Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we shall discuss the following question. And the question says that form equations for the following statements. First, think of a number. If I add 2 to the number, I will get 5. Second, in our rectangle, the length is 4 times the breadth. Third, there are men, women and children in a party. The number of women is equal to the number of men and the number of children is 3 times the number of men. We know that in our system, independent variables are taken as inputs which can be given specific values 3D And dependent variables are the variables that are determined by other variables in the expression. Or we can say that their values depend on the values of the independent variables. With this key idea, let us proceed to the solution. From the question, we need to write the equations for the given statements. And the first statement is think of a number. If I add 2 to the number, I will get 5. Here according to the statement, we have to think of a number which have variable values. So we suppose the number is x. Now I have to add 2 to this number so that I get 5. That means if x is the number and I add 2 to it, I get 5. This implies that x is the number and by adding 2 to it, we get 5. And here we have the required linear equation in one variable. Now the second statement is a rectangle, the length is 4 times the breadth. From the key idea, we know that independent variables are taken as inputs which can be given specific values freely. And the dependent variables are the variables that are determined by other variables in the expression. Here we can see that the length of the rectangle depends on the breadth of the rectangle. Let the length of the rectangle be x which will be the dependent variable. And the breadth of the rectangle be y which will be the independent variable. Now here we have a rectangle where x is the length of the rectangle and y is the breadth of the rectangle. And we are given that the length of the rectangle is 4 times the breadth of the rectangle. Then the length will be equal to 4 into breadth that is length which is denoted by x will be equal to 4 into breadth which is denoted by y. So we have x is equal to 4 y which is the required equation. And the third given statement is there are men, women and children in a party. The number of women is equal to the number of men and the number of children is 3 times the number of men. Here we see that the number of women and the number of children depend on the number of men. So let the number of men in the party be x which is the independent variable. Let the number of women be y and the number of children be z where y and z are dependent variables. And we are given that the number of women is equal to the number of men and the number of children is 3 times the number of men. Now suppose if there are 2 men then there will be 2 women as the number of men is equal to the number of women. And if there are 2 men then the number of children will be 6 as the number of children is 3 times the number of men as 2 into 3 is equal to 6. So we can write y that is the number of women is equal to x that is the number of men and z that is the number of children is equal to 3 times the number of men that is 3 into x. So we can say y is equal to x and z is equal to 3x are the required equations. This completes our session hope you enjoyed this session.


It happens every 6 months. Every April and every October we get a new release of Ubuntu, and Canonical just recently announced the release of Ubuntu 23.10, codenamed Mantic Minotaur. I'm going to go ahead and download the ISO for Ubuntu 23.10, I'm going to run through a quick installation and do a first look, and I'm going to highlight some of what has changed in this latest release of Ubuntu 23.10. So I've created a virtual machine here, I've given this virtual machine 6 eggs of RAM, I've given it two threads of my 24 thread threadripper CPU. One thing to note about Ubuntu 23.10, this is one of the interim releases of Ubuntu, meaning it's not a long term support release. So the interim releases, you're expected to run for about 6 months, and then 6 months later when the next release of Ubuntu is released, you move to that release of Ubuntu. So you only get up to 9 months of support with the interim releases, so that's something to be aware of should you choose to install 23.10 on physical hardware. So I'm going to go ahead and boot into the live environment and run through an install, and it boots us into a live environment the installer automatically launches for us. This is the new Ubuntu installer, their Flutter based installer that hasn't been around, but for a couple of versions now. In the old days, of course, Ubuntu had the ubiquity installer that they used for many, many years, but they recently created this new installer that does have some interesting features to it. So let's go through it. So first you need to choose your language, English is the default, and that's correct for me, so I'm just going to click next. Next is install Ubuntu or try Ubuntu. So try Ubuntu just closes the installer and you can play around in the live environment. I want to run through a proper installation, so I'll click next, and then we need to choose our keyboard layout. English US is correct for me, so let me go ahead and click next on that. And then finally, I need to choose whether I'm going to be using a wired connection, Ethernet, which in my case is correct, or if I'm going to use Wi-Fi. And then what apps would you like to install to start with? So this is a change, so by default, you now have a default installation that what is essentially the old minimal installation option. So in previous versions of Ubuntu, you had the standard installation that was a full suite of desktop applications, and then you had a separate minimal installation option, which is a bare bones kind of just a few basic apps, but it didn't come with the office suite or the audio player, the video player, your photo manager and all those extra applications. Well the default option now is actually what was the old minimal option.  For me, I'm going to choose the default installation, then you have other options, install third party software for graphics and Wi-Fi. So this is proprietary drivers needed for your graphics card. For example, if you have an Nvidia card, you really need to tick that on. If you're doing this on a laptop, you also really need to tick this on because chances are your Wi-Fi chip in your laptop needs a proprietary driver in order to work. So unless you have some reason not to turn that on, pretty much everybody should tick this box. The next option, download and install support for additional media format. So this is proprietary multimedia codecs again, pretty much everybody should tick that on just so you have all the needed multimedia codecs for, you know, Blu-ray playback and things like that. And then go ahead and click the next button. Now we come to the partitioning of our drives. Do we want to erase the disk and just give the entire virtual drive and this virtual machine over to Ubuntu? Yes, that's what I'm going to do. But if you wanted to, you could also choose a manual partitioning option and manually partition the drive yourself. We do have this advanced features option here. And this is new for this version of Ubuntu is they have added back the experimental ZFS option. So if you wanted to use ZFS for your file system, you can. For me, I'm not going to enable that. I'm just going to go with their default, which is the extend for file system. And I'm going to go ahead and click next. Next it's showing me the drive that it's going to partition. It's going to partition VDA is the name of the drive. That's the virtual hard drive in this VM. And you can say it's going to create two partitions VDA one and VDA two VDA one is probably going to be a swap VDA two is the extend for file system, which is mounted to root. So I'm going to go ahead and click the install button. While that's installing, it looks like we can pick our time zone. It is correctly chosen the central time zone in the US for me, probably based off of some geolocation. So I'll click next on that. Then we need to enter our username and password. I'm going to call my user DT. If you want to, you can create a host name for the computer or one is automatically generated for us. I'm going to change that to Ubuntu dash vert for the host name of this computer. And then I want to create a strong and complicated password for my DT user and then confirm the strong and complicated password and then require password to log in. That is ticked on by default. I strongly suggest you leave that ticked on by default. You should always have to enter a password to get into a computer just for privacy reasons. You also have the option to use active directory. I don't know anything about active directory. I'm not going to tick that on. I think that's a windows kind of thing or something. I don't really don't know what active directory is. Kind of a noob in that proprietary Windows software world. Haven't used windows in so many years. Next up, we can go ahead and set our default theme. By default, it's a light theme. I prefer a dark theme. So I'm going to choose the dark theme. We can go ahead and choose our accent color. By default, it's the traditional orange accents that Ubuntu uses. I'll leave that as the default for now. And I'll click next. And you can see it's installing the system. Now, this portion of the installer typically takes about five to 10 minutes on my system. So I'm going to pause the video. I'm going to go grab me a cup of coffee. I'll be back once Ubuntu 23.10 has finished installing. And the installation finished while I was making my cup of coffee. So that was very quick. Probably took about five minutes. I've gone ahead and rebooted the machine to finish the installation. And we come to the login manager. So I'm going to go ahead and click on the DT user. And if I move my head out of the way, we do have the cog wheel down here. And if I click on it, you can see we're using the Ubuntu desktop, which is GNOME on Wayland. That is the default for this interim release, Ubuntu 23.10. But you still have Ubuntu on Xorg as an option if you need it. You may need it, especially if you have an Nvidia card. You may want to choose that option. But Wayland is the default session. Wayland should be fine for me in this VM. So I'm going to go ahead and leave that as little fault. Let me go ahead and enter my super secure password. And we log in to the GNOME 45 desktop environment. We get our welcome screen here, where we can go ahead and connect to various online accounts. So if you have a Google account, a Next Cloud account, or a Microsoft account that you want to go ahead and set up, you can do that for me. I'm going to skip all of that for purposes of this video, especially in this VM. I don't plan on keeping this VM around. You can see right away, we get a pop-up letting us know that there is software updates available for us. So this was just released this morning. That's interesting that there is already an update. That's probably an important update. If it's already being pushed out, that's probably some kind of bug fix that is being pushed right away. I will decline taking that update right now. The next screen here for the welcome app is do you want to send any kind of telemetry information back to canonical? So this is information about your computer that helps them, I guess, improve the quality of Ubuntu and future releases. They just want to know a little bit about the people that are running Ubuntu, right? What kind of hardware, what kind of computers you guys are using? For me, I don't mind sending that information to canonical, so I'll leave that ticked on. If for some reason that you have a problem with that, you can always decline to send that information to them. For me, yeah, I'll send the information. I'm going to click Next, and then Location Services. So do you want to allow apps to determine your geolocation? So some applications want to know exactly where you are in the world, like time zone information, things like that. Do you want to allow that by default that's turned off? If you wanted to tick that on, you of course could. For me, I'll leave that ticked off. I don't need any of my software to actually know where I'm at. So I'll click Next on that, and then this last screen gives us an overview of some of the programs we could go ahead and install from the App Center. Some of this stuff is proprietary software, things like Spotify, Slack, Zoom, Discord, Gitcrack, and these are proprietary pieces of software that are typically not found in like the standard Ubuntu repositories. These are probably going to be installed as snap packages. You also have some very popular free and open source software also listed here, including things like VLC, OBS, ZeroAD, which is my favorite free and open source game, fantastic game. The GIMP is here, and that's the program I use actually to do all the artwork for my YouTube channel, all the thumbnails, the YouTube banner, everything, all of that is made with the GIMP. Right now I'm going to go ahead and just click Done, and we've got a desktop icon here. This is the home icon. It's a little bit out of place being in the center of the screen. I'm going to drag it up to the top left, by the way, and the top left here on the panel. GNOME 45 now has this really cool dynamic workspace indicator. What this is, it tells you which workspace you're on. You can see because the one area of the indicator is colored wide and it's a little bigger. Right now we're on the first workspace, but I believe if I scroll with my mouse wheel, yeah, I can scroll to the second workspace or scroll back. And of course there will be keyboard shortcuts for that as well. I believe the keyboard shortcuts are control alt and the arrow keys. So if I do control alt and then right, I can go to the second workspace, control alt, left would go back to the first workspace. One other interesting addition to the GNOME 45 desktop here in Ubuntu is the quick settings menu, which is basically your SysTrade application that has, it's seen a little bit of development. It really looks sharp, right? This is a very attractive quick settings menu is what they call it. And if you type super S on the keyboard, you can quickly bring that up because this may be something that you need to access all the time because it does have sliders, for example, for volume. It may have other information as well. They did mention that if you had a keyboard that had the ability to be backlit on the keyboard that you would see that in this menu. So depending on what kind of hardware you're running, you may have different things in this quick settings menu. Now because I chose the default installation, which is really a minimal installation of Ubuntu, if I want to search for some applications, there's really not much installed out of the box. So with the default installation, the minimal installation, really all you get, you have an image viewer, you have the text editor, you have a calculator, other than that, and the utility subcategory here, you have the disk tool, you have the document viewer, PDF viewer, right? And really not much else. A lot of the other stuff is really like system preference, system settings, kind of tools. Of course you have the software center as well, and of course the terminal emulator, which is of course the GNOME terminal. Let me go ahead and make the GNOME terminal full screen. I'm gonna go ahead and zoom in. So let's go ahead and get a few things out of the way. If I do a unnamed dash R, the kernel version is 6.5.0-9 generic. So very recent kernel here in the latest Ubuntu. I did a where is pipe wire. Pipe wire is the default audio server. If you're wondering how many applications are installed on this very minimal version of Ubuntu, let's do a apt list space dash dash installed, which gives us a list line by line of every application, every program that is installed via the apt package manager by up arrow and pipe all of that into WC space dash L. To get a line count, 1,550 packages are installed via apt. That is a rather slim installation because especially for those of you not familiar with how Debian and Debian base distributions, which Ubuntu is based off of Debian, typically you're looking at 2,000 to 2,500 packages installed even on really minimal distributions. The fact that we're only dealing with about 1,500 packages, that is quite slim. Of course, not every package is installed as a deb pack. There are some snaps installed out of the box. Let's do a snap list. And the only applications that are really installed as a snap or Firefox and the snap store. So the software center. So really only two snaps are pre-installed Firefox. The reason it's a snap is because Mozilla has chosen to actually package Firefox for Ubuntu as a snap rather than a deb pack. I know a lot of people found that controversial like canonical is pushing snaps on people. Well, the Firefox thing was not their decision. They don't package Firefox themselves. That's a Mozilla thing. And that's the route Mozilla chose to go. And let's see how long it takes for Firefox to launch as a snap. That's rather quick. That was the very first time I've launched Firefox in this VM. That launched about as fast as you would expect Firefox to launch if it was installed as a native deb pack, right? That was very fast. So if I go to help and about Firefox, we can see we're on Firefox version 118.0.1. So pretty recent version of Firefox as well. One of the biggest new features with Ubuntu 23.10 is the software center. It's the new Flutter based app center is what they're calling it. And by default, one thing to note is they are pushing snaps here. Most of these programs are going to be installed as snap packages. I think there is options available to also offer Debian packages. But let me see if I choose to install transmission which is the GNOME BitTorrent Client. You can see channel latest stable. These are channels for snaps. I'm assuming that's going to install as a snap pack. We do have this little kind of settings icon here. I wonder if clicking on it doesn't look like clicking on it does anything. So I don't know if that was supposed to offer me some extra options or not. But let's go ahead and install transmission. We'll go ahead and see if it installs as a snap package. You can see it. We get a little confirmation there that it is installing and it finished installing that took just a few seconds. So now let me go ahead and close out of the app center and let me go ahead and open a terminal again. Control Alt T is a key binding that should work to bring up a terminal. Let me zoom in and now if I do a snap list and let's see if transmission is a part of the list it is. So transmission was installed as a snap package. So let's see if we can figure out how to install things as Debian packages rather than snap packages. So I'm going to go back to the software center and I'll just search for something small like H-top. H-top I'm not sure if it's already installed or not but let's go ahead and install it and you can see sort by relevance filter by snare. It is snap packages or Debian packages. So if you want to you can filter your search results by showing only Debian packages or showing only snap packages. So that is nice. So if I wanted to install the Debian package version of H-top you can see it is not already installed. So let's go ahead and install it. This should just take a couple of seconds and it installed just fine. I'm assuming let's do Control Alt T and now let's run H-top. Running H-top is a good idea anyway. Let's see what kind of system resource usage we're using. It looks like GNOME 45 is using just under a gig of the six gigs of RAM that I gave this VM. As far as CPU usage, not much going on. 3%, 4%, that's pretty normal. Shouldn't be using really any CPU because I'm not really doing anything right now in this virtual machine. So let's go ahead and close the terminal. One thing I want to mention is prior to the release of 23.10 Canonical had said that they were going to ship CUPS which is the printer server. They were going to install CUPS as a snap package. Now when I did the snap list earlier, CUPS was not there and the reason it's not there is because there was a problem with the CUPS snap package. So they're installing CUPS as a regular Debian package still until they get all the bugs fixed with the snap package. So you'll have CUPS installed as a snap package probably in the next release of Ubuntu. The last thing I want to talk about is some of the aesthetic changes to Ubuntu. Let's talk about just the overall look and feel. Some of the eye candy because I've got to say this is a gorgeous version of Ubuntu. Of course, GNOME 45 is a big part of that. The latest version of GNOME looks really good but there are also some changes as far as obviously some of the artwork, the default wallpaper here. I don't think this is the default wallpaper. This is the default wallpaper to me because I chose the dark theme but if I right click and go to change background let's see some of the other wallpapers that were available. So obviously the code name Mantic Minotaur we're gonna have a lot of Minotaur like creatures here. Here's one that could be interesting. Switch to a different workspace to see that. What is that pixel art? That's interesting there. I'm not sure I like that. This one here could also be interesting. You know what? That actually is a really cool wallpaper.   And here's one and let's try this one out. Yeah, actually that one works really nicely against the dark theme. I think I'm gonna keep that one. So as always, the Ubuntu wallpaper pack is stellar. Another thing to notice with Ubuntu is the fonts are a little different now because for as long as I can remember and I've been using Linux on the desktop for about 15, 16 years and I originally started with Ubuntu. As long as I can remember, Ubuntu always defaulted to deja vu fonts, the deja vu font family but they've recently switched to the Nodo font family. So that is something to be aware of in some applications. You're gonna see a little difference with the fonts. Another really obvious change as far as aesthetics is some of the GTK theming especially with the GNOME applications themselves such as the GNOME settings application here. You can see the sidebar, it is full height, right? So the sidebar used to come up to about here but then you had the title bar of the window that took up 100% of the width. Now though the sidebar, you can see the sidebar is 100% full height of the application window and most of the GNOME core applications will be like this if I launch Nautilus, the file manager, you can see the sidebar for Nautilus also follows that same design. So overall my impressions are as always a boon to their desktop, sexy as hell, love the artwork, love the icon theming, love the GTK theming. I love the fact that it is so minimal out of the box, the default installation just gives you a handful of applications. You don't have an audio player, you don't have a video player, you don't have a photo manager, right? And it makes sense because most people have their own preferences for which audio player they want or which video player or which photo manager, whatever it happens to be. Do you want an office suite? Do you not want an office suite, right? You install what you want, just open up the app center, install the programs that you need. That way you're not left with a whole bunch of extra stuff, extra cruft installed on the system programs that maybe you don't even need. Just a little bit of time that I spent in this VM checking out a boon to 23.10. I gotta say I'm impressed. I do wanna congratulate everybody at Canonical and all the Ubuntu team, job well done. Now before I go, I need to thank a few special people. I need to thank the producers of this episode. Daniel Gabe James, Matt Paul, Royal West, Armoredragon Commander, Angry George Lee, Methodist Nate Erion, Paul Peace, Archimvedor, Realities for Less Red Profit, Role and Soul-Ashtree Tools, Devler, Vorge, Intu and Ubuntu and Willie. These guys, they're my hot steered patrons over on Patreon without these guys. This quick look at Ubuntu 23.10, Mantic Minotaur. It would not have been possible. The show is also brought to you by each and every one of these fine ladies and gentlemen. All these names you're seeing on the screen right now, these are all my supporters over on Patreon. If you like my work and wanna see more videos about Linux and free open source software, like Ubuntu, subscribe to DistroTube over on Patreon. All right guys, peace. One of the best wallpaper packs I've ever seen.


Hey, it's Chris Tancy here, and I am always getting asked about all the different air table apps I've built over the years. A lot of times about my main air table app. And then of course, I've built a collection of amazing applications that have helped all sorts of people, small businesses, and communities. Today, for the first time in association with air table, I'm going to give you a quick overview of all the systems I've built. Most importantly, you're going to see that the systems I designed fall in five different categories. With that, I'm excited to show you what I call heart centered apps. So let's show some examples of heart centered apps right now. Know yourself, support another, empower others, connect communities, or elevate the marginalized. I actually have developed one of every one of these. So the first one I'm going to talk about today is know yourself. I went from being single from 2014 until 2018 to getting married. See, I took all the things I learned about my life and decided to say what would be different if I were to start over. A challenge with air tables, how do I make my entire life easy to understand as easy as a simple picture? But more than anything, make sure that the things that are important to me are the things I'm focusing on because that means I needed something to actually help me decide moment to moment how I would spend my time. See, I don't save time. I spend it right the first time. And it's a fundamentally different way to think because how you make decisions to moment to moment come from a set of things inside you we call values. Values drive what you're doing. Priorities can direct your attention, but they don't drive your decisions.  Challenge was I knew that life would have some ups and downs. Now, some of you might not have problems with the homes, raw life stress inventory, but this is a simple test that anyone can take on the internet. But what it'll tell you very quickly is if you're probably going to have significant problems in your life, you'll see that at 300 points or more, 80% will have a health breakdown. So the five things we kind of looked at were health, home, relationships, job, finance, and death. So from there, I went ahead and built these tables in my air table. And these tables really were going to be focused on all the ways we would get to know ourselves and each other, but also be able to help focus on people and what we were doing. The first table I built in every heart centered app is a table of our tables. The second thing was we had to take all of those tables then we had to think about what are the processes in our lives? Like we have assets we own, we have revenue that we make from our jobs, we have plans that we're making, we have record keeping we need to do. Where do these tables live? And understanding that helped us start to fundamentally shape out what was important.  So the first part of the system we called value kit. Value kit helped us, our family, all of our pets and businesses, our actual values. So we actually defined those, put guardrails in. So now when there's an automation, it goes against the value of certain things don't trigger if value isn't been set. Because if it's not aligned to your value, it probably shouldn't happen. And that could be everything from how you spend your money to how you spend your time to what emails you answer or don't answer health and even timeline. The next system we built was task kit. So that system was super important to help us understand what we were going to focus on what goals we were going to set with tasks. The next system was called money kit that included the people in our lives, the organizations we worked with, our financial accounts, our bills, our transactions. There's lots of applications to sync these types of things. The next one was called asset kit, which had our documents, our physical assets, where they're kept, the apps we use business kit, which had our two works and businesses, all the different things we needed to run that. And then these kits and tables actually started helping us by stringing them together and running our life through that. So if you think about a new customer, if you're a small business, there's ways that that works through the process. If you think about shops for your dog, there's ways that works. So sunny is the entity. The task is a quarter of the yearly bet shots. The people would be the vet. The organization would be the organization's vet and the health of the updated health rep. So as you can see, it gave us a way to start to string these things together. The first major update to heart-centered apps integrated with our friends and family and our calendars. So we created a form where our friends and family could fill out this form at any point and put in their favorite memory of us. Like maybe we all went out. Think of it as like a survey for the people you love. And we'd all be able to collectively record those types of things. We also then made this template of our timeline available to any of our friends or family in a calendar feed where we could start to see yearly the things that our family had done and participated in. Just really beautiful and lovely. We then built a map where all of these forms could actually be visualized. In 2020, we did our first family dashboard where we could actually come in and click on these important memories for our family. But more importantly, see the types of things that we all were working on. So we just weren't in our own kind of applications and silos. By 2021, I rolled out dashboards to my providers. So my doctor, my lawyer, my CPA, they all have their own portals into my life. And then finally, step four was actually making all this visible on a new website that people can browse that are close to me. This was remarkable because it allowed us all to finally come around and talk about what was important with our apps. The system has been amazing since 2018. It allowed me to build care table. So let's talk about the next one. As you know, losing your job can be scary. And I found a lot of people in my life over the pandemic were losing jobs. So I thought to myself, well, I've done a really good job at helping me. That's phase one. How could I help someone else? So I built something called Flare Table. So Flare Table is a system that I built and I create a portal for people to be able to share their work. My first customer is probably Molly, Molly Kane. So Molly is an amazing person. She's got such a robust history, but Molly, like a lot of us, she's a rebel. She doesn't maybe do the best job of making like her values and what she does for businesses front and center for people. So what we did with Molly was we went ahead and said, how do we make Molly's career upfront? So we wanted to create a front-end web portal that was also our portfolio. So what we did again, using Pori and Air Table and Bureau and all those other tools, we created this great robust front-end for Molly where she could manage her entire career air table. She could put the current project she's working on, but more importantly, she could come in here and see her career and log anything out. So when I say log anything out, this is where I think Flare Table really made a huge difference for her. Because what we did was we created a form called the accountability engine. So what this is, is it gave Molly the ability anytime anyone said or did anything to her that made her uncomfortable to be able to log it. See, I think a lot of times people feel bad, but they have no way of actually dealing with either. It's not right in that moment. Now, if you're not safe, get out. But there's no way to really capture them in a moment. And I wanted Flare Table to kind of be your HR department in the world. I'll let you know this, it has been remarkably supportive. Everybody who's used Flare Table and used this function has actually had just phenomenal results. I have one friend of mine named Peggy who has a Flare Table. She was recently let go of a company she was at for almost a decade before she didn't know what she would do because her Flare Table was there. She had a job within a week. So we've settled one HR dispute and I've got four people using it full-time right now. So it's super cool. Level two, empower others. So how would you go ahead empowering another? And that's what I call Comparatable, because we're talking about empowering others. It's really about taking these resources. And now I was asked by the US Army in 2021 to go ahead and help with their resiliency directorate. Now, if you don't know, the US Army and a lot of the armed services have some really big challenges, not the types of challenges you might think of.  There are some things that are just so difficult going on in the armed forces. And they came to me and they said, Chris, can you help us by doing a presentation and creating some tools for other people? So I knew right away that I had to create something kind of different. I was like, well, this is much bigger than one person. This is a whole group of people and using resources. How would I even structure something for the US Army that would handle such heavy topics? So I knew it had to be a directory type of listing. I knew people had to be able to submit things to it. And I knew it had to be able to integrate with reviews and comments. So what I did was I built something called the Habit Store. Now, the Habit Store is public now. You can go to the habitstore.io. I think it's the public version of the habit store. But the first version of the habit store was actually built for the US Army. And what we did with the habit store was we allowed people to put their favorite tips, tricks, applications, suggestions, anything they did to deal with certain problems. So if you were feeling anxious and you had an application or a habit or a practice that you could do, you could log it. So it became this real time, and it is right now, if you go to Habit Store.io, this real time searchable database of feelings. So if you're feeling mad, filtered by mad, it would show you all different things that people have suggested. You could say, I'm feeling mad and I need an app. I'm feeling mad and I need a podcast. I'm feeling mad. I need a podcast and a practice. And it gave them this robust, amazing way to get so much more out of their lives. I'm really proud of the habit store. I would have never thought of building feelings as a filter into an application, but that's where HeartCentered apps really comes into play. Connecting communities, I built ShareTable. At the beginning of the pandemic, I was in Walt Disney World. We were thrown out of Walt Disney World, not because we did anything bad, but because they closed the park. On the way home, I didn't want to fly. I was worried about the airline and getting sick. We drove and I built an application coming back. The problem was in my neighborhood where I lived at that point, we were in an older neighborhood. So most of the people in my neighborhood were over 70. They were living alone. It was a really, really, really beautiful neighborhood. But I knew that the pandemic might cause some challenges for us, especially as they were closing stores, as you guys remember from the beginning. So how do I do something different? But now, unlike the army, allow people to collaborate with each other. So what we did there was we built a resource directory of everything that people had in the neighborhood. And these could be medical supplies. They could be skills. We had nurses, retired nurses and doctors in the neighborhood. People with skills, people who know how to fix things. Because for a good two months when we were locked down, we couldn't get people to come and do things, whether it be electrical work. And from the system, we allow the neighborhood to start collecting and supporting each other. People would submit a form and say, I need someone to go grocery shopping, or I need someone to come helping with my dog, or I need someone to come look at my furnace. The neighborhood would then get those alerts. People in the neighborhood say, I'll come over and help with it. It helped neighborhood and neighbor, and it was phenomenal. We really focused on three main areas, making it accessible, making it safe, and giving our neighborhood a culture preparedness. Because other than the pandemic, we also had problems with floods and other types of things. If you've ever seen some of the problems I have going on in Texas, you know what I'm talking about. But we had really simple, bright forms, so they were easy for people to understand. We had charts and graphs that people would come in and see what was going on. The logging was tied to addresses because everybody's addresses were in the tax records, so I tied them to maps so the people would kind of see what's going on. We even allowed the local constable, that's what we call the place in Texas, to be able to see real time help. This allowed us to really create kind of an entire neighborhood that helped each other. But more than anything, it allowed us to put a front end on this. So we created an FAQ about our neighborhood, how we help each other, and why you want to live there or not live there. And I believe helped increase the value of the houses. It actually got picked up by air table and next door. It's now, I can't tell you how many content, I think it's in three different continents, hundreds of cities have adopted. Last thing I'm going to talk about for heart centered apps for an example is elevate the marginalized. I was online a couple years ago and I saw this person share, please book your speakers for Black History Month before Black History Month. So I sent her a message privately and I said, Hey, what are you doing with this? And she sent me back and I said, I got a spreadsheet with 20 people in it. And I want to be able to match people to speakers for Black History Month. So I wrote it back and said, send me that spreadsheet, set a timer for 20 minutes, 20 minutes later, I sent her back Black speakers. So what Black speakers was, again, was a database and air table with a great front end tied to specific topic areas that people could speak about with an easy button to link to people's profiles, or you could book and get them paid right then and there. I thought this was so easy and so disruptive and literally took about 20 minutes. We put a front end on it about a day later, which is this is amazing. And we went ahead and put it out into the world. What Black speakers did was it instantly made not the 20 speakers she had when she handed this to me, but it created in a week over 200 Black speakers. It's now over 2000 Black speakers and it's been expanded from Black speakers to Black executives. So again, it was covered by Fortune and Forbes. Again, really simple tools thought about through a lens of shared mutual good and where our values aligned. So hopefully that gave you some really great examples about how you can think about air table applications for yourself, for your community, for other people in ways that you might not have thought of before. So hopefully you enjoyed that. As you can see, I love building these types of applications. I find them to be so invigorating in the way that they address challenges within our own lives, the lives of people around us or the lives of people in our communities. Most importantly, they can really make a difference. If you're someone thinking about building your first app to solve a local problem, a personal problem, or a global problem, don't be afraid, reach out. I love helping people make these apps, and I love making the world a better place, one connection at a time. Thanks so much.


Hello friends, I am Sanjay Gupta. I welcome you on Sanjay Gupta Tech School. So, as you know, this is the second lecture of the C language video series which I am preparing in Hindi. So, in this lecture, I will tell you some programs that you are familiar with. This is basically how we implement C compilers. And while implementing those programs, I will tell you the comments. First, we will explore the detail of the print efforts. So, before we start, we will go through the topics covered in the lecture 1. In the lecture 1, I told you what C is and what features we use. Then we discussed what are the constant variables and keywords. And I told you how to implement a sample C program. By using the software of C programming, we implement a problem and solve it. So, in the first video, we only saw the introductory part. To understand the introduction part and the depth part, this is the lecture number 2. And if you are watching the lecture number 2 video and you want to follow the whole playlist or the whole series, I have put the playlist link in the description of this video. So, if you open that link, you will get all the lectures automatically arranged. And along with that, I have added the playlist link of the videos made in English. So, you can also follow them. And in this lecture, we are going to discuss the programs. So, first of all, we will discuss that if we have to calculate a simple interest which we have done in the match, if we have to implement it in C programming, then how will it be? And this is my information. If you want to take online classes or if you want to discuss it now, then you can contact me on this information or you can comment in the video. So, let's start the first program. So, as I told in my first video that to implement programs, the compiler we are using is Dev C++. If you want to use any other compiler like Turbo C, then you can do that too. If you want to use a code block, then you can do that too. The coding is the same. Your environments will be different. So, you can easily implement whatever environment you have available to you. So, as I told you, we will discuss two more things in detail. Comment and printf and scanf. So, the first thing I am writing is calculate simple interest. For this, I have used forward slash and star. And lastly, I have used star and forward slash. So, basically, we call this comment. So, what is comment work? Many times, you will need a code that you want to write in your own language. So, the compiler runs on syntax. And the syntax is already defined. It means that it is not possible to write anything on your own. But you want it to be possible. So, it will be possible through the comment. So, this is the first line I have written. Accordingly, it is not following any syntax. But it will not show any error. Because I have written forward slash and star in the middle of forward slash. So, this is the comment. So, basically, whenever you want to write something in the code for understanding, and you do not want to execute it, then you implement it through the comment. So, in other examples, we will use the comment in many places. And stdio.h, this is the header file that I have mentioned in the previous video. Whenever you want to use printf, scanf, or any pre-defined function, then there will be no header file related to the pre-defined function. So, we are using stdio.h, which is necessary for printf and scanf. So, when you use printf scanf, then you will have to include this header file. And after that, whatever program we will write, we will always write in the main function. So, the main user is defined. You can write anything in your own according to this. But the name of it is fixed. You will always have to use it in the main small letter. And since it is case sensitive, you will have to write it in small. If it was already decided in the capital, then you would have to write it in the capital. Okay. Now, we have to calculate the simple interest. So, we will have to input the principal, rate of interest and time from the user. So, we will have to make some variables for that. So, as I told you in the previous video, if we have to store anything in the program, then we will do it in the variable. And we have to define the data type for the variable. So, the data type that I am going to use is float. Okay. So, in the previous video, I told you to use int. Because we have summed up two numbers. Two numbers are normal integer values. So, we have used int. But right now, we are using float because we have to use the point values. So, for that, I am declaring some variables. So, the first statement that is written is variable declaration. Okay. Again, what I have used is comment. It means, it will not execute. It is just telling you what is the line that we have written. So, how many variables have we made? Four. And what type have we made? Float. This means, if I store 5.2 in e, then it will be stored. If I write int instead of float, if I write int instead of float, and then I store 5.2 in p, then point 2 is not stored. It only stores 5. Whereas, you will know that, when we do any interest calculation, the role of point is very big. So, what we will use in int? Float. After declaring the variable, you will write a printf in which you will write int, principal, rate and time. You can also write the whole thing. So, principal, rate and time, user will input. Then, you will write scanf. Now, how many numbers do we have to read? Three. Principal, rate and time. And three are float type. So, you will have to write %f in scanf. How many times? Three times. Because, we are reading float value. In the last video, I told you that, we are writing %d. Why? Because, the type of variable was integer type. So, you have to keep in mind, whenever you use integer type, when you use int, then you have to write %d in scanf. And when you use float, what you have to use? %f. How many times you have to use it? It depends on how many variables you have to input. So, how many variables you have to input here? Three.  Three times. This. If there were four variables, if there were four %f, if there were two, then there would be two. According to that, you have to write this scanf. Now, I will remove these. Now, we will implement our formula. So, we have to calculate the simple interest. So, what is its formula? We have to multiply the principle, rate and time. And divide it from 100. This is its formula. So, principle, rate and time will be multiplied. It will be divided from 100. The result will be, in which it will be stored? Simple interest variable, SI variable. Now, we have to display that variable on the screen. So, we have to use printf. In that, you will write these messages. And this is completed. So, as I told you in the previous video, I told you to explore printf. Now, we will explore in more detail. So, look here. Backslash n means new line. This is backslash n. This will tell you the new line. And you can call it enter. This means a new line. Means, an enter will be pressed. And then print will be simple interest equals to. This will be print as it is. But, percentf will not be printed. So, you will say that percentf will not be printed. So, why did you use it? So, I used it because, on the place of percentf, the variable named SI will print its value. On the place of percentf, the value in SI variable will be printed. So, whenever you want to print a value in printf, then you will use this percentf or percentd format specifier. And it will not be printed. It will display the value of the variable in its place. Okay? So, you must have understood this. And this is a very simple program. We have inputted three values. Principal, rate and time. Then formulae. We have solved it. We have identified the simple interest. And through printf, we have displayed it on the screen. So, we will save it. Execute it. Compile and run. Compile and run. If there was any error, you would have been displayed below. Otherwise, it would have shown that errors and warnings are zero. Now, I will enter principal. Then, I have added rate of interest to 10 and time to 3. And in front of you, the simple interest has been calculated to 300. So, in this way, if we have to implement any calculation or mathematical problem in C, then what are the steps? So, first of all, all the required variables will be declared. Through printf and scanf, you will get the required values from the user. So, do not think that you have declared four variables. So, you have to input all four. It is possible that you have written some variables for calculation. So, for example, I have got three inputs. Then, with the help of those three, I have written a calculation and I have stored the result in the fourth variable. And finally, through printf, I have displayed it on the screen. So, if we categorize it, these are the three parts. The first part is the input. The second part is the process. And the third part is the output. So, normally, you will have to implement these three phases that you will take some input, then you will apply the process and then you will display it in the form of the output. Now, you must have seen it in the output. For example, if I run it again, then you will see that 300 point and 6 zeros are being printed here. Now, you will want that there are only two points that we can limit. So, what you have to do is you have to write percent point 2f. So, after the point, how many digits will be printed? Two digits. Save it and run it again. So, I am explaining this by exploring printf. I will tell you something like this. Normally, if you watch any other videos, you won't get it. So, I am going to tell you some different things in my video series. So, you can see that 300 point is being printed. If you write point 3f, then after the point, you get three digits. If you write point 4f, then you get four digits. So, in this way, you can customize the float values. Okay? So, you must have understood so much. Now, let's move ahead. So, the next problem is you have to write calculate area and perimeter of rectangle. Again, we have commented so that we can know what we are going to do. Then, the header file will be as it is because you have to use printf scanf normally in your program. Then, the main function is the variable. So, what is the input? length and breadth. And the second variable is breadth. So, the input will be integer or float. Means, the point values will come or without. So, you will say that the length of the point can come. So, again we will use float. And I have made two variables for length and breadth. Now, we have to calculate area and perimeter. So, I have made a for area and perimeter. So, total variable is 4. Do we have to get 4 inputs? No. We have to get only 2 inputs. The first one will be length and the second one will be breadth. So, you have written printf. So, you have written enter length and breadth. Then, you have written scanf. Now, see how many inputs are there? 2. How many were there in the last program? 2 times. Now, I hope that you are getting gradually understood. So, the more programs we will make, the more you will get confidence. So, as soon as you see this video, see one program and you can implement it. After seeing the whole video, I will explain it in 3-4 programs and you will practice it. So, you will see in my whole video series that I will tell you how to implement it. So, this is very beneficial for your learning. And if you have any doubt comment in this video or I have shared my email id and whatsapp number you can contact me and talk to me. So, we have received input. Now, our second phase is process. We have to calculate area and perimeter. Now, if I ask you what is the formula of area and perimeter, you will smile a little and this is very easy. If you want to calculate area, then multiply length for breadth and if you want to calculate perimeter, then 2 into L plus B. So, if this is so simple, you can implement it. So, this is area and this is perimeter. So, as simple as mathematics is, programming is simple. Now, some people are laughing that math is not simple. Math is very simple, if programming is based on maths, then what programming is required is practice. The more you practice, the easier it will be. And if you watch the video, then you will understand that we will not be able to make it. So, after watching the video, you implement the program. If you get stuck, watch the video again. Understand the explanation. Discuss with friends, discuss with me. So that you have as many problems in maths. So, as we solve problems in maths, we solve them here. You have to keep in mind that you have to follow the rules. In maths, we write on the copy pan. So, nothing is executed there. But the software in the computer runs live. If there is any mistake, then you will know. So, you cannot escape from things. You have to follow the proper rules. So, we have calculated area perimeter. Now, the third phase is to print the result. Now, you will get to see the modified form of printf. So, till now, till now, in the previous program, there was one output, simple interest. And the lecture 1, I told you, we did the sample of two numbers. So, there is also one output. Now, the first program has two outputs. We have to print the area and perimeter. So, if you use any of them, then it will work. So, I will tell you that any of them is good to you. So, first we will write two printf. Then, later, we will convert the two printf into one printf. Ok? So, here comes my first printf which will print the area. Now, it is very simple. You might have understood that the backslash is there, because we have to go to the new line. So, this is the value of a. Right? Now, it seems that you have understood. Now, this perimeter equals to %f. This is also simple. Backslashm, again, cursor will come into the new line. And perimeter equals to as it is printed. And what will be printed instead of %f? It will be pre-printed. Now, in the previous example, I had told you that %0.2f will be printed. Now, in the previous example, I had told you that %0.2f will be printed. And %0.4f will be printed. Ok? So, this program has been implemented. Save and run it. Now, we will run it. So, I have inputted 2.5 length. I have entered the breadth. 5.6. Area is 14.000. How many are there? %0.4f. And perimeter is 16.20. So, after the point, only 2 digits are coming. Because we had written %0.2f. So, as you will write, it will come in the same output. And both the area and perimeter are coming in different lines. Now, you will say, remove this slashm. Remove it. Now, you will see that everything will be printed in the same line. So, %0.2f. And %0.6f. Area, perimeter is printed in the same line. It is not printed in different lines. So, you will have to believe how important is the backslashm. So, if you put backslashm, the line will change. Simple. So, it is important to practice so that you get to know what I am telling you. If you do it yourself, then you will have to believe how important is the backslashm. Okay. Now, you will say, convert 2 printf into 1 printf. Now, you will see the use of the comment. Normally, you will delete these lines. I will not delete them. They will be in the program as it is. So, it is possible that you will have to use them. So, I will put them in the comment. I have made them into comments. Now, you will see that these lines have become dead. They are physically available but they will not be executed. Now, you will see the printf. A printf is used for both the printf. Area equals to percentf. So, percent point, now, I am writing 2f. Again, backslashm, perimeter equals to percent point 2f and a comma 3. So, you have to explore the first printf. So, backslashm, new line area equals to as it is print percent point 2f will not be printed. Now, you will see the first percentf will be replaced with the first variable. The second percentf will be replaced with the second variable. So, the order matters. You cannot write it accordingly. You have to follow the first percentf, second variable and so on. Then, we have written backslashm in the middle. So, this line will change. Then, perimeter equals to as it is print and this will be replaced with value of percent. So, I have saved it. Let's compile and run it. So, 2.5, 5.7 different answer. Now, both the results have two digits after the point. As you can see, I have used point 2f and point 2f. And this area perimeter is being printed in different lines whereas, I have used only one printf. So, why did this happen? Because I have used backslashm in the middle of printf. So, it is not necessary to use backslashm in the beginning of printf. You can use backslashm in the whole printf and in the double quotes. Now, you will say that you have made a comment. As it is running, now you have two output of the same calculation. Two output of the same calculation. 2.5 and let's say 3.4 So, area equals to 8.4 digits. Now, you have 4 digits. Since, point 4f then perimeter 11.80, then area then perimeter. So, why? Because one set ये अपना दूस्रा क्याल्कूलेशनूवा, अप तार्ड बात करते है, क्याल्कूलेच तोटल अप परसंटेज माख्स। तो ये बहुत ये सिंपल होगा और अब अप मैं, बहुत बहुत क्याल्कूलेशन करके भी आप को समजा कोगा, ये बहुत बहुत क्याल्कूलेच माख्स। परसंटेज में, एक वह परसंटेज में, बहुत बहुत भी तोटल अप परसंटेज में लगा। लिए कि जो वरग किनद्र थाव तो तो स्विव तो अवने लिए तेखिल तो वट्षी कर अप95 ाो बजद्व रोड़ थाई..  तो अब दीखो चार कोमपनटएद होगा है, basic salary, gross salary, da and hra.  तो दोस तो इस परीके से यह सेकिन लेक्चर कमपीट वहाँ जिस में आपको कुछ वीटीो, सोरी कुछ कुछ प्रोग्राम्स को अईक्चोली इंप्लिमेंट कर के बताया, उनसे रिलेटड़ चीजे बताय की इंप्ट अउप्ट कैसे दीशाइत करे, कैसे लोडिद बनाई.


Hi everyone, I'm Umakan Soni, I'm the President of the Concord Silicon Valley Association and we've been very happy with the way Manipal has organised this vaccination camp here. The response has been tremendous. We have a lot of people who are quite old and were not able to go to hospitals to get themselves vaccinated and it is so good of Manipal to come to our play out and offer to vaccinate the residents and their doors. So we are really thankful to them and we really appreciate the whole arrangement that they have made. Not only the doctor is there but also the nurses and everything is well qualified and the way vaccination is going on, the whole process has been very smooth. Manipal was really good and we are very comfortable to come here and take the vaccination. So I'm happy with that. It's a really good experience to people and it's at least to the society kind of residence area to all the people. This is a good initiative, I think the hospital is coming to the society and helping the residents. I think because residents going to the hospital and getting vaccinated is much of a convenience. This feels like getting the vaccination at home. So you feel the comfort. You are not worried about getting outside and getting more much exposed. This is happening around your house and the facilities are I would say as good as it would have been if you should have gone to regular Manipal. Thanks Manipal for coming here and giving this facility to vaccinate our doorstep. You are very punctual. Whatever time you promise you came here. Thanks for all the reasons. So far very nice experience. The estate of Suha Mejwaj is located in Green Plain Leao, Belendur, Bangalore. Today we are having a COVID vaccination camp in our clubhouse which has been organized by Manipal Hospital. A team of 10 to 12 people have come and we are having this camp since morning 10-20 onwards. Over 60 people have been vaccinated and everything has been going on very smoothly. I hope professional work has been done by Manipal team. We are extremely thankful and grateful to the team. I just had my first vaccination dose today and it was done quite smoothly by a team of Manipal doctors who actually had a camp there in our society today in our clubhouse. I think the experience was good. I would encourage everyone to come forward and take the vaccination dose to empower our fight against COVID. Hi, I am Lata Fai from Raija Residency, Kolmangala. I just got my first job today, first shot of co-vaccine and I would urge all my friends, family members and Raijaites to go for this vaccine so that we win this fight against corona. This was a very good experience. We had this in Raija and it was very nicely collaborated and very relaxing. It was a very good step, very encouraging. We have to win this fight very soon. Thank you Manipal Hospital for arranging all of this. Today I just got my first dose from Manipal Hospital. For now the last 20 minutes I have not faced any reaction or any kind of problem. So I encourage people to come forward and get yourself vaccinated. And that's one way we can stop the increase in COVID.


It's allowed us to operate the trash hunter best of more so we're we're out on the lake or contractor is and our guys operate that trash hunter boat bringing the stuff down to the dam and we're stockpiling it there as we always do and then the county comes with their cleanup and they get it out and you know it's working great hand in hand. Very refreshing I know for all the people in the community that you know top to top the dam and they don't see acres and acres drift anymore and they see development over there you know we have some new marina operators who are who are redoing the boat dock and they put in some other water park and some inflatables and and they're also working real well with us as is the county with the miller fire department who operates a couple shelters in the small campground above the marina and I think the public perception has changed quite a bit we get more compliments now than we get criticism and that really helps it helps everybody's morale here and this resource has always been here and it's always been available but now it's getting the positive attention it's getting money to be maintained well and we're carrying on with playing


Number five is Gan Zip Geng, which means indirect force. We talked about direct force, but what about indirect force? Well, one way to do the indirect force is, let's say, the energy is coming in.  Okay, so that's why we do so much footwork in Wing Chun. It's because when the force is overpowering you, you don't want to go force with force and try to go direct because you can't. He's bigger than me, stronger.


It's Saturday, February 6th, and this is For Good Reason. Welcome to For Good Reason, I'm DJ Grothi. For Good Reason is the radio show and the podcast produced in association with the James Randy Educational Foundation, an international non-profit whose mission is to advance critical thinking about the paranormal, pseudoscience, and the supernatural. Before we get to this week's guest, Daniel Loxton, I'd like to invite our listeners to check out randy.org for details about some recent developments at the JREF. First, you'll see news of a couple job announcements. We're looking to hire a director of educational programs and also an administrative director. In addition, you'll learn some ways that you can easily support the important work of the foundation, like through the Capital One Visa card that we offer. If you're the type to responsibly use credit, we'd love for you to help out the JREF by getting the JREF Visa card. And also, you'll learn about the new membership drive we're launching. If you care about the values that the JREF advances, the values of critical thinking about the supernatural, about the paranormal, we'd love your support. I'm happy to have Daniel Loxton on For Good Reason. He's editor of Junior Skeptic, the children's section of Skeptic Magazine, a quarterly science education and science advocacy magazine published by The Skeptic Society. The magazine's been called Stimulating and Provocative by Carl Sagan, Clearly Superior Gutsy by E. O. Wilson, and The Best Journal in the Field by Stephen J. Gould. And Daniel joins me on For Good Reason to talk about his new book, Evolution, How We and All Living Things Came to Be. It's a children's book. It's based partly on a two-part Junior Skeptic story. Daniel, welcome to For Good Reason. Hi, DJ. Thanks for having me on. Well, I wanted to have you on because this book, my gosh, what a great project, a book on evolution, a serious book, it's not dumbed down, but it is explicitly for children. Let's start off. I just want to ask you, why do you think there are so few books out there like this? Well, you know, it was a surprise to me how few there are. You know, since the book's just been released in the last couple of weeks. And you know, I've been a little bit of a giddy school girl about it, you know, checking to see how sales are going on Amazon and running down to my local bookstore to see if it's in yet. Right. Such great reaction in the blogosphere. It's been well-reviewed and it's climbing the rankings on Amazon, eh? Yeah. It's off to a great start, which is very rewarding after all this time toiling away in the attic. Anyway, my father and I, we walked into chapters, local mega bookstore here in Victoria and went down to see if it was in yet. It wasn't. But he walked up to the bookstore lady in the children's section, which is, you know, the largest section of the largest bookstore in the provincial capital of British Columbia. He said, do you have any books about evolution for kids?  One book for kids on the central organizing principle of biology. I found that kind of amazing. You know, I've done some other interviews about this book since it's been released and I've been saying things along the lines of, you know, there are many high quality evolution books for kids. Are distinguished by the following things. But, you know, I really have been overestimating. I think how how much material is available for kids. I mean, there have been good books published over the decades, you know, in the 150 years since the series was published. But things that are readily available at your local bookstore, practically nothing. And do you have a guess as to why? Is it just because evolution creationism? Is it that the notion of evolution is so controversial? Or maybe people guess that maybe it's just too complicated, too hard of a scientific issue for youngsters to grasp. I've heard both objections. I'm sure both things are operating. When we were shopping the book around to large U.S. children's publishers, we heard more than one that was too controversial or too hot, which was, you know, really astounding to me. But, you know, that's how it went. And of course, that combination of factors of, you know, the people involved may not agree with modern biology or they may assume that their market will not agree with modern biology. Those same factors play out for publishers as for local bookstores. That's what's amazing about this book being published because it's not only about evolution, of course, it's about evolution. But one thing that sets this book apart is that it covers for kids some of the objections to evolution that they might hear. So talk about controversial, right? You get into a little of the creationist notions maybe that human footprints have been found together with dinosaur footprints or some pseudoscience challenges to evolution.  It wasn't enough just to talk evolution, right? Yeah, that's correct. And I aimed the book for sort of a I think something of a novel strategy on that where on the one hand, you know, notwithstanding it for kids, I wanted to in a substantial, direct way tackle those objections because those are the objections that people, the regular folks bring to the table when they're encountering evolutionary biology. And those are the objections that kids will have inherited from their parents or their community. But on the other hand, I didn't want to divide. I didn't want to make it an us and them kind of issue. You know, this is the science. The science is a great asset for all of humanity. This book is written for eight to 13 year olds. I think that the science in quite a deep way is accessible to eight to 13 year olds if it's made made clear enough. And so I didn't I didn't want to carve up humanity into, you know, different different camps. I wanted to just deal with the arguments on their face. So I'm not actually sure that the word creationism even shows up in the book. But on the other hand, a number of arguments, which are common pseudoscientific arguments advanced by creationists are directly dealt with. Right. Scientific arguments or pseudoscientific arguments, depending on how you might want to characterize them. That's right. Another beautiful thing about the book. Well, beautiful. It's the artwork, the absolutely beautiful artwork. Thank you. These gorgeous, big, full color illustrations. You have cartoons in the book, diagrams, photographs, also a number of these computer generated creatures. Right.  It's not, you know, just by your pen. So this is a kid's book. I guess you need a lot of pictures in it to get the message across, right? Yeah, that's I mean, this is funny. You know, organized skepticism is grown out of kind of academic roots. And and the idea that, you know, it matters to have pictures. Some of those kinds of things are things that we're still reaching for. Junior Skeptic is a project, which is the the section of Skeptic Magazine that I do has always stretched and reached for those kind of production values that would allow it to compete in the marketplace of ideas. This book has, I think, up the ante considerably from from my previous work and I think from from the general production values that Skeptics are used to. You're right.  Great images, they're they're frame worthy, great job there. Daniel, you do another beautiful thing in the book. And this is just like, hey, let's have Daniel on the show so I can congratulate him on this great book. But I'm serious about this. You not only get into evolution, so kind of the brute fact of evolution. It explains how every aspect of life got here.  I know who stops and thinks about evolution, explaining everything from the petals of the rose to the lungs of a whale or the wings of a pterodactyl long extinct, you know, every aspect of life. Is explained by evolution. That is an amazing reality that kind of stops you in your tracks. Do you think kids are going to similarly be bowled over by how amazing evolution is? It's kind of inspiring to me. I wonder if you think kids are going to get that inspiration. Well, I think a failure to appreciate that the kind of on wonder of the natural world there. I think that's one of the barriers for for trying to create these books for kids. Publishers don't see how that can be how that can be done. Seems complicated. It seems dry, but as you say, you know, that, you know, if I may use this in sort of a paraphrase way, but the the spiritual power of understanding billions of years of history of life on earth and the interrelatedness of all living things, you know, it's the, you know, it is a blow your socks off kind of an idea if you're able to communicate it. Now, I'm by no means the first author to try, you know, Darwin himself. But, you know, when he he wrapped up the origin of species on it, just an unabashedly romantic note writing, there is grandeur to this view of life. And, you know, I try to I try to set that same note. And I think it's a kind of book that will make people interested in the material, but it's 100 percent how I feel, you know, it. So it's not just a gambit to get the ideas across. It's actually one of the ideas you want to get across. It's maybe the primary idea I want to get across is that that the power of the understanding that the natural universe is comprehensible, you know, that's that's the understanding that I want to pass to my young son. It's the it's real. I see when I see the those ideas, you know, sparking in his eyes when he tells me that birds are really dinosaurs. You know, it's it's powerful stuff. It's, you know, it's kind of an emotional powder cake for a parent. Right. I'd like to let our listeners know that you can get a copy of Evolution, How We and All Living Things Came to Be through our website forgoodreason.org. Daniel, almost as an aside in your book, you say that evolution doesn't actually do anything. So, you know, we just talked about the inspiration we can derive from evolution, but then you say the the notion of evolution doing something is just a figure of speech for all these mindless processes. So you're talking about drawing inspiration from mindless processes. You actually say something like there being no brain, no intelligence behind evolution that's running things. I really like how you compare evolution to the weather. You say evolution is a process that happens naturally and unthinkingly like the weather. So where are you getting inspiration from something that has no purpose in in that sense? Well, I feel almost funny making this argument. As you know, a few of you listeners may know, I'm I'm something of a skeptical purist. I've argued that skepticism should not be linked too closely to humanism or atheism or some of these parallel rationalist movements. But, you know, I am a humanist. And when I, you know, when I look around my own life and derive meaning from the relationships I have to my close relatives and my extended relatives and to all of humanity into the biosphere in general, you know, those those relationships are, you know, it's really it escapes me how anyone could face up to that that reality and not be moved by it, not be swept away by the by the the intimacy of those relationships and off of the incomprehensible vastness of the cosmos. But you're saying you're not shying away from maybe the atheistic implications or call it the philosophically naturalistic implications of thinking of evolution as mindless as the weather. Well, you know, I don't shy away from that personally. You probably know that the book strikes what might be called an accommodation tone or position right deals with religion only very briefly. And it says, you know, it just kind of briskly says, science is the science, which is a position which is acceptable to most mainstream religious believers. And, you know, science, you know, scientists are not the authorities on on spiritual matters, you know, talk to your friends about those things, talk to your parents, to your community leaders. At the moment, we're just talking about the graph text of science. So, you know, on the one hand, you know, I'm swept away by by evolution. But, you know, I think that that many people can have that experience regardless of whether or not they personally are theists of one brand or another. You're right that the book doesn't spend a whole lot of attention on the whole conflict between science versus religion. You basically just say that science cannot speak about religion. And you try to leave it at that. That's the accommodationist line that you're talking about. But on the other hand, you know, when you say direct quote from the book, science is our most reliable method for sorting out how the natural world works. But it can't tell us what those discoveries mean in a spiritual sense. To understand what that is, go talk, you say, go talk to your friends, your family, your community leaders, you don't tell kids to go talk to their religious leaders, right? So you stop short of embracing religion somehow in this book. Well, you know, it would be disingenuous for me to embrace religion. I personally am not religious. But I'm aware that, you know, any random cross section of people buying this book or any book, a large percentage of them will be religious. Now, I'm not catering to them. I'm not catering to anyone. I'm just trying to lay out the science and make it accessible for kids. But it's this topic has to come up. It's the most common objection to understanding modern biology by far.  That's not my job as a good science writer. So I just, I just, you know, said that entire matter aside, leave that up to parents and families. And, you know, it's just out of scope for the book and out of scope for science. Right. Well, I don't want to be too disagreeable. But while on the one hand, you try to kind of set it aside, maybe even skirt the issue, some might argue. On the other hand, you're pretty clear. The way I read it, you're pretty clear that not only are you saying science doesn't have a place in those religious discussions, you're saying religion does not have a place in these scientific discussions. I mean, when you compare evolution as a mindless natural process to the weather, just look at anthropology, look at in our distant past, people believed that even the weather was a function of the gods, you know, the God of thunder, God of rain, whatever, we all drew out of that. Nobody really believes in those gods anymore. And if you're saying evolution is like the weather, some people think you need a God to explain how life got here. But no, evolution is as mindless as the weather. There are kind of atheistic implications in all of that. Well, I mean, think about it like this, you know, for a billion Catholic, it's more or less acceptable to say science is true. God stepped in somewhere and infused souls into hominids. Now, I have no ability to examine that question, you know, that assertion is, you know, it cannot be tested. It is to my mind, as an atheist, personally, it's just kind of a metaphysical utterance that has no actual meaning to me, you know, it's just, it might as well be poetry. So I'm, you know, I'm hardly going to attempt to refute it. When I talk about the mindlessness of evolution, there could be exceptions in there. I mean, who knows if, you know, the gray aliens have periodically stopped in every couple of million years and settled with us. I mean, could you, would you know it if that had happened? But at this point, we have no need of that hypothesis, we don't see that anywhere in the findings of science. You know, when I talk about the mindlessness of evolution, more what I'm trying to address is a problem in language that, you know, when, when you talk about the history of life, you have to talk about things like design, you have to talk about the things like competition. But any of those things have a kind of, you know, they imply a sort of agency, which is not as far as we can tell, present in the natural world.  Evolution isn't actually doing this. There's no, it kind of just happens. There's no evolutionary agents, you know, like in the Marvel Universe, the high evolutionary, right? Yeah, I guess I got a goofy suit, but the yeah, that's right. You know, as far as we can tell, these things just unfold like the sorting of pebbles on a beach, you know, or the word as I suggest in the book, like the weather. But the way we talk about it implies agency. And so, you know, it's just kind of a failing of English language. It's really hard to deal with as a writer and my editor, a very accomplished kid's book veteran, Valerie Wyatt, she and I struggled back and forth with every one of these instances where, you know, there's an implied, you know, either it seems to imply that evolution is looking into the future, which it can't, you know, a natural section only operates under the conditions that are operating at this very moment that can't make predictions. Right. There's no idea of progress in evolution. There's no ultimate end point. Well, you know, that's a kind of a question. There is definitely no ultimate end point. You know, you can, if you pick this index of that index, you can, you can find progress in the history of life. Things do go in different directions. But it's really arbitrary what things are identifying as progress. It's just one thing happening after another. Right. Right. Why is it, you know, is it the case that intelligence is a sign of progress? Maybe not. Maybe there's purely just an aside, an inclinant sequential detour. Yeah, or an accident of evolution that's actually a curse. You know, there's been that kind of cheeky dismissal of our big brains. You know, these things are in some sense progressive. You know, like there was a time in natural history where those things were not present on the earth and over time, cognitive complexity increased at such a point that you and I can be having this conversation right now. So, you know, there are, we can see trends in fossil records, but we're haphazard. Right. But not progress in the sense that evolution has a goal for all of us to be arriving at. In other words, that humanity somehow is the pinnacle of the design of evolution or that... I remember Mark Twain talking about that.  So, you know, he says, well, you know, it must be that the whole Tower is there just for the bit of paint. I don't know. Daniel, I love the tone of the book. You've called it accommodationist. Now, I don't want to take that away from you, but it's atheistic enough for me. I think secularists and skeptics of all stripes should pick up this book for their youngsters. You're right that it's not kind of this hard line, angry atheist kid's book. I'd like to see that book written. That'd be a funny book to read. But I love this book. Anyone who wants a good entree into discussing evolution with their kids and even these, you know, more these philosophy questions or religious issues can get into that through this book, the science, of course, but also the other stuff. I want to thank you for joining me on For Good Reason, Daniel. It's a it's a great book and a tremendous pleasure. Thank you very much for having me on. And to finish up the show this week, the honest liar considers dangerous deceptions. Here's Jamie Ian Swiss. What's the most dangerous deception of all? A week ago, Jim McCormick, a 53 year old former police officer, was arrested in England on charges of fraud. McCormick is managing director in the British firm of ATSC Limited, who manufactured the ADE 651 bomb detection unit, or more accurately, a dowsing machine. Officials in Iraq, where the ATSC device was widely used by the Iraqi military, said they would begin an investigation into why their government paid at least 85 million dollars to the British company for at least 800 of the dowsing bomb detectors. 85 million dollars. Now dowsing is easy to test. And variably, when James Randy has tested dowsers around the world, he runs a preliminary demonstration in which the dowsers are shown where the target, say a glass of water, is actually located, perhaps concealed beneath an inverted bucket, or hell, science doesn't have to be complicated, let's say under a hat. In the preliminaries, the dowsers seem to always find the object a success rate of about 100%. But then, when the target is secretly located in double-blind testing, dowsers consistently perform with a success rate of about one in two, in other words, as dictated by chance and chance alone. So, dowsing doesn't work and never has, but the movement of the bent coat hangers or forked stick or ADE 651 bomb detection unit is often dramatic and seemingly mysterious, thanks to what's known as the idiomotor response. Idiomotor action was a term coined in 1852 by the psychologist and physiologist William Carpenter, who described it as, quote, the influence of suggestion and modifying and directing muscular movement independently of volition. Independently of volition, that's the important part. In other words, the person holding the bent wires or whatever object is supposed to move is actually responsible for moving the object themselves with tiny, almost undetectable muscular activity, and they don't know they're doing it. Idiomotor action explains how in the area of spiritualism, seance tables tip turned and sometimes crawled around the seance chamber, thanks to the unconscious pressures of the fingers and hands of those seated at the table. If you've ever seen a Ouija board mysteriously spelling out words and messages, that's idiomotor action too. Even today, power utilities in many parts of the country still rely on dowsers to attempt to detect water. Far more disturbingly, idiomotor action lies behind the controversial practice of so-called facilitated communication in which facilitators claim to translate the intentions of patients seriously damaged by autism, brain damage, or even those who are comatose. But all of these examples, from water dowsers to facilitated communicators to bomb detecting soldiers, often share a frustrating and disturbing aspect of the idiomotor phenomenon, namely that most practitioners are sincere. When dowsers show up for scientific testing, they believe they're going to succeed because by and large they're not actively engaged in any deliberate fraud. No one is being more fooled than themselves. And so when the tests fail, dowsers tend to think that the phenomenon is simply unpredictable and a little mysterious, that they're just having a bad day. Cognitive dissonance is typically resolved by the practitioners holding on to his belief system. It's easier for humans to believe we've had a bad day than to accept that we're just plain wrong. So dowsers and facilitators believe in their skills and abilities and tools and devices because of subjective validation. They sooner believe the evidence of their own eyes and experience than the critical inquiry of the scientific method. But if I have learned anything from my life as a magician, I know this. Human beings, all human beings, including magicians and scientists and police and judges, and military purchasing agents, too, are incredibly lousy observers. Without the double-blind test, what we think or guess about the world based solely on observation is about as reliable as the Daily Weather Report. Bad example. So it's just possible, perhaps not likely, but it is possible that Mr. McCormick, for all his millions in profit, believes in the legitimacy of his product. I'm not betting the farm on that. And it doesn't alter the fact that no matter what he believes, he should be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law for selling a useless product that cost innocent lives. But in fact, when it came to the scientific evidence against the bomb detector, Major General Jihad Al-Jabiri, the head of the Iraqi Interior Ministry's Directorate for Combat Explosives said, and I quote, whether it's magic or scientific, what I care about is detecting bombs. I don't care what they say. Now, while we can speculate that the Iraqi General might have been provided with some financial motivation for ignoring the scientific evidence against the device, despite the fact that it was, in essence, killing people, we can't be certain, because it's also possible that the General didn't care because he had personally witnessed the function of the device. I don't care what they say, sayeth the Good General, perhaps because he cared more about his own subjective experience than about what any damn scientific method I had to say about it. And people died. And so, what is the most dangerous deception of all? Self-deception.  Thank you for listening to this episode of For Good Reason. To get involved with an online conversation about this episode yourself, join the discussion at ForGoodReason.org. Views expressed on For Good Reason aren't necessarily the views of the James Randy Educational Foundation. Questions and comments on today's show can be sent to info at ForGoodReason.org. ForGood Reason is produced by Thomas Donnelly and recorded from St. Louis, Missouri. ForGood Reason's music is composed for us by Emmy award-nominated Gary Stockdale. Contributors to today's show included Jamie Ian Swiss and Christina Stevens. I'm your host, DJ Grovey.