Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA The Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. The pre-season promo is starting to heat up with all of these insane transfer SBCs. We have one big one that was leaked yesterday. We're not those Sanchez. We have two more very big transfer SBCs that are leaked to be coming soon. Two of the biggest transfers inside of the summer window are getting SBCs in this promo very soon. So I wanna take a look at that, how they could be priced, when they could drop, talk about the market impact of fodder and other substitute goods. Like yesterday, we saw midfielders dropping with these two, Wynaldum and Pogba, both dropped on the game. So I wanna take a look at that. And of course, speaking of yesterday's SBC content, a campaign bag player pick that has us all just kind of scratching our heads and being like, EA, what's the point of this? You're trying to help, but also this is terrible value and it's not even really helping completely what people need to finish off some of these footies SBCs. So I'll take a look at that, maybe a little incompetence from EA Sports there, but man, this preseason promo is starting to heat up with these leaked SBCs. And that's where a lot of the hype is starting to build with these cards coming. So if you're excited for any of these leaks, hit the thumbs up and subscribe if you're new. Let's start by talking about these cards. The first leak yesterday is probably the biggest transfer of the whole summer window in its entirety. Erling Holland is added to come via preseason player SBC, stats are a prediction, but you know it's gonna be high rated and these stats are probably not far off. Again, this guy has already confirmed to be a once to watch in FIFA 23 and it just makes sense for him to get a FIFA 22 transfer SBC as well with the way EA are going with these things. And especially with this leak after Renato Sanchez, EA seemed to be really cranking it up and dropping some big boy transfers. Now this Holland card is probably gonna feel a bit like a truck in game, right? Holland's cards in FIFA, you know, they're not bad. He's just a bit a different type of a striker. You know, he's not a Ben Yetter-esque player. He's gonna be your tall, physical, great shooting stats, very pacey as well. But one thing that Holland's cards have never had and especially in this year's FIFA is four star skills and this might be an opportunity for EA sports to really go all out with a very high card, but also I think there's potential for him to be a bit expensive. So what we really went with this Holland card is the five star, five star because that's kind of, honestly, that's kind of the baseline. A lot of the cards getting released right now are five star, five star. So we hope for that with Holland for sure. I could see it being four star skills and a five star weak foot. That'd be a bit of a bummer though, I think, for most people. EA, it's August 25th, just full send it. That's what we have to say about that. So again, the reason why I'm a little bit afraid of these cards maybe being a bit expensive is if you take a look at the showdown that we had just yesterday between Pogba and Wine Album, you know, Pogba 323,000 coins, it's not crazy break the bank expensive, but if you compared that to the Ericsson and to the Nunez, both Ericsson and Nunez were under 200,000 coins before their prices rose up a little bit. Pogba being 320, Wine Album being over 200 KSE was a little bit earlier. You know, I just think that maybe EA's going into a little bit more expensive part, SBC-wise of this promo, which I hope is not the case. I guess I'm just a little bit, you know, thinking about it more after they released more expensive SBCs yesterday.  I would say, I don't know, it's hard to throw a number out there, maybe 500 K. The other part of this is as well, we don't exactly know when these SBCs are going to drop. Like I said, we have three leaks right now. This is the biggest one, apart from Renato being a really massive leak as well. We might see the first one of these SBCs today on Thursday. We might also not see one at all until Friday. Thursdays are always usually, always usually great English Nate, but usually very dry content days in total. They have been during footies. It's kind of like a catch-up day for objectives, since there's a lot of different gameplay objectives out there, SBCs. So I'm really wondering if we're going to see one of these today. If we are, I think the one that we would see is Renato, since he was leaked first, but what I'm also trying to start to think is these three SBCs might be what we see on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. We're just kind of, I'm just kind of putting that out there. So that's really unsure. We're really unsure of when these guys are gonna drop just in the following days. We know they are gonna be coming. Now, I've mentioned three players and I've shown you two. You've probably seen the third one if you follow the Twitter leaks at all, but this is the one. Antonio Rudiger, the Real Madrid center back. This card, I mean, all I can think about when I think of Rudiger is how overpowered his Team of the Year Honorable Mentions card was early in the year, and everybody, before Veran was a thing in FIFA, at least Veran flashback, people used this guy. He was insane for his Team of the Year Honorable Mentions. And this card, especially with the links that he has now, not saying that Chelsea links are bad by any means, but with all the insane end game Real Madrid teams, think about how many of you guys are using Ettermila Tau in your squad right now, boom. This guy, great end game replacement for an Ettermila Tau. You've got so many great Real Madrid players that have been available via SBCs, the Ferland Mendi, the Bale, then you got other cards in the market like the Marcello. It's just, Vinny Jr. has been in packs and his price has dropped like crazy. Valverde has a card that is on so many great Real Madrid links right now in this game. This is gonna be a center back card. It could very well be the best center back in the game whenever he does drop. So that's why we're saying that EA is cranking up the hype with this preseason promo because they're dropping three massive SBCs for transfers, Holland, Rudiger and Renato. Now again, like I said, price points on these, all the other ones have been cheap. And we talked about it yesterday with the Renato Sanchez league, Lewandowski, Gravenberge have been very, very good value SBCs, but they're both not Premier League. And yes, they're big transfers, but I don't think they're as hype. EA knows they're not as hype for most of the FIFA user base and maybe even in a meta sense for the user base as Holland, Renato Sanchez and Rudiger. So just be a little bit careful with your fodder. I've kind of put the Mohammed Salah on hold personally, just because I wanna do these other cards that are being dropped that are in like the three to 500K range. They're a lot easier to craft. I did wine album and Pogba yesterday very easily because of their price points and because of the 85 times 10. I'm gonna be completely honest. Even though the 85 times 10 is completable three times a day only. I have one more to go, I guess. Forgot about one of them. It still gives you a lot of that fodder. So SBCs like these should be very craftable when they do drop. So I'll be on the lookout for either Renato, Holland or Rudiger today. But again, like I said, I could also see this just being three SBC cards that we would see released over the weekend. So it's really just gonna come down to today at content on Thursday. What is going to happen and are they gonna drop one of these on a Thursday or are we gonna have to wait until tomorrow and Friday? We will have to see. Now like I mentioned, going back to yesterday's content just a little bit and starting to talk about the value of these showdowns and the value of these SBCs. Like I said, Pogba wine album, a little bit expensive to my liking but just because last week was such great value and such great players as well with Ericsson and Nunez, I was hoping for a little bit cheaper on Pogba wine album but it's definitely not terrible, right?  Let's be honest. Wine albums card is probably the better of the two. Conte, Esk, five foot nine, five star, five star, high, high work rates, great boost on his card. I know a lot of people from a FIFA meta perspective think that that's the better value SBC here but also I'm telling you guys, I'm not a gameplay pro but I used this Pogba card. He was actually pretty phenomenal with the long legs, his height. He does have the five star skills of course, the five star weak foot. He doesn't have the best agility balance or stamina. A lot of people are like, man, 87 stamina is bad. Especially using him in golden gold modes, I didn't get to test that out but this card was very, very fun to use. He had the sticky, he had the jam and his defending was actually incredible. Like 91 interceptions, I thought it was higher than that. Kind of has that Vieira type build, right? The long legs, really, really great SBC. French links of course, great for Serie A squad building. I'm a fan of that SBC and I'm finding myself hoping that Pogba gets upgraded and I think a lot of people would be a fan of that happening this weekend as well for that game on Saturday. So a couple of days to complete that, if you're somebody who's tight on fodder, tight on the coins, definitely wait until you see more SBCs come out this weekend, you have a couple days to wait just to see, hey, what should I use my fodder on? If Renato drops, maybe I shouldn't do Pogba or winaldum, that's absolutely something to think about. Now also, speaking of fodder, prices did spike again yesterday on your 83s. A lot of these guys went up, again, around 1,000 coins a card, some of them a bit more. Hey, Zeus from low 2K range, 2.1, all the way to 3.1. These cards will drop this morning on Thursday because of division rivals rewards. They will get supply, it's happened the past week, the past like three or four weeks actually, we've seen on Thursday mornings, people are still taking tradable rewards and they're grinding this game. You're gonna see these fodder cards drop. But now honestly, while you wanna look at this kind of fodder today, probably your 81s, 82s, 83s, 84s, good time, great time to club stock some of this stuff to maybe get your 85 times 10s done for cheaper, make a few coins, whatever it may be, is your goal right now, where I think this is really gonna impact the market. The most today are some of your non-rears and I'm just kind of making up a search filter here, but let's say Premier League gold center backs, like some of these non-rear golds are going up tons every single day. Some of these cards are going from like 2K to 8K, literally every single day. I even know one card, shout out to TribalScan in the stream. This Locatelli 82 rated card, he was buying at 2K before Pogba dropped and now this guy has 10,000 coins. As an 82 rated, because you need the P-Monty Calcio links in that SBC, there's not a lot of supply right now, it's all demand. Cards like this, some of these random non-rears sell for crazy amounts of coins right now in this game. Like look, 9.5K for this Locatelli card, insane, right? Stuff like this is happening daily on the market and you just have to know what the right place is to look, you have to know the right cards and today with rewards, some of those cards are gonna get some very well needed supply. So make sure if you're into that market at all, absolutely go out there and check and especially if you're like trying to think about some marquee matchups and investments for stuff like that, people need coins right now and they need fodder. People are doing marquee matchups about every week. Now, you could see a few less price rises for MMS today because last week there was a token involved with this and that drew some more action to this and probably some more people, less people actually. Well, there'll be less people this week doing it because we have all 50 tokens. There won't be a token available today for marquee matchups but that Roma and UVA game could very well be one of the games inside of marquee matchups or I think Monaco PSG play this weekend. So that's just watch out for some of those marquee matchup cards to move today but just your other ones in general that move like every single day. You could just go in foot bin and start looking through some random non-rares that are like center backs, right backs, midfielders, right wing, left wing, like some of these guys, even goalkeepers, move a ton every single day. So if you know where to look, you can make some big coins on that but in general, there will be a decent amount of supply especially on that fodder range this morning. I would not be surprised to see some of these 83s. You know, like Lucas Accomplice right now is like 2.7, 2.8K, like just around 3,000 coins. Right now for an 83, I wouldn't be surprised if he's 2K or under and a lot of 83s hopefully should be around 2K or under today on Thursday. It'll be a great time to club stock because again, if a Renato, if a Holland or a Rutiger were to drop today, then I think you would see some of those prices rising up later on. Great opportunity to stock some cards in the club this morning. Also, like I mentioned in yesterday's video, when we see a Renato SBC or one of these SBCs that just brings a lot of hype, right? And we have three, like I mentioned, three big leaked ones that are moving the market or have potential to move the market. Yesterday with the Pogba dropping and the Wynaldum, that did do a number on some of these midfielders. Sergio Ramos was a card that we looked at yesterday and were a little bit worried about I guess you could say with the Renato upcoming. This card actually dropped off a lot yesterday with Pogba and Wynaldum from 165K all the way to 130. Now he's back up right now to about 150 late night, getting rare, kind of bouncing back as he is not in packs right now for batch one of pre-season. Just keep an eye on your midfielders again today. Or, you know, if Holland gets dropped, keep an eye on some of your top tier strikers that still sell.  Well, he also plays a lot of midfield for a lot of people. So, you know, a Holland dropping, yeah, you would want to keep an eye on like a shape shift, there's Sun or cards like that in this game. Maybe even like a team of the year, Naldo, people, if they have that tradable, maybe even some of these icons like Puskas that are still end game top tier striker cards that people might have in their clubs. Tradable still that are trying out since their prices are so much lower. Those are going to be the types of cards that will be impacted in the market the most. Even Marcello yesterday was impacted by Pogba. Take a look at this, Marcello going from 495,000 coins all the way to 440. And then after seeing the Rudiger League, he's kind of bounced back up to 480, 490. It's kind of a mixed bag of a whole lot of things for a few of these cards because again, Ramos links to Renato, but he also might be replaced by him when that SBC drops. Marcello links to Rudiger, so he's up a little bit for that. Just kind of stuff you have to look out for. You're probably not going to see as many crazy fluctuations on these cards, but you know, this Marcello as well, up so much since he went out of packs after Footies. Yesterday he was 394, went up to 460. This card's definitely inflated because of that Rudiger 100%. Even though it's actually around the same price as the 97 rated, the better version of Marcello. Since it's a left back, I think more people will actually value that Marcello because they've maybe done Furlimendi or they have other insane midfielders that they use instead of wanting to use the striker version of his card, which is kind of crazy to think about. But that's just kind of how it goes in this game right now with all the insane mental cards that we have on this game. Now, that's kind of a little bit of a market roundup.  People are just more so gonna pack those fodder cards and that's what's gonna drop them in price a little bit today in terms of the fodder market from rivals rewards. Now really quick to end this video off, I do wanna take a look at this player pick right here, the campaign bag player pick. And right here, I think what EA was trying to do, they were trying to do something nice. They really were. They were trying to give us a player pick that would give us those players that we need to finish off the Salah, to finish off the Mendy, the Griezmann, right?  I just need foot birthdays, winter wildcards or foot captains, that sort of stuff, right? Well, EA Sports goes and releases a campaign bag player pick that gives you winter wildcards, fantasy foot or foot birthday players. The problem is there's no foot captains or future stars to be found. Foot captains and future stars are still very hard to find on the market. They're not in packs right now. And the other problem with this SBC is, it requires an 88 rated squad, which is ridiculous. You only need an 87 rated squad for a 85 times 10, where you get 10 players back and you're supposed to turn in an 88 rated squad for one player that you're gonna go and then turn into an SBC. This literally makes zero sense. So if EA was gonna do something like this, they should have released it as an 83 rated squad and they also should have included foot captains and future stars in this player pick because this is like EA was trying to help us but they've actually just created more of a problem. The only thing that this does help is people need a winter wildcards or fantasy foot or foot birthday, any of those three that are available from this, now you have something that is worth doing even though it's very expensive, you at least have an option to get those cards that you need to finish a Sala SBC, right? For the fantasy or for the foot birthday cards or a Griezmann or a Mandy or a St. Max or a Neymar. A lot of people are trying to finish Neymar and they can't get captains foot birthdays or fantasies and they still can't get captains cards but at least they're one closer by getting some fantasies and some foot birthdays from that player pick but again, that SBC just, EA, what are you doing, man? You should have kept these cards and packs anyways because you kept demanding them and these SBCs that were still out from footies, that's just bit of a head scratcher 100%. But that was kind of the news yesterday on the game. There wasn't a whole lot going on there. USA soccer fans, football fans, I said the S-word, yes. Silver stars, Aronson's a pretty dope card. I'm excited for this one. I think it's his first special card in FIFA like ever so that's just kind of cool.  I am two out of three on the league. I need to do Bundesliga and Serie A yet. These have gone pretty fast for me since the stream ended earlier yesterday but these go away tomorrow and Friday so make sure you grind through these if you're trying to. Pre-season cup does not go away until Saturday so it's not like the old cups so you have a little bit extra time here but it's worth noting that you are in the end for that sort of timeframe for those objectives as well. Honestly, bring on the content EA sports. The pre-season SBCs, I still wish they had dynamic images. It would make the cards look so much better but I'm kind of getting to the point where I'm not expecting it anymore because none of the other transfer cards have had them just of yet. I think it's a rights issue. It's something that EA just can't do unfortunately but it is what it is. We're still getting a lot of really cool cards right now. There's a lot of SBCs to grind, a lot of content and it's late August. We really can't complain too much. It's a W, especially with the big three leaks that we have. I kind of hope we see one today but I'm reserving a little bit of judgment because it might not be until tomorrow. We'll just have to see but if you enjoyed today's video hit a thumbs up on it. If you're excited for any of these leaked SBCs hit me down in the comments. Tell me why you're excited. Tell me which ones you want to do but of course if you're new around here hit the subscribe button. I will see you guys in a video soon. It's been Nathan Buttock out and catch you guys later. Peace.


Hi, I'm John Boyland. I'm a professor in the College of Engineering and Applied Science. I hope you can come join me on the Milwaukee Engineers team at the Panther Prowl. I'm going because I'm going to try to improve my personal best time. My tip for other prowlers is try to do a long run and a short run every week except right before the race. Join me as we take the Milwaukee Engineers team and try to be the biggest one again.


Hello everybody, welcome back. So let's talk about how I spend my hours prepping, my hours for booking appointments, the paperwork, how those hours kind of work in my mobile dental hygiene business. So I've been in the dental profession for 15 years now. Well, that's a long time. And I've had my own mobile hygiene business for about two years. So how do I manage my time that way? So I did try to keep track for the past couple of weeks just to really see what I do. And it's amazing. I wish there were more hours in a day. So what I do, first of all, for booking appointments is I typically book two hours for one adult patient. So one hour of that is seeing the patient, talking to the patient, of course, updating the medical history and doing the treatment. And then another hour is just basically including the 20 minutes set up time and then the 20 minutes tear down time. Sometimes it takes me 10 minutes to set things up. Sometimes it takes me half an hour. You just never know. I like to talk. I'm that clinician where I like to talk to my patient, get to know them, I like to socialize. So I've learned to talk to my patient while I'm setting up. I talk to my patient while I'm cleaning the teeth. I'll be talking at the same time. Whereas if I just simply sat down to talk to them, hey, how's it going? How's your day? I'd be there for probably four hours. So that's just kind of what I do if that helps you guys. I've never known a clinician to probably talk more than me. So I'm probably the only one who has that real problem. When I used to work in a dental office, I would be behind all the time because I'd be chatting too much to my patients. So what else do I do? So paperwork, you might be wondering, well, when do I get my paperwork done? So I do bring my laptop with me and that has my patient's charts in the laptop. But what I do for my paperwork is I record everything on my Apple watch. So I have an Apple, sorry, I have a recorder app on my Apple watch that I push that and that helps me to record my notes. So I will lay the patient back and I'll kind of say, I'm just going to take 60 seconds to just kind of look at your mouth. Overall, record some notes, don't mind me. So I'll go through all of the teeth at a new patient exam for the odontogram and I'll record the teeth. I'll say they have light to moderate deposits. There's gingival inflammation here and there. So, but then I listen to that recording when I go home. So notes, it's kind of hard to say how long I take doing notes. So what I do when I come home is I will open up the laptop, listen to the recording and then write all my notes that way. It takes approximately, I wanna say, I don't know, 15 minutes for some patients, literally half an hour for other patients. It will take half an hour if I haven't pre-entered their information into the system. So if it's for a new patient exam and I haven't entered in their medical history, dental history forms, their COVID prescreening, all of that, then it's going to take me longer. If I have all of that stuff entered in and I've seen that patient before, then I just simply click that previous template at their last appointment, I copy that, I paste that and then I just sort of refill in the information but there's notes to take. So notes can take me anywhere from 15 minutes a person to sometimes half an hour. And that's a lot. If I'm seeing, let's say, five patients that day, oh my goodness, that adds up, doesn't it? So I find paperwork and note-taking takes me the longest time. I wish I could just hire somebody to do that. When I get the new patient forms in, I have them fill out the forms online and I have them do the COVID prescreening form online. So what I do with that is I copy those forms into their chart notes into my laptop that I do use, my trusty laptop, that's what I was pointing at. That can take about 15 minutes to half an hour as well, depending on how extensive their medical history is. So these things take time. This is why you guys, clients pay us the big bucks because we're not just sitting there twiddling our thumbs. All of this takes a lot of time to do the paperwork. The paperwork probably takes me the most time. I wish I could delegate that so I can really focus on seeing more patients. But I would say that's the time that it takes. For me to set up for, let's say, a typical cleaning appointment, it might just take me 10 minutes because I have a cart in my closet that I wheel out. I bring in all of my mobile hygiene bags that I use. I do have a big bag. That's what I use to put in my patients' instruments, dental materials for that day. So I have a closed container that I put things in per household. I pack up the mask, gloves, bib instruments, the fluoride varnish, the polisher, that kind of thing. I package that up, put it in the bag. I'll go to check how many patients I'm seeing. That will determine how many toothbrushes I need to bring. But I do have spare supplies in my car too in case I ever forget something because it does happen. Where I'll go, oh shoot, I forgot masks. It happens. Well, guess what? I have spares in my car. I'll go, oh my goodness, I forgot toothbrushes. Well, guess what? I have spares in my car. But loading up the car takes time too. That might take about 10 minutes. It's like Tetris. I put the compressor unit in first. Then I put my mobile patient chair. I put my saddle stool in there. And the bags for patient treatment. I have a big bag with kind of all the stuff in there. I have a side bag for my compressor tub, my piezo unit. If I need that, if I use the compressor, well, that's another bag. I have my tote that I keep my PPE in, my hair cap, my loops. But the loading up the car might take five minutes. It might take 10 minutes. It's really hard to say. But it's really not too bad once you get the hang of it. So I hope that helps you guys with kind of the hours I spend. I kind of talked about the overall procedure too in some of them. But if you guys have any more questions, please let me know.  You kind of wonder, well, how long will it take me to set up? How long will it take me to tear down? How long does it take to see a patient? So I hope that helps. Feel free to watch my other videos that I have on my mobile dental hygiene business. Even if you do a search in my channel for mobile dental hygiene business, something like that, you will find a lot more videos. And comment below with any questions. Click like if you like the video. I'd like to see that people are actually listening to me. And make sure to click subscribe for also notifications as well. I've been coming on live on YouTube more often. I will post when I'm coming on live that day in the community post area. So I believe if you're a subscriber, you get notifications for that. So thank you guys for listening and I'll see you guys in the next video.


Who's come to say hello? How long are my new friends in here? Look at you. Oh my god Look how close they're coming up I've got a whole family of cows around here.  Don't be scared. I'm your friend I'm your friend Yeah, so These are my friends. We just we just made friends Can everyone hear me okay? They're tagged because they're Tagged for slaughter like that. They're actually just they're stock.  How disgraceful is that?  This one's here.  How are you guys going? Did you come to see the cows or me or both? He's wondering what you're doing. You're on youtube everyone. Look, what are you doing? What are you doing? Look, look at them They're so beautiful and majestic aren't they? They're wondering like what's this species of animal doing sitting down in our in our patch of grass That's what they're wondering what I'm doing What I'm doing in their patch of grass Well, look at all the comments coming through. How's it going everyone? What are you doing? You're my new friend? Look how gentle they are like you can sit down and um You can sit down on the grass And they just they're just so gentle Especially you. What are you doing? You're more curious than the others You're more curious than the others, aren't you? Hello Hello beautiful You're my friend Are you my friend? I've got kisses Is everyone jealous? You're my friend?  Do you like My live stream with cows? It's kind of sad though because they're already tagged So they're going to a slaughterhouse Sooner or later They're being read for beef looks like How are you mate?  It wasn't gonna try to hurt you Look at that.  Comments just just scooting through your comments Hi Sophia Thanks. What's that for? Oh, okay. Yep. I see Run away with them all. Yeah, I know Beautiful beautiful angel Beautiful angels And all their friends are coming Look how many there is So many aye Uh, what did he beep for? What did he beep? Do you think that the farmer's gonna come and yell at me? For sitting on the grass with the cows? That would be silly if he did I'd be I'd be really surprised if I got in trouble for sitting on some grass with cows Take them with me There's about 200 out there Look, there's like one right down there Like, can you see? I don't know if you can see Just in the bush over here like Really close to the grass Hi ethical vegan. How are you? The guy who beeped made no sense. He only yelled something too like I don't understand that Just relax, relax, mate We're just hanging with cows like it's normal. This is normal behavior This is just normal fun behavior Isn't it? You're my friend. This one here is like Ah, there we go. Is it connected again? Can you guys hear me? See me and hear me? Still? Tell me if you can see me and hear me guys. Oh, I know Can you guys still see me and hear me? Yep. Okay, sweet. Thanks for communicating with me Look at this little angel here.  What should we call you? What should we call you? Who's got ideas for names for this? This angel here What should we call you? Delilah Brownie, I think he's a boy I think these are boys Daisy Larry Oh god Come on guys. You're pretty bad at names I will call you it's really hard to name Animals, you're the only one who wants to stay with me. It's okay.  Well, look at them.   Yeah I think just keep it simple and call them all cows Yeah, I think these are stairs You're more like angels Anyways um Love you all take care. Hope you like that little live stream. These are stairs. Yeah Because they're a bulls our bull hasn't been castrated. I think these are stairs. They've been castrated Um, I think that's how they turn. I don't know Anyways, they're not property. That's for sure well, these ones are A tag to be eaten, but Bye-bye Bye-bye Larry Larry Larry wins for the name Bye. Look at them. They're all getting called back in Goodbye Anyways, I'm just in the English countryside here Thought I'd stop and talk to some animals Animals make me feel amazing I don't know who Mario thinks he's talking to but I don't care about your opinion dude Like I'm sticking sitting in a in a in a field talking to cows. What are you talking about dude? Leave your opinion somewhere else, mate No, you should leave it on a video where actually someone will will value what you're saying dude I'm just look I'm here talking to some animals and sharing it with people Didn't come for a debate dude Much love It came for love came to spread the love for animals all right guys peace How do we All right, you know this is gonna be fun


Hello everybody. I am nice to see many of you. I've worked with many of you in the past, which is very true including Dave And you will forgive me for my clunkiness I have just hit the point in life where I realize I need to wear reading glasses Especially when material is a little far away. So forgive me for Any sort of advertent clunkiness as I talk through the things that I want to share with you today It is a pleasure to be with you And these are topics that are and have been for many years Personal priorities for the work that I've been doing But before I dive into this I want to thank Dave and his many colleagues it into it who we have been working with For at least three years on a variety of topics including savings, but also student loans Income-based repayment plan options. I want to thank Mikhail and her team For working with us really diving into some of the research that I'll talk about with respect to savings And promoting savings through tax time I want to thank Reid who I've been sitting up here an old colleague of mine at New America for hosting this event and Really helping to push really push us Inside our outside policy to just recognize how important it is that we're thinking about building the savings Opportunities not just for the short term, which is I know where a lot of us are very focused But really making sure that we're building the savings opportunities for the long term The gentleman who spoke up earlier. I think made some really important Comments about the wealth inequality and the income inequality and how how I think about it I tend to focus a lot on plumbing issues. How are we making sure that we have plumbing that enables especially our low-income families? Across the country to get the opportunities to build savings and build wealth for the long term So a few things I want to cover with you today and apologies for others who I should be thanking, but I have not the few things that I want to talk about with you today are the work that we have been doing at the Treasury Department and what is a Frankly one of the Treasury Department's top priorities This year and it has been work that I've been involved with for a number of years and that is really around financial access and Financial inclusion. I also want to talk about some of the policy priorities that we have put into the budget Focused on financial inclusion, but also building savings and long-term retirement opportunities And then I want to talk specifically about get right into the meat of what you've been hearing a number of people Allude to or refer to and that is our my array product So let me start with financial inclusion Secretary Liu has made financial inclusion one of our top priorities for 2016 We are really redoubling our efforts in this area Beginning with a conference that we co-hosted with some of you who participated in this room back in December We through that conference that we co-hosted with some of you and as well as USAID are really trying to Use our ability to push the financial services sector to make sure that millions of families have access to Basic financial products and services to help them manage their day-to-day lives as well as to reach their aspirations for the long-term for themselves and their families With that conference we had in leaders from government all over the globe The private sector and nonprofits who were sharing a variety of ideas and approaches For bringing safe and affordable products and services to people all over the globe Those recommendations are helping to inform our work in financial inclusion This year and we do hope that they will continue to inform the work of the Treasury Department and other governments and agencies going forward The fact is financial products, whether it's a transaction account a savings account Credit or an investment opportunity are really the important tools for allowing people to participate in our economy a Financially inclusive marketplace where everyone is able to access those products is critical to mobile ability economic mobility Financial inclusion facilitates human capital development. It creates small business investment and it drives broad middle-class growth Each of these areas is a cornerstone for a healthy and vibrant economy Globally, there is significant commitment to expand financial access again safe and affordable products Among policymakers standard setters the G20 as well as the many financial regulators across the globe As such we think there is real momentum for pushing for innovation by the public and private sector to develop market goods To develop and market financial products and services that can reach the needs of the millions of financially underserved As discussed at our forum in December, we are now in a better position than ever Thanks to technology Thanks to the use of data and the availability of data as well as new business models and new entities Non-banks Technology companies who frankly are helping to make real headway in our financial inclusion efforts Technology-enabled channels like online financial access Mobile money in the global context and these new entities who are engaging in Retail financial services have the potential we believe to bring consumers Greater access to services to better meet their needs again the day-to-day needs as well as their long-term aspirations I think 2016 is going to be an energizing time for this work My office and many offices across the Treasury Department from our office of terrorism financing when you think about Access to accounts and the challenges in terms of IDs that are required to open accounts to our international affairs Department are all committed to making some headway in this area As part of our financial inclusion efforts the administration recently proposed a set of new Initiatives in the fiscal year 2017 budget that was announced earlier this month And you heard congressman Serrano mentioned one of them and that was our our new fund a hundred million dollar fund for a new Treasury-led financial innovation for working families fund Building on the success that we have had with our existing innovation fund and some of you are actually Undertaking some of the projects that we are funding With that initiative we are looking to expand it and to encourage more private sector efforts to develop and pilot new strategies as well as new products to help families and Individuals manage those unexpected financial challenges If appropriated the new fund will support new financial products and strategies to better help consumers cope with unexpected income shocks financial volatility and ultimately the need for rainy-day fund Another important proposal that was included in the budget is a $3.5 billion expansion of the Department of Labor's programs to connect young people with high-quality employment opportunities The proposal will help nearly one million young people get into their first job Throughout the summer through the summer opera employment opportunities, and it will help another hundred and fifty Thousand young people who have been out of school and out of work access paid work As part of this initiative Treasury will coordinate with labor So the participating young people will get an account into which they can receive their paychecks Without unnecessary costs associated with it as well as with money management skills and training opportunities We at Treasury are already working with civic leaders and local organizations as well as national organizations Like the Cities for Financial Empowerment to focus on youth employment and connecting young workers with safe and affordable financial products Just last week acting Assistant Secretary Emmaus Garrity met with the LMA or another local organizations that are conducting important work in this area We also in the budget included a proposal We also included funding a funding proposal to create a safe alternative For small-dollar credit needs This is a ten million dollar proposal for a loan loss reserve fund program That will enable CDFI's to build safe and affordable small-dollar credit options for the individuals that they serve So these and other initiatives will enable Treasury and other federal agencies We believe to help move the needle in terms of providing access to what are affordable and safe financial products and services So now we're here to talk about tax time I want to talk a bit about the MyRA product Which is our relatively new product that we launched at the end of last year That is intended to be helping many of the families who we've been talking about in today's conversations Access a safe affordable Principal protected Savings opportunity to help them begin to build savings for the long term MyRA is an online starter retirement savings account With the flexibility that comes with being designed as a Roth IRA MyRA account holders are able to begin saving for retirement as with any Roth IRA They can access the money they put into the account When needed such as for emergencies and other needs without the penalties typically associated with taking withdrawing those types of monies from investment accounts as you all know well too many Americans have struggled to save not only for the short time for the short term but also for longer term retirement needs and In fact according to the Federal Reserve Board 31% of non-retired Americans have no retirement savings at all and People with inadequate savings are disproportionately younger lower income women and people of color Perhaps the largest barrier to retirement savings is that tens of millions of American workers lack access to workplace sponsored retirement plans a Recent study by Pew found that 42% of workers don't have access to a retirement plan through the workplace The picture is even more troubling as many of you realize for part-time and lower-income workers BLS reported that 63% of part-time Private sector workers have no way to save for retirement through the workplace and only 19% of those with part-time jobs Actually participated in the workplace plans when they were offered Given these challenges and the barriers to retirement savings We have set about over the past few years to design and and we have recently launched the my array account With an eye towards making it possible for more workers to begin saving So I'm going to tick through some of the aspects of the my array which we think and I'm looking forward to hearing your feedback about this I've heard some of it already and looking forward to hearing more but which we think make the my array Especially accessible and appealing to many low and moderate-income families across the country First of all, it is simple Individuals can enroll online in a matter of minutes. They can contribute automatically every payday From not only payroll deduction if they set that up But also from the ability to transfer monies into the my array from an existing account bank account or credit union contributions from their paycheck paychecks Can be contributed from multiple employers so individuals who are working for multiple employers can be routing their resources Or some of their earnings into the my array It does not have to be tied to just one particular employer and at tax time They can give their my array account a boost by saving some or all of that tax refund It's also safe The my array balance carries no risk of losing money and the investment earns interest and is backed by the u.s. Treasury and Since my array is a Roth IRA Savers can withdraw their contributions without the taxes or penalties and Finally, it's affordable There are no cost and no fees to open the my array to maintain the my array or to close the my array Or to roll it over There are no minimum account balances or contribution requirements And so we we have seen individuals participating in the my array account contributing as little as ten dollars a month or ten dollars a paycheck But we also know my array alone can't solve our nation's retirement challenges It does provide though a simple safe and affordable way for people to start to build that savings and to build it for the long term We also know that that this is a hard market to tap into and it's a hard challenge to get in front of the target Individuals who we'd like to see participating in a my array and that's why we think about tax time as being a really prime opportunity To convey the opportunity and the benefits of the product We've been working to get the word out about my array Particularly at key moments when people have the opportunity to make a savings decision And that is when they have resources in hand and can make that contribution to the account And as such we've been doing a lot of work to make my array a part of the tax time experience And I want to thank you all those of you who've been marketing my array and sharing information about the product Especially through the Vita programs We've been very fortunate that the Center for Social Development Into it and Duke University have been collaborating with us on designing and testing ways To embed my array into the tax filing experience and to really try to motivate and find ways to Encourage individuals to open and save in a my array at tax time Over the past two years CSD has added my array to its core refund to savings research Mikhail and her team have designed and administered several experiments for us Which is helping us become wiser in terms of how we are marketing and driving participation in the account CSD has added a series of retirement savings questions to their household financial survey to learn more about tax filers Perceptions and practices around saving for retirement and their interest in and the individual's interest in a flexible starter account like a my array Starting last fall and continuing into the current tax season CSD and into it have tested messages and delivery methods for motivating Filers to learn more about the my array to open the account and to direct to deposit their refund or a portion of it into the account CSD is helping Treasury Testing the effectiveness of sending messages via email and you heard Dave reference What matters in terms of when individuals receive emails do they open it and they've been to embedding information directly Into testing the embedding of information directly into tax software And we are testing the impacts of different my array messages to determine how to motivate tax filers For example, we've tested messages that present my array as a simple safe and affordable and free Retirement account and we tested other messages that highlight the flexible rules that allow savers to access their my array savings when it's needed and Among the most interesting strategies being tested encourages filers to open and save in their my array and it messages around how that savings could help them become eligible for claiming the savers credit and Thus reducing their tax liability or essentially increasing the amount of their tax refund That research is underway now and I am being careful not to get ahead of the research Team and discussing the findings. However, I can tell you the insights that we are gleaning from the CSD's research Is invaluable to how we are mapping out our next steps with the my array product? CSD's tax time research is helping us better understand the potential for tax time funding And it's also raising our awareness of the need for more strong research and examination of the promises and the means of Marketing and driving participation in the my array accounts. I know many of you have suggestions and ideas for helping to make my array more Available at tax time and I'm looking forward to hearing those We are looking forward to continuing to work with the Vita community as well as the professional tax preparers To leverage that tax time moment to drive savings in this type of an account So in closing I want to stress again that Treasury is fully focused on financial inclusion And we plan to make headway on this topic over the remainder of the administration The president's recent budget proposals include important initiatives that we think can help to move the needle as Will our work on my array and retirement savings? There is no doubt about it tax time We all recognize this is a powerful opportunity to help families manage their expenses Save and build their financial assets for the long term Opportunities such as this refund to savings event We know are critical for sharing information learning from each other and Incorporating that into whether it's product design or policy design So thank you all for coming together and for the sponsors for sponsoring this event I'm happy to take a few questions and also hear some feedback about my array or other topics not a one How many of you in the room have been marketing or informing others about my array at tax time those of you who were Thank You Gail at CFPB very important partners to us So I should back up how many of you are familiar with my array Okay, so why aren't you marketing at tax time? No genuinely Failure to communicate I see some folks showing up with questions. So looking forward to getting them Good afternoon. I'm Jamelea Abranson with the university neighborhood housing program, and we are a vital site We've been promoting my array to tax filers and more generally to our Participants in our other programs financial coaching workshops Small business owner daycare providers, but I have a question as far as like enrolling participants And making sure that if their employer already offers something similar a 401k or 403b Can they participate in my array or their limitations with that? and How to help them overcome those issues because my array is very simple But then the the product they may already have is not as simple So we want to make sure that they can have the option of both. That's a great question and thank you for asking it We want to make it very clear in our messages and hopefully the messages That you all are conveying to individuals that participating in an employer-sponsored Employer-offered plan which may often come with a match to those contributions is is a real Opportunity for really sort of building your long-term savings of retirement nest egg There is no prohibition. However for somebody who Wants to open a my array and who already has an employer-sponsored plan to Participate in the my array you can't participate in both and You can imagine circumstances if somebody has the resources to contribute to both plans or both products to take advantage Of the my array because of the flexibility that comes with a Roth structure So for instance when we were building out the my array I have to say are we still have press in the room because I really I think it's helpful to have these conversations But I also want to be careful about how much I offer up But when we were building out the my array and thinking about how we were going to market it and What was the real need and the opportunity we talked with many large employers? This is over the past couple of years Who have retirement plans those plans may or may not have been available? especially for the part-time employees or for the individuals who may be in that one year sort of Employments period before they're eligible to participate in the in the retirement plan that the employer offers What we did here in those conversations with those employers however was that they were seeing a lot of their employees All the way up the income Spectrum basically making hardship withdrawals and Taking out loans against those retirement plan opportunities, and there are real costs associated with that So you can imagine how if someone has a resources to continue to participate in maximize that match from the employer But then also has the my array opportunity, which has more flexibility So long as you're only withdrawing your contributions that that could be a way to essentially help to protect that longer-term retirement option for People who have that opportunity so you can participate in both, but it sounds like you are smartly being cautious about how you're coaching people To make sure they're taking advantage of the employer option Good afternoon. So this is similar to the topic about capitalizing on that moment when the person comes in. Yeah This is more of a I guess a vital question, but on the tax-wise program when we're entering things in vita. Yeah We asked them if they want to do direct deposit into an account if they'd like to open an IRA or something like that and Dave I believe mentioned in into it being able to split your allotments of your refund into different accounts Is treasury maybe not where you are but in IRS looking at maybe finessing tax-wise in a way that we could Deposit some of the refund into their savings some into that checking and maybe some into something like my alright great question we have Modified the instructions around form 88 88 so that my array is recognized in those instructions It does not however get down to the specific where it I think it says help me here Dave It says savings account Doesn't say retirement account. It's just the savings are checking You have the three different allotment options. It doesn't say my array there, but the instructions themselves Should by the way, I haven't checked this myself, but we were working towards this In the instructions explain that my array is an option for splitting the refund as For embedding the ability to split and making it apparent in the tax software We are having conversations with the tax preparation industry about building in those options for essentially It would be seamless for the consumer or ideally seamless for the consumer But their ability to open the account literally as they are filing their taxes I think this may you may have already spoken to it, but what would you like to see is the what's it? Oh I'm Tim Flacke from D2D fund What's the ideal form of connection between my array and tax time? You know if you had full license is what you just described kind of where you would like it to end up Or do you have other plans at Treasury or fantasies about how it might be linked together? I think we are very excited about the opportunity to integrate my array into The tax filing process and you can see how that could happen a few different ways one is obviously the integration as I just talked about with the tax preparation software companies another would be a Probably a longer-term venture, but a back-end system where the ability is embedded in literally the filing process administered by the IRS But I think we will make significant headway, and I think for the consumer experience What percentage of consumers are using professional tax preparers? I mean it's 50 60 right exactly You Can imagine for them the consumer experience if we were to sufficiently cover the market in terms of commercial tax preparers many Including those who we care about and we're talking about today Would be getting that integrated experience and frankly wouldn't know the difference whether it was an IRS integration or the commercial tax preparation integration Okay Thank you all it's great to share what we're doing


Hello and welcome back to session 7 on Quality Control and Improvement using Minitab. So, we are trying to see tools that are used in quality for visualization, data visualization like that. So, some of the tools we have already discussed in previous sessions and today we will highlight some more additional techniques which are used in quality and which has an interface in Minitab. So, what we are doing in the last session is that we are discussing about cause and effect diagram. So, let us go to that and try to try to recap what we have seen last time. So, one of the thing that we mentioned over here in cause and effect diagram is that all are potential cause over here ok. So, there are 5 m's and 1 e's over here. So, environment is one of the another important aspects which is not shown over here. So, some of the causes and sub causes may not be present in certain scenarios, it depends on what type of problem we are addressing like that. Here we can see is that man, material, methods, machines, measurements, so personal means man over here. So, in this case, so 5 m's are present over here, but environment is not so prominent over here. So, there is no as such environmental influence which is creating defects in the tank like that. So, these are the what we are seeing over here, these are the causes and these are the and these within every type of cause what we can say is x over here and these are the sub causes what we can see defectives from supplier can lead to defects on the tank like that. So, this is basically why we can think of and these are the x 1, x 2's like that variables and within that sub variables we can think of. So, x 2, x 3 over here, so this we can think about x. So, within x there can be potential sub variables, so x 1, 1 like this, x 1, 2 like this, so x 1, 3. So, for a given cause can there can be sub causes also. So, many have as an option to add sub causes also, sub sub causes also like that ok. So, there are 5 m's and 1 e's like that. So, and all these causes what we are mentioning over here is basically we can think about these are potential cause that that means that there are evidence or either from empirical relationship what we have seen by scatter plots or something like that or maybe theoretically there are some relationship that exist like that from literature we can figure out those things like that. So, before we identify all potential causes much brainstorming is required to identify potential causes because we have to eliminate the causes or minimize the effect of the causes basically. So, that defects on the tank can be reduced, so which is the CTQ what we want to reduce and so how do we do it in Minitab? So, let me just illustrate in Minitab how we are doing that. So, for that I will take some examples which we have already hypothetical examples over here which is taken from book and here what we can see is that these are the dimensions. So, 5 m's and 1 e's over here and the sub causes for these are highlighted over here. So, this is in excel sheet what we can do is that we can just copy paste this one to Minitab worksheet. So, our worksheet that we are using was named as visual data like that and we will place it over here and so we will copy this one causes and sub causes like that. So, here we will just copy paste this one over here and whenever we have done that we are ready with the use of Minitab. So, what we can do is that we can just save this one save worksheet and replace the earlier one so that this data is saved like that. So, we want to replace yes I want to replace this one. So, this data gets saved over here and what we will do is that we will go to now we want to use draw this diagrammatically and try to see and so in this case what we go what we do is that stat over here and then go to quality tools and there is a cause and effect option over here click cause and effect over here and then there will be causes mentioned over. So, if you have not mentioned this one so it will be blank like this whenever you start this one and effect will also be blanked over here which you can title like that. So, you have to just click this one in personal personal means man so in this case and then you have to identify where you have saved that one which is related to man over here. So, I have saved in C33 columns like that so I will highlight that one then second one I will highlight the next one so machines. So, then I will highlight the third one materials where are the sub causes like that so methods. So, then again I will go to methods over here then measurement over here. So, I will I will highlight measurements over here and the final one is environmental issues that is considered over here. So, effect is let us say that defect is defective items that is being produced like that so you can just name it this is hypothetical. So, effect is y y category over here so we can say some forms of defects like that which is creating defective items like that. So, title you can always give let us say cause and effect diagram or something like that C and IE or something like that. So, I click ok over here and immediately what will happen is that you will get a cause and effect diagram with titles and all. So, if you see and maximize this one you will find that different categories are given over here. So, you can just change the font size over here and these are the categories that is already identified. So, immediately this is like a fish bone what you can see is that defective items are produced which is in red and these are the sub causes which is leading to this one. So, these sub causes we need to see and try to minimize the effects of this. So, if there is a problem with alloy we need to monitor and we need to experiment and try to figure out which is the best alloy that does not produce any defects like that. So, this comes under experimentation like that. So, we have to our objective is to create cause and effect diagram. So, I know what are the potential cause which is creating the failures and then we try to block those causes or minimize the effect of those causes like that. So, may have gives you an option to draw the cause and effect diagram which I wanted to illustrate over here, ok. So, then what we have is that so the cause and effect diagram. So, then another important tools sometimes we use whether it is quality management whether it is lean management like that. So, some of the things that comes into our mind is that process flow diagram. So, one important aspects is process flow diagram over here, ok. So, what is required is that to identify where the problem is what we do is that we try to draw the flow diagrams of the process. So, this is a hypothetical example where we are seeing that credit card processing, bill processing like that. So, how it goes to the client and billing is done and internally billing processing is done and then it goes to the client end like that. So, there can be mistakes and any of the sub processes like that. So, what you see is that this is information that is received then client folder is located over here. So, then updated client folder over here. So, these are some information sheets over here, buyer information sheets like that. So, then update on clients like that and send the billing statement like that. This is one of the hypothetical way there can be processes and sub processes like that. So, this can be process one, process two, process three like that. So, all our processes over here. So, these are sub processes that leads to final billing statement over here. So, any problem in the billing statement can be can happen and any of the sub processes like that due to any mistakes in the sub process like that. So, over here also we can we can just draw the cause and effect diagram for this and we can figure out what are the sub causes over here. So, maybe by ignorance we have done this and that is due to manpower or somebody who is supervising the things or who is coding the information like that in the database like that. So, that can happen like that. So, then there can be other reasons like over here methods, machines, materials, it may not be manufacturing, it may be service processes also. So, you can draw cause and effect diagram in various processes like that. Here it is inaccuracy in submission of the bills to the client like that, how much we can be accurate like that, what can go wrong basically those are the causes we want to block those causes like that. So, whenever I have a process flow diagram immediately what I can do is that what are the failure, failure chance where it can fail basically. So, those things are the causes and we want to block those causes. So, everywhere manufacturing service everywhere cause and effect diagram is required and also we make a rough flow diagram over here we try to draw a flow diagram. Minitab does not have any option to draw the flow diagram like that. So, you can explore other softwares where flow diagram can be drawn like that. So, maybe smart draw is one of the option where we can draw flow diagrams like that and because that makes a visual impact and immediately people try to identify with the within that n number of sub processes where something can go wrong and which is leading to inaccuracy in submission of the billing to the clients like that. So, so, Minitab interface we have seen that how to use cause and effect diagram. So, we will come to a different topics and we will try to see what are the other things we need to know primarily before we go into quality control and improvement. So, you see the data that I am representing over here a secondary data which is known as secondary data somebody else has generated that one I am just using those data those are known as secondary data like that. Primary data what I actually collect as a quality engineer or quality professionals like that from the process directly I rely on this. So, this is the primary data source like that and this is the most authentic data which is used for analysis any kind of analysis. So, we need primary data which is collected by me ok. Sometimes secondary data does not make much sense because the information that is required or related to a process may not be available in secondary data like that which may be of primary focus for my research or any other analysis or projects like that. So, we believe on primary data. So, whenever I am generating primary data can come from various sources actual observations, survey questionnaires like that and maybe experimentation what we talked about like design of experimentation which is basically done by me when I am trying to improve your process. So, systematic variation inducing variability and then trying to see what is the effect on why like that. So, on CTQs like that ok. So, these are primary information primary data information which is collected. So, always believe on primary data source for any quality control and improvement ok. Secondary data is not so much reliable when we are talking about quality control and improvement. So, you have to go to the process collect the data and information and then act on that data based on the data analysis you act on that. So, make some inference make some decision and act on that. So, that is the objective. So, it can be primary or secondary. So, we are talking about primary data source that on which analysis is done when we talk about quality control and improvement ok. Another important aspect is that whenever I have told about cause and effect diagram. So, we can we can think of various how to handle those causes because I want to minimize the effect of the causes or I want to eliminate those causes like that. So, so, whenever I have a single cause in that case very easy to solve this is not realistic one, but there can be only one cause which is creating defects like that. So, there can be one cause and if we have to go to the root cause over here. So, if you have to go to the root cause over here. So, what can be done is that we can use 5 y analysis 5 y 5 times like that and we come to the root cause like that. So, this is quite easy and this can be done. So, I ask a question why this is happening then subsequently I ask again why this is this is the reason why that is also happening like that. So, like this I come to the root cause and then I eliminate the cause like that or minimize the cause like that. So, this is impractical scenarios where only one cause is leading to defects in CTQs like that and there can be scenario when we have multiple causes, but the there may be they are independent basically. So, they can be independent causes which is basically independent. So, this type of scenario so, when they are independent. So, what happens is that there is little interference between the causes like that they are very independent like that and in that case what analysis quality quality tools is used over here is known as failure mode and effect analysis. So, if it is done in the design stage it is known as design failure mode and effect analysis and if it is done on the process stage when it is conformance stage when we are just implementing these those things and try to see the CTQ effect like that in the process. So, that is known as process failure mode and effect analysis. So, failure mode and effect analysis is to try to minimize the effect of the causes or maybe eliminate those causes occurrence of those causes like that. So, that is failure mode and effect analysis we will discuss something some briefly about this failure mode and effect analysis which is an important tool in quality. So, but you have to remember that all these causes what we are trying to address over here are mostly independent like that. So, one does not influence the other one like that. So, if I take corrective action on one that does not impact the other causes like that. So, or there is no relationship between cause 1, cause 2 and cause 3 or very minimal interface like that. But scenarios this is also sometimes impractical like that, but nowadays they are trying to make modular design. So, in that case it becomes easier to handle those things. So, in that case sometimes this design failure mode effect analysis is quite efficient to handle the or minimize the defects or defective items like that. So, this is a causes. So, scenario design scenario should be like this. So, all are independent whenever something goes wrong. So, I can just replace that one. So, immediately a modular type of designs like that. So, minimum interplay between the causes like that. So, that is the most favorable scenario, but scenario may not be like that where scenario may be most typically like this cause 1, cause 2, cause 3 and cause 4 where there is a fair amount of interaction that means one they together act on the wise like that. So, there is a interaction between cause 1, cause 2, cause 3 like that cause 4 and there is a complex scenario what we are seeing in this and then eliminating the cause becomes very difficult or minimizing the effect of the cause becomes very difficult. So, there is a interplay between the causes over here. So, there is a interplay between the x variables over here and that can impact the y over here. So, if that is the scenario when multiple x are interacting with each other. So, in this case scenario is not so simple, this needs to be addressed in a different way. So, when we when we are facing such kind of scenario mostly what we will see is that we need design of experiments for that to deal with that one. So, there are three ways we can deal with this one is y y analysis if the causes are single causes like that and we can address that one or maybe we can use failure mode and effect analysis when the causes are mostly independent like that. And the third one maybe when interplay is there we use design of experiments or statistical experimentation to minimize the effect of the cause like that or set the set the factor x where we are what we are mentioning over here in such a level so that we get the best delivery on y or CTQs like that ok. So, these are the different ways. So, let me try to just briefly talk about failure mode and effect analysis. What is failure mode and effect analysis? How it is used in design quality of design. So, if I have to improve the quality of design. So, in that case this is a typical example what was taken water data system for any residential homes like that. So, and so within the water data system there can be thermostat what you can see over here. So, there is a thermostat which controls the temperature basically ok. So, and it can fail it can also fail like that ok. So, then there will be a potential failure mode of this item or thermostat which is within the or component which is within the system water data systems like that. So, there can be multiple components like that and every components can fail every components can fail. So, if it fails that in which way it will fail basically potential failure mode this is potential failure mode over here. So, failure mode maybe it is not reacting. So, I am taking one example over here which is thermostat and fails to react to temperature rise like that. So, this is the potential failure mode ok. So, if this happens if this happens failure happens and it does not react to the temperature what we will have what is the effect on the system what is the effect on the system. So, temperature water temperature will rise water turns to steam this can be the two possibilities like that. So, one failure mode can lead to two effects like that. So, it is the effect one and effect two like this. So, this can be potential failure modes we can think of and then we can think of that there can be one effect and there can be two effects like that. So, there can be sub effects like this for a potential failure mode. So, failure mode and effect one and effect two like this. So, there can be multiple effects for a single failure mode like that ok. So, anyway, so we are talking about potential effect of the failure. So, whenever there is a failure mode and there is a effect on the whole system like that it will affect the system basically and whenever there is a failure it should be because of some causes over here. So, I have just identified hypothetically one of the cause non-functional thermostat basically. So, this can be. So, what I am trying to say is that there is a potential failure that can happen because of certain reasons like that and then which that reason may be of several causes that may be of several causes like that. So, one failure mode can be for various reasons why this has happened because of various various failure possibilities, failure causes various causes of causes are there which leads to such kind of failure basically. So, there can be multiple access like cause and effect diagram what we are saying. Say effect is basically a failure mode over here and x are the causes what we can think of over here. So, in this case cause 1 cause 2 up to cause n what we can see like that ok. And then every cause when we are trying to draw the Pareto what we have seen is that there can be different reasons for failures of the systems like that. So, some of the some of the reasons may be very frequently arising like that when I draw the Pareto which is appearing frequently and there can be scenarios like which is not occurring so frequently like that. So, cause every cause will have some frequency of occurrence like that ok. There is evidence that it will happen. So, because of this reason and that is why I am considering this in the in the failure mode and effect analysis. So, this is the basic format what we what you will find in failure mode and effect analysis. There will be item over here potential failure modes potential effects will be identified on the system and all the components like that and potential cause will be identified there can be multiple causes and for each cause what is the occurrence frequency that also that will also be noted down like that. So, is it very frequent is it not. So, here it is written remote possibility that is rarely this type of cause occurs like that. So, occurrence probability or something like that we can think of. So, cause occurrence over here if this is the cause is there any detection method that we have to detect failure because of this cause like that. So, detection method that is being followed over here and which will indicate that because this is a cause because of that. So, failure has happened like that. So, this is the reason basically. So, do I have a detection methods like that? So, is it in place? So, do we have that one or there is no detection method to identify this cause ok. So, and then recommended action in case it fails. So, what is the recommended design control that we have already mentioned already already in place in the design like that. So, these are the recommended control action. In case it fails and because of this cause then what action do we taken like that. So, what is important is that failure mode and severity of this which is the effect how much severe it is. So, that that that is also important how much severe it is and then what are the causes of that because if it is very severe we have to take action. We have to block those causes which is creating this failure mode basically ok. Then for every cause what is the frequency of that that also we we need to identify. Then what we can think of is there any detection method to identify if there is a failure because of this cause is there any detection method. Then accordingly we have a recommendation for that. So, this is what we do in basically a failure mode and effect analysis and there are different formats for this doing this one. So, if you go to NNHC we will find that design failure mode and effect analysis format will be there. So, potential failure mode you can see over here and items is mentioned over here. Potential effect of failure what I mentioned will be mentioned over here and severity of this failure that means this is very severe harmful to the society or it is mild effects that we have in the process like that or in the or in the or where I am using this particular environment where. So, severity in a scale of 1 to 10 they gives and there is a guideline to give the severity also ok. Then class of problem very critical like that. So, they may use some symbols like that if it is very critical. So, this type of failure mode is very critical like that. So, severity will be high basically. So, if the failure mode and effect is effects on the mankind is very high. So, in that case severity rating will be very high like that. So, these things are rated in a scale of 1 to 10 let us say severity rating what we are seeing and then potential causes over here cause will be written for a failure mode. So, one failure mode we have identified let us say and there can be because of c1 and c2, c1 occurrence rating will also be given over here. If it is very frequently occurring this type of cause we can give it a rating of 10. So, here also a rating of 1 to 10 will be used over here and then is there any way to detect these causes over here. So, again detection for every causes will be given over here. So, in this case so failure mode severity of this will be written over here severity one of this for failure mode. So, this is in a scale of 1 to 10 then occurrence of each of this cause will be given over here and detection. So, if I can detect immediately that rating will be less. So, if I can detect and but if I do not have in design control over here and I cannot detect those cause directly goes to the customer. So, in that case rating will be high. So, it may be rated as 10 over here. So, this is 10 severity occurrence also in a scale of 1 to 10 like that and this is 1 to 10 like that 0 is not included over here. So, because what we will do is that we calculated risk priority number out of this. So, this was started in 1949 I think approximately that time point US military force was using this one then NASA has used this one in 60s around 60s then automotive industry action groups who develop this AI AG which who develops also this QS 9000 quality system 9000 for automotive industry like ISO 9000 system they have developed initially and there they have given this format what you can see over here. So, this is this is the generic format that they have recommended over here and then they calculate a risk priority number for a given cause over here. So, the risk priority number will be calculated. So, I want to prioritize. So, what they will do is that they will multiply severity with occurrence with detection over here and that gives a risk priority number over here. So, for every cause there will be a risk priority number like that. So, risk priority number for cause 1, risk priority number for cause 2 like that. So, for a given failure mode for a given failure mode and then they will rank all this priority numbers like that. So, then based on that they will take corrective actions like that and redo the FMEA. So, every time you make some improvements, recalculate severity will not change, occurrence will reduce if you take some corrective action and detection will improve if you improve the detection in that case your score will go down. So, if the frequency of occurrence of the cause goes down the score will go down and if you have a strong detection over here. So, in this case we will go down also. Then a risk priority number will also go down like that. So, this is risk priority number, every company decide what should be the cutoff for risk priority number like that before they take the action. So, what they will do is that they will do a Pareto analysis of this risk priority number of each of this cause and they will do a Pareto over here. So, top risk priority number. So, maybe for cause one is very important cause two and cause three, we have risk priority numbers and then we will tackle this first because this is very critical and the risk priority number is very high maybe greater than 120 what we are getting. So, this we have to consider over here. So, generally risk priority number more than certain cutoff let us say 100 or 120 like that we will take corrective actions like that. So, this can be severity in a scale of 1 to 10. So, what I am telling over here, this will be also 1 to 10. So, maximum score you can get 10 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 10. But this does not happen generally we have some detection possibilities of this. So, in this case priority numbers can change. So, this. So, then severity how do we give severity ratings like that there are guidelines if it is very hazardous like that and appears without warning the effect is very hazardous and it will not give any indication to the customer. So, it will happen immediately like break failures or something like that it is hazardous like that. So, rating will be 10. So, severity rating will be 10 like that. And severity rating will not change for a potential failure mode. So, that is severity rating then occurrence how frequently this cause is coming like that. So, if you are taking if you have blocked that cause and occurrence you can reduce like that here also very high frequency of occurrence is very high this type of cause is coming several times. So, rating will be high. So, in this case and if detection method is not strong for this cause what will happen again ranking will be 10. So, so the minimum score is 1 and maximum score is 1000 what we can think of. So, this is 1000 maximum and minimum is 1. So, it cannot be any of this cannot be 0 like that. So, there is a risk priority number what we get out of that ok. So, this is design failure it can be done in design stage also it can be done in process stage also. So, whenever process in a place we want to improve that one and we want to block the cause. So, also we do process FME we do process FME. So, if you go to a company and quality control departments or quality assurance departments what you will find that they have a failure mode effect analysis and design if you go to a design where design department they are also you can find design failure mode effect analysis is being done. So, a general guideline is given if you want to see guideline is given in this QS 9000. So, so those things you can see around 1982 this was proposed like that. So, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler. So, they develop this one and they have developed given a framework to do failure mode and effect analysis in design stage and process stage like that. So, that can be followed as a guideline and this priority number can be prioritized and then accordingly which cost to be tackled first which cost to be taken second like that we can prioritize that one. How do you block the cost and how do you minimize the effect of the cost like that in the design or in the process like that ok. So, there is another important techniques that we will discuss in which is used in design basically is robust design the concept of robust design. What happens in robust design is basically when this was in 1980 when this came into highlight. So, Taguchi is one of the engineer who developed this concept of robust design and what was observed is that TV is manufacturing Japan Sony same company manufacturing Japan is for better than manufacturing in US. So, variability of the process when it is in Japan. So, you see variability is less over here as compared to which is manufactured in Sony. So, this is the specification let us say upper specification and this is the lower specification limit of the products like that. So, variation is too much over here when US products are developed. So, this is for a specific CTQ over here and in that case what was observed is that maybe picture clarity over here which is color density or something like that which was monitored at that time point and recorded. And that this is that the CTQ is variability is very high for US and for Japan it is very less like that people are buying Japan and because of this behavior what is what you can see. So, picture clarity it is always hitting the target value with minimum variability like that. So, that was happening and that is why so people are buying more TVs from Japan like that. So, then why this was happening analysis was done. So, in that case what was seen is that this noise variable is impacting basically outcomes of the process CTQs like that. So, then a concept of robust design came into in quality methodology like that. So, this was implemented in design stage also and in process stage like that. So, here interplay between these controllable variables and the uncontrollable variables what you see over here. So, interplay between this was used and still used nowadays also to get the best outputs like that although I cannot control the uncontrollable variables over here I do not have options to do that one. So, but what I can do is that I can always minimize the effect of that. So, that is the concept of robust design what we will discuss afterwards also. So, concept is hit the target and with minimum variability hit the target. So, mean and variance of the mean and variance both are important. So, this is in the design experimentation emphasize that both has to be mean should be in target and variability should be minimum and in one go I should do this. In one go I should not do it that first I adjust the mean and then I do the variability adjustment like that. So, let us find out setting conditions like that. Let us do it together and immediately one setting and with minimum experimentation let us figure out that variation will be less for the CTQ even in presence of noise variable which is uncontrollable variable like that that is known as robust design and this concept is very popular although it is controversial, but still people are using this in design phase you go to any car industry they may be implementing this one. This may be used in screening experimentation also before we implement we do full-fledged experimentation or response surface designs like that. So, this can be used for a screening factor screening also. So, that we will discuss afterwards at the end of the course ok. So, history says that history of quality management if you are just highlighting which are the key concepts that was developed at this which are the key things that has happened. So, 1923 approximately around that that time point Ronald Fisher developed this design of experiments. 1924 she wore developed the control charts 1930 these are the milestone achieved like that acceptance sampling I told that that cannot reduce variability, but that was developed 1930 and still people are using in processes for supplier products when they are supplying to the to your company what type of plans to you do you implement. So, acceptance sampling plan is there. So, ok. So, then 1950 around Ishakov I discussed about cause and effect diagram, 60 around zero defects concept crossbease zero defects concept came into existence. So, I want to minimize the defects like that 80 Taguchi what I told is the robust design concept was popularized at the time point although he started the work around 50. So, 87 ISO 9000 or which was taken from the concepts of total quality management that came into that gives a guideline to the industry and companies or organizations how do we implement quality philosophies like that in your organization like that and what are there will be some 8 principles based on which this ISO 9000 was built like that. So, 1987 8 principles of TQM so, that was used to develop this one. So, this is ISO 9000 and there are certifications. So, if you are a ISO certified company you some of the your client may be willing that may be willing to see that certification whether you are ISO certified or not, but many organization may not prefer to get this they may be needing some other certification like that. But this is in European organization mostly they asked for this ISO 9000 certification. So, this was revised in 1984 87 it was first started ISO 9000 1987 version then 1994 and currently maybe 2015 was the latest version like that. So, this is an international organization for standardization which has implemented this one. Then Six Sigma was developed 86 to 89 like that and lean Six Sigma philosophy also came into existence at that time point. So, Motorola started this concept of Six Sigma like that. So, we will discuss some aspects of this also and 2000 I told revision of ISO 9000 2008 to another revision came 2015 is the fifth edition of ISO 9000 that is I can these are the milestones what we can think of there can be many more like this, but I have just highlighted some of them. So, we will we will stop here discussion at this time point and we will start with control aspects from the subsequent classes. So, I hope you have understood the basic concept. So, failure mode and effect analysis you can see many books are there on failure mode effect analysis, but what is important is that severity occurrence and detection. So, that gives you a risk priority number, but that is that also I mentioned that this can only be used when we have causes which are very independent from other causes. So, then that is a key idea what I want to emphasize over here. So, cause and effect diagram is very important tool in quality and then Pareto diagram is also important to prioritize risk priority number what we have mentioned like that and based on that we will take some corrective recommended actions like that. So, then robust design is also used in quality of design like that. So, these are all things which you can think of in quality of design what generally people follows and some of the quality tools which are also used in this quality of design and then we will subsequently start with next sessions we will start with quality of conformance ok. So, let us stop over here and continue in our next class session 8 on quality of conformance with quality using Minitab ok. So, thank you for listening, we will again start in session 8. Thank you.