The next item of business is a statement by Nicola Sturgeon on a Covid-19 update. The First Minister will take questions at the end of her statement, and so there should be no interventions or interruptions, and I call on Nicola Sturgeon. At the outset of the statement today, I can confirm that there will be no immediate changes to the Covid levels of protection that currently apply to different parts of the country. However, I will provide a general update on the state of the pandemic and, of course, I will address any question that members have. First, though, let me report on today's statistics. Yesterday, there was a total of 695 positive cases reported, which is 5 per cent of the total number of tests, and the number of confirmed cases in Scotland now stands at 241,864. There are 121 people currently in hospital, which is one fewer than yesterday, and 12 people in intensive care, which is the same number as yesterday. I am also pleased to report that no deaths were reported over the course of yesterday, which means that the total number of deaths registered under the daily definition remains 7,677. Once again, my deepest condolences go to all those who have lost a loved one. Let me turn now to the vaccination programme. It is now exactly six months since the first Covid vaccine was administered, and progress then has been remarkable. As of 7.30 this morning, 3,403,866 people across Scotland have received their first dose of the vaccine. That is an increase of 17,545 since yesterday. Most importantly, it means that almost exactly three quarters of the adult population in Scotland has now received a first dose of the vaccine. In addition, 30,944 people received a second dose yesterday, and that brings the total number of second doses administered to 2,282,203. That means that more than half of the adult population is now fully vaccinated with two doses. Those are significant and really heartening milestones. As ever, I want to thank everyone involved in delivering the vaccination programme across the country. Last week, the Medicines and Healthcare Products regulatory agency approved the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for use among 12 to 15-year-olds. That is also really good news, as it indicates that the particular vaccine is safe for use in children of that age. The Scottish Government is now awaiting advice from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation on the vaccination of children in those age groups. I am sure that everybody will agree that it is vital that we continue to rely on expert advice in all of our vaccination decisions. However, vaccination may very well be a really important way of giving children greater protection, minimising any further disruption to schooling, and further reducing community transmission of Covid. I can confirm that, if the JCVI recommends the use of the vaccine for children aged 12 and over, we will move as quickly as practically possible to implement their advice. However, we continue to focus on vaccinating all adults as quickly as possible. That remains absolutely crucial in the race that we are in between the virus and the vaccines. As today's figures show, case numbers in Scotland do continue to rise. In the last week, in fact, they have increased by approximately 50 per cent. Over the past seven days, there has been a net increase of 5,475 new cases. That is a rise from 3,728 in the seven days prior to that. That will partly be a consequence of restrictions easing. It is always the case, and we have always made it clear that, as we start interacting more, the virus does have more opportunities to spread. However, the recent rise is also being driven by the more transmissible delta variant, which now accounts for the majority of all new cases being reported. However, although cases are rising, the key question is the extent to which vaccination is weakening the link between the increase in new cases and an increase in serious health harms. We continue to assess the data very closely. At this stage, it is important to be very clear that we remain optimistic that vaccination will allow us to move progressively to a less restrictive way of dealing with Covid. We already have evidence that two doses of vaccine give protection against serious illness, even with the new delta variant. As I confirmed earlier, more than half of the adult population in Scotland has now had two doses. That includes more than 90 per cent of people aged over 60 and more than 80 per cent of those over 50. Of course, those are the age groups most at risk of falling seriously ill if they get the virus. As I indicated last week, vaccination may be reducing the proportion of people who require hospital treatment as a result of Covid. At the start of the year, around 10 per cent of new Covid cases were admitted to hospital over the course of May. That was 5 per cent. That said, it is important that we continue to monitor the data so that the full impact of the delta variant can be properly assessed. There is also encouraging evidence that the length of time people are spending in hospital is reducing. We have taken all of that into account. Just as we all hoped, vaccination may well be giving us more scope to ease restrictions and therefore reduce the social, economic and wider health harms that the response to the virus so far has caused. However, although all of those signs are very positive indeed, there is a need for continued caution, especially while a significant proportion of the population has not yet had both doses and so remain more vulnerable to becoming ill and needing hospital treatment. The number of people in hospital may not be rising as quickly as the number of new cases, but even so it has roughly doubled in the past month. If cases continue to rise, we will see that trend continue. Even though, on average, people may be spending less time in hospital, it is still the case that if you end up in hospital because of Covid, the virus has made you seriously unwell. Of course, in some cases, those who suffer from long Covid, for example, you can be seriously ill without ever having to go to hospital. In summary, our position is still fragile. Case numbers are higher than we would like. The virus does still cause serious health harm and, of course, it still has the potential to put pressure on our health service. That is why we must continue to assess the data carefully as we make decisions about whether and when to ease restrictions further. On the upside, and I want to stress that it is a very significant upside. The vaccines do appear to be doing their jobs and that should give us all firm grounds for optimism. It is, of course, why our top priority and a key consideration in our future decisions remains the speed at which we can vaccinate people so that as many as possible get the added protection against serious illness as quickly as possible. While it is the vaccines that are offering us real hope for the future, it remains the case that we all have a role to play in getting us back to normal. I want to finish by reiterating the three key requests that are being made of all of us. First, please get tested regularly. Freelateral flow tests are available through the NHS informed website so that you can take a test twice a week. I strongly encourage everyone to do that. Taking a test tells us if we might have the virus, even if we do not have the symptoms of it. Of course, if you test positive, please make sure that you self-isolate and get the lateral flow result confirmed through a PCR test. That is vitally important. The more we all do test, the more cases we can find and the more we can break chains of transmission. Secondly, make sure that you get vaccinated when you are invited to do so and please make sure that you attend for both doses. If you need to rearrange an appointment or if you think that you should have had an invitation by now and want to check up on that or if you are aged 18 to 29 and have not yet registered for your appointment to make sure that all your details are up to date, please go to the vaccination section of the NHS informed website. Getting vaccinated is in our own best interests. Whatever age we are, it will make it less likely that we become seriously ill from Covid, but it also helps us to protect each other. Getting vaccinated is likely to be the single most important thing that most of us will do this year to protect our family, our friends and our neighbours.  Finally, please continue to stick to the rules where you live and follow all of the public health advice. I know that this becomes more and more difficult as time goes on and I also know that as restrictions ease bit by bit and we try to get back to normal, any apparent anomalies in the rules and advice can be frustrating. We are trying to strike the best and the most appropriate balance overall, but I readily concede that it is not perfect. However, there are some principles that we can and should all follow. Meet outdoors as much as possible. No environment is ever entirely risk-free in any sense, but in relation to Covid, meeting people outdoors does pose less risk than meeting indoors. If you are meeting indoors, please stick to the limits and make sure that the room is as well ventilated as possible. Please continue to follow advice on physical distancing, hand washing and face coverings. All of us long to see the back of all of these mitigations, but for now basic measures to prevent transmission are really important and effective against all variants of the virus. In summary and conclusion, please get tested regularly, get vaccinated when you are asked to do so and continue to follow the public health guidance. If we all do that, we will help to keep the virus under control while the vaccination programme continues to do its work. That will help to keep ourselves and each other safe and maximise, I hope, the opportunity of a summer of fewer restrictions and much greater freedom. Thank you. The First Minister will now take questions on the issues raised in her statement. I intend to allow around 40 minutes for questions after which we will move on to the next item of business. It would be helpful if members who wish to ask a question were to press their request to speak buttons now. I call Douglas Ross. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. Today is exactly six months since the first person here in Scotland and others across the United Kingdom began to be vaccinated against Covid-19. I think that it is a moment for us all to pause and reflect on the huge success of the vaccination programme. I express our thanks to the NHS, the volunteers and the British Armed Forces, who have ensured that 75 per cent of adults in Scotland are now protected with the first dose of the vaccine and 50 per cent are protected with both doses. It is also encouraging that younger people may soon be able to safely get the Covid vaccine as well. That is because the vaccination scheme is our route out of both the restrictions and the pandemic. I hope that, once the JCVI makes its recommendations on the safety of this use for 12 to 15-year-olds, we are able to make swift progress so that young people's education is not disrupted any further. Just last week, the First Minister outlined in her statement to Parliament when she was announcing that many areas of Scotland would remain in level 2 rather than the move to level 1, as she had expected. She said, and I quote, "...we could still see a significant burden of illness and death and severe pressure on our NHS." Yet, a week on, we have heard nothing from the First Minister or her Government to back up that claim. We are at a difficult point in this pandemic when we need the public onside with the restrictions that they continue to live with, yet we are not hearing from the Government evidence to support very strong statements such as the significant burden of illness and death and severe pressure on the NHS. That statement, as a whole, is telling for what it misses out and who it ignores. Nothing for people protesting outside the Parliament today about the restrictions of place centres. Nothing for venues confused why numbers for christenings are more limited than those for comedy shows. Nothing for couples frustrated that their wedding numbers had to be limited to just 50 at the last minute, and nothing for parents who want to be there in person to be with their young children as they graduate from nursery primary school. The First Minister referenced apparent anomalies in the rules, but she has not said anything about what she will do about those if anything. Will she explain to people and businesses who are left wondering why 6,000 people can attend a fan zone without mandatory testing for the limits on weddings, christenings and hospitality in general remain so strict? Will she re-examine the limits on weddings and funerals for areas in level 2? What specific reasons are there for the on-going restrictions to soft place centres who are currently protesting outside and this is an answer that I think they will listen to closely? Finally, will she agree to find a solution so that parents can see their young children graduate from nursery to primary school? I will do my best to address all of those points, but the one thing that I would say in an overarching sense is that none of that is easy. Those decisions require good quality clinical advice, but they also require judgment and the ability sometimes to make decisions that people do not want to hear, because that is really difficult. We should try to navigate our way through that in a way that shows as much leadership as possible. That is what I will continue to do and continue to be accountable and to do my best to explain decisions to people across the country. On the issue of vaccination, we are already doing the planning to extend the vaccination programme to children over 12. Should the JCVI recommend that, of course, it is the MHRA that opines on the safety and on balance of the vaccination, the JCVI has got to look at the clinical implications of vaccination, the priorities in terms of order of the population versus the supply and other matters like that. All of us across the UK or four nations followed the JCVI advice and it is right and proper that we do so. In anticipation of the JCVI giving the go-ahead to vaccination of over 12, we have already started that planning. As I said in my statement, we will move to implement any such advice as quickly as possible. It is important that we continue to follow clinical prioritisation. That is why we started with the frailest, oldest people and have worked our way down the age cohorts, making sure that those with underlying health conditions of whatever age they are get vaccinated as quickly as possible. On the second point raised by Douglas Ross, I have to say that I struggle to understand, but I am going to do my best. I said last week that I do not think that there is a leader of any Government anywhere in the UK or anywhere in the world who would say anything different. As we face rising cases again and while we are still learning about the efficacy of the virus, it is the case that rising cases, particularly while we have a significant proportion of the population not fully vaccinated, could lead to a significant burden of illness, hospitalisation and death. The operative word there is could. Clearly, I do not want to ever be standing here bearing out that statement because I really hope that does not happen. What we do—Douglas Ross said that he has not heard anything from the Government since I made that statement last week—that is just factually wrong. We publish every single day the numbers that are in hospital and the numbers that are in intensive care and the numbers that are losing their life to this virus, so people can see on a daily basis what is happening in terms of the burden of hospitalisation, those needing intensive care and those dying from this illness. In my view, one person losing their life is one too many, but we can see at this early stage a weakening of the link between rising cases and the burden of illness. We have to be cautious because it is too early to be absolutely definitive that this new variant will not change that dynamic. Secondly, even if we are seeing that link continue to break, as long as we still have a proportion of the population not fully vaccinated, a proportion of them ending up in hospital would still create a significant burden in our health service. We have to look at that carefully. All the evidence so far is positive, but it would be utterly irresponsible to deny the potential reality of the rising cases that we are seeing now that are causing that increased burden. We monitor that and publish data on a daily basis. If Douglas Ross wants to listen to the Prime Minister and the Prime Minister's clinical advisers south of the border, I suspect that he is more likely to listen to them than he is to listen to me. He will hear pretty much the same calculations and considerations under way, as they have to make a decision next week about whether to go ahead with the next round of planned easing in England on 21 June. We are all grappling with that and to try to do it to the best of our ability to take that recognition and that attempt to show strong and clear leadership to people, which I think is incumbent on all leaders, not just those of us in government. In relation to soft play, the clinical advice that the Government has had is that, given the indoor environment—there is a big difference between indoor and outdoor environments, but the indoor environment, coupled with the particular characteristics of soft play, means that it continues to pose a risk. Of course, soft plays in level 1 areas can reopen and we hope that more parts of the country over the next few weeks will go to level 1. The finance secretary set out an intention to continue to provide financial support in the meantime. I wish that everywhere could open immediately, but I have a duty to try to do that in a way that keeps people as safe as possible. That means continuing to consider things in the round. There will always be apparent anomalies. I wish that there were apparent anomalies. We try to avoid that, but as we try, bit by bit, step by step, to get the country back to normal, we have to make sure that we are striking the right overall balance. It is not easy, I am afraid, but it is necessary and it is the job that I am determined to continue to do. I thank the First Minister for her prior sight of her statement and six months on from the first vaccine. I thank our vaccinators and our volunteers for giving our country hope. Although there are definitely signs of progress, the rise in cases and the increase in hospitalisations shows that we cannot be complacent and we must accelerate our response. Is the First Minister still intending to review the next stage of easing of the restrictions on 28 July? If so, will she commit to an ambitious target of double-dosing everyone aged over 40 and at least one dose for everyone aged over 18 by that date? Our target was 400,000 vaccinations a week. I want us to hit that target and go beyond that target to make that a reality. Can we also, in those areas where there is a high turnover rate in terms of property turnover and low attendance rate, ramp up the opening of walk-in vaccination centres so that people can access those vaccinations without requiring a letter? We can continue to go forwards and not backwards. On the issue of soft plays, it is important that we maintain public trust throughout the response to the pandemic. The way that we do that is maintaining strong communications but also the consistency of decision making. Does the First Minister recognise why the soft play industry believes that there is an inconsistency in decision making given what is happening south of the border and what is happening in Scotland? Will she agree to meet with them and to work with them so that they can safely reopen their premises in level 2, such as other parts of the UK, so that we can save jobs, protect Scotland's economy and get our country's mental health and wellbeing back on track? I will address most of those points. Last week, First Minister's questions and asked Sarwar, as he is entitled to do, posed a series of questions to me that criticised me for, in his words—it is not necessarily a characterisation that I would accept, but in his words simply following what was happening south of the border in an earlier stage of the pandemic. He stands here and says, why am I not just doing exactly the same as south of the border? We have to take decisions based on our own clinical advice that we think are right. What I do recognise is that people do see perceived inconsistencies. Sometimes they will be right and we have amended things in the past with particular premises where it did appear to be genuinely inconsistent. Sometimes the inconsistency will be perceived because there is a good reason why soft play, for example, cannot open in level 2, while other things can. I absolutely accept that there is a need to communicate that as clearly as possible, but I also accept that if you are running a business that remains closed, that is always understandably going to be very difficult to accept. I really do appreciate that, but the important thing here is trying to navigate our way through this as safely as possible. At every stage of this, it has been the case that if we simply opened up everything, we would be overwhelming our ability to cope. We sometimes have to be limited in what we do, recognising that we have to continue, and Annasar was saying, to work with people and compensate people. I accept that and we will continue to seek to do that. On the issues of vaccination, we are vaccinating as quickly as our supplies allow. I would love us to be doing more, but the constraining factor is supply. We are the latest seven-day rolling total number of new first and second doses, which is 343,548. We will get that above that if supplies allow. That is what is limiting our speed of vaccination, but our speed of vaccination is very fast. If you look at first doses, people over 60, pretty much 100 per cent, 99, 100 per cent done, over 50, 50 to 54, 93 per cent done, 40 to 49, 86 per cent, 30 to 39, 58 per cent. Even in the 18 to 29-year-old age group, 27 per cent have had their first doses. Over 50 per cent have had the second dose, so they are fully vaccinated. In the younger age groups, 40 to 49, already 29 per cent have had the second dose, 20 per cent of 30 to 39-year-olds and 14 per cent of 18 to 29-year-olds. We will speed that up as much as supplies allow us to do. On the point of review, it is 28 June that the next day is, and that was simply a slip, but just to be clear, 28 June. I will set out in Parliament on 21 June what our expectation is of going ahead or not or to what extent we will go ahead, and that will be informed by the latest data. Between now and then, of course, as far and as quickly as supplies allow, we will be getting as many people as possible vaccinated, not just with one but with two doses. The First Minister refers again, as she has in the past, to the race between the vaccine and the virus. It should be clear to us all by now that a global pandemic is the kind of race where we are only when everybody wins. We are only safe when everybody is safe. Does the First Minister therefore support the open letter that has been written by UNICEF and supporters to the leaders of the G7 about the global vaccination programme for developing countries? COVAX, they point out, is a 190 million doses shot of where it needs to be. If developing countries with more limited health infrastructure get large numbers of vaccine doses late, that will not lead to mass vaccination, it will lead to mass wastage. What response does the First Minister hope will come from the G7 leaders to this call for earlier, larger-scale and more predictable donations of vaccine by rich countries to developing countries? How can Scotland's voice be added to the call for greater ambition on the global aspects of this pandemic? I broadly support the terms of the UNICEF letter. I hope to see coming out of the G7 and agreement that there is a real responsibility on the part of the G7 to help to speed up vaccination not just in the countries of the G7 but globally as well. I will continue to add as loudly as I can Scotland's voice to that. In summary, we need to seek to do two things, make sure that the supplies of the vaccine that are available in the world are as equitably as possible distributed. I think that we have to avoid the risk of false choices that have been put before us. The supplies, through the very good procurement that the UK has done, mean that we should not see this as a choice between, for example, vaccinating children and playing our part in helping global vaccination. However, the second thing that we need to do is to support efforts to ramp up production of vaccinations in as many parts of the world as possible. It is absolutely the case that, although we are really focused on vaccinating our own population as quickly as possible, because that is our first contribution to ending this global pandemic, we will not end the pandemic until the whole world manages to exit from it. The best chance that we have of exiting from it is through mass vaccination. We have all got a part to play in that. The richest countries in the world have a real model obligation to lead that effort. It is carers week, but 72 per cent of unpaid carers have not had a break since the pandemic began. Last week, I asked the First Minister to reopen day services for adults with special needs. In response, the relevant minister issued a new letter today with a link to the old guidance, so nothing has really changed in the last week. It makes no difference what level you live in. The barriers to reopening are just the same. People are getting desperate, so will the Government issue new guidance to give local authorities the clarity that they need to get those services open once again? I understand the desire for that. I share the desire for that. On previous occasions, that is Willie Rennie to accept that there is no minister in the Government that is somehow standing in the way of that for any other reason than that the clinical position will still be that we need to be cautious and take precautions. Yes, we will get to a position of issuing new guidance, more permissive guidance as quickly as possible. I have said very clearly and repeat against today that we need to prioritise things like that, but nobody is trying to hold up moves like that for any other reason than trying to keep the most vulnerable in our society as safe as possible. However, I will make sure that the health ministers look again at this issue, given that it has been raised again, to see whether it is possible to speed that up, to go more quickly and to have more distinction between the different levels of protection that apply. 16.1 per cent of all jobs that were created in the United Kingdom last year through foreign direct investment were generated in Scotland—some 4,500 remarkable in a pandemic year. Given that across the 12 nations and regions of the UK, Scotland has attracted the second highest number of overseas backed investments after London in every year since 2014, does the First Minister agree that it is time for unionist politicians to dispense with the scarce stories about this Government's commitment to independence deterring investment, desist from talking down Scotland and back the outward looking creative and innovative nation that Scotland is as we recover from Covid-19? I would suggest perhaps that the member is strained beyond the bounds of the statement. If the First Minister has a relevant response to the statement that may help Mr Gibson. I think that yesterday's EY Scotland attractiveness survey should be welcomed by everybody across the chamber, and we should bring ourselves together to welcome it, because what it does show is that in the face of a global pandemic, Scotland remained the top UK inward investment destination outside of London. Indeed, that has been the case for eight of the last 10 years. We also managed to grow our inward investment at a time when it shrunk across the UK as a whole. So whatever our different political viewpoints, whatever our different ambitions for the country, surely in the face of this really tough time that we are facing as a country, we can all come together to welcome some thoroughly good news for the Scottish economy. I call Annie Wells to be followed by Bob Dorris. A recent figure showed that fewer than one in every 20 pupils in S3 to S6 took part in the Covid-19 testing programme, and for younger secondary pupils, uptake was just 6.3 per cent. And worryingly, despite being in the grip of an outbreak, rates of asymptomatic testing in the schools in Glasgow were the lowest in the country. Given recent warnings from public health experts that skilled children are driving the epidemic in Scotland, what action will the First Minister take to ensure that there is an adequate testing regime in place? There is an adequate testing regime in place. All senior school pupils are able to access tests, and many do. While we cannot mandate and force young people to take the test, all of us—and I would include all members of the Parliament in our constituencies—can encourage young people to do that. Like many other people across the chamber, I have family members in that age cohort that Annie Wells mentioned. I know that for any of us taking a lateral flow test is not something that we really want to have to do, but it is important, because it helps to determine whether somebody might have the virus, even if they are shown no symptoms, and then all the other protections can flow in behind that. Like many others, I do not have a magic wand to make 100 per cent of young people take those tests, but I will continue to encourage them to do so. They are easily available, and it really matters what people do. I would ask Annie Wells and others across the chamber to echo that, to add their voices to that and to get uptake as high as we possibly can. Bob Dorris, to be followed by Jackie Baillie. Presiding Officer, I pay tribute to the work of NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde in partners for the delivery of the vaccine programme in Glasgow.  I appreciate that there will always be occasions where a small number of appointments do not run smoothly during any mass vaccination campaign, but can I ask the First Minister to work with NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde to ensure that that does not become a particular issue in the city that I represent and that such instances are resolved quickly? Can I ask what information is available as to the efficacy of a second vaccination administered beyond 12 weeks? That is a really important issue. I want to start by giving an assurance that we do work closely with health boards on that issue. The first thing to say is that, in line with the latest advice from the JCVI, where vaccine supplies allow, we are bringing forward—or health boards are bringing forward—the second dose of vaccine from 12 weeks to 8 weeks. Many of us will know people who have had their second dose accelerated to within that timescale. However, Bob Dorris is right to say that, in a programme of this scale, there will always be small numbers that do not get what we want them to get or what we think they should have done. We are aware of a small percentage of the overall vaccinated population who have had to wait longer than 12 weeks for their second dose. For those whose second dose of the vaccine does run beyond the 12-week point, we encourage them to make contact with their local health board or attend one of the drop-in clinics that a number of local authorities are running. There will be a variety of reasons why that small number has not had their second dose within 12 weeks. However, get in touch with your local health board, check through the NHS informed website in order that that can be rectified. In response to the last part of Bob Dorris's question, while we do want people to be vaccinated within 12 weeks and, as far as supplies allow, now within that 8-week timescale, it is important to note that receiving a second dose beyond 12 weeks does not pose any clinical risk. Therefore, if somebody goes beyond that 12 weeks, there is no need to recommence the whole vaccination cycle. I welcome the news that the Pfizer vaccine has been approved for use in children aged 12 to 15. The First Minister will know of the case of Katie Steele, a young girl with cerebral palsy. Katie missed all of her second year at school and has barely been in during this academic year, and she is not alone. Katie's life and her family's lives would be transformed if she got the vaccine. Subject to the JCVI decision, will the First Minister commit to vaccinating all children in the 12 to 15 age group before schools return in August, and specifically prioritise vulnerable young people like Katie? I would absolutely love to stand here and give that commitment. I know of Katie and how important it is to her and, indeed, to her family and families of young people like her to get vaccinated as quickly as possible. I also know that people would agree that it should not be for me, with no clinical qualifications, to decide who gets vaccinated when. That is why expert advice is really important. There are a couple of issues that we have to await. First of those is the JCVI advice. They will advise on whether and in what order, and to what extent we should commend the vaccination of children over the age of 12. However, the other issue, which means that I cannot right now give that commitment in terms of the return of schools, is that the speed at which we will do that will be dependent on the supply of vaccines. At this stage—I hope that this is something that changes on the upside—the MHRA advice is only for the Pfizer vaccine, so it is only that one manufacturer that, at this stage, would be available for that. Supplies are not limitless, so we do not yet know exactly what the supplies would be in order for us to set out exactly how long it will take to vaccinate that section of the population. It may be, and I do not know because I have to wait and see the JCVI advice, that, just as with the adult population, they recommend an order of priority for children over the age of 12. That may take account of underlying health conditions and other factors. However, as soon as we have that advice, as soon as we have a clearer line of sight about supplies, we will inform Parliament of what our expectations are and what the likely timescale of any such extension is likely to be. Before I take the next member, I have much interest in the statement and the desire to ask questions from across the chamber. I would be very grateful for shorter questions and responses, and I call Christine Grahame. First Minister, can I ask if there will be a review of the vaccination status scheme? As I have constituents who are awaiting their second vaccination appointments, they did not receive those and logged on to check their own vaccination status to find out erroneously at a record that they had been vaccinated a second time, and then they had to go through the helpline and all that. Can I ask if there is to be an assessment of the whole vaccination programme and if that can be taken into account? Minority, though, matters. It will be a small minority, but every individual cares deeply about their ability to get vaccinated. NHS staff work to absolutely minimise any errors in recording and to rectify issues when they are identified. We are aware of some challenges that a small number of users have faced with the service, for example, where their first dose has been recorded twice in error, and where any cases like that are identified, the NHS works to resolve them as quickly as possible. We understand that, even in cases where someone's first dose has been marked on the individual's record twice, that should not prevent an appointment for a second dose being generated. Of course, wider work is under way to ensure that records are accurate and amended in ways that are auditable and have clinical oversight. Of course, in due course, our focus right now is on vaccinating people, but in due course we want to have a review of this first vaccination programme because I suspect that this will be a regular vaccination programme in the years ahead. Many cultural venues and festival organisers are understandably frustrated by the perceived inconsistency in physical distancing rules. In hospitality venues, people can be sat one metre from another without a face covering, but in cultural venues people must keep two metres apart and wear a face covering. Will the First Minister commit to urgently reviewing this discrepancy, especially in light of the various summer festivals that are about to occur across Scotland? I am sure that Donald Cameron is aware, because I am pretty sure that I said during last week's statement that we are currently undertaking a general review of physical distancing, and we will set out the conclusions of that as soon as possible. Joe Fitzpatrick, to be followed by Sarah Boyack. With Covid cases rising most deeply in some areas, including in parts of Tayside, can the First Minister advise what lessons have been learned from those areas that have recent experience of dealing with rising case numbers such as Glasgow and Murray, and whether similar public health measures are being implemented and considered in my constituency in Dundee and neighbouring areas to tackle our concerning rise in case numbers? The incident management team is actively managing the situation in Tayside, and I am grateful for their hard work. That includes deployment of mobile testing unit, targeted engagement through schools and community outreach, and the continued vaccination drive. There is, and I said this last week, a massive opportunity to share learning to support this. The Scottish Government has developed an outbreak management toolkit for local authorities and other partners. That toolkit was shared last week. It includes practical material on enhanced testing, accelerated vaccination and a communications toolkit to support local messaging. That draws on practical material shared by colleagues in Glasgow. Public Health Scotland continues to support lessons, learned activity and the national incident management team provides regular opportunity for each of the 14 health boards to share experience to. Sarah Boyack, to be followed by Stuart McMillan. Given that Edinburgh's incidence of Covid numbers has now overtaken Glasgow in terms of numbers per 100,000 over the last seven days, when will walking clinics be available for people aged over 18 to access vaccines urgently? What monitoring and testing is now being carried out across the city and workplaces both in public and private sectors and in our schools so that we can see urgent action when Covid transmission is identified to reduce its rapid spread throughout our city? The toolkit that I spoke about in my previous answer is available to NHS Lothian and to local authorities across the NHS Lothian area. It has plans in preparation for walking vaccination clinics and is also using testing as appropriate. During the height of the Glasgow outbreak, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde communicated very effectively with local MSPs—I am one of those, of course—and I will ask the health secretary to ensure that NHS Lothian is doing likewise with local members so that there is an understanding of all the outbreak measures that are being taken to try to bring transmission back under control. Stuart McMillan, to be followed by Graham Simpson. Thank you, Presiding Officer. As a result of no food or beverages being sold at Hamden for the upcoming Euro 2020 matches, some fans will have to wait for up to five hours in between eating or drinking, and that is because of an issue, particularly for those with underlying health issues. Whilst it is understandable that the decision was taken for health reasons, will fans be allowed to take food or beverages into Hamden for the four upcoming Euro 2020 matches? Well, concession stands will not be in operation for the Euro 2020 matches at Hamden as a result of all the mitigations that have had to be put in place. That is to ensure that physical distancing is possible on concurses when people are moving to and from their seats on entry and exit and when going to the toilet. However, spectators will be able to bring food with them into the stadium. I know that discussions are on going between the Scottish FA and UEFA to reach an agreement on what will be in place with regard to drinks, and UEFA will confirm the situation with all ticket holders. I will make sure that the member is updated when that has happened. Presiding Officer, I have written to Kate Forbes asking for extra help for the travel industry, particularly travel agents. I hope that the First Minister will agree to look at that. However, I want to ask about another issue concerning the industry. If someone travelled to a greenless country from an English airport, they could book a testing package using multiple providers for £60. If they flew from a Scottish airport, the Scottish Government says that they could only use one provider, CTM, and that same package would cost £195, and it is similar for amber countries. What can the First Minister do to bring down the cost and stop Scots from being ripped off? I am not sure if it was Graham Simpson who asked this question a couple of weeks ago. My answer is the same. We continue to look at those things, but we want to make sure that we have assurance and can give assurance around the quality of the testing that is in place. Why the difference? In many respects, the UK Government, and this is entirely up to them, choose to outsource more outside of the NHS than we decide to do in Scotland. We keep those things under review, but making sure that we have assurances around quality is really important. I hope that most people would understand and accept that. Over the past year, we have looked at different numbers at different times, be that the R number, the ICU capacity, the hospital capacity and sadly deaths. Can the First Minister say anything about the next few weeks and months and which figures we will really be focusing on? We have always relied on a range of indicators and criteria. We combine that with clinical advice, local intelligence about the state of the epidemic and judgment to construct a full, reliable and robust picture of the threat that Covid is posing across all of the four harms. We continue to monitor cases, obviously, but the number of hospital admissions, length of stay and deaths. When, as I hope, is the case, we become increasingly confident that vaccinations are breaking the link between case numbers and serious illness, then, while we will not ignore case numbers, the balance of factors that we take into account can change. We can, as I have said before, be less driven in our response purely because we are not driven purely, but by so much by case numbers. However, we have to do that carefully and allow the data to emerge so that we can properly assess it and not act prematurely in a way that would cause a significant burden of ill health and pressure on the NHS. Martin Whitfield will be followed by Emma Harper. Given that there cannot be a commitment to vaccinating schools by the end of the summer holidays, when can schools and education authorities expect amended Covid advice with regard to the safety in school, wearing of masks, bubbles, distancing and, particularly, school transport, given the rising infection rates that are linked to schools? The advisory group on education, which is a subgroup of the overall Covid Scottish Government advisory group, looks at the issues on an on-going basis. It is important that it does so and gives its views to ministers and ministers through the education recovery group have reached positions on the mitigations that are required to be in place. All of us want to see mitigations such as face coverings no longer being necessary, and that is particularly true when we are talking about young people in school. Right now, it is important that that is there as an added mitigation. We continue to review that as the situation overall and our understanding of the new variant and the wider impact of vaccines develop. The Scottish Government is rightly committed to ensuring that cancer screening and diagnostic services are prioritised as we continue to remobilise the Scottish NHS as we recover from Covid. Cervical cancer self-tests have been trialled in some health boards, including NHS D&G, and they have a potential to be an effective way for women to screen for HPV, and with 6,000 women in NHS D&G missing appointments, self-tests have also been proven to reduce the number of women who default on their appointment. Can the First Minister outline how cancer diagnostic services will be prioritised and, in particular, can she provide an update on the cervical cancer self-test roll-out? Self-sampling has significant potential to increase the take-up of screening and to make it easier for many who find the current process difficult. That said, the UK National Screening Committee is gathering evidence on the matter and has not yet recommended that self-sampling should be incorporated into the national cervical screening programme. We have convened a working group to explore the feasibility and requirements of different self-sampling models that will contribute to the evidence base, and that group brings together clinical and public health expertise, including representatives from the Dumfries and Galloway study. Introducing self-sampling to the national cervical screening programme will not be an insignificant undertaking, but we are working hard to ensure that Scotland is well placed to implement any national screening committee recommendations when we have them. Finlay Carson, to be followed by Gillian Martin. First Minister, I am sure that you are aware of the significant backlog in people waiting to sit both a practical and theory driving test. My constituency of Galloway and Western Fries, poor or non-existent public transport, makes it imperative that young people obtain their driver licence quickly to allow them to get to work. There are genuine concerns for businesses this summer, particularly those in hospital and agriculture who are struggling right now to find employees. I have contacted DVSA, who state that capacity at most theory sites in Scotland is still at 50 per cent as a result of the Scottish Government's 2m physical distancing restrictions, despite the exam conditions. Will the First Minister look to relax the rule in order that DVSA can increase testing capacity and ease the plight of many linear drivers and do what she can do to address long delays in sitting both theory and practical driving tests? I know how important that is, and I know how frustrating it is that there is obviously an economic imperative to have people able to sit driving tests, but it is one of the rights of passage for young people that have been disrupted over the past year or more. Obviously, it is really important for them that we get this back on track. All of these issues are complex and they are unfortunately rarely straightforward. 2m physical distancing in certain environments remains a really important mitigation, but yes, this is an important issue. We are and will continue to look at this to see how quickly we can increase the capacity and get these backlogs down as quickly as possible. I absolutely understand the importance of this, and I will make sure that the transport minister keeps members updated. The pandemic has had a significant impact on young people, particularly on their chances of employment. The First Minister has appointed a minister who is specifically tasked with supporting youth employment. Can the First Minister provide any further information about steps that the Scottish Government has taken to support young people to access employment and training? The young person's guarantee is obviously central to those efforts, and I think that it will be increasingly important as we go through the next few years and hopefully through recovery from Covid. We will also continue to work very closely with local authorities and with schools to minimise any on-going disruption to children's education and their ability to go on from school to further higher education or into training and employment. Obviously, one of the key things that we are doing right now is working to get people vaccinated, including the younger groups in the population. That is going extremely well. However, as we come out of this pandemic, there is no doubt that, as part of the overall recovery, the previous question relating to driving tests is only one aspect of that, but it is not an important aspect of that. I think that we need to prioritise recovery from young people who have borne so much of the brunt of what we have all gone through over the past year. Hundreds of thousands of my constituents are living under level 2 restrictions with no indication of when they will move to level 1. The councils currently in level 1 know that they may move to level 0 provisionally on the 28th. My question is, when will the Scottish Government set out revised planning for when the 14 councils affected will move to levels 1 and 0? Perhaps Stephen Kerr took a bit more time to understand the situation. He would know that what he has just said there is not really accurate at all. The next review of all the levels of protection happens on 21 June. Of course, there may be circumstances that require us to move more quickly than that, but I hope not. On 21 June, I will set out for every area of the country what we expect the level of protection to be from 28 June. That covers those in level 1, which we hope can go to level 0, but also those currently in level 2, which we hope can go to level 1. However, we need to assess the data nearer the time. That is the three-weekly review cycle that we have committed to and that is what we will continue. I wish that I could wave a magic wand and get every area of the country, not just into level 0, but beyond level 0. However, we have to do that carefully and we have to do that in a way that protects our progress and allows us to get as many people as possible vaccinated. In light of the recent news that Portugal has now been placed on the amber list taking effect today, it is clear that international travel for holiday purposes remains risky and subject to sudden change. Can I ask the First Minister what steps the Scottish Government is taking to support our local tourism industry, particularly as many people are choosing to holiday at home this year? Before I address that question, can I just make a point of recognising? I know that people who listen and hear us talk about international travel often in the context of holidays, but people who have family overseas and for whom international travel is about family connection often feel frustrated at that. I recognise that, for many people, the restrictions on international travel are keeping them away from their loved ones, and that is why we want to get back to normal there, as in every other aspect of life as quickly as possible. For non-essential travel for holidays, my advice continues to be do not go overseas if you can avoid doing that, because it is safer right now for us not to do that. It helps to mitigate against the importation of the virus. If you are in the position of being able to go a holiday this year to support the local tourism industry, we discuss those matters regularly. I have reasonably regular discussions with the Scottish Tourism Alliance about how we better support the tourism industry in the immediate term, but also as it recovers in the medium to long term as well. I think that all of us could helpfully convey to our constituents right now where you can support your local tourism industry, support the Scottish tourist industry and indeed support local businesses generally as much as you are able to. Finally, after weeks of asking, NHS Lothian announced an hour ago that, from next week, walk-in vaccination clinics will be available to those over 40. That is very welcome. The Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport told me last week that Edinburgh is now the new Glasgow in terms of infection rate. If that is the case, why do we still not have access to the door-to-door surge testing that has been available for weeks in areas such as G41? Why are Edinburgh residents not as deserving of Covid protections as Glasgow residents? That is just complete nonsense, if I may say so. I urge everybody—by all means, rigorously, whole me and my Government's account, that is absolutely essential—to avoid things such as Edinburgh as the new Glasgow or Edinburgh as not as deserving of measures as Glasgow. That kind of attempt to divide and set people against each other or suggest that we are not taking this pandemic seriously in every part of the country, I just do not think helps anybody. The local director of public health in Lothian, with the local incident management team, will be working to decide, based on the nature of the outbreak across Lothian, what the appropriate measures are. Surge testing will be a part of that. If they consider that necessary and essential, door-to-door testing will be a part of that and walk-in vaccination clinics. I do not, and may surprise people to hear that. I do not mandate to local public health directors exactly what they do in local outbreaks, because that would be wrong for me to do so. It is them that understand the nature of outbreaks and, from the range of tools that they have available, what works best in local circumstances. What I would say genuinely to all local members is to engage, as I am sure members do, with their local health boards, with their local director of public health, to understand the measures that are being put in place locally, which will be bespoke to the particular challenges that are facing. Please, all of us, avoid the suggestion that one part of the country is being done down in favour of another part of the country. That is not true. We are all in this together and we are trying to get through it together. I have been asked to raise a very specific issue around the European under-20, under-23 athletics championships that take place this year. The trials for the Great Britain team take place in the 19th and 20th of this month in Bedford. Under the current legislation, Scottish legislation is illegal for Scottish athletes to travel to Bedford, which means that there will be no Scottish representation at those championships. I wonder if the First Minister would look at that with a degree of urgency, given that each athlete has to have had a negative test prior to competing in those trials? First Minister, I would like to have the opportunity to look at that in detail before trying to answer it in detail. I will come back to Brian Whittle as quickly as possible. Of course, when there are travel restrictions in place, there are exemptions for essential travel. One of the things that I need to check is whether athletes would fall into the category of travel that was permissible. If that is not the case, I am happy to ask for that to be looked at to make sure that they can do what is required to compete as everybody would want them to do. There will be a brief pause while the chair changes.


This research paper investigated the effects of melatonin on the growth of the plant species Phoebe Sheary, Hemsil. Gamble under drought conditions. It found that melatonin can reduce the negative effects of drought stress on the plant by increasing its tolerance to drought, as well as reducing oxidative damage caused by the stress. Additionally, it was observed that melatonin had a positive effect on the plant's antioxidant enzymes, which are responsible for neutralizing free radicals and preventing cellular damage. Furthermore, the study showed that melatonin also affected the plant's hormone levels, such as abscissic acid and jasmonic acid, which are involved in regulating the plant's response to stress. Overall, this research provides evidence that melatonin can be used to improve the survival rate of plants exposed to drought conditions. This article was authored by Gui Fongli, Yin Zhenli, Yuzi Zhu, and others.


Republicans in US Congress calls for longer-range ATA CMS for Ukraine. A group of high-ranking Republicans in the US Congress has called on President Joe Biden to send missiles with longer effective range to Ukraine. Reuters obtained a letter to President Joe Biden dated the 1st of November. It is stated there that leading Republicans on the Congressional Foreign Relations and Armed Services Committees said they welcomed reports that the administration had provided Ukraine with several Army tactical missile systems but asked that he also send more longer-range systems. Ukraine's requirement for deep strike capability remains urgent, particularly to range targets throughout Crimea. Representatives Michael McCall and Mike Rogers and Senators James Rich and Roger Wicker noted. McCall chairs the House Foreign Affairs Committee, Rogers chairs the House Armed Services Committee, Rich is the top Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and Wicker is the top Republican on the Senate Armed Services Committee. They sent the letter as the Republican majority House of Representatives nears a vote on the separate Israel aid bill, ignoring Democratic President Joe Biden's demand that it pass a broad US $106 billion national security funding package that includes money for Israel, Ukraine and Taiwan. In their letter, the US lawmakers noted that Ukraine had requested the long-range missiles and demonstrated the ability to use them responsibly and that Russia had not escalated in response to their use. Clearly it is time for you to finish the job on ATACMS. The costs of failing to do so not only risks stalemate on the battlefield and the further protraction of this war but also threatens further global instability as our adversaries conduct influence operations around the globe, they wrote.


I think we might get started, but maybe if someone can just close that door at the back because there's a bit of background noise coming through. And if you can't hear, then maybe you should just move forward a few rows if you're right up the back. But yeah, just yell out if you want me to speak louder. All right, well, my name is Erica Bramham and I am a web developer. I was formerly a site builder, but now I do a little bit of PHP. But this talk is totally about building websites with no custom code. So it can be done and it's, Drupal makes it fairly easy. It's just a little bit hard to get past the first initial steps. So I think we'll just get started. So there is some important background information, but I'm going to skip it for the presentation because you can read it at home. And I think I want to get stuck into just actually building something to show you that it is actually pretty easy to build a functional website without any custom code. So the slides will be online and you can read them at your leisure. I mean, I guess the topics, maybe I'll just quickly go through them. So introduction to Drupal, what do you need to install Drupal locally? What do you need to install it on an external server? The terminology in jargon. So maybe actually if I use a word that you don't understand, just put your hand up and ask and I will explain it. So because there's some words that are Drupal specific that you may need a bit of help actually working out what they mean. The Drupal file structure and then some information about modules and themes, the cache administering your Drupal site. And I've just got a big list of recommended contributed modules, which are the ones that I use in my site building every day. So let's go to part two and this is our site building. So the first thing we're going to do is install Drupal, except I'm not going to show that because it's kind of different depending on what operating system you use. I would recommend using Acquired Dev Desktop if you haven't done any development before because that will get you set up with a Drupal installation really easily. You just kind of click through the steps, download the software and then it's there. I've got one that I can show you. So I've installed it and this is my Acquired site that it's set up for me and you can log into it. Just start, I think I set the password as admin, admin. Oh no, it's not working. Oh well, we're skipping that one. So I actually use a program called MAMP. There's a free version which lets you, which is kind of a light version of this. So this gives you PHP and it also gives you SQL which is the database and it gives you Apache which is the web server. So if you don't understand what those three things are then I would go with the Dev Desktop or you can pay, I think it's about $90 for MAMP and that gives you a more advanced interface or the free one, it's a little bit more complicated to set up I think because you only really get one site but it's a bit harder to create multiple sites on your machine. So I have set up my site with Drifl and when you install a new Drifl site you get to this screen. So normally you only get two profiles, standard and minimal. I've got this one here called DCSID which has got just a couple of little helper things that I've put together for this presentation. If you, minimal comes with kind of nothing enabled, just the bare minimum but standard comes with a few things enabled like there's a page content type and I think an article content type and some of the menus are also enabled. So depending, you might want to try installing both of those and seeing which ones you want to work with. So I've already set up a database. So if we go to SQL Pro, I've created my database and I've called it Naked so there's no tables inside it but Drifl needs the database already there and if we give it our name and your database username and password which in my case it's root and root which is the case for most local installations but not all and then just let it do its thing. So now we can put in our site information. So there we go. I'll just auto fill this and I might just turn off these notifications because I don't want my computer to notify me if there's stuff out of date for this test site. So that's it. Drifl is installed. That was pretty quick and easy but it may not be so quick and easy when you're trying to do it at home. So I think maybe if you've got a local user group it'd be a really good chance to have a go at setting it up and if you get stuck go along to the user group and then see if you can get a bit of help with someone there because that's possibly one of the harder bits is getting it all running on your local computer. So this is my site and there's kind of nothing there because I've installed it with just the absolute bare minimum enabled. So I'm just going to show you how to download a module from... and I'm going to get a module called admin menu. Okay, all right. All right, there we go. That one's working. So there's a bit of contention about what people like to use as an administration menu. I've flipped between them but this is the one that I like using at the moment. So this is what a module page looks like on dripple.org. There's some information about the module, what it does. There's usually often a link on how to install and configure it. So the first thing we want to do is we want to download it and I'm just going to grab this tar file. You'll see that there's a version number and this one has RC4 on the end of it and that means it's a release candidate for so it's not technically a stable module but it means that it's almost getting pretty close to being stable. So some people might say you shouldn't be using this in production environment but I think because we're mainly using it for our development then I'm not worried too much about that. So I'm going to copy this module and I'm going to find my website. So this kind of gives us a good chance to look at the file structure. So this is dripple. The directory that we're going to focus on is this directory called sites. So we go sites and then all and inside modules and I'm actually going to create a new folder called contrip and that's where I'm going to put all of the modules that I download off dripple.org. You can just put them straight into modules but it's good to get into the habit of making a contrip directory now because when you become awesome and start making custom modules you want a way of differentiating your custom modules from the ones that you download. So now that I've put it in here I'm going to go to the modules page. I think it's called administration. There we go. So I'm just going to check this button and press save. And this modules page is kind of a bit unwieldy so there's another module that I'm going to enable and I think I've got it here. So this is a tool called drush and it lets you do things pretty quickly from the command line. This is advanced so I'm just using it to make this presentation flow a bit faster. You can just continue to download modules and install them the way that we just did. So I've downloaded the wrong one. I think I've already got it in my downloads. And I'm actually going to delete this admin menu out of here because I already have a copy somewhere else and it may make my website break. So if I refresh this modules page you'll see that now it looks much nicer and it's quite easy to find modules that you want so if I was looking for that administration menu which is gone again I'm just going to clear the cache because I've moved a few things around so hopefully I'm not going to get a bunch of nasty errors on my website but maybe that would be a good kind of test and then I can solve it and there's our administration menu so what that one's done is it's given us this menu up the top here. There's a couple of other menu options so if you're not too convinced by this one I'd recommend having a look around and finding one that you like. I think there's a module called admin and then there's also the default Drupal toolbar which comes with Drupal 7. So now that we've done that we want to be able to make pages on our website so the first thing we're going to do is we're going to create a page content type. Now if you install the standard profile this is kind of more of an exercise in how to do things because I think if we start really simple and then build up so we're going to go add content type and we're just going to call this a simple page and you can put some health instructions for your users so it's often a good idea I usually do this at the end but it's usually a good idea to put some instructions because often users, you know they may not know what a page does so for example this is for pages like and our title field label we'll keep it to be called title and then optional preview before submitting you can set it so that the node is unpublished by default and then you have to manually publish it but we're just going to leave everything as default and this is promoted to front page so the default Drupal front page is kind of a list of all the nodes on your website that have been promoted to the front page we're going to change that in a little bit so I'm just going to leave this flag here and then we'll keep this one on there for now because we're also going to change that later some other way now our page is okay but I think I want to add a file attachment field to the page because users might want to put some file attachments on their field so I need to enable a couple of modules so perhaps I'll just go through these slides and get up to the place we're up to so we're going to want some modules called field field UI and file I think field is already enabled by default but these UI modules are kind of like it stands for user interface so you can't actually do any administration on your website unless you've got the UI modules enabled but you can disable them again on your production website when you're all ready to go live you can turn all those off so I've enabled both of those so now if we refresh this page we get an option to manage fields so we're just going to add a field called attachments that one will do and I like to prefix my fields with the name of the content type so we'll call this page attach it just kind of makes things neater when you've got a site with hundreds of fields and you're trying to find things later so I think it's a good habit to get into even if perhaps you're only building small sites for now so there's quite a few options in these fields so the attachment gives you an option to display it so if you want to display it by default or if you want the users to be able to choose not to display that attachment for some reason maybe they just wanted to put it into the file system but I'm just going to leave all of this as kind of the default settings and then I might let them upload PDFs as well as text and I'll let them upload as many files as they want so let's save this one and now if we go add content we can create a page so let's call this page about me and we can give it some text and we can also attach a file so upload that one and then if we save this one there we go, we've got a page and we have a file attachment down the bottom but this is kind of not fantastic because maybe the user wants to put some links in their page maybe they want to make some text bold so you're probably going to want to add what's known as a WYSIWYG to your page which stands for what you see is what you get so we're going to enable a couple of modules we're going to enable one called WYSIWYG now if we go to the WYSIWYG page all WYSIWYG is a wrapper module for a couple of WYSIWYG libraries so there's a bunch of different ones to choose from and you need to download them externally so generally when you download a library you put it inside so we're in sites all and then make a new directory called libraries and then you can put all your libraries into this one but I've already got it in my installation profile so I don't need to download it again and I don't need to enable anything it's just there so when the module needs it it knows where to get it from so if we go to configuration content authoring and text formats see this is one reason why I don't like this particular menu so I'm just going to make one called WYSIWYG and I'm going to let authenticated users use the WYSIWYG I don't want our anonymous users to be able to do anything there's a few options we can limit the HTML tags so this is kind of good if you want to stop your users from being able to put stuff like iframes into the content because they can make a bit of a mess but the one thing that always gets me is for some reason this doesn't include a p-tag in the default setting so I always just enable it and then wonder why my p-tags get stripped out of my content every time I try to create a page so save this one and then we're going to set this text format up to use the WYSIWYG so you'll see because I've got that CK Editor to library there that becomes an option you can install as many libraries as you want so maybe you've got some users that prefer to use a different editor so you can have tiny MC as another popular one so you can let them choose which text format they want to use so save this one and there's a whole heap of buttons that we can add so I might just give them bold italic and underline for now so if we add a new page you'll see that we've got our buttons up here so we can maybe chuck a sentence in there and we can make the first word bold if we want to and I'm actually going to call this page home because I don't really like the default front page of the Drupal website at the moment because it's just kind of a big list of our content and not very useful so one hard thing for beginners is to work out how to change that because it's in kind of an obscure place so we go to configuration, system, site information and then we put in the node address of our page so I know that it's the second node I created so it's going to be node 2 and now if we go home, here's our home page that we created so this is also kind of a bit of a crap front page because you might want to have some blocks and stuff I would really recommend you go to the panels presentation that Jen Lampton is doing this is really awesome for doing things like laying out your front pages with nice little blocks and I'm not going to cover panels at all in this because I think it deserves its own full presentation I think that one's tomorrow so we've got our pages, that's all good I'm just going to enable a feature which has got a little bit of stuff so we don't have to keep recreating things so the next thing my website wants is an events feature so we're going to... I've already partly created this events content type with some fields a title and a body is not very useful for events so I'm going to add a date field to start with so I'm going to enable date module and I'm also going to enable date to pop up which gives us a calendar and if we refresh this page then we get a date and we're going to choose our pop up calendar and I'm going to keep this as is because maybe someone has an event on that starts at 10.30 in the morning so I also want to collect an end date because maybe it's 10.30 to 11.30 but I'm not going to make it required because maybe they don't want to put in an end date just going to leave all of this as it is and save that and I also want to add an address and there's quite a cool module called address field which lets you collect an address just with one field instead of having to make individual fields for the postcode state city etc so address and it says postal address but you can use it for street addresses as well and one thing I am going to enable here is the organization so I'm going to use that as the venue so we'll save this one and now we can create an event there we go, album world premiere and let's have that on Saturday night and you can set up your date formats I'm pretty sure you can set it up so that it doesn't use 24 hour time if you're not really into 24 hour time there we go Sydney Opera House and we have our event here so as it is this event is not very useful as a single event we probably want to have an events page that's going to show our users all of the upcoming events so to do that we use a module called views so this is probably one of the most important modules that you will learn how to use so I'm enabling views and views UI I'm also going to enable a module called date views which just gives us more control over date fields within views because by default you can't do things like saying I only want to show things with a date from now onwards so now that we've enabled those we're going to add a new view and we'll call it event and we're going to show content of type event sorted by newest first and then we're going to create a page and I think we'll give it a menu link too in the main menu and we won't worry about a block so currently it's only showing one event so I think we might generate some content so there's a useful module called develop and that comes with a module called develop generate so I'm going to enable that one and this is really useful for site building because it lets you just in one step generate a whole bunch of content let me open that one up in another page so let's make 20 events now if we refresh this page we should get a whole bunch of events down here so I actually want to I don't really want to sort them by post date because that's not very useful I want to sort them by the date field so let's remove that one and then add our date field that we added earlier and we'll just use start date and then we'll sort ascending so they're going to get bigger which means going from now to further on in the future but this is also still showing all our past events so we want to add a filter to filter out those past ones so we're going to use that date field again and we'll set it to day and then we'll say it is greater than or equal to relative date so now so this is going to change as the date ticks on then our events that show on the current and upcoming events page are going to change and I might say minus one day because we possibly want to show the event from today if someone's looking at the website and they're about to go to the event so let's save that one and this is actually not the date that we set this is the submitted date so we can't really tell whether it's working you'll just have to trust me that it is working and if we save this one you'll see that we've now got this events tab in our main menu so here's all of our upcoming events and I don't know I think this is kind of ugly, this display so the first thing perhaps I want to do is for the very first event on this page I want to show the full event instead of showing the teaser so if we have a look we're showing content and we're showing teaser so I'm going to add an attachment to my view and I'm going to change this page so it's only going to show one item and I'm just going to change it for this attachment and then I'm also going to change this teaser for the attachment to show the full node so this is our full node for this first event and then I'm going to attach it to the page that we created before and now if we have a look at our page you'll see that this event is appearing twice so we can fix that by editing our page settings over here and creating an offset of one so it means that it's going to skip the first item because we've already printed it in the attachment and there we go we've got our full event and then we've got the little short teaser display of the upcoming events so let's save this one and if we refresh our events page it should have reflected over here so this is still kind of a bit ugly because we've got this stupid date label and the address label so I'm going to enable a module called display suite this is another really awesome module for taking control of how your nodes look when presented in different contexts so for example here we've got a teaser display mode and then we've got a full node display node display mode here and we want to... you can control them with the default Drupal stuff but display suite gives you heaps more control over what they look like so if we refresh this we should get display suite link so I'm going to manage the display of our events and I'm just going to do the default one to start with so this will be kind of for our full node so I'm going to go with two columns stacked I think so this is... we get regions to put stuff in our node save that one and I think maybe if we put the body in the right and then the date and the address in the left up in the header so that looks a little bit better but we probably want to turn off the labels so we can hide those labels on those fields and that's kind of looking bit nicer we could do with some CSS but that's sort of the next step is to skin your side with some CSS so I also want to change the teaser so if I switch over to my teaser here I might just go with a one column layout and I don't think I want to show the text I think I might just want to show the date of the event and the title and then perhaps a read more event a read more link so that they can click through to the full details so we'll save this one and then if we refresh our page over here and it hasn't generated any... no it hasn't generated dates it just hasn't generated the... nope I haven't even set the address so I'm going to hide this title there we go so already we're kind of getting there with our events page to take this a step further you might want to explore one of the calendar modules and have an events calendar to kind of second step and yeah a bit of CSS would probably make this look pretty presentable as an events page so now I'm going to add a past events page so that users can see all of the awesome past events that we've held on our website so go back to my view and I'm going to add another page and I'm actually going to change this display here this is just an administration name so it just kind of makes it a bit easier when you're... if you've got a view with a whole lot of displays to see what's going on and I'm going to update this page so that it's not skipping one anymore because I just want to show the teasers for my events and let's update this date to be less than or equal to now and I'm also going to enable the menu module because I want to give this a menu link and it also needs a path because you can see that it's got some validation errors here so let's just call it events slash archive and we'll give it a menu entry called past events in our main menu and I discovered that Drupal does something kind of cool the other day so I'm pretty sure it does it because I've given it a path of events which was our original events page and then slash archive but if we have a look at our menu links it's actually set this as a submenu of events which I thought was pretty cool because I don't think it used to do that in Drupal 6 so at the moment though we've got nowhere of seeing our secondary links so if we're going to the home page we still only see our events page so no one can get to that past events so I'm going to enable a module called context the UI module as well so context is kind of a cool module because it lets you I mainly use it for laying out blocks but it lets you do conditions and reactions so we're going to add a context for every page except for the front page so I'll call it layout not front we're going to go with path and use the tilde to say front and then the front is kind of special so it looks like that in the triangle brackets and then we're going to add a block which is our main menu and let's add that to the first sidebar so if we visit our home page you'll see that we don't have the menu but then if we visit a page that's not the home page we have this menu here and I kind of don't like that this menu starts with the words main menu because it's just the menu people don't need to know that it's the main menu so I'm going to enable another module called menu block and this one lets you kind of gives you more control over your menu so let's add one and we'll call it main menu secondary and let's say we'll start from the first level and we're going to give it unlimited depth so if we go back to our context and edit this one and add our new menu block that we've created and then we'll go back to our events page so I think I need to configure it slightly differently so I actually want to start from the second level yeah that's better so now we've got our events which is kind of our the section that we're at the moment and then we go through we can get to our past events page that we created before so we can get to that other menu from our context so there's a few reactions that you can use with context you can do some stuff with breadcrumbs you can turn on and off theme regions and there's some contrived modules that let you add extra reactions and conditions as well so for now I'm just going to delete this main menu that I don't want so I think our events is pretty much done and I'm going to now we're going to create a blog section or a news section so I've already done some of the hard work so for this I'm using a module called Features and this is another one that I use every day it kind of lets you make your own modules that package up things like views content types and configuration and then reinstall onto other sites but you don't need to know any code at all so you just create it all through the Drupal interface and then download it and then you can put that into the custom modules directory on a new site and it's all there and enabled so that's definitely if you're kind of beginning intermediate it's a really good one to have a look at because it cuts you down on a lot of work because one thing a lot of developers do is you build a blog for every single site that you build and it generally works the same just click a button and install that with everything ready to go then that's going to save you heaps of time and you can spend more time on theming and kind of doing the fun stuff so I have a content type called blog and I've given it just some basic fields title, body and image and I've also started this blog view so we've just got a page called blog and it's got a page in the menu so we actually want to add some tags to our blog so we're going to use the Drupal module called taxonomy so I'm going to add a vocabulary so vocabulary is a kind of sets of tags of sets of terms so this one is going to be called tags so I could have another taxonomy called colors which holds all of my color terms but we're just going to keep this one generic so generally you use taxonomy for classifying stuff anytime you want to classify content into some sort of organized set then tags is probably a good thing to use so let's generate some terms 10 is okay so it's created us a bunch of tags but still we can't tag our blog content with these tags because we have to add another field to the content type so we need to add a term reference field we're going to go with autocomplete term widget tagging which means that when the user creates a blog post they can create new tags on the fly so they don't need to have been already created into our tags if you set it as one of the other options that's a way that you can set the exact tags that the user can choose from and they can't create any new ones so save this one and I'm just going to let them add as many tags as they want so if we now create a blog post give it some text and couple of tags so there's our tags down the bottom and this has actually created these tags for us in our tags vocabulary so what I'm going to do now is I'm going to add a display to our view that lets you filter these blog posts by tag I should say that I think the Drupal blog module does all of this for you but this is kind of a really good way of getting your head around some of the more advanced stuff so we're going to add a page display and we're going to give it a path and I'm going to call it blog and then tags and then I'm going to use this percent which is going to substitute in for whichever tag it is we're looking at at the moment so we're looking at our tag called music the URL is going to be blog slash tag slash music so under the advanced tab there's something called contextual filters and this is where views becomes a little bit complicated so I'm going to add taxonomy term ID as a contextual filter and I'm going to also override the title of the page so let's call it blog posts and percent one is our argument so that's going to substitute in the term name so I think we should probably generate some blog content so that we've got some stuff to work with so let's do that over here so currently this is showing all of our blog posts but you've got this contextual filters box here where you can update your preview so if we have a look at our tags taxonomy and we grab one of these term IDs so say this one is taxonomy term 7 so if we put 7 in here and this is now showing our blog posts tagged with PR so let's save this view and still we don't have any way of the users accessing these tags that's kind of a bit annoying because they can't filter the blog posts by the tags so we're going to add another display we're going to add a block so unlike pages, blocks don't have to have a path it's a block that you can attach to another page so what I should have done possibly is remove this argument from this page so we just have to make a little change into this one we're going to display a summary and we're going to sort it ascending and we also need to put in our base path which was blog slash tags we only want to do it to this block so there we've got kind of a nice menu of all of our tags and each of these is going to link to the page of each of those each of those tag views so let's save this and we're going to go back to context module and I think I want this block to show on my entire blog section so I'm going to add a path and I'm going to use the path blog and blog slash star so the star is a wildcard so that means that any path that comes after blog as well as the root blog is going to show this block so then we're going to add our views block and this is a good reason why you should give your view displays useful names because at the moment this just says view blog and I know that this is the block that I've created but if you had a whole lot of views then it gets a little bit confusing so if we add that in there and we have a look at our blog so here's our nice tags menu if we have a look at say music so here's our post that we tagged with music earlier and then there's a few other posts that have been tagged with music as well so I think that's all I want to do in the blog section but let me just check that I haven't missed something out that's it so the next thing that we're going to create and this is the last little bit is a featured content block and I'm going to use a module called bean which is kind of cool so what bean lets you do is to create block types so the same way we've been creating content types you can create a block type and add fields to it so if we refresh this you can do what bean does with kind of content types but then your content type is actually going to be a page whereas we really want to be a block we don't want it to have a page of its own because I mean a block doesn't have to have its own separate page so we will go to structure block type featured content block and let's give it some fields and ah we can't give it fields now this is a good example of why you need to clear the case regularly because obviously some stuff that bean installed kind of hasn't kicked in yet so if you want to clear the case and you don't have drush you go to configuration development performance and there is a clear all cases button so if you're having problems with your Drupal website the first step is always to clear the case before you start panicking because it might fix things and it has because now we can add some fields so let's go with an image here and we just want to let them upload one image and then if we maybe add a body field too so they can add a bit of text and because I want this block to feature some content elsewhere on the site I'm also going to add a link so that users can click through from this this little block to the content that you want to promote so I'm going to enable a module called entity reference and entity is well that's a hard one to explain I think it's in the first part of my notes so a node is an entity like when you create a blog node that's an entity, a block is an entity a user is an entity so it's kind of like I guess it's just a thing that can be a collection of fields a taxonomy term is also an entity so I don't know if anyone's got a really good explanation of an entity so if we publish this one yep it's a weird one to explain so we're going to choose entity reference here and this is going to let us choose another page on our website so we're just going to let them choose whatever content type they want and only one value so if we now add a block so we're going to promote our upcoming show and I don't know let's say come to our CD launch and we're going to give it an image a little bit of body text and here's a link of all of our nodes on our website so let's just choose our album world premiere event so this looks a little bit ugly but we can fix that with display suite so what I think I want to do with my block is I want to give the users a choice of whether they want to have the image on the left or the right of their featured block so I'm actually going to add a new view mode actually a couple of view modes so let's call this one featured content image left and we'll let it apply to beam and then add another one call this one image right and let's manage the display of our featured content block and we'll go with a two column stacked again that's one of my favourites and we'll keep the title in the header and then so this one actually we're just doing the default one so we'll just kind of go with the image on the left as a default and then our body and link on the right and then we want to go to custom display settings and we want to give custom display settings for our two new view modes so image left is still okay it's a bit annoying I have to make it again and then we're going to do the same thing for the right you actually have to choose one of these layouts to let display suite take over because otherwise you're just using the Drupal defaults so even if you just want one column you can choose one column so this one is going our body and link on the left and our image on the right so now I might add a front page context just so we can put our block onto the front page beams here's our upcoming show beam so let's put it into the highlighted content and if we have a look at our home page currently we've got this default layout which was the image on the left but if we edit that one we can choose one of our image on the right view mode and save that and if we refresh our home page there you go, switched around so that kind of gives you users options without needing to be designers and layout the page themselves they've got a few set options that you've created and that is the end of the site building for now so I might just go through how long have I got another 5 minutes yeah okay yeah so maybe if there's any questions can I upload them to the Drupal Con website yeah yeah okay so I'll put them there otherwise if I can't upload them I'll put a link on the session page to a google doc yeah okay cool yeah it's a little application free one called Little Ipsum so it's for OSX and it just lets you copy two words or a couple of sentences or a couple of paragraphs so it's pretty, that one's pretty awesome yeah yeah I like this one for site building this one the admin menu because it's really quick to access all the links but for end users I usually use admin because you can add your own blocks to that that gives you a little like it's a funny toolbar on the side and then it expands out from the side I don't really like the default Drupal toolbar but that's just my preference some people really like it it looks nicer than these ones but I just find that it's too hard to add stuff into it yeah I don't ever use the core block system personally it's not useless so you get more control and you can do the same but more with those modules and I could have demonstrated the core stuff but there's plenty of documentation out there on setting up Drupal with the core stuff so you can do what I did when you want to add a block to the front page you can do it from the blocks configuration but say you only wanted to add a block to the front page for logged in users you can't do that through the Drupal default block so you need to then use a module like context and add your user role context in there yep I go to my slides so admin and admin menu are good for administration but module filter it's a pretty new one and I'm only just getting into it but I like it because it just gives you a block and you don't have to worry about trying to make your node into a block C tools is a dependency for a whole lot of useful modules develop and develop generate this is one of my favorite modules because you can do so much stuff with the layout of your node and once you get into the more advanced features you can use tokens so you can kind of generate your own displays for certain fields by substituting in data so maybe you had your author field and you wanted it to say this post was posted on date by the author and you wanted it to be slightly different to the way that the Drupal one does it you can create your own custom field and then add that into the display suite layout you can also add in views blocks right into your content with display suite so if you want to have you've got a couple of fields and then you want another view block you can chuck that in there with display suite 2 which is pretty useful views that's really important one and that's probably one of the first ones that you should learn because any time you want a list of any sort of content then views is the module to go to context so that's kind of I use it mainly for layout so conditions and reactions webform so webform is a nice little module that you create forms that users can fill in and then you can view the responses on your website that one's pretty easy to set up you just install it and then you create a new form and it gives you a page with the form so you can use that for a contact form or sign up form for an event and then these are just some kind of field modules so date lets you have date fields so that will validate links and emails for users so they don't put in dodgy emails that aren't a real email entity reference so that lets you choose another entity on your site from a field so that could be a user or a node or a bean or a term address field we saw that one that lets you insert a full address a real name is a useful one if you've got lots of users who are kind of creating content on your site because it lets you put in fields like first name, last name I don't know title if they're a doctor and then it puts them all together to create a real name field so that will display instead of the user name wherever the user's name is displayed that one's kind of if you don't have that then you've got to every time you make a view if you want to show the user's full name field for the first name, last name one minute thanks all that's there libraries that's kind of essential if you're using any external libraries so it doesn't really do anything by itself token is a good one because a token is kind of like using using a token to substitute in for real data so you wanted to maybe you've got your user name token so you want to use that on the user's profile page so you like whichever profile page you're viewing you want to display that user's name so you can use token to substitute in that data and then rules is kind of a is a good one and it's a little bit complex to set up but it's useful so you can it's I mean it's just conditions and actions so whoops my examples I'll get back to the slide send an email to all site admins when a news node is created or updated you can do that with rules or unpublish a node if it has not been edited for over two weeks there's some examples of rules was it weak so we saw that one field groups are useful one it lets you put fields into a group of fields it's kind of useful for laying out nodes menu block we saw that one gives you more control over your menus and that's it and I just say that there is a part three of these slides which is about getting help but again you can read those ones at home