Hello, love bugs and welcome back to my YouTube channel. If you're new here, I'm Sarah and I help teach people find inner happiness through fitness and spirituality. And today, we're gonna talk about something pretty fun that I think most everyone could probably get some benefit from and that is changing your appearance using the law of attraction, huh? What? You can't do that, Sarah. Well, I'm here to tell you. Yes, you can. You can use the law of attraction for anything, including changing the way you look. You can make your nose smaller. You can lose weight. You can make your hair longer or shinier or healthier. You can literally do whatever you want, but I'm gonna tell you, if you don't believe that you can do that, you can't. See, the thing is, is typically when we wanna change something about of our appearance, we say, oh, I'm going to be happy when. Well, I'm gonna feel good about myself when. You're essentially waiting for that outside occurrence in this instance, maybe losing 10 pounds to happen before you feel good about yourself, but that's literally the opposite way the law of attraction works. So instead of going from the outside in, you have to go from the inside out.  Well, that means you have to know it, you have to believe it, you have to feel it inside before it transforms and comes into fruition in your outer world. So how do you do that? And I do want to put a disclaimer in this video that you want to be specific when it comes to manifestation and law of attraction. And the reason I say that is say, for example, you say, you know, I wanna be skinnier. And that's what you're manifesting and you're truly believing it, you're doing all the right things, you're feeling how you would feel if you would lost that 10 or 20 or 50 pounds or whatever it is, but you're not specifying how you wanna get skinny. You could end up with an eating disorder. I mean, if you're not specific about this kind of stuff, and you're doing all the other things the right way, it will happen, but it may not happen in the way that you necessarily want it to. Think about the saying that we all know, be careful what you wish for, because that is exactly what I want you guys to keep in mind and it's not to freak you out, but you just have to be mindful about the way that you're going to go about this. So for example, instead of saying manifesting that I wanna be skinnier, manifest wanting to feel healthier and be healthier and maybe you are manifesting, I want to lose 10 pounds of fat because that makes me healthier. I wanna be healthier, okay? I just wanna put it out there that that is a possibility if you don't do things the correct way. Wow, okay Sarah, how do you do things the correct way? Well, I'm gonna tell you right after you hit that like button. So I'm gonna give you guys a personal example and that is with obviously myself and losing weight. So I've been on this health and fitness journey for close to a decade and I have found over the years even before I got into manifestation and law of attraction that the more I would, and it's specifically obsessed about my abs showing, the less I'm likely to have abs. It's super weird, I know, but as soon as I decide that I don't care and I let go of that attachment of having abs and having my abs show through, even if I don't change my diet, they start to come through. And so I would manifest that before I even knew how to do it intentionally. And now that I can do it intentionally, my diet is way less restrictive. I'm way more free. I still have alcoholic beverages once a week or once every other week or whatever. And I still have the abs when before I wouldn't touch peanut butter, I wouldn't eat carrots because of the sugar content. And the reason that that is is because the more I obsessed about it or the more you obsessed about whatever it is that you want to change, you're creating this energy, you're emitting this energy that you don't have that and that you lack that. So because you're emitting this vibration that you don't have it because you're obsessing about it, the universe is picking up on that vibration and sending more of that your way. So the more and more you think I'm fat or I can't lose weight or I can't do this or you're so focused and thinking about it all the time, you're just projecting that and you're actually causing the universe or God, the whole energy system of our world to go against you and to create more and more and more of that lack. So what you need to do is think of yourself already as, hey, I did lose 10 pounds, I feel great and you have to create that feeling. Law of attraction is all about feeling the way you'd feel in that losing 10 pounds or if you were short or had a smaller nose or had bigger boobs or whatever. Think about this saying, the whole fake it till you make it thing is very in line with the law of attraction. So what you wanna do is you wanna fake it, feel it and it will start to come to you. Now is this going to happen overnight? Are you going to manifest today and look at yourself in the mirror and physically try to see yourself as 10 pounds or 20 pounds later and wake up tomorrow and look that way, probably not. However, over time, continuing to think this way and become less attached to it and see yourself in the version of you that you wanna be, it will, it will come into fruition. So fake it till you make it. Wear the things that you're gonna wear when you've lost 20 pounds.  And if you're having a hard time visualizing it, I know that's probably hard. Like if you wanna lose 50, 60, 70 pounds and you look in the mirror and you start to feel those negative emotions, I encourage you to maybe take a photo of yourself or bring up a photo you already have and edit it, edit it out or have someone else edit it, go on Fiverr or something and have the photo edited as if you lost or look the way that you wanna look and look at that picture because then you can really put yourself into it. Some people that are very seasoned manifestors don't need to do that, but if you're new at this, it could be really, really helpful and that could really encourage you to put it on your mirror, make sure you see it every day. And on top of that, I want you to think about something that you really love about your appearance.  So what I want you to do is that when you look in the mirror and your first thought is, I need to lose 10 pounds. As soon as you catch yourself saying that or thinking that way, I want you to focus in on something that you love about your appearance and that you love about yourself and subscribe to my channel. And basically create that energy towards the thing that you actually do love about yourself and then you're creating that energy out and bring it into what you wanna change about yourself and that's going to emit the frequency, emit the vibration that you are happy with the way you look. You see yourself as this beautiful human being and you're going to create that flow and that vibrational match of who you want to be or how you want to look. So I hope you guys really enjoyed this video. I love manifestation. I've been working on it for about a year now but I'd say really, really intensely in the last six months and this shit does work. I'm telling you, it works. I love manifestation. I know it can seem kind of woo-woo, it can seem kind of out there especially when it comes to your physical appearance but that's only because your mind and your programming is set to believe that that's something that can't happen. So you need to really believe it in your heart that this is something that can come into fruition and that you can do before it's gonna happen. And another tip I wanna give you is that your current mood is not your vibration. I mean it can be if your mood is the same all the time but say one day you're feeling amazing and you're really into the manifestation stuff and you're feeling really good about it but deep down you still just don't really believe it and the next few days you're kind of feeling like wishy-washy about it and you're like, well can this really work? Like it has to be deep. It has to be in your core that you believe you can do this and there are so many people out there that have done it. I mean just search the internet, search YouTube or Facebook groups or whatever and you'll see so many people do this stuff and why the hell does that mean that you can't? And if someone else can do it, you can too. I can too. That's just the way the world works and that's the way that's the key crumbles. What movie is that from? Comment below what movie is that from? And I love you. I love you guys so much. I hope this video really helped you. Let me know in the comments below what are you gonna try to manifest and change, scratch that. What are you gonna manifest and change? You want to remove, try, hope, those kind of words from your vocabulary.  You're going to lose weight, all right? You erase that vocabulary from your mouth. Okay, from your mind, from your thoughts. I promise you can do this. I love you guys so much and don't forget, be limitlessly yourself.


Thank you. It being 10-15 I am compelled to interrupt the proceedings and now begin member statements. I recognize the member for Niagara Center. Thank you Speaker. People in Niagara Center need affordable places to live right now. I've been telling this government that repeatedly since 2018. The affordable housing crisis has been getting worse and worse over this government's term and they've done nothing to address it. Weightless in Niagara out of control and with rising costs folks are becoming more and more desperate. The government has an obligation to all Ontarians regardless of their background to ensure they can keep a roof over their heads. Housing is a human right. Yesterday 34 year old Steve Sterling of Welland showed up at my office with his 83 year old grandfather on his arm. He was trying to help his granddad resolve an outrageously high water bill. Steve has been living with his grandparents since his trade apprenticeship went off the rails last year through no fault of his own and he ended up back in a low-wage job. Steve's grandparents are moving into a supported living community next month. Steve has put out application after application for places that he can afford to live in. When he factors in car insurance gas and groceries basement apartments are the only thing in his price range. He has a small but steady income. He says landlords don't care and they are in the driver's seat. If Steve can't find a place by the end of next month he'll be living in his car. Mr. Speaker there is an affordable housing crisis in Niagara. The government has had four years to fix it and it has only gotten worse. When will we start treating housing affordability and homelessness like the crisis that it clearly is? Thank you Speaker. Member's statements. The member for Aurora or Cridges Richmond Hill. Thank you very much Speaker and good morning to all my colleagues. Speak for my last member's statements here at Queen's Park and before the election I'd like to dedicate a minute and a half to the members who are retiring as MPPs. Speaker I'd like to start off by thanking the member from Windsor to come sit who sat in a chair for my very first inaugural speech here in the Chamber Mr. Speaker. As a new member in 2018 when I was delivering my first remarks I was excited, was happy but also incredibly nervous. Speaker when I paused for a brief moment and looked up at the members sitting in the chair just like yours Mr. Speaker his calm comforting and supportive smile helped me get through the rest of my speech. Speaker I'd also like to thank the member from Dawn Valley West for her remarkable 19 years of service and leadership to her community and the residents across Ontario. Speaker for my colleagues on this side of the house I'd like to thank and congratulate the member representing Burlington and the member from Hastings Lenox and Addington for their many years of service and dedication to the people of this province. I'd also like to thank the member from Perry Sound Muskoka who served for a remarkable 23 years as MPP Mr. Speaker. I'd also like to congratulate the Deputy Premier and the Minister of Health and the member representing constituency Newmarket Aurora. It was an honour and a privilege to serve alongside you representing the great people of Aurora. Thank you for all you've done in the past four years in particular the last two I know it hasn't been easy. Speaker I'd also like to thank the member from Perth Wellington. He sets the bar extremely high for all of us members here and I'm incredibly grateful to have served with him and of course the member from Stormouth Dundas South Glengary who has been a great friend these past four years. And Speaker last but certainly not least I'd like to extend my congratulations and sincere appreciation to the member representing Bruce Gray Owen Sound. Thank you for not only being a great colleague but also a wonderful friend and a mentor to me and so many people here. I'd also like to thank the families of each and every member to allowing them to serve here. Fulfilling duties as an MPP is a great honour so I hope that you get to spend some time with your families and loved ones. Speaker they will all be missed here at Queen's Park but their legacies will never be forgotten and the good work they have done over the years and for some of them from different parliaments will continue to serve Ontarians long after retirement. Thank you for your service. Thank you Speaker. I'd like to thank my community at Parkdale High Park for placing their trust and hope in me for tasking me with the responsibility of representing us at Queen's Park. I'm proud to say that in the last four years we have done some incredible work together. We protected local jobs by saving the Ontario food terminal and successfully pushed the government to designate it as a provincially significant employment zone. With the love and support of my community I stood in this house with my newborn son in my arms and shown a bright light on the issue of maternal mental health which so many new mothers struggle with silently. We made history by passing my bill becoming the first jurisdiction in the world to recognise July is Tibetan Heritage Month and worked across party lines to create the Ontario Parliamentary Friends of Tibet summer program a paid opportunity for you to learn more about Ontario politics. The creativity and passion our community has to solve the biggest challenges whether it's the housing crisis or the climate crisis led to my tabling of over 20 bills and numerous motions during my first term. We fought back against illegal evictions and successfully kept some neighbours housed. Thanks to the perseverance of local small business owners we were able to secure funding for many who were denied grants and helped them weather the lockdowns. We assisted local organisations to access millions in funding from COVID-19 outbreak management funding for Copernicus Lodge to infrastructure funding for Hyde Park Nature Centre. The stones of network joined me to raise funds and distribute more than 15,000 free N95 masks to our neighbours who needed them most. Speaker there simply isn't enough time to share all the amazing things we have accomplished together in Parkdale Hyde Park. I am so proud and I know that we can and will do so much more. Thank you. Thank you. Member statements member for Mississauga Erin Mills. Thank you Mr. Speaker. Last week I had the pleasure to welcome Minister of Education to my writing of Mississauga Erin Mills. I was honoured to join him in announcing a new $249,000 in grants for Mba Ibrahim Charity and the Canadian Egyptian Heritage Association. These grants will go a long way towards helping our new immigrant students feel welcomed and adjust to their new home as well as combating racism and discrimination in Peel. Mr. Speaker I'm thankful for Minister Leche's strong support for Peel and the steps he took to clean many years of neglect from the previous government when actions were urgently needed to stop anti-black racism and discrimination in our Peel schools. Mississauga is a fantastic representation of the rich culture mosaic we have in Ontario and across Canada and I am honoured I had the chance to reach out and serve each of and every community and Erin Mills. I would like to take a moment to celebrate our rich diversity and the many celebrations of these coming weeks. Mr. Speaker as we are approaching the weekend I would like to wish our Christians and Roman Catholics a very blessed Good Friday and Happy Easter. Our Ontario-Jewish community a blessed bath over. Our Sikh community I wish you a wonderful Vesaki. Also I extend my wishes to Eastern Orthodox, Coptic, Armenians and Antukian Christians for a happy Easter next week. For all Muslim Ontarians observing the holy month of Ramadan. Mr. Speaker Ontario rich and diverse community are our strength and as we approach the end of 42nd session of parliament I wish Ontarians a wonderful summer and a time of peace and celebration with their loved families. Thank you. Thank you. Remember for Al-Golomana Speaker well since there is a theme of stretching this morning I'll see how I that I can stay within my timelines. I want to take this time to thank in the good people of Al-Golomana Tulin for having provided me with the honor privilege of representing them for the last 11 years. I don't know if this is going to be my last opportunity to speak to them before going on the doorsteps. I look across the way and I look across my the way on this side as well and over my shoulders. We've established some really good friendships here and there's a lot that we have to be proud of. I look at my friends across the way the many discussions that we've had from the class of 2011 new friends that I've made just this term and and I look forward to working with many of you going forward. I really want to put a big thank you to our team our house team here the member from Hamilton Mountain London West and to Miss Main Cochrane. You've made me a better person because of and a little bit of thanks to the government house leader as well because when you don't know what's coming at you you have to react pretty quickly and we've been punching pretty freaking good and it's it's funny I've always used this expression is I have pride myself on the relationship that I've built and I'm not want to throw stones across the way. What I will do is grab that stone I will walk over I will put it in your pocket so that when you leave from here you will remember that I asked a question and then I need your help and that's how I choose to look at things and those are the choices that I make so as you all go home this weekend celebrate it the way you see fit make sure you spend time with your family that's going to get you on the alley playing bowling. Member statements the member for York Centre. Speaker the right to liberty is enshrined by section seven of Canada's Charter but radical left wing ideology undermines 21st century liberty it mocks and demonizes everyone who even uses the phrase liberty and bullies governments into undermining it basic well agreed upon principles arising out of the right to liberty most notably the presumption of innocence are being eroded the presumption of innocence imports the right to do process governments can simply convict a person of an offense and impose a penalty without a hearing. Speaker bill 100 does exactly that it prescribes a conviction of a person and in position of penalty without a trial I quote from the explanatory note of the bill as drafted by legislative council section nine empowers the register of motor vehicles to make orders without a hearing suspending or canceling the plate portion of a permit for a commercial motor vehicle a trailer or CVR certificate speaker bill 100 expressly denies due process it allows government to convict and punish ontarians without a trial our rights should not be determined by political persuasion or ideology there's no harm resulting to government or people from a fair hearing which takes away someone's ability to make a living every ontarian regardless of their views on any political issue every lawyer every legislator must oppose this erosion of liberty I ask the government to respect the rule of law respect canada's democracy do not submit bill 100 for royal assent member statements order order order i think we're ready to resume member for order order the member for bruce grayo ensam thank you very much mr. speaker i want to start just by saying thank you very much to the member from aurora oakridge's richman hill for his kind words his friendship and it makes it a little easier to lead this place knowing that our house is in good shape with gq and the leadership of our young people that are coming in behind us i also want to say thank you to mpp mattha from agoma management for his kind words speaker i rise today to recognize a milestone achieved by one of my constituents in the great riding of bruce grayo ensam mr. brian rankin of meford recently celebrated his 25th year as the race director of the very successful and popular me for meford harbour run walk which i participate in speaker for the past 25 years mr. rankin has served as one of the leaders of this very important event the meford harbour run walk is a fundraising event for the meford hospital foundation and in his 25 year history has raised more than 750 000 for the local hospital this is an incredible achievement and a true reminder of the amazing things all of us can accomplish when we work together volunteer time and strive towards improving our communities mr. speaker the 2021 run walk was mr. rankin's last as race director i want to offer him my sincere congratulations for his efforts and volunteerism to make this event such a massive success the great thing about the run walk event is that it is open to everybody whether you're a competitive runner testing your skills against other top local runners or out for a leisurely stroll around the course from beautiful meford everybody is welcome mr. speaker as i said i myself have competed as a runner although it probably looks more like a walker event and i've always had a lot of fun although i must admit i have not yet emerged as a race winner i have no doubt the meford harbour run walk will continue to be an outstanding event and fundraiser under its new leadership mr. rankin's legacy of selfless dedication to this terrific cause will continue to live on into the future as the event continues to run and raise money for the meford hospital mr. speaker on behalf of all the residents of bruce grayland sound thank you to mr. rankin his team and everyone who volunteers in any capacity thank you speaker member for sudbury thank you speaker speaker yesterday i filed the motion for the legislative assembly of ontario to provide an official statement of apology to ontario's mac entire powder project miners instead i'd like to explain why the apology is warranted between 1943 1979 more than 25 000 ontario mine workers were forced to breathe a finely ground aluminum dust known as mac entire powder so before the start of each and every shift the doors of the dry that's the mining change room those were sealed shut speaker the ventilation will be turned off and a fine mist of aluminum dust was pumped inside it made the air turn black the miners sealed inside were told to breathe deeply so the dust could coat their lungs and protect them if they refuse they were fired unfortunately mac entire aluminum powder didn't protect these miners and instead speaker they experienced immediate and long-term health effects fortunately we've come a long way since this began decades ago despite expert evidence that recommended against the use of mac entire powder this practice was supported it was sanctioned by the ontario government but this year the ministry of labor announced that the diagnosis of parking disease linked to mac entire powder aluminum dust will be formally recognized as an occupational disease under the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act good news indeed this apology is important to more than 25 000 miners and their families from all across ontario these are valued community members loving husbands and wives supportive mothers and fathers these are people who dedicated lives and work to the betterment of our province with the mac entire powder project i'm asking the legislative assembly of ontario to provide an official statement of apology to these mac entire powder project miners what happened wasn't fair and they deserve to hear this apology as soon as possible they know the apology is symbolic but many of these miners are elderly most are health compromised speaker it remains incredibly urgent and important to them and as well they're now possible to hear it in person i look forward to working with all members of this legislature including jenice havers martel from the mac entire powder project to schedule a time for these miners and their families to hear this very important apology thank you speaker member for member for berry in this film thank you speaker today i rise to bring awareness to all members of this legislature and all enterians about parkinsons april is parkinsons awareness month month across canada parkinsons is chronic progressive and results in increasing disability and dramatic impacts on individuals families communities everywhere in ontario and everywhere in canada over a hundred thousand canadians are living with parkinsons and that number is expected to rise with 30 canadians being diagnosed every day they include constituents like mine greg griggs who's watching today and the statement is dedicated to you greg greg lives in berry and he's become a parkinsons ambassador he wants all enterants to know that parkinsons does not dismiss discriminate based on age and that you can be diagnosed at any age and very young greg was 39 when he was first diagnosed and at the time of diagnosis he was informed that had been he had been living with parkinsons for 10 years he just didn't know it but greg has not let that get him down he has not let it stop him from advocating for fellow canadians with parkinsons he has held events and fundraisers like show me your shake and has been a tireless advocate with his son tyler i encourage every member of this legislature to think about their constituents living with parkinsons and to take the time to learn more by visiting the parkinsons canada website and talking with your constituents with parkinsons thank you greg for all your efforts and thank you to your son tyler and i look forward to all your advocacy in our community and across canada thank you very much that concludes our member statements for this morning i beg to inform the house that pursuant to standing order nine h the clerk has received written notice from the government house leader indicating that a temporary change in the weekly meeting schedule of the house is required and therefore orders of the day on monday april 25th 2022 shall commence at 9 a.m. number of members want to raise points of order um we'll start with the member for nagrid center i seek unanimous consent to move a motion regarding the immediate passage of bill 81 the protecting vulnerable persons in support of living accommodation act 2021 to better ensure the health and safety of vulnerable residents in need of special care and that the question on the motion be put without debate or amendment mr. birch is seeking the unanimous consent of the house to move a motion regarding the immediate passage of bill 81 the protecting vulnerable persons in support of living accommodation act 2021 agreed heard and all the member for scarborough gildwood has a point of order border speaker i'd like to correct my record from this morning's debate um i was referring to the victim as saffi i'd like to to put into the record his correct name it's saffi yula kozra re and he's a 15 year old young man that was killed on january 20th 2020 at mark minnell's marron scarborough thank you very much another point of order member for scarborough global speaker i am asking for unanimous consent to move a motion without notice to passing bill 60 addressing gun violence the safe and healthy communities act and that we bring forward this legislation to pass second and third reading without notice for scarborough scarborough gildwood is seeking the unanimous consent of the house to move a motion with respect to the immediate passage of bill 60 agreed heard and all


So this is the studio where I work. This is my studio office. This is not where I pour all my resin. This is where a lot of the planning and drawing and painting happens. So I'm so fortunate to have this space. My wife is an artist, too, so we converted this whole top floor to studio space for us to work. And this is where I work. This is where I spend a lot of my time. Get it all done right here. I've been doing this for about a year now. Is that all? It was about a year ago that I started using resin. And less than a year using it in this way. And like I said, I'm a process junkie. I love exploring this. And when I found this, it seemed like it was bottomless. There's so much you could do. In fact, I've gone off in directions with the stuff that I haven't shown because I've realized that somebody was a distraction. Like, oh, I'm going to try doing that. What if I put all this stuff? You know what? I just need to focus on what I'm doing. But yeah, so it was digital and then traditional. And then coming to this, which really feels like my own voice. I want to ask you about New York. So you live in New York? I do. What is it about New York? Why do you work in New York? Why do you live in New York? I was living in San Francisco, and I was doing digital work and video games and stuff like that. Not to poo-poo any one city, but I feel like in San Francisco, I was spinning my wheels a little bit. You can't do that in New York. You come to New York, and you have to get serious. Everybody I know who's come to New York, whatever they were doing, they took it up 10 levels, whether that was the writing or nonprofit or whatever. It's not fair to wear, right? Yeah, you can't survive here if you're not hustling. And so what? Do you thrive on that? Absolutely. Absolutely. Yeah, I love the hustle. I do. I mean, it's a double-edged sword. If people say you wouldn't you be more relaxed if you did something else, then yeah, sure. But I wouldn't be as happy. I love this process of exploration. I love the urgency of it. I've got to figure out how to make this work, because bills are coming, and kids, and all this other stuff. That's interesting. So these are two of the sketchbooks that I use. I said I started going to this coffee shop and just sitting and drawing every day. And this is what sketchbooks look like. So this is when I was starting to plan out some of these pieces. This was sort of before resin. I was just sort of thumb nailing out some ideas for pieces. This is kind of what ended up as the piece downstairs. You know, just all kinds of different sketches and ideas while I was sleeping. That looks beautiful. These are all thumbnails that eventually may end up as pieces and pieces of resin. So this is what ended up as the one downstairs. That was the initial. That's where it all started. That was the initial thumbnail, yeah. So interesting. So you have these little thumbnails. Yeah. You do half a billion of them.  And then you take it into Photoshop, where you make you sort of, I guess, flesh out the idea a little bit more. Yeah. And Photoshop works in layers. And then you come back to the canvas. And again, you work in layers. And it's this really interesting process, too, because I'll work, and I'll work, and I'll work, and I'll go, OK, I think we're in a good place. And then I'll pour the resin on and go, oh, no, OK, there's a lot of stuff here that needs to get fixed. And that's when I started realizing that I needed more and more layers. And then it just became this process of finding ways to have these layers interact with each other and different kinds of brushstrokes and different kinds of effects, different kinds of materials using pencil, and different kinds of paint, oil, and acrylic, and what else do I have on here? Gold leaf, lots of gold leaf. So awesome. So what you're telling me, basically what I just heard you say is that this whole thing, which everyone looks at it and goes, oh, that is so awesome. Like, how did you come up with that?  Isn't that what art is? I think you exactly. Just a series of really fortunate accidents, I think. There you go, right? I think it's how you evolve as an artist is that you learn how to make the most out of your accidents. If you don't, then you're just doing the same thing kind of over and over again. And if you're not willing to make accidents, then you're not willing to grow. So if you want to be an artist, it's all about originality all the time. And so it's always sort of that road less traveled, problem solving, relying on whatever you see in that moment, push and pull, and responding to whatever it is that you've just done, and what does it need now, and what's the next step, what's the next step, what's the next step? No, exactly. I never have a 100% clear idea of how these are going to turn out. And sometimes they're done before. I know the piece over here, I looked at for probably two months before. I said, actually, I think it just is done. I think that's actually how it is. And then some of these pieces, I have a 20-pound paper weight in the other room, which is sort of a weighting resolution later. You know, I got to the place of the piece. I said, I just don't know where to take it. Because it's not a roadmap. It's not a set path. It's not like, OK, Google Maps tell me how to get to the end of the painting. It doesn't work that way.  There's parts of it that I like. There was something that I really liked about it. I couldn't figure out how to get there at the time. And so I stopped, put it aside, worked on something else. And now I'm going to go back probably in the next month and build on top of that. And what's interesting about the resin, as we said before, is that you'll be able to see that process underneath. And so I love that story. I love that part of the process of the art. And you don't get to see that in a lot of other kinds of art. Yeah, because it covers it up. It gets covered up.  I mean, they're beautifully unfinished. His under paintings were, you know, masterpieces. But you look at his paintings and sometimes in the corners, you're like, that's just umber. Like, he just laid that in and didn't touch it. You know, but with this process, I love that you can actually see each step along the way on some level. Yeah, I was so meticulous for so long. And when you start out as an artist, especially as a figurative artist, you're so caught up in like getting it right. And then when I finally got to this, sometimes there's just not any, you don't have any control over it. And I kind of loved the freedom of that, you know, of pouring this stuff out and looking at it and going, well, that happened. So what are we gonna do now? Like, you know, I need to make this into a thing or I want to make it into a thing. And finding ways to make those things that you didn't expect, those beautiful oopsies, and making them something that's really yours and beautiful, it's just been, it's been really exhilarating for me. So I love hearing that and I'm so, I'm so happy for you. Yeah, me too. You ask about, you know, how do I feel about selling work? I mean, I think it's a necessity, not just to pay your bills, but also to build your reputation as an artist and also like to evolve. Like if I have the work sitting around from, I keep a couple pieces that you can see in the living room is a few, I have one from art school that's up on the wall that I really like, but I don't keep all of it. And part of it is I just, I feel like I want to clear out space for something new. So it's as much about the financial aspect of it as it is about making, as evolving as a person, as an artist. Interesting, so it's, you don't have any like nostalgia tied to it or feeling you want to keep it around as a testament to your curriculum to Tay or anything like that. I have an interesting relationship with nostalgia. I'm very happy with a very fond memory. Yeah. I find that sometimes having the object around can kind of, it can kind of, not tarnish the memory exactly, but it can kind of get stale in a way, but that memory is so great because you can just get better and better and it can be a total lie and it doesn't matter. Yeah, so you kind of, you cut ties with it and then in a sense it freed you to explore other things.  Nobody wants to go on a date and talk about somebody's exes, right? Yeah. People ask me about, you know, how do you find your style? Like I'm looking for a style. I want to find something cool that people like. I'm like, well, you don't actually get to do that. Someone else has to come and say, this is all fine. I mean, I can't tell you how many artists I work with, a lot of artists for the gallery and people come to me and say, look at all this stuff and I say, this is all fine, but these three pieces are, you know, are really different and really amazing. If you can show me, you know, a portfolio of this work, that's you. And I have a number of artists who have gone on to go and do that work and they're very successful, not to pat my own self on the back, but just to say it's hard to do for yourself. It's so hard to do for yourself. Yeah, and sometimes, because as we were saying, right, like you're making art and you're kind of just, you're exploring everything and you're kind of going down all these different paths and, you know, you're just, you're coming up with ideas and you're just kind of going with it and rolling with it and then you wind up with some stuff and it's kind of like, okay, well, now, which is the good stuff and which is the stuff I want to do more of or which is the stuff I want to keep and so on and so forth. I think as long as you just keep doing stuff, then you're on the right track. Yeah, well, that's true. And I think you need community, you know, and I don't think that work evolves, I could be wrong, but I don't think it really evolves in a vacuum. I think that if you sit down, you can sit down and make the same mistakes for the rest of your life and not learn anything. You know, there's this idea of deliver, I forget who coined the term, but deliberate practice where you do something and then you try to objectively sit back and say, okay, so like, what's working and what's not working and you can do that to a point on your own, but it's important to have other people, other voices to come and say, well, you know, I was looking at this other thing last week that you would never have heard of and that might take you in another direction that starts to all kind of, all these different directions and ideas come together in the pot of, the melting pot of you and come out as your art, but I don't think you get to actually do that on your own.  And we show each other work and we push each other to do better and to do more. And like I said, I teach and one of the things that we work on is actually how to look at and talk about your work. So I'll ask other students to talk about other students' work. You know, what do you think is working here? Tell me one thing you think is working really well and one thing you would improve, but don't just say, I don't like this. Tell us what you would do. How do you solve this problem? Solve a problem, solve it. Yes, it is. And I think that is, you know, I remember really kind of thought about this, but yeah, I think it's true that when you're talking about the art, when you're talking about what you've done, you're having to identify things in a new way because you have to explain it with words instead of just making something with paint and colors and whatever. So now you have to bring language to it. And when you bring language to it, you are describing it in ways that may help you identify what's working and what's not and where do you go next.  Yeah. Right? We know if it doesn't look good. We know if it doesn't look good. What they can't tell you is why necessarily. And as an artist, it's our job to sort of explore these ideas. But the tough part is that we don't necessarily know why either. So we're all making it all up as we go along. And so, we have to go through and try these different things. Is it working? Is it not working? And we can come up with reasons, but in the end, does it work or does it not work? Yes. And that's it. And there's lots of rules. Do you like it? Do you not like it? Yeah. And if you like it, can you do it a hundred more times because you've got to body work, right? Right, right. And it's looking different. And slightly differently, and evolve, and be amazing. Yeah, no, it's no pressure. Exactly. Art isn't just about, here's how to make the picture better, here's how to make the picture better, but it's about like, what do you do when you're like dog died and your boyfriend broke up with you and like you're worried about paying rent and you've got to move and like all this other stuff that happens in your life that goes into this work. And that's where I think having someone like a real mentor is so valuable. Rebecca's the person that I'll text and say like, I feel like I should stop making art. Like I'm not good at this anymore. And she's like, okay, relax. We'll have a talk and we'll move fast at it. And that's what's so valuable about that. Yeah, I think artists like helping other artists, right? I think a many do. I've met a few who don't. Yeah, yeah, well. People, yeah. I think it's confidence to give artists, other artists tips, right? To say like, well, here's what works and here's what I've done and here's how I do things. You know, just because those people, those artists that are saying like, well, I don't want to share. I don't want to share because I don't want to be copied.  Exactly. So go ahead and show people. Honestly, like it takes courage, right? To share these things. But I think it's smart for two reasons. I think that maybe two reasons. I can think of one and I may come up with another before the end of my sentence. But I think it's smart to share these things because it builds community and it builds friendships and these are the things that can make or break a career. But the other thing, you know, the other thing is it builds your own name too. Like if you're out there sharing stuff, people will say, you know what, I heard Mark was talking about this the other day. He's got a YouTube about it or something and people come to you and if you start to build a reputation as a resource, that's just another feather in the cap for people sort of hearing about you and your work. There's lots of really great artists who do really great work who you won't hear about because they're grumpy and don't share any of it. And frankly, it's just like, I mean, a lot of artists deal with, I mean, we're like putting our hearts on the line, right? We're putting our stuff out there and it's a lot less nerve wracking to do with somebody else. Every project I've ever done that's gone well, I've brought other people in or someone's brought me in and it's been a group effort. And it's funny, I mean, I do this work on my own but there's nothing about this that doesn't feel like a group effort to me. Like there's so much influence and so many people who have been a part of my journey that this is absolutely a culmination of all of those people's work and I'm just grateful for all of it.


A very good morning friends. I welcome you all to the weekly Indian Express Newspaper analysis brought to you by the Shankara AIS Academy. Today I have chosen six different articles which were published in the last week of October in Indian Express Newspaper. Friends I have chosen these articles based on their current relevance to our UPSC examination. Friends you can complement this analysis with the daily Hindu news analysis of the Shankara AIS Academy to get a holistic picture of the current affairs of the week. Displayed here are the news articles which we are going to discuss now. So without much delay let's get into discussion. Before entering discussion I have an important announcement to make. See we know that current affairs are playing an important role in our civil service preparation. It will be a constant companion in all the three stages of the exams that is priloms, mains and interview. So to cover them holistically Shankara AIS Academy has started Chakra Initiative. These initiatives features 50 plus current affairs session, nine total tests and five rapid revision sessions. With this features this initiative covers the current affairs from both preliminary and mains perspective. See that the first session of the initiative starts from 1st November 2023. For the various other details about the program I am attaching a link below. You can click on the link and go through the program. With this you can enrich your preparation. Look at this article. Recently Russia passed a law to withdraw from the ratification of comprehensive test ban treaty or CTBT. See this was done in the background of a strained relationship between Russia and Western powers. This train was further increased due to the recent Russia Ukraine war. See this is the crux of the article. In our discussion let us see about the comprehensive test ban treaty or CTBT. First of all what is CTBT? See CTBT is a multilateral treaty that bans all nuclear explosions across the world. These nuclear explosions could be for military or peaceful purposes but CTBT bans all these nuclear explosions. Know that it was adopted by United Nations General Assembly UJNGA in the year 1996. Subsequently this treaty was signed by 187 nations and ratified by 178 nations across the world. Now let us see the objectives of this treaty. Firstly it aims to stop qualitative and quantitative nuclear arms across the world. Secondly it aims to prevent further health and environmental damages which are caused by nuclear test explosions. Thirdly it curbs both the development of new nuclear weapons and the improvement of the existing nuclear weapons.  Know that this treaty was not implemented till now because for the treaty to get into force it must be signed and ratified by 44 specific countries of the world. You can ask why these specific countries? Why because these are the holders of the nuclear technologies of the world but eight of these 44 countries have not yet ratified the agreement. These eight countries are China, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan and the United States of America. Therefore CTBT has not entered into force and it lacks legal authority in the world. Now let us see the institutional arrangements of the treaty. See CTBT provides for extensive verification measures to ensure the compliance of the treaty. It includes international monitoring system, IMS to detect any nuclear explosions across the world. Secondly it has a global infrastructure of the satellite communications from IMS station to IDC that is International Data Center. The purpose of the IDC is to process and distribute the data to the parties of the treaty. Thirdly this treaty has on-site inspection mechanism to determine whether any country has cheated on its commitment and more over to implement the verification arrangements the treaty establishes comprehensive test ban organization or CTBTO. Know that it is an organization established by the parties to the treaty on 1996. Its headquarters is located in Vienna. The objective of the organization is firstly to achieve the purpose of the treaty. Secondly to implement the provisions of the treaty. Thirdly it provides an forum for consultation and cooperation among the member states. Now let us see what is the significance of this treaty. Since its introduction the testing of the nuclear weapon has been discouraged around the world. Know that even non ratifying countries like India, Israel, Pakistan has been observing the moratoriums of the treaty. Now finally let us see the stand of India with respect to the comprehensive test ban treaty. Know that India has refused to sign CTBT. This stand of India is driven by its national security interests. We all know that India views nuclear weapon as an effective deterrent against its nuclear neighbors. This is all about the discussion. In this discussion we saw about the comprehensive test ban treaty, the objectives of the treaty, whether this treaty got implemented across the world and we also saw about the institutional arrangements of the treaty and we also saw about the significance and the stand of India with respect to CTBT. Now with all these learned points let us take up the next article. Look at this news article which was published in Indian Express. It talks about the concerns of the election commission on conducting simultaneous elections in the country. Know that in a reply to the law commission, this idea of one nation one election, election commission asks for a definite lead time of up to one year for implementing the idea of conducting one nation one election. See this is the crux of the article. In our discussion let us see about the idea of simultaneous election or one nation one election. Its advantages and the challenges associated with it. First of all what is simultaneous elections? See simultaneous elections is an idea of holding elections to Lok Sabha, state legislative assemblies, local self bodies at the very same time that is once in five year time period. See the central aim of the idea is to minimize the frequency of elections in the country and thereby reducing the cost associated with it. Know that the practice of simultaneous election is not a new phenomenon in the country. In fact it was very common until 1967 and then it was disrupted due to various factors like dismissals of the government's defection within the party etc. See this idea has come again to the limelight with the prime minister advocating for it and recently a high-level committee headed by former president Ramnath Govind has been appointed to inquire about this idea. Now let us see the advantages of conducting simultaneous elections. The first advantage is it leads to the reduction in the massive expenditure of conducting elections. As we all know that elections in India is a very costly exercise that needs a huge amount of money as per the PRS data the formal expenditure by the election commission of India for conducting 2019 Lok Sabha elections was about 10,000 crores. The cost of election commission will be substantially lowered with the implementation of one nation one election. Moreover the same electoral role can be used for all three types of elections and this will lead to saving a substantial time and resources for the state. Let us see the second advantage this will ensure effective governance in the country. Currently elections are a recurrent phenomenon in this country it means elections are happening for every three months know that under the political pressure to win the elections the focus of every national leader that is from the prime minister to a local panjait member will be solely focused on winning the elections so it often leads the neglect of governance in the country and this will be solved by idea of simultaneous elections. Secondly election will result in the frequent imposition of model code of conduct MCC. This puts hold on the entire development program and activities of both the union and state governments in the pole bound states. This problem will also be addressed by one nation one election. The third important advantage is continuity in the policy making. As we all know MCC will come into effect as soon as the election commission announces the date for elections during this period no policy decision can be made by the governments. Thus it results in the delay in key policy initiatives at both state and central levels. Secondly due to the pressure of the elections parties often tend to drop the long-term capital gains plans and they adopts various populist measures like freebies subsidies for merely winning the elections. These problems will be effectively addressed by the simultaneous elections. Let us see the fourth advantage. The advantage is prolonged deployment of the security personnel will be reduced by simultaneous elections. As per the PRS data know that about two to five assemblies will go to poles in every six months period. This leads to a lock-in of central armed police force and more state police force for prolonged periods and thus diversifying them from their official duties. Simultaneous election will lead to the effective utilization of human resources of this country. Let us see the fifth advantage. It is reduced political polarization. Frequent election can increase the political polarization and identity-based politics in the country. This may lead to hate crimes across the societies. Simultaneous election will give no election pressure for at least five years to the political parties. This will encourage the political parties to focus on broad national and state level issues rather than doing divisive local politics. The sixth advantage is enhanced voter participation. See, simultaneous elections will encourage the higher voter participation as citizens have to cause their vote for every five years. Moreover, it will be helpful for the migrant workers who works at various parts of country to cause their votes and participate in the electoral democracy of the country. See, this is all about the benefits of one nation, one election. Now, let us see the challenges which are associated with one nation, one elections. See, for the first challenges, the constitutional challenge. Simultaneous elections require an amendment in various articles of the constitution like article 83, 85, 172, 174 and 356. Thus, it will need a constitutional amendment with 50% ratification of the states. This is going to be a huge challenge for the government. The second challenge is achieving a synchronization with the various state assemblies. Know that the terms of various state assemblies vary with the terms of the Lok Sabha. So, to conduct simultaneous elections, the senator will have to make an agreement with the state to either curtail the term or to increase the term. We know that the curtailment and the extension of assembly duration is not an easy task. See, let us see with the data from PRS to understand it better. As per the recent report, we know that for 17 states, the terms will be reduced by year and a half if we implement simultaneous elections. The terms of assemblies like Karnataka, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tiripura will be reduced by three and a half years or more. So, making the states to agree to this idea is not an easy task. Let us see the third challenge. The third challenge is with a logistical challenge. According to the recent report by the election commission, if elections are held simultaneously in 2024, it needs an additional 11.49 lakh control units, 16 lakh ballot units and 13 lakh VVPATs to conduct the elections. See, this will be a major logistical challenge for the election commission. Moreover, deploying central force across the country is also a logistical challenge for conducting these elections. The fourth major challenge is this idea will have a negative impact on the voting behavior and pattern of the country. Assume that when an election is held at the national level, the national level issues will overshadow the regional aspirations and concerns of the people. The fifth challenge is the one nation, one election will reduce the accountability of the lawmakers. For example, assume that if there is a policy which is negatively impacting the people. So, due to this policy, the ruling party at the central level is losing in a state election. Then, due to this electoral defeat, the central party is forced to change the policy which is impacting the people. But with the implementation of the simultaneous election, the electoral parties need not worry about the concerns of the people for at least five years. The next big challenge is the risk of one party system. See, the synchronization of the elections might lead to the dominant one party system. It means the party winning at the national level may also sweep at the state level also. And moreover, this will impact the small and state parties to the most. And this will curtail the political diversity which is necessary for a healthy democracy in the country. See, these are all about the concerns or challenges associated with the one nation, one election. See, this is all about the discussion. In this discussion, we saw about the idea of simultaneous election, the benefits of conducting it, and the challenges which are associated with this idea. So, please revise the points which we have discussed now and it will be very useful for your main examinations. With this learned points, let us move on to the next article. Look at this news article. The central government has recently launched Dark Patterns Buster Hackathon 2023. See, the aim of this hackathon is to design an app or a web-based solutions to detect the dark patterns in the dark patterns online. See, these dark patterns are very common among the e-commerce websites of the internet. So, this is the crux of the article. Now, let us see about dark patterns from the exam perspective. See, first of all, what are dark patterns? See, the term was coined by Harry Brignel, a user experience designer in 2010. He described dark patterns as the ways by which the software companies can subtly trick the users to do things which they did mean to do so. It also means to discourage the behaviors which are not advantageous for the companies. Know that the dark patterns are termed as unfair trade practices and the violation of the customer rights under Consumer Protection Act 2019. Now, let us see the various type of dark patterns according to the consumer affairs ministry. First of all, we are going to discuss about urgency. See, these tactics create a sense of urgency or a scarcity to pressurize the consumers into purchase the product. Let me give you an example. I hope many of you have ordered things on Amazon. Sometimes, when you are scrolling through the product, you might have noticed below the product that only one product is left. At that time, what will you do? We will probably order that product, right? But the proper which has appeared has only one left with urgency tactic by the companies. Let us see the second type. The second type is basket sneaking. See, it is a maltractice of adding additional products or services to our shopping cart without the consent of the user. Let us see the third tactics. It is called conform sharing. This tactic uses guilt or shame to influence the user's decision making. This guilt can range from mild guilt trips to severe emotional abuse of the user. Let me give you an example. Sometimes websites will insult the user for not opting into the service. You could have seen that commercial offers that uses the statements like no, I prefer you to pay, I prefer to pay more. These are the kinds of conform sharing tactics. Let us see the fourth things. The fourth thing is forced action. This involves forcing the consumers into taking an action they may not want to take. For example, such as signing up for the services in order to access the content. The fifth one is nagging tactic. What does it means? It means persistent, repetitive, annoyingly constant criticism, complaints or request for actions. Let me give you an example. You would have seen in YouTube it always nags us to sign up for YouTube premiums with obscuring pop-ups, obscuring the final seconds of video with thumbnails of next video, etc. It nagging us to opt for YouTube premium by doing such tactics. Let us see the sixth tactic. It is called subscription tap. This tactic makes it easy for the consumer to sign up for a service but it will make them difficult to cancel it often by hiding the cancellation option or requiring multiple steps to cancel it. For example, Amazon was incurred in the European Union for its confusing multi-step canceling process of the Amazon Prime subscription. Let us see the seventh one. It is called bait and switch. You would have experienced this issue where we saw an advertisement for a product in online and we are satisfied with that and we are looted by that and we will order that. But when it got delivered, we will be shocked as it will be an entirely different product or a product of similar type but with lesser quality. This is all about bait and switch. Now, let us see about drip pricing. See, this tactic involves hiding additional costs from the consumers until finally they are committed to making a purchase. Let us see the final one. It is called disguised ads. Disguised ads are nothing but advertisements that are designed to look like other type of content like news article, user generator content, etc. See, these are the various types of dark patterns which we are observing in the internet. Now, let us see about the actions which are taken by the government. The central government urged e-commerce companies not to use dark patterns on their platforms. Know that the government also set up a 17-member committee to prepare guidelines to protect the consumers from dark patterns. Moreover, the government has also released National Consumer Helpline 1915 to complain about the grievances of dark patterns. It additionally told that the compilations of such complaints will be used by central protection authority to initiate actions under Consumer Protection Act 2019. See, this is all about the dark patterns which we are facing in our internet. With this learned points, let us take up the next news article. Look at this news article. Recently, the Delhi police arrested a woman who was accused of human trafficking. This may look like an ordinary crime news but the shocking fact is in fact she was arrested now but the case against her first first registered 30 years ago. See, this incident reveals us the flaws in the current model of combating human trafficking and the need for a restructured mechanism to deal with the cases of trafficking. This is the crux of the article. Now, let us see in our discussion about the human trafficking. Before entering our analysis, let us look at the syllabus. See, this topic will come under General Studies 3 under the topic of challenges to internal security through communication network, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges. And it may also ask in the topic of security challenges and their management in border areas, linkages of organized crimes with terrorism. See, these are all the areas in our syllabus where we can fit this analysis. Okay, let us get into discussion. First of all, what is human trafficking? See, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNODC, human trafficking means recruitment, transportation, harboring, transfer or receipt of a person for exploitation by using certain means. These means are the use of threat, force, abduction, fraud, deception, etc. No, the purpose of human trafficking is for exploitation. That includes physical or sexual exploitation, slavery or forced removal of organs. Guys, see, I am giving you a standard definition from the official website like UNODC. Likewise, you can also create a template of definition for various topics like terrorism, cyber threat, etc. The word means examination. This will save your time in the examinations or you can give an alternative definition of your own definition like human trafficking is a trade of human beings by various methods like abduction, fraud, deception, etc. This is mainly done for making money or doing any drug peddling activities. See, this is one of the important organized crime which is rising in recent times. Likewise also, you can also give a own introduction for the topic. See, this is all about the introduction of human trafficking. Now, let us see some data regarding the human trafficking. According to the National Crimes Record Bureau, NCRB, a total of 2189 cases of human trafficking were registered in 2021. This was 27.7% rise when compared to the 1714 cases which were filed in 2020. And moreover, a total of 6500 victims were reported to be trafficked which includes 2800 children and 3600 adults. Apart from this, 6000 victims were being rescued from the clutches of the traffickers. Okay, this is all about the recent data regarding the human trafficking. See, quoting the recent data will enrich your answer in Main's examination. Now, let us move on to various types of human trafficking. See, the various types are based on the purpose of the trafficking which includes forced labor, prostitution, sexual exploitation, domestic servitude, forced marriage, child pornography, etc. Now, let us see the causes of human trafficking. See, the first and foremost causes poverty and lack of income. See, empty stomach forces people to look for menial jobs in urban areas such as unskilled jobs, domestic workers, etc. These people will intend fall under the clutches of the traffickers and they were exported to cities or other countries for domestic servitude or bonded labor, etc. See, the second reason is caste-based discrimination and illiteracy. See, this factor forces people to sign contracts for mere advances and thereby pushing them to forced or bonded labor. The third causes increasing sex trade and domestic labor market. See, patriarchy and dominant thoughts often see woman as a lesser being or as a commodity to make profit. This makes them prone to the market of sex trade or domestic labor. Know that the minor girls in the age group of 15 to 18 years are more vulnerable to trafficking due to the said reasons. The fourth important trend is there is a rise in cyber trafficking. See, a recent report by UNODC reveals a shocking trend. We can see an increasing usage of internet among the children for education entertainment purposes. But this was used by the traffickers as a trap to entrap the victims by advertising false jobs on social media. The fifth important causes, various negative externalities like COVID-19 pandemic, armed conflict in Arab or African countries and climate change across the world, further increases the vulnerability of children and women to human trafficking. Let us see the final cause of the problem. The final cause is the lack of enforcement of law. See, look at the data of the Anti-Human Trafficking Unit, AHTU. In 2010, it was planned that 330 AHTU would be set up across the country. In 2020, recent RTE reports from 2020 reveals that only 225 AHTU had been set up. Moreover, a study conducted by Sanyoj, a civil society organization, states that as of 2020, only half of the AHTU that were previously notified were functioning. That is, out of 225 AHTU which were notified, only half of them are in the functioning state. It also reveals that most of the institutions were constituted only by the police officials or near-reteries. This apathy of the police department can be visible with extremely low conviction rates in the human trafficking crime. See, in 2019, there were 140 acquittals and only 38 convictions in the cases of human trafficking. These were the various causes of this problem. Now, let us move on to the impacts of human trafficking. See, the first and foremost impact is the economic exploitation. Persons who are trafficked often tend to work in inhuman conditions, low and up similar wages. We should also know that forced labor like beggar system are directly related to human trafficking. Let us see the second impact of this problem. The second is violation of human rights. Human trafficking violates the victims' human rights. The victims were deprived of their freedom, dignity and security. The third impact is physical or psychological trauma of the victims. See, the victims will face physical, psychological abuse, violence, drama. It will have an impact of injuries, sexually transmitted diseases, malnutrition, psychological impacts like anxiety, depression, PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder, etc. Let us see the fourth impact. See, human trafficking, drug trafficking are closely related to terror financing. To put it simply, these are all the three sides of the same internal security problem triangle. Thus, human trafficking poses a serious threat to the security of the country. The fifth impact is the child trafficking. The trafficking of children leads to the robbing of childhood from the children. It forces them to do child labor. This leads to serious damage to the physical and mental health of the children. Now, we have completed the impacts of human trafficking.  First of all, let us see the legislative measures needed to combat this menace. See, currently India does not have a composite anti-trafficking law to deal with the issue in a comprehensive manner. That is, to address from the prevention, protection, stages 2, rehabilitation, compensation of victims' stages. In fact, we are having separate laws like immoral trafficking to stop the immoral trafficking and sex work. We are having Bonded Labor System, Avalanche Act, 1976, which prohibits the system of bonded labor. We are having Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994, which effectively banned the commercial dealing in human organs. See, from the said examples, we can assume that we are having separate laws for each and every crime. But the need of the hoverers, India needs a comprehensive law to deal with all of them because all these problems are interconnected to each other. In this context, the trafficking in persons, prevention, care, and rehabilitation bill 2021 needs to be passed immediately to address the issue of human trafficking. The second step is increasing the coordination among AHTU is the need of the hoverer. A joint operations by state and central government should be encouraged to overcome the issue of human trafficking. The third step is by leveraging the technologies. By leveraging the technologies, we shall combat the human trafficking and we shall also increase the operational efficiency of the forces. Let us take the next example. India is having Crime Multi-Agency Center or CREAMAC. Actually, it is a national level communication platform which was launched in March 2020. This IT platform will help to share information among the center state's police forces. This information can also be used against the human trafficking across the country on a real-time basis and it will increase the interstate coordination. Fourth important steps need to be taken is international collaboration. See, India should collaborate with the neighborhood and other countries in combating human trafficking. Why? Because most of the trafficking is routed through the neighborhood countries only. See, India is in the middle of two of the world's biggest illicit opium growing states. They are Afghanistan and Myanmar. So, there is a definite linkages between drug trafficking, money laundering and human trafficking which affects the security of India. So, what we need to do? We need to have a collaborative effort like knowledge exchange platform to share innovative approaches, information about the victims and the offenders with each other. See, the final step is there is also a need to foster partnership with the third sector like NGO, academia and private sectors to collaborate in various areas like rehabilitation of the victims, increasing the awareness about the trafficking, educating the children about these crimes, providing psychological and emotional supports during the rehabilitation process. See, before concluding, let us have a recap about what we saw. In this discussion, first we saw about the human trafficking, types of human trafficking, causes of trafficking and the impacts of this problem. And finally, we saw about the various steps taken by the government. Guys, please revise this point often because it will be very useful for writing mains answers. So, with this learned points, let us conclude this discussion and take up the next article. Look at this news article. It was published in Indian Express on October 23. See, the bond yield on a 10-year-old government bonds in the United States rose to 5%. It is the highest level of increase since July 2007. You can ask why an increase in the U.S. bond yield is important to us? Why means? It is the benchmark rate for all other asset prices across the world. Various economists attribute to this rise to the various factors like rising crude oil prices, inflation, etc. See, this is the crux of the article. In our news discussion, let us analyze about the various economic terms like bond, bond yield, etc. First of all, what is a bond? Generally, a bond is an instrument used to borrow money from the market. It can be issued by both the governments or by the companies to rise funds. Know that the government bonds are also called as GSECs or generally backed by a sovereign guarantee of the government. So, they are considered to be one of the safest instruments in the market than the private sectors. In this junction, we should know about the basics of the market. A highly secured investment will give low yield and vice versa. So, by going through that logic, GSECs will have the lowest returns on investments. This return is technically called yield. So, let us see what is bond yield? Generally, bond yield is the return an investor realizes on a bond. To put it simply, bond yield is the return on the capital which was invested by the investor. But this return on the bond is not fixed. It changes with the various parameters like the price of the bond, interest rates, etc. Now, let us see some of the basic economic terms like bond price, face value, coupon payment to understand the correlation between them in a better manner. First of all, let us see what is bond price? See, bond price is the price at which the bond is sold to the investors. Second, face value. It is an amount a bond holder will receive when there is the maturity of the bond. It is also called as par value. Know that this face value will always remain fixed. But the price of a bond can fluctuate in the market based on the prevailing market interest rates. Let us see the third component. It is coupon payments. Coupon payments are nothing but annual interest rate paid on a bond. It is generally expressed as a percentage of the face value. See, the coupon rate is paid from the issue date until the maturity of the bond. These are all various basics of the bond market. Know that every bond has a face value and a coupon payment. Moreover, it will also have a price of a bond which may or may not be equivalent to the face value of the bond. This is the basics of various terms used in the bond market. Now, let us apply them in an example to understand the concept in a good manner. Suppose the face value of a 10-year government security is 100 rupees. The coupon payment is 5 rupees. Buyer of the bond will give the government rupees 100. That is the face value. In return, the government will pay them rupees 5 as the coupon payment every year for the next 10 years. Why? Because the bond was purchased for 10 years. The government will pay back rupees 100 at the end of the 10 years. This is how a bond market will work. In the example which we discussed now, the bond yield or effective interest rate is 5%. This is the basics of bond yield. Now, let us see how an yield falls. Generally, bond price and yield are inversely related. As the price of the bond goes up, it yields goes down. And when yield goes up, the price will go down. It may look some chaotic, but let us understand it with a good example. Imagine a situation in which there is only 1 Gsuck in the market. And there are 2 buyers in the market. In such a scenario, the selling price of the bond may go from rupees 100 to 105 or 110. Why this is so? This is because of the competitive bidding by the 2 buyers. Now, you have to remain full of a fact that even if the bond is sold at rupees 110, the coupon payment of the bond will not change. Why so? Because it is expressed as a percentage of the face value, which we have discussed already. Thus, as the price of the bond increases from rupees 100 to 110, the yield will falls to 4.5%. This is all about the fall in the bond yield. See, the reverse will happen when there is a fall in the bond price of the market. It means it will increase the bond yield. This is all about the basics of the bond market, bond yield etc. This is all about the discussion. Let us take up the next news article. Look at this news article, which was given in the explained column of the Indian Express. See, last week several state governments have ordered their respective schools to get a parental consent for its new scheme. The scheme is for the creation of a new student ID card for the whole of the country. This process is officially known as Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry or APAAR. This is the crux of the article. So, in our discussion, let us see about APAR or APAAR. First of all, what is APAR? APAR stands for Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry. See, it is a 12-digit digital identification system for the school students in India. Know the purpose of the APAR is to give each student, starting from pre-primary to higher education, a unique identification number. Know that it is a part of one nation, one student ID initiative of the union government. This idea had its genesis from the new national education policy of 2020. Now, let us see what is the purpose of APAR? See, the first purpose is it aims to give each student a lifelong APAR ID. See, this ID will serve as a guide to the students, schools or governments to track the academic progress of the students from pre-primary to higher education level. As we all know, this was the objective of national education policy 2020 to comprehensively cover the education timeline from pre-primary to higher education level. Secondly, APAR will digitally store the academic qualification, credits, scores, certificates of the students. By doing so, this will ensure a hassle-free access for the students to their respective documents. Moreover, APAR will also connect students to the digital locker system of the government. Now, let us see what is the process of APAR? In the process, firstly, students will have to give their basic informations like name, age, date of birth, gender and photograph to the schools. Then, the collected information will be verified against the Aadhar number of the student. Here, an important point to be remembered is the Aadhar will be only used in the verification purposes and will not be shared or stored anywhere else. Know that the enrolment process will be done by the schools. This will be done with the consent of the parents. Moreover, we should know that parents can withdraw their consent at any given point of time. Moreover, APAR's data will be shared only with the concerned government agencies and the data will be stored in a centrally functioning district information education portal. Now, let us see what are the challenges with APARID? The first challenge is with the data security concerns. See, there is a general concern about the leakages of data security. This was increased due to the various leakages in the Aadhar data in recent times. So, we should take strict actions to ensure the privacy of the children. Secondly, this will be an extra work for the schools. See, school teachers are already vested with various works like election duty, verifying Aadhar details for the children, etc. So, APAR registration will put additional burden on the schools. This may reduce the learning outcome of the children. That's all about the discussion regarding the APAR. Here in this analysis, we saw about what is APAR, the roots of the APAR, what is the purpose of it and the concerns regarding it. So, with this, let us close this discussion. With this article, we have come to the end of a discussion. I hope with this video, you can comprehensively cover all the important topics of the week. We expect your continued support for this program. You can support us by like, share your friends and subscribe to Shankar IS Academy for more updates regarding your civil service preparations. Thank you for watching. Thank you.