So the topic today is military dissent GI resistance, you know veteran dissidents There's there's all kinds of words for it, and it's it's kind of the unspoken Inconvenient topic at hand. It's always inconvenient the powers that be what George Carlin called I think correctly the owners of this country They don't want to even recognize a hint of military dissent.  I think predictions are difficult and None of us really knows how this is gonna end Petraeus general Petraeus said that about the Iraq war and it was really the only smart thing he said about the Iraq war But he was right about that. I don't think any of us know how this is gonna end but I'm gonna argue that What's happening today is remarkable that there is a rising tide of military and veteran dissent and That it is more profound than anything we've seen in 50 years since the other gentlemen I'm sharing time with we're serving and that it is in line with and of a piece with a broader history of American military dissent and and that's important and Finally, I'll describe some of the strands as as I see them Without making too many predictions, but I will say that there is if not reason for optimism There's definitely reason for hope and a lot of us were sort of waiting for this moment And what it was gonna be or if it was even possible. So You know, I am a very small part of this movement. I'm not a leader The extent that this is even a movement, right in any sort of tangible sense is questionable The the weakness and the strength at the same time of what's happening today in the anti-war community But also in the broader systemic, you know, social justice fatigue The the weaknesses that it's somewhat disorganized and the strength of it is that it's kind of organic and somewhat disorganized and touch Just a lot of different topics. So it's good and bad like so many things But I try really hard especially when it's you know in the street stuff for black lives matter or any of these You know broader social and criminal justice and racial justice issues to say listen I'm not a leader because look at me, right? And and and also I'm not really qualified But I'm glad to be here in solidarity with those movements. However, I will say You know, I literally just came off the barricade here in what we're calling, you know, occupied free Lawrence Lawrence, Kansas, which is a city a small college town in Kansas with a great history of Descent right starting with the abolitionists who found the joint up to, you know Post-Kent state three-day lockdown National Guard in the streets and all that and for a long time there was kind of a diaper, you know a kind of a Fallout or a fall off especially with the college students, but I think we're starting to see some of it again So, you know, I've been in the streets just about every day writing sleeping and eating not so much But one of the things that's interesting is I think I used to be naive enough to believe that my status as Of course a white male full of privilege, but as a veteran would protect me From from any side, right? Everyone's gonna thank me. The police are gonna love me and all this, right? And that has not panned out and I shouldn't seen it coming as a historian I should have definitely seen it coming, but you know, it's hard to get past some of those delusions I did not think that I would be in Kansas City three and a half weeks ago and that my own government would tear gas me again Again, because I thought the last time I would suck down tear gas would be in the gas chamber in cadet basic training in July of 2001 up at the Academy, but it wasn't right and and since then it's kind of deteriorated across the board and What I'm sort of seeing is that active troops Guardsmen, you know on duty an enormous number of veterans and even I'll give them a little bit Even some of the retired generals are sort of speaking out against at least this usage of the military in the streets With sort of one voice in a way that I've never seen Whether that last is questionable but for the longest time the Say the the far right or the militarist hawkish, right or or neoliberal Hawks, they could always count on having the veteran and the military community in their pocket Right and this critique is thrown to Democratic Party a lot with regards to say the African American community The idea being they don't have to fight for the vote so they can be neoliberals and all this and there's some truth in it But that kind of was true for veterans too, right and some of it was a mythology that we were all conservative But disturbingly there was truth in it That's kind of coming apart which is pretty remarkable and I will argue that something is afoot Again, I'm a small part of a small part of a big movement I've written about it recently, but I was in Tulsa for the Trump rally for three days planning and executing a I wouldn't say failed but halting direct action and I was there and I think this is like an instructive vignette in a sense You know, I'm there with 12 members of about face and veterans for peace. I belong to bowl We even had the executive director of veterans for peace there who was it was a pretty good showing Invited down there by the local Unified Tulsa community working in conjunction with I mean green peace and I can't even name all the different organizations to kind of throw this together and sort of the solidarity and the intersectionality of this was was incredible and We were sort of a vanguard if you'll forgive the Leninist term of a broader movement that was kind of supporting us and a lot of this Soldiers refusing duty people's signing letters against Trump's actions I mean there was just oh and then the 89 defense officials and many of whom were four-star generals who were coming out So this is the backdrop. This is the context we seized the flag poles at the box center and Kind of tried to defend them and sent climbers to whom we're women one indigenous from Oklahoma and The police obviously came down pretty hard and violently and aggressively and and Chopped us and I think as soon as we took off our Trump disguises, which we painfully wore And they saw the climbers then we were we were in trouble But it was you know, it was a it was a great action to be a part of because of the level of support that was behind it Because it was something it was a small part of a bigger thing on The way out as we were escorted for folks were arrested including a Vietnam combat medic From the American Division up north In Vietnam. He was arrested for taking photos Of course, he was standing in the wrong place because they criminalized space very quickly and very Arbitrarily and then three of our climbers the rest of us thought we were going into the paddy wagon You know, but they just tossed us and on the way out. We had to pass them the mugger crowd And everyone was wearing this shirt and Almost all of us except for the ones who had it thrown off in the scuffle when they were thrown on the ground by the police who's wearing these veteran sats and Being escorted out by the police You would think naively that perhaps will be treated okay by the crowd and the opposite was the fact We were screamed antifa at us and of course There were you know one person came up into a marine like two or three time combat vet friend of mine's face and you know speaking in tongues like yelling I assume accusatorily. I don't speak tongues fluently any longer or never did but it was it's always pretty wild I Think that why this is happening Why events like that are going off? Why a significant segment of veterans is actually Breaking the mythology proving we're not a monolith is There was a whole lot of kindling okay for a fire in the United States and some of us were wondering when it was ever going to kick off But then when you added the COVID crisis the depression that economic one that came from that The tribalism of the Trump era. I mean the tribalism has been there since Nixon and it's gotten normally worse But oh my god like the it's good and it's bad, right? There's this just division So when George Floyd, you know is is urban lynched right for eight minutes and 46 seconds I believe to his death this this was just too much There were rumblings before that of military dissent The polls, you know if to the extent that you believe them But when they come from the Cokes and when they come from even a lot of other like right-wing sort of organizations Then you want to believe them in a sense when they say that two-thirds this is 2019 two-thirds of veterans of the Iraq and Afghan war said those wars weren't worth fighting in the first place. That's remarkable I can't actually find precedent for it I've been working on data from the Vietnam era But you know even at the end of the war that's probably pretty close to where they were at among the troops among the veterans if that and then this year early this year we had 2020 poll that said 73% of veterans of the Afghan war Believe we should immediately withdraw from the war in Afghanistan now by the way both of those poll numbers, right? And there were several polls to this effect are higher than the civilians. Okay at a higher rate That's unheard of really with a few exceptions in American history Captain Crozier with co vid. That's the aircraft carrier that had a little bit of an outbreak of the Coronavirus and then he's fired and it's this whole mass and Trump basically questions his manhood and patriotism as he's want to do and The way that the troops sort of rallied behind that of course not everyone did and what we saw was a civil war breakout within the veteran community Part of which I tend to be a polarizing figure and sort of collect some hate mail as well as you know, nice stuff So this was the early rumblings What we know now is that the powers that be as I mentioned are terrified of this I mean, they're terrified of this, you know, we always say out in the streets, don't we? You know, we're many their few who streets are streets all this and in like strictly it's true But then the problem is they've always been able to count on those foot soldiers and they run from the security guard outside the nice boutique up to the Delta Force, right? But what happens and it does occasionally happen in empires What happens when the foot soldiers Renee? This is this is scary so, you know, there is a history to this though and and There's this praise that gets thrown around a lot now And I'm sure we would throw it out for any or you know for any group I say okay boomer and all this and there's like a dismissal of our parents generation or my you know My people my age there's a dismissal of our grandparents. It's like hopeless racism There's some truth in all of that. But there's a lot to learn from the past. Maybe they're not direct lessons But military descent has always been part of the American experience Much of it written out of the history books like that Vietnam part that I'm gonna get to be and I'm gonna leave most of it for the actual Vietnam veterans But you know, that's been whitewashed, you know, why did the war end? Oh you the war ended because of all the college kids in the streets or oh the war ended because Nixon decided to end it Okay, all of that is somewhat true, but what's forgotten is that the military nearly collapsed Nearly collapsed in upon itself, especially in some of the draft de-forces and especially in the early 70s We don't talk a lot about that history So where do we fit in? Well in the Mexican war that was the highest rate of Dissertion in America any American war the second being Vietnam Norma's number more than 10% I think it's 13% Just walk off during the Mexican war Famous generals and presidents like Ulysses S. Grant Said that I had a horror of the Mexican American war was the most wicked war ever and I'm ashamed of myself Essentially because I didn't have the courage to resign and he remembered that and talked about it throughout his life, especially later in his life and But that but you know, he didn't do much at the time You know, he was a West Point grad and he was a good, you know, good soldier like all of us often are but he definitely had regrets Beyond the desertion we had Irish Catholics run away to the Mexican army and and fight for them And they form the same Patrick's or the same patricio battalion and they fight, you know To the death because they know they're going to be executed if they're captured and many are You move forward to like the banana wars and the early sort of overseas imperialism And I heard I heard the Smedley Butler chapter right mentioned in the bio Smedley Butler is like my hero, right? He leaves a 30 something for a year career in the Marine Corps kind of builds the Marine Corps as we know it today Fights all these imperial wars and then he retires and he's starting out rumblings at the end of his career against that He retires and he says I was a gangster for capitalism that what I did around the world was racketeering And you wanted to dismiss him except he's a two-star general and back then that was basically the highest rank in the Marine Corps And he won the Medal of Honor twice He would have wanted more Except that the write-ups that he would that he got that would have gotten him the Medal of Honor We're at a time when officers couldn't win it.  I never learned about him in high school. Never I did I certainly didn't learn about West Point. So I mean, I self-taught right my students at West Point learned. That's about the Butler But I don't know about everybody else World War one was an enormous backlash of draft ease especially Wilson had called for like a million volunteers He got 75,000 and then he was like, oh man, I guess I'm gonna have to go to a draft Which just deflates the narrative of course that everyone was so patriotic about these, you know, submarine attacks and this German aggression Actually hundreds of thousands of folks end up in what they called conscientious objector prisons. Basically They were like labor camps for folks who wouldn't fight Again unbelievable amounts and then there's Vietnam, which I'm only gonna briefly touch on but it's the last draft the army and by the late war We're starting to see sort of like platoon level mutinies or at least passive resistance In the more overt ways most people didn't do this We have the fragging incidents hundreds several hundred incidents of fragging with I believe 89 deaths of like aggressive officers and NCOs Who they felt would have put them in danger to die needlessly in a hopeless war that it was clear like our wars today was never even meant to be one that this was Going to be a declare victory and then leave This all terrified, you know, and then there were salons and underground GI newspapers racial strife drug use now Some of that's been overplayed, but it would you know, there was real resistance So there's a reaction to that. There's a reaction and the reaction is a Nixonian classic as always great a cynical reaction and we get the all volunteer force that I spent my life in carrying water for the Empire and There are enormous challenges to the GI descent.  Well, you volunteered So why are you complaining? But it's far more than that. It's the sorts of folks that are going to go into it The demographics have changed the military became more southern more rural it became sort of an economic draft the combat units became more white And male then they were in Vietnam when it was, you know at certain points There was disproportionate black casualties because you know the sorts of folks that wanted to choose combat duties were We're you know tended to be white Southerners and guys from the Mountain West and then a lot of minorities who are still in Norma's portion of the military were in the support branches because it's like they wanted to sort of You know, you know get something out of military service It's hard to have a broad anti-war movement when People graduating high school people graduating college and I think more importantly the mothers of America Right to use a platitude don't have to worry that their son who graduates from high school in three months Is going to be eligible for the draft? There is not a lot of motivation for her to read the foreign policy section of the New York Times Or whatever online source so there was this real just pushback at any sort of anti-war movement in the civilian world But then also to a certain extent in the veteran community So it is even more remarkable that we're seeing what we're seeing today and I'll Briefly kind of close with these strands of dissent that I'm seeing and then I think it would be more interesting if Folks want to ask later. I can go into depth the first strand is the one that gets all the attention and It's also the least important and the one that I'm most cautious about In fact, it's the one that gets up the only one that gets attention and that's the Mattis is st. Mattis remember him the Mattis is and and the Mullins and then the always late-coming Colin Powell's of the world and you know about a hundred other senior defense officials generals and admirals mostly but some civilians who Well, they said Trump's reaction to the protest with regard to using the troops in the streets was inappropriate Now if anyone else had written those letters Pretty much. I agree with them word for word But we must consider the source none of these folks Mind you it is remarkable that they did this. I mean it is still important It's rare that there's that kind of consensus among pretty conservative folks. I mean at least systemically Never had a single one of these generals Questioned the systemic imperialism and militarism of the military and the country that they fought for for 30 years Never one of them not once publicly ever They've never really shown any ability even look at the structures of the military industrial complex in a real way In fact, many of them belong to them. They work some of these guys who wrote the letter work for the Raytheons of the world basically so we have to just be cautious about canonizing Identifying or sanitizing the records of these folks I think nevertheless the fact that so many of these guys have come out to stay something about Trump's ridiculously escalatory response Stealing lines from segregationist mayors in the 60s means it is awful and he's a monster But my fear is that what the blue that holds the generals together is anti-trumpism, right? Not anti-militarism the second is sort of the veteran community and that's that's the groups about face veterans for peace Even on the libertarian side bring our troops home dot US There are organizations that have been organizing for some time now veterans against the war, but The membership is swelling right now Swelling and part of the reason I think is that they've chosen to be intersectional They've chosen to be in solidarity. They started that at Standing Rock when about face and veterans peace camped out and In the process, they've actually like widen their aperture a little bit And they've especially gotten a lot of membership from women and people of color in the military veterans I Think this is important, but you know, we've stood with black lives We put out this open letter for people to resist and several hundred Veterans sign their names in publicly. I mean you had to put in like data to show that you really in the military And you put your name to it and Trump era that's dangerous When Trump gave his speech at West Point over a thousand now graduates of that Academy This is not a snowflake II lot folks. I'm the radical in that group. Okay over a thousand signed a letter Just eviscerating Trump's response and basically saying that all his calls were unconstitutional We have people in the streets I mean enormous amount of resistance among the veterans at the protests and the final group and the most important one and The hardest to measure because this is whitewashed. This is hidden from view is the rank-and-file resistance of serving members We know that reports came into veterans of peace and about face right away There are reports in certain units of disciplinary action being taken or considered people are actually refusing their orders Beyond that though, there's Crises of conscience and ethics and competence that are going on I'm not the only one but I can use myself as sort of an anecdotal thing that I can speak to which is that over the years I've received these sorts of emails from strangers and former students who are the tenants now But mostly strangers saying what do I do?  I would get them occasionally since George Floyd's death I'm now over a hundred strangers who've reached out to me in serious ways. I mean not just like hey, let's talk I don't love this More like hey, can you give me the GI rights hotline number? So serious More in other words in four weeks or five weeks than in three years So we're seeing this we don't know exactly how far it's gonna go But I think it's important and so as I kind of close my remarks I want to mention the Romero fact and I think I mentioned on the last webinar and I talk about it all the time but you know, I'm basically agnostic, but I was raised in a you know, a Guilt-based Catholic Irish tradition and we're in class New York and and I still have some of the that value in me and Liberation theology that core of Catholicism that's again also been whitewashed until Pope Francis Oscar Romero and El Salvador when a right-wing government full of death squads in its military backed by our CIA and Reagan When they're killing peasants for political activity the Archbishop who had been a conservative decides to speak up for three years He gives these very what would be considered political homilies, but actually they're just in line with you know the New Testament really or at least the words of the red letters of Jesus and It is no accident that the last major Homily he gives was calling for the troops ordering them in the name of God is what he said to refuse to kill Their fellow peasants and to remind them of their solidarity and their oneness with the class that they were killing It is not an accident that it's basically a week later when he's assassinated on the altar In an incredibly sort of Christ-like pose my point there is that this demonstrates the fear when the foot soldiers revolt and I wish I had the courage that that rank and file is showing today when I was on The duty and I'm a little over time, but I hope that helps and I'm so glad to go into any detail later. Thanks


Welcome back to the session on latex. In this session, we will learn to change the colour of the theme. Till now, we have seen some colour themes having standard colours like blue, yellow and maroon. It would be a good idea to have a colour of a choice. The set beamer colour structure command is used to change the colour of the theme. Let us see a demo. I already have my previous session opened here. Please note that the dvips names is mentioned as an argument in the document class and the package colour is also included. Let us write set beamer colour structure and we write fg equal to violet. Let us build and run. Bravo! The entire colour theme is set to violet. The title background, the text, footer, frame title, blocks, bullets, everything is changed to violet. Let us try out a few more colours as well. Let us change this to brown. Let us build and run. That is it. Let us change it to green. Build and run. There you go. Now, let us change the theme to Berkeley instead of Madrid. Build and run. There you go. Observe that you can change the theme too at any point in time. Let us change the colour to violet and switch back to the Madrid theme. Build and run. So, this is how the presentation looks like. Apart from changing the colour themes, we may sometimes need to change the colour of specific components. For example, instead of the white colour of the text in the title, we may feel of using another colour or choosing some other shades in the footer. Well, all of these components have some names. For example, this is the title. In the footer area in which the author name and institute is appearing is called Palette Cherie. The area in which the title appears is called Palette Secondary. And finally, this is known as Palette Primary in which the date and slide number appears. Let us go back to our slides. As stated, we can change the colours of all these components. The commands are set beamer colour and the name of the component. BG means background colour and FG means the colour of the text. Let us see a demo. Let us copy paste this and we write Palette Palette Cherie and we say VG equal to grey and FG equal to yellow. Build and run. Observe that the footer has grey background colour and the text is yellow colour. Let us change the colour of the secondary palette as well. Let us copy paste this and instead of tertiary, we write secondary and let us mix grey and black to get a darker shade of grey. Let us write 70 black. Let us build and run. Notice that the secondary palette has a darker shade than the tertiary one. Now, let us change the primary one to black background and yellow text. So, instead of tertiary, we write primary and background, black and foreground is yellow. Build and run. Oh, this change the colour of the primary palette, but it also change the colour of the title and frame title as well. To override it, let us explicitly mention the colour of the title and frame title. So, we write set beamer colour in brackets. We write title and let us say BG is equal to violet and foreground let us have white. Build and run. That is it. We reverted the colour of the title. Same way, let us revert the colour of the frame title as well. So, instead of title, we write frame title having the same parameter colours. Let us build and run. That is it. Now, let us add a background colour to all our slides. The command is set beamer colour and instead of title, we write background canvas and let us have BG yellow. Let us mix it with white. Build and run. Notice that all the slides have yellow background colour. Let us switch back to our slides. We just saw to change the colour of the title and frame title. We also saw to change the colour of the background. So, in this session, we change the colour of the theme, some components and the background colour. Thank you. Have a nice day.


from the Sears radio theater tonight a story of the west with Lauren green as your host here's a preview may you must be touched me there's a gun in the drawer here and I can use it why did you use a gun come away from that way from touch me I won't Katie I won't touch you unless you ask me to the Sears radio theater will begin after this message from your local station this is Lauren green it was a time when gunfire was so commonplace in the territory that nobody in New Mexico took much notice of it pioneers could remember savage apaches Geronimo Billy the kid and the turbulent days of the Lincoln County war even at the turn of the century killers and killings had to be original to get written up in the papers Katie Macbeth filled the bill and never pulled the trigger and the witness stand at her trial she's reported to have said I hated that man I'd do it again if I could she was speaking of a dead husband an editor of the day called her Lady Macbeth of the Rio Grande the nickname stuck and that was only the second murder she committed a new adventure in radio listening five nights of exceptional entertainment every week brought to you in Elliott Lewis production of the Sears radio theater our story Katie Macbeth by Brainerd Duff you our stars Virginia Greg and Stephen Marco the Sears radio theater is brought to you by Sears robot and company sample proof that a story is best told by someone who if they didn't witness the event at the very least was in some way involved in what went on for that reason Toby Hibbitt's going to pick up right here I propose to tell the story of how I met up with Katie Macbeth those two men she killed one bright spring morning in 1897 I was riding north from Val Verde I was taking jobs where I could find him which is why I come there looking for work I wasn't meaning to participate in no tragedy the surroundings was congenial big Adobe ranch house a long ways out and up against the Magdalena Mountains they must have seen me miles away smoke was rising from the chimney but nobody came out to meet me I left my voice in the hay barn and went over to knock at the front door your name mister what are you doing around here I heard in town you might need a hand to do chores names Toby Hibbitt you'd be Mr. Alec Macbeth I suppose stepped in son what did you say that's right sir I'm a hell of a good worker I reckon I can use you for a week or two I'm Alec yes here's my father Ramsey Macbeth that's my wife Catarina don't make you Mr. Hibbitt you had a long life could I put you some time never mind all I thought the young man like I had breakfast if he wants some grubby can get it I only thought that I'll do the thinking guitars out there sweeping up she's my cook guitar I'll tell you what needs doing she'll show you where to bed down and feed you at mealtime yes sir telling me won't have no cause you come to the house but if you guys you should go around the back way that's right I keep the front door bolder yes sir reason I'm short of hands the range of busted the dam at my mills other side of the mountain men are all out making repairs I'm going up there that's one of the supervised I may be gone a while but I'll be here all the time what you know pretty yes sir I understand you look through this window you can see the bunkhouse beyond that road three yes ma'am I see it thank you kindly baby you'll find his way or you've got to do young fellow is 10 the old business and don't be smart Alec there you go I'll let you out the way you come in lady Macbeth I could tell from how she walked across the room that the lady had a warm disposition not a beauty but handsome shining black eyes I should have left right then but I didn't I was wrecking the yard when I saw Alec Macbeth right off towards the mountain later his father rode in the opposite direction while I stood wondering long-come guitar with a cup of wine quench my thirst drink this Toby you drink and come sit on this bench where it's safe thanks guitar you sure know how to make it comfortable for a man you bet your life you feel good now Toby real good how could I help it I've been waiting waiting for a cowboy like you just like me you need someone to wash your curly hair and keep you warm at night where the old man go off to all dood it up he's gone to a name-day party for a friend of his told me not to wait supper for him he's an old timer must be near 80 he already made it the 83 you look out for him Toby he's a mean one that son of it looks ordinary too where did he ever find a wife like her he was married 15 years to the first one now five more years to Katharina unlucky both times no children huh it is to be beaty she never had no babies those men never let her forget don't you like her she's like a fine lady her father was a basketball player with a Spanish blood look like me you like her Toby well you know she's good looking she ain't hiding it hey there she is sitting at the window you always think at the window what is she walking back and forth inside the empty house yeah I gotta talk to her my amigo where are you going son of a gun you're not supposed to go you're gonna get yourself in a big clover kids winter jackets and coats terrific values from Sears winter why is summer grass growing kids jumping kids out having fun kids don't look now but winter's coming and Sears will help you keep me warm with boys and girls jackets and coats we've got a wide assortment in sizes from tops to teens come in now cause summer's the time when jacket and coat selection is great come winter I'll be glad I did here are more super values from Sears we've got $100 off the price of our craftsman 10 inch table and radio saws now only $279.95 each and they saw cross cuts bevels and more here's best table saw includes light sets two extensions and one horse collar motor the radio saw has a 1.5 horse collar motor and a single lever minor arm control hurry your choice your 10 inch table or radio saw only $279.95 till July 21 prices and dates may vary in Alaska and Hawaii it's basic and colorful wrestling new but nearly harvest what's fall fashion basics from Sears Reaper wealth of long sleeve shirts in three color styles small rounded pointed or mandarin band collards in six autumn colors only $12 each look forward to ball and pants with fit proportion for tiny typical or tall figures in five shades to $13 a pair fall fashion basics shirts and pants with fit in Mrs. Geyser from the sportswear department prices may vary in Alaska and Hawaii all items available at most larger Sears retail stores the tragedy are ordinary a man might be going anywhere for a stroll to fetch a cool drink of water to see a friend Toby didn't know what would happen to him as he walked toward the closed door it seems to me that Katie Macbeth signal me with her eyes maybe even with her gesture of her hand I heard guitar call me but it's like I was being pulled toward the house next thing I knew I was upstairs knocking on Katie's door what do you want? I have something to ask you ma'am can I come in for a minute not better me what do you want? I've come to ask you if you've got some book that I could read I'm afraid I have no books I don't read them I'll get bored if I don't have something why should you get bored? why should I? I'm young and restless and it's a lonesome life sometimes it makes me despair you should get married and better down that's easy said ma'am who want to marry me? I've got a red scent in my britches there are nice church going girls in town I only meet the dance all kind there are poor a lot and got no education how can you expect them to know anything about love? love? you talk mighty fine and ambitious for a cow hand sure I'm ambitious I mean doing my own spread one day they're going to make a state out of all this put it in the union country's changing, got to change with it I'm not to something yet I told you Seabird you're ambitious I never heard they like up to you well look now I'd like to come and talk to you when you've got time I've always had more of that than anything else you don't mind my saying so you'd be a comfort to a man who had any feelings my land almost appears they keep you in a cage like a bird my heart is sad for you what are you talking to me about your heart for? I can't see it's any of your business I feel I guess you've got a scar along now for this no please ma'am Katie I know I see you're less no better than mine you're lonely too what have you come here for? well you must not touch me there's a gun in the drawer here and I can use it why should you use a gun? come away from that window don't touch me I won't Katie I won't touch you unless you ask me to she looked at me funny when I said that like maybe I'd opened up a subject she'd been keeping secret then like she was doing it in a dream she put down the gun and walked over to me she looked at me, started me he might say her head was a little to one side I remember as though she was trying to figure something out then she closed her eyes she was trembling just a little bit no easy now to say how quick it happened if I wasn't so indecisive and a pretty lady's complimentary manner I'd have kept my eyes open I tried to understand that look she gave me before she made a decision but I didn't so we spent that whole day upstairs together me and Katie and one thing I found out there was something funny about her something black boiling up inside her you go back to the bunkers get away from here my father-in-law will be coming home he'll lock up the door he must be peculiar if he thinks a door can keep me out they built a porch with pillars on it didn't they he'll find out about us maybe you'd better be moving your car somewhere else better hadn't now when I found myself a woman like you name's Gorsy what I tell you before it's too late tomorrow morning early you'd better pack up and leave no Katie I ain't gonna go not yet a while week I took my chances and spent every night till daybreak with Katie Macbeth all that time guitar cooked my meals and seldom spoke a word but she must have told on us cause one morning I went sliding quietly down and Ramsey was waiting on the porch with a bullwhip in his hand where you been you're in care for me wherever I've been I ain't there now you got onto the wrong side of the wagon tongue up on this soft pillage with my daughter-in-law you can't undo what's done I'll show you what I can do I'll show you don't hold off old man crawl on your knees I'm gonna cut ya I couldn't get near him he cut me bad afterwards I went crawling up the hillside and lay there near to die him that nightfall guitar took that old man supper inside me I found through the window how Katie stirred it with her own hand and served it to him by morning he was dead and she stepped out on the porch and started calling Toby so you're here to my voice thought I'd get on my horse and go quick but Katie made me stay while he was giving a pious burial a message got sent notifying her husband Alec up in the mountains and he didn't return so I hung around some more Katie was wild with love not letting me out of her sight for a minute and plenty of wine from the cellar was drunk when it got too hot indoors we put a feather bed under the apple trees and stretched out there I can't remember ever being so happy hmm you were to be but you that did all the coaxing I didn't want to love you Toby you're talking like a fool what's the matter my darling one tell me what's the tale there's Alec you're a law-abiding husband you'll be home any day now and what'll happen to me I'll go back to the bunk house and watch your lamp going out up in the bedroom how do you think I'll feel how can I help thinking about it or else your husband's probably been told everything by now if that's so it won't be a matter of days before I got to saddle my horse if he's been told there's only one person that's Kutera when he's done there won't be a sign of me for miles around no Toby it won't happen I can't leave unless you stay here with me I can't expect you to love me forever there's no hope of us ever getting married the dogs are barking out back it wouldn't be him coming home no they know Alec it's not the racket by the stomach what's he one time soon he'll be here there ought to be a story today for him cleaning out everything else it's like a narcotic with a punch in the jaw it takes over your mind and your body and makes your brain stop functioning so Katie and Toby full of nothing but their love for one another miss hearing something they didn't hear the ranch watchdogs when they stopped barking Toby Toby wake up now what are you doing leave me go listen home he's home I don't hear nothing the dogs were barking and they stopped I thought I was screaming then I heard the iron lock and the kitchen door he's there now they're outside this room dear God Katie what are we going to do get over on the porch roof and don't go too far you sure he's there yes I'm very sure get out on the roof wait till I call you I will oh is it who's there is that you Alec can't you walk in you gotta come to put it on the table how are you I'm alright why did you come back in the middle of the night I heard you buried my father weeks ago he died and so he was buried fine thing to do while I was going away it had to be done Alec why did he stay so long I was 50 miles off on the far side of the mountain making a deal for timber did you make a bargain Alec I did now have you been passing the time here you know the lot of pleasure I lead fancy dress parties every week going to the theater you don't show any pleasure in seeing me well we're not young anymore you want me to jump out of that in case you of course I'm pleased you're home I heard a thing or two about you and your pleasures Katerina we're going to talk about that right now Katerina isn't frightened of you anymore word gets around you should have been more careful I won't put up with your abuse I know the way you've been carrying on if you know you're better than me got a lover ain't you high old doings while I've been gone all I want to hear I'm getting out of bed we'll settle this where is he I'm going to hush whip that weasel I'm going to beat him within an inch of his life it's had too much of that already Toby come in where he is how do you like my darling and he handsome though look how I kiss him how do you like that Alec see how I do it take your hands off my wife what's wrong don't you like it you're my wife so that's how it is hate me will you I was only waiting for that now it's your turn Katie what's what you're doing I'm with him and me on him put your hands on her and she's throat and squeeze you wouldn't have me kill him wouldn't I never did you to creep up on your wife like a thief and spy on her help murder I was just pinning his two arms holding him I looked up to see Katie with a candle stick in her hand no it's all over he's done for alright I never thought I'd be in a thing like this cold blooded murder no cost for fear you planned this didn't you you've been planning this right along I'd do it again if I could did you think I'd let him come between us don't you feel nothing look at him lay in there with his eyeballs white and staring what kind of a woman are you what kind of coward did you turn out to be don't stand there shaking go to the kitchen and fetch me water and rags the way these things before the sun comes up this won't be washed away and when that's done there's work for you to do you'll need a shovel to dig his grave where where can we do that in the wine cellar it will toughen those dainty hands of yours I can you can and you will now wonder what happened they'll be searching for him oh no not here they won't we'll turn his horse loose on the mast and they'll think he fell in the ravine Katara what about her don't worry he's still asleep he's coming back nobody saw him but us I won't go through with this I'm going sick all in my head and stomach you'll soon get over it what if they search the cellar and find him there they won't we'll bury him deep so deep nobody will be able to find him not till the resurrection day with the concluding act of Katie Macbeth I wish I'd never gone to that place and met up with her but there wasn't no turning back this appearance of her husband Alec naturally caused considerable speculation in the vicinity but Katie turned his horse loose above the ravine he was gone and that was that when the ranch hands came back from the mill I was hired as the new foreman to boss them Katie never went to the town to sell but Katara had to go and buy supplies and she was the one who spread the scandal of the rumors about it months went by then another pretty soon it was plain to see the way it was the kind of secret that couldn't be kept but Katie was so crazy with love she was downright glad about it it's what I've been hoping for so be darling but you know what it means for us no I don't know what it means I'd have it fun and air the property will be ours then no mistake there's a mistake all right call that grazing and timberland you'll be a rancher like you always wanted to be and own the finest spread you must be plum local if you think those upright territory folks will let us get away with it great lord what right have they got to go poking into our business I'm the lawful wife of my little husband and I won't let this ranch go to rock and ruin I won't let it nobody does take this land away from us when we get married you'll have the running of it free and clear so why put on his side face about it I can't help thinking back can I you should Kobe I want you to I want you to forget all about him how can I how can I forget when I still got the calluses on my hands from using the spade and crowbar in the cellar you quit your brooding and stay up out of there you got under too often Kobe I knew I was failing you you could down to the selling to drink sure I do why shouldn't I you've been drinking today haven't you I'm not drinking I'm drunk Amy I can't stand much more this kind of life you stay out of that cellar you hear me you are selfish Kobe you are always thinking of yourself no Katie down and I'm not thinking to myself that's not the point all I'm thinking is that we won't ever be as happy together as we might have been why not why should not we be happy together because loving you the way I do I want you to be respected like a real lady would be an envious they'll be remembering your husband now I can say wicked things about it what do I care if they do you're the one who keeps brooding about all of you to be one forget him forget him forever what we've done was on my conscience day and night what happened after that was bound to happen I knew guitar had a tongue in her head and wasn't afraid to use it and I knew there was going to be a clash between the two women yet it surprised me when it came the night is so later I was passing the little bunk house where guitar lived and I heard their voices through the open window look at the Madonna up on my wall with the candle burning I speak to our lady every day she answer my question and give me sign she told me all about the plans you make for me the plans are you talking about guitar you know very well what you're planning to do but I'm going to have you arrested you dirt for these cards see how I can read them they tell me things too the cards are too short and do not like three cards here four cards there now speak my truth and give us the news of the future tell us who is going to be prayer look daddy you turn up the cards all right I will I do there is a space that means death what did I tell you I read it clearly now me first then you for both of us death what is the matter with you I tell you what is the matter with me Katharina I was sick in my bed a week ago and you brought me soup flavored with dessert art didn't you I wanted you to get well but I tell you I feel much worse is the day you bring me the things I am sick I'm dying from the food you bring me I feel bad all the day but now I have stopped eating the growth in the medicina so you can't hurt me anymore this means no I don't see you're accusing me of putting poison in your food this is your what I am I know you very well you are the one that do it to me that you serve the old man Ramsey I remember that night and what you did to him you were trying to treat me the same way stop your mouth you foolish girl before I lose my temper with you I see I know about your husband Alice too what you and Toby do to him and your guitar and your noise cut it out you two the hands can hear you yelling all the way to the park house I sing for the stories there is gauze my good friend in town I told him all about it he will be coming soon tomorrow or today to help me he will arrest you Katarina you stupid girl do you dare to make trouble for me I will do something to stop your lying tongue baby don't talk like that Toby look at her she is a devil that one I see the devil in her eyes when she comes to see me you have predicted your own death first you, then me is that what you said look at him she has wild bobbin blood I will go straight up when you suit me for your gossip Toby is going to cost you Toby come on oh Katie we mustn't do this it's here go you are under charge of attempted murder right guitar I never planned for two prisoners to be in the jail at the same time much less one a man than the other a woman so they put me in the cell behind bars Katie stayed in an open place between me and the door which was kept locked they brought her a cot and a mattress better than what I was using but harsher than what she was used to she seemed to spend her time thinking staring out the window then turned suddenly to me eyes wide, hands over her belly and she smiled when she knew a secret something that kept her apart from every other person and thing then this one day Sheriff Gao come into where we was and you could tell the way he walked in and made me shudder I just knew that it was over I've been asking around about Ramsey and Alec Macbeth you know anything about where they might be ma'am I have no idea how about you Toby no, I don't know guitar told me a lot about what's been going on out there at the Macbeth ranch anything to what she said about you two about us? me and her? I gotta tell you Toby I suspect Ramsey and Alec was murdered and I suspect if you didn't do the actual deed you was a accomplice in the law it's the same you hang he doesn't know anything about it if you help me Toby then maybe I can help you I can't say what exactly prompted me to do what I done the Lord knows how much I loved her but my own conscience and I've begun to think I didn't have one my own conscience prompted me on and there I was talking away a mile a minute talking and talking I don't believe it's going to be hard to prove my suspicion that they was murdered nobody was murdered Katie, can't you see the game is up they'll find out the truth now be silent no, I want to confess everything and clear my conscience once and for all I advise you to do the same look in a wine cell as Sheriff you'll find Alec's body where I buried him what do you say to that ma'am? I say if Toby wants to confess then I cannot deny it yes, I killed Alec I killed them both why'd you do it Katie? I did it for him for Toby I committed two murders for him and this is how he found me Katie, I'm sorry I couldn't help myself I've been worried to death walking about in a daze now I've gone all to pieces what more can I say? you've said everything already they'll separate us now for good is that what you wanted Toby? do you want to prove that I was to blame for what happened? don't bother I know what to think of myself you don't know anything Katie or you wouldn't look at me that way if you knew what's going on inside of me have some pity I'm going crazy I've already forgiven you for what you made me do if only we could bring back the past I'd love you as I never loved you before are you crying? don't think that these tears are on your account not Toby, they are not I'm not crying on your account Toby it's just I think what might have been we lost we all know what happened next it was in the papers at the time how they dug deep in the wine cellar and found Alex's body the arrest of Katie Macbeth for murder got nationwide attention the trial was moved up to Albuquerque to make sure proper justice would be done there were some unkind words written about me Toby Hibbert people said it was wrong for me to turn state's evidence and testify against a woman but I couldn't see where I'd done anything so wrong when I went to that ranch I never intended to commit any murders all I did was entirely at her suggestion because I loved her funny thing during those days I aroused more general sympathy than she did Katie showed no sign of emotion she appeared the most cool and unconcerned person in court except for that one moment on the witness stand when she spoke about Alex I hated that man I'd do it again if I could it gave me pleasure to kill him when she said that the jury made up its mind to bring in a guilty verdict Katie was condemned to die on the gallows but she never got there she sent for me to come visit with her in the prison hospital where she'd give premature birth to a son when they handed her the newborn child Katie said thank you my wife and turned her face to the wall when she looked up again I was there by her bed Toby hello Katie how do you feel not very well it was a difficult birth still very weak did you see the boy no I didn't want to see him I told him to take him away my love for the baby's father has been transmitted to the child I love no one not even myself you're still angry with me then how could I help you being angry but you sent for me I was told you wanted to see me yes this is what I did I tried to tell myself I don't love Toby anymore but now when I look at you the passion myself is stronger than ever it makes you happy to see me again yes but was the good of this sort of meeting what joy easy to see each other after all the torture has gone through we do have some happy memories don't forget Katie how we used to pass the long summer nights together under the apple trees I remember very well don't you want to know about the ranch they're dating the property the sheriff gals trustee and he'll bring up your son who will be the sole heir to the spread that makes no difference to me now you're gonna be alright Katie I'm going to die let me kiss you no don't do that please I don't think I have this strength poor Katie please kiss me Toby once more I do love you Toby it's part of everything and I am a god it's how do you feel very poorly whatever you say but we've seen each other once again haven't we darling Katie yes we have coming Toby goodbye then goodbye dear Toby later Katie had a relapse the internal bleeding began they couldn't stop it it didn't take her very long to die and so the citizens of the territory of New Mexico are cheated out of a public execution that's my story then and the story of Katie Macbeth a handsome passionate gal who brightened my days and nights back in 1897 she's been gone a while now but I don't have any reason to forget her I never will where our policy is satisfaction guaranteed or your money back seers where America shops for value Katie Macbeth was written by Brainer Duffield produced and directed by Fletcher Marshall your host was Lorne Green our stars were Virginia Gregg and Stephen Marshall featured in the cast were Marvin Miller Peggy Weber and Howard Culver the music for Sears Radio Theater was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle this is Art Gilmore speaking the Elliott Lewis production of Sears Radio Theater is a presentation of CDI music 103 24 hours a day KMOXFM St. Louis the Department of Energy is quitting this is Doug Polling reporting on the CVS Radio Network Deputy Secretary of Energy John O'Leary says he has submitted his resignation and wants it to take effect September 4th a report from Nelson Betten in Washington O'Leary, who along with Energy Secretary Flassenger has come under criticism for handling of the developing energy crisis said he bears no hostility in leaving the job my plans were made long before the current to the spread of rumors that they wanted me out was made and indeed I informed them in late June 22nd and we've noticed that the great outpouring of rumors that they wanted my head has been since then there's no banker at all it's just that I'm tired it's been a long hard drive and I don't have the stamina that I did when I was 40 O'Leary spoke with reporters on his return from a meeting with governors at the National Governor's Conference in Louisville sources said his resignation had been planned the White House did not respond to CBS News queries about the O'Leary resignation Nelson Betten, CBS News, Washington President Carter's domestic summit on energy and the economy continued at Camp David today and the President met with 22 members of Congress House Speaker Thomas O'Neill said the group agreed it is time to give the President standby power to ration gasoline O'Neill also said there was general agreement on the need for conservation and synthetic fuel development Senator Edward Kennedy today commented on President Carter's efforts to deal with the energy crisis in Boston Kennedy said Congress should respond to meaningful proposals from the administration I think Congress will react very positively with proposed leadership, the American people are expecting it they're entitled to it and I think he's trying to give a great deal of final thought as to the proposals that they're going to make we just can't do with Band-Aid solutions anymore Kennedy called the energy crisis the most critical problem facing this nation he said without strong leadership things could get as bad as the depression of the 30s the Senate Foreign Relations Committee today began hearings under the SALT II treaty Secretary of State Vance warned the senators against any realistic hope of shifting the bargain more in favor of the United States through the addition of amendments and reservations several senators have said they intend to push four amendments, the treaty would limit the strategic missiles and bombers deployed in the United States and the Soviet Union through 1985 Voyager 2 today made its flyby of the planet Jupiter scientists have lots of pictures to study relayed back to earth from the area around the giant planet among them pictures of the moon Europa they show a green and white body one which might as say looks as if something crunched it with an eggshell a federal judge in Indianapolis has ordered the busing of 6100 black inner city pupils to suburban schools this fall, several suburban school districts involved have indicated they will appeal the order many of the nation's food stores report the independent trucker strike has cut into their supplies of fresh fruits, vegetables, meats and other foods about 17% of those surveyed reported normally low supplies to sing with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir it's just like you're in another world like you're in heaven to me it feels like you're part of some kind of a rolling machine it feels like if you could keep on singing you'd move something and I do I'm Spencer Canard inviting you to listen for our special 50th anniversary broadcast July 15th on most of the CBS radio network stations Cuba today promised to release 610 prisoners who had been accused of atrocities during the Cuban Revolution the move should leave the country without any political prisoners the announcement came in a banner at a government sponsored news conference made by Jorge Robleco-Lauré a leader of the Cuban exile community he had got


I'm Bob Baldacci, host of Baldacci on Business, and hopefully you've all seen our new show this season called Pitch Me. Well in May we're going to introduce a whole new concept, Pitch Me for Kids, main kids between the ages of five and fifteen will be involved in a competition hosted by Kate Gooding. Kate, tell us a little bit about Build-A-Biz and this competition. Thanks Rob for hosting Build-A-Biz Elevator Pitch right here for students fifteen and under. So students are going to be able to go online and register for this free youth entrepreneurial education program, complete the modules, submit their business plan questionnaire by deadline April 28th, note the top ten students throughout the state will be notified by May 1st so they can come down here and compete May 7th for a thousand dollar college scholarship. So they'll go through the modules, submit their registration, present their idea before venture capitalists, experienced panelists and students who are in business to have a chance to win the competition. And is there a cost to this? This is a free program this year, they get a free t-shirt, they'll be all excited, you know we're all about Build-A-Biz, B-U-I-L-D-A-B-I-Z dot M-E, start small, accomplish big, join us. Kate, thank you.


The Holy Spirit can be grieved. Ephesians 4.30 says, and do not bring sorrow to God's Holy Spirit by the way you live. Remember, He has identified you as His own, guaranteeing that you will be saved on the day of redemption. The Holy Spirit is a person. That doesn't mean He's a human, but it means He is personal. He has a mind, He has a will, He has emotions.  The things that we do or don't do can affect the way He feels. We can grieve the Holy Spirit of God. We can break His heart by what we do or don't do. This is my greatest fear. And I pray that if we fear anything, we fear grieving the Holy Spirit. Don't be afraid of the opinions of man. People will come against you when you speak the truth. People will attack you when you disrupt things by speaking what the Bible says, or when you disrupt things by speaking what the Holy Spirit says. When you follow the way of the Spirit, you're gonna be a disruptor. You're gonna say things that upset the religious. You're gonna say things that upset the establishment. You're gonna say things that upset the culture. You won't always be accepted, and that's okay. When we embrace the way of Christ, we embrace that cross, and often that means persecution for standing in the truth, for walking in His power, for simply loving God, for declaring the gospel. We will be persecuted. Don't fear man. Don't be afraid of man's opinions. They can't do anything to you ultimately. Ultimately, you're in God's hands. And don't be afraid of demonic powers.  Yes, we should be aware of the attacks of the enemy. Yes, we should be aware of his deceptions.  I'm not saying to be apathetic toward the power of darkness. I'm not saying to be apathetic toward the devil and demons. The Bible warns us that the enemy prowls around like a roaring lion seeking whom he may devour. But there's a big difference between vigilance and paranoia.  Greater is he who is in you than he that is in the world. Greater is he who is in you than he who is operating in the systems of the world. The Holy Spirit is more powerful than any spirit that might exist. There is no spirit more powerful than the Holy Spirit. So no, don't be afraid of man's opinions. Don't be afraid of the words that they'll speak.  The culture will come against you. The religious system will come against you. Your family will come against you. Friends will come against you.  And don't be afraid of demons. Be aware, but don't be afraid. Be afraid of one thing. Grieving the precious Holy Spirit, not for fear of punishment, although there are consequences to sin. Of course we understand sin has a very destructive power and even believers who persist in sin will eat of the fruit of destruction. But don't fear anything, but grieving the Holy Spirit. Don't fear anything, but grieving the Holy Spirit. Not motivated by punishment, but motivated by love. That's the life of the believer. To walk in a way knowing that what you do affects how he feels. Be motivated unto holiness by love. Perhaps you felt the sting of his pain and his heartbreak in an act of disobedience. I know in my life there were times that I thought something, said something, or did something or didn't do something that deeply grieved the precious Holy Spirit. And I could sense the atmosphere shift around me from the beauty of that presence, that glory resting on my life, that joy, that peace, that union, that perfect fellowship to this agitated atmosphere, this broken heart that I could sense, this heaviness, this weightiness. The psalmist wrote, your hand weighed heavily upon me. That grieving of the Holy Spirit, I don't wanna grieve him. I only fear grieving the precious Holy Spirit. I don't wanna break his heart. There are several things that we do that grieve him. I'll name five. Number one, sins of commission. These are the things that we do that we know we should not do. These are the things that we do that violate the word of God, that violate the nature of God, that violate the instructions that we were given by the Holy Spirit. When we do those things that we know we shouldn't do, we break his heart. Number two, we grieve the Holy Spirit when we don't do what he's telling us to do. He that knoweth to do good and doeth it not to him it is sin. That's what the Bible says. So when the Holy Spirit speaks to you to do something and you know it's him and you have to be careful with this sometimes because some have the tendency to take their every thought as an instruction from the Holy Spirit. So they begin to live with what I call religious OCD and that's not mocking that syndrome or that sickness but I'm saying that that's a reality. It's a reality that many believers suffer under because they're constantly obsessing compulsively over various things that they think the Holy Spirit is telling them to do. Stand there for five minutes and don't move. Stand up out of your bed right now and stand in the middle of the floor, don't move. Wear that red shirt, not the blue shirt. Go walk over to that gas station and just look for someone who looks like this. Sometimes that is the Holy Spirit, many times it is not. Don't suffer under legalism and mistake it for the voice of the Holy Spirit when it's your own thoughts and emotions. But the things we don't do, yes, can grieve him. They can break his heart. When he says help that ministry and we refuse. When he says witness to that person and we refuse. When he says do this ministry and we refuse. When he says go and do this kind act and we refuse. When he calls us to prayer, read the word and we refuse. These are sins of omission. Number three, what grieves the Holy Spirit is when we ignore the reality of his abiding presence. The Holy Spirit is constantly there but rarely acknowledged. Don't go throughout your life with such a busy pace that you can't acknowledge the presence of the Holy Spirit. Don't live your life in such a way that you're not aware of his nearness. The Holy Spirit is not far from any one of us. He abides in us, around us. He is that atmosphere that goes with us.  He makes you distinct. But some of us move through our lives at such a fast pace that we fail to even stop and recognize his nearness. Don't ignore his nearness. Don't ignore the nearness of the precious Holy Spirit. Continue to acknowledge him. Don't go the whole day without talking to him. Don't go the whole day without relying on him. Involve him, be aware of him, don't ignore him. Number four, what grieves the Holy Spirit is division in his body. Now, let me make this very clear. There are times that we need to divide. Jesus said, I came not to bring peace, but a sword, either you're with me or against me. Jesus made it clear that he is the way, the truth and the life, that no man comes to the Father but by him. So there is a time for division. If someone is blatantly teaching heresy, something that contradicts one of the fundamentals of the faith, okay, you gotta call that out. And if someone continues to do that, you have to separate from that. If a believer continues to live in sexual sin and doesn't attempt repentance, doesn't care, just blatantly living that lifestyle, the scripture says, have nothing to do with that person. Well, that's what the Bible says. That's not my word, that's God's word. So there is a time for division. But I think that believers often divide because of their ego, because of their own sensitivity, because of pride, because of fear, and they try to blame the Holy Spirit for them being in the flesh.  When really what they're saying is, I don't like you.  I can't tell you how many times I've seen believers argue and saying to one another, well, you have a bad spirit. So it's not that they just disagreed. It's not that they both got mad at each other because they disagreed, it's you have a bad spirit. Well, that's not maturity. In fact, our unity can only come in proportion to our maturity. And I'm not saying we embrace heresy. I'm not saying we embrace false teachers. I'm saying that true brothers and sisters in Christ will upset us sometimes. True brothers and sisters in Christ will disagree with us sometimes. True brothers and sisters in Christ will offend us sometimes. And when we allow that division to cause bitterness, to cause us to separate for reasons that are not biblical, now we're grieving the Holy Spirit. Why? Because the Holy Spirit in me loves the Holy Spirit in you. The Holy Spirit in me is kindred to the Holy Spirit in you. He that is joined to the Lord is one spirit with him. You're one with the Holy Spirit, I'm one with the Holy Spirit and therefore through the Holy Spirit, we are one. We're one body. And so when we bicker and when we fight and when we carry bitterness, think about those people in your life who you're bitter against and you can't even remember why you're mad at them. Think about those times you cut people off because they didn't agree with you on something that wasn't even a fundamental of the faith. That's your ego. That's immaturity. And these are the things that we do that grieve the Holy Spirit. Division is one of them. So we grieve the Holy Spirit through sins of commission. We grieve the Holy Spirit through sins of omission. We grieve the Holy Spirit when we ignore his presence. We grieve the Holy Spirit when we allow division and we grieve the Holy Spirit with our lack of faith. Without faith, it is impossible to please God. When we lack faith and we live in fear, we grieve the Holy Spirit. Why? Because we're saying to the Holy Spirit, I don't really trust you. You in my mind don't really have a good track record. Or we're saying, I am relying more on my ability than on yours. That's a lack of faith and it grieves the Holy Spirit. I wanna pray with you right now. I want you right now to make the commitment to be aware of the things that grieve the precious Holy Spirit. And I want you to ask for the Holy Spirit's help in causing you to walk in a way that pleases him. Father, I pray for that one receiving this now. And first of all, Lord, we thank you that your mercies are new every morning and every moment. We ask you to forgive us for the ways that we've grieved you, precious Holy Spirit. Come on, just tell him. Tell him, I'm sorry, Holy Spirit. Tell him that. Say this, say, help me to please you and not grieve you. Now, precious Holy Spirit, be their reminder and let them live in an awareness of the nearness of your presence. Thank you, Lord, that you abide. In the mighty name of Jesus, we pray, I want you to say it because you believe it, say amen. I know it's tempting to click on to something else. There's lots of content that we offer on various different topics, but just for a moment, hear me out. I wanna ask you, my brother, my sister, I need your help with something. Look, we in the body of Christ need each other. The Lord obviously is the one who's increasing his ministry. The Lord is the one who brings in the resources that we need to accomplish the work of the gospel. The gospel is free, but the means to deliver the gospel, that can cost, especially when you wanna deliver the gospel message on a mass scale like we're doing, that takes resources.  I'm asking you to not let the screen disconnect us. I'm asking you to not say, well, someone else will give or someone else would. I'm asking you to listen and ask the Holy Spirit what you should give.  You can give a single gift by going to davidhernanisministries.com slash donate. 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Hi, Professor Gerald Friedman, Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts. And we have to say to continue our discussion of the historiography of slavery, changing interpretations of American slavery by American historians. Last time we finished with Oryk Phillips, the most important historian of the first half of the 20th century, well into the later part of the 20th century. But as late as the mid-1970s, Phillips' classic, American Negro Slavery, the book where he argues that slavery was good, the best system yet devised to educate a primitive peoples in the way of civilization, that book was still being used in American history courses in the University of Texas, the University of Alabama, the University of Mississippi. If you wonder about some of the political leadership we have coming from the South, white Southerners, it may help a little bit if you understand that they were brought up on Phillips on the idea that blacks are innately inferior and born to be slaves. Indeed slavery was good because it protects them. Now this view, which justified slavery, justifies segregation, Jim Crow and white rule, justifies white racism, justifies the Ku Klux Klan. This view came up for challenge in the 1940s and 50s after World War II, where the United States fought against an openly racist political regime, Nazi Germany. War II, you could say, Nazi Germany and fascist Japan. After having defeated the Nazis and tried many of their leaders for crimes against humanity, including the slaughter of millions of Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, etc., the American soldiers who came back and the American ideologues and intellectuals who would criticize Germany came back to a country that was committed to segregation and racism. That didn't go very well. So soon after World War II, we began to roll back institutional racism in the United States. 1947, desegregation of baseball in America's national pastime, 1954, Brown versus Board of Education, capping a series of Supreme Court decisions undermining the judicial foundations of segregation and Jim Crow. At the same time, historians began to write, to reinterpret slavery and he is one of the trends that we want to talk about. In particular, Kenneth Stam's book, The Peculiar Institution, published in 1955 to a scathing critical review in the American Historical Review. Stam's book became the Bible of the civil rights generation, carried on those buses carrying freedom riders throughout the South. Stam's book argued that slavery was bad. Blacks are equal to whites. Slavery put them down unfairly. Slaves fought back by undermining the production process and being unproductive workers. Slave owners made a profit off the slaves. They were able to profit off the slaves labor despite the low productivity of Southern slave labor because they fed the slaves so poorly and treated them so badly. That's the book that became the Bible of the civil rights generation and was, Kenneth Stam himself was one of the intellectual godfathers of the civil rights movement. Widely revered and respected. The second trend in historiography in the 1950s and 60s was the rise of economic history or cleometrics. The application of new statistical techniques and economic theory to understanding history. Cleometricians were young, brash, arrogant, proud of themselves, proud of their tools, masters of computers, comfortable with statistical tests. We're talking about t-statistics, chi-squared distributions, etc. And they looked down on historians who didn't understand statistics, didn't understand economic history. You put these together, economics and statistics, you get cleometrics and you get Robert Fogel and Stanley Engelman's book, Time on the Cross. This was one of the most widely read and reviewed books in American history. Published in 1974, front page news in the New York Times. Fogel and Engelman went on the Today Show. They received, their book received not just one but two reviews in the New York Review of Books. The first favorable, the second critical. Their book was based on serious quantitative analysis of thousands of slave plantations, tens of thousands of slaves. And it is a bizarre book. Two books were written attacking it, Reckoning with Slavery by other cleometricians and Slavery in the Numbers Game by Herbert Gutman. The book sold very well. Time on the Cross sold over 250,000 copies within two years. It reports dramatic findings. Books written in this tone of excitement and drama. We found these things. We didn't want to find them but we did. We found that slave labor was productive. We found that slaves were, slave labor was profitable. We found the slave owners were making money off the slaves and there's no sign that slavery was going to die out on its own. I mean these are exciting dramatic findings and the ones I just gave you all have been pretty well supported. Slave labor was profitable. A very high rate of return. That I think is nowadays received wisdom. It's accepted. Everybody in the stands. Phillips was wrong. The slave owners were in it to make a profit and they made big profits. They got rich off the labor of the black slaves. Slave labor was productive. That is pretty well accepted nowadays. Slave labor was more productive than free labor. 35% or so more productive. The exact number doesn't even really matter. The slaves were productive. What does that mean? Fogel and Angamon get confused at that point. They go to great lengths to try to argue the bizarre claim contrary to Stamp who they criticize viciously. There's a hundred page essay in the second volume of Tom and the Cross critical of Stamp's methodology. Fogel and Angamon aren't criticizing Stamp because they are pro-slavery or pro-segregation. Now Fogel and Angamon were both lefty liberals. Fogel had been the head of the Youth Division of the Communist Party of the United States. Angamon is a good traditional Jewish liberal from Brooklyn. No. They were trying to advance that claim that Cleometrix is a better way of doing history. So they took on one of the most important historical works of the 1950s and 60s as an example of how traditional history is bad. That's not how people saw it. What they saw is Fogel and Angamon arguing slavery is productive contrary to Stamp. Slaves are fairly well treated contrary to Stamp. And Fogel and Angamon don't like Stamp. They conclude that Fogel and Angamon are on the side of the slave owners. Not an unreasonable conclusion if you're part of the double negative. And Fogel and Angamon walked right into that one because they themselves go on in the book. Any fair-minded reading of Tom and the Cross will conclude that Fogel and Angamon are arguing that slaves worked hard because they were given positive incentives to work hard. They were given rewards and they worked hard in response to those rewards. They de-emphasize whippings. They go to great lengths to argue that the slaves were well treated. The families are not separated by sales. They were fed well, housed better than urban workers in New York City. Kind of bad standard. My grandfather lived in a little hovel. It's like on the lower east side. So, yeah. But that's the point. Fogel and Angamon go to great lengths and kind of twist the data around. They argue slaves weren't whipped a lot by counting the number of whippings and dividing it by the number of slaves and saying, see, the average slave was only whipped 0.7 times per year. Well, you have a plantation of 150 slaves. You're getting one whipping every two or three days. Which number is more relevant? Actually, I think a Fair-Monded Observer would conclude the second. Worse, the Fair-Monded Observer would ask, why would you want to interpret every bit of evidence to show that the slaves were well treated? Unless your point is that the slaves worked hard because they were well treated. A point that Fogel and Angamon insist they weren't making, except that's why any Fair-Monded Observer will read the book. We'll conclude that. Fogel wrote another book after Time on the Cross without consent of contract where he comes right out and says slaves worked hard because they were whipped a lot. Fine. That book came out big thud. Nobody, you know, it was reviewed and hardly anybody ever mentions it. I don't require it for this course because it's a boring book. It says what we all know. Time on the Cross is more exciting because it's wrong. Thank you. Have a good day. Bye-bye.