Well, there's less said news. My name is Rob and tonight we're going to talk about first of all special nighttime edition Screening right talk about a couple of different things first of all I took a look at chat GPT and I asked it What do we need for crypto mass adoption? And quite honestly? It wasn't a surprise what they said also We'll take a look at Gary and Larry tell us what's needed for mass adoption lastly Security tokens with Swiss company arc down which is about an eight minutes Interview and last we'll just do a quick Q&A. So first things first Chat GPT What is it? Why is it important? Why is everybody talking about it? Why is everybody use it? It's actually quite an interesting process and chat GPT or Genitive pre-trained Transformers AI. It's a chat bot launched by open AI November 2022 very Has been around too long. It's built on top of open AI's GPT 3.5 family of large language models and is fine-tuned with both supervised and Reinforcement learning techniques, which is quite interesting. You ask it any question that you want to there's a link in the description You can find it and it's actually quite interesting how it all just generates the responses But basically what it does is just takes a look at Pre-responses or questions that have been asked before disseminates the information tries to give you a more accurate answer From a vast amount of knowledge of what it pulls and this is what I asked that I said When will crypto go mainstream? Very basic question. I think it's something that we'd all like to know Especially with this incredible bear market. And that's what it said. It says look It's difficult to predict exactly when cryptos will go mainstream as it depends on a variety of factors such as regulatory Developments adoption use of crypto by individual businesses and overall public perception of cryptos And it says this one major factor that could contribute to the mainstream adoption of cryptos is the development of regulatory framework that provide clarity and Guidance for their use look. I've been talking about that forever on this channel and it's not me telling you that It's the AI. It's the bot. It's the information that it has Again as much information as it possibly get it tells exactly what it is to answer that question So again regulatory framework as regulatory bodies around the world continue to explore ways to regulate crypto and where you tech it is possible that they will become more widely accepted and Used and it just goes to show you that, you know, sometimes the things that are the most simple Are the things that are right in front of our face and we can just use so now I know people are gonna say look Rob You understand Regulation we can't regulate crypto. Of course not, right?  It doesn't work like that however We can take a look at the centralized Exchanges and we can regulate those in some way shape or form maybe not co-mingling of funds Which is what happened with FTX found out something simple like that just to get in there and say hey the funds that were being used Was this something that's That you bought your house with with I don't know Rob from digital asset news and money or maybe the people that Watch digital asset news or may just generalize people in general who Believe in your platform FTX and you co-mingled that money and you used it to Whatever you did with it and now all of a sudden we're missing eight billion dollars Maybe just a little regulation on that front could be pretty good and also on the on the back end of that those are centralized exchanges. I think Just the dynamics of just stating. What is a currency in crypto currencies? Those are not all currencies. Let's be honest What is a commodity? I think Bitcoin is commodity. I think even Gary Gensler for another show who watched all the time Will agree that it's a commodity and once it's security and then how do you separate those two because in all honesty with Ethereum I Mean there's utility there with Ethereum How can you call it a security and investment contract when using it for gas fees and things like that doesn't make much sense It doesn't matter, but I'm just saying give us regulatory clarity and that'll allow other people other institutions to come in That's all I'm saying and I think chat GPT tends to agree with me on top of that. They can see this is what Gary wants and I think this is no surprise anybody. This is a tweet pre-Christmas well a couple days before Christmas Christmas Eve and he states Intel crypto platforms comply with time tested securities laws risk to investors will persist It remains a priority of the SEC to use all our available tools to bring the industry into compliance and Yeah, this is just pretty Standard stuff. I don't see where he's gonna give up here. I don't see why we keep banging our head against the wall And just go from there some pretty good pretty good comments. So pretty good nuggets here in the comment section like Ben's like Says hey, you literally met with Sam Bakeman freed and we're unable to sniff out the biggest forever generation Please tell me what these tools can do for us. They can't do anything The library says we'll give you 20 million dollars You're demanding of us if you reply with a clear explanation I've had a launch of public blockchain in the US This is a serious offer and this is from Tony from thinking cryptos is pretty funny They're like, hey, we want to deal with FTX Celsius and dope Juan from Luna, but gosh darn it Kim Kardashian and XRP and Library we're gonna get you for all the things you do again quite ridiculous But that is just what it is. So that is what Gary wants now. We take a look at What Larry wants we talked about this a couple days ago. This is Larry Fink. He is the CEO Blackrock a small asset manager of ten trillion dollars. This is about 22 seconds. Just take a listen I think this makes a lot of sense. I am I'm you know, look at it We have been part of a huge revolution in investing through ETFs We believe that ETFs will be changing the whole way we invest I Believe the next generation for markets the next generation for securities will be will be tokenization of securities Great. What the heck is that? So to answer that question tokenization of securities And if he's gonna do a public or a private blockchain because he's talking he's putting out there that hey We like to have that I Was reached out by this team from Arcton Arcton they very small company in Switzerland and they're looking to for small businesses and and Raising of funds for said small businesses and they believe in security tokens They've already done this with the Swiss government and EU and things like that the team itself I actually interviewed these guys more than in a second But the first first couple minutes was a little bit off as far as the audio saw this introduced these gentlemen This is Marin Zerengs. He is a carpet market copper capital market lawyer turns out a founder helping companies raise funds and He deals in securities. So it's good to have a lawyer on the team. Also. This is Francesco Viano He is the the blockchain experts background and finance and data analysis Certificate of advanced studies in blockchain able to program and solicit Solidity and last year 21 launched SD Overs blockchain crowdfunding source and these two gentlemen have started up with Arcton And I had they reach out to me and said Rob, you know, we deal a lot in security tokens here in Switzerland Just want to see if you'd like us to talk about I said absolutely So I really understand it so what I'm gonna do is I'm bringing these guys in this is pre-recorded so just take a listen this it's about roughly eight minutes or so and They'll explain to you exactly What they're talking about as far as Ba-ba-ba Security tokens because to me it just didn't make a toll ton of sense. So Security tokens tokenization securities, what are we talking about here? Yeah, so what is a security token? A security token from a technical point of view is exactly the same as any other So you can take like a me as a 20 token and this is actually can be a security token So what is difference between other tokens and security token? It's just like the legal backing of it because a security token is backed by a security Like a stock for a bomb, right? This means for you as an investor you have clearly defined rights throughout the issue You can also bring in before court if it does not abide by the rules And this has some big advantages which were mentioned implicitly mentioned by everything It can take like starting what's the big advantage. So I have taught you like a share of Coca-Cola company. This was gifted to me by my father Like 15 years ago and as you can see the paper and it represents a membership right in the Coca-Cola company Unfortunately, I don't know what I'm still a shareholder of this company whether the share is still valid If I want to send it to you, sell it to you, I would send it via, need to send it via post and If you send me the money back, it's a big risk because if I send the paper first I don't know whether I'll get the money in the future. So these are some of the issues other issues are like I As I said, I don't know whether I'm the owner. The paper might get burned might get destroyed might get lost so in reality a lot of mistakes happen with that and This is basically how our current security system works. So it's very slow in efficient And also super expensive and here I would say like Organization can bring a lot of value because you know, you can sell it 24-7 to anyone in the world It's transparent. I always know whether I own it or not So these are some of the advantages which you have which can bring to organization And this was also what Larry think mention although I assume that he would talk about like permission blockchains and in my opinion They don't bring that much value because you don't have this transparency You don't have like the key ownership, which is always established I would say often you need some trust and then you have the whole financial infrastructure Which is so expensive. So you take a lot of the advantage away Yeah, I can see that and we talked about this before I think of course If he's gonna talk about he says what we want to do a private one So now if we're gonna talk about trust So it's gonna be him and Jamie Diamond and a couple different people Different big players and the banks and the finance industry like do they really trust each other enough just to do it? Permissionless or permissioned in a in a closed-down environment I don't know if if that is the actual benefit of blockchain I'll think it is but apparently that's what they're gonna try it there might try to do Hopefully it'll be a fool's errand as time goes on. They'll say maybe this isn't good Maybe we'll start try to put this on a layer of one solution and then go from there. Okay So Marin's thanks so much for for bringing it down. What is the security tokens? What are the advantages all that stuff now? Let's talk about what are the disadvantages? So if we're gonna talk about a token or a tokenization of assets or just a security token in general What's the disadvantages and Francesco? This would be a question for you since you guys since you wrote a paper on this not too long ago Yeah, sure. So What we see what the regulator of course the disadvantage of having a security token is that There is regulation behind it and you have to comply with that We have to comply with the law So these these regulation came after the ICO craze that we all know that the many of the project where scams where where a lot of Investors get lost their money and this regulation came into force actually Just after that in Switzerland. We have a one of the first country to have that very Clear and ruled out and this comes For and this is one of the disadvantage in the sense that we have to comply with all these law Which actually ensures and protect investors But of course it makes a bit more complicated than just issue a utility token You have to comply with all the security laws You also have to comply with security laws in different countries if you want to issue the security into other countries You have to comply with those law laws as well So another disadvantage is that utility token though the utility issue or utility token Don't bear that much responsibility while on the technological side While if you're doing it with a security token actually, there is a there is a bit more of liability and Responsibility on the issuer side. So I will say that to to summarize So comply with the regulation. This is like this disadvantage and it is expensive as well Of course, it takes it's more expensive to issue a security token that just a utility token and on the technological side It's the issuers bears a bit more liability Gotcha, you know it to me like and before we go on I'll say it makes it makes sense to this one Yes, it's gonna suck because we're gonna have to bend the knee a little bit just to say, okay We're all gonna be securities We're all gonna have to go out and go over there every product and say now we have to register with the SEC I see it as as a as a positive in one way and that is that we have over five thousand different crypto projects And most of them are worthless So if they have to all say well, we're gonna be a security took and we all have to go this way Now it's gonna be it's expensive to do so, right? We have to go before the SEC with to hire the lawyers We have to get everything in place for them to do that. It's gonna be very difficult What will happen? Well, just like we have in different parts of the business world. They start to consolidate They can't make it bigger projects eat up the smaller projects and those products become bigger because there's a shortage of really good blockchain developers Apparently so I can see it in one way. It's an advantage disadvantage like we said, Francesco I totally understand which makes me to our last question Does it make sense for some current crypto products to go this route? And I don't want to get into the the Discussion because Marin's will probably run rings around me about about what will be considered an investment contract a utility and a security And what could be not but just we'll start with Francesco again We'll end up with Marin's but would it make sense for some current products to go this round say fine or a security? Let's do this Yeah Yeah, exactly. I would argue that it could make totally sense if you're a crypto project and you want to go through our Traditional fundraising process then why not to in a security token tokenize your shares and Ishrine to your your community your investors and go directly that way that could be one potential application Another another another reason why it will make sense. It's like avoiding legal uncertainty You could go directly for our for a security without avoiding all these legal troubles that could arise potentially Whether is a ST or an ICU or ICO For instance, we have seen an example here in Switzerland. We're actually there is a project who has actually converted is Utility token into security tokens. It's called modem is a startup between Zurich More oriented in the the pharma side, but they did exactly this they converted their utility token into securities Interesting interesting. All right, so then Marin's what do we got here? Would it make sense same thing for you for current price to go this router? You think now just leave them the same way they are No, I think it makes a lot of sense the crypto projects to you to issue security tokens Because at the moment, I mean the market is just a very huge if you think about it like all the crypto the total market cap for Projects maybe one trillion US dollar and see a very restricted to that market But if you issue security token you can also access all kind of investors currently invest into securities and This market is 400 trillion US dollar So there's just much bigger market if you wish issue security tokens than the current status quo Interesting that'll be it. All right. Well gentlemen, I want to say thanks again for stopping by I had a I had these questions about security tokens and of course some of those questions were answered We'll head you back at some point, but thanks so much for coming on the show Great that's it so again I want to say thank you to Marin's and Francesco for coming on the show and explaining to us what security tokens are they make a lot of sense to me in the very beginning but Kind of understanding exactly where it is and that will conclude it for tonight's late night live stream So if you like the video give it a thumbs up consider subscribing all that good stuff now If you want to stick around I'll answer all your running questions to the best of my abilities We go over a little Q&A if you can't stick around and stick around see you later. Thanks for stopping by appreciate you now Let's get into the cues so


As a world master, this year's edition of the Persons with Disability Day, Seder's Seed Foundation has taken the awareness advocacy to the mosque, but these to draw the attention to the plight of people with disabilities at the workplace, at home, worship centers, and even in political places. The gender and inclusion officer for Seder's Seed Foundation, Alabedi Jannet explains why worship centers were chosen to begin the advocacy. Most of the building in Nigeria are not accessible for persons on which year, even people using crutches. You go to most of the this high building. You see that there is no lift, there is no ramp. Even in terms of healthcare, healthcare, you go to the hospital for the hearing impaired. There is no sign language interpreter to interpret for them when they go for antennas or visit the hospital for any reason. You go to the market, go to the churches, they are not accessible. In terms of employment, persons with disabilities are left behind. So that's why we are using the opportunity to create awareness. We are using the opportunity of the day to create awareness that persons with disabilities are also human beings. And the right for persons with disabilities, there is nothing new. They are human rights for a building to be accessible. It's human rights. Persons with disabilities should be able to access healthcare. They are human rights. Some persons with disabilities were visibly sat with the way they are discriminated against, and the night from praying alongside your able-bodied counterparts. I'm not happy because the people were, people got men, what we are doing is, we're not happy because anybody where you see you for inside which year will not say, maybe we do us like this. Now God, everything is from God. We say the thing with the world is us, but we don't know where we're going to now. Like this God likes to see us. So we're not happy anybody where you see man for inside year or inside the colors. It's not good. We are human beings. So this can't do where we see. If the election comes, then go the foreigner, then go the gather us, then go the mayor, then come down, can't do what, can't do what. So if it doesn't finish down on itself, then go the do, no sense for you.  Like you are human being. I want to enter here, they stop me telling me say they don't want allow me to enter. I answer them, say what you are doing, then they tell me say they don't allow me because of people wear them, they beg for inside, they don't allow them to enter. But the two women do me, they fear me for my mind because that is why I come telling me because of I don't want trouble, because of me I'm not be fighting, not be say fight, I want to come here, not only friend. They allow people wear girl like enter, people wear no girl like. Don't be say, don't go enter. Be people wear no girl like come, me what you want. May the allowance enter, if happiness may them come out.


Hi everyone and welcome back to another holiday card making video. Today I will be working with a lovely stamp set that is packed with snowflakes. This is a new stamp set by my favorite things and I'm going to do some embossing. I used my embossing bag all over the cardstock. This is going to ensure that there is no static electricity and the embossing powder is going to stick only on the stamped images. So I'm going to lay some of the snowflakes on top and start stamping everything with my embossing ink. Now in terms of positioning the snowflakes I picked the larger one from the set and I stamped that at the center of my card so this is going to provide a space where I will stick the sentiment later on. Now all around that bigger snowflake I'm going to stamp smaller ones to embellish the rest of the background. Now the embossing ink doesn't dry quickly which means that I have enough time to play around with my snowflakes, decide where everything is going to go and I don't have to do that stamping in a hurry. Even if that process takes me about 10 minutes you will find out that the embossing powder is going to still stick on the ink which is something that I absolutely love about this embossing technique. So now here I picked the smallest of the snowflakes and I'm using just a stamping block and I'm going to fill in the gaps in between the larger snowflakes. I used a bright white embossing powder by WoW and now I'm going to use my heat gun and melt everything. By the way the cardstock that I'm using here is by Nina and it is the Desert Storm. I absolutely love this craft color and I think that white with this craft and a touch of red that I will add at the end really gives you a very elegant and beautiful combination. Now I'm going to do some inking and I'm using white ink here. Also I'm using a stiff brush but any brush or branding tool who will to work for this technique I'm just bringing in some white from the edges towards the center. This is going to create kind of a frame all around and it's going to give a really soft and elegant look. I absolutely love the result. The ink pad that I'm using here is the white premium pigment ink by Simon Says Stamp. Being a pigment ink it means that it's going to take it some time to dry so make sure that you don't touch it with your fingers to avoid any smudges. For my sentiment I cut out the word joy and this comes from this dye set by my favorite things. This is from the October release and I am also going to combine it with one of the sentiments from the bitty holiday wishes stamp set again from the October release. Now I have cut out the word joy by using white cardstock as well as red cardstock. I'm going to stick everything together one on top of the other with the red being at the top. This is going to give the look of a chipboard element on my sentiment.  I think it is really pleasing to the eye. Now for the rest of the sentiment I have some foam squares at the back so this adds some dimension on my card and I have here a four and a quarter by five and a half pre-folded card. I'm going to stick the panel on top and you will see that my panel is slightly smaller than the standard card so I end up having a white border which is a frame that I always like to have I think it gives elegance and a finished look on my cards. Now you can leave this card as it is it looks gorgeous but I decided to add some blink on it since this is a card for holidays and I will use these gold crystals by Studio Katia at every one of the centers of the snowflakes. There are different sizes in this pack so for the bigger ones the bigger snowflakes I'm going to pick the larger of the gems while for the smaller ones I'm going to use the teeny tiny ones. I have already added some dots of glue with my nouveau de luxe glue at the center of the snowflakes and you can see here a finished look on my card and this card would look beautiful with silver gems or even crystal clear ones so that was the project for today you will find everything I used linked down below in the description area I hope that you had fun that you got inspired don't forget to leave me a comment like and subscribe if you haven't done so already and I'll see you next time


You're a client director in music access. What does that entail? What do you do as a client director? We are working with what is called below-the-line activities in marketing, which is traditionally face-to-face communication, its sponsorships, its events, its guerrilla marketing, ambush marketing, just to give you a few examples.


Hello everyone, welcome to NPTEL course on rural water resource management. This is week 11 lecture 1. In the past weeks, we have been looking at how groundwater, rural water, surface water can be preserved using natural and engineered settings. Basically, in week 10, we looked at natural rainwater harvesting, wherein we capture the surface water and then slow it down using nature-based solutions. Rainwater comes in big volumes sometimes and in quick time, which means in a concentrated time. So it is better to capture this rainfall and then slowly recharge it and slowly let it grow as surface runoff. Otherwise, all the water would wash away and erode the soil and also reduce your groundwater. Then we looked at methods to store this water using engineered solutions and nature-based solutions. In some locations, there is not much nature-based solutions you could do or the scale is too big. So you have engineered solutions like dams and other resources infrastructure. In week 10, we focused mostly on nature-based solutions and we looked at where naturally we can store water like in depressions, lakes, ponds, etc.  It slows down and then lets water to recharge. Also, there is some storage in the plants area which can actually help in storing water like a wetland atmosphere. Then we looked at regions where there has been loss of biodiversity, loss of forest, plants and then we looked at options to reintroduce forests in these locations, especially the afforestation and agroforestry. We looked at Miyawaki method where we brought small plants, take them in shade and then introduce them in the wild. All these require a lot of time and maintenance up to a particular point after which the system can be involved. So with this, we complete the Rural Water Resource Management lecture based on the principles, the fundamentals, the drivers, everything has been discussed. Now we will look at the databases. So with the understanding you have created over the 10 weeks, it is important to have data to work on and that is where we will be focusing on week 11 and week 12. Basically, we will be looking at where we can get the data. What are the cautious points that we have to follow while downloading these data and what is the principle use of these data? So Rural Water Database can be obtained from multiple sources. I am going to pull up the pointer to just show that. NGOs collect a lot of data. So we will look at how NGOs collect data, why they collect data in this lecture. Papers, journal articles like academics like me where we write a lot of papers to show the scientific scholar at activities and also work. You will look at where we store these data. Then the next step is the government agencies because NGOs are private non-government agencies then when you go to the government agencies there are two major types your state agencies and the central agencies. The state agencies have their own budgets, small scale budgets compared to the central government and they work on the state's need. They work very focussely on the state water resources and under the state water resources rural water resources is key. Then we go to central agencies where we have thematic agencies. For example, we have climate change and forestry, we have water resources, gelgeven mission, all these different agencies within the government. How they collect data, where do they store it and how can you access it. Then we will also be looking at remote sensing platform because some of the databases I have mentioned may not be able to capture the entire spatial and temporal resolution. Spatial means across India every single district can you collect data is a question or even every single block. Also some of these data are not collected daily whereas your remote sensing can at least give you weekly estimates. So in this lecture series, we are not going to pick one and say this is the best because it depends on your location and where you want to do your research for the time period. Also the research question. For example, if I am looking at groundwater for rural areas, the observation record is only once every four months. So can I augment it, can I add remote sensing data is the key. Then we look at central water agencies where remote sensing is also a part. For example, ISRO is a central agency, government agency and it has a lot of remote sensing products which the government agencies are using. So it's not one data is better than the other. How can we use them together? I will discuss in this and the week after this lecture, which is the last week. So we are almost coming to the end of the rural water resource management course and I would like to focus on the principles that we discussed in class are enough to at least create the basic understanding and start managing the water resources. To have hands-on experience, we are looking at these data sets. So let's get into today's lecture on the first aspect which is your NGO and paper-based data. I will also, while completing this lecture, I will also go into the WRIS database and show exactly where these data are stored so that you can easily retrieve the data. For example, here I'm showing the groundwater aquifer type data across India and you could see that all this data can be downloaded and used for your water resource assessment. In fact, there are places in this region where some of the groundwater structures that we discussed, the natural reaches structures, the engineered structures cannot work. So we need to understand these potentials which the groundwater board has done and put it on these websites. I would say WRIS is a more centralized location of your data and I'll be happy to explain most important data sets and let you learn in due course how to use these data sets. So without further ado, the first rural water data resources we'll be looking at is publications. So publications are written by scientific scholars and students and who are active in research. Most of these are found in the Google Scholar. So basically, while Googling your data that you need, you can go to Google Scholar. Google Scholar is part of Google which focuses only on papers, journal articles. For example, you have Google Books, you have Google Scholar. Both are scientific knowledge products are kept. Let's say for example, if you want to go from one location to another location, you use Google Maps. So how you use Google Maps? Because it has a separate vertical under the Google umbrella only for maps. Similarly, you have one vertical for scientific publications and that is called Google Scholar. Here, you can take a lot of paper which has data. For example, I'll spend one more minute on this Google Scholar. I'm showing you a report that has come in Google Scholar and what you could do is you could get into these resources and collect the data. I'll also explain how you collect the data and how you cite it. So what do NGOs do? NGOs write also reports and publications and research manuals. These may not be accessed in Google Scholar. You should use only the Google to find it. Why is because most of the papers that are put in the Google Scholar database is peer review, which means it goes through a scientific process where the paper's content and the data, the results is checked by a couple of scientists or researchers or academics. They should give a thumbs up saying this paper is good. Then it comes into publication domain and then it goes to Google Scholar. So you first write a paper, you send it to a review process. The reviewers give comments, that is the peer review. And then once the paper is accepted, it goes to the publisher. After the publishing is done, it goes to Google Scholar. So that is what publications are. However, NGOs don't have to go through that route because this process is time consuming and they know that their data is good. It's a very localized data and not much science but applications of science principles and data. So for that, they would keep NGOs reports, publication manuals in open domain and publications, the research publications, paper publications sometimes require money to publish. So since the NGOs work on a very short budget and it is not a profit making company or industry, so they would publish in open domain, which is Google also. So I'll go through some of the reports and how they're doing it. In this week lecture, I'll also look at first state databases because state databases are huge and they have a lot of data that is collected and maintained rigorously in their work domain. So think about a massive server. A massive server can stay in the center of example, the capital Delhi and then have data for all the regions across India. However, the state can also have their own servers and from the state server, the state data can be housed and shared with public. So we will look at how this state databases are run, what are the data that they collect and how you can access it. Okay, so before we move on to the state data basis and an example, I would like to show one example of an NGO report. So here's one report and inside the report, what you would find is a lot of government archived data and they collect data. So similar the publications I mentioned where the scientific community writes proposals and collects data. The NGOs also do the same method of writing proposals and collects data. They analyze it using the own team scientific team and they put it in these websites or in this books. These books are kind of open source. It is not a hard copy. For example, it is stored in as a PDF in the database, which can be shared with everyone. So there are a lot of databases. Research Gate is one database where a lot of papers you can access and publications. Google Scholar, as I said, has all these publications. Then they write reports, annual reports. For example, every year what have they done in terms of securing funds and for the funding agency. Like for example, you have Melinda Gates Foundation, which is giving money for a rural water resource management work. The NGOs take the money, they work on the field and then they collect data, put it into the database and reports and publish it. It may not go into a scientific publication, but still it can go into a good report like this. Then you have the manuals, which they use for training and also building capacity. See NGOs do a lot of extension work, which means they connect people, they talk to people and they train them to manage the water resources. So for training, they collect data, they analyze data and they reproduce data. So all these work in the manuals, tutorials that they make and they publish it. Then the state databases, as I said, there are a lot of databases created for each state and some of the data are dam level. For example, you have the irrigation projects, which is we covered in lecture 9, week 9. We looked at engineered data, engineered infrastructures and we saw how dams help. So now we need to know the levels so that we know how much discharge is left, how much water comes in, what goes out of the system. So to create all these water budgets, the database is created at state level and dam level, discharge, rainfall, groundwater level is collected. This is at a state level and they also do a lot of dissemination. So let's look at focusing on the publications first. So each one I will go in detail. What can you get from publications? Please be careful on assessing a lot of content in the paper. See, the paper is not going to give you all the data you need. You will have to search for the data that you need. For example, the study data can be found as written inside the lines. For example, they will say the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer is 10 meters per second. So that 10 value is the data you need for your groundwater assessment. In other words, they could say that, for example, this region in data watershed, they could say that the rainfall, annual rainfall is 655 millimeters. See, that number is because they put rain gauges, they collected rainfall in the village. So this was done by the MARV team. Do a lot of NGOs. So they collect the data and they write as a publication. So in the publication, you have this data as rainfall for DARTA is 655 millimeters. This data you may not get readily in government records or the state records because maybe they are not monitoring at that particular village. However, this study has done it. So what I am trying to tell is search for publications. Put the village name, put rainfall in Google Scholar. You may get some hits and use that hit to collect or make data. So this is kind of your data mining. I am getting into more data labels here. And data mining is a term where you go and mine, dig and take out data. So from the paper, you should have that time and expertise to collect data from a paper. Sometimes publications also give you a link to the data. For example, nature publications, hype and publications, they always have a link or a database linked to the paper because they want people to use it. All these are open source data. It is not a data which is stored in the government agencies because it is not funded by them. But the people who fund the paper or the study, they would like to see the data for public use, which is open source data. So you could go to these links, the paper links, click the data and use it. For example, this paper, Marvie, you could go into the funder's webpage, which is ACIR, and you can take the data and use it for your studies and understanding, etc. Also, some agencies put a mandate saying that the data has to be shared to public. For example, if I am writing a DST project, which is Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, they will say sometimes, please make the data available for public. So how do you do it is you create these data as an Excel sheet or a database and link it into the paper. You can give it a Google account, Google Drive account or some server which is from your university. For example, IIT Bombay, I can put it in a cloud and then give the data. So the point here is those information are put inside the publication. So you need to go in and collect the data from the papers. So please skim through the paper. At the end, it will say acknowledgement and also supplement data or data in appendix. So then you can go back and then click and take the data out. Also, they will have data in between the lines, as I told you. For example, there is a rainfall is 655 millimeters and or they will also put it as a table. In the table, you have data. You can take out the data, but very sure you should always acknowledge it. I will come to that point. So you can collect data like discharge, rainfall, most importantly the boundaries. The boundary of this watershed is not available online. You cannot get it online. So you could actually get it from the paper or email the author. Every paper will have the details of the author in the paper. It is called corresponding author. So look for the word corresponding author. You can email them and give the data. So then you could use that data to create these maps by yourself, which is the watershed is a very important aspect in the water management, I said. And then you could collect all the rainfall data, other data that is inside the paper. You could also write to the authors asking them about these data sets. So you can use averages and trends that they talk about in the data. For example, they would say the average rainfall is 655 millimeters per year and the 20-year trend shows that there is a slight increase in rainfall of 10 millimeters per year. So what you could say 20 years every year you have a 10 millimeter increase or is it after 20 years a 10 millimeter increase. You can get these information from the paper so that for your area, if there is a 20 millimeter increase per year and there is a 10-year difference, you can easily calculate how much rainfall has increased in your region. So you can kind of extrapolate or take the data from the previous data. Email the author. As I said, you can write to authors. I have a lot of requests from my papers to say, can you please share the data? Most of the authors share the data. For example, I share the data. However, if I am working on the paper again and I need to save the data until I write my papers, I will not give it. So that is one caveat. So if the author says, sorry, I cannot give it, please understand. They may be writing a paper or it may be sensitive data to things. The last thing is they'll be happy to share the data and work with you on these water budgets. So you can also ask them if they could work with you. Most importantly, from publications, please cite them. Citations is mandatory because they've put some time, collected the data and put it on a publication. All they would like to see is, if you're collecting data without asking the author, if you're collecting from the papers, then you have to give them credit. Let's see, for example, this is the watershed Dharthas groundwater level. And you would see from Jan 94 to Jan 14, the data has been collected. So what you should do is you should tell that, okay, in Jan 2002, I have this groundwater level. I take that water level and I can understand that the water level is declining and then it's stabilized. See, all these trends you can make. From here, you can easily say that Jan 2002 is around 478. It's average you can take just from the figure. So this is how I'm saying you could take the data or create an understanding about the water from publications. If you're going to use it in your thesis, in your work, in your publication or report, please cite them. You have to give citations. You can Google and see what is citation and how to cite. Basically, you have to write the author's name in your report. For example, if you're using this work, you would say, Marvi, you have to cite. Maybe you can put the whole website saying that thanks to Marvi, Marvi.org.in for the paper, for the paper which had the data. And that data you have used in your research. Then I will go to rural water data from NGOs. This is very similar to the publications, but these are books and papers that you can find not in Google Scholar, but in other, just a very simple Google search or in the agency's webpage, like here in me, here atree, you can go there and collect the data. So what do they have is project reports. As I said, every project will have a report in an NGO. Let's take this example. Water management in the Noyan Basin, situation analysis. I was part of this study. And what we did is we collected a lot of data from the government. So inside that, you see a lot of curves, trends, graphs from the government data. And physically, I collected a lot of data for groundwater, dam, tank levels, etc. Those data are also mapped inside the paper. So you could ask the atree office to share the data if they are willing, or you could take from the graph, you could understand the trends and write it in your report. So that is where you have project reports which have the data and your annual reports from NGOs, which they submit annually to the government or to the funding agency, will have all these data as a supplement. Mostly NGO data are available because they would like people to use it, unlike academics, because academics papers, they write a lot and they have to save the data until the papers are published. Whereas these type of NGOs, they promote more data sharing and they actually give you the data on request. Then they have a lot of training events. For example, in EME, they do a lot of groundwater trainings, surface water training. And for the training, they give some data and also take you to the field and collect data. All these data are stored in the database webpage. You can click and access it. Then there are monographs and white papers from the NGOs, which are mostly focused detailed study reports or white papers which is focused writing of a particular issue. So monographs will have a lot of data about a study area. So here if we say no yield river basin, if the lot of data is collected for that basin, then monographs are established. Mono is single and graphs. So it is more studies and data from a particular region. Whereas white papers is focusing on a particular issue. So here is where you could see that the rural water data can be mined from papers and NGOs and can be used in your research. For example, in this book for the Ganges Water Basin, they had conducted study on transmissivity hydraulic conductivity specific yield for the region. Sometimes that data is not available readily for the public. However, the data is here. You can go and take the data and use it in your models. Also the layers, how many layers of the aquifer are given in these reports. You could take it and use it. They've done conceptual models and a hydrological model setup, which you can use to understand the water budget and make water management better. So this is how you could use report data. I'm giving one more example here where you can see groundwater depletion and location of the tanks. You can see here there is a very a pallium tank and then there is an ortho-pallium reservoir. All these things can be mapped into the GIS layer and that layer is inside this book, which is the water management in the Noil Gryffindor Basin. It talks about how the water travels from the Willingery Hills through the villages and cities and then goes out. Throughout the lot of data, as I said, we collected. I collected groundwater data, tank data and it is in the book. You could refer the book to study about that region. Similarly, there are other reports for various regions nationally and internationally that you could collect for your work. I hope I clarified how you could mine data using Google, using the books, using the publications. Please don't say that there is not enough data. That may be the case, but you can also write to these people as email and get the data for your work. So with this, I would conclude today's lecture. I would see you in the next lecture when we discuss more on databases at state level. Thank you.


Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States. Well, thank you. Thank you all very much, and welcome to the White House. It's a real pleasure for me to have the charter members of GOPAC here today. Not only are you doing great things for America, but you're also such good company. You know, ever since the postal rates went up, I'm not getting many letters anymore. But I especially want to thank Bo Calloway, Newt Gingrich, and Joe DiGuardi for their hard work and persistence that have made GOPAC so effective. Bo, after your service to our nation as Secretary of the Army, and more recently as Chairman of the Colorado GOP, two tough jobs, I'm very pleased that you've taken on the big challenge of guiding GOPAC in its vital political mission. And Newt, with your hands full, tangling with the liberal Democrats in Congress, I'm delighted that you can find the time to make GOPAC the success it is. In fact, my staff has told me that Newt was on the phone about three times a day, seven days a week, when we were setting up today's visit. And Congressman Joe DiGuardi, thanks for all your efforts for GOPAC and in the House. I think these three deserve a round of applause, don't you? You know, I believe for some time that it's inevitable that we'll become the majority party. But even when something is inevitable, it still takes a lot of effort and dedication to make it happen sooner rather than later. And that's why I want to thank all of you for your tremendous support for the Republican Party. You know, I'm reminded of an old story. Things usually do remind me of a story. I hope you haven't heard it because I've been telling it a lot. It's about an old, and I just think of it in connection with what I've talked to you about the job we all face. It's about an old farmer who had a piece of Creek Bottom land on his property, and it was all studded with rocks and covered with brush. And one day he started in on it, and he grubbed out the brush and he hauled away the rocks. Then he ploughed and he cultivated and he fertilized and he planted, and pretty soon he had quite a garden spot there on that Creek Bottom land. And one Sunday morning in church after the service, he asked the ministry, kind of told him what he'd been doing and said, you know, I'd like to have him come out and see it while the minister came out to see it. And when he looked, he said, oh, this is marvelous. He said, I've never seen such melons. How the God has blessed this land. And look at that corner, tall corn there. He said, the God has certainly been good to all of this. And he went on this way and the old man was getting a little bit jittery, fidgety as this went on and finally turned to him and he said, oh, he said, what a wonderful thing has been done here with the help of the Lord. And the old boy says, Reverend, I wish you could have seen it when the Lord was doing it by himself. But your goal and also my goal is to win a Republican majority in the U.S. House of Representatives. You know, the Republicans haven't controlled the house since 1954. And even worse than that, as of now, in 1988, the Democrats have controlled the House of Representatives for 54 of the 56 years leading up to this year that we're in right now. For only four years, two years Truman had a Republican Congress. I had one for two years. But for the rest of the time, every Democratic president, except me, has had both houses of the legislature in Democratic hands, Republican presidents, as well as the Democratic presidents having that. And then I was lucky enough to get one house, the Senate, for the first six years. And all of these gains that we've made couldn't have been made if we hadn't had that one house. Now we're back to two again against us. GOPAC not only knows what we're trying to do can be done, I think this has been one of the Democrats' key instruments of political control. With your support, we're going to change that. And as I said, GOPAC knows that this can be done and it also has a plan for how it can be done. Not overnight, but over the course may be of several elections. By starting at the grassroots and building upward, your common sense program of electing Republicans to the state legislatures is a superb strategy. Because when I was governor, except for one brief year, I had a Democratic legislature, both houses, for seven years. It reminds me of your strategy of one great baseball player years ago who's asked what his secret was for getting base hits. He led the league in that. He says, I just hit him where they ain't. Well, in these legislative races, you get a big impact from your expertise and resources. You build the party at the local level. You groom top-notch candidates for Congress. And you help assure the American people and the Republican Party that the next redistricting is a fair one. And that's coming up just about a year or so. And why have they been victorious all this time? Well, because they've been in charge of the reapportionment for a half a century now. For example, in California in 1984, Republican House candidates won a majority of the popular vote statewide. But the Democrats got 60 percent of the House seats. That's due to that gerrymandering. And according to projections, after the 1990 census, California could gain as many as five more, Congressman. And so control of the state legislature will be essential to ensuring that the new congressional districts are fairly drawn. And to take control of the California Senate or assembly, the Republicans need just five additional seats in either chapter. So the situation will be much the same in other states. Gains of just two seats in the Illinois Senate or in the Pennsylvania House, for example, will win Republican control of those legislative chambers. In fact, just by picking up 70 key seats in state legislatures across the country and keeping the ones we have, the Republican Party would have control of a majority of the state legislative chambers in the United States. That's just 70 more victories out of more than 5,000 legislative seats at stake this year. And with Vice President George Bush and his tremendous record at the top of our ticket, and with the Massachusetts liberal at the top of theirs. I think we'll make big gains in 1988. You know, the way they so carelessly talk. I just was reading a clipping here about the wife of our presidential opponent, our candidate, opposition, and how she just casually said to the people with regard to her interest in the fight on drugs, and of course part of her fight is she wants to legalize them or she thinks that might be all right. But that I took away half the funding of the Coast Guard at a time when they're needed for the fight on drugs. I didn't take a penny away from them. The United States Congress took that money away from them. And we'd like to have it given back because we know what a job they've been doing in helping us intercept drugs. Well, as I say, the state legislatures are much more than just a stepping stone. They're increasing to the site of key domestic policy decisions that until recently were decided in Washington. You see, by limiting the growth in federal programs and appointing judges who respect federalism, we've shifted power back toward the states. This is a key part of our conservative philosophy, and GOPAC, by helping to elect solid Republicans to state and local office, is helping to bring good, effective, limited government to the whole country. For nearly a decade, GOPAC has been planting Republican seeds across the nation, and that the political climate in America has changed. All of you deserve much of the credit. A lot's happened that we can be proud of. We rebuilt our armed forces. We liberated Grenada from the Communists and helped return the island to democracy. We struck a firm blow against Libyan terrorism. He hasn't been half as noisy as he was before. And the Soviets have begun to pull out of Afghanistan. The INF Treaty has ratified, and we're working on the Strategic Defense Initiative to defend ourselves and our allies against nuclear terrorism. We've filled nearly half the federal judiciary with judges committed to the law and the Constitution. The United States has had 66 consecutive months of economic growth. That is the longest peacetime expansion in our nation's history. We've created nearly 17 million new jobs. And contrary to what they say, the most of those jobs, the great majority, have been in the higher income-earning brackets, not down there at menial type jobs and so forth. The top personal tax rate has been cut in half, and we've brought inflation, unemployment, and interest rates down to their lowest levels in years. And it seems to me that all in all, that's not a bad record if you only work a few hours a day. But I just want to thank you for what you're doing and let you know that it really makes a difference. I'll be going around the country this year campaigning for the Republican Party and working to elect George Bush. And I look forward to telling the people, George has been an active part of all the things that we've accomplished in this administration so far. I started that back when I was governor, that I didn't believe that a vice president or a lieutenant governor should be just sitting there taking your pulse. I said they should be like an executive, vice president, and a corporation. And that's what George Bush has been, and as I say, has participated in all the great actions and led some of them. Well, I'll probably see a lot of you along the way, and I'll look forward to that also. So I want to thank you, and God bless you, except I can't resist something now that I've got you captives here. I have a new hobby. I collect stories that I can prove are told by the Soviet citizens among themselves. And they show a great sense of humor in the part of those people, but also kind of a little cynicism about their system. And so my latest acquisition along that line came as after I got back from the summit, one of our Secret Service agents told me, this one that he found was being told there, that Gorbachev and I were in a limousine, and I had the chief of my Secret Service unit with me, and he had his head security man with him, and we were sightseeing. And we pulled up at a waterfall, a big waterfall, and got out to look at it. And Gorbachev said to my agent, he said, go ahead, jump, go over the falls. And my agent said, I've got a wife and three kids.  And he did. Well, my man scrambled down the rocks to the bottom of the falls to see what had happened and found him down there wringing out his clothes. And he said, when he told you to jump, why did you do that? Why'd you jump? He says, I've got a wife and three kids. I've got to get on my way now, but I just thank these three again and thank all of you for all that you're doing.


California is once again dealing with devastation. More than two dozen major fires and lightning complexes across the state. For those who have suffered damage to their homes, there is help available. When Cal OES works to help communities recover, we work with a whole community of partners from the federal government, local nonprofits, the Red Cross, faith-based organizations, and similarly, for the individual, they need to realize that there's a multitude of organizations out there to help you, but you're your own best advocate in finding those organizations and reaching out to those. Don't rule yourself out for federal assistance. A lot of times folks do. They think, well, I'm not going to qualify. I had a pretty good insurance policy. Maybe my home wasn't completely destroyed. You've got to get yourself registered. If anyone has suffered any damages, any losses, please let us know. You need any type of assistance at all. Register with FEMA. You can register by calling 1-800-621-3362 or our website, www.disasterassistance.gov. You can make all of your preparation, all your registrations right there. Homeowners should also immediately call their insurance provider. The California Department of Insurance has great resources for wildfire survivors. You can find a top 10 tips list on their website at insurance.ca.gov or call them with questions. 1-800-927-4357. And here are five simple tips for those who have been affected by wildfires. First, if you have not already done so, register with FEMA and file an insurance claim for the disaster cause damage that you've suffered, even if you don't think you're eligible for federal assistance. Second, check with your local county and see what resources they have available. Get a copy of your policy from your insurance provider. Document everything, including conversations with your insurance. And finally, ask questions. You are your own best advocate. For the very latest on resources available across California, visit response.ca.gov.