Hi Marsha Joyner and we are navigating the journey. Navigating the journey is dedicated to exploring the options and choices for end-of-life care and to assist people talking about their wishes. It's time to transform our culture so we shift from not talking about dying to talking about it. It's time to share the way we want to live at the end of our lives. It's time to communicate about what kind of care we want and don't want for ourselves. We believe that the place for this to begin is not in the intensive care unit so together we explore the various paths to life's ending. Together we can make these difficult conversations easier. Together we can make sure that our own wishes and those of our loved ones are expressed and respected. If you're ready to join us we ask navigate the journey. As you know we cannot talk about the end of life without talking about the elephant in the room, health care. Today health care eats up a major portion of everyone's budget. This is a conversation that every one of us needs to have yet few are prepared for it. Most of us do not know how the health care system works. The daily news from Washington about cuts to Obamacare and the chaos that might ensue manages to frighten all of us. Navigating the journey is dedicated to exploring these choices and health care is one of them. Today's guest is Dr. Stephen Kimball. Dr. Kimball has had a long-standing interest in health care reform and he was appointed to the Hawaii Health Authority charged with the overall health planning for the state of Hawaii with designing the universal health care system covering everyone in the state. Welcome Dr. Kimball. Thank you. Thank you so much for coming. First tell us something about you.  I trained in internal medicine first and then psychiatry and I've always practiced on the interface between the two at least part of my time. So I work in Quenema Clinic and their general medical clinic as a psychiatrist in a general medical setting. I've been doing that since 1989 but I've always done something on the interface between general medicine and psychiatry. Well since the body is one aren't they kind of one? Of course. Okay. I guess you can't have one without the other right? Even though a lot of insurance companies like to carve out mental health as if we're separate it's not. Well because we are talking about the end of life and death and dying and the statistics say the majority of money spent on people is that last year of their lives and nationally the statistics say that one day in the hospital at the end is ten thousand dollars a day which eats up your entire state. So we asked you to come today because you're an expert at all of the minutiae of health care and all of the pieces that go into it to put it together and what it is and how it works or how it doesn't work and and your move to universal health care or single payer care. So that is I know that's a tall order but that's where we want to go. So first tell us what is the definition of single payer and universal health care? Are they one in the same? Are they different? A single payer means that all the funding goes through one source which would presumably be taxes because there is no single source of funding that can bring everybody in other than government. So all the money is collected through taxes and it's paid out from a single payer but the delivery of care is left private and independent. So doctors could be in independent practice hospitals could be privately owned all of them would be participating in the same universal system and the other thing about single payer is it's designed to be administratively efficient and to minimize bureaucracy. People often worry that single payer means you have a huge government bureaucracy dictating how doctors should practice medicine. It's the opposite of that. Single payer saves money by not having that bureaucracy by making it unnecessary by having a simple streamlined administrative structure that gets out of the way of what happens between a doctor and a patient. So right now I saw your PowerPoint and I'm sorry we can't show it because it's much very involved but much too long for the time we have on the air. So tell us about all these little caveats these little pieces that now exist that drive up the cost of care. And for the doctor for his office or all of those kinds of things. We have had a sort of a movement in this country since the 90s to try to control health care costs by restricting utilization of care and it started with managed care in the 90s and the problem of that is if you restrict care or benefits or you know those kind of things you're not restricting people's diseases you're not just restricting the burden of illness in the community you're just crippling the ability of the delivery system to deal with it effectively. And the managed care air result in a lot of infusions into doctor-patient decision-making prior authorizations attempts to push insurance risk on the doctors in hospitals so they get paid more if they deliver less care things like that and it ended up backfiring. Deliver less care? Yes. How is that possible? If you pay a doctor a fixed amount of money to cover a panel of patients and that doctor delivers less care they get to keep the difference. If they deliver more care they have to eat the cost that goes above and beyond what they were paid. Right now your insurance company gets a fixed amount of money and they have the risk and the doctor just takes care of patients and the insurance company has to pay them. If the insurance company puts a risk on the doctor then the doctor gets punished if they deliver too much care so it creates an incentive to restrict care that's put on the doctor instead of the insurance company. Oh my. Now that's that's scary. It is scary. There was a backlash against managed care you know in the late 90s early 2000s and then with the with the affordable care we have a new effort that's based on the same rationale there's too much care being delivered by because of fee for service under fee for service if you're paid per thing that you do you have incentive to do more. If there's a shortage of doctors which there is that's not necessarily a bad thing unless the things the doctor is doing are unnecessary and there are probably pockets in the country where that happens but Hawaii has not been one of them we have no track record of a lot of inappropriate unnecessary care we have had the lowest per capita Medicare spending in the country prior to the affordable care act we've had among the lowest health insurance premiums in the country because of our prepaid health care act which assures that there's broad participation from almost everyone in the community in our health care system. So now we have a new thing called accountable care organizations which is the same idea you pay groups of doctors in hospital to fix them out front and they carry the risk and they have an incentive to deliver less care. The people that designed this knew that there was a perverse incentive in there so they inserted counter incentives which is pay for performance and risk adjustment pay for performance means we're going to ask you to measure the details of what you're doing we want detailed documentation and data reporting to either Medicare or your health insurance plan and they're going to analyze that data and decide whether you're delivering the right care the most cost-effective care even though managers with metrics have no idea what's happening at the individual patient level. Well that was my next question are these people that are reading the data are they medical people? No they're managers. Between 1970 and the present the number of doctors in this country has doubled roughly doubled in the same period of time the number of managers and administrators has gone up 30 fold. Oh my. So we're being inundated with micromanagement of the details of health care. So is that why it costs so much? Yes. There's by far the biggest driver excess cost is the administrative bloat in our complex system in the attempts to micromanage care. How do we get how do we how do we get out of that or can we? Well I know I think I think there definitely are ways to get out of that what what I would do if I were designing a system and I got appointed to the Hawaii Health Authority which is supposed to do that but we've never been allowed to. What do you mean you've never been allowed to? The Hawaii Health Authority by Hawaii allow this is passed in 2008 over Governor Lingell's veto it says we're supposed to design a universal health care system covering all residents of Hawaii and determine what benefits whose participating provider all the details of the plan set policies for health care for the state. We worked on developing plans for three years after Abercrombie appointed us in 2011 but at the same time the Affordable Care Act passed and he pivoted to trying to implement that and threw us under the bus. The legislator gave us a hundred thousand dollars he took it away gave it to his other health transformation initiative and we were never allowed to have any influence on policy. But you did do the work. We did we did create a game plan for how to get there it's not down to the level of detail that would be necessary for implementation but it's a guideline of what direction to go to get there. Go ahead that includes yeah what's in the right now we have a rats nest of perverse incentives and counter incentives in health care. Our fee for service system is skewed toward procedures so there's an incentive to do unnecessary procedures. To counteract that they're pushing insurance risk on the doctor so they have an incentive not to do unnecessary procedures. To counteract that they have pay for performance which creates huge administrative burden so this rats nest of things instead of all that let's go back to making physician pay and hospital pay as incentive neutral as possible so that the doctor's only incentive is to follow their professional ethics and do what's right for the patient using their knowledge and experience and expertise do what's right for the patient and get money off the table as a way to try to manipulate the situation then all the micro management becomes unnecessary. If we really implemented this we could say 20 to 30 percent of what we're now spending on health care. So with this health health care authority yeah is that what it's called Hawaii health care authority. Hawaii health authority. What do we have to do to ensure that the Hawaii health authority is in business to plan implement a single payer is that correct or universal health care which is your original question was universal health care versus single payer and you don't necessarily have to have single payer for universal health care. And I meant to get you back on but we would want at least a unified delivery system where all doctors in all hospitals are participating they're all paid the same regardless of the source of funding for a given patient and they all have the same benefits same prior authorization policies same formulary the delivery system is unified you can have one funding stream or multiple funding streams with the delivery system has to be unified to get those administrative savings. So so we could get that bloat out right right. So I'm I'm stunned by all of this I'm trying to filter that I'll tell you what we're going to break and then I will think about this and see if I can't make sense of it. Well we do have the law already in books it just needs to be implemented. Okay thank you. You're watching Think Tech Hawaii meeting people we may not have otherwise met learning things we may not have otherwise learned helping us understand and appreciate the important things about Hawaii great content for Hawaii from Think Tech. Hi I'm Marianne Sasaki and I'm here today to tell you about the Women's March on Washington on January 21st. It's an incredibly significant march in which all both men and women are gonna stand up for women's rights women's reproductive rights and all the rights we've accrued over the past 40 or 50 years. There's also gonna be marches in each city on each island is one in Oahu I urge you to join a march and stand up for women's rights. Aloha my name is Josh Green I serve a senator from the Big Island on the Kona side and I'm also an emergency room physician. My program here on Think Tech is called health care in Hawaii I'll have guests that should be interesting to you twice a month we'll talk about issues that range from mental health care to drug addiction to our health care system and any challenges that we face here in Hawaii we hope you'll join us again thanks for supporting Think Tech. Hi we're back and we are talking about my new best friend with Dr. Steve Kimmel and he is guiding us through the maze of health care and how we can get it on track to something we can understand with the chaos in DC about the Republicans doing away with Obamacare with nothing to replace it and we in Hawaii have approximately or at the minimum 300,000 people on Medicaid that just scares the big Jesus out of all of us as to what's gonna happen with the cuts so Dr. Kimmel was beginning to tell me about the Hawaii health authority and how we can get back on track to protect our people in Hawaii. Dr. Kimmel. Okay the Hawaii health authority is in Hawaii law it's HRS 322H all we need to do is have it implemented so that it can do what the statute says it's supposed to do which is design the universal health care system covering everyone we would need the the government needs to appoint the members the current group of nine members their terms have expired last year before last and so a new authority needs to be appointed and three are appointed directly by the governor three from the list supplied by the Senate president and three from a list supplied by the Speaker of the House but the governor appoints them all so you need the legislature and the governor on board say we need to do this appropriate some funding for administrative support but the Hawaii health authority would not actually run the health care system they would be setting the policies that guide the health care system that would guide you know the Medicaid program it would it would guide how the funding goes for state and county employees commercial insurance all of those would come under the policies set by the Hawaii health authority. Now just a little deviation here I mentioned the 300,000 people on Medicaid would you explain to the audience the difference in Medicaid and Medicare I mean you know so many of us use it interchangeably. Well both were passed during the Johnson administration Medicare is for the elderly and disabled and Medicaid is for those below a certain income level for the poor and there are some people to qualify for both. Medicare is basically a federal program although it's been partially privatized into Medicare Advantage plans and Medicaid is a federal state matching program administered by the states and each state does it differently but it's made about 85 percent federal funding and 15 percent state funding right now in Hawaii. So now but those are will those be affected by this change in Obamacare? If we were to be able to have a unified delivery system with with a unified funding stream you would need to capture all those different funding streams so we would need waivers from Medicaid and Medicare to say instead of those funds going the way they go now through various routes we would have them go through this one mechanism that paid doctors and hospitals the same regardless of where the money came from for a given patient and we would need federal waivers to implement that. One thing that Trump has said that's a ray of hope in all this is he said he wants the states to be free to do their own thing maybe he would actually let us do something sensible unlike what many of the other states would want to do with that. That's scary for some of those states but we can't deal with that. So I see here that you are a board member of physicians for a national health program so does that mean that physicians across the country are working like you are for this universal health care? Yes physicians for national health program is the physician advocacy group for single-payer health care universal health care for the whole country and I join them soon after they were founded in the late 80s and I've been a member ever since and I'm now on their advisory board and I've been active with them. So as so I would assume that they are before the Congress right now as the director of health department is being vetted. Well they they tried to influence the discussions that led to Obamacare and were thrown out by Senator Max Baca. Some of the PNHP members who were asking to be participate in the discussion actually got arrested for trying to say include single-payer in the discussion.  So what happens here today is the opening of the legislature. What happens here when you go back to the legislature and say reinstate the Hawaii health authority? Yes. So if I go back today and say with my picket sign we're gonna reinstate health would the insurance people be out to kill it? Probably. The the original eight members that were appointed by Abercrombie and we never got the ninth but the original eight members represented a range of disciplines. They were community advocates, physicians, nurses, social workers, various people representing different interests but they were not representing the insurance industry and we worked very well together. We everything we did was approved unanimously by that group. It was a remarkably effective organization because it didn't include anyone who was determined to sabotage the whole process. So but right now given this climate that we're in if if this and I hope it will come before the legislature in this session. In fact this morning a Senator Takuta, Jill Takuta who is ways and means she said that she expected healthcare to be one of the top issues. So if it does come before her and I would hope that whatever you want it to be will be there. Can we do we think that insurance people will lobby against it? The insurance business model profits from denying care if profits from micromanaging doctors so they have a vested interest in keeping things complex. Every time some new thing like Medicaid managed care comes in the insurance companies promise they're going to make health care more cost effective they're going to reduce waste they're going to make sure people get the care that they need and the outcome and save money and the outcome is always the opposite of what they said it would be. Our cost since Medicaid managed care was implemented in the 90s our costs accelerated faster than the national average. Physician participation declined access to care got worse ER and hospital usage got worse even though the opposite of what they said the program was supposed to accomplish happened the legislature won't go back they won't say we made a mistake we better stop doing this they double down on it and we all know what if you do something it doesn't work and you keep doing it what do you call that? He's sad. The insurance lobby will push to do even more of what they're doing now add more administrative burdens more micromanagement more costs and it will continue to drive our costs through the ceiling. Well we are here to talk about the end of life and as I said this is the elephant in the room is healthcare and at $10,000 a day that's that's incredible that just blows you my up so those of us that are looking because I'm 78 so the end is in sight so those of us that are looking at this what can we do how can we support this reinstatement is that is that what you're asking for yes reinstatement so that we can get a handle on this because we can't budget for the end of life with all of the craziness the chaos that is going on in the healthcare system what can we as ordinary citizens how can we help what what how do you see our role in this because I can't talk about end of life without looking at the cost that's just very real we can't look at $10,000 a day and see grandma's estate gone. Well the the way pricing is done in healthcare is extremely complex and opaque nobody understands it I as a doctor have no idea what it's going to cost when I prescribe a medication or or anything else and neither does anybody else and it keeps changing all the time so even if you figured out at one point in time you'd be out of date a week later I would pay like said I would pay doctors in an incentive neutral way just pay them for their time and get rid of all the micro management right now what part of that $10,000 about a third of it is the administrative bloat in the system if you had an administratively simple streamlined way of paying doctors in hospitals you could take 20 to 30% of that out of your healthcare cost and you would also unshackle the doctors so that they would be able to negotiate with a patient what was in their best interest without having to constantly report data to an insurance company and justify what they're doing and jump through hoops in order to get paid this is all too much this is all too much so yes and then they get to deny they say well you can't stay in the hospital but two days or or the insurance company says to the doctor we pay you X amount of dollars your incentive now is to deny care so you're the one that has to tell granny that oh we're gonna cut off life-saving equipment because the doctor will make more money by doing so nobody wants that if they are seriously thoughtful about what it means to be in that position near the end of life so yeah and they say oh you can't do this so you're we can't keep you in the hospital but but you're obviously at the end but we can't keep you because the insurance company says we can't so again I'm back to my question is how can we assist what do we have to do like I said this is the opening of the legislature and for anybody that doesn't know in Hawaii this is a big deal the opening day of the legislature is really a big deal and all the lobbyists will be there right now both Medicare and hmsa are pushing a capitation model for primary a capitation that's paying the doctor a fixed amount upfront for care and then the doctor takes the risk that's what capitation is I think the public should oppose that it puts the doctor in an unethical petition I think the public should oppose that and they should oppose the insurance companies being the driving force in health care and let the hawaii health authority design a system that's designed from the ground up to be cost effective and to be responsive to patient needs first this is all too much this is all too much this capitation we have to talk about that again I this weekend or last weekend was the commemoration of the Dr. Martin Luther King it was the Martin Luther King holiday and Dr. King said America's forgotten civil right with health care and I quote I'm gonna read this because I won't get it right of all the forms of inequity injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhuman Dr. Martin Luther King said that at a national convention of medical committee for human rights in March 25th 1966 and here we are 52 years later still talking about the inequities in health care so my audience you know I'm a a political junkie I have been a part of this whole movement for years and years and years we need you to be out there we need you to support this issue after legislature thank you so much for being with me thank you for being here today I have enjoyed so much I've learned so much capitation a little catapulted out yes thank you again I love you


ముథులేముర్పతు పిన్బ్ Learn క్టెబెఈర్జ� కెఱత్తు clarify వెనే యాల్చ్పినీంపెర్చ౭ంставasha. ఖ్తె...rasia కర్మెకూ europ�విలీటకూ dışగరచే  perpetual  ah  filmmaker ァーフリカ  episodes  f                                                   umin so we are on our way to Darankha Darankha Darankha What is the meaning of Darankha? A village called Darankha Wow In that area, you can have palm They have palm what? Palm wine So I can drink palm wine there That's the natural African beer Yeah, palm wine I love this place man It took us like 30 minutes to get here, it's 6 o'clock and I just can't wait to see the mysterious Elephantry and I'm going to share this mysterious Elephantry with you guys. I am we finally here at what the Duranka. Oh, I hope I'm mentioning the right man. We finally here at the Duranka. We have, oh okay, we have monitor lizards. What is this? What is this? This like a bear or something? Oh wow. It's a sweet potato because I've seen the bats, they've made the best to grow. Oh, that's the potato over there, they've even grown potatoes. Wow, this is beautiful man, like real money, amazing. Oh my God, oh the guy left me, this is cassava man. Can you guys see it? I can't pound fufu in this country because they have cassava. Look at the palm tree and it's the palm tree too. Wow, it's beautiful man. So what's the Elephantry? This one. It looks like an elephant. How long has it been existence? For many years. Wow. So how many years? Some say 800 years, some say 900 years. 900 years. Very, very old. Very, very old man. And they say we can enter right? Yeah, yeah, yeah. You have to go, you can go in there. What goes on in here? This place, it was a circumcision place where they take the children for circumcision. Circumcision, but they still do circumcision over here? They still do it. They still do it. Wow, so the village people, the elders, they bring the children here to circumcise. Yeah, to teach them respect and discipline.  Okay, but I've seen like seats over there. Yeah, yeah, yeah. What do they use that for? They come here for meetings or that? Yeah, no, this place in the high season, the sorry season is very busy. Oh. Okay, so right now it came off season. So nobody is here? Even to here, somebody have to be here, but I think it was raining because of the rain. Yeah, it was raining today. Okay, but how can we enter? Oh my goodness. Wow, this is beautiful man. Why is it that the inside is dark? He's like what happened? It was born by lightning, thunder. Thunder? In the rainy season, yeah. Like real thunder? Yeah, yeah, the flashing. It just strike? Yeah, on it, yeah. And get born, you know. But still it's growing, you know, natural. You can see the black. Yeah. But now the new fibers are coming out. Wow, when was this? This was long years ago. Long years ago? Long time, long time. They have seats in here, people come and sit down. Relax and enjoy, man. Meditation. What? Meditation. Meditation. Yeah, you know, Africa is a place, man. Like you have a peace of mind, come and sit here, do your own thing, you know. If you even want to write your book, I think this is the best place for you to come and sit because no one is going to disturb you. This is beautiful, man. You see, how beautiful that is there. We are inside a tree. And they call this tree the elephant tree because it has an elephant shape. Like, wow. Amazing. Inside we have the fruit bats, you know the bats. The fruit bats? Yeah, yeah. Bats? Yeah, yeah. In the night they come out, you know. Wow. They go and search for the mangoes. Wow, they go and search for mangoes and come back and bring it here. Yeah. It's beautiful, man. Wow. So many mysterious things happening in Africa, man. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Amazing. That's the place over there, the house. Uh-huh. Can we go to the village? Yeah, you know the house. For the palm wine. Beautiful mysterious elephant tree. You can also call it a silicone tree. We want to go to the village to see how people live their lives over there. It's really late, but hey. I'm a village boy so I want to see how my people live their life, man. This is beautiful. Please, my cameraman is falling down. It's okay. It's okay. This is potato, man. This is potato, right? You see, this is how they grow potato. It's unfortunate that I couldn't meet them doing it over here but you can see the potatoes on the bed. Wow, this is beautiful, man. This is the kind of life that I want to live, man. I feel some kind of joy in my heart when I come to places like this. Oh my God, man. This is beautiful. We are in the village, man. I feel like these people are so blessed, man because they eat everything fresh. See, we got fresh mangoes. We have orange. They got everything here. Hi. Let me shake your hand, man. The grand papa, my name is Maya. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, nice to meet you. Yes. Do you have some palm wine? Yes, yes. Palm wine? Yeah. I taste palm wine. Yeah. I need some palm wine. Yeah. I like it. I like it a bit. I'm glad that I can eat it. You go with me. Yeah, but… Okay. I feel like this. This is beautiful. This is beautiful. It is beautiful.


We will specifically focus on counter and DQ container types in Python collections. So let us see what outcome has been planned for this video. The outcome associated with this video is to enable the students after watching this video that they'll be able to use counter and DQ container types in Python. So let us move to hands on and what we'll be using hands on. In the hands on, we'll try to use counter and DQ container types in Python.  So let us move to Google Collab Workspace. So this is a Google Collab Workspace I have here and let us see one by one what how to use counter and how to use DQ here. We'll see a demonstration of counter and then we'll also see a demonstration of a DQ object. So if you want to use any of these two classes here counter and DQ make sure you import collections. So I'm going to use from collections I'll import counter. So this counter is the one which we'll be using to maintain. So let's call it as Cv as a Cvarr as a counter variable and I'm just initializing a new counter container type. Now if I print what is a Cvarr so that's let us see what exactly it prints. So when I execute it it will just print counter. Now what I'll do is I'll add few variables to it for example it's a let us call it as Cvarr1 and now if I print Cvarr1 I'm trying to just show you the different ways of initializing counter. So Cvarr1 is an counter instance with an empty status. So I'll have one more counter status counter variable I'll call it as Cvarr2 but this time I will initialize with a string ABC and I'll print the Cvarr2 and at the same time I'll take one more counter variable and I'll call it as counter and here I'll provide a list of characters and let me say it's D it's E and it's F and then we'll also print Cvarr3 and okay this was the empty counter and this is empty with a sequence and it almost both are same it's a list specifically defined in form of list syntactic structure. So we'll also have Cvarr4 wherein you can provide direct values so let's say I have A is equal to 2, B is equal to 3 and G is equal to 9 and I'll print the Cvarr4. So now when I execute this you can see the output. So the output of Cvarr1, Cvarr2, 3 and 4 this is blank the output of this line Cvarr1 is blank, Cvarr2 what counter is showing us so it's actually a sequence so what it is telling you that it has tried to maintain a count of IEEE and elements of that IEEE are hashable so it is able to maintain that A occurred once, B occurred once and C occurred once at the same time when you take the output of Cvarr3 so you can see based on same explanation D occurs 1, E occurs once and F occurs 1 and for counter 4 we have specifically defined that A occurs twice and B occurs twice and G occurs 9. So this how we are able to initialize a counter object. Now once we initialize the counter we can even update the counter as well for example here I have A1, B2 and C1 what if I add a one more string called as AABB and CC so I want to add that string and I want to update the count of that. So what we will do is let us move to another segment here so we already have this in Cvarr2 now what I am calling I am calling Cvarr2 dot we are updating that earlier it has a few count now I can directly provide some iterable and here what I am saying AABB, CC. So now if I print the output of this Cvarr2 you should able to see that the count should get updated because earlier it is only once BC all occur once but now I am updating that so now if I enter this you can see that the count has been actually updated here. So update is a method in a counter where it lets me update the count of the what are the sequences at the counter instances maintaining. So these are the various installation of a counter and this is one of the most efficient way to keep track of count of elements. I wanted to show you some functions of collections you can see that this is standard python docs so if you look here you will find that these are the some of the other methods which we have seen a demonstration of the most common other I leave it to you to practice on your own so this is very easily accessible. So this is the counter now what we are looking into this we are looking at the DQ and what you can see that it is a very fast operation and most important thing is this is what the DQ structure is more famous for a memory efficient appends and pops for either side of DQ the approximately almost of one level of performance this is what is very much enticing to the developers to use all this. So generally it has the methods append adds it append left adds to the left and the normal append adds to the right side of the DQ so we had it and one of the very important and little bit tricky one is rotate DQ comes with the built in method to shift elements of DQ either left or right so we will see a demonstration of this so let us take a small example of a DQ so you will be able to understand that so going back so from we will have import it so from collections import deck and then let us say sample deck is equal to DQ and I will provide a list so you have to provide one DQ you have to be constructed from a blank list so even that is also fine it just creates a sample deck element here. So if you print sample element sample deck you should see that it should be just a sample one and if you print length of this it will print the current length of the deck structure okay I think we missed it back here it is zero so now I can add some elements to this for that the call is append so let us first stick to simple integers so I will add element two and then I will print it so you should be able to check the output what happens if I do this okay sorry I misspelled it it is append what is wrong append requires correction okay sorry sorry it has to be this the element of this so you can see that it is now containing two so now if I do this let us say I am adding four and if I print it again what would be the output what would be the output would it be four two or two four four let us take it two four because by default it keeps on adding it to this right if you want to specifically add an element to the left of that you have to call append left you can see that it's four two okay that's what we were talking about append and append so we let's add a few elements to this four and now given the DQ which has six five four let us see a demonstration of rotate so based on the definition with python doc tells if I provide n steps it moves the element to the right and if I n is negative it moves elements to the left so let us call that we call sample deck dot rotate and if I say one can you guess the output so I asked you to shift it to the right default this is right so two goes here so if it's rotate with shift so the element moves it it's not like that it moves goes away and some random element is it it rotates so you can see that DQ being which gives me o of one to pop and left so if you clearly look into this example you should get like whenever you want to implement a specific rotate operations especially if you want to rotate a entire list it would be a very wise decision for a developer to choose DQ because rotate of a elements if it is a DQ structure is a little bit more faster than the standard list implementations why it is because of the o of one push and pop operations so you can think of rotate as one pop from left and push to the right so what do you think is DQ dot rotate faster than a list implementation you can pause the video or you can just watch the video back and try to find out answer for this so the answer for this question that is yes DQ dot rotate is a faster implementation than the list implementation of rotation operations so this is a bibliography your curious reader can always explore these links to find more about the collections the time complexity and what are the arguments which were made in this video so that's it for this video thank you


Well, it's time for us to talk sports this morning on the breakfast and we have a sports journalist who joins the conversation Monday Thomas Thank you so much for being part of the breakfast It's alright then but let's get it started, you know, we set up with these falconnates It's been quite impressive as it yesterday. You had, you know the falconnates, you know kicking the Canadians to that win What are your thoughts really? It's been quite impressive on this other side and and that's what a lot of people are saying We're all very excited as an endurance at that Christopher Danjuma Who was the former super falcon's coach has been able to do greatly with the falconnates at the currently ongoing 10th FIFA under 20 women's World Cup currently ongoing in Costa Rica. I mean out of three games three wins top of the group five goals scored and of course that goes to show that Christopher Danjuma is doing a great job with the ladies and I'm also going to give credits to the ladies who have Taken instructions that ladies who have been able to execute the plans of Christopher Danjuma Well, it's the name of my lips this morning because I think he's a prolific manager And I'm looking at him taking over the job of the super falcons in years time I know that the super falcons are preparing for the upcoming FIFA on the FIFA women's World Cup They'll be played in Australia and New Zealand But all we have now is the on the 20 who are certainly flying flying the flag of the Nigeria and of course you're doing it in the best possible way and they take on Netherlands as Should be a very dicey fixture for me in the quarterfinals Which is going to be played on the 21st of this month And I think if they can get past the Netherlands then The Falcons it can win the trophy because if we beat the Netherlands we get to play Mexico or Spain in the semi-finals in my opinion if we can get past France in the first game You know what we did to the Canadian ladies beating them three goals to one and of course win against the South Korean in the second game We've been fantastic and I think for me We just need one win with a win against the Netherlands who are also a high scoring side By the way in case you don't know the Netherlands scored four goals past Ghana in their last group games So clean the Netherlands will score seven goals in As we compare them to the falcons will score five goals So I think it's gonna be a top game in the quarterfinals for us But looking at the semi-finals picture, which is going to be either Spain or Mexico. I think it It's gonna be easy one if we can get past the Netherlands for me The Netherlands are a very tough tax for us It's gonna be an obvious one and we need to get past them if we are in need of the trophy It's gonna be the first time Joe win the trophy if they do so But it's not gonna be the first time for us making it into the finals We've done that in the 2010 and also in the 2014 where we lost to Germany So we've been finalists before and I see us becoming finalists again, and hopefully we get to clinch it this time So ahead of the games that we have I mean, what would you say? Should be corrected. What what are the areas? I'm sure that you have followed the game all through We have recorded great victory against every other side that we have played and moving forward to the next level What do you think that we need to walk on properly sit up and improve? All right, first of all, we know sports football in general is the game of uncertainties the third game that we played we didn't get to have our Heat woman I tend to call a hit woman because she was the one getting the goals for us in the Quantifiers I'm talking about Sebastian flourish who lifted up this competition for us going the first goal against With game doing play in the first game against France. Yes going the first goal against France And then that's how the goals that are coming in she did not feature in the last game And that's why Esther or yesterday of course scored two penalties in that 31 victory against Canada. We just need our team to defeat We just need to pray to God that everyone is fit at all departments. We need Fitness first off before we talk of executing the plans because so far the the ladies have been good at Making sure whatever the coaches tell them on paper. They are ready to put them to work So the ladies I mean in that game against Canada where they were going down by gold They went down by gold and come back to of course win that goes to show that they've got some champions abilities I mean, it's up. It doesn't really matter how you go down But how you come back is what really matters and the ladies all round have been superb But we talk about what they need to do. They just need to be more clinical Yes, they should be more compact in the midfield because you know football a game anytime Many days one in the midfield and we've got mercy you could do with God Sebastian Flores and I've got we've got the highest gold star for Nigeria in this tournament so far Esther oh, yes today with three goals so far. So we just need to be fit We just need to be compact in the midfield and of course very clinical when we have chances Okay away from the file connects. Let's also look at the English Premier League Coming to it before we talk about match day three quickly. Let's look at what's been going on I mean for the likes of my United it seemed like and Liverpool Struggling for the position of relegation What do you make of this? This is compared to every other season. It feels quite different, you know for some of this Clubs that have been described as one of the best I mean football can be very very different and shocking and surprising No one would ever think that my United would be on 20 And do you also have leave or poor as struggling to get back there to relegation, but your thoughts Monday? I mean the season is just starting I mean also started a season as a very poor last season, but they were able to make it to the top six I mean also lost three games last season and are losing to the likes of Brentford Manchester City and Chelsea So we've seen this happen before For Manchester United, this is not the first time they've lost two games in a row at the start of a Premier League season You know, I love numbers. I love stats. Remember last week. I told you most of us never scored in match day two It did not score. I told you Gabriel Jesus love playing against Leicester City and he scored twice So numbers gave me the football where history repeats itself way back in 1992 When the Premier League got started Manchester United lost two games the start of that season and guess what mercy They went ahead to win the title So for Manchester United fans, I'm not coming to massage your shoulders. I'm not coming to tell you things You'll be fine. What things will be fine if you do the right things if you get the right signings But we've seen for the past five years Manchester United have spent over billions to get the right players since Alex Ferguson retired. They've been struggling to get the right kind of players. They'll go for commercial buying They'll go for pop-up ball for me. I think it was a commercial player likes of Christian Ronaldo Fantastic score goes to Manchester United in his second stings, but I think it was a commercial buying Manchester United keeps getting richer and richer But the results on pitch of play, which is what will make the fans happy or we are not seeing it So Manchester United maybe are becoming a commercial club Well, I'm adding maybe because I have my own opinions to that I can of course about back that particular opinion. They're becoming a commercial club Unlike the results of re-entered club, we knew them for when it comes to football for you to get the results It's about winning games. It's about winning trophies But in the past five years, Manchester United taken only both of the Europa cup that they won with Joseph Mourinho But but for Liverpool, it's too early. Liverpool world-class team still on beaten. They're still on beaten Although they're in a relegation battle right now They're still on beaten in the season But it's too early to talk relegation right now, but I know for a truth for the ballons No, I totally understand that you're trying to be very you're trying to sound like a gentleman this morning on air Well, I mean, this is the real stuff we're looking at. It's the stats that we're looking at here If you look at the table now man United is 20 on the table and that's relegation already I mean, I really don't know how these things can be You tell me Liverpool is 12. I love Liverpool so much and you know already, but it's really starting 12 This is the reality man. And so I think that we have to call it We have to look at what it is now But what do you think might just be wrong with some of these top clubs that've been performing over the years? Could it be that, you know, the transfer window has affected them negatively? I mean, for instance, the likes of you know, Liverpool, you know, that there's a money Over the last match that was played a lot of people talked about the fact that oh, you know There's no money there's no money to perform the magic and really could it be that the transfer window has affected Now that's for the leave of poor but on the other side on Manchester United or Matt United Could he also be that the fact that they've not been able to get, you know You probably just buy over a player a certain player that would solve the problem It's really why they are where they are today Well for Manchester United, I told you they're going to go for commercial buy and right now If they are trying to get players, I mean the transfer market is just days away That's 1st of September to be the end of the transfer or the summer transfer we learned in European football And it's quite a shame that Now Manchester United are not going to get the right signings for me because it is just days away What they are doing right now. They're just getting desperate signings.  They try getting Anthony from Ajax He said I'm not going to join Manchester United. Imagine a player for Ajax Amsterdam Who before now will think Manchester United is a club that will put him on the limelight But for Manchester United for my ex-amsterdam to Manchester He's saying that this is not a good deal for me Anthony has rejected Manchester according to reports this morning Manchester United are close to getting the signing of Casimiro Casimiro is 30 years of age. He's won Profes he's won everything there is in in what in European football No, he's just coming to Manchester United probably to just cash out He's just coming to Manchester to Manchester United for maybe the pension for the end of the year because according to reports He's going to sign a four-year deal So Manchester United for the past three seasons now They've not been getting their transfer right I think the chief scouts should be in that take with this. Their transfer decisions Has been appalling and for Liverpool At the start of the season, Sadio Mane is gone. They they should let bygones be bygones The young man is doing pretty well with Bayern Munich and so is Lewis Diaz Did he see the goal? It's gone against Crystal Palace A world here and a half So Lewis Diaz is going to certainly replace Sadio Mane in no time Liverpool for me are still at top side It's just match day two. We've got 36 more games to go and better watch out on Monday Monday, which is next week where Liverpool will take on Manchester United at the Old Trafford I know I know you're smiling already, but I'm not I'm going to tell you what you wouldn't like I think that game is going to end in draw Mama, let's talk about match day three proper now You have talked about one of the games that will be anticipated man United and Liverpool right there But apart from that game there are all the games. What should we look at Tottenham is not doing badly this season I mean, you can also look at the table Uh, they are very very close, you know to the top. What are your thoughts really? Yeah People are not really highlighting them to be uh, they're top guns for this season The likes of Torna Motsport who are who are beaten so far a draw at the Stamford Bridge And that very feisty London Derby a four-year win against Southampton at the Tottenham stadium in that first game So Torna Motsport for me, they've been brilliant Apart from what they did in the transfer market this summer They've also they also have a fantastic manager Antenna content is a serial winner. If you saw that battle at the Stamford Bridge It was not just a battle on the pitch of play. It was a battle on the dog out It was a battle of the fans I mean Torna Motsport know that they've stunned in so much in this team And of course they expect a lot from them and Antenna content is certainly their man So for this season, it could be surprising that the most improbable thing will be Torna Motsport winning the title And I'm also going for them for Manchester City. They're trying to make uh, Erlenburg Holland jail to the team and a paper Yola came out to say after that, uh, after the Second game where Manchester City with 40 winners against, uh, Beaumont surprisingly, Erlenburg Holland was not on the score sheet And Pep Guardiola is coming out to defend a young man and saying hey, he needs time He needs time. He's going to jail. He just needs to understand the uh, the the the gameplay of Ikai Wundewan And Kevin De Bruyne who are the most crazy players in Manchester City He being just understands the the style of these two players that Erlenburg Holland will be magical So the talks of people saying that Erlenburg Holland will flop I'm not going to go with that opinion. The talks of people saying Liverpool who are still missing my name I'm not going to go with that opinion because Lewis Diaz is a world-class player Darwin Nunes did not have the the finest of uh, Home Davey, but he's going to grow into the Premier League. We just need to call them some slack Lewis Diaz for me, I'll go back to Lewis Diaz. He's a player who will certainly leap up to the feeling And now let's come to Arsenal as we're heading to match The three they'll be playing uh, Burnley, uh, not Burnley, uh, FC Bournemouth right there at the fight Vitality stadium and it's the man on fire Gabriel Degeneres who has been banging in Gold's Death Rock Center for uh, Arsenal two goals in two and of course has provided to assist The young man is prolific and also also like it would be a team that would go for the title But when it comes to the title, I don't think they can win it this season Maybe next season or for this season I think top four is sure for the Gunners So what happens with Man City and Newcastle right there because Man City is again I mean, you probably might say it's too early to begin to look at the tables, but of course Man City But let's talk about them. I mean Man City has been fantastic in the previous season And they're not even taking the back seat even in the season And so what do you make of match day three for them with Newcastle not also Match day three they travel to Okay, match day three to travel to the St. James's Dingham and it's quite surprising that Newcastle were expecting them to break the bank We're expecting them to do some ridiculous signing to mean some great money moves But they just lay low because they have one of the finest managers in English football Anyhow, I mean this man was able to revamp the squad when They the billionaires came in in case you don't know Newcastle are the priciest team in the world. They've got a lot of money. They have more money than Manchester City So but they've not really spent it because they want to be all which is brilliant Or like Manchester United who have this money and they are ready to splash it anytime But Newcastle they've got this cash and they want to be all so that game Would be very dicey. I think I think it will be could be a possible banana slip We could see Manchester City dropping points at the St. James's Dingham because this side they've got the motivation needed They've got a world-class manager and they are playing pretty well Their first game was a win against Nottingham Forest. The second game A draw against Brighton and they're still unbeaten as Liverpool as Manchester City So it's going to be a very good game to watch so match day three also holds a cracking picture for Primarily lovers but for me my highlight is going to be a Monday where Liverpool travel to the Old Trafford remember for mercy last fixture Liverpool scored nine goals I'm not trying to make you happy for Liverpool Maybe you're trying to make me happy. I don't know how many they will score I don't know. I don't know how many goals they will score but take my predictions Take my predictions. It's going to be a win or draw for Manchester United But it doesn't either. I mean it doesn't add up, you know, it doesn't really push them up the table. That's that's the point So it's a struggle going back relegation. You're just us going back, you know To join the likes of man Man United, but that's it. Thank you so much Monday Thomas for being part of the show I mean, it's always very fun to Talk spots with you All right, so you need some numbers some numbers a light note the last time Do you need some stats as well? Go ahead I'm just going to stick with prediction. I think also I would beat AC Bournemouth by three goals plus Manchester City are going to struggle against Newcastle Maybe in two on draw or Manchester United win my 2-1 and then the big one for me as Manchester And Liverpool to draw Yeah, it was alright then. Well, thank you so much for being part of the show Monday We appreciate you as a sports journalist and we've been talking about matched it three years But as well as either the performance of the Falcon it's so far in the under 20 welcome. We appreciate you Monday, thank you so much. And we look forward to sharing your thought next week Friday All right, it's always great to be here to see my aggressive battles And that's the size of the breakfast if you miss that on any part of the conversation It will be okay to fill us in Facebook Twitter and Instagram and subscribe to YouTube channel with plus TV Africa and plus TV Africa lifestyle I am messy book will have a fantastic Friday


Next question is from Marissa Lane. How do I fix duck duck feet? I not only have external rotation when I squat, but while I am walking as well is Mobility work enough to get to the point where I'm walking naturally with my feet straight. Yes mobility work can make it We also fix duck lips. Yeah So so obviously like it sounds someone's feet turn out now I've worked with a few people where this is a big problem all of them were dancers all of them had a background in Ballet or dance which actually Emphasizes that external rotation the other people that I've worked with that have this this type of a problem Didn't have it as severely, but it came from having collapsed arches flat feet just poor ankle mobility So if your ankle doesn't have good mobility your feet will naturally want to turn out to make up for this problem So this is typically an issue that either starts at the hip where your hip doesn't internally rotate very strongly or More often than not unless you're that dancer It comes from weak feet and ankle mobility If your feet are weak and they don't have the strength because if you look at if you if you were to Google right now Foot anatomy or foot muscular anatomy You would be very surprised to see that there are lots and lots of muscles in the foot The foot is not just a Rigid extension of your leg that you just like it's not like you're standing on a stilt or something like that It is very it's supposed to be very active And if those muscles aren't doing what they're supposed to do It's gonna throw you off and a good way to to look at this is like the wear and tear and see where you're really Callusing and where you're putting most of your weight You know on your feet and that's one thing that I know like Dr. Brink helped to kind of highlight that triangle of Pressure that you want really want to see if you can maintain and train your body to Stabilize in that direction a little bit more and that's that's you know typically where you're the tongue of your shoe And then your big toe and then and then and then your your pinky toe and kind of dispersing that force between all all three of those Points so this is exactly I'll tell you what I would do with a client every time before we work out This is what it would look like I would do 90 90 work for the hips I would do combat stretch for the ankles then I would take you barefoot squeeze a basketball and Really concentrate on your feet the way it's they're planted on the floor like Justin saying that triangle and and squeezing the basketball and doing Deep as deep as squats as you can Holding it squeezing the basketball between your knees while you while you work on just the mechanics between that priming so if you do those two for the priming movements and then go in and you do that for your strength training is work on that and That is what I would have my client do that all the time until we start to work That's a great combination and in short foot is another exercise if you're having trouble activating your feet There's a movement called short foot and essentially what you're trying to do is you're trying to squeeze the muscles in your arch It's almost like you're trying to create a stronger arch in your foot That'll help you connect to that position then when you do that last exercise Adam talked about where you have the basketball between Your legs that's what you're trying to try to activate your feet then do your squats. That's a great combination


Hi, welcome to Yifan and Creative Zone. So my guest today, I have another star creative who's done work, not just on ads, but also has a very interesting background because he's done, he's written scripts for feature films, for web CDs or TV shows. We're pleased to have with us today, Aalav Desai, the national creative director of Mankind movement in India. How have you been holding up? It's all good. It's difficult. This lockdown has kind of like throttled the creative business a bit, but we are adapting to it, calls, and we are getting used to brainstorming on calls, we are getting used to thinking, presenting better. Initially there were a lot of problems when we were making presentations for ideas and everything, but now we are kind of getting out of that. I think they were just teething issues because we are not used to working from home. So we are getting around it. That's nice. So on similar lines, I want to first speak to you about how it is as creative, creating and shooting amidst remote captivity. Okay, so the biggest challenge right now that we are kind of facing is that we're used to, as creatives in an ad agency, we are used to sitting in a room, bouncing off ideas using each other as bouncing boards and then coming up with an idea. We've kind of gotten over that. Now we're kind of doing it over calls and we're kind of finding our space in there. As far as shooting is concerned, it's a little difficult, obviously honestly, because if you're on set, you're there, you can interact with the director. He's sitting right next to you or there are actors and everything. Right now, we are doing it remotely through live feeds, through Google needs, through teams. I've done one through teams also. So yeah, it's, see, we have to get ideas out. We have to, the ads need to be out for the people to realize that there is something up or there's a brand that connects with this kind of a thing. So the work will anyways happen. We will find a way around it. Are we doing it more efficiently? We're getting around it, but I would say that the physical presence at shoots was always better. There is a limited perspective to what a computer screen can tell me as far as a shoot is concerned. But when it comes to sitting at the shoot itself, there is a much more interactivity, there's much more involvement as far as those are concerned. But nevertheless, we are getting stuff out. We, everyone, I'm talking about the industry, everyone is kind of getting stuff out. Initially, I think there was this whole trend of how you could make out that these films were shot during the lockdown, right? They were fixed accesses, right? Now we have kind of evolved beyond that also. A few films that have been shot remotely also seem like they were shot as in before the COVID. So in my opinion, there is a world before COVID and there is a world after COVID. So this is a before COVID, don't really make out is this, it was the creative or was the client or was the director at shoot or not. I've actually done one where even the director wasn't on the set. He was also looking at it through a live feed. The AD was also looking at it from a live feed. So we're finding places, okay? We'll find it out, we'll figure it out. That's not a real problem. One more thing that has happened is, because shooting was halted or something for a really long time, we've started moving towards animation. Animation and animated films have kind of increased in the past because you can do that remotely. Anyways, you were doing it remotely. You can get on a call, tell them that this is the texture I like or this is the way that it should flow and it just happens on the system when it comes out. So the brands that can move on to animation films have moved. The ones that were still in the real, always in the real space, like Vodafone, for example, they did the Zuzus, but that's the maximum animation that they've gone through. They always have those, the pub following or there's a grandfather checking the phone out. Those kind of brands can't really move into animation so fast, but things like brands like MTV that we used to handle really long back, they can. So they are doing stuff which is animated. So that is how making films right now is. Right. So people also tell me that this whole virtual way of working has changed a lot of things. So in the sense that you end up calling people only for work and all that. And that just changed because there's something like team chemistry, which is a very, very essential aspect for the agency world and all that. So what is your take on that? So as far as a creative or as an agency is concerned, it is so...  Yes, yes. So what is your take on that? That's what actually, that's what I was also going to say. So as an agency, we are under a lot of stress, we are a lot of their timelines, we are working late, and that happens a lot. I personally feel that anyone in an agency is because they love the business, the amount of hours or the amount of stress that we take can, we cannot be paid enough for it ever. Anyone cannot be paid enough for the amount of work and the stress and the timings that we put in. So you are in there because you love it. And that love, a big part of that love comes because of the people that are around you. So more or less the culture of an agency, the culture is something that you build when you're sitting next to each other, or you're going down for a smoke break or you're probably having lunch together. It's the non-work things that actually drive us to do the work things better. Now the biggest challenge as you rightly put is that it's all become transactional. I used to go to office at say 9.30 in the morning and come back around 8.30 in the night. During those hours I was spending one hour, I was having a one hour lunch or a 40 minute lunch with my creative team, right? Someone from the team used to go okay and we used to have lunch and all that. Now those conversations I get, I used to kind of understand what is going on in their lives or does someone else like chicken biryani or mutton biryani more? Which one do they like? Those kind of relationships. Now we are now on calls so much that I have never called anyone out of work or my creative team out of work and said, what did you have for lunch? We don't do that anymore. We don't have the space for that anymore because all we're doing is talking on say, names or phones or gone calls or everything all the time. At the end of the day you're just so tired that you don't want to talk on the phone anymore and have some personal relationships with anyone, right? The only people you have are your family and very close friends. So yes, the culture is taking a hit. I personally feel that we have been cut off from each other and that is kind of becoming counterproductive but with time as we are getting used to things, I think that will also grow in my opinion. Like I have started making one call a week to someone who works with me who's a close friend of mine and just having a conversation which is a non-work conversation because I think we all need to really keep a check on each other if we are doing well or not right now. So we could move to each other and we could figure out that, oh, this guy is a little upset or that guy is a little tired. Right now it's all calls and it's just one 15-second, 15-minute discussion. You don't understand all that. So that is taking a hit but I think we'll have to live with it for now. Right. So also take us to the two campaigns, any of the two campaigns that you've done, I'm just locked down and how did you put it together? So there are, at Megheri Bhavan India, so the philosophy that we are trying to do is we have a bunch of people who are into, who understand a lot of digital and they understand a lot of ATL. So then they know both sides of the spectrum. So the two ideas that there are many others in the pipeline right now but the two ideas that we've recently gotten out, one is a film, is an ATL film. It's a pure film. So we started also this project on Tali which is United for Progress, started off before the lockdown. We started off discussing scripts, discussing scripts that would be shot and at the end of, so it's launched on the 27th of June, which is MSNE day. The original plan was to shoot a film and put it on there. We went around in scripts, then the lockdown happened and then see the thing about topical days as so Tali is an accounting software. One of the biggest audiences is the MSME category of consumer. The medium micro enterprises, those people. Now that day happens to be on the 27th. You, we either shoot a film or we kind of put up a video together. We started off with an ATL film, shooting, discussing scripts and all that. Then COVID happened. So the good part, I think, what we've kind of achieved in Tali is that when you look at the film, it doesn't seem as if it's put together using footage. It's seen as if it's shot. Like it's the closest that I think we can get to, in my opinion, we can get to making a film look like less of an AV and more of a shoot. So that is the one project that we had done. The second one was a typical, is a very hardcore user generating content, user generated content piece that we have done with Big FM called Pride From Home. Okay, now Pride From Home. So the last month, all of last month was Pride Month. So we, normally we go for rallies. We go for a lot of these gatherings to show our support for the LGBTQ transgenders and every community. Because of the COVID pandemic, we've not really been able to express that. So we collaborated, we work on projects with Big FM. We collaborated with Big FM and we came out with this action-enabled integration in life. So if you've seen the Pride flag, it follows a certain sequence of colors, right? So right now, if I need to show my support in the Pride Month, all we ask people to do is put up their clothes when they put them out to dry in that particular sequence of the pride colors. And that's it. And we've got immense interaction in people. And so this is a very typical social media campaign. This is what I meant when, that we are trying to do ATL and digital well. So people just shared the pictures, people shared pictures of how their clothes were hanging and they shared. So I am anyway going to hang out clothes, right? I'll just do it in the sequence and it's as simple as that. Simply, it is the more people interact with it. And that's what we did. So that's Pride from home for Big FM. That's amazing. So how are client budgets now? That's another question I want to understand. What is the general mood like? Because when it all started off, things were very uncertain.  So I think the update coming down from Feb itself, right? Because the business had started stacking a bit in March. They kind of went like, right? But recently after the market kind of opened up, after people are starting going to stores and malls and everything. So every project that was happening around Feb and March were paused for later. We will check this out later. We will check this out later. I think there is a, there is this tendency. I don't think we've come to the, right? Original amount of the budget. The budgets are lesser than we were discussing then. But the positive signs are that we have started discussing the projects again. It's not as if the later, right? Now we're discussing each other how to get this one out, how to get this thing out. Acharya, we don't have that much money, but we have this much money. So it's opening up. I think we'll take some time before we can come back to normal and kind of get to the budgets that we used to. But right now they are a little hard on the budgets because they have different things to, and we understand where clients are coming from. They have different things to look at their business. If the business survey is advertising will come in later also. We can do that. Absolutely, right. That's happening. That's nice to know. So also, I've heard that this entire situation has brought in a great deal of upheaval in the way we work as a matter industry. And there are a lot of green shoots of opportunity. So for example, I see a lot of creatives doing work on their own, doing things on their own on domestic violence or things that they care about. Secondly, they say that in these three months, digital transformation got enacted so fast. Yes, of course. Even traditional agencies are getting into creative. They're getting into things like lead generation, enhancements of social engagement. So where do you see the green shoots of opportunity? So I think adaptation of digital and the increase of it, I think it's beautifully spiked. We have gotten used to having video calls. We are getting gotten used to having these presentations. I think it's beautiful. If we ever get 100% back to normal, I think we will end up being more productive because it will be a combination of the physical interaction that we used to have and a combination of this. Now I no longer need to fly down to Delhi for a Delhi meeting. I think we can do it. Even if things return to normal, we can do it. Like I can sit in Bombay and have that meeting. Initially, the first instinct of everyone was there is a meeting in Delhi. Let's fly down to Delhi. We will start avoiding those things. It saves a lot of time. It saves a lot of productivity. Another thing, as you rightly mentioned, I think it's a very interesting point where we started, so I think being stuck in home has sort of sensitized us a lot. We've started concentrating and being more, paying attention to things like domestic violence, pride, or say, depression for that matter. We've started, I think, as a community, we've become more sensitive to things because we've all been pushed in one box right now. We have, we've kind of, like I don't remember an age where people said that, keep meeting, cancel, someone's very upset right now. Okay? Or someone doesn't sound like they do, right? And normally, we would say that, okay, let's finish this discussion. We will crack a joke, that person smiles for a second, then we kind of get them, but we get the work going. That was, now, however, hard or difficult it sounds, we kept, and it was also because we were physically in the same space, right? So you could understand, we are sensitive to it, we understand that everyone's going through a difficult patch. So we kind of, that's, I think, one of the best things that have come out of this whole lockdown that we've become more sensitive to each other's state of mind, right? Another thing that I think that is great is that the spike in digital, like, because we could not do ATL, which is television, print, and outdoor, the amount of pieces on digital have increased. The spends on digital have obviously increased, but the amount of creativity also has increased, right? It's challenging to do a piece, which is, which can interact with people who are stuck in their houses. I can no longer do a 360 activity where I do a mall activation, I can, no. So all of that gets shifted to digital. Now, I don't think we have ever faced this kind of a restriction before, in terms of thinking, nor I think we will ever face it again, hopefully, right? So that also kind of puts your thinking into a box, and when you break out of that box, it'll be something that, it's generally something that we've never seen before, because the problem and the need is so new that the solution that comes out automatically becomes a novel idea, right? It becomes a stronger, it's new how you approach it, right? Like, for example, I don't think if the pandemic would have hit us, I don't think we would have ever done the Big FM Pride From Home idea, right? The dry out clothes in a particular pattern, I don't think we would have ever done that. It's because we are all stuck at home where this sweet idea has come out. So that is also kind of pushing us in a corner, and we are like jumping back to the problem and saying that we'll handle it better, we'll handle it more creatively, we'll handle it with essence, we'll do that. So that's one of the few good things that have come out. So lastly, I want you to give out a message on creating of its adversity. Okay, message. Okay, so the biggest thing that I keep telling my team is that whatever we are going through right now, this too shall pass. Like we will come out stronger from this and the only thing is, the only option we have right now is to keep swinging. Then we have to just keep swinging and hope to hit as many balls as possible. So I think that holds true for everyone in my previous agency when I also talked to people, that's what we need to do right now. Right now, we just need to keep swinging because we're not going to hit all the balls right now. We have to keep swinging so that we hit as many as we can. And this will pass, we will get back to normal. We just need to keep our patience in place till we do that. So that's it. Amazing. Thank you so much for your time and for those very interesting insights. And I'll come and see you at your office. If things get back to normal, I'll be discussing the post-COVID world. Thanks so much. Thank you.


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I want to thank you for being willing to come and discuss your book, Sense of the Possible, an Introduction to Theology and Imagination. Understanding the relationship between theology and imagination is fundamental to the study and practice of ministry, and I'm looking forward to learning from what you have to say on this topic. My first question is, you argue in the book that there is no such thing as a lack of imagination, even in situations that seem to be devoid of change and creativity. What do you mean by this claim, and why do you think this is such a significant position to take? Thanks, and thanks for the question. I often will bring up this phrase, the lack of imagination. It's one of the first things I talk about in my courses on theology and imagination, and even in the context of parishes and congregations, when I talk about this stuff, sometimes I will often lead with that. And that's because certainly on behalf of folks who are interested in some kind of change, either because the status quo has not been kind to them and theirs, or because they have a passion for justice and a greater sense of hope and liberation within the church. What sometimes gets tagged as, you know, the problem with the contemporary age is a lack of imagination. I resist the idea of the current power system being a result of a lack of imagination because I think what's actually happening is that when we're being told that the present way of being is all that can ever be, what's happening is some more powerful, dominant imagination is getting slaughtered into what we call real. So we don't know what the future is like. Whenever we think about the future, we are imagining it. And so to be told that the only way that the future can pan out is like the way that the present is playing. It's not a failure of imagination. It's a profound success of the dominant imagination. And for those of us that are interested in change or in questions of what might be out at the edge of what's possible and some new ways of being, I want us to say let's not let the dominant imaginary be the thing that gets to tell us what's real. Let's allow for that to be a structure and a constellation of imaginations as well. And those of us that want to contest with it want to have some resistance to dominant or domineering kind of imaginaries and constellations of images and systems and symbols and beliefs wrestle with some resistant ones that are perhaps more attentive to those who are marginalized or on the edges of society. Places where there has been some suppression or repression. So let's not let the dominant imaginaries claim to tell us what's real and we're left with kind of picking up the table scraps of naivete or kind of utopian thinking. Instead let us recognize that whenever we're engaging with the horizon of tomorrow we're doing the work of imagining and those of us that have a vision for change and alteration of the present status quo are every bit as entitled to it as the folks who say nothing can change. My second question is in your chapter on imagination and doctrine you discuss how imagination and hope relate to one another. Can you speak a little to that point? Yeah. A lot of times when folks are talking about imagination especially in spaces in which people are excited about the imagination they want imagination to kind of go right alongside positive ideas. We can have a positive imagination for the future. Things can be different etc. And I am very cautious maybe to the point of neurotic about making sure to make clear that imagination isn't good. It's not bad either though. Imagination allows us to call to mind things that are not present.  And that doesn't currently exist but you may have seen little fractures of dystopian living poking through and you can grow those in your imagination to see what it is the world might be like. So imagination and hope are related exactly the same way that imagination and despair are related. They're two sides of the same coin which is to say what happens when we let our imaginations be colonized by everything will get worse is that we move into a space of despair and what we know from political spaces and political theology and liberation theology is that when we allow the principalities and the powers that be to determine how it is we imagine what's possible for our communities and the only place that we're taking wisdom from is those who are already in systems of power in places where the systems of power are not helping those who may perhaps most need it then what occurs is despair and what that is is just a certain kind of colonized narrowed vision of the future that is to say a particular imagination of how things will play out. Hope in that sense is just another way of attacking what the future might be like. It's the same exact sets of tools that allows despair to set in but used towards a different end. Tomorrow might be different and I think it's really crucial to recognize that despair and hope are both functions of imagination that's partly why I think imagination is so important to talk about in the context of theological education at large and in particular theological education that sees itself as being part of the work of ministerial support and guidance for the bettering of people or for liberation or for social justice or dignity for all beings. If we think we're doing those things then we need to recognize that we're not just working in the areas of argumentation, of reason, of rationality but we are absolutely working in the milieu of feeling, of affect of sense information and imagination which as I say is our sense of the possible. How can we imagine in a bodily way things different than they are and imagining things different than they are can go into this path of despair or it can go into this path of hope and for those of us that are religious leaders I think part of our task is to figure out how do we do the work of marshaling the resources of the tradition attending to what has come before and tying that into a new way of seeing what has yet to come one that isn't despairing one that doesn't think that all that is is all that ever will be but instead recognizes that God can always call us into a new thing and that we can meet God's call with kind of open mindedness and a willingness to be looking for the signs of the times that might point away to a thing that we haven't seen yet. So I think it's important to name despair and hope both as ways in which the imagination plays out in a social context and hopefully what I've done in the book is to show if that's the case then attending to the thing that gives rise to both of them is worth our study and attention. The latter half of the book is devoted to a focus on Christian practices. Can you say something about the connection between practices and imagination and why you believe this is an important connection? Yeah. So I mean I have to admit that part of what's going on there is you know that expression the hammer always sees everything as a nail, right? I was trained as a practical theologian and I'm by formation on the lookout for practices. So that's part of it is that my own disciplinary training is someone who it makes me interested in what it is that people do kind of in a material way. But kind of me aside, I do think there's something to be said about what it is that practices do to us as Christians. The practical theologian Don Browning says that practices kind of have in them often unacknowledged kind of a latent theory and then as practical theologians part of our job is to take a look at the practices that people are engaged in and see like what are the unspoken theoretical things inside of them not just in the academy but in congregations in people's faith life maybe even if they're not even going to church, right? If they're still praying and that's a meaningful thing to them like what's tucked inside of that practice like what's the undisclosed latent theory of how the world works that's in that practice. And I think there's a lot to be said about that and about Browning's kind of understanding of practice and that's fairly well discussed in the practical theology literature. But for me, I think it's really important and I'm hopeful about the possibility of recognizing that it's not just theory that's tucked inside I think practices also disclose a vision of the future so the way I say it is that practices have embedded inside them imaginaries that when we do things it points out to the way the world might be. Now, what's the difference between a theory and an imaginary? Well, on one level they share a lot of things in common but theoretical thinking tends to be a little bit more mappable in P's and Q's you know in a kind of logical orientation propositional if this is the case then this is the case and therefore whereas imaginaries are clusters or constellations of symbols of feelings of stories of myths of meaning that have some affective with an A emotional embodied consequence for people who are connected to those imaginaries but they might not be able to sketch out or even recognize the skeleton or scaffold of the theory behind them they operate in a way that has much more to do with feeling and emotion and a sense of connection to community and history and tradition then they do a theoretical underpinning. So, if we're interested in changing how we think about the future of our community for example if we want to engender a more hopeful orientation to the world not a naive kind of hopefulness that says everything's going to stay the way it is but someday eventually it'll get better just hold tight but a kind of critical hopefulness a kind of hard hopefulness that says not only do we want to have hope but we want to engage with the actual work of changing things materially well if we want to engender that and we think that part of engendering that requires helping people to use stories and symbols and meaning in new ways in new imaginative ways that are hopeful well then we need to figure out how to help them change those constellations and I think that if you just talk about it or write about it you're kind of just engaging with a kind of theory that's just a little more inchoate and instead I think that practices are necessary when I teach this stuff I say practices are the process by which imaginaries find a home in the flesh that if we just are talking about how we want the imagination to change we want the future to be it's not sufficient we need to figure out how to embody some of this potential future and we have to figure out how to embody that potential future in community so that when we pray for example that the kingdom on earth come as it is in heaven we're not just doing it because we're supposed to but there's some idea that the world is in such a way that God's will can be done that that way of imagining the world actually is easier to live into because we've done something with our bodies that reminds us of it so there's all kinds of reasons that have been written about for decades about why practices are worth studying what I'm interested to contributing to the conversation is a recognition that it also might be worth studying practices because inside of them there are these constellations of how the future might unfold and from the backwards forwards if we're interested in changing the names of these constellations or the ways that we look at how the future of our communities might be then one of the tools that we can have on our toolkit to engage with this work is to study imagination more seriously and to study how imagination and practices connect and finally is there anything else you would like others to know about this book yeah so some of this is just in terms of how I hope it gets used out there I really had three audiences in mind for this book the first is folks who are interested in dipping their toes in this information the literature on theology and imagination sounds like it should be really exciting and captivating and it is but it's often really hard to get into some of it's pretty technical and some of it presumes you've read all of Kant's critiques and you understand them and it says now based on that and it moves from there and it's hard especially for folks who haven't done graduate theological study and so it always struck me that the categories of imagination and theology are so exciting wouldn't it be useful to have a book that was a little more accessible that could get people into that literature so they could see if they were really into it instead of cracking open a book that seems like it should be interesting getting a couple chapters in and saying whoa this is way over my head so the first book is for anyone who's interested in the life of the church and thinking about imagination and maybe even folks who are interested in thinking about creativity I really focus on imagination as opposed to the arts because a lot of people are doing really good work on the arts and I really want to focus on the imagination specifically itself so the first group of folk that I encourage to pick up the book are people who just think they might be interested because I've tried to write the book in a way that it's quite accessible in terms of a reading perspective, each chapter ends with questions that you can use in small group discussions in a congregational setting or in an undergraduate classroom or something like that the second group of folks who I think might be interested are people who are graduate students who are looking for kind of a handy dandy toolkit because I've tried to do a good job articulating the voices and positions in a generous way from a lot of different people who have written at the work of imagination and theology so it really bibliographically is a kind of a treasure trove of what do folks need in there so that the back of the book is really useful too. There's a timeline in there starting from when the book of Proverbs was written all the way through 2022 in terms of all the major texts that have engaged with imagination and theology and so I hope it becomes like a resource book as well and then finally for folks who have already stepped down the path of doing imagination and theology work I hope that this book serves as a kind of a quick access guide, right? Since a lot of the material on imagination and theology is captured in there, you might not remember wait, who said that? Was that was that green or was that someone else and you can kind of flip in find the reference to the book you're thinking of like ah yes, it was green who said that so that for them it kind of becomes a quick and easy access guide to things that they might already know. So I hope that this book serves to broaden the interest in it I'm really hoping that this book becomes a teaching book that people realize it's a good like one-on-one entry level into some of these conversations and might even do the work of beefing up some people's classrooms and studies where the arts gets a lot of focus and the imagination gets used as a term kind of willy nilly without any fleshing out. Like this is a book that pays almost the entirety of its attention to the imagination and how it works within Christian theology and that might really help kind of flesh out the picture of people interested in aesthetics or theological aesthetics and theology in the arts. So hope it gets used and I hope it's useful for a whole bunch of folk. Thanks so much for your time here today and for giving us this very helpful introduction to your book.