? Well, let me you see let me ask you to respond to that He was saying there is some logic behind this But the way it's being framed only applies to Arab terrorists It's it's not worded in a way that it could include Jews who and there are there are Israeli Jews who have committed Terror acts themselves and are not a that doesn't include them Think first of all, thank you for having me secondly I want to emphasize the the payments are being made for people who carry out terror attacks only for those who carry out terror attacks if somebody is Committing some other kind of crime including murder They wouldn't wouldn't get this money and because according to the law of the Palestinian authority adopted in 2004 the Payments are to the those Arrested in Israeli jails because they committed terror attacks and they considered them as the Fighting sector of the Palestinian society and this includes those Israeli Arabs that carry out terror attacks and we have to understand it's not something against the The backdrop of the issue of loyalty You can have our soil not loyal to Israel in some way, but to do not carry out terror attacks Nobody mentions revoking their citizenship. It's about people who actually carried out terror attacks and got money for that Just because they can carry out these terror attacks by the Palestinian authority. That's These are the people who are going to be an issue in under this new legislation if it passes in the Knesset and We have to understand the Palestinian authority is actually Encouraging people solicitoring Terrorism by telling them that if they carry out terror attacks, they are going to be paid and they're going to be paid extremely good as any good Cellaries that's that's what they promise them in advance So this is something that is cannot be accepted and the people who carry out terror attacks and get paid by the Palestinian authority Cannot remain citizens of Israel. That's what's the law trying to achieve. But Jesse What about those Israeli Jews who commit murder for political purposes? They were they have some of them there are it's not a big number for sure But some have been convicted of terror offenses should they not also have their citizenship revoked No, that's the point is that These people thought but first they should be heavily punished and the deplored and the whatever But it's not a matter of their citizenship because they didn't work and carry out their attacks on behalf of a foreign entity Against the state of Israel. They did something terrible, but not against the state of Israel and Although in fact it is against the state of Israel, but there's not intended to be against the state of Israel So this is a different story that they should be punished heavily, that's I want to give a chance to respond close advisors or to chairman Abbas They say that we would like to get rid of these payments that embarrass the Palestinian authority and present the Palestinians in a very Immoral way like they are as you see said they are encouraging People to carry out terror attacks. No, it is true that and it's clear I think that mr. Abbas is against terror by the way He is criticized by the Palestinians that from the very beginning He gave up the tool of terror as part of the game with with the Israelis But mr. Abbas is trapped in between the Israelis and the Palestinians the Israelis don't give him any any support to to emphasize his Nonviolent politics and on the other hand the Palestinians see you want to cut because he tried for one month to cut these Payments and the Palestinian Street reacted very much. We should understand. We are now talking about around 5,000 prisoners who are now in the Israeli jails according to numbers. They are almost one million Palestinians who nice since 1967 were arrested in Israel So we are talking about an issue that concerns almost every Palestinian family It is different that an Arab Israelis is an Arab Israeli and as you see said if you are receiving fun from a foreigner entity This is a major problem. All right, Ali. What could thank you for joining us. Yes, of coup forces stay with us When we come back, we will continue to discuss Security matters and also this a big protest of course against judicial Organism that pulsates through millennia Touch it listen to it smell it taste it Experience the Holy Land like never before Holy Land uncovered every Sunday only on I-24 news Sometimes it's tough to get past all the noise and get to the heart of the story Even tougher to make sense of it all. I'm David Matlin in each weekday I'll take on the most important topics breaking down the issue so you can decide for yourself zoom in each weekday here at I-24 news Hey, it's you again ready. Let's go One show a whole lot of perspective. He is part of the problem You want to talk about deep platforming people are losing their lives not just what happened, but why does it matter? I'd like to finish my point. You're the one switching terms. You could be a fantastic CNN reporter Join us every night a CME stern on global life the global conversation Starts here Imagine being able to see into the future What innovations will change the world as we know it join us as we meet the people changing our planet and Discover the inventions shaping tomorrow Israel business beat Sundays and Wednesdays 9 30 p.m. GMT Welcome back to the rundown and still with us as reserves IDF Brigadier General yes of Cooper was so and I'm sure you see We'll have a response to Ali walk its comments on the Palestinian Authority so-called pay-to-slay policy Yeah, I think that Ali left us with the impression that the Abou Mazen is against error, which is totally wrong I'm abou Mazen is in favor of terrorism. He thinks all kinds of terror are legitimate He thinks that it's certain times. It's not useful for the Palestinians to use certain kinds of terror because from a The point of view of the benefit that the Palestinians gained out of using these kinds of terror They are not good enough compared with the cost they pay But he repeatedly says that he's going to keep paying salaries to the terrorists Whatever happens if even if he's left only with one penny is going to use it in order to pay service to the terrorists That's that's abou Mazen. Unfortunately, it's very painful to say it. But this is a situation All right. Yes, he could have us a stay with us because tomorrow Outgoing Chief of Staff Lieutenant General of Eve Kochabi will hand over command of the Israel Defense Forces to a successor Herds Lalevi in a series of farewell interviews Kochabi is firing off some parting shots at the new government Warning against moves to split control over the military between some different ministers He slammed what he called attempts to politicize the military saying quote the IDF chief Chief reports to one minister the minister of defense Middle East correspondent Ariel Al Surin has war in this report After 40 years in the Israeli military chief of staff Lieutenant General Aviv Kochabi is hanging up his uniform Moments before he hands over the reins to his replacement Herds Lalevi Kochabi sat down with Israeli media and outlined his successor's key challenges Mainly preventing a nuclear Iran and the ramifications of such a strike Anahata yes, so the working assessment is that a strike in Iran could potentially spark a wider conflict of the northern front And indeed our preparations are for fighting in the north closer to home Israeli forces have been carrying out since March a wide spread anti-terror operation in the West Bank and all the while Concerns over the imminent collapse of the Palestinian Authority have been mounting In the places where the Palestinian security forces operate including inside the main Palestinian system If they're not there we will need to be in his four years as IDF chief Kauhavi oversaw three operations in Gaza a prolonged tear operation in the West Bank and hundreds of strikes in Syria But there's another front the political turmoil that rocked Israel which coincided with his term in his interviews Kauhavi warned against the government's plans to restructure military authority in the West Bank that includes splitting off parts of their responsibilities from the Defense Minister over civil affairs in the West Bank The moment you remove this appointment from the chain of command it tarnishes it with additional motives That can severely undermine trust in the military people will look at this officer and say he is a political appointment During his term Kauhavi tended to remain cautious and quiet, but now days before he completes a service He's speaking out Including commenting on proposed changes to the political military chain of command We will not allow it to have two different militaries with separate values The IDF basic law stipulates that the IDF chief of staff answer to and only to the Minister of Defense And I'm certain it will remain that way And so as he takes office on Monday Kauhavi's replacement her Tia Levi has his fair share of challenges for the next four years Most of them are external, but it's the internal ones that could challenge him the most And still with us your super good the general Joseph Cooper was a yes He do you agree with Aviv Kauhavi's? criticisms of the government's plans or plan changes for the military structure General Kauhavi is brilliant Officer and very well experienced and charismatic and courageous and innovative and I think that's the legacy he leaves behind Talking about the issue that They are going to now split the responsibility between two ministers. Of course Some military commander. He would like to make sure that the line of command is as simple as possible And there's only one commander, but the politics are problematic and the challenging for any military officer any chief of staff and He will the his successor her Tia Levi will have to live with the new consequence with a new situation and There is a logic there's a tension here There's a logic for the new division because what is the alternative to leave the Jewish or the Israeli? People living in the territories under an endless Situation where they are treated this inferior citizens that the purpose of the change is to make sure that the civilian matters in the areas controlled by Israel since 1967 are Going to are going to have to go through some change and that is necessary Not less than keeping the command structure as Kauhavi wants it to be and there's a tension between the two elements Some arrangement will have to be found so as to make sure that the Israelis living in these territories Get the treated this regular Israelis and at the same time That the military commander will be able to use all his Right for it is properly. That's that's something that would have to be walked out In the future. I'm sure that's not going to be easy But the way can be found and should be found to do that properly Well, whether these changes will result in more security in the West Bank time will tell yes He Cooper us. Thank you for joining us on the rundown. Thank you In other security news today a 45-year-old Palestinian man Ahmed Hala was killed in a scuffle with Israeli troops near the West Bank settlement of Ofer north of Ramallah Soldiers said after his car was stopped for a security check Hala tried to grab one of the soldiers guns and was shot dead as they struggled There was also an Israeli casualty in the West Bank today But that was an apparent accident 18-year-old Corporal Dennis and Zenovi was killed in three of us wounded when a grenade Inadvertently exploded a training base in the Jordan Valley the IDF investigating the incident Now the Palestinian issue was certainly one of the points of tension between Israel and the European Union But it's important to remember the EU is not a monolith But it's a network with differing centers of power and our senior diplomatic correspondent Altam and is here to tell us how a recent exchange of letters relating to Israeli government moves in the West Bank tells us a lot about The tensions and that Israel-EU relationship. Yeah, there's a couple the shortest letters You can imagine the tell us so much But first let's take a look what the international media and some parts of the Israeli media did with this story You may be able to see on your screen the headline that the EU again comes out against Israeli settlement construction and so on Again Kalev not surprising to see that and it's not untrue with what I'm about to tell you But I'm not sure it's the headline and again as Kalev as you mentioned what I think is important to understand again EU is not one thing. It's a network of many things. There's the European Parliament, which is what it says It's a parliament. There's the European Commission Essentially the European cabinet a group of ministers to make a long story short that implement the day-to-day policy And then there's something called the European Council different from the Commission the Council What's the European Council? That's the heads of state who get together usually once every three months and they make the big picture decisions So a parliament commission and a council and this is a story of how they interact and it's clever As you mentioned how they interact on Israel's relationship with the EU the EU as we know builds is involved in building or at least Funding Palestinian building in areas see those areas that are under Israeli control Including that in the region called Musafariata and the South Hebron Hills that has been the source of controversy 24 members of the European of members of the European Parliament not happy about the Israeli demolitions of those EU buildings And then November 14th They send a letter to the European Commission right those cabinet that ministers and basically say to them Have you come up with any list of options to essentially either? Compel Israel to stop doing this or at least force Israel to pay the EU and give the EU Compensation for the buildings that Israel's knocked down the EU again paying for these buildings Israel knocking them down these 24 members of Parliament What at least want Israel to pay for that as they see they ask the Commission Have you come up with any ideas to force Israel to come up with the money? January 6th fast-forward almost two months Kalev and here is the answer from the European Commission No, and you may be able to see it on your screen. No, we have not actually come up with this list and by the way Any restrictive measures read sanctions. That's not us Don't talk to us talk to the heads of state European Council and all 27 of them Kalev all 27 of them need to agree Kalev what's going on here? We have we have a European Commission who feels its hands are tied These are the people with the day-to-day policy. They don't like what Israel's doing, but they say with there's nothing we can do about it We can't actually take any real action because we need 27 heads of state, right? It's enough for one of them to come out and issue a veto Victor Orban of Hungary for example or Poland Sam or Poland for example or some of Israel's other best friends within the EU and Therefore there are limits to what we as the European policy makers and the day-to-day can do there's this backstop and Sorry members of Parliament. You're out of luck. There's not much we can do about it So yes, it's true That is the headline said the EU is is condemning the settlement extent, but that's not the real story The real story is not that the EU demands the compensation Kalev the real story in the sense is that the EU is not really demanding the compensation Because at the end of the day It's up to the governments and the governments at least not all of them are on board in order to do so right and the reason That's important is because this new God the new Netanyahu government has made an issue Over that building in what is called area C in the West Bank and they said we're gonna step up the demolitions Even more than past governments have so we surely can expect a fear of a lot of sound and fury Coming from certainly elements in the EU, especially Brussels, but substance maybe much it's not so much Signifying nothing and that's what the letter and the response said this is sound and fury We are doing is making as much sound and as much fury as we can but collab at the end of the day Go talk to that don't talk to us talk to Victor Orban Because it's he who you will need to get you agreeing with you in order for anything really to happen So again, I think that tells the real story in a microcosm of two simple letters of the dynamics between Israel and the EU and your Right collab playing out on this issue and potentially others as well Right you jumped ahead on my Shakespeare quote finishing but Owen. Thank you for that Of course, there is domestic politics to turn to that big demonstration in Tel Aviv last night against the Israeli government's planned judicial overhaul and As Owen Altman reports the battle over those reforms will now enter its next phase. Let's take a look A day after meant to be a day to calm tempers with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu having this to say The morning after 80,000 protesters hit the streets of Tel Aviv I'm convinced that after the important and in-depth discussion in the Constitution Committee We will complete legislating the reforms in a way that will correct what needs correcting and will totally protect individual rights The opposition will not be sold with the anti Netanyahu camp out in force Saturday night in numbers that exceeded Expectations and in sometimes driving January rain in a protest meant to focus on the government's planned judicial overhaul I came here to demonstrate Against the anti-democratic steps of the new governments in Israel They are trying to destroy the democratic structure of the Israeli state They are working against the article of independence that is the basis of the Israeli democracy The fight over the judicial overhaul can now turn toward escalation or compromise Netanyahu is hinted at talks the Justice Minister and Supreme Court president are reportedly said to meet President Isaac Hertzog says he's active Over the past week, I've been working full-time by every means making non-stop efforts with the relevant parties With the aim of creating wide-reaching, attentive and respectful discussion and dialogue On the other hand gaps are wide and stakes are high Both sides see this as a real struggle for power and fairness Protesters say they'll be back next week and diehard supporters of the overhaul will not want to give in And still to come on the rundown the Iran regimes


What's up everybody Jason here for jazby's case breaks calm We just sold out 2020 panini and mac of the baseball eight box case break picker teams number 11 And all teams sold straight up guys straight up Here you go. Here's the list Boom boom Jason get in the Phillies last one. What's actually guys Jason? Got the white talk a little earlier when it was down to nine left and really got this rally started And a lot of people followed right after But good luck to everybody that's in this break though All of you guys did help fill it up at some point throughout the day And we posted this right before I went on air like around two o'clock, so People did want to do some immaculate today Except we switched it up and did some baseball Tray Mancini to start us off out of 99 for the Baltimore Orioles Wanna Aaron? We got Reese Hoskins to 99 for the Phillies Last ball mold you already hidden which is Jason Jacob de Grom 99 to 49 for the Mets Kevin with that one and right off in the first box little Aaron judge on card one out of 25 for the Yankees Matt with the Yankees We got a five out of seven Debbie Garcia another one for the Yankees You know with some of these three of the cards and kind of see the chippings on the corners Look at that back to back hits for the Yankees Jaylin Davis 41 out of 49 San Francisco Giants Win a victor and the last one is another one here Giants We go Garcia. All right one box down All right next one guys, that's nice same dude really yeah, that's nice And a Tony Lazari four out of five And I'm assuming that's the Yankees And I guess it could be Giants, but it should be Yankees, but I would double-check that part of murder's row With Lou Gehrig Bob Musil Babe Ruth They play really Yankees along because although he did play for the New York Giants Later in his career, but I'm assuming this is the Yankees version Yes, all right, so Yankees with that one We have a patch auto here of Aaron Seville 20 out of 49 Cleveland Indians Cleveland it's gonna Gregory We have a three out of three hats off Jim Rice a little chippy know here on this corner Very nice though that is Boston Edition It's gonna rhyme We have a Zach Collins to 99 White Sox is going to Jason and the last one here is Trent Grisham and look at this patch. Geez 41 out of 49 San Diego Padres going to Eric. All righty Next one pretty plate on the top we've got a one-to-one Little majestic tag and that's Michael Brantley Very nice There's Michael Brantley What's that Houston? It's funny that doesn't actually say it on the back doesn't say Houston does it? I'm gonna double-check Yeah, Houston Astros This is the only relic or base card you can get out of this It's pretty cool All right cool.  Congrats, man. Hey, you always remember your first What's up with these ones guys? Is this supposed to be like a retro patch or something for these guys? I know these guys didn't play with these old school. I was flannel signatures. Okay, I get it I was gonna say four out of 25 Advert alzola.  So Ed, you had the Cubs, right? How about back-to-back adverts, but look at this patch? Man 37 out of 49 on this one Beautiful patch and the bottom of the cuckold, I believe and the last one here is a out of 49 Dylan Cease And a little chipping here on this corner Very very nice All right, what after this box guys will be halfway through you believe that a Mac of the baseball eight boxes in a case. That's crazy I'll just trip out. I we got young Carl Stanton That is a Yankees edition. We got Shohei Otani Chipping on the corners as well. This one sort of like feels heavy Angel's going to Kevin We got Ronald Balanios San Diego and a nice RPA right here of Ars Thédez Aquino 86 out of 99 little corner chip nice patch as well Reds going to Aaron Pettit. We got Dylan Cease another one for the Chicago White Sox What another great patch and it's out of 49 again for the same player. My god I think oh, this is out of 99 actually It's like the other piece right here. It's without a 49 something out of 99 What a beautiful patch 7299 ad bird Alzole, that is sweet And some nice patches man. All right halfway through guys. Don't worry. We still have half a case Casey Maiz Sox eight out of nine for Detroit One is Akari we have a three out of three Ed Roche for Cincinnati Very nice three out of three we got Andres Munoz 101 mile per hour fastball Number two ninety nine another one there for the San Diego Padres And then we got for the Dodgers a little patch auto 19 out of 25 That is Dustin May Dodgers Glenny Kevin got a nice three color patch Justin Dunn three out of ten Seattle Mariners, it's been a Matt L and the last one here Jordan Yamamoto to 49 That is for the more ones with a mic. All right, sweet next one I think this is eight out of eight batting gloves Mauricio Dubon Little Franklin tag on there.  I think he's a good prospect as well, right? good rookie Lou Brock RIP To 49 Five out of five Willie Castro for Detroit a little chipping there on the right corner We got Joe Adele 16 out of 99 prospect patch auto We got Sheldon noose 20 out of 99 three color patch And the last one here is back-to-back. This time it's Sean Murphy out of 99 All right guys, we have two boxes left give me a second I just quickly Some top loader shift for myself For the rest of this break. All right, next one. All right guys after this I would love to try to do that immaculate break So let's try to get it done We're down to five left halfway there in the one boxer Do we can get that done tonight guys?  This is by far the biggest one out of This case for here I don't think we have a crazy. Well, I guess we do All right, let's check it out First one we got is team logos Adrian Morje on three out of four for San Diego Great break for San Diego. There's been a lot of ponders Eric out of 49 for Tampa Bay Going to Chris and wow this one is crazy This is also a batting glove guys and it's one out of four Dustin Padreu and look at that it's like The end of the sleeve like right here of the glove right on the wrist At least that's what it looks like that is a beautiful hit One out of four Boston one of the last few teams taken Ryan. There you go, man Crazy sick one, man. I know it's crazy, right? for the Dodgers That is I'm sorry. Not for the Dodgers for the angels. I'm gonna say Matt Dice That's 15 out of 25 Kevin with that one. I think Kevin has the Dodgers. I'm the angel. So Boba Shet debut moments 44 to 99. So there's a little Boba chef for you Joseph We have Travis Demerits patch auto for Detroit 41 out of 99 and then we got Tyrone Taylor Milwaukee, and we actually have a blockchain. I haven't seen a blockchain in this one. I'll go to the customer here Rookie dual memorabilia signatures card number 38 Logan Allen Which I remember Logan Allen on top of my head. I'm gonna say Cleveland. Maybe. Yes Cleveland in it. All righty guys last box of the case Good luck Here we have another blockchain And it's debut jumbo autographs Edwin Rios, which I believe is Dodgers So Dodgers with that one For the full case of Cameron all we have to do is sell out two spots straight up in the 21 team rmb's those two spots and that last filler that's tied into it, which is um The hanger box, which I believe is like down to like 24 And then for the one boxer It looks like we just need to sell out a couple random number block spots left Which I believe is now down to four left. So we're actually pretty close on both of those breaks All right, last box guys. Good luck Dylan Cease What's the way around? Yeah, we can do another one. We've never done two actually today When we can't do a third Jose Ramirez like I said, it's usually the time I start going off air guys But we are close on a couple breaks.  We're all like here to 99 for Houston And we got josh james. Look at that extra basis patch auto 10 out of 10 Houston Astros It's going to Randall We got Gavin Lux for the Dodgers Out of 49 a couple more guys We have rookie here sam hillyard to 99 That is a colorado Rockies And the last one here folks is a patch auto here of devi grew long at a 73 So it must be a jersey number short print and that is for the Phillies last spot mojo as well For Jason There you go, man There you go everybody. That was the break very very nice stuff popping out of here That Dustin Bedroi was really nice. The Mauricio Duvall was very nice We got a couple one-on-ones We got Gavin Lux a little jersey auto we got as well as um Boba Shatt Always some nice stuff this immaculate Nice patches right there So appreciate it guys uh jaspiescasebreaks.com


Recorded books and one-click digital present only a promise. A Survivors Club novel by Mary Balog. Narrated by Roslyn Landor. Chapter 1 There could surely be nothing worse than having been born a woman, Chloe Muir had thought, with unabashed self-pity, as she sucked a globule of blood off her left forefinger, and looked to see if any more was about to bubble up and threatened to ruin the strip of delicate lace she was sewing back onto one of the Duchess of Worthingham's best afternoon caps. Unless, perhaps, one had the good fortune to be a Duchess, or else a single lady in possession of £40,000 a year, and the freedom to set out one's own independent establishment. Sample complete. Ready to continue?


In the previous video, we learned about binary operations related to the idea of a binary operations, the idea of closure. So let's imagine we have an operation on some set x. So what that means, of course, is that circle here is an operation of x cross x to x. And in case you're wondering, you can draw this circle in latex by doing backslash C-I-R-C, short for circle. So we have a binary operation on the set x with respect to the circle operation. What if we have some subset y inside of x? Can we define a binary operation on y using the binary operation that's on x? Well, is there a way of defining circles so that y cross y gives us something? Well, since y belongs to x, then because we have an operation for every possible pairing of x and x, if we restrict the domain to only be operands coming from y, then of course this result here will be well-defined. But in order to guarantee that this itself is an operation, we need that when you combine things from y to y, you always get something in y. Is that always the case? We know that it'll always go to x, but can we restrict it just to y? And if we can, we say that the subset is closed with respect to the operation. That is, the resultant of combining any two elements from y gives you something in y. And again, this is a phenomenon we see a lot. Like on the previous video, we had talked about the following important sets. N, z, q, r, and c. We talked about with respect to addition and multiplication that these were all binary operations on these sets. And in fact, what we can say a little bit better is that r is actually closed with respect to addition. The same addition of complex numbers. The addition of real numbers is just a special case of addition of complex numbers because a real plus a real always gives you a real. And likewise, addition of two rational numbers is just a special case of real addition. The sum of two rationales will always give you a rational. And the same thing is true for integers. The sum of two integers is really just a special case of rational addition. And same thing with natural numbers as well. It's just a special case of integer addition. Same thing with multiplication. Now, you might have noticed in the previous video that when we talked about binary operations, I did not mention subtraction or division. And there are some, there's some reasons to mention there. So first of all, when it comes to subtraction, subtraction, as our usual sense, and its usual sense, subtraction is an operation on c. It's an operation on r. And in fact, the subtraction operation on the real numbers is just a restriction of complex subtraction. A real minus a real is, in fact, a real again. Same thing is true for rationales and same thing is true for integers. I mentioned, though, that subtraction is not, it's not an operation. It's not an operation on the natural numbers. Because subtraction, if you subtract two natural numbers, you might not get a natural number back. So, you know, case in point, we could take something like zero minus two. That gives us negative two, which is not a natural number. And so subtraction, although subtraction is an operation on the integers, if you subtract any two integers, you get back an integer. If you take the subset of the natural numbers, the difference of two natural numbers is not necessarily natural number here. And so we would say that n is not, it's not closed. It's not closed under subtraction, viewing it as a subset, right, of the integers. But on the other hand, the integers, the integers are closed under subtraction. Again, viewing this as a subset of, like, say the rational numbers or something. Or we could also say that the natural numbers are closed under addition with respect to integers. So there is an important distinction that one has to make there, that the closure principle. If you restrict the operation to a smaller subset, will the resultants always fall inside of the smaller set? And that's not always the case. Like we see here with the natural numbers. What about division? When it comes to division, division is not an operation either for some of the same reasons, right? Like if you take, for example, one divided by two, this is not an integer. This is not an integer, even though one and two are integers, right? So you don't have closure under addition, under division, like if you do integers. But you also have problems with even the rationals, right? If you take, like, say two divided by zero, this is not inside the rational field, even though two and zero are inside that set. So you have some issues there. The problem, the problem here isn't necessarily closure. The problem is division in its usual sense is not an operation because division would be, it would be a function from q to cross, well, you basically get q take away zero because we can't divide by zero and that then produces something in q, right? So the fact that the sets don't exactly match up with each other exactly when it comes to division. Now there is one way of sort of fixing that using subsets that's related to this idea of closure. When it comes to division, right, we usually think of the following type sets. So we're going to take the set q star. This is going to be the set right here. This is going to be the set of rational numbers. So we're going to take X inside of the rationals, but X is not zero. So we just take the nonzero rationals. This is often defined to be q star. We do a similar thing for our star and we do a similar thing for C star right here. These sets represent the nonzero rationals, reels and complex numbers. I should mention that q star, of course, is obviously a subset of q and this set right here is closed. It's closed under multiplication. Q star is closed under multiplication. Likewise, our star is closed under multiplication and C star. C star is likewise closed under multiplication. Of course, rational, real and complex multiplication in all those situations. And so those are important subsets. Another reason why these subsets are important is because in all of these cases we can define division. Division, we can take as a map from q star cross q star. And we map it onto q star. And so we can't necessarily define division in all situations, but we can actually take the quotient on this subset that's closed under multiplication. I should mention though that q star, r star and C star, these sets are not. They're not closed with respect to addition. That if you take the sum of two nonzero rationals, you can back to zero. For example, one half plus negative one half is equal to zero. And so you get some issues there, right? And so you can see why we kind of play around with sets at times. Sometimes I want to focus on this set because it's closed under this operation, maybe not this other one. Sometimes I want to focus on this set because this operation like division is defined even though addition no longer becomes an operation. The sets for which form the set in play matters, right? Because we need the operands and the resultant to be part of all of those sets like so. I want to mention that when it comes to division though, like if you try to define something like nonzero integers, right? Division still doesn't work in that situation like we saw before. One half is not an integer. It's not even a nonzero integer. And so we don't necessarily focus on the nonzero integers as often as we do say q or c because we can make multiplication into closed subset. And we get multiple we also use division. I should mention though that if you do take like nonzero integers, you would be closed under additions close under multiplication. Excuse me. You're not close under addition. You need to close your under multiplication, but division is not extendable here. And so therefore we don't really talk about z star too much. Probably one potentially could do it. Let's see another example we saw in the previous video talking about function composition. Just as a reminder, if you take x to the x, right, this is the set of functions of the form f goes from x to x. Right, this is this is a this is a set with a binary operation of function composition. Right, so we have this binary operation you have x to the x comma circled. In this case here circle is genuine the real McCoy function composition and important subset of this thing is s sub x. Remember x sub x this right here is the set of permutations set of permutations from x to x. That is the function x to x. These functions f do not have to be bijective functions in sx. They are bijective. They have inverses function inverses here. This is an important this is an important subset of x to the x. And in fact, this subset is closed under function composition x sub x here is closed under composition. In which case it's not often called function composition. In that case, it's often called permutation multiplication, which might seem a little bit weird. But that's what we call we call it multiplication of the permutations. It's a very important subset, which is closed under function composition.


The chain that shackled me to my bed was just long enough to reach the window cell and so every night after my father would visit my room, I would lie awake and wait for the first rays of light to creep over the horizon, then walk over to my window and listen to the morning's first few notes of birdsong. Their melodies were so beautiful. I knew that they must have been singing about places far away and wonderful, about sailing on the wind through endless blue skies, looking down at the treetops that dotted the land below. Then one morning as I lay in bed, something impossible happened. I had fallen asleep the night before and would have missed my morning birdsong but for a tapping on my window. I rubbed the sleep out of my eyes and sat up to see a crow sitting outside on the sill, tapping my window with his beak. I crept over to the window and smiled at the bird. Hello, Mr. Crow, I said. Hello, little girl, said the crow. I stood there, dumbfounded for a moment, not knowing what to say. Finally, after what seemed like an eternity, I forced myself to speak. You know how to talk? I said. All birds know how to talk, he replied. It's just that not all humans know how to listen. I pushed my window open a crack until it hit against the bars. The bird cocked its head in curiosity. Why are you in a cage? The bird asked. I think it's my destiny, I said. It's always been this way. You look rather thin, replied the crow. Would you like something to eat? My stomach gave a weak growl. Yes, I said. That would be wonderful. Without another word, the crow took flight. A few minutes later, he returned with a small branch of figs. The crow watched me as I greedily devoured the fruit. After I had finished, he stared at me for a moment before speaking again. I didn't know they put people in cages, he said. Do you think they mistook you for a bird? I don't think so, Mr. Crow, I said. We spent the rest of the day talking. The crow told me all about what it was like to fly. How there was no better feeling in the world. He told me about the faraway lands he had visited when he was a young bird and could still make the journey north with the changing of the seasons. Finally, evening came and the crow said that he had to go. The next morning he was back, however, with two more branches of figs. I thanked him for his generosity, and we talked another day away. That day he even sang me a song. He didn't have a voice for singing, but I thought his song was beautiful anyway.  He brought me not only figs, but cherries and walnuts too, anything small enough for him to carry. Then however, winter came, and with it the frost that destroyed the figs and cherries that the crow had used to bring me. His gifts became fewer and fewer, and I could tell from his tired voice that he was flying farther and farther away to get them. One morning, when the first snows of winter had fallen, the crow asked me a question. What would you do to leave this place? He asked, cocking his head to the side. I thought for a moment, but I wasn't sure how to answer. Finally I told the truth. I would do anything to leave this place. I said, anything at all. The crow solemnly nodded and said, the frost isn't the only thing that winter brings. He flapped his eyes once and jumped from the window sill, and I didn't see him for 3 days. I began to fall into a deep depression. Every morning I would still listen to the bird song, but it sounded empty without my friend there to listen with me. The morning after the third day, my crow friend returned. It was so beautiful that day. The sun had come out from behind the clouds to melt the snow. One of the last green days before winter came in earnest. As the shadow passed over the valley in which we lived, I first mistook it for a storm cloud. But then I heard the sound. It was loud enough to crack the sky, but it wasn't thunder. It was birds. Thousands upon thousands of them descended on our house. A whirling storm of beating wings and shrieking cause, they crashed into the walls and windows, pecking at them with wild ferocity. The house shook under their salt, and their calls were so loud that I didn't even hear the windows breaking. They were not so loud, however, that I could not hear my father scream. It was over in a matter of minutes, and the key to my shackles slipped under the door. I rushed over and picked it up with trembling hands, sliding it into the metal cuff around my ankle and turning it. The cuff came loose with a heavy click, and for the first time I was free. The key to the door slipped under the jam as well, and I opened the door to the rest of the house. The place had been all but destroyed. There was splintered wood and broken glass everywhere, and in the center of the living room was what remained of my father, a pile of bloodstained feathers. The birds had all flown off, but Mr. Crow sat on top of the living room fireplace regarding me with a curious look. Now you can fly free, little girl, he said. No more cages for you. Thank you, Mr. Crow. I said, Will you come with me? Mr. Crow shook his head. I am an old bird, he said, and my journey is coming to a close. But yours is just beginning. Mr. Crow flapped his wings and took flight, and I never saw him again. As I stepped out of the front door, my bare feet touched the grass for the very first time, and I could smell the flowers on the breeze as it drifted over me. At that moment, though my feet were firmly on the ground, my heart was soaring through endless blue sky, far above the world that I had left behind. I still wake up every morning to hear the birds sing, and when the first few notes break the silence of early dawn, I think of Mr. Crow, and smile.


Welcome back MechanicalEI, did you know that Peter Gustav LeJuin Dirichlet, who was one of the first mathematicians to define a function, was the one on whose name the Dirichlet's conditions are named? This makes us wonder, what are Dirichlet's conditions? Before we jump in, check out the previous part of this series to learn about what Fourier series are. Now, Dirichlet's conditions are sufficient conditions for a real valued periodic function f to be equal to the sum of its Fourier series at each point where f is continuous. The conditions are, first f must be absolutely integrable over a period, second f must be of bounded variation in any given bounded interval and finally f must have a finite number of discontinuities in any given bounded interval and the discontinuities cannot be infinite. This leads us to the Dirichlet's theorem, we state the Dirichlet's theorem assuming that f is a periodic function of period 2 pi with Fourier series expansion whose a n term is given by the following equation. Dirichlet's theorem states that if f satisfies Dirichlet's conditions then for all x we have that the series obtained by plugging x into Fourier series is convergent and is given by summation of a n into e power i n x from n equals minus infinity to infinity is equal to half the sum of f of x plus and f of x minus. Here, x plus and x minus denote the right and left limits of f respectively. Hence, we first saw what Dirichlet's conditions are and then went on to see what Dirichlet's theorem is. Also, like, subscribe and comment with your feedback to help us make better videos. Thanks for watching. Also, thanks a lot for those constructive comments. You helped the channel grow. So, here are the top mechanical EIs of our last videos.


HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. The HIV virus enters cells of our immune system, uses the cell's machinery to make more virus, and then kills the cell. Current therapy for HIV is antiretroviral therapy, ART, which was established in the 1990s. These drugs have transformed HIV diagnosis from a death sentence into a manageable chronic illness. They work at various stages to prevent the HIV virus from making more virus and infecting more cells. Today, a major public health concern is reducing the risk of HIV transmission in order to manage the global AIDS epidemic. Antiretroviral therapy is a key player in this endeavor. While antiretroviral therapy is not a cure for HIV, it can reduce the amount of HIV virus present in the body, which we call viral load. Regular viral load testing helps measure how well antiretroviral therapy is working. When taken daily, effective antiretroviral drugs reduce viral load to a level below the threshold of detection for the test, which is currently 50 virus particles per milliliter of blood plasma. We call this undetectable viral load. It's important to understand that someone with undetectable viral load is not cured of HIV. They are still carrying the HIV virus. It's just present in such a small quantity in the plasma that the virus is not detectable using standard tests. Undetectable viral load is playing a huge part in managing the global AIDS epidemic by reducing HIV transmission with some words of caution. Here is why. As we just talked about, antiretroviral therapy can reduce the amount of virus in the blood to an undetectable viral load. This has two important consequences. The HIV positive person will be healthier since they are living with less HIV virus killing fewer cells in their immune system and causing fewer other illnesses. Because a person with undetectable viral load has less HIV virus, they are also less likely to transmit the virus to an HIV negative person. In two major studies with couples, having the HIV positive partner on ART led to a 92 to 96% reduction in the risk of HIV transmission to the negative partner. That's a very significant amount. It doesn't mean they can't transmit the virus. It just means that they are far less likely to do so. So undetectable viral load can also benefit HIV negative people. This is called treatment as prevention, where people with HIV take antiretroviral therapy to improve their own health and to decrease the chance of HIV transmission to a partner. Or on a larger scale, HIV transmission within a population. Multiple studies support the strategy for the health of both HIV positive and HIV negative partners and to reduce the number of new infections. However, undetectable viral load is not an absolute guarantee against HIV transmission. In fact, the amount of HIV virus present in the body can fluctuate over time if someone has a secondary infection, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia, or even without any known cause. These fluctuations could go undetected in between medical checkups. During those times when there is more HIV virus present, the individual may be more likely to transmit the virus, even though they had undetectable viral load at their last medical checkup. It's also important to know that viral load is not always consistent between an individual's plasma, semen and other genital fluids, and could potentially be higher or lower than the levels measured in the plasma. And of course, keeping the HIV suppressed depends on maintaining adherence to daily ART. Missed doses or breaks in treatment can cause viral load to rise. Finally, most data on treatment as prevention come from studies with heterosexual couples. We still need answers about how well undetectable viral load predicts HIV transmission risk in other contexts. For example, among gay and bisexual men, among people with a greater number of sex partners, and in settings where sexually transmitted infections are more prevalent. So to take away, HIV viral load is a major predictor of the risk for transmission of HIV. It makes sense, more virus present in body fluids, more virus available to enter a partner's cells and establish infection. Therefore, undetectable viral load is a central goal of antiretroviral therapy to maintain the health of HIV positive individuals. And is a promising new part of the HIV risk reduction toolkits, along with things like condoms and pre-exposure prophylaxis, which can protect against HIV. The global HIV epidemic is one of our century's biggest health concerns. Good medical care and treatment, effective prevention tools, and education are the most effective ways to ensure healthy lives for everyone. This video has been provided to you by Eureka Science in collaboration with Beta at San Francisco AIDS Foundation. To learn more about HIV treatment and prevention, visit beta at www.betablog.org. To stay in touch with Eureka Science, like us on Facebook, follow us on Twitter, subscribe to our YouTube channel, or visit us at www.eurekascience.com. Thank you for watching.


Ben was with me as I was looking at it and he said, no one uses those anymore. To which I said, well, it's cheap enough. I'm just going to grab it and look it up later. I'm glad I did, sold it for $149 and paid $2 for it. Hey Boloadies, thanks for watching. All right, in this video, we're going to talk about big money Bolo's items that sold in August on eBay and other platforms for big bucks. I'm going to tell you where they got it, what they paid for it and what it sold for. So I posted this in my Bolo Buddies Facebook group and invited everyone to share a Bolo item, an item to be on the lookout for. I'm going to tell you where they got it, what they paid for it and what it sold for. This is my Facebook group. If you're not in it, there is a link tree down below. You can click on that and there will be a link to my Facebook group along with a bunch of other links of things that I use for my business. So check it out. Come join the Facebook group. It's free and you can learn about some Bolo items. So let's get started here with the first item. For some reason, August was a very good month for me. I wanted to share a few of my best sales. I found these Ray-Ban shooter sunglasses at a thrift store for $1.99. At the time, I didn't even know they were Ray-Bans as the mark was very hard to find. They sat in my money pile for a while while I attempted to research them. They actually had prescription lens in them too. A Ray-Ban Facebook group helped me to identify and of course I advertised them noting the prescription lens too. Apparently they are very collectible especially these vintage frames. Very happy with the sale. Now I always check the eyeglasses racks at the thrift store. Okay, so here's what I will tell you about this. You are not allowed to sell prescription items on eBay. So you need to sell these as frames only. I recommend popping the lenses out and selling them as the frames or taking them to a like an eye doctor and having them pop the lenses out so you don't break anything. But you cannot sell prescription items. So do not put prescription anywhere in your listing and definitely put frames only so people understand that they are only getting the frames. Does that make sense? This one comes from, it's AAA antiques and collectibles and I just did a video right before this featuring his eBay store. So that is coming soon.  So I'm not sure if that will be before this video or after this video but you will see this item in that video as well. Paid $10 at a garage sale last week took a best offer of $550. It's a 1939 New York World's Fair Deco Saturn Lamp by Howells and this is what it looks like. We sourced this beauty from Goodwill for $5.79. My kids disbared or no I'm sorry not disbared. My kids dispersed. I'm reading what they wrote so I apologize.  I had just finished getting my toddler in the buggy when my oldest daughter handed me this and said I think I seen this name in the Bolo group on Facebook. My heart about stopped when I seen it. It was definitely a start the car moment. We listed it for $114.99 and had a few watchers. After spending sending out offers it sold for $104.99 plus shipping and yes I did give my daughter part of the profit. It is a Mackenzie Child's Flower Market Squashed Pot Lapis Pre-Owned and this is what it looks like. That is so funny. So her daughter is helping her source and she remembered it. I wonder how old her daughter is. Found by Chance Bolo Buddy's member. This is her eBay store and a Bolo Buddy's member means they have joined memberships on my YouTube channel at level two or higher to get a shout out in the video which means I pop up their eBay store or YouTube channel and link them down below. So be sure to check out that description for Bolo Finders their YouTube channels and their eBay stores. She said I bought these at an estate sale in a baggie together for 10. Hawkeye doesn't go for much but Hotlip does. Hotlips does. Hmm sold them together on eBay for a best offer of 45 in the buyer page shipping so it's their MASH the movie MASH or TV show MASH M-A-S-H so it looks like they're two separate figures Hawkeye and Hotlips and Hotlips is the Bolo I guess. I don't know who's who. I don't know but anyway there you have it. Sold for 45. She also found this. I bought these at another estate sale. It was this company's first sale and things were priced too high and he had a lot left over. I got there 30 minutes before closing and since there was still a lot left he was making deals. I got a lot of vintage action figures for a good deal. I think I spent about $1.50 in this set. I sold it on Mercari for 22 and the buyer paid shipping. In case you can't see the title it's a vintage 1974 76 Fisher Price Adventure People Motorcycle Dirt Bike Cycle Sidecar Lot and this is what it looks like. Yeah toys and plush do really well on Mercari. If you're not on Mercari there's a link down below. If you use that link to join you're going to get $10 to shop and an additional $20 to shop when you sell $100 worth of stuff. So that's $30 total when you use my referral link down below to join Mercari and then they also give me some money to shop so I really appreciate it when you guys use that link. And this is her third Bolo and she said I have to add this. Bought these at the Goodwill for about $6. I had this set of plush cross listed on eBay. I listed for $49.95. I got an offer for $30 and countered at $44.95. The counter expired and good thing because a few days later I sold it on Etsy for my listing price of $59.95. Buyer paid shipping and was all in for $75.25. 1980 where the wild things are 14 inch stuffed animal plush Monster Moshi and Bernard. And this is what they look like. Hey there. I bought a fully furnished Lundby, I'm not sure how to say it, dollhouse from an online auction for $34. It was definitely worth the one hour drive to pick it up because I just sold the dollhouse alone for $300 on Facebook Marketplace in less than 12 hours. The dollhouse sat in my money pile for a few months because I was afraid to ship it. I decided to bite the bullet and listed on eBay cross posting it on all platforms. Luckily a local buyer bought it and I didn't have to ship it after all. Thanks for all you do Courtney. You're welcome and thank you for sharing your Bolo. This one comes from Piece of Scrap and she focuses mostly on clothing and shoes and accessories and stuff like that. So check her out and she said paid $3.75 cents at the Goodwill sold for $124.04 on Depop. I'm new to Depop so this was a pleasant surprise. Awesome. Yeah so if you use List Perfectly you can cross post to like I don't know 10 or 12 different platforms. I start on eBay and I cross post to Facebook. No not Facebook. I'm sorry I cross post from eBay to Mercari and Poshmark. I used to do Facebook and Etsy and a little bit of grailed but it just got to be too much with YouTube and whatnot and all the other things I'm doing. Three eBay Mercari and Poshmark is all I'm doing right now but List Perfectly is fantastic for getting your items on other platforms fast. If you would like to learn more about List Perfectly there is a demo video down below. I know for me I like to see it how it works. I want somebody to walk me through it and I want to know exactly what I'm getting. So in that video I do that for you guys. If you watch it and you feel like it's something that would help you with your business which I'm pretty sure it will definitely use my referral link or code it's Bolo Buddies all one word and that will get you 30% off your first month of List Perfectly. But watch the video first make sure it's something you're going to use but I am sure you're going to like it. I don't know how you couldn't. I mean it gets those items on other platforms fast. I've been using it since 2019 and I still absolutely love it so check that out. Okay this one comes from Bolo Buddies member Fortune88 and she said hi I got this at a thrift store for $7.99. Sold on eBay for $89.99. My eBay store is Fortune88. I do not have a YouTube channel. It is a grillbot automatic grill cleaning robot and this is what it looks like. Yes you do not have to have a YouTube channel to be a Bolo Buddies member. I can feature your eBay store so either one works great. I do need for you to reach out to me and get me a link to your eBay store because I do not have that. So if you can message me on Facebook that would be fantastic if you're watching. All right Noni's Treasure House. She is a Bolo Buddies member also not on YouTube. This is her eBay store. She'll be linked down below. She said got this Johnsonville Sausage Grill at the Goodwill for $9.99 and sold oh she said paid up for but heard it was a Bolo. After watching your another YouTuber list one of these and sold it for $179. I quickly listed and quickly sold it for $159.99 plus shipping and this is what it looks like. So yes watching YouTube videos to learn about Bolo's throw them on while you work. Listen while you work. That sounds like the seven dwarfs. Is that the seven dwarfs? Listen while you no I'm not going to sing but you know what I'm talking about. I don't even think it's the seven dwarfs. You guys let me know what that one is. Anyway I don't even think that's the right phrase. Listen while you work. It's whistle while you work. Oh my. All right found these at the Goodwill Benz. So probably $2. Vintage Groylor Disney ornaments lotted them together and sold on an offer of $60. Groylor G-R-O-L-I-E-R. I'm not sure if I'm saying that right but they are Christmas ornaments and this is what they look like and they are Disney. This is also from Noni's Treasure House. Got this Carter's Waffle Weave Puppy pastel colored small plush at the Goodwill Benz. So under $2 and of course because of watching you Courtney and your great tips I knew it was something to get. Sold for $49.99 and I believe the buyer paid shipping. Yeah anything that's waffle, terry cloth, parachute material look those up. I have lots of plush videos on my channel so check those out. Got it free from my son. Great sale. It is a meteoroid prime two it's some sort of Gamecube game from 2004 with manual and this is what it looks like. Sold for $45. I found this Franklin planner at the Benz. It looks brand new unused. My husband was with me as I was looking at it and he said no one uses those anymore to which I said well it's cheap enough I'm just going to grab it and look it up later. I'm glad I did. Sold it for $149 and paid $2 for it. It's a classic Franklin Covey Anna leather snap binder starlight blue. That's awesome. This one comes from Bolo Buddies member Picker Money Flipper and this is her YouTube channel and eBay store. Paid $2 at a yard sale. This magazine sold for $75.61 plus shipping. This magazine was in fair condition but it was in really but if it was in really good condition it could go for 200. It's a Super Mario RPG legend of the seven stars Nintendo players guide so it's a Nintendo guide. Picker Money Flipper paid $3 at a yard sale for this t-shirt. I accepted an offer of 50 plus shipping. It is a rare Elvis Bob's Big Boy hamburgers white t-shirt extra large t-shirt made in the 90s.  I apologize with all the blop blop blop. All right I bought four of these vintage type writing papers at an estate sale. Paid $2 a piece with an average price of 65 a piece plus shipping is that that's the sold price. Vintage Eaton's Corosable Typewriter Paper one ream 67.96 on this one and I think some of the other ones sold for more. I think they were in another video and maybe she's sold some for less but definitely a great pickup. Bought about 10 months ago at a yard sale for $10 sold on McCurry for $229 free shipping. Shipping costs 12. It is a vintage Jim Shore Mickey Mouse figurine Disney peekaboo Halloween glows. Jim Shore is great. Vintage Halloween is great. Lots of things go in there. Great pickup. Sourcing at a local Goodwill and my daughter found this Henley. She saw the MSRP and grabbed it. I paid $5.49 for it and I took a best offer of $180 less than 24 hours later. Alp and Rock is the brand. ALP and Rock. Alp and Rock a pre-ski epic skier Henley embroidered ski veil patches red. Is it clothing? I'm still not sure what it is but that's what it looks like. Purchased at a local thrift for $2 sold for asking price of 56 within one week. I was just walking past the baby section and spied these. Then went to a corner and searched sold listings. Original Johnson's baby lotion large pink fresh new sealed discontinued and this is what it looks like. I visited a very small basically tiny local thrift store. It's located two miles from my house and saw this adorable plate that catches my eye. Didn't know anything about branding or anything about the plate at all just grabbed it for $3.99 and when I got home I started doing the research and moved on. Listed the item at 125 sold in a week through promotional listings without any offers for a full price of 125. It's a rare fits in Floyd exotic jungle platter centerpiece and this is what it looks like. I found this Scooby-Doo mug at my favorite St. Vincent store here in Washington state. I couldn't find any comps when I researched so I figured it was pretty good find. I listed it and sold it within a few days for $36 so it is a Scooby-Doo mug. Thank you for allowing our posts and giving us great content. Here we have a Snow Baby's Bell Disney character. We picked up at a yard sale for $1. Sold it about three weeks for $109. Thank you again and this is what it looks like. It's a Department 56 Snow Babies Walt Disney A Rose for Bell. So it looks like, is it Beauty and the Beast? Bell? Yeah, I think so. Purchased these at a yard sale last weekend for $5. Sold for full asking price within two hours. Took me about 20 minutes to clean them up. Thoreau Good Men's 1957 series six inch waterproof steel toe boots. $94.99 is what they sold for. Bought it in a state sale for $80. Whoa, paid $80. Listed for $499.97. Sent out offers 20% off after I had a few people watching it and it sold for $399.98 after about a week. It's a Pirates of the Caribbean Jack Sparrow figure by Hot Toys and this is what it looks like. All right, you guys, thank you so much for being here. Thank you for watching. Be sure to like, comment, subscribe and share. There's going to be a whole bunch of these videos in this series. The September post is up. Here's the September post. Definitely go share a Bolo and I will feature it in a video just like this. Link down below my link tree. You can join the Facebook group through that. Thank you all so much for being here. Thank you to everybody that shared a Bolo. Thank you to all of you that watched. Be sure to like, comment, subscribe and share and thanks for watching. I was just looking for my phone. I'm like, where did I put my phone? I'm recording with it. Oh my goodness. All right, let's get started. Flipper money shipper? No.


That Halloween event that Frontier alluded to a few weeks back, it started. If you enjoy this video remember to subscribe to the channel and turn on notifications and if you'd like to support our work you'll also find us on Patreon, links to everything you need are in the description below. Late yesterday morning UK time Frontier tweeted this image with no text, say for a few seemingly random full stops and a web link. The web link takes you to the Instagram page for Elite Dangerous where at the time there was a single new post. A simple image with what appears to be binary code on it. When commanders started asking questions on the Twitter post the only replies they got were in the form of full stops. Suffice to say the binary image was poured over on both Instagram and Twitter but running it through a binary translator only spewed out some seemingly random, unconnected characters. Speculation continued apace but with no more details and billions of stars and planets it was difficult to say the least what Frontier might be alluding to. Then a few hours later Instagram lit up again with another different binary image. Ok this clearly isn't done yet, there's more here. Putting the two images together still produced spurious characters and mass confusion but when a third image appeared on Instagram the following characters could be fully decoded from all the ones and zeros. To Ching the Stones. Is that touching the stones? Or is the to Ching just part of another word like maybe bewitching the stones? Here at the pit when we put the three current released binary images together and match up the characters that had been split down the middle our first thought was that there looked to be a 2 and a 6 spell out in the characters but that's not enough on its own to take you anywhere and besides humans are creatures of pattern recognition and we'll see things in seemingly random images that's why people see shapes in clouds or the face of Father Christmas in a pizza topping when it's not really there. We probably won't know any more until Frontier's Instagram or Twitter feeds decides to light up again but for now if you put stones into the in-game galaxy map you only get two systems come up they both have stations in them that feature the word stones in the name Mabazo and Lord26 Lord26 is a binary star system with Gleecy293B and Gleecy293B is orbited by one lone metal rich planet. The game has some scheduled downtime for five hours on Thursday morning UTC that's quite unusual Frontier themselves are streaming on Thursday evening To keep up with what we think is probably an ongoing trail be sure to monitor all of Elite's social media feeds Instagram and Twitter in particular So what do you think is going on here? Is there more to be found? Have we missed anything? Let us know in the comments below