Okay. Okay. Hey everybody. Welcome to our next talk about the relation between Debian and free software foundation. So please give a warm applause to John Sullivan. Thank you. So my name is John Sullivan. I'm the executive director at the Free Software Foundation. I work at the Boston office. I've been there since 2003, not coincidentally also the first year I became a Debian user. I've been the executive director just since 2011. And in my free time outside of that, I've been a Debian developer since 2010. I don't think contrary to what Lina said last year that I'm either crazy or on drugs, but I will leave that up to you to decide, and I will plead jet lag most likely. So unfortunately, as my FSEF responsibilities have increased, my time for other free software projects like Debian that I worked on in the past has decreased. So I have to confess that my packages are in a pretty terrible state right now, especially the crucial X word package, which I know you've all been missing. How do you do your Sunday crosswords without the X word package? I'm hoping to spend some time this week to get those things back in a better state and make some time to contribute meaningfully. I'm talking here as an FSEF representative, but as a Debian developer, I also really want to see a closer relationship between the two groups and between the two projects. It's something that's really important to me personally, but I think also really important to both the FSEF and Debian as projects that are uniquely committed to free software ideals. I really appreciate the chance to talk to you all about this today. This is a bigger group than I was expecting. I was surprised to be scheduled on the weekend with the emphasis on the open public day. I'm really honored by that and really appreciate you all being here. So related to that, can I just ask for a quick show of hands? How many people saw my session last year in Portland? Okay, so less than half. So I am going to cover some things that will be a bit repetitive from that last year, but I think it's necessary in order to set the context and make some of these points clear. And we have a, well, we have a bit less than an hour here. And my plan was to try to leave at least 15 minutes at the end for a discussion. I'm here to answer any questions or hear any feedback you have for the FSEF in general, in addition to the points that I cover in the presentation. But you can still interrupt me if you like as well along the way, if you have questions that are especially pertinent to something that I'm saying. So other than LibrePlanet, which the FSEF hosts every year in March, DebConf has quickly become my favorite event of the year because it is so committed to both the community and the production of free software. And that is very different from what seems to be the trend at other events that I attended throughout the year, which have a greater emphasis on figuring out how to support proprietary software using free software. So it really feels good to be here. And I am in awe, I would love for LibrePlanet to be able to travel around the world each year instead of always be located in Boston like DebConf does. But I have no idea how you guys pull that off year after year so well. You know, speaking of working together, maybe we can co-locate an event sometime that might be a fun thing to try and also, you know, my secret agenda to figure out exactly how you manage to do this so well. I hope that some of you, nevertheless, will make it to LibrePlanet in Boston next year. We've had several speakers from the Debian community there over years past. And it will be awesome to have more of a presence there. Also, you know, we have a bit of a friendly competition, and now we have to step it up since you've surpassed LibrePlanet in terms of attendance. We need to do a better job of getting more people there. So congratulations on the record setting registrations this year. It's awesome to see. This is actually only my third DebConf, but it's my second one in a row. So this is a nice opportunity to be able to check in and present some updates about some of the project possibilities as collaborations that I mentioned last year during the talk. But first thing I want to say is happy birthday. I couldn't celebrate too much last night because I had to be, you know, awake and coherent to present at what is 5 a.m. my time. But I did enjoy being there and the vegan cakes were delicious. Thank you for having those. We should also say happy birthday to Genome. We returned 18 on the same day yesterday. So can we say happy birthday, Genome? The FSF is also, well, first I want to say that Debian has been and continues to be an incredibly important project for free software. And nothing that we talk about in terms of the FSF's endorsement or the way that we see particularities of Debian should take away from that big picture view. The FSF has had many servers running Debian over the years with only main installed, of course, and several other distributions that we actively endorse and promote actually are derived from Debian and couldn't exist without them. So I want to thank you all for your hard work, for the quality of the work that you do, the technical quality and also for your commitment to your free software ideals and the principles that have driven Debian for those last 22 years. I think it's incredibly valuable and part of why I'm here is to help see what I can do to help in that work. So the FSF is also celebrating a milestone birthday this year. It's our 30th birthday and we are having a celebration that I hope some of you will be able to make it to. On October 3rd in Boston, we'll have both a mini user summit, user freedom summit during the day and then a party in the evening. And if you can't attend in person, I hope that you will check out. There will be local events around the world that people are already stepping up to organize. It'll be fun opportunities for people to get together and celebrate free software and what the free software movements achieved. So today I want to talk about two main themes. The first of which is the question of why the FSF, the delicate question of why the FSF doesn't fully endorse Debian and what the possibilities are for changing that situation. And then the second thing I want to talk about is what I think we can work together on in the meantime, even if the meantime turns out to be a really long time. I chose the bad punny title of the session, solve problems at the source, get it? It's FSF and good new tradition. Because I happen to think that if we were together, working together effectively on some of these specific projects, we might find ourselves solving the perceived disagreements by side effects and getting ourselves closer to the world that we all want to have. So if you look at our big picture goals between the FSF and Debian, they're suspiciously similar. So the free software foundation goal is to have all computer users to be able to do everything they need to do on any computer using only free software. My reading of the Debian goal is that we want to have a universal operating system which will remain 100% free and never have any non-free requirements. So I take universal to mean able to run on any computer, big or small, to be used by technical and non-technical users alike with no non-free dependencies. So to me, these visions look strikingly similar. In terms of distributions for the FSF, we don't have a single low and official distribution, but we have a list of distributions that we think are actively implementing the goal that we want to see in the world. These distributions have two key commitments. The first is to remove all non-free software and to not ship any non-free software and also to avoid steering users towards non-free software outside of the distribution. So last year at this time, the list of distributions that meet these criteria looked like this. It included a blag from left to right there, a blag, dragoire, dynabolic, canoe scents, musics, parabola, triscoll, which is what the FSF uses primarily on our workstations and servers, and which is based on Debian by way of Ubuntu, and Utsuto X, which was the first distribution that was endorsed under these criteria. And there has been a few updates to the list since last year. ProteinOS, which targets embedded devices but is also intended for use on laptop boot systems, was added. This is a distribution that can be used in the future. We hope to replace things like the Intel Management Engine firmware that runs on a separate CPU at boot time in the machine. You can actually, we hope, in the future, be able to flash that proprietary operating system with ProteinOS. We also added Libre CMC, which is currently targets wireless routers, but has the goal of working with other kinds of embedded systems as well. And this was a nice announcement because a couple of months after we announced the distribution endorsement, we were able to announce certification under our Respects to Freedom hardware program of a wireless router, a home wireless router, running this distribution. So I think this is awesome. You can now, from ThinkPang, when you're running a wireless router running 100% free software. I know a lot of us have been waiting a long time for that. There's always been something, either it's the proprietary blob for the wireless or the bootloader for the router. There's always been some non-free component, but all of those things have been replaced with free software. So these two distributions together created a new section on our list, actually, which is focused on small system distributions, ones that are targeted towards systems with little resources like routers and small CPUs inside the machine. We also added the Geek system distribution, the last one there. Some of you might be interested in that. It has a declarative operating system configuration and has other kind of interesting features like the ability to do transactional upgrades and rollbacks on a system and have per user installations and packages without giving out root access for pseudo. So it's a pretty cool thing, especially for all of you that are interested in functional programming. So why isn't Debian on the list? So Debian is actually in a special category that's not reflected on the list. And we've been looking for ways to do this, but haven't found a satisfactory one yet. So it's the only distribution that meets the first criterion to not include any non-free software and to remove expeditiously any non-free software that's discovered in the distribution that's not already on the list. And the FSF fully acknowledges this and appreciates the work that's been done in the official Debian distribution to bring an all-free distribution to users. So that's something that we want to highlight. When Squeeze made the decision to remove the non-free software from the kernel, that final remaining bit, we put out an announcement celebrating that achievement and highlighting Debian for doing that. And there is no other commonly used major distribution that's in that category. Every other distribution that's considered common among users contains non-free software in its official distribution. So that is something that sets Debian apart. And I know that this message is not always clear. In particular, I know that some well-meaning FSF supporters have a habit of saying that the FSF thinks Debian is non-free. And that's not true. And you can now cite this presentation as evidence that that is not true. We say very clearly that Debian main is all-free software and upholds commitments just as good as what the FSF expects of ourselves in its official distribution. So in Debian's case, the lack of endorsement from us is primarily because of the relationship between official Debian and unofficial Debian, the non-free and contrib repository. And that relationship to us seems too close for our comfort. There are spots in the Debian infrastructure where those sections, even though technically separate, are integrated very closely with main. So for example, in package searching, in recommends and suggests fields within packages that are displayed to users. So even though I think in Debian we have an idea that these are separate, that's not always as clear to users on the outside and they can end up being sometimes inadvertently or sometimes just led to install non-free components on top of the official distribution. There are also some cases of individual software packages in main after installation, leading users and recommending users to install non-free software. An example of that from last year in the presentation was Ice Weasel where the add-ons menu in the browser had a very prominent recommendation to install Evernote, which was a proprietary add-on and did not say that it was proprietary in that view inside Ice Weasel. So there are cases of this where the Debian packaging isn't recommending any non-free software, but immediately upon running the software and clicking on an option within the software, the user gets shown non-free recommendations. So other distributions have been struggling with this problem as well and we're having to develop separate extension repositories in some cases for different programs in order to extend that commitment to free software a little bit further. I'll talk about some of that toward the end, I hope. So I think these issues are important to discuss within Debian regardless of what the FSF thinks. I think that the social contract language that Debian remains 100% free and has no non-free requirements has tension with the idea that you wanna support people who create or use non-free works in Debian that you'll support the use of non-free works and provide infrastructure for non-free packages. There's a lot of play there that's tough to figure out and I think for Debian itself those are important topics to be discussing. I'm happy to see there's another presentation, at least one more here that plans on tackling those issues. So I know that some people see the FSF standards in these areas as either a kind of censorship or as anti-user in some way by trying to kind of hide software from users or pretend like it doesn't exist. But I think that Debian itself has many policies in place which are designed to steer users one way or another when it comes to the software that they use. It seems to be a primary reason why the contrib section exists in the archive, even if packages are free, if their only purpose is to point to non-free packages or install them, they go in a separate place outside of Maine. Or there's limits on ways packages in Maine can refer to packages in non-free, especially when it comes to dependencies. And I know that since the last EPCOMPT there was a technical committee decision that listing a non-free alternate dependency in a package in Maine is acceptable. And I was a little bit uncomfortable with that decision but I also saw clearly that it is couched in terms of caution, you know, the actual presentation of the decision said that package maintainers should be very careful about using this because of the way it can lead to use of non-free and also that the Maine dependency is still a requirement. You can't have just a dependency on non-free. So I don't think, you know, even though the decision is not consistent with what the FSF is looking for and the distributions we endorse, I think it also didn't, you know, change much about the things that we already have to talk about. I think that the act of making a distribution is by definition act of steering users one way or another. And that's why in some senses users choose a particular distribution because they like the way that it steers them and the kinds of software that it presents to them. So I don't think that Debian is actually uncomfortable with this idea. I think it's a question of degree and of framing. And framing isn't just about semantics. It's about the questions that are posed and the way that they're answered. You know, are we talking about it in terms of censorship or are we talking about in terms of supporting users who want to just one time choose all free software and never be presented with a choice to install something non-free again? You know, so the framing of that question matters and I think it's important that we talk about these things in specifics. You know, another example is security. Debian will remove packages that have security bugs that don't get fixed after a long time even though users may complain loudly about that because they want to continue using the software. So Debian makes a judgment about what kinds of software it wants its distribution to be associated with and then sets up practices and policies to facilitate that. So in the end, I don't think broad generalizations about steering, recommending, suggesting are really that helpful. It's a gray area. It's not a bright line. And I think that we need to focus on the specifics of where we choose to draw that line. But the quickest way out of all this is to just make the vast majority of hardware or all hardware, if possible, be supported by free software and to have free applications, free versions of all applications that users might be said to require under the social contract. All right, if we have those things, then we don't have to worry about these questions. So back in at the end of July, the FSF board had its first ever strategic planning meeting and the most important five year goals that were discussed at that meeting I think are actually goals that are the vast majority of Debian developers probably also agree with. So I wanted to share some of those. So we want there to be readily available in contemporary hardware products that work with and contain all free software, in particular laptops and tablets, but other devices as well. It's awesome that a Libreboot X200 was or it wasn't given away this morning or it's going to be given away. Did somebody in here win it? Congratulations. I was really happy that we were able to certify that laptop under our Respects to Freedom hardware program earlier this year. We are, despite no cooperation from manufacturers, still catching up in terms of the modernness of the laptops that we've been able to endorse. I was actually using an X200 anyway at the time that the endorsement came out. So I know it's not as contemporary as a lot of people want and that's why we still have this as a goal but I see us making some good progress there and I'm really happy whoever donated that and made that a part of the conference this morning. We also want to end regulatory mandates for proprietary software. These exist in all kinds of places, from the FCC to the IRS, to accessing government documents of various kinds. All of these things create cultures around the world that are hostile to free software and therefore are hostile to Debian. You can't be an official Debian system user and interact satisfactorily with those systems. We want schools adopting free software and compatible hardware for students. And I think initiatives to promote free software in those contexts also leads to great opportunities for Debian. I assume that part of Debian's universal goal is related to education and schools and certainly any long-term play at getting more people to use an operating system involves getting people using it at a younger age and getting comfortable with it. We want the general public to see free software as their issue. Debian also wants the general public to be Debian users, to be free software users. I think many of us in the project don't like the reputation of Debian as an operating system that's specially suited for citizens or servers. We think that Debian is and can be a distribution that works for non-technical users as well. And I think that getting the general public to understand that and give it a try is something, is a goal that we very much share. So obviously, I said five-year goals, we're a little bit ambitious here. And these goals need to be fleshed out a lot, they need to be quantified and made more specific. But I wanted to present them, they're only a few weeks old here, but I wanted to present them as a way to show that I think on big picture issues, the F7 Debian have a lot of agreement and that professed disagreements have a lot more to do with things at the level of tactics and what's right in the current moment. But in the end, we agree on things like this. So I think we should collaborate more on projects that get us closer to these things. Last year I presented this list, and the first thing on the lists was the free software directory. So the FSF has been building in this directory of free software, individual free software programs. Initially it was supported by UNESCO and for many years it's been developed as a manually curated collection of free software that has no non-free dependencies and follows a basic level of good licensing practices. Does that sound like any other projects maybe that we're familiar with? It's a lot like Debian. The active packaging programs is a curate, active curation. Debian packages and developers become a little bit familiar with licensing. They have to be in order to make packages that get accepted. And of course, we all keep an eye out for things that don't follow good practices in those areas. So before a few years ago, the directory was maintained by just a few people. We had a full-time staff position to do the majority of the work along with a few great volunteers, but this approach never really scaled. So a few years ago we decided to convert it to semantic media Wiki, enabling more people to add entries and keep those entries up to date. So truthfully, it still isn't fully wickified. We're using the approved REVS extension, which means that you have to be granted some extra access in order for your changes to be immediately live, otherwise they have to be approved by somebody. But we very readily give out editor access once a person's demonstrated that they understand the basics of the criteria for inclusion in the directory and that they understand the process. A lot of that fault lies with us for not having better documentation, which we're working on. We have weekly IRC meetings every Friday in Pound FSF on FreeNote, where people have been getting together to add and update entries. We no longer have the full-time staff position, so these meetings are run by Joshua Gay, who's the head of our Licensing and Compliance Lab. It turns out to be a very appropriate match because the hardest, the biggest challenge in deciding whether a program should be added to the directory or not is figuring out whether it's actually free software and whether it has any non-free dependencies. I think as a lot of us know, from Debbie and the work upstream doesn't always make that very easy. So it's an area that requires that kind of licensing expertise, which by the way is part of the point of the directory, because telling people to use free software when it is actually not that easy to figure out whether a given program that you find on the internet is free software is asking a lot of somebody. We want to make that easier. So this process, new processes worked out very well and we've seen a significant increase in participation. But at the same time, in parallel, we've been working on an automated system, import all of Debbie and Main into the directory. And this was something that we had in mind from the beginning of the decision to convert it to semantic media wiki. And so from the beginning, we were looking at things like dev tags as the guiding light for how our semantic property system should work. We wanted to, first of all, we thought it was a good system and second of all, we wanted to preserve hopefully forward compatibility for importing entries from Debbie. So the idea here is to create entries in the directory for each appropriate package in Main and then also to be able to automatically update those packages with the system to reconcile those updates with any manual updates that have been made. And this whole process is made possible by the awesome system that Debbie and already has for structuring packaging information and making that predictable and regular within packages. One thing I have as a hope out of this project is that we'll be able to help with some of the initiatives that seek to improve that system even further and that we'll be able to help. And I think we already have a little bit with helping to make sure that packages consistently apply those standards. Because we find, since we're doing this in an automated fashion, we find hiccups and inconsistencies between packages. And I don't know if we've been perfect about this, but we definitely have a goal to file the appropriate bugs in those situations and patches to help fix it. So as part of an initial test, since my talk last year, we've already imported about 1,500 packages as a test run, which brings our total up to about 8,700 packages. And the next import, which may be happening as we speak right now, it was supposed to happen this morning. So there may be entries being added from Debbie and Main to the directory right now. This import will bring the total number up to 15,000. So it'll pull in another 7,000 or so from Debbie and Main. So I'm not the best person to talk about the technical details of this, like why aren't the all 43,000 packages already imported or what the challenges are. But if you wanna drop by one of these IRC meetings or find me, I can connect to you with the right people who can answer those questions. And of course, you can read the source of the importer script, which is in that Git repository hosted at Savannah there. And I'm sure they will be happy to accept any patches or feedback from people who, the actual script work was started by DAF, a Debian developer that a lot of you know, and has been continued by Rubin, who was the founder and the developer of Triscoll, also very familiar with Debian and Ubuntu packaging. So they have had some success, but they can always benefit from more eyes and advice from experienced folks. So why is this work important? Can't you just Google all the programs you need? A lot of people have been kind of, I've heard criticism of this project all on those lines before, but you know, actually increasingly, I have been feeling that the work of building this manually curated catalog is incredibly important for free software adoption. And in the long term, therefore, Debian adoption. So a big problem that we face with convincing users to switch to GNU Linux is to convince them to try a free application to begin with. They're not using GNU Linux, they're using Windows or OS X. So it's asking a lot of somebody to say, just change your operating system, trust me, everything you need is there. It really can help to have individual programs that run on multiple platforms that people can acclimate to. And then after they're using a couple of those or a few of those, they may feel a lot more ready to spend the time to try out a distribution. And then they like what they see, we hope, and they finish the process. But we face an obstacle with that, which is there's proprietary software companies out there telling people not to download anything from the internet that doesn't come from one of their official locations. And frankly, given the state of, you know, computer security and malware, that's not terrible advice. So it's kind of hard to be the ones fighting for, no, go ahead, install any program that offers itself to you for free on the internet. That's not a good approach. On top of that, you know, users are expecting software to be presented in the form of, you know, app stores and curated locations now. To the extent that we have those for free software in general, outside of distributions, they're mainly in directories that are curated for the purposes of advertising revenue and not really for the purpose of helping users. And then there's the fact that even for experienced users it can be hard to figure out what the license of a program is, like I mentioned. So we have a couple of goals here. One is that we want to use the directory as a canonical source of programs that are free and then provide a mark that people upstream can display to show that they're included in the free software directory and that can be propagated as a sign of trust for an application. Not necessarily like that it's an awesome application or that it's perfectly secure, but at least that it is a free application. The source code is available, follows some basic best practices. And then I also hope that it can turn into this sort of app store free software marketplace for users. And I think that Debian and other distributions have been, we're doing this app store thing long before any of these came along and been doing an awesome job at it. But that only kicks in once a user makes the leap to install it. So I think that it is in Debian's interests to help with efforts to encourage users to make those first efforts at trying out applications that are also present in Debian on the proprietary platforms that they're currently using. And I think that can be a way to get people comfortable with the idea of full GNU Linux distribution. People have talked about building other app store like features onto the directory, things like reviews, user ratings, demos, ways to donate directly to projects. I think there's a lot of potential here with something like this. And I look forward to seeing some of that materialized. I think in Debian terms, it can be a great source for ITP and RFP bugs looking for packages that are upstream free software programs that aren't yet packaged in Debian. I mean, that's the goal and we're going to be importing, hopefully packages from other distributions as well. So it can be a place to look for seeing what other distributions have packaged that maybe hasn't made it into Debian yet. So getting involved in the project, those are the basic ways. If there's enough interest in the Debian community, maybe this can become a joint project and some more official, higher profile capacity. But either way, if individuals just want to help out, that's awesome. And I want to definitely say thank you for doing the work to make this possible to begin with. This is a free software directory that only lists 5,000 packages before we started this. It's not nearly as good as one that will build on the work that you all did and list 40,000 packages. So the next thing that I had talked about last time was the situation with some upstream policy issues like Mozilla. This situation has become more complicated since last year. The Windows version of Firefox is now calling out and installing a proprietary Adobe DRM module the first time Firefox has run. They're not yet doing this for the GNU Linux version, but it seems to be in the cards. And I already mentioned the issue with the proprietary add-ons. So other programs do this add-on approach better. You know, Viber Office, for example, has a list of extensions. Its official list of extensions is all free software. So it's not as though this is some pipe dream. The majority of Firefox extensions are free software. You know, it's just, I think, something that we share that we want to make sure users see those things clearly marked and that Debian should be primarily leading users towards free software solutions for problems rather than the proprietary ones. So the main action that's happened on this over the last year was that as part of the free software directory, actually, if you look at the Ice Cat page in the directory, but this applies for Ice Weasel as well, you'll see a list of extensions that have been vetted and added. So there's a system within the directory to indicate that one program is an extension for another program. And so we're using that to build a list of all of the free extensions. I think this may become more urgent because of Mozilla's decision to only allow signed extensions in the official Mozilla repository. Signed extensions are great, but they're not allowing users to modify the keys in the browser, the accepted keys. So Firefox will only allow extensions that are signed by the official key. There's no interface for users to change. Well, there is interface for users to change that. It's called rebuild the pack, rebuild the software from source with the new keys in it. So I think there will be demands from other users to install signed extensions from people they trust. So various developers that they're familiar with, even those extensions may not be signed by the official Mozilla key. The next thing that it talks about was the database of hardware that's compatible with all free software. This, I was happy, we actually put out an announcement shortly after DebComp last year together. To say that we joined to help free software users find the hardware they need. So the FSF had been helping to build this database different from other databases of compatible hardware. Normally, those are presented just as a question of does it work with the kernel Linux or not. Irregardless of whether it's proprietary firmware or proprietary drivers required. So HNode takes a stricter approach and only lists hardware that works with a fully free system like Debi and Main. So previously we had said that users needed to be running and this information all is user submitted. We'd previously said that users needed to be running one of our endorsed distributions in order to contribute information in order to avoid inaccuracies and slip-ups from people thinking that something was supported by a non-free driver or by a free driver, not realizing they had a non-free driver installed. But we made the change to add Debi and Main specifically to the front page of hno.org as also a valid and recommended source of information for this. So I'd really love to work more with Debi and folks on this. There needs to be more information in the database. The site, the code, the power is the site itself. Needs a lot of help. Design could be better. There are translations, there could be more. There's lots of opportunities to help out with different skill sets there. And I think that I know there's been a lot of demand within the Debi community to how can we get the official distribution to work on more systems since we no longer have the proprietary firmware there? You know, how do we make it easier for users? So I think the first step is to make it easier for users to figure out what to buy in order to use Debi and Main. And I think that's something in the Debi and Project we could do more on. And in the FSF, we're also going to be working hard at doing more in that area. So if you'd like to be employed working on any of these projects, we are actually hiring for a deputy director position to work closely with me and the FSF staff and board on these issues and it does come with a star. If you are okay with living in Boston, which I'm told at least is the most European of American cities, it's, you know, our beer's not bad either. And short of that, I will be here until Sunday and we'll be happy to meet with people that are interested in talking, working on any of these projects that I mentioned or talking about other possibilities, other ideas. You know, I kind of lied about leaving a lot of time for questions, so please feel free to grab me and find me. And there is still the FSF collab discuss. Oh, I don't have it on there. On Alioth, there is an FSF collab discuss mailing list. That's not been very active, but it is a great space in the past, but it's a great space that we can use now to continue conversations about this. And I'm subscribed and will read anything that people post there. So the bottom line for me, for all of this, is that while the FSF is not promoting, in the short term, Debian as a distribution, we are working hard on projects that will help the official Debian distribution flourish. And I think when you look at our utopian goals, they're very compatible. And I think that's a very good reason we should be finding more ways to work together to make those goals a reality. I think that if we do that, we'll see the disagreements and perspective and even probably see them start to make way for more and more areas of agreement because we really do have a lot of them. So thank you. So if there are any questions, please line up to left and right side. Hi, we heard a lot about how Debian should change to be included in the FSF free software directory or free digital directory. What about the changes Debian would like to see in the GNU project or the FSF, like the GFDL being considered non-free by Debian in some variants? Yeah, so first of all, I do think this is a dialogue that needs to changes on both sides. And I'm sorry, I didn't say that explicitly. In particular, I think that if you look at the distributions that we've endorsed, they've been smaller projects and the criteria sort of work differently when you're talking about smaller projects versus projects the size of Debian with the number of users that Debian has. So I can see our criteria and where we draw the line in that gray area being influenced by the conversation with Debian as well. If I had very specific changes that I thought had to be made, I would provide those. But I do think that it's actually a conversation that needs to happen. And with regards to the GFDL, I think in my mind, that's an example of a disagreement that will not in the end be a blocker to endorsement of Debian by the FSF or vice versa. I think that we understand each other's perspective on that. And it's not something that needs to be an obstacle to lots of other forms of cooperation. And I think that we get on the same page about more things and then we come back to that and see what we can agree on. Thank you. Other questions? It's time to wake up. Well, this is not really related to Debian, so I was waiting to see if other people had more other questions. But regarding the director that you have for software, for distributions, the endorsement for distributions, do you have anything for services? Like, that users, even if they have a free system, but they agree in terms of services and the cloud. Yeah. So how the users can believe on FSF or any other director or organization that will support us in making a decision. Yeah, I think that's a very important issue and I had had it on the, you know, our approach primarily is to try to encourage development of decentralized replacements, decentralized free software replacements for the services that people have been using. So I think that that's something that we can work together on also. You know, a big problem with why people don't already use the ones that are out there like Media Goblin or GNU Social or Pump I O is that they are not easy enough to set up. And obviously as a distribution, you know, Debian has a big role to play in helping make that possible. So that's one answer is to try to make the world better for users that don't want to use the centralized services. And then within the directory, we have a way of creating different kinds of collections. So we can tie those programs together as these are programs that are related to the problem of network services or software as a service. And then we soon will be publishing some recommendations and criteria for specifically hosting services, what kinds of criteria they should meet in order to be used by GNU projects or recommended by GNU or the FSF. That's kind of one category of service that was really in the news after Gatorius went away and people were sort of like, where do we go now if we don't want to go to a more centralized place like GitHub? So those are kind of currently what we have in mind, but definitely there's a need for talking about user freedom outside of the programs which run on their individual computer and how they experience that on a network. Thank you. You previously talked a bit about hardware supporting free software and free software supporting hardware. I wanted to know what does the FSF thinks about the participation of Steam and Debian and how even though Steam uses proprietary hardware, proprietary software, how can this help bringing free software to hardware? Yeah, I mean obviously we don't like Steam OS as a distribution because it does contain proprietary software. It's possible that in the end it may result in games or a problem for free software users. I can understand the perspective that it is an improvement over having a dual boot windows environment in order to play games. And I know that Steam has been and Valve have been very cooperative, technically speaking with the Debian community. I think that we should continue to ask them to release the Steam code itself as free software and also to make sure there's room within any marketplace of software that people are using for free applications which I'm not sure that that's possible in Steam right now. So I think we definitely need more initiatives around free games. We do some small things at the FSF. We run a LibrePlanet gaming server that you can get involved in administering or playing games on and it has mostly some of the classic multiplayer free software games. But it's a topic we're interested in. It's just we need to find ways to compete with a lot of social aspects like the fact that video game companies get subsidies to make proprietary software and the industry is extremely competitive that way. So there's a lot of problems to tackle there. Steam may end up in the end being helpful but I think in the short term it's not something that we can recommend users to install. Yeah I just wanted to kind of expand a bit on what we said a moment ago about well essentially Cloudy stuff, software as a service, things like that. This is something that Debian is coming to recognize I think as one of the biggest threats to user freedom in general. Most of the people here in the room will probably have a non free phone running all sorts of interesting applications and it's quite difficult at the moment to do better with that. I know the FSF are slightly going in that direction. There's some projects within the FSF but I think I'm slightly concerned at your list of strategic goals doesn't seem to have that as a thing that really needs to be addressed and you want to be looking at that much more closely. Yeah I think that in the discussion it is implied by a couple of the goals one of which like you said that there's a very tight connection between the mobile environment and the service environment. These services are getting a lot of traction because on smaller devices you wanna be able, well you have multiple devices so you wanna be able to access your files from multiple different places. You want to be able to participate in services like Uber, airline applications and all these things that are geared toward life in a mobile sense. So I think addressing the mobile side of things having all those applications be free software is a precondition to effectively addressing the service question. And then I think that's the issue of having the general public see free software as their issue should probably, I should have actually written that as the general public to see user freedom as their issue. And I think that that is getting people to care about what happens with their, when they give up control over the software that they would in the past have run on their system to a remote server that whether that software on the server is free or not doesn't matter because the user using it doesn't have access to the code or to modify the code or do anything with it. So I feel like the goal of getting people to see their freedom as an issue strongly implies figuring out how to replace that remote service model. But probably it should be set explicitly there, yeah. Thank you. I recall from earlier bits from the DPR letters that there was some ongoing discussion between you and the DPR about solving the endorsement problem. Can you give a status of, or maybe can you give your view of the effectiveness of these discussions and whether they are stored or they are still ongoing? So yes, so that started when Zach was DPL and has continued since then. And I think that they have been, I mean, they're why I'm here talking about this. You know, I think that those conversations made me feel very welcome to come and have a conversation and to talk with people in addition to DPL and the Debian community about these things. So I think they've been very, from my side, they've been very effective at getting things started back up again. They have been slow, but I will accept basically all of the blame for that. I have not in any case been waiting for a reply from the Debian side. So they have been slow, but that's my fault. And anybody who's been on that mailing list for quite a while knows that there was kind of a burst of activity at the beginning and then I didn't follow up on what I was supposed to do and it kind of trailed off. So what I've been trying to do by coming last year and this year is to commit myself again to helping those conversations move forward. But I really appreciate the support that I've gotten from the Debian side and all the DPLs. Thank you. Thank you very much, John.


to have you with us I'm Martin Tyler Alan Smith is with me the former England international of course with great anticipation we're looking forward to the match coming up very shortly Milan against Manchester United there's certainly a buzz in this stadium in the minutes leading up to kickoff I hope that match doesn't disappoint I don't think it will we've got a couple of attacking sides here Manchester United with the ball again and the lineup for the home side goes like this Gianluigi Dono Roma is the goalkeeper Alessio Romagnoli plays with Simone Kier in central defence Natan Ibrahimovic is the lone striker today it's offside and the referee's given it well there are players here who stand out a bit these two in particular I think today Alan well two excellent attacking players we are treated to seeing and really enjoying good seasons and I'm expecting a bit more the same today trying the possession game unsuccessfully at the moment you don't need to see all the cards here from the referee and he's keeping the cards in his pocket just a free kick I think he'd love to shoot but he can't from this angle gotta get a good ball into the box good stop by the goalkeeper Fred Fernandez the man yet Mattick Bruno Fernandez just making sure that each passes something for him to chase without actually scoring oh unlucky we can't believe he's missed from so close into it will be their throw from Kessier Conti there he is how can cello no look able to make the interception Fred Greenwood Kessier Rebic associated Manchester United with a never-say-die spirit in terms of that 1999 Champions League final with those two late goals and sharing it's had a goal here pushed out by the goalkeeper but only into a dangerous area Greenwood now Anthony Masial bit of pressure on the play that's why it's gone out certainly wanting to find a teammate but he's just found an opponent excellent movement to get the pass and stay on side while the play is broken down now could have been a


Okay, welcome everybody. This is our weekly charting analysis webinar with myself Jasper Moeller. It's US election week. Obviously, US heads to the polls tomorrow and we'll find out the results theoretically early Wednesday if it's really close it could last longer. Obviously that's really what's driving markets at the moment. We're seeing a big risk-on rally in markets today. We'll have some charts there. It's quite amazing how these these turnarounds in sentiment or what these happen near big support areas, near big resistance areas. Now that's clearly what we're seeing in some key markets. US 30 gold, the dollar to some extent. We've got the risk warning on the screen here. We're heading into the last page. Any questions at all, please just by them through the Q&A box or the participants, so the Q&A or the chat window. I'm happy to go over any questions you have. If there's something I'm talking about, we've had a few big piece of news. Obviously the Fed recently, Montpain Perot on Friday, England last week. Lots of stuff going on but hard to get away from the US election. It's really driving sentiment as we run up into it and we're expecting a big start in US stock markets. US 30 here. Our proxy for Dow Jones, as I mentioned, crazy how these supports play out. So this was our, we've been in this tight range for what's pretty much a couple of months now. We're pushing into record highs. We weren't able to make much of a new one here, a bit of a false break. Markets rolled over badly but then just went sideways since and it was that June, September 12th low that basically capped this latest leg down and we've gapped higher and we've gapped above these various levels of resistance. So now these are support on any pullback. It's very hard to call it the erection here. It's obviously just very contingent on the election result whether we break up or down out of this price range. There's a downward bias according to this falling trend line but support has held. Should we get a move back into here? That will be a high probability opportunity because we've got the downward trend line and we've got these series of peaks here. But should the market's got that high? Obviously there's a rising chance of a break higher. Particularly when the result comes out, you can probably expect another kind of gap type move like this. It will be happening in the early hours in the US. So it will probably be while UK markets are open. It could be just before the open on Wednesday. So in terms of open markets probably gold and currencies going to be the ones that are going to be able to immediately react. Obviously through our platforms you will be able to place trade but obviously the Dow Jones is not actually open. That's the US 30. Let's look at UK stocks.  We had this rising trend line through these two lows. You had the trend line there. The alternative was to have just two areas of support from here and here. And obviously the markets pulled away just before reaching that old low. So this support has held. This rising trend line has held. So we obviously had this downward trend since making a high since touching those old record highs. So all kind of working as we'd expect here. We hit the old record high. Markets in quite a big pullback from there because obviously that is a major resistance. But a big fall in the market would come back and the market ran out of steam. People took profits and went short market at the old highs. Now this is obviously an inflection point here. Does the market go on to hold having made another higher low? Or does it make a lower low? And obviously that changes the environment somewhat. Then we start to look at more longer term bearish buyers. The moment even though we've seen a sharp decline still we've got to look at the fact that in this weekly chart it's held this low. It's in fact because it didn't even touch it, it's made a higher low. Looking on the shorter time frame charts, if we're looking for this rebound to continue, you can see that we're running in some resistance here. So I think this would be given the momentum in the market, it would be a riskier short. Or what would be a, I think with this trend line having held and maybe again if you are placing trades today or tomorrow, really whether you like it or not it's a trade on the result of your selection. If you think that Hillary might venture then there's bound to be a bit more uncertainty at some point. We don't know what the high is going to be yet as in I'm just putting this line in I don't know if this 6800 will be the higher today we might still push a bit higher. But at the moment you can see that our 61.8, 78.6 nice pullback zone sits right around 6100 and sits right in the middle of this gap that we saw this morning. So should the market get back into there you know that would be for me a juicier spot for playing a Clinton victory in a further rebound. We might not get there as obviously the risk if we do get there we can break lower of course. But it does look like a bit of market structure has been broken up here we're taken above this short term high but we're looking at the overextended so maybe there's a scope for rolling over and we can see some better opportunity there. So I think the way to look at you know we've obviously seen a sharp down move we've run into this area of long term support. We've pushed up quite quickly showing a lot of demand in this area taken out of the old high here showing a bit of a shift in the market structure and these are lower highs lower lows made a higher high. So where do we make you know where does the higher low come in. You know the 50 percent is going to be in and around here or we could maybe push into the 6100 again.  There might be some opportunity presented in that area and then obviously down below this long term support and then obviously we've got to change our game panel a little bit that might be where we decide to change our emphasis somewhat. Just got your message Hugh in terms of the 2100 okay we're covering it here I hope this makes sense to you. I mean generally if you know if you're interested in more of the fundamental idea of the influence of the US election on the 2100 or indeed some of the other markets one thing to look at would be just right on the CMC markets homepage here you can see we've got how will the Wall Street react to the US presidential election etc etc one new election and you know Michael's written something on how I set sterling I've written something on how it would affect the UK stocks on the 2100 etc. That was written a couple of weeks ago but I think most of it holds the general idea being that you know global equity markets are probably going to pretty much move in sync. The one area of global equities which isn't traded as heavily on our platforms anyway is emerging markets there's perhaps a little bit more uncertainty around the performance there because they tend to do better under a weakening dollar and should the status quo be maintained through a Hillary Clinton victory which would be good for stock markets and also be good for the US dollar probably which is not so good for emerging markets and emerging market currencies I hope that all makes sense but certainly have a look at yes I mean certainly have a look at that homepage if you haven't done so already some good influence stats and things on there even if you're just bit intrigued to learn what the election's all about got some good stuff on there. Now let's switch gears and have a look how things work out in Europe. Again it's a surprise surprise a major support level has held and we've seen a big gap higher so certainly you know the resistance held so you know obviously these things are perfect we're picked above it you know a few people have tight stops above this high you know they've got taken out so obviously what do you have if you're if you're selling the market you've obviously got stop loss to fire back you know if you're a big institutional seller you're looking for liquidity to be able to place a seller although you need people buying so you know these stops get taken out up here by big banks and the market ones like now we're into the support you know we've seen a slight bullish bias because we didn't actually need to drop through the lows here we actually managed to bounce before we even got there you know we took out the you know this low here maybe these lows here we took out this low here where something one of those stops ran down here lots of liquidity down here buying it up so you know a bit like the US stock market we bounded off the bottom of the range you know now we're now we're no man's land because we're out in the middle and really depending on the election result the market can break into higher and lower okay let's switch gears from equities to currencies what's going to be in depth into the euro actually in a euro again another interesting example where the you know a resistance level has worked out quite nicely so okay so we're on the daily chart here we know we've obviously all been familiar with this chart we rebound we're basically dipped below this this support over here around the 109 mark we've probably had a strong way up above 111 but 111 into 111 50 and this previous area of support have proved to be resistance and the markets dropped away again these support resistance areas aren't perfect with you you can see on the short time frame this is clearly being respected so again market rolled over some people would have got a bit enthusiastic and gotten short the market down here after this big down day obviously again stop losses above here and then the big sellers come in and sell it down again and we have taken out that low just about so a slight bearish bias here from hitting this big resistance level we have seen some evidence here that the market structure is breaking down a bit equally on the the RSI I would call that a head and shoulders pattern there on the RSI indicating that we should see something akin to if you take the height of the pattern to be you know a long way to be that if you take this as the height of the pattern you'd expect this is the 100% extension down here and it works out quite well with the 78.6% extension of this rally up from this particular note so and in around this old high so this won't say there's a bit of kind of cluster of support that the market potentially could be running down to test what is the general bias here well we've had a big run higher but overall we're quite range bound and so I think the fact that we've run into quite a solid area of support and resistance we've seen some evidence of the structure breaking to me it looks like there's a good chance we can continue that down to this and down to this support here and that again we're basically looking for the the opposite to happen for the market to start pushing higher again from there should this give way then I think then we'll come back down to this one and or in those again in terms of major you know what can actually do that this week you know in terms of European news we've got some industrial production data but you know that's you know that's probably not going to be as significant out of the euro zones that will be from the UK we have Chinese data which can potentially wobble things a bit but in terms of major marketing European data I would say this is probably not too much here in this week again it's going to be the the US election that probably drives sentiment for the remainder of the week so you know I would say probably what we're looking at here is Trump win good for euro dollar Clinton win negative for euro dollar and you know it's the same for the other currency pairs some of it's sterling so it's been very tricky to price retracement according to Fibonacci's because so many different charts have a different bottom in terms of where that where the where the flash crash ended arguably the better thing to do is just to use the kind of the recent more stable prices we've had as the as the as the proper low and kind of just discount the spike but it just so happened that I thought that actually worked out quite well this kind of support area here where the market really rolled over just happened to be the 61.8 we've taken out this little bit of structure here so I think that you know the signs are good that sterling's going to hold up a further we're finding support from the round number at now at 124 and a four hour chart nice little reversal candle here a little hammer pattern so this this could be it but I'd say you know down here is obviously you know this is the former form of resistance that we were had in place for a number of weeks a couple of weeks and so that would be a blog where you've got these other pivot points again for UK data to mainly just that manufacturing industrial production data you know more questions as to how has you know how's the UK performing in that would be that would be the tail end of Q3 because that data is a bit delayed you know how's it how's it been doing post post Brexit we do we do yourself have trade balance data as well on wednesday but as I said it's um industrial production data which would be interesting for the revisions to to the GDP data as well you know the backdrop to this is that GDP has been growing much faster than Bank of England predicted last week Bank of England had to lift their growth forecasts admit that they've been much too narrow on the UK economy and the effect of Brexit and and basically so backtrack on on cutting interest rates further so without the imminent cut of interest rates and more QE on the cards from the Bank of England you know that's there's not really a big reason to to drive sterling lower here obviously it's reacting to the political news that political news was only important in the context of what the Bank of England is going to do and it seems like the Bank of England aren't going to be too heavy having handed they've actually said they're going to be more neutral in terms of where policy goes said that they're not going to tolerate that higher inflation so you know when inflation data comes out that will be particularly important because if you start getting up towards that two percent target they've said they're not going to tolerate it for you know too much higher than that so that's when we start thinking actually maybe the vice is switching from neutral so they've said at the moment to actually a chance of a hike in interest rates and and that obviously you know that really would I think go a long way to underline this big down move that we have in pounds in an armed Brexit that's that's the general context of things at the moment we're still kind of putting in a bit of the face pattern and still scope given the skittishness politically for a push down into these areas and I think that actually could be an opportunity to switch to the yen this will be you know because of the sensitivity of on the yen to to treasuries this should be an interesting one to trade you know around the year selection and obviously it's going to the currency markets 24 hours it's going to be open when we know the result and I've zoomed in on quite a short-term chart here let me zoom out just to give that a bit more perspective here we are this is a triangle pattern we're we've been trying to break out and achieve the triangle objective which actually you know what it is let's try it on again basically 110 the round figure should this triangle break out as it should almost on the money we broke down through the 20 period 20 day moving average but we found support nicely at the 50 the 20 still nicely above the 50 I think we've kind of this uptrend should be intact and we're seeing that work out quite well not only the 50 day moving average but again from drop down to maybe four hour you know we can see it's this big reaction point here where we've seen the market work so we saw a big drop down through it but it wasn't able to be sustained we saw a reaction back and then that's when I have my um short out a short time frame because we could see this is the drop down through this long-term there support sort of market push up to it couldn't take out those old highs but dip down then it took out this high showing a bit of a kind of changing structure so if you take this low to this high it dropped down nicely to 61.8 um touched it you know pretty much precisely there and was rallied up through the 100% extension which initially caused a bit of resistance up and we're up with the sort of one eight one eight four fifty time handle now so it's looking quite positive for the end obviously that's assuming a Clinton victory in the short term you know the election's going to kind of dictate whether this this break this this trend can continue higher and break out up into it to 106 and make this way up up here you know for which actually get there you know that's when we're going back to looking at um the Fed and the potential for a hike in December and the Bank of Japan and uh all the rest of it so we're doing all right the time here I shall go before I forget I'm going to have a little term to show you copper because copper's been on an absolute tear in the last couple of weeks this is our daily chart um you know here was the bottom of the range down here we never got to that the the sort of interim support held up so you can see here was the swing low here swing low down there and um you know when the mark came down didn't didn't even need to break through it again it's just whooshed up higher but this this again even though obviously we we've gone on for us vertically from 210 up to 230 you know a really nice move um you know here we're in the resistant zone again so we're seeing the beginnings of a pullback um so this is an area which carries some sort of potential for opportunity so you know have a look what's happening um first signs of a breakdown on the hourly chart here let's see where this where this low forms 228 time being um this is a little interim breakdown um because we had quite a large run up here you know this will be the kind of main area we want to see a breakdown from obviously we're you know that would be much lower prices but it is that kind of 225 mark but if we could put a low down here come up and take it out again then maybe we'll get something a bit higher up but um again we haven't we don't know if this is the low yet but um you know start putting your fibs on and seeing maybe in the 61.876 area in around uh 230 let's see if the 230 can hold it kind of a retest if it starts to roll over again you know that's when we know there's longer term resistance areas playing out as we expect let's go straight to to gold just because again if you're not trading currencies I would say gold would be one of the other ones to play in and around the US election we've got a report on um on the possible effect of on gold but it's straightforward isn't it I mean gold is safe haven trump source of instability uh clinton not potentially as much and so you know general idea being here that is that gold is selling off um because of this fbi news from yesterday that uh you know they basically let clinton off the hook um for emails again and so it was that um a new fbi probe that swung the poles back in the favour of trunk now with a couple of days to go they're saying well there's nothing to worry about guys so that theoretically positive for clinton and again another example where you know this this move higher in gold is has had more legs than I expected it to have we've got the 61.8% on the chart but um you know I thought maybe it would roll over but before that but it hasn't done but you know it shows again the advantage of having some patience when trading because you know if you just waited for the for the old resistance uh the old support turned resistance and the 61.8% retracement of the down move has nicely worked out um and it's all working quite quite nice technical fashion because the markets now found support just below that no here are the old chi so first signs of the rebound should we get through this low you know it's just that this high here that you can see on the data the first swing in this kind of price right here in and around the 1275 mark so it's one two eight five it's gonna hold us up at the moment one two seven five on another move lower um you know this was a big dramatic move down in gold having come into this fairly substantial support at 1250 so you know again depending on the election result you know if Clinton gets in the the next reading from that is okay US election talk about the way uh monetary policy oh okay back to expecting a rate hike from the Fed in December their data is looking to be looking fairly fairly decent so you know maybe you can expect them to start hiking a bit more frequently next year and that would be a bad thing to do and um you know see a little move in fact below 1250 again so this this could be the beginnings of that so if you missed that initial move lower uh but if we do if we do get a pullback and again a bit like if you're planning a long on the stock market or a little dollar short euro um you know if you're expecting a Clinton win you know look for a retracing into a gap for potentially market to land again and we'll just round things quickly off here with oil so there's been a there's been an earthquake in Oklahoma so that's supporting all prices and lo and behold it's happened just as we've hit a significant support at the 45 mark on Brent you know I pointed out I'd put this very simple chart out on Twitter on Friday just saying that Brent is a key support and you know had a little room for it and starting to show signs of holding it that's not to say this sport necessarily is going to hold up for too long you know fundamentally what's driving oil at the moment is the prospect for a deal uh by OPEC and on Friday the Saudis have actually apparently threatened to totally go back on the deal and start ramping up production again should Iran not do their part so chances of a deal are actually not looking too good hence the sharp drop in prices nonetheless we're at this significant support level again it's a nature of well waiting for a daily reversal pattern if that's what you do um you know looking for another indicator pattern if you you know that's how you pin for your reversals or you know maybe drop into a shorter time frame um we've not taken out this structure high yet but I think you know we've had a kind of decent little pod there's quite a big reaction move here but then we did drop down again so you know if we can get a move up through here and then fall back you know that's when maybe you can start looking for opportunities again also incidentally if you are strictly a gold trade uh an oil trader rather um again this oklahoma situation clouds it slightly maybe the market bouncing off of uh um support and and uh or the rest of it but what I think you could probably say is that um oil is reacting more to a risk on environment um a potential of a Clinton victory than it is to um then it would be uh because of the golden oil is moving higher today um if it was reacting purely to the dollar which is also high today then oil should obviously appear to be lower so um looks like oil reacting more on reacting more to the kind of risk on environment rather than the dollar environment should Clinton get in good to get in looks like should be positive oil fake Trump get in should be negatable if um today's price actions of any guide but I think that's it um yep should be a very interesting week these uh you know the year selection only comes once every four years um when you've got plenty of information on that hot page as I mentioned um so let's let's see how it pans out and uh I'll talk to you at the same time next week to discuss it uh thanks very much it's just for signing up


It's been a childhood dream to serve a mission and my family is very mission oriented. My dad was a mission president in the Dominican Republic and I was three. And so I think it kind of started there. I can't really remember a time when I didn't want to serve a mission. But I do remember, well it's always been in me and my sisters served and my brothers served. I'm the youngest of five. And so I've always wanted to serve a mission, I've always known the church is true. And I remember one time when I was going to seminary, my teacher, she invited us to read the Book of Mormon all the way through. And it was the beginning of my sophomore year. And I read the Book of Mormon here and there with my family and I knew it was true. But I knew when she extended this invitation that I needed to do it. And so I read the Book of Mormon all the way through the beginning of my sophomore year and it solidified my decision to serve a mission. So that's kind of how it started.


Alright guys, in today's episode we are going to talk about how to prep for step 3, but doing it during your residency. Let's get into it. Hey guys, welcome to the MD Journey, a channel completely dedicated to helping you succeed on your medical journey and doing it with less stress. My name is Lakshman, internal medicine physician and resident in training, and here on this channel we make videos all about helping you on your pre-med, your medical school, and yes, your residency journey. So if you guys are new here to the channel, definitely consider hitting that like and subscribe button. In today's video we are talking about step 3 and how to prepare during a PISU residency schedule. Now this is going to be a new addition and video to our step 3 series, so if you guys want to check out the old ones, go ahead and check out the playlist down below. We talk about resources and planning as well as my own prep and reaction. But in this video I really want to just kind of give you a framework on how to approach studying for step 3. So the first thing is really just understanding test day is two days. Most people will have a few days to a week between their two days of their exam. One for a mental break, and two to also make sure that they can study for the second part of their exam, which also includes the clinical cases, which is unique to step 3. So once you understand that the two days usually will have some gap in between, you want to make sure that one, you're taking the test itself during a lighter rotation. I personally took it over Thanksgiving weekend, so I took it on a Saturday and took my second part of my exam on a Monday, so I had that Sunday and the rest of Saturday evening off. You want to also make sure that not only are you taking the test on a lighter rotation, but ideally you're studying for the test on a lighter rotation. This is one mistake I personally made where I went ahead and scheduled my test while I was finishing up an ICU rotation, so my ability to study effectively had gone down and up depending on how busy it was. And so that really is going to have a role in how well and effective your studying is. And so if you can help it, maybe look at a time throughout your calendar where potentially you're not on call, or maybe you can have your weekends off, or you just have a good amount of predictable days off. So on the days that you're busy, well, maybe you lose a studying day there, but on the days of your off, you can potentially make up for it and potentially even do more. And as a bonus tip, try to get your step three out of the way as quickly as possible. Definitely doing clinical rotations in your intern year, whatever specialty you're in will help you out, but you also are likely to forget the things that aren't unrelated to the field that you're going into. So if you're a medicine physician like me and you're probably going to figure it, all the OB-GYNology learned during medical school so it's probably more advantageous that you take it quickly into your intern year and do the studying while you're on a lighter rotation. But once we get that out of the way, next we're going to talk about a study approach. Now the first thing you really want to keep in mind is you want to limit the kind of resources to really only doing questions. You don't have time to read and watch videos that you did back in medical school. You probably didn't have time to do it then. Well, you definitely don't have time to do it now. So really just limit your resources to questions. And I really only recommend using your world plus the cases that comes with it. And it just helps you simplify that this is all I really need. There's not much like ancillary or support resources that you have to add on to do well on step three. And in terms of how long you really need to study, it just really depends on how quickly you can get through the questions, the cases, as well as doing a little bit of time at the very end for review and weaknesses. And so as the making of this video, you will currently has about 1,600 practice questions for all of their multiple choice sections. This is an include all the cases that they have on top of it, as well as other resources and exams. So it's definitely a lot, but I recommend that you try to get through as much if not all of it is possible. So a nice way to break this down to be able to give you a very manageable study schedule is find that time of the year, the ideally you'd like to take step three and then basically account for how many days a week you would study. So let's say you want to take the test in March and you have a lighter rotation in the end of March as well as February. So ideally that gives you the opportunity to potentially study five days a week for a busier rotation, maybe three to four days. As soon as you can do that, then you can divide the 1,600 by the amount of days or weeks in between and get an idea of how many questions you'll have to do per day. Obviously, this is an average and this is a problem that I personally ran into where you'll see that, oh, I only have to do 40 questions a day, but there's going to be some days where you don't study because it was a longer day than you expected or you had no motivation to do so. But just keep in mind that if you do have days off on the weekends or a day off after a call day, ideally you can do two blocks or more questions on those days to make sure you don't get behind. But to avoid falling into a trap where many residents do or you only give yourself about a month and then it's a during a busy rotation. Sometimes you'll end up having to be in a situation where you have to do technically about 80 to 120 questions a day just to get through all of you will practice questions. And so usually those residents will tend to not finish all of the valuable practice questions that you paid for as well as potentially could help you do even better on the exam. And so to help counteract that problem, make sure you just look at your calendar first before scheduling the exam. That way you can give yourself enough time to start doing the year old questions without it becoming overwhelming. And as you're doing the questions, I really recommend just starting from random. There's no really benefit like you did for first aid or step one where you have cardiovascular on day one, GI on day two, it's really probably more advantageous for you to have all of the questions of opi-gyne and urology and pediatrics mixed so that way you can see the topics that you're strong and weak at. And as you're missing questions or as you're getting questions correctly but for the wrong reasons, make sure you're marking them because then throughout the last few weeks you can go back to those questions or those question banks and make sure that you've reviewed that topic so you don't miss it on actually on test day. Now one of the things that I was personally doing to keep track of all of my missed and kind of marked questions is I was using a method that I like to call the Excel method, which I have talked about on the channel before, and if you guys are more interested in how I use it for step three, I'll link down below kind of the modules for our Medellin Academy. Basically I was taking all the content that I was missing on year old or marking and making sure that I nicely kind of put it into an Excel sheet so that I could look at it during my review week, going into the exam as well as like the night before exam and feel comfortable that my weaknesses are no longer week and it should be good for test day. Now as you're going through your setting, really all I recommend doing is just doing the questions and getting through as many as possible and making sure you're not getting very far behind. But during the last few weeks, about three to four weeks away from your exam, I recommend definitely starting to do the cases, which will show up on the second day of your test. Now you probably haven't done anything like these cases before because it's just a completely different interface. I do recommend, you know, during the start of your prep, even before these last three to four weeks of just doing the first four to five cases in your world so you can see what these cases will look like. Whether you choose to do these cases towards the end of your prep or kind of intermix is up to you. I found it to be a little bit hard doing the intermix because I found my focus was just kind of alternating, but I do recommend potentially just doing the first four to five cases so you can see an idea of what they look like, what the cases are like, you know, what type of things you have to consider and then just keep that in the back of your mind during the last three to four weeks of doing a few cases a day. Now they aren't very long cases and honestly you learn more by just doing the cases as quickly as possible and then reading the explanations on what type of things you should have done. They probably didn't and things that you did they probably didn't need to and using that whether it's through an Excel method like I was using or something else to indicate. Okay, on these problems, these are the labs I need to order. These are the problems I need to consider and just having come some type of kind of collection system that way when you're reviewing for test day, well, okay, I have a patient for DK on my cases. These are the things I'm going to do. So doing the cases a little bit early on to get familiar with that format and then just going through them as quickly as possible so you can see as many as possible is really anything to show up on test day. I include pediatrics, OB-GYN, general like hospital medicine as well as general outpatient medicine. So doing as many of the interactive cases where you're actually the one who is putting in the orders as well as the practice cases where they just kind of walk you through the approaches but you don't actually do anything. I recommend doing as many of those as possible. Now once you're getting about a week or two before your exam day a few things that I recommend doing about the last week of your exam prep I would recommend definitely doing at least one self-assessment just make sure that you're doing okay on your practice questions especially if you're going through the practice questions on UALT as quickly as you may be you may not get the highest percentage correct and so that may kind of give you a little bit of anxiety but I do recommend putting yourself in a test environment and doing like four question banks back to back using UALT. Now one thing to keep in mind is that the self-assessment is a little bit more strict and harder in terms of grading probably not a real thing but that's because the self-assessment doesn't include any practice cases. So just keep that in mind don't really pay attention to the self to the score but more about your stamina and your ability to work through those problems that may be about similar difficulty than the actual thing. And another thing I do recommend doing within the last two weeks of your exam is to also start the biostat section of the exam prep. Now it may seem like a lot of stuff is going on you know residency doing the cases as well as the practice questions and so really what I would do is as you're going into your last week of your exam kind of back away from the cases ideally you do a little bit more of them towards the last three to four weeks and so on the last week you can back away from how frequently you're doing them so you can do more of the biostats questions because really there's about like four to five questions per section and maybe sometimes even two or three so it's not a lot of questions itself but they do quiz you on the ability to understand some nuances so a lot of things you may be asked are things like sensitivity, specificity, things that we all hate. Other things like positive predictive value and likelihood ratios things that sound pretty familiar make it confusing and may get you a little anxious on test day you want to make sure you do those practice questions first on you worlds that way when it comes to test day you'll probably end up getting those right and the first day of your step one prep is definitely going to have a lot of biostats so you definitely will do more good for you by using that last week to go through that biostats questions in addition to going through your biostats questions have some systems so when you're done with your you will questions you can then review the weaknesses one thing that I intended on doing was doing all of my missed questions again but it simply didn't have enough time so I had a system where I was able to review my weak points through the excel method in this case which again you guys can check out down below but you can create any system you want that basically says this is how I'm going to go back to the topics that I missed I would do that definitely during the last week or two so again through the last week or two before the exam definitely do one self assessment try to go through the biostats questions ideally you've done of enough the cases by now if not you can quickly get through them so you can back away so you can practice your weak points and then when you actually do have your exam you know I would say during your first day where you have no cases during those first few days before that exam I would probably not do any more cases I would just focus on the practice questions and the weak points and then maybe during your kind of gap in between test number one and test number two is where I would do the cases so if you have a week in between two of the exams that's awesome just do the clinical cases now if you only have a day like I did then obviously you're going to have to do some cases during that last week but keep in mind you know if you do want to have a good bit of a break in between both of them then ideally try to split in day one and day two by a week but if you just want to get the test over with like I did then you're just going to have to be able to get enough of the cases done during your initial prep and so during that last week you're not overwhelmed by doing cases and practice questions so I know that was a lot so a little bit of an overview you know obviously work a little bit backwards look at your calendar find a lighter rotation for both your test day as well as the prep you know one to two months is more than enough to being a very relaxing kind of prep one month it may get a little stressful especially the last few weeks but that's totally up to you work backwards on how many weeks or how many days in a week you want to commit to for you world and that's going to be how many questions you plan on doing whether you miss a day make sure on the days off you do a little bit more to kind of catch up have some type of review system whether it's the excel method or something else to keep track of the things you miss and then during the last few weeks whether it's the last three to four weeks start doing some of the practice cases and try to get through as many of them as early as possible into those last three to four weeks so that way that last week you just do your self-assessment the biostat section and then ideally just the last few cases and reminders on your weak points so then you're just ready for test day but that guys is how I personally approach sub three is personally how I recommend you doing it without getting too overwhelming if you guys do want the full access to the step three rapid mastery guide as well as all the models and courses included in the meta lead academy that'll be linked down below and you get a full access for an entire week just for a dollar with that being said guys thank you so much for watching this video hopefully it's been a little helpful you do have more questions drop it down below in the comment section also hit that like and subscribe button obviously it supports the channel and two just tells me that you guys enjoy this content and you want more just like it thank you guys so much for watching this video hopefully you also enjoy the other step three videos that will be linked down below in the playlist thank you for being a part of my journey hopefully I've been a little hope to you on yours and I'll see you guys in the next one peace


The law changes over time so when you find a case you may need to find out how your case is being used today. You need to see if your case is still being used as an authority or has the case been overruled by another case. You can find out how your case has been cited by noting up. Noting up is checking to see how your case has been cited by other cases. For example, has your case been treated positively? Has it been applied, approved or affirmed? As cautionary? Whether the case has been questioned, distinguished or explained? Nutrally? This is where there are no other citing cases or where the citations have no direct or negative history? Or has it been treated negatively? Where a case has been reversed, varied, not followed, disapproved or overruled on at least one point of law? You can use searching tools called case citators to tell you how your case has been used. You can find a list of case citators on the law guide. To use these tools, search for your case, open and then use the note up features. Noting up can be slightly different in each database. From the list of citing cases, you will see how your case has been used. Many databases also use a flag system to tell you how the case has been treated. Using case citators are a great starting place, but often you will need to read a case to find out more detail about why your case has been cited. You can use secondary sources like journal articles and legal encyclopedia entries to help you find out more background information on the case, including changes to legislation. If you need help noting up a case, ask us at the library.