First question is from C David Anthony. What are your thoughts on super slow training? Super slow training. Is there a franchise? Is there a franchise that still exists that's around this? I just remember the one that was off Silver Creek. Yes, yeah. But really, they actually have places that are. Yes, they do. Yeah, they just do super slow training. Kind of fascinating.  Really? Yeah, as a young trainer, not kind of being aware of like how valuable that actually could be for somebody. So they obviously targeted, you know, the older population. And that was the angle was that they were explaining the importance of resistance training, but and the safety of going super, super slow. Because you have all these machines and they would literally do like a single rep that like took. Yeah, 30 seconds or a minute. Yeah. Yeah, so I so I actually read about, I don't know that, by the way, I read about this as a kid, like it was super into trying to build muscle. And I found anything I could read about building muscle, the history of building muscle, the science I would consume. And I read an article about super, they called it super slow motion training. And it started during World War Two. During World War Two, it was very difficult to get iron. In fact, the government limited how much iron you could buy for things like weights or whatever, because they needed it for the war effort. So you had all these people that were lifting weights, not a ton, but enough to where they're like, what are we going to do? Our dumbbells now only go up to 30 pounds. We only have a few 10 pound weights. And so these bodybuilders invented super slow motion training, whereas with a normal rep, it might be a two reps down, two reps up. They would do something like 30 seconds up, 30 seconds down or 60 seconds up, 60 seconds down. And their intention solely was to see how much they can make it more difficult and challenging with their limited amount of weight. Yes, now there is diminishing returns. Like you can't just go like ridiculous with slow-mo training and expect better and better results. In fact, at some point when the time under tension is too long, it becomes an endurance exercise rather than a strength training exercise. But that being said, slow motion training, if you go like, if you do like a 30 second rep, think about how long a set normally takes you, right? So how long would a set of 15 reps traditionally take you? Yeah, 30 to 45 seconds. So if you did one rep. That took 30 to 45 seconds. The time under tension is similar. And you're going to get, and you will get some interesting results. I had a boss that competed in bodybuilding. He was a little guy. Oh, I know what you're talking about. I had a boss who was- He had the shoe scapes. Yes, he did. And he used to roll around. You guys already know this stuff, right? Because he's a weirdo. And he was kind of, yeah, he was a different guy for sure. And this was the first time. Yep, yep. He was around the gym in him. Yeah, yeah. He was great physique though. He did. Great, great physique. Shredded. And this is how he trained. Never forget watching him train. He would go grab like a pair of 80 pound dumbbells and do one rep. Very, very slow.  Right. He wouldn't do that. He would just do it for, and he had this incredible physique and he trained every muscle group like this. It would be one to two reps tops. And it would be incredibly slow. And he would pick a weight that's probably up there towards his, you know, 80% or so. Interesting. I've never seen anybody do that. Yes. That's how he trained and that always, not like sometimes he always trained this way and he had a great physique. And I see, And it makes sense. And this was a young guy. Now I see tremendous value for somebody who's older. Totally. And cause this is way safer. If you grab a weight that you can control on a 15 second negative, it's a weight that is for sure a lot lighter than a weight that you could probably push, you know, out five or six reps with. So the fact that you can control it like that and you're not just using the rebound effect, which a lot of people do when they're, when they're coming out of the negative, I just think that's really, really valuable for that clientele. I'd imagine there'd be a lot of other like benefits to it, like cognitive benefits and like focus benefits, you know, for going like super slow and being under that amount of tension that whole time and being able to account for every little movement and everything like that.  To that point, I use that as a great way to teach form. Of course. So if I had a client that was, and I wouldn't do it the whole set or the whole workout like this, but if let's say I was teaching something as basic as like a straight bar curl and doesn't matter how many times I showed him, he was still rocking the elbows and doing all that stuff, I would then go, okay, we're gonna go real lightweight. And I'm like, I want you to go super slow. You're gonna take 30 seconds. I want you to count on your head when you do this. And I would be positioning his body. So as he got to different parts of the rep, I would adjust, I would adjust. I would adjust. I'd be like, no, no, no, no.  And so once they felt that go through like two or three like really slow reps, it would click for them like, oh, I need to keep myself like this. If he really did some interesting stuff like this for sports training where we do squats, but then we'd have somebody sort of pushing them from one side so they had to account for that type of force as they're going down. So that way too, like it was like a stability issue too. Like if somebody had a little bit of instability, they could really address it by going super slow and then accounting for that all the way down. Yeah, well with this, you get great stability and you get great connection. If you have trouble connecting to a muscle and a compound lift, do a really slow rep, right? Because as I'm going down in a squat and if I want to feel my glutes, I can each increment, readjust and continue to concentrate on the muscle that I'm trying to target. For example, a bench press, right? One thing you could do with a bench press is you could focus on the fact that the chest is what's bringing the humerus to center, right? So what I could do is I could create tension, bringing my hands in and I can bring my arms out as I go down and know that the chest is resisting that kind of outward motion. And as I come up, I'm focusing on bringing the elbow in rather than extending the arm, which is a tricep. So it allows you to connect, it builds stability. What it doesn't do is it doesn't contribute well to speed or power or athleticism except for from a stability standpoint. I think this is a great technique to throw on occasionally. I don't think it replaces traditional resistance training but I do think the- Or for beginners too. Yeah, I think it's a great, I mean, it's great to do like a week, throw in a week of doing this or an exercise. Yeah, an exercise, I can see that. Or an exercise and see how it feels. The pump you get from this is insane, by the way. You get an incredible pump from doing it. I mean, I do this almost unintentionally. So at home, we only have up to 50 pound dumbbells. I was doing shoulders the other day and I can do a lot more than 50 pound dumbbells.  So my presses, I did these five extremely slow reps. So yeah, no, I think it's great value and I think it's especially for specific groups. No, obviously to your point, if you're an athlete or you have specific goals, but for the average person, intermittently using this into your routine or doing a phase of it every once in a while or just every once in a while doing that with an exercise. And I like to pick an exercise that you're not the greatest at, form and technique-wise. It's a good excuse for you to slow it down. Highlight the discrepancy. That's right, that's right.


Hello everyone and welcome to episode two of Cycling Research Reviews and for the first paper of the series I feel it is most appropriate to cover what I think is the most widely cited or almost the most widely cited paper from 2008 by Pugcher and Buehler titled Making Cycling Irresistible Lessons from the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany As some of you know I currently live in the Netherlands to study Cycling here, and it is rather peculiar why in the northern European countries. There's so much more cycling than in most other developed countries around the world in this classic with 545 cross ref citations the last time I checked it outlines First of all that there's a great disparity in the percentage of trips being taken by cycling across countries At the top we have the Netherlands at 27% at Denmark 18% and Germany at 10% Now what is peculiar is that then we go all the way down the list with more European countries and We see that Australia the United States and Canada and Ireland they have around one or two percent Interesting that's a very big difference. So we have countries that Were almost all the population have the experience or exposed to cycling to places where Cycling is rather marginalized and Pugcher and Buehler tries to Look at some of the factors that might explain this phenomenon now What are some potential factors they looked at? things like income car ownership perhaps trip distances and None of these seems significant, right? We're all looking at high-income countries and even in places like the US where distances are Very large across Some of the more suburb in parts of the country it once you normalize for that It doesn't really seem to explain the drastic difference between 1% and 27% of mode share So they say even controlling for trip distance. However, the Dutch Danes and Germans Make a much higher percentage of their local trips by bike Interesting the cycling demographic in places with a higher mode share is also more diverse there's a wider variety of ages cycling and The gender gap is Very different places with lower rates of cycling. It's almost all men and in the case of the Netherlands There are more women than men who cycle hmm Could this be due to the feeling of safety perhaps they say Fatality rates per trip and per kilometer are much lower for countries and cities with a higher Cycling mode share of total travel Fatality rates fall for any given country or city as cycling rates rise And then they go on to talk about helmets now, I think it's a Procure actually a Dutch cyclist don't wear helmets yet. It's one of the safest place in the world to cycle huh, so that's the first part of the paper where they basically go through a number of factors and Come up short. So what is it then right? They then move on to policy and different types of interventions And that's what to which they dedicate their second half of the paper So they come up with seven. Okay, so one extensive system of separated cycling facilities and To interaction intersection modifications and priority traffic signals three traffic calming for bike parking five coordination with public transport six traffic education and training and Seven traffic laws We'll kind of briefly touch each of these points in this video and then we'll move on to the other things that they mention so an extensive system of separate cycling facilities and indeed Yes, there is an extensive system here and under the program of sustainable safety I'm going to talk from the Dutch context. In fact any Urban road that's over 30 kilometers an hour or rural road over 60 kilometers an hour speed limit Must and do have separated facilities And where the speeds are relatively low then that's where traffic calming comes in which is point number three so you have either separate facilities or aggressive traffic calming and that in combination seems to Control the speed To a sufficient degree so that cyclists feel safe And of course the intersection design here is drastically Different than most intersections whereas in most places you have a Two vehicle system I'd say so pedestrian signals and then a general traffic signal here in the Netherlands You have an additional set of signal for cycling and at most intersections With a high speed road involved You do have a clear path or and yield rules for who yields to who With very good sight lines traffic calming. We just covered bike parking right so It seems like you do need a place to put these bikes if you have a lot of bikes now As e-bikes become more popular and e-bikes are very expensive The question of having secured bike parking becomes even more important Right. It's one thing to lose your 50 euro bike at the train station, but to lose a thousand euro bike does take a hit on your wallet and Here I think in another one so they have it rather down pat This is your bike parking double-decker. They have these grades separated They separate out the bikes so you can fit more in So that seems to be an Area where it's done rather well and add to that fact that a lot of people free lock their bikes here, too So, you know, sometimes there's no pole to lock to but that's not a problem coordination of public transit I'd say most of my trips are Combination between the cycling and the train system and in the future video will explore that will explore why cycling and let's call it rapid transit complement each other and How cycling and local transit can because of their similar speeds are actually competitors so to get this coordination right and to make it easier to transfer from cycling to Longer distance public transit is key to making This other non-automobile part of the transportation system work really well Then we have traffic education and training Here the kids get taught how to bike in traffic when they're young I perhaps wouldn't recommend that in a place where it's absolutely not safe to cycle in traffic But once the infrastructure is there then training is perhaps a good way to go and finally traffic laws traffic laws even traffic laws that Acknowledge cycling as a distinct mode of transport and not trying to lump it in with automobiles or pedestrians also traffic laws that Recognize rights of the cyclist for example in that's traffic law. You can cycle side-by-side And that's that's near the the front of the law Right, so just to cycle side-by-side then gives you a feeling of comfort and be able to be social on the road Put you in Bueller then go on to talk about Taxation parking and land use now. I find this rather peculiar and these factors are less settled In a place like UK, which still has very European and compact historic city structure They do have the density there. It's a dense country, but the cycling rates are as low as there was a North America and Australia Why? Why is that the case? I Don't know it seems like density alone It doesn't work so just having very compact spaces Doesn't automatically lead to more cycling, but it does seem to be to some extent necessary places like Tokyo they have cycling there very dense and London they have more cycling But it's not always clear and it's not a direct relationship Sometimes you have a lot of density, but instead of cycling you get much higher levels of public transport use and they seem to be competing factors The other thing that might surprise you is that the Dutch have the densest motorway network in Europe and Investment in automobile infrastructure is by no way low. They have very well remained maintained roads They have very well maintained parking facilities and I think in the yeah in the most recent Tom Tom survey the Netherlands was voted the most Pleasant place to drive For a motorist. So here you have a system where Many things work in the transport sector. So you have drivers who are happy you have many cyclists And you have a pretty extensive train system, too So whereas in Dutch cities you have many pedestrianized urban centers They are complemented by parking garages on the periphery making it So that it's still easy to access by car except for a few walking streets Yes, there's no through routes through the city center, but Driving a car to the city center and doing your shopping, etc. Is not a problem. You do have to pay But it is an interesting thought that perhaps in the UK where The pedestrianization of city centers is not as extensive There is maybe still room for cycling despite that fact Indeed this issue is Complex and future and Buehler Concluded by highlighting that the key to the success of cycling policies in the Netherlands Denmark and Germany is a coordinated implementation of the multifaceted multi mutually reinforcing set of policies and quote This paper I think is a very important step forward into naming and conceptualizing And uncovering the different variables that go into making Cycling work or not work was future and Buehler call it irresistible But that was 2008 and much work has been done since then Exactly what out of these factors make cycling irresistible and how they interact is Still a matter of debate furthermore What does a country like the Netherlands do to go from? 27% Mo chair is current to perhaps 30 35 40 percent. What do you do? They've been able to do this historically At the turn of the century and back in the 1930s were many more trips were made by bike when the automobile wasn't as popular is It possible to recover to that level is it desirable and if so What is it that makes cycling truly irresistible for a place where many people already cycle? so I'll leave that as an open question and We'll explore this issue further in our next episodes So thanks for joining me to think about this I encourage you to click on the link below to the original paper read for yourself And it's something very and there are very important lessons to be drawn in there So I'll see you next time and take care till then


1 Corinthians chapter 13 and verse 13 I'm gonna share with you just the three words that I believe God wants us to live by and to be constantly reminded of. 1 Corinthians chapter 13 verse 13 now abide faith hope love these three but the greatest of these is love someone say amen and gospel of Luke chapter one gospel of Luke chapter one and verse 34 and verse 35 actually 36 and 37 and Mary said to the angel how can this be since I do not know a man and the angel answered and said to her the Holy Spirit will come upon you and the power of the highest will overshadow therefore also the Holy One who who is to be born will be called the Son of God now indeed Elizabeth your relative has also conceived the Son in her old age and this is now the sixth month for her who is called baron for with God nothing will be impossible then Mary said behold the maid servant of the Lord let it be done to me according to your word and the angel departed from her if you can subtitle this brief talk and encouragement that I will do you can call it just hope faith and love hope faith and love if I can ask kindly for all of us to just pay attention for next 15 to 20 minutes hope faith and love the atmosphere of the Holy Spirit the Holy Spirit who is with us he doesn't operate in any kind of environment in any kind atmosphere even the plants we buy cannot flourish in every kind of soil bananas cannot grow in Alaska not because they're hating on the Alaska it's because Alaska's environment and atmosphere cannot sustain them and they will quickly die there the presence and the power of the Holy Spirit requires a certain attitude requires certain atmosphere not just a conference hype but an everyday constant consistent temperature to exist in our heart for the Holy Spirit to function because somebody say amen our life has ups and downs our life has births and funerals our life has promotions demotions our life it has valleys and it has mountains our life it has laughter and it has tears our life it has problems and it has fulfilled promises our life it has mess and it also has miracles our life is not always just one it has a conjunction of both it sometimes it's like a roller coaster but when life goes up or life goes down there's something about our inner life that always has to we have to fight to protect it constant can somebody say amen because the Holy Spirit who is with us he depends he relies he he wants and he desires that kind of atmosphere to be maintained he will visit us but to live with us we must create an environment in our heart and our emotions that allows him to work and I believe that these three realities they open the ways and the doors for the Holy Spirit first is hope somebody say hope hope hope there's a deficit of hope today in this generation like nothing else we live in probably the most hopeless generation that has ever lived on this earth we have better technology better medicine we have better everything but all of this doesn't bring people hope hope is when you are optimistic that things will get better not we're not just talking about now on earth we're talking about in general that things will get better people who do not know Jesus Christ actually do not have basis for their hope their hope has cracks for us as Christians we have no basis for hopelessness and unbeliever has no basis for their hope their hope is just a dream it's just an idea that is no has no basis for it for us as a Christian hopelessness for us is baseless where does our hope comes from our hope the bible says the blessed hope comes from the fact not the fact that we will get healed not the fact that our family member will turn around not the fact we will finally get the house our hope doesn't come from the fact that our life will change the basis of our hope is the fact we have a dual citizenship one here and one in the world we're headed into that is where our hope comes from is that what we're going through is not as big and important as what we're going to and it's not just the land of dreams it's not just the land of breakthrough where we headed to is all of us are headed into eternity and those of us who are believers we are headed into eternity with Jesus Christ first five seconds in heaven and you will forget every single thing you lose your sleep over on this earth first five seconds meeting the face of Jesus Christ you will plead and beg never ever to return back to this stinking earth that hope where we are headed is supposed to be motivation for us today for many of us the only time we think about heaven is when someone dies for many of us heaven is a spare tire we use when the tire goes flat god doesn't want heaven to be something you think about when someone passes away god wants heaven to be something you think about every single day why because you're headed there why because every day you live you're living every single time you're gonna have less summers less winters and less falls that's where you are headed and that's not supposed to frighten you or scare you that should excite you because where you headed is so much better than what you're going through i remember when we were in ukraine one of the things that when we had few months in ukraine and a few months before we would immigrate to united states and we already received our papers we received our tickets you know my life in ukraine at that moment changed nothing changed but there's something about the anticipation of moving into a new country that makes your mood go to the roof oh come on you all know that and what happens on friday statistically 10 percent of your happiness increases on friday why well because your boss gives you a promotion on friday no it's because well you know two things paycheck and the weekend you must understand every single day you are headed closer to your friday the ultimate friday is when god will give the reward to his saints and when god will open the weekend that will never come with monday but it will last forever and it's the weekend of heaven somebody say amen the bible calls us prisoners of hope that means every single time when you're going through difficult times when you're going through challenging things or maybe you're going through something awesome you always have to in your mind keep this check you're not going to live here forever your citizenship is in heaven heaven is your home and you should not let your roots on this earth go too deep so that when it's your time to exit you will not look to this earth as your home but with gladness you will look to that earth as your home it's like the story of the two people that died in one village one was a very famous but a very ungodly person and the other person he was a christian and he gave all of his possessions away and when this famous ungodly wealthy person was passing away everyone was saying this he is leaving his home when the believer was dying they said he was going home keep your hope alive every single day keep your hope inside of your heart alive every single day jesus said if they persecute you he said rejoice think about it when you're physically beaten when you remove from your job when you are made fun of because of your faith and jesus said rejoice how could that possible and he wasn't saying rejoice because one day they'll get saved he said rejoice he said because your reward in heaven is great my friend we're all gonna come to an end of our life sooner or later and we must understand we have to live our life in such a way that when that day is coming we will not be ashamed apostle paul says for me death is gain why was death gained to him because christ was his aim because christ was the purpose when you live with jesus you have hope and many of you today you're looking even as i'm looking at some of you right now it's i see your life school boyfriend girlfriend maybe health issues maybe finances issues it just begins to wear you down i want to remind each one of you you have a spare tire that shouldn't be a spare tire but should be your motivation you are not gonna live forever here you are headed into an eternity or you're gonna spend time forever with christ so i'm gonna encourage each one of you today live with the hope no matter how hard no matter what the doctor has said even if god forbid that sickness will bring end to your life or to the life of your relative it brings end to the life it doesn't bring end to them because we have an eternity we're headed to somebody say amen amen as important as you know working very hard working out is very important thinking taking vitamins is very important go into the doctor it's very important not smoking is extremely important not drinking is extremely extremely important having your insurance not cheating on your taxes you know not cheating on your spouse not doing all of these sinful things as important as they are because they prolong our life you must understand one thing when we will arrive in heaven we are not gonna be in heaven wondering we wished to live a little bit longer but we will want to live a little bit longer on the surf for only one reason and that is to see more people saved to see more people saved can somebody say amen the second thing is faith faith hope is for the future faith is for now god wants us not only to have hope means something that we look forward to when we are going to die something that we look forward to that things will get better in our life but god wants us to also have faith for now having faith for having hope for the future should not make me a person who has no faith for tomorrow and i'm gonna say something else is that unless you have hope for tomorrow you will always have a deficit of faith for today you can't have a great faith for today if you're completely in hopelessness about tomorrow your tomorrow about your tomorrow there always has to be hope you gotta be a prisoner of hope because as a believer things always work for our good bible doesn't say things always are good but the bible says things will work for our good no matter however it ends you will always end with christ with jesus in a positive side either here on this earth or there in eternity whatever that happens with the sickness whatever that happens with the business even with that relationship you must understand we always lend good we are on the winning side jesus is on our side we are on the winning side so there has to be a hopelessness and many times for people to have hope is like a foreign language it's so hard it's so difficult because our mind gravitates toward hopelessness our mind gravitates towards something worst always happening our mind gravitates toward the fact that maybe i am not saved maybe you know i'm not gonna go to heaven it's heaven even real our mind gravitates toward that that's why you gotta move your mind into the word of god and stop letting your mind boss you around your mind is not your boss your mind supposed to be your slave if your mind is your boss it will lead you into the feelings and circumstances but the bible says we have a blessed hope in jesus christ so feel yourself with hope somebody say amen but second one is faith faith is now now means though i acknowledge as a christian this earth is not heaven but i have faith that with faith i can fight that whatever i face on this earth shouldn't also be allowed to become hell god didn't promise that this earth will be heaven but he gave us promise that with him on this earth we can overcome anything and any challenge we can turn into a blessing and we can experience his kingdom on this earth faith now it's when you believe that nothing is impossible to god now not tomorrow not next month i like what louis said thousands locally and millions globally that was hope and then he right away disclosed that he had no faith when he said and it's not gonna happen next wednesday how does he know and we always like to say that what we do is we want to protect our faith by not letting it out see that is hope when you say you know thousands locally and millions globally a hundred percent that's gonna happen it might happen tomorrow but you can't live in faith the bible says righteous man lives by faith not by hope hope is good things will get better god you know i'm gonna go to heaven that is good but you have to start moving into faith where in faith you begin to stand on what god says and believe the impossible believe what god's word says and believe that god is able to do it today and many times what we're doing is right away we guarantee ourselves says oh maybe maybe maybe you gotta put maybe what it belongs in a trunk but you gotta believe that god is able he can open doors for your finances today your phone where you always get negative news can be used as a device where you receive positive news today your email where you get notices for your late bills can be a notice for something else today that the fact that you are maybe colorblind and you cannot see and you can go today and god can open your eyes the fact that your ear is hurting and maybe everyone prayed for you and you may say well listen everyone is not god your faith has to be now faith is it's good to have hope but you gotta start moving to faith you say what if nothing happens see that is not faith is not in believing for a miracle faith is believing in a miracle maker he never fails miracles fail miracle maker never fails healing fails a healer never fails you know someone getting a save and get lost and everything but the savior never fails paul never said i know what i believe paul said i know who i believe because somebody say amen your faith your faith is not in a miracle your faith is not in a breakthrough your faith is in god who never changes that's why when we pray for someone or when we prayed for 10 years we prayed every service god we want to see healings we prayed for heal sick people we didn't see a lot of healings people say how could you still have the faith our faith was never based on the results of our prayer it came from the fact god promised it hinges on what god promised and when miracles happen our faith still hinges on what god promised when miracles don't happen our faith hinges on what god promised when life changes our faith hinges on what god promised why because it's faith if i anchor my faith in what happens to you i will be the most disappointed man if i anchor my faith in how i feel i will be the most disappointed man if i anchor my faith and what god does not do at least for me right now i will be most disappointed man my faith is anchored on what god has said and who god is if i don't see a healing for the rest of my life do i change my faith in healing i've never believed in healing i always believed in a healer and because i believe in a healer i will see healings you will see healings because healer never fails what faith does is faith creates a problem because faith puts you in above your reality and then reason why many people don't live by faith is because faith is complicated no it's it's very easy the child can understand when i say complicated what i mean is it puts you in a war zone where your revelation is in conflict with your reality and for many people it's easier to live in the reality than fight with the reality but what faith does is faith when you begin to believe in what god says and you may be poor but god says you are blessed and you're standing and agreeing with that because you want to change your reality god lifts you up above the reality and then as apostle paul says is that there is a fight of faith means the faith begins to fight and many people will do anything except fight they'll fight with anyone except their reality they'll fight with their brothers and with their sisters with their spouse with their children with the strangers with anybody except with the devil but see people of faith we fight and reserve our fight we reserve our anger we reserve our rage we reserve our fight against the one who the fight is supposed to be against the devil his angels and all of his work somebody say amen amen i want to challenge each one of you today do not be a slave to your reality your reality will only mess you up your reality can be changed it can be overcome if you live by faith you say what if it's not going to be overcome what if it's going to be overcome faith always looks to god not at someone or ourselves and the third and the most important factor is love love now love i do not mean by you being single ready to mingle and you find somebody to connect with love i don't mean by you're married and you and your spouse now go on dates and you genuinely love one another and you bring flowers to one another love i don't mean by you are a mother or a father and you finally giving more attention to your children though that is extremely valuable all of these things are important love i don't even mean by your heart is moved by compassion and you started to take a little bit extra money and going feeding the homeless that is very important by love i mean is how god defined love in john 316 where the bible says for god so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son that whoever lives in him shall not perish but have everlasting life for god defined love for us by showing that the best way to love someone is not just to help their life but to save their soul to save their soul to save their soul the story of mary tells us a very interesting peculiar example when the holy spirit comes to mary through an angel and an angel of the lord tells mary that god has a plan he wants to save the world but he wants to bring a savior into the world but god is looking for someone to partner with see god could have let jesus be born on the street grow up on his own be completely independent and go and save the world but somehow god has chosen to partner with us and what god has chosen was this is god has chosen to use someone else's body and to plant within the body that seed and so that body will nurture that and then give birth to that through pain and then see that child grow up and eventually save the world the holy spirit the same way today is looking for us to lend the holy spirit not our body but our soul and the purpose for our life so that he can fill it with what he wants to fill it with and we nurture that we water that we we align our life with that purpose and we see we give birth to that purpose we pay a price for that purpose and we see people's lives being impacted and then the holy spirit says I will bless you and people will call you blessed god wants your life to carry his child god has children his children see when god came to marry his child was jesus jesus but did you also know that god has a child named pedro did you also know that god has a child named john and he wants someone to open their life and to carry not their child someone else's child and mary had to go through scandal mary had to go through the possibility of losing joseph mary had to go through actually being disconnected from her family only because she chose to carry a child that wasn't even her own so many people would have just aborted it and simply say you know what this is not my child too much work too much pain i'm not gonna do that i tried it this no longer cute people making fun i mean joseph doesn't understand but mary said listen whatever price i have to pay but i gotta help god no god doesn't need any help but god wants to partner with us and she says i'm gonna carry this child i'm gonna give birth to this child i will protect this child i will do whatever it takes and the holy spirit says if you do that i will help you i will allow my angels to surround to support you i will let wise men to come i will let shepherds to come i will do all of these things why because you have taken something that's precious to me and you're carrying it do you know that you can do that too anytime you make your purpose of life not only to make money get married and get a house but your purpose of life saying lord you have children they are lost and they are in my heart they are in my prayer list something begins to happen the holy spirit begins to work through your life and he begins to save them through that god is not going to save our city by us saying lord that is a great idea to save the city thousands locally and millions globally fantastic idea i'm not sure if you knew that but this fantastic idea just want to let you know great awesome idea i would love to be a part of that but that's all god wants you to give him your purpose your focus and when we give god our heart when we say god here i am you can place your child your children you can place that neighborhood you can place that family god you can place these people i don't know them god they're not my biological siblings and god i do not have a physical affection for them as i would have for my own mother or my own father but god you've blessed me with the fact that my father and my mother my brother and my sister is serving you and not a one my heart now to be available only to business only to be available to my dream i want my heart to be available to carry a child that is yours that you love you care for and you want you died for i want to carry the child lord and when you begin to say that you know you say but how that's gonna happen who am i and this is where the answer comes is that listen it's impossible with men it's possible with me the holy spirit begins to come and overshadow people who make a decision and say god it's not gonna be about me i'm not just gonna carry my dreams and ask you to carry my dreams god let's do a switch i carry what matters to you you carry what matters to me that's exactly what mary did and i want us to do the same today whatever challenge you are facing whatever troubles life brings listen life is life but have to keep hope you gotta keep faith and you gotta keep love love is being vacant and available to the holy spirit to place a dream of god inside of our heart and pay a price to run with that dream till the end see that dream come to pass not to drop it not to abort it not to give up not to quit and not to trade it for something else and then you know what it does it activates god's angels because the moment mary said okay lord yes i will do that i don't know what's gonna happen i know it brings more trouble but i will do the god's angels begin to arrange things when we live our life only for ourselves many times that could actually only activate not god's angels but the enemy's angels god wants you to god wants you to activate god's angels by letting your life borrowing your purpose your soul and your heart for god's will this is my heart heartbeat this is why i live in my phone many people make different decisions some people make decisions to strap themselves with the bomb go in the mall and blow place up and while i regret and i cannot think in my mind how could somebody do that i am responsible for what i do with my life and so are you what decisions did you make how many people were impacted by that decision is that decision also to i want to strap myself with hope faith and love and every place that i walk in that my life will bear influence on that place i want to fill my prayer request that when my life is over there are thousands and millions are in the kingdom of god why because i made a decision to give my life to the holy spirit the holy spirit i will not only care for what's mine i will also carry for what's yours and i will make yours mine i will make what you care about those people maybe i don't even know their name today but god they exist they have a social security and they have a fingerprints and they have a story and they have a sin they need to be redeemed with and god that is gonna go inside of me and i will not only carry it and lift my hands when somebody invites me to pray for them but god that will be the purpose of my life and something begins to happen the holy spirit begins to move even in a greater way to see that happen do you know why you're here many of you here today because someone was the Mary someone took you and got pregnant if i could use that word with prayer someone played you out when i was upstairs today watching cars pulling in watching victoria i remember the first time the victoria came to service someone invited her someone started to pray watching you driving in you were someone's prayer request today you're a testimony who did that the holy spirit how did he do that not just an accident pulled you out of the crowd and brought you to church no he first came and he touched someone he filled someone's heart with compassion and then you came there will be thousands and millions they will come exactly the same way let's not be bombarded with the challenges of our life with the successes of our life that we miss hope faith and love amen


Wonderful. As the slide says, this is about games. This is about the games of the way games should be written, about games libraries, games mediaware, and with respect to open source obviously, because this is false then. Because most commercial games will not or won't, for some reason, use open source. There are several reasons for this. One of them is that the libraries aren't written the way that games programmers use libraries. It's slightly different when you're doing a game to, you know, a web server or a web processing app. So what we're going to do is we're going to look at why the badness happens, how it happens, how we can correct that. And obviously, since I wrote this thing, we're going to be promoting SGX for whatever reason. But first, the obligatory ego slide that tells you all about me and where you should listen to anything I have to say. Yeah. I did a book a few years ago on cross-platform programming. So how do you write a game on PlayStation and make it work on the Xbox? Not quite as easy as it sounds. And then wrote another book on open source and game development about the libraries, about the way they're used. I then did a show on the internet, a little podcast about beer where I review beer. Just switch one of the three people genuinely want to talk about. So today I'm going to talk about games. So the first thing we're going to do, if we're going to do a library, we're going to have some common ground. You've got to start from somewhere. So obviously this slide says, where is it? Well, obviously integers. They're completely common everywhere, except on the PlayStation 2, where you change, Xbox is a little bit different, so we can't rely on integers being the same. So we've got no common ground there. The standard library, as it says, is standard, but there are so many standards to choose from. They aren't the same. In the C library, which is what all professional games programs use, there's a little function called Q-Sort. You're probably aware of this from the C standard library. Q-Sort does not do a quick sort, even though it suggests it. All it does is a sort, which means if you've got two keys that are the same, which is legitimate and loud, they could be swapped if your library happens to do a non-Q-Sort. This will cause you bugs, and you won't know about it because it's a different standard. Sorry, can't use it. And the Gnu compiler isn't actually available everywhere. It's not available in the Wii, amongst other things. So I was wondering, what do I put here? Are we going to start with some common ground? What's that base level? Language is the invention that makes all others possible. I thought that's quite a good quote myself. I should have put it there. So we're geeks. We deal with languages every day. Scripting languages, programming languages, functional language, everything. What does that mean? Is that object? Is that object? What is an object? Is it available? Is it a container for data? A container for instructions? Data and instructions? Data but not instructions? A procedure? A function? A specification? An instance? We're not really good at this common ground language thing in reality. And when it comes to engine, what's an engine? Most people say, oh, I've written an engine. No, you've written a graphics library that wrappers open GL. There's a difference. We need to have some kind of common ground that we can all understand. And as soon as we've got that, we can't even move on. Well, next thing, we all rely on everything else. Open source is very good at this. We rely on other components. That's not so good in games. All of a sudden, your standard little renderer needs 27 other things to build, half of which are available in the exports or the PS3, so no games program is ever going to touch it. So what sort of components? Well, this is a fairly easy example. A building library. You've got a mouse. You move the point on screen and you click on a button. That's fairly easy.  Mouse on X is quite different to mouse on Windows, which is different to the way the Wii pointer works. So let's abstract it. Well, you can, and you can create this little get cursor position, but it doesn't work. Who says you're using the left mouse button the whole time? You're using a joy pad. You're using a joystick and a button. Which button? If you've got three players all joining a multiplayer game and any of them can join in, you can't even say, is button pressed? It's not going to work. And games have to handle this. There are so much pieces of source code out there that if your thing doesn't slot in and work, no one's going to use it. There's enough source data. You say, well, that doesn't work. I'll try this one. I'll try this one. And when you find out they don't work, you write it yourself. It's going to be quicker. So we've got to solve these problems. I have this problem as well. Everyone has this problem of display and processing.  They'll write a little chunk of PHP processing. They'll output some stuff. They'll write some stuff. They'll process an output process. You can't mix them. Games, we have a few benefits. Because let's face it, all graphics are visual. So we can mix in the processing and the output, the display, the nice funky stuff. Because graphics are always visual. In every single game, we're always working with graphics. Oh, no, we're not. As soon as you suddenly realize your game engine is meant to be running on a server, there's a little game called World of Warcraft that some of you may have heard of. Some of you have probably World of Warcraft spouses as well have been lost to the game. Sometimes, graphics engines do not run on graphics hardware. So you've got to sort, if you've got a mesh, a character mesh that walks through a door and your graphics engine is saying, can I walk through that door?  Your game doesn't work. So you can't just, what you would normally do is run the graphics engine to do stuff for you. I said in the notes to the slide, by the way, I would talk about the human aspects. And this is it. Humans are awful. If you could write software about humans, it would be much easier. Because basically, they'd not let change their code. If it doesn't work, they're going, well, yeah, if I change it and I make your stuff work, if it breaks to someone else, I'm responsible. I just understand that I don't want to be responsible for breaking people's code. But humans are problems as well as the code. So we're going to solve this problem as well. Fill out what we should actually give up at this point. Fear not. There are three steps to the problems that happen with games and games libraries. There's the human-human thing. How do we arrange for humans to do work and not make everything break? There's the human-computer thing. How do we have common terminology? How do we make sure that we convey our ideas correctly? And we have computer-computer things, making sure APIs are OK, programmed by contract, things like that. Where will start? Where will start at the beginning? The engine means everything. It doesn't mean a graphics renderer with a math slide be hidden in the middle somewhere. It means everything. Components. These are completely independent things. If the audio component relies on the collision system, or the graphics relies on the collision system to get a mesh through moving through a door, it's wrong. You don't need that amount of interplay. You don't need the drivers. These are common. You can have a collision system which work on every platform. You don't need a graphics driver to tell you that. And you can then write your drivers that just say, OK, now push some polygons. Now make some sound. This can work on any platform. And you just write probably a thousand lines of code if that to make it work on any of these other platforms. Something obviously which I can't release is the WEE code and the DS code, which also does it in less than a thousand lines. Same engine. Just separate driver code. Separate the driver code to drive a code with the main abstractions. Base everything around a core. Obviously, since it's SGX is something that I'm involved in, the SGX core is the way to go. This is the language quote from earlier. Language makes all other inventions possible. The core makes everything else possible. If we say, let's have a common set of types, and this is one of the really important ones, unfortunately. Run at the bottom. Everyone says, oh, I will pass an integer to this function and it will do stuff. What's all that we integer? Two byte, four byte, side, unsigned? Create a common set of types and if everything uses these set of types, we all know what we're doing. No one can be saying, oh, no, I thought you were going to be unsigned. Oh, no, I thought I had 32 bits here to play with. Common set around everything. Abstract things. If you're doing cross-platform work, the key word is abstraction. Just hide everything else away from the lower. The entire standard library, Q-Sort, everything else, hidden away by a little lower. Functions happen to begin with SGX because that's the engine. But just hide them away a little bit. So if there is a problem in Q-Sort, doesn't sort that way, at least it will on all the other platforms because you've abstracted it. I learned how to do green about halfway through doing these slides. It's good for me, okay? I didn't do this good stuff. Uncouple your code. When we talk about, oh, a mesh could move through a door. Yes, that is a physics type of problem and it is a bit of a graphics problem, but actually in reality, it's geometry. Separate away. Have a common set of geometry code that processes polygons, processes meshes, processes a square versus a line. All this sort of stuff doesn't rely on graphics. It doesn't rely on anything. It can be used by graphics and can also be used by the sound code. If you're trying to work out, can I hear this noise and can the AI run after you? You can use exactly the same geometry code, but it's not in the graphics engine. It's in a domain which is separate and relies on nothing other than a core set of types. Create a skeleton library which is just the sheer basic bones that says this is how you access information. And templates are always good, so you can basically take something and compile it and it just works. One of my pet gripes and a lot of things is source code on Linux. If it's not on the disk or it has an issue sometimes. Single turns are a wonderful thing. I know a lot of people hate them, but in engines it's really quite cool. You start by creating an engine. This creates a global pointer inside its memory. So your initialization routine calls this and that's platform-specific. It generates the platform-specific pointer. But then everything else in the entire engine uses this generic. Very, very simple. And this stuff, it may go through to platform-specific, but it can also go through to the basic driver, which means you can share the code for four or five different drivers without changing anything. Something a lot of people think, oh, but it's just a global. So why don't we just call it graphics underscore apply texture? Well, that means as soon as you go to another platform, you need to copy graphics apply texture to every single platform. Or if you change the interface or you add functionality, you've got to go back and add it to everything. Whereas if you're doing a sort of a class hierarchy, and this is also a plus, plus, obviously, you can tell from the syntax, if you do the class hierarchy thing, then you can write stuff that's common and all the drivers can use it. Create nice interfaces, obviously. Giving to the rich, taking from the poor. Go back to the gluing example. We can't just go in and take a mouse pointer. We can't just say, oh, give me the joystick position, but I'll work out which of the three joysticks wants us to say okay at this point. Take it from somewhere.  Your game is the only thing that understands how it should work. So get the game to say, okay, give me the joystick position, give me the buttons. And then send that message back down to the input, to the GUI system. Because that way you can have a nice layer up here and it can talk this way. Somebody will go, oh, that's a lot of processing. No. When you realize you're pushing thousands of polygons out of the screen, you're pushing megabytes and megabytes of data through your pipelines. It's an extra two bytes to take an XY position from this library and give it over here actually a process. It's not a block. And it means that the libraries will fit in with everything else. And that's the key point. Libraries want to play together. When it's open sourcing, you can just take and you can recompile and you can build and you can shuffle around. Very easy. When you're in a game, people generally aren't going to be doing that. They will take, they will run it through and if it doesn't work, they will move on and rewrite it. So a punctuation is wrong. No. Yeah, that's the way. So if we have about a minute and a half left, I can do questions on games or beer since I know which one most people want to talk about. Including Frank. Unless I've actually covered everything and we're about to run out of time. No, we'll do about a minute. I took quick. Yes. The NDA is actually forbid me from mentioning them at the moment. There's one which is meant to be out on my phone in the middle of March. But because it hasn't been announced, I'm not allowed to say what that one is. There's a TV, a children's TV show. There's a re-game coming out, which will be in the August catalog for August, I think. Again, which you can't quote me on because it hasn't been announced formally. It's in that as well. There's another couple of educational games that it's being used in. Plus portions of the engine have been used in previous games. I've been writing games for about 14, 15 years now, including this guy from Vendetta based on Bruce Willis character who goes around in a vest. We did a game on that. There's portions of this code from there because it's the engine I thought. I could write it in work or I could just copy the code I've written. And I don't like rewriting things. So several of them. Come on next year. I can tell you all about it next year. They're actually all cross-platform. The die-hard game was out on GameCube, was on PS2 and on Xbox. And there's also a PC platform that we use internally for development. It's much cheaper to have a PC running the game than it is to buy an Xbox dev kit or a PS2 dev kit. So they are all cross-platform. One of my tenants is development. 15 minutes is an awful long time. You don't realize it until you get up here. Yeah. If there's anything else, I'm going to... I would say... Perfect timing. Thank you.