Hello friends, welcome back to the channel, I hope you're all doing well, so this video this morning is to shed some light on the current situation with the brand new spotlight terrarium event for walking wake and iron treads and the returning 7 star raid for chest snout in pokemon skull and violet. Last night the events went live and everything seemed fine, I did the videos on the 7 star chest snout raid and that was fine and then I proceeded to do the update video and the solo video for the great tusks and the iron treads, I subsequently defeated two great tusks for examples and then defeated one iron treads online and everything was fine, did the videos, edited them, put them up and was quite happy. Then after I finished the video had a flurry of messages, checked twitter as well and it seemed like a lot of people were having issues with the raid itself where when they were going in to battle the pokemon they were defeating it catching it and getting the rewards one of the items listed in the rewards section was coined as none and it was at the value of two and this seemed to be like a common trend there was a lot of people experiencing this after this happened when you went back into the overworld the game actually crashed so I was like this is so weird because I didn't experience any of this and I didn't host the raids I went online as well and joined a raid and I had no issues getting any of these pokemon so I subsequently went into another raid that was in my game and of course I encountered the same issue I got the item with none as its name and then the game subsequently crashed and I lost all of my data up to that point that I'd done I didn't lose my save data just the the data that I had for the raids so I decided to make an update video on that to make people aware of the problems in the raid try to look through twitter try to look on reddit for a bunch of issues see if anyone else had any more information to try and give you as much information as possible recorded that video it seems to be a problem with the non item where that was causing the crash now whether or not this non item was something that's meant to be for the dlc's and it's been put in by mistake or whether or not the item itself has just been completely coded wrong or it's an empty slot that hasn't been filled who knows might have been even meant for herba mystica we can all kind of hope I think at this point we deserve something like herba mystica when this event returns it's another matter for another time but getting on to the video I did the video for the glitch video about the game crashes to make awareness and then I realized that the event itself had been pulled completely so all the videos that I did last night completely irrelevant right now we've had an update this morning from the play pokemon twitter account to say we identified an issue that could result in an error after facing five star great tusk and iron treads in pokemon skull and violet these raid battles will be suspended including chestnut with the mightiest mark so we're currently waiting on further information on when these raids will come back and when this issue will be fixed as far as I was aware the seven star chestnut event was not an issue at all I did about seven or eight of those just to kind of run through them with the bronzong that we featured on the channel just to make sure that that actually worked properly which it did and then I went on to do the great tusks and iron treads which then I had no issues with but then subsequently found out there was issues with so that has been pulled now I don't think there's going to be an event running this weekend hopefully we get an update like normal on sunday night but I would imagine rather than the next seven star terror raid returning we're going to get this event returning next weekend with fixes to it but as soon as we get an update on any of this I will let you know but I wanted to put this video out as soon as possible just to make you all aware because I'm sure a lot of you are kind of trying to go online with your switch at the moment and you're thinking well why is the event not happening why can't I access anything when I go online and this is the reason why there was issues with the event last night it was a series of events that happened from about midnight until 3am and I think it was about 4am when I actually got to bed and now I can see about an hour ago that play pokemon put an update out about this so hopefully that explains everything like I say as soon as we do get a new update for this or any news in regards to what they're gonna do to kind of bring the event back or resolve the issue that was there in the first place I will let you know so we will leave it there friends thank you so much for tuning in I hope this video has been helpful at least if it has please drop a like as always do subscribe to the channel so you stay up to date with all of our pokemon scholar and violet content and I'll see you all in another video very soon so until then take care of yourselves and bye bye


The House of Representatives have adopted the motion seeking to investigate the activities of labour recruiters, labour agencies and employment agencies. This was with a view to unravelling issues of human trafficking and child labour racketeering amongst others. You see your TB crimes on the walls, despotency, whereby from abroad you see many of these children youth that have been deceived either by their labourers or by their carers or those that are more vulnerable are our youth in the villages that are their parents are possibly half literate. They go to tell them, I want to go and send your daughter, I'll take your daughter to school, I want to go and learn this, I want to go and learn that. All the preachers immediately leave the shore of this country. Mr. Speaker, Distinguished Knowledgeable Members, it's so sad if you see what the normally do with them abroad. And the receivers are at that other end. I have not of listened, heard, seen anywhere, those that they have the poorest children back into this country where consequences of the land, that is the laws of the land, can be cut off to them. People back at home here, those they have caught, we have not seen where they have been punished. So these are what we want these committees to find out, investigate, bring people to book and let us know the way forward. Don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Normal count of red blood cells at birth is around 6-7 million per cubic millimeter while in adult males it is 5-5.5 million per cubic millimeter and adult females it is still lesser that is 4.5-5 million per cubic millimeter. So you see why the count in adult males is more compared to the females because of the reproductive hormone testosterone which actually stimulates the erythropoiesis and it also causes release of erythropoietin so that also increases the erythropoiesis. On the other hand female hormone that is estrogen it inhibits erythropoiesis that is why the RBC count is less in females compared to males but you see at birth the count is much more so at birth and in infants the RBC count is much more compared to that in adults. Why is it so? Well infants have a hemoglobin that is hemoglobin F and this hemoglobin F has much higher affinity for oxygen. So this hemoglobin by virtue of having higher affinity for oxygen there is a decrease in release of oxygen to the tissues. So you may ask that why then hemoglobin F is present in uterus and after at birth? Well this hemoglobin F increase affinity is useful for carrying oxygen from the maternal blood to the fetal blood so that is why that is important but because of this virtue only it is releasing less oxygen into the tissues. So that means this compensation is brought about by increased RBCs because there will be hypoxia to the tissues right so it will lead to increase in synthesis of the RBC. So you should remember that at birth RBC count is much more compared to that in adults. Then life span in adults the RBC life span is 100 to 120 days basically approximately 4 months. While in infants the life span of RBC is approximately 60 to 80 days so that is approximately 2 to 2 and a half months and this is because that in infants the RBCs are susceptible to oxidative damage. Coming to shape and size of RBCs you see the diameter of RBC so this diagram is showing the RBC and the full axis right so this is the diameter diameter of RBC is approximately 7.5 microns. Central thickness is 1 microns while peripheral thickness is 2 microns so centrally you see thickness is less it is only 1 microns while peripherally it is more this is 2 microns and this is the biconcave shape of the RBCs which we talk about. Then volume of a single RBC is 90 micrometer cube so fundamentally in cross section of RBC we are seeing the biconcave shape of RBC and what are the advantages of this biconcave shape what is the need and how it is helping the physiology. First of all if surrounded by a hypotonic solution where water will start moving from the hypotonic solution into the cell in that case RBC can swell quite a bit before bursting and basically this concept is used in one test known as osmotic fragility where RBCs are placed in different solutions with different hypotonicity and we see that in which solution the RBCs have started bursting more so that gives the osmotic fragility of the cells and as the RBCs age there is increase in the osmotic fragility with age of the RBCs because of the loss of this membrane of the RBCs and that there is change in the shape so this biconcave shape is best suited for squeezing through the narrow spaces and you see the size of the capillaries is around 5 to 6 micrometers while the diameter of RBCs is 7.5 micrometers so how do they pass through the capillaries that is because of this biconcave shape then due to this biconcave shape they have a large surface area to volume ratio so for a particular volume the surface area of the RBC is quite large and due to this there is increase in the efficiency of O2 transfer so more membrane is available for the diffusion of the oxygen across the RBC membrane now RBCs do not have any nucleus or any cell organ as such there is no mitochondria no ribosome no endoblasmic etc why is it important first of all they are the mature cells and they are not going to divide so there is no need of nucleus but other cell organ is not also present so since mitochondria is not there the source of energy for RBC it is mainly going to be anaerobic metabolism so that is important since mitochondria is not there but why is it so that there are no cell organ is how does it help RBC well RBC is basically carrying hemoglobin hemoglobin is a very big protein okay and RBC is basically carrying this hemoglobin so basically RBC is a bag of hemoglobin so if these RBC is filled with other cell organelles and there would be very less space for carrying of the hemoglobin so that's how by getting rid of all the organelles RBC is most efficient in carrying the hemoglobin and remember that hemoglobin cannot increase more the percentage the volume the amount of volume which is occupying in the RBC it cannot increase more and on the other hand if hemoglobin formation is impaired then the size of the cell also decreases that's why we get in iron deficiency where hemoglobin synthesis is impaired it is decreased the size of the cell also decreases because there is no need why the size should be more so that leads to micrositic hypochromic anemia so basically RBCs are fully saturated with hemoglobin and when we say fully saturated that means 34 percent of the volume of the RBC is occupied by hemoglobin and that is basically this value is represented as MCHC mean or particular hemoglobin concentration so 34 percent of the volume of RBC is occupied by hemoglobin and if we say weight wise actually hemoglobin is responsible for 90 percent of the dry weight of the RBC now let's move on to little bit more intricacies on a structure of mature red cell now what is any membrane made up of it is made up of lipids proteins and carbohydrates and this kind of diagram you might have seen anywhere right so there is this lipid membrane is there and there are a lot of proteins are there right so this is a integral protein which is basically traversing the membrane integral protein is there on the other hand these are like peripheral proteins they are not passing through the entire membrane like this integral membrane protein integral membrane protein also known as trans membrane protein these are just peripheral proteins present on one leaflet of the membrane so basically like any other membrane RBC membrane also consists of lipid bilayer there is carbohydrate and there are membrane proteins and you see proteins are much more than the lipid and it is true for most of the membranes of the various cells right so membrane proteins it is 52 percent and in this the important ones which we should know is that there are integral membrane proteins or transmembrane proteins which include band 3 protein glycophorin aquaporin right then there are outer peripheral proteins that is lecithin and sphinxomyelin and there is inner peripheral proteins including spectrum and chyrin actin protein 4.1 let's see these in little bit diagrammatic manner so you can understand little bit here you see that this is the inner part okay cytoplasmic part and this is the outer part and these are the membrane and you see this glycophorins these are the transmembrane proteins these are transmembrane proteins and here they are also having carbohydrate moieties attached to them then inner peripheral proteins you see what are the inner peripheral proteins here there is band 4.1 protein and here there is band 4.2 proteins there is chyrin and these proteins are attached intracellularly to cytoskeletal elements and what are these cytoskeletal elements you see tropomycin is there there is actin so this you might have heard the name actin in the skeletal muscle contraction right tropomycin is not the cytoskeletal protein sorry it is actin and these are the actin filaments right so they are kind of holding the cell membrane and attaching them to the inner contents and that is mostly the hemoglobin so these proteins are very important in maintaining the shape of RBCs suppose there is problem in these proteins ankyrin or 4.2 4.1 band protein then the actin will not be able to attach to the membrane of the RBC and there will be change in the shape of the RBC and that happens in a disease known as hereditary spherocytosis so in this defects in the genes that code for certain proteins like spectrum ankyrin so ankyrin is the most common then band 3 protein protein 4.2 and other etrocyte membrane proteins also that will lead to change in the shape of the RBCs and it will change from biconcave to spherical so our RBCs which were like this they will become like this so what will be the problem see we told you the advantages of biconcave shape so once the RBCs become spherical those advantages will be lost they will have very much difficulty in traversing through the capillaries and especially in spleen actually spleen is a graveyard of RBCs so the cells which have aged and become less deformable they cannot pass through the spleenic sinusoids now with the change in shape of the RBCs to spherical there will be too much destruction of RBCs especially in a spleen and what is this basically too much destruction of RBCs is known as destruction of RBCs basically is known as a hemolysis and too much destruction will lead to hemolytic anemia okay and because of hemolysis there will be excess production of bilirubin due to the metabolism of the hemoglobin and ultimately it will lead to jaundice spleen also increases in size so this is the classical triad of hereditary spherocytosis that is hemolytic anemia right jaundice and spleenomegaly so for the treatment of hereditary spherocytosis because too much hemolysis is taking place blood transfusion may be required and depending on the size of the spleen and how much hemolysis is being going on suppose in moderate to severe cases spleenomegaly is also done to prevent excessive hemolysis now let's talk about the functions of RBCs so RBC functions are basically same as that of the function of hemoglobin so RBC actually transports hemoglobin which in turn transports oxygen and carbon dioxide and since hemoglobin is a protein so like most proteins it acts as a buffer also so these are the basically functions of the hemoglobin and since hemoglobin is enclosed in RBCs these are the functions of the RBCs then RBCs also transport nitric oxide in blood so that is a novel function which you should remember but you see we are telling that mainly the function of RBC is to carry hemoglobin and hemoglobin is a protein so my question is that why hemoglobin is not directly present in circulation then also it can do its job isn't it what is the need that hemoglobin should be carried in RBC well if hemoglobin is present only in blood then it is such a large protein that there will be increase in blood viscosity and osmotic pressure so it is going to increase the resistance through the flow and there will be too much increase in the blood pressure so it is better to be carried within a cell second it also prevents leakage through the capillary membrane into the tissue spaces or through the glomerular membrane of the kidney each time the blood passes through the capillaries so this hemoglobin can actually filter in the kidney and it happens when excessive hemolysis occurs and hemoglobin is present in the circulation there is a protein known as hemopexin okay so this hemoglobin binds with hemopexin so this prevents the leakage of hemoglobin into the circulation but when there is too much hemoglobin then this hemopexin gets used up right then this hemoglobin is free in the circulation in that case it starts appearing in the tubules


Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Let me welcome you here to the United States Institute of Peace. My name is Bill Taylor. I am the Acting Executive Vice President of the Institute of Peace of USIP and I'm very pleased to have you as well as the President and joining us here today. This is a great honor for us. USIP, of course, is a congressionally created and funded organization that's devoted to preventing, mitigating, and resolving conflict around the world, and we do this both here with events like this, but as importantly in the field, across the conflict zones. We are very pleased to welcome former President Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo to an elder statesman who has spent most of his career on the front line of African politics. President Obasanjo has made significant contributions to democratic development and leadership in his home country and across the continent as a pivotal figure in the African Union. He joins us today just weeks after Nigeria's historic election where for the first time the opposition candidate won against an incumbent president. Those elections were inarguably a milestone for Nigerian and African democracy. Open new prospects for Africa's demographic and economic giant to strengthen governance, reverse the spread of Boko Haram insurgency. In Nigeria, USIP is working with key leaders in government, civil society, and academia to confront these governance challenges through sustained education, grants, training, resources to those working for peace in the country. President Obasanjo's remarks today on reframing Africa's leadership challenges are timely as other African nations will face elections this year while many others are struggling with leadership challenges. To join this conversation and send your questions please use the Twitter hashtag ObasanjoUSIP. Introducing our guest is Ambassador Princeton Lyman, Senior Advisor to the President of USIP. Ambassador Lyman has a distinguished career in the US government including assignments as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs and US Ambassador to Nigeria and South Africa. He also served as the US Special Envoy for Sudan and South Sudan from 2011 to 2013. Then please welcome Ambassador Lyman and the President of Nigeria. Ambassador Lyman. Thank you very much Bill and thanks to everyone for being here. We are absolutely delighted to have addressing us today President Obasanjo. Following his remarks we're going to have a conversation and then we're going to open it up to questions that are coming in from all of you. As Bill said it's very timely that President Obasanjo is with us dressed after this very historic election in Nigeria and there was no stronger voice during the run up to the election for a successful, a peaceful and a just election than President Obasanjo. President Obasanjo began his career as a military officer and he played a major role in bringing to a close the Civil War, the Biafra Civil War. As a military head of state in 1979 he returned Nigeria to democratic elected government. When military rule took over again he became an outspoken advocate for democracy and good governance not only in Nigeria but across the continent. He paid a price. He was imprisoned for his opposition to the rule of General Sani Abacha during the very dark period in Nigeria's history. But it was fitting then in 1999 when democratic government was again restored he was elected president of Nigeria. During his two terms as president he instituted a number of economic reforms. He brought Nigeria into the extractive industries transparency initiative EITI and he won international support for a debt relief package that lifted a 30 billion dollar debt off of Nigeria's shoulders. As a diplomat he reached agreement with all of Nigeria's neighbors on the difficult maritime border issues that opened up for all the countries of West Africa the opportunity to benefit from the rich oil and gas reserves offshore. He settled a long standing dispute with Cameroon by signing an agreement on the Bocasa peninsula and he began to help bring an end to the wars in Sierra Leone and Liberia and he negotiated an end to crises in Togo and Soutoma and Principe. On a broader scale he led in the creation of the Africa Union in 2000. The successor organizations to the organization of African unity. Two very important principles were established in the Africa Union. One was that it would not seat any government that came to power through unconstitutional means. That placed the AU firmly behind the democratic trend sweeping across Africa. And second with the establishment of the AU peace and security council the AU took on responsibility for resolving conflicts in Africa deploying peacekeepers and mediators often well ahead of the United Nations. Following his presidency President Obasanjo has served as a UN and an AU envoy on behalf of peace and reconciliation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Zimbabwe and most recently in South Sudan where he led a commission on human rights violations and the means to peace and reconciliation. I came to know President Obasanjo when I was ambassador to Nigeria in the 1980s. I would often drive up to his farm at Ota. He said he didn't have a telephone I didn't believe him but actually it was a good excuse to drive up to the farm and it was an atmosphere that was very conducive for candid and frank talk. We talked about a lot of things but most of all he was then engaged he was not in office at that time he was engaged already then in trying to bring an end to the wars in Angola and into Sudan. I met with him in Nairobi many years later when he was seeking the same for Somalia. He has never stopped he has never stopped seeking peace wherever there is conflict and suffering. So it's an honor and pleasure for me and for the US Institute of Peace to bring to you and introduce to you one of the world's leading statesmen President Olusiakan Obasanjo. President thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen it's a good morning to you all and let me start by saying it is a great pleasure for me to be here and I thank all of you for taking time off your busy schedule to join us this morning. I would like to begin by asking a simple question. What is Africa's most valuable resource? Natural resources and commodities such as crude oil, diamond, cocoa or even gold? In my own opinion the most valuable resource Africa has ever had and known and indeed will ever know is its people. The citizenry without question is the lifeblood of Africa's sovereign nations. A simple of this claim is the gist of it is often overlooked in important analyses. The opportunity that in here in Africa's wealth in human resources are the backdrop for my observations this morning. This is more so in the light of the transformative role of the populace in Nigeria's recent historic presidential election which Ambatal Haiman referred to in his introduction. The underlying premise for my talk is that we can learn our way out of the contemporary crises of state that appear to be a common place in Africa. In my view the paramount task before us is figuring out how best to institutionalize effective structures and processes to set up constructive dialogues and descend with Africa's challenges and opportunities. My conviction about this is strengthened by credible studies. We show that leadership can indeed be taught. I am visiting today under the auspices of the leadership enterprise for African development the acronym of which interestingly enough is LEAD. With a vision and slogan which is to let Africa lead. LEAD is a collaborative endeavor that aims to foster learning communities to harness instructive insights from pivotal learning course in Africa's post-independence history to strengthen the capacity for leadership at various levels of the polity and economy. This is with a view to deepening the processes of reform and transformation of the economy and to draw from the gains and setbacks of the architects of Africa's contemporary experience as a bedrock to nurture a successful generation of leaders who are decidedly committed to Africa's self-renewal and self-propulsion. Informed by the understanding that the primary resources for Africa's renewal and propulsion primarily exist within the continent. The idea is to privilege the lessons of Africa's past leadership and governance challenges, words and all, as a lynchpin to help systematically to enrich present practices and future prospects. For a change, let us move away from the melancholic issue of what is wrong with Africa. We have a litany of that. Let us put the searchlight to illuminate what is right with Africa. Without romanticizing or caricaturing the complexities and contradictions thereof. It takes a bit of courage, which is not in short supply for an old soldier of my pedigree, to invite an attempt to contemplate the fundamentals to shift the focus from the litany of Africa's dissenting problems to spur constructive dialogue and dissent about what is right with Africa. This is all the monsoon in an intellectual community, such as the host institute for this forum. Yet, if we are truly committed to invigorating conversations about an African full-cost, Africa-led and Africa-driven framework for substantive self-determination and sustainable development, it is important to rethink and reframe how we situate Africa as a center of inquiry. To illuminate Africa's promise, to energize research innovations and collaborations, we must engage with Africa's past, present, and future as signified by its leadership. The good, the bad, and the ugly, as some may say. Seasoned and objective analysts celebrate this present time as Africa's moment. Beyond polemics, these analysts echo resounding narratives about Africa's widespread awakening and emerging global competitiveness. After discounting for lagging performances, the recurring sentiment is that Africa, with 20 percent of the world's land, 15 percent of its population, and a collective GDP that was forecast to grow at about 5 percent is ripe with growth opportunities. But let me hasten to say that 5 percent growth is not good enough. We must aspire to double-digit and we must do so continually. The slow but steady consolidation of democracy and conducive environment that encourage the organic evolution of the necessary norms, processes, and institutions to advance the development of African solutions for Africa's problems, amplify the prospects for planned integration of indigenous resources to expand the space for Africa's critical self-fashioning and competitiveness. Critics of misguided development policies and practices that are bound in Africa seldom factor into consideration the paradox that Africa travels equally and gender unorthodox forms of resources that could be reframed and harvested as valuable materials in the quest for a viable way forward. Governance reform and capacity-building programs, for example, are apt to look everywhere but within specific African sites to mobilize the thrust of remedial resources. It is not typical for such initiatives to rigorously engage the architects of some of the inadequacies that they seek to redress as stakeholders in the remediation process. In the United States, for instance, organized efforts have evolved structures and cultural traditions to ease the twilight apprehensions, capture the post office fascinations, and leverage the dynamic energies of former public servants and high-level officials. In Africa, institutionalized programs barely exist or remain embryonic to win similar executives from power, let alone to inculcate a discipline to socialize them into statesmen deserving of recognition, have potential frontiers to bridge knowledge gaps or pathways to spur breakthroughs in understanding, managing and improving the aptitude for leadership. Let me stress the point I'm trying to make here. For example, especially because of young leaders who entertain fear of too young to retire. We have quite a number of them, from Togo to Democratic Republic of Congo, even to Gabon, where after two terms, some of the leaders are still well under 60, and then in their type of environment, they are apprehensive of giving off power, giving off power to uncertainty, giving off power to what they think may land them in prison, if not in the grave. The fact of the matter remains that even the most inductable of African statesmen have valuable knowledge that could be distilled as an analytic crust to ameliorate Africa's perennial leadership predicaments. Indeed, it is not untenable that the need to sustain cogent reforms features prominently in the calculations of some leaders whose footprints are hamstrung by various controversies. I, for one, took more than a fair share of criticisms for steps that stared Nigeria on its present course, steps which the airbound flow of vicitude may well have accounted for the maturity our democracy and democratization process demonstrated in the recent elections, where the opposition leader displaced the incumbent in our presidential elections. I hope we have time to talk more about this particularly interesting issue during the question and answer session. Often vilified for policies and practices underpinning Africa's downturn, elsewhere leaders are often underappreciated, undervalued, and underutilized, if not ghettoed into oblivion. Nevertheless, there is no denying that their roles at the helm of government distinguish them as knowledge bearers and potential gateways to help cause correct in the best interest of all. Let us consider for a moment the possibilities that could result if enabling conditions were cultivated for African leaders to routinely pay back after formally exiting from office by substantively examining and substantially engaging and constructive endeavors to verify feasible ways and means to advance Africa's self-determination and self-propulsion. What if African states persons made a coordinated effort, measured against concrete benchmarks to strategically learn from their own scorecards to help implement homegrown solutions for leadership, governance, and succession in government business and civil society sectors? What if African leaders methodically reflected and drew upon their steep learning curves as fodder to help inform blueprints with which to advance the consolidation of equitable democratic transitions among other priorities? In the interest of time, I will leave you with these questions as food for thought. In the same vein, it is also important to underscore that former political office is hardly the only way to add value in age-stratified African societies with rich tradition for consultation with elders, peer-review mechanisms, and intergenerational synergies. With adequate attention, these traditions could help to elucidate enriching lessons from harsh realities, promote cardinal values as hallmarks for public service accountability, and incubate enabling conditions to inspire the next generation to cultivate the courage, ethos, and discipline for self-transcendent leadership. In the final analysis, it warrants emphasis that ethical leadership can be both a learning experience and a practice in the art of self-transcendency. With the advantage of hindsight, my commitment to this model of leadership helped me to appreciate the importance of formalizing a structure to institutionalize the memory of my service for posterity. Within the framework of the Ulysses-Goumba-Saint-Georges Presidential Library, we aspire not just to pay tribute to the past, but to leverage our goodwill, convening power and other assets to facilitate the constructive dialogue about how best to add value to a spectrum of undertakings which seek to evolve a homegrown architecture to help, and I quote, to help fire the imagination of young African leaders as Nigeria's first president, Dr. Nandia Zikwe once observed. A flagship initiative of the Ulysses-Goumba-Saint-Georges Presidential Library is the Center for Human Security, the Intellectual Empower House of the Library, which is the anchor for our strategic partnership with LEED. We eagerly welcome your feedback on these preliminary thoughts with particular emphasis on what is right. And the lessons thereof for our collective and indeed individual self-determination. Thank you very much. I'll stop here, and then I'll be ready for comments and questions. Thank you very much. Thank you so much, Mr. President. And if I can... I just want to take my glass of water. Yeah, yeah. I thought you were leaving here. No, I never leave a friend in the lodge. Thank you. If I can follow up on some of the very, very valuable ideas you were putting forward on developing leadership. But let me ask you, what are the institutions in Africa through which you can build the kind of leadership among the young for the future? For example, are political parties important? Are political parties functioning now to develop that kind of leadership? Or should that come from within government or should it come from business? If you wanted to shape the kind of leadership you're talking about, what are the institutions through which they can be built? Well, let me take Nigeria, which I know very much. If you put it in the hands of government, the government that has the vision, the understanding, and believing the objective that sets it up, there may be no continuity. Another government may come tomorrow and kill it, or not support it sufficiently for it to serve the purpose for which it is meant to serve. I will want to see it private domain, but will support if necessary by government that believes in it. But definitely, and we are coming to that now, we are having people in the private sector that have made money and can support that type of institution that I'm talking about or that I've just talked about. Even friends from outside Africa who see these as a way of strengthening governance or strengthening leadership of having institutions in Africa that can withstand what I call the vicitudes of governance and government. This will be the way I will put it. We have, I think, a few things that have been coming out of Africa with Shizano, we set up something called Africa Leadership Forum. The problem is that it doesn't have money. The other day he said he wanted to call a meeting and because there was no money, the meeting was not called. And yet it was a very important meeting. We, along the West Africa coast, we are looking at a possibility. John Kufo has raised such an issue with me and we are looking at consulting with our brothers in the Francophone and Lucophone countries. We can see whether we cannot do something, whatever we call it. And we are thinking, in the West African case, we are not going to limit it to former president or heirs of government alone. There are other leaders within our own region who are still useful. We have seen service in the international arena. We have the lack of Kufianan. We have the lack of Anyoku, the Secretary General of the Commonwealth. And we have people like that. Now can we bring them into this type of institution where their services, their experience and of course if experience can give you a bit of wisdom, their wisdom can be made yourself. Is there a role here for the African Union to make use of that wisdom and experience? Does the union do that or does it just do it ad hoc occasionally but not in a systematic way? Well, the African Union has something they call, I've forgotten, something of, I think they call it, something wisdom. Does anybody remember how they call it? Well, it's part of the Peace and Security Council where they have some African leaders airmarked to go out whenever there is crisis to go and doubts the crisis. And they refuse this. They also of course have made use of some, for instance, Tabumbeki is still the one handling CPA and after CPA in South Sudan and Sudan. I have just completed the work as chairman of AU Commission of Inquiry on South Sudan. President Boyoya is handling something in Mali and I know it's on that. I think John Kufo is also handling something somewhere. You make use of us and the Council of the Wise, yes, now. What AU has in the Council of the Wise. That sounds good.  Can I turn your attention to an area that has been of growing concern? You know, we used to focus so much on African development issues and governance issues, etc. Now there is a real security concern internationally. A spillover from problems in North Africa into the Sahel, growth of extreme groups and then in Nigeria, Boko Haram. How do you see that area of the Sahel and the kinds of responses? There has been, you know, the French have come in and others to help on the military side. This was an area that there was at one time a fair amount of investment in development, but it doesn't seem to have translated into the kind of long-term stability. I wonder what your thoughts on that particular region and how the international community needs to deal with it. I think that strip of the Sahel, if you like, from the tip of Senegal to Djibouti, is an area that almost without exception is now invested with one form of agitation or the other. But in some cases it's much more than agitation. I think the point that must be made and must be made strongly is that where governance is faulty, particularly where a group in a country either correctly or erroneously that they are being persecuted, they are being marginalized, that they are not being included and made to have a stake in the country at all level. There's no popular, what I call popular participation at all level, political, economic or social. And the government does not pay heed to this. I think what you will get in the end is agitation which may develop into violence, which may develop into terrorism. In the case of the Sahel, I believe that is partly the situation in Mali. I believe that is partly the situation in Nigeria. I believe that if you look at even Somalia very closely, that element will be there. So I believe the antidote to these things, agitation, violence, terrorism, internal, I'm not taking it to international terrorism yet, whether I will come to that. I believe the answer really is to what I call a stitch in time to save nine. Then of course we are not living in isolation. What happened in Mali, which was waiting to happen, was encouraged and assisted by what happened in Libya. Where there was free flow of arms and people who are trained in the use of arms and wondering where they will go and they found where to go in Mali. Some of those who came to Nigeria, who are menacing us in Nigeria, who are also product of Libya, trained, some of them trained in Mali, some of them of course trained in Somalia. So the solution first is what I call the software. Where there's need to provide economic and social development for where it is lacking, that must be done at all costs. Second, I believe that internally you must have strong enough police, military to deal effectively with what I call the criminal element, those that really have become hardened criminals. Thirdly, there must be sharing of intelligence, bilaterally, multilaterally within the subregion or the countries affected. And there must also be joint multinational task force that will work together. And maybe those task forces should be eventually organized on subregional decisions. For instance, Echo House, Central Africa, Eagard and East Africa, maybe Southern Africa. But we must have real plan of dealing with this. We shouldn't just leave it. I think, let me just say this in person, that a situation in Nigeria where Boko Haram was managing for six years, and Nigeria military and police have to be fleeing into neighboring countries rather than confront and combat Boko Haram is not good enough. It's a shame for those of us who can proudly say that we have been members of the armed forces of Nigeria. Anyway, that's an invitation. But not surprisingly, I have a number of questions about Nigeria. And I'll try and group them a little bit because they relate. One question is how did it succeed? Why did we have, against a lot of worry, a very successful election? But translating that into what you were talking about, about leadership. How now can leadership be organized in Nigeria? Take advantage of this situation to deal with a range of issues. There's Boko Haram, there's the economic challenge of lower oil prices, there's the delta, etc. Is the leadership capability there? Can the new administration tap into it? Is this really the beginning of a new birth of Nigerian greatness? Or are these problems going to drag it down? Let me take the election that we have just heard in Nigeria. I think it proved what I have always believed. We are a country playing a game of moving to the precipices. But I say dangerous because one of these days I hope we will not tip all completely over. But when you look at our history, we found this, even when we were negotiating our independence with the British, that sort of thing. We nearly said we don't want independence, the British can continue. Because at this stage, we have three regions then. At this stage, the East and the West agreed that they will have what we call internal autonomy. They now said it's not ready. And some of our people from the East and the West said, well, if the North is not ready, it's either let the North go and we that are ready, let's join together. But the reason prevailed, the East and the West got internal autonomy in 1957, the North got in 1959, and the whole country got independence in 1960. We managed. Then we had the election in 1964. And in some part, my own part, the Southwest, started burning ourselves alive, started setting houses on fire. I have a friend. The best houses in his village area were burnt.  Now, they had an election. It doesn't matter who won the election or who lost the election. But the best houses in our village had been burnt. Who gains from it? But even that we survived. We had a coup and a coup led to Pokrom. Pokrom led to civil war. Some people thought that Nigeria will never survive from the civil war as one entity. We did. Not only did we do, within nine years of ending that civil war, somebody from the rebel side, as we call them, and they called us on our own side as Vandals. Somebody from the rebel side and somebody from the Vandals side. The Vandals side became president. The rebel side became vice president number two. Within nine years of our civil war ending, not many countries achieved that sort of fate. I give this, well, we went on. And then you had one phenomenon that we were not expecting. We had abacha.  That never shot me up since then. Even if anything, I have opened my mouth more widely. Look at the ridiculous extent that we went. We had five political parties. And all the five political parties nominated and endorsed Abacha as the candidate of election. If Abacha's nuclear family, his wife and children have voted for him, he will have won. No, you are laughing, but this is true. But I always say that God is the most humorous being that has ever existed. God must have been laughing with us, at all of us. Unquietly. Without anybody missing a finger, Abacha slept and never woke up. If anybody had done it for us, he would have held all of us to ransom. That I did it for you. So what do you give me? God did it and he didn't ask for anything from us. And that's why wherever I go, I say God is a Nigerian. I went to Kenya the other day. I went to Kenya the other day and said God is a Nigerian. They were furious. Look, if you say God is a Nigerian, what about Kenya? I say don't worry. God is a Nigerian. Who lives in Nigeria? But he visits Kenya occasionally. But this election was almost in the same sort of category. One month before that election, if anybody had said, well, look, we have a peaceful election. It will go well and it will be reasonably free and fair. Of course, there are some malpractices. But those malpractices, particularly in the presidential election, did not change what the will of the people of Nigeria. So people don't talk much about it. But we got it through. So what do we get from here? Without being immodest, I play a role of being in front of a moving train as a friend of my put it. And he thought one of three things will happen. As the train drew nearer, I would jump out of the front of the train. That's one thing that could happen. If I didn't jump out, I would be crushed. And then the third unlikely, according to him, is that by providence, the train would be partly derailed and stopped. But the providential never stops. So the train was partially derailed and stopped. And I was neither crushed. No, no. Did I jump out? I jumped out. But then God gave us what we desired. I won't say what we wanted because some Nigeria didn't want what God gave us. But God gave us what we desired. Now the point I'm making there is that one, and that is the point you are making, at every stage God must give us in our different countries, in our region and in Africa, leaders that will be imbued with the sufficient courage and will to stand firm when you have to stand firm. That's very important. Secondly, I think we are now building up institutions that can withstand what we may see as danger to good governance in our different countries and in Africa. I believe that what has happened in Nigeria, the Nigeria election, it's good for Nigeria. I've said it has moved Nigeria one very important step. We are building up in our democracy, in our democratic dispensation and process and in our democratic practice. Most countries, at least it's countries since that election, they were as happy as we were in Nigeria. So it's good, not only for Nigeria, it's good for Africa. And I believe it's good for the world. We should have more of it, and we will. One of our questioners, however, would take you to a country that also recently had an election, but it was more like one without opposition and where the opposition boycotted the election and that was Sudan. And this is a country that has war going on, a conflict going on in the southern part and in Darfur. And it's talked about a national dialogue and it hasn't happened. You've just been there. I wonder what your sense of perception is on Sudan and where we were. I was there, sent there by the AU Commission. The AU has set conditions and code and practice of what they call democracy and election observation. Before I was sent as the head of the AU observation mission, AU between 1st of March and 10th of March has sent a pre-observation mission to Sudan. And that's the report of that pre-observation mission. More to say the least, not. So AU then had to decide, should they not send an observation mission? Should they? If they should, how? Eventually the Peace and Security Council of AU met, actually met on the 8th of April. An election was only, I think on the 13th, only five days, and decided that an observation mission should be sent and that I should lead the observation mission. Why me was the question I am waiting to ask when I go to Addis Ababa. But we went. Before I got there, Amnesty International has sent me a letter and a report, which of course, knowing what we know, couldn't be complementary. Also, the report of the AU pre-observation mission was also included in the folder sent to me. Then when I got in, I looked into the situation. And the situation that I found on the ground is put simply. Some significant political parties have decided to boycott the election because of two things. One, they said they wanted the dialogue to precede the election. But the government said the election is a constitutional issue. When election must take place, it must take place. And by the constitution election must take place the time that has been stipulated for it. But the opposition said no. You can ask the National Assembly to defer the election. Or to amend the constitution. Anyway, we never really took side on this. Our job was to look at the election. And we also saw that there was nothing in the constitution or the law of Sudan that says you must vote on the election day. So it's your choice. You can make that choice collectively or individually. So question of boycott, which really should be prevented if possible. You cannot say anybody should not work out. So the election took place. We had 20 members of observation team. And in our report, we mentioned all the things that we thought if they had not been there, we would have enhanced the quality of the election and also enhanced the outcome. The report of Amnesty International, which Amnesty International talks of suppression of rights. And they mentioned them. And we could have them. The report of AUP observation mission, we could have them. We met three parties that boycotted the election, the UMA. I don't know what Turabi's party is called. We met Turabi himself. And a popular congress. Thank you, my dear sister. And another one. And then we met the government party. And at the end, it said, well, look, the outcome of the report will reflect the will of the voters. And mind that, we did not say like we have said with Nigeria that the election reflects the will of the people of Nigeria. Because there was nobody boycotting collectively the election in Nigeria. People who don't want to vote didn't want to vote. And then in Sudan, there was low turnout. It's low. I would say anywhere you get about 40% of registered voters coming out to vote, you can take it as tolerable, you know. But I don't believe we got 35% in Sudan. And this is the position. What happens next though? We also said in our report that that election should not be taken as a means of hindering the dialogue. If anything, it should be used to hasten and move on on the dialogue. Actually, everybody would talk to believe that dialogue should go on. Nobody says because we boycott the election, therefore we will not participate in the dialogue, no. And we make this, when I make the present one to one, I make that point. And the President told me what have been, all the preparations that have been prepared, been made, they have something they call 7 plus 7. That's 7 on the side of government and 7 on the side of opposition who are working on the dialogue. Those that will be nominated in consultation with the opposition have been done. And the impression that the President gave you that election, the dialogue will go on. We asked you about a question that relates to Sudan, but it's been an issue before the EU. And that is the question of accountability, justice and tribunals. As you know, President Bashir has been indicted by the criminal court. President Kenya was, at least for a while, under investigation. The EU has had a mixed view now. Most of the EU members are members of the International Criminal Court. What is your view on the role of justice and accountability and whether it is... When you call on the international tribunals, when do you look to the countries internally? How do you see this playing out in Africa in particular? Is it an obstacle to the dialogue in Sudan, for example? Because President Bashir really doesn't know what his future would be if he stepped down? Or is that an important element of justice and accountability? Well, I was in government in Nigeria when we became a signatory to... What did they call it? Treaty of Rome? Treaty of Rome, which led to ICC. And I believe very much in it. I believe that the EU believed in it. That's why in the new EU constitutive act, there is certainly something against impunity. You cannot say, unlike the OAU, where it says the internal affairs of your country is entirely yours and you can do whatever you like with it. Nobody can interfere. EU believes in intervention. Believes that you should not treat your citizens who are Africans with impunity. EU believes in good governance and all that. So I believe that what EU believes in and was doing was right. But unfortunately, the situation started being looked at as if it's deliberately weighted against Africa. We have nobody worried about those from Rwanda or elsewhere. When we had Charles Taylor, we had Babu, we had Kenyatta, and we had Arbashia. And people were saying, well, this is almost 10% of African leaders. And then where will it stop? And I believe to some extent they are right. But whether the action they have taken, the way they should go, I don't know. Especially when countries, without due respect, who are not signatory to that treaty are now the one telling us that we should face what they are not going to face. That's not fair. That's not fair. But what should we do? What we do, we have had going on in Senegal, the case of Issun Harpre. And I went to President Makisal when I was looking into all other things. But how is this done? And he said it was a national law that was adapted to be able to deal with this. And people have said that why can't Africa have its own ICC. And we say, why not? What people will say is that if it's being handled by Africa, will it be fair? Will they have trust in it? We have that when we were setting up NEPAD and we said we will go for APRM, Africa PR review mechanism. People said, well, anything done by Africa, they will not have, they will not command credibility of the world. And I said to her with it. We want to be able to deal with our own thing and be credible among ourselves. If the world want to go with us, oh, well, I'm good. Let us do it the way that we are satisfied and we can defend it before God a man. If the world want to go and defend their own before Satan, good luck to them. So these things of getting ourselves moved away from what I believe should be right, we should stop it and we should look. Yes, no African leader should get away with murder and whatever it takes, we should make him. And as I always say, no African country, not even Nigeria, can live in isolation. If the rest of Africa say you will not have it, we will not have it. And if that is the case, there's no reason why we cannot have our own system that will bring our leaders to book if they have heard. Mr. President, we only have a few minutes left and we've talked about a lot of issues and problems, but I want to come back and some of our questionnaires have asked. You've talked about good governance and leadership and I wonder if you, because you travel around the continent and you know the continent so well, if you see and give us very specific examples where you see this progress in governance that is taking place and one can see because it's easier to talk about the problems. I will mention too. Rwanda and Ethiopia, if you don't agree with me, don't put up your hand. You know, you're raising a very good question because they are both very well-governed in some ways but they also have very serious problems. There's no perfect. There's no perfect. Look, there's no perfect. But when you look at them, what do you want? I want the welfare well-being. I want moving my country forward. Reasonably, without corruption and waste of resources, I want a government that I can feel, look, it will protect me. I want peace, reasonable peace and security. And I want economic and social progress. And these countries have, maybe you will say some of them or one of them is a little bit high standard. Well, giving good governance is not a picnic. We want to go to picnic by the seaside. Doesn't governance also mean democracy and human rights and freedom of the press? Yeah, well, I think these two that we have mentioned, they are reasonably democratic. They are reasonably open in terms of freedom of the press, reasonably. And human rights, I believe there's a case now in Rwanda which of course I'm also talking to the president of Rwanda about and it's not advanced to being talked to about it. But this is my own opinion. You may not agree with me, but give me a country that is moving forward and reasonably, and if there are little things that need to be corrected, called the leadership to correction, get it. Let me ask my last question. What do you think the next steps should be in U.S. policy in Africa? Oh, on a lighter note, on a lighter note. Since right now, Princeton, I have no job. I'm unemployed and unemployed. Would you like to be the American? Listen, if President Obama wants to employ me as a consultant, get me from here to the White House after we have negotiated the price. Now, but I will say, and I think most African countries will say the same, I was saying that I met the Nigerian president-elect only four days ago before I came here. And after we have talked for a while, I said to him, I'm going to the U.S. People will be asking me a question. What do you expect me to say? And he said, for me, thank the Americans for the support that we have had and tell them we want more. Tell them also that we want them to encourage corporate America to invest in Nigeria. I believe most, you can say that for most African countries. I believe you can. Most African countries have had relationship with this country even before independence and we cherish our friends. This is one country we can come and feel free to talk. You have these institutions and institutes, which, of course, is good for you and we are trying to emulate. Where we go wrong, you see, we have a saying in my part of the world that we are two brothers or two friends going to the room and talk to themselves and come out frowning their faces. They have talked truth to themselves. We will want America to talk truth to us and for us to be able to talk truth to America. We have a long way to go, but let's take the issue of democracy. For me, democracy is a journey, not a destination. And depending on when you started and how you started and where you started, some people are quite far on the journey. Some are not so far. But if you have started early and you are quite some distance, now when you see us behind, don't condemn us for being behind. Understand why we are behind and help us and help us. Now the greatest obstacle to democracy is poverty. The greatest obstacle to democracy is poverty. If America will help us in the path of democracy, America must help us on the path of elimination of poverty. I think it's very important. I have always maintained and I will say it again that there's a lot that we emulate from this country. Our own constitution, for whatever reason, is modeled on the constitution of this country, except that you do not have something we call spread. You must have 25% of the votes cast in two-thirds of the states. But you also have something you call, what would you call it? Electoral College, which is always difficult for outsiders to understand. And we're taking that as your system, so that even if somebody has majority of the votes, he can still not be the winner because of Electoral College because that's your democracy. We don't criticize it. I mean that. I couldn't understand it. Somebody was trying to explain to me and said, look, it's my ignorance. Now quite honestly, I believe that the areas where we need to do a lot better than we are doing, I will be there. But we cherish our friendship. We love it. We want to maintain it. We want to strengthen it. It went somebody from America then asked me, hey, how are you doing with your new colonialists? Our new... Who are they? I say China. I say what? I say look, China has huge amount of American treachery bill which they bought and if they unload it today, I don't know what will be the fate of the dollar. We do not say that China is your new colonial power. Sorry. Because they have so much of your treachery bills. I think we should understand this. Well, I thank this country when I was president. I wanted to get a debt relief. You refer to it. We were in this country about $1 billion. When Britain decided to lead, America followed. That's one time I saw America following. That's in all honesty. You can see wherever you go here you see Africans. I go to China. I don't see Africans anywhere near. Anywhere near, not even 100th of the way I see Africans. So there's a lot that join us and we should cherish and strengthen those fabrics that join us together. Thank you very much.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with 2022 tops gypsy queen baseball five box Random team break number six second half of that case. We popped open yesterday one spot gets you three teams So let's triple you up and all 30 teams are in let's roll it randomize names and teams six and a five eleven times one Two and eleven the final time After eleven we got Barry down to Kevin six and a five eleven times for the teams one two nine Ten and eleven then final time after eleven we got the ends Down the Orioles. So here's how it shakes out All right, Barry you got the Mariners Levi with the Astros Charles with the Tigers Nick with the Reds in the Nats Barry with the Giants and Levi with my Dodgers Matthew with the Guardians Levi with the Diamondbacks Nick with the Braves Charles with the A's Kevin with the Brew Crew Kenneth with the Padres Kevin with the Angels Nick with The Cubs John with the Royals and Blue Jays Barry with the Red Sox Matthew with the Cardinals John with the Rockies Nick with the Marlins Kenneth with the Rangers Charles you got the Phillies Levi with the Yankees and twins Kenneth with the Mets Nick with the White Sox Levi With the Rays Matthew with the Pirates and Kevin with the Baltimore Orioles Let's sort by column B by team And we're gonna pause the video and allow Have a little trade window We'll open up a little trade window and now when we come back We'll see if there's any trades and then we'll have the break. We'll see on the other side All right, welcome back everybody No deals were done here on Monday the 23rd Random team break number six second half of the case we popped open not too long ago I think last night actually and Another half case break is loaded up if you want to jump back into a little gypsy queen at baseball That may need some more top loaders here appreciate everybody Everybody getting into the action remember I Put those blue X's over the GQ symbol So we know they're all from the same case What are we looking for two on-card autos per box on average? I'm sure and then All sorts of different fun numbered cards and whatnot Thanks everybody for the fill and see what's going on in the world of baseball As I open up these packs twins beat the Tigers 5-4 Tyler Anderson had Thrown for my Dodgers throwing a No hit ball through like six or seven innings gave up only one hit in The in the eighth I think Dodgers beat the Nationals 10-1 They're gonna see their old prospect Josiah Gray not old. He's young But their former prospect Josiah Gray tomorrow got Josiah Gray in my fantasy team I'm conflicted. I say I want him to pitch 6-7 strong innings and then the Dodgers winning then finally scoring runs late in the game after he's out Orioles beating Yankees 6-4 But judge clobbers homers number 16 and 17 of the season. You got to love that The guy rejects an extension from the Yankees essentially betting on himself and then Has 17 home runs already? in a You know in late May so good on Aaron Judd Price tag goes up every every Homer he hits. We'll check it on the other games in the next box And I think you got we've got some basketball on the background. I think the the Celtics are cruising right now They're up 182 with two minutes left in the game switch to something a little more Maybe some hockey abs at Blues Colorado Avalanche at the St. Louis Blues. Maybe this is a more competitive game All right Abs are up 3-1 Beginning of the second period so there's still a lot of games to be played Really like the design of Of gypsy Queen this year. There's our first autograph Believe that's Taylor right T walls Taylor walls That's Levi with the Tampa Bay Rays I'll do an autograph recap along with any low-numbered cards at the end of the break Nice wander Franco chrome and a O'Neill cruise die cut and Levi once again with the Rays wander Franco having a great season thus far and I think I read somewhere that He may be hitting this well been a little banged up Keep Ryan Hayes and that's a variation obviously Black and white Colton Welker 26 out of 50 Different parallel there's Aaron judge hitting real well Jonathan India to 99 Leo de Tavares to 199 That wander with numbered right no, so that's for the Rangers that's gonna go to Kenneth and the Jonathan India You can kind of see a slightly different color on the on the border That's for Nic Coba and the Red Legs Still haven't seen our second auto yet somewhere in here Brandon Nemo to 399 That's for Kenneth Ken getting the Brandon finding Nemo Matt Manning. We got Jesus Aguilar to 99 for the fish Nic Coba and there's the auto Trey Auburn gay Ron Cincinnati Nic Coba Ron Cincinnati, right next box box two of five all right Cubs beat the Reds seven to four And I guess Ian have hit a 401 foot homer Into the right field bleachers Pirates edged out the Rockies in Pittsburgh two to one could Brian Hayes Opposite field RBI double The end of the fourth inning Mets are leading the Giants five to two Some games in progress. A's Mariners are tied at the bottom of the bottom of the fourth in Seattle 3-3 Top of the fourth in San Diego Brewers up to nothing Brewers got the bases loaded with one out Royals and Diamondbacks are tied in the desert In Arizona five to five and at the end of the eighth Guardians leading the Astros 6-1 and in the 10th bottom of the 10th Runners on the corners with two outs left two outs Two outs left with one out left With two outs blue jays cardinals are tied at three bird bird team bird on bird crime tied at three Two outs in the bottom of the 10th runners on first and third for the cardinals Real time got a little tidbit first. I wouldn't have thought flag row jr would have a 0.9 war Wins above replacement and Dalton Varshow is at 1.7 War at this moment That is kind of crazy Yeah, dimebacks actually have a A good crop of youngsters coming up the ranks. They're they're a little uh, a little raw, but Good crop of prospects that we've been seeing a lot of products over the years There's jaren diran diran to 199 hungry like the wolf Oh, and an o'neill cruise autograph redemption poppin Surprising me here. Matthew with the pirates And jaren diran diran will go to berry and the red sox Let's say some of these wonder fronkos joey bark Ian Anderson 377 out of 399 It's for the braves that'll be for nick christian yellich to 50 That's for the brew crew. That'll be for kevin Here's a wander franco gq gem insert or mini It's for levi and the rays Lucas gilito to 150 It's for the white sox. That'll be for nick and our second auto Connor siebold. Yeah Connor siebold see siebold Nice rookie auto for berry and boston. All right next box On blue jays now the base is loaded in the bottom of the 10th Check that cardinals have the bases loaded in the bottom of the 10th not the plate And wow a hanging slider paul goldschmidt launches one 366 feet to left field Walk off grand slam Wonder if mlb network has this play Game is getting a little away from the blues. We'll check back on that a little bit later. There it is mlb network Man, we got louis patino Another ray for levi There's randrew ben intendee Playing well this year See gold. This is the slider that ryan randy buruki is gonna hang Just golfs it right into the first row Walk off grainy. It is paul goldschmidt. I know vet commons don't ship in this But i'm gonna send one of these off to matthew Because why not just hit a grand slam Got some gold coming up It is hoy park 11 out of 50 for uh, that's also for math math you and the pirates A little green coming up here. What do we got? Yeah, that's raul mondes at a bellachio mondes. See that is 173 out of 199 Oh, you're watching it live nice matt moldy kind of kind of underrated He shouldn't be underrated, but I feel like he is kanner hawk 399 Real-time saying bobby with jr. Just took zack davies out With 105 mile power shot to the shin and ankle He's having a big year matt saying paul goldschmidt He usually has a slow start but not this year There's aeronola and there's dalton varshow. He's also playing well this year 33 out of 99 There's our second autograph And that is yoel pozo for the rangers It's gonna go to kenneth in the rangers Levi has the uh diamondbacks All right next box. I met paul goldschmidt very briefly. We were uh, Jaspie's team some of us were at in arizona maybe This is before goldschmidt went to the cardinals um He was still with the diamondbacks and tops had an event their tops conference Scott's Dale, I want to say it was And uh, there was like an outing that they that they did for us. This was a lot of fun. We got to go to the uh I think the diamondbacks and The rockies. I think share spring training facilities, but we were there And uh, we got to hit in the batting cages, which is really cool I did not embarrass the jaspie team in front of our In front of our peers in the industry Tags some nice hits. I think it was going like I think it was very I think it was maybe like 60 miles per hour, but um But yeah, got got some cuts in On a professional uh in a professional baseball batting cage and then the special guest was paul goldschmidt who was signing some autographs for about a hundred people or so and uh Really nice dude and just kind of said hi to everybody and you know It seemed like he was Happy to be there. You know a lot of times it's hit or miss with players, right? These events some people are just like I want to get in Sign get out, but you know kind of took 30 seconds with everybody to say hello take pictures and whatnot Just a really really nice dude Yeah, super humble guy, you know like you know and It seemed like really chilled at this event and it was cold. It was I think it was in january, so it's still pretty cold in the in arizona So it was cold outside and You know that No, he was he was really nice about it. It seemed seemed like a really good dude Gilo says don't me to brag when you're playing pj2k You pulled the Justin Thomas to win the waste management in phoenix open after being down six strokes What level are you playing at gilo? wait till you click the settings to like i'm on amateur and uh I'm on amateur and the opponent setting like normal or something like that And pj2k it gets really hard and you got to have the swing timing on If the down swing timer isn't on it gets it's it gets pretty easy. All right. I got a brady singer For the royals, that's gilo's team. This goes to john got randomized can city jaren duran duran All right next little stack brady singer make it a comeback nice Dust off your brady singers gilo says Matt said you're only spring training stories when you were like 16 met marquise grissom and dillino de shields meaning met meaning You yelled at them through the fence I feel like access has gotten a lot a lot better over the years Dillino de shields remember when the Dodgers traded Pedro Martinez to the expo's for dillino de shields Too small they said There's a dofl castor of the no-name variation For the pirates that's from matthew Pedro martinez too short too skinny Won't it won't be able to withstand the the rigors of of an lb season He's smaller than his brother ramon martinez Who the Dodgers also had had a 250 andrew ben intended Yeah, they thought ramon was better at the time he was but Remember when they traded when the member of the Dodgers traded uh Traded paul canerco To the reds for closer jeff shaw i want to say And we've got no-name variation autograph that looks like brandon crofford, right? That'll be for the giants barry roberts And my rivals the giants Well jeff they did need a closer at the time i think They did need a closer at the time and he did Shut down a lot of games, but paul canerco did did go on to hit to hit a bunch of home runs. How many did he end up with? Ended up hitting 439 home runs Yeah, canerco paul canerco was pretty underrated And i think since then i was like late 90s. Yeah, i think since then they they daughter spent like another five three to three to five seasons the five to seven seasons or something that that looking for Looking for a steady first baseman I think they thought james remember james loney was going to be that guy I think yeah, they had drafted james loney in the first round In 2002 So he was coming up the system Canerco ended up getting traded Oh, actually he was drafted after he was traded. They've been looking for a first baseman since But i think they had they didn't get one until Adrian gonzalez trade maybe Last stack of this final box Final box. Thanks everybody Trevor story starting to heat up a little bit. It's good for the red socks some wander franco rookie card Yeah, this is a lot of base gypsy queen Pretty pretty base heavy There's justin upton to 250 for the halos. That's going to go to kevin And there's jim abbott Nice Old school jim abbott and watch watch some youtube videos of him like pitching and switching gloves To his other hint. It's great 39 out of 99 What's jim abbott doing these days? He currently works as a motivational speaker. That makes sense His son has cards now the kenzie gore the next commercial this tyler sievenson for the reds to 3.99 Andrew abbott Yeah, he's picked up by the reds. All right, and the final stack Good luck everybody joe vato to 150 for the reds And our last autograph Is for the metropolitans for kenneth That is patrick Mazzica, no name christian yellich And there you go ladies and gentlemen, we did it. That was 2022 tops gypsy queen baseball five box random team break number six One spot gets you three teams And we've got another half case break in the store right now jaspyscasebreaks.com and that half case is from a fresh case So there you have it. I'm joe. I'll see you next time for the next baseball break. Bye. Bye


Last time we started the study of relative homotopy groups, see three different definitions of it and then we established one of the fundamental results namely homotopy exact sequence of a topological pair. So today we shall give you one very important application of that namely the homotopy sequence exact sequence of a fibration. So recall that by fibration we mean a map between topological spaces, it is customary to denote such a map by p from e to b, e is a total space, b is the base space which has a homotopy lifting property with respect to every space. The homotopy lifting property I am just recalling means given a data here namely a homotopy from say x cross i to b into the base space and a lift of this map from x cross 0, on the x cross 0 is the initial stage there must be a lift of this to e, lift means what? A map g such that p composite g is f restricted to x cross 0, so this eta is the inclusion map here x, x comma 0 going to x comma 0. So think of this as a copy of x, here you have a function g, p composite g is the initial value of f, then the conclusion is that there is a map g, capital G such that p composite g is little f, g restricted to x cross 0 is little g, so that is the homotopy lifting property. If this is true for every space x and every map f from x cross i to f then p is called a fibration. So the proposition is that any fibration p from e, f, e naught, b, b naught, b naught induces isomorphism of homotopy groups. What is f here? f is again customary to denote the inverse image of the singleton point b which is a base point under p. So this is our basic result used in the fibration. Using this result we will get a very useful statement when we combine it with a homotopy exact sequence of the pair. So let us first prove this statement. So there are two parts here. One is that p is surjective and the other one is p is injective. To prove that p is surjective let us use the definition 6 namely the simplest definition for the homotopy groups. At the homotopy groups we want to show that p is surjective. So start with an element alpha represented by some map alpha of pi n of b b naught. The element alpha is represented by a map alpha from i n boundary of i n to b b naught which means it continues function from i n to b taking the entire of the boundary to a single point. So this is the simplest definition of the fundamental of the nth homotopy group. Now you can think of this alpha as a homotopy on x equal to i n minus 1. So take this as f in this picture here and then we will try to apply this homotopy lifting property. You must have a map from i n minus 1 to e but that is very easy here because this particular f namely alpha take the entire of the boundary to a single point. So I can take i n minus 1 cross 0 which is x cross 0 which is a part of the boundary go to the single point here e naught then p of that would be p naught here. So that diagram this diagram will be commutative therefore I can apply to that situation and get a map capital G here that is the first conclusion that we get ok. So taking x is i n minus 1 and thinking alpha as a homotopy and G as x cross 0 to be the constant map at e naught apply homotopy lifting property to get a G such that the diagram fits. So that means what G of i n minus 1 cross 0 which is little G of i n minus 1 cross 0 because it is a restriction map that is e naught by our choice and p of G is alpha is the definition of G that is how the lift means where p of G is the given alpha and on the boundary it is single point. If p of the whole thing is a single point that means this entire thing is contained in the fiber f G of boundary of i n is content fiber therefore G represent an element of pi n of E f e naught that is the definition that we are using definition 6 is here ok pi n of E f e naught represented by a map from i n to E such that boundary of i n goes into f and of course the base point is going to e naught and p check of G is alpha ok that is how we have taken p composite G is alpha so p check of G this proves the we had p check is surject. Now we have to prove the injectivity what is the meaning of injectivity start with an element alpha now in pi n of E f e naught ok this time and a relative homotopy of this alpha to a single point ok when you pass on to the base base B so H is a homotopy H is i n cross boundary of i n cross i to B B naught inside B such that this H restricted to i n cross 0 is p of alpha and H is i n cross 1 is B naught it just means that p composite alpha is null homotopy in B so in pi n of E B it is trivial element I want to show that it is alpha is a trivial element in pi n of E f itself right so that means we have to find a base point preserving the relative homotopy here namely i n boundary of pi n o to E comma f comma E naught ok such that H restricted to i n cross 0 is alpha and H restricted to i n cross 1 is E naught ok so this is what we have to find here we have taken this whole to be 0 0 0 belong to i n ok as a base point for i n it is clear that if we apply homotopy lifting property of p to H directly resulting lift will not specify this requirement namely the base point or the base point the all the time it has to go to the same base point E naught that will not be guaranteed because all that we get is p composite the lift is equal to alpha so it will say it is in the capital F that is all it should be actually just a single point in all that will not happen namely this 0 cross i will not be mapped to a single point so that is a important point here so in order to overcome that we have to work a little harder the key is demanding that H satisfies even more stringent conditions and then appeal to a trade ok we just try to control this H only on O cross i that seems to be more difficult so ask it to be you know more stringent so what is that let me tell you so first have a notation A to be one of the phases of i n plus 1 namely one cross i n then A is an n phase of i n plus 1 that W be the union of all other n phases of i n plus 1 ok note that this W contains i n cross 0 comma 1 i n cross 0 is one of the phases i n cross 1 is another phases ok in particular many other so these two phases are there in W ok as well as the singleton 0 this O O O cross i this will be also there so if I control the map on W automatically this will be controlled in any case I have to control it on i n cross 0 and i n cross 1 on i n cross 0 I have to take it as alpha on i n cross 1 I have to take it as a constant function E naught right and here also I want it to be a constant function E naught so can I do this one is a question so we shall demand that in addition to 8 8 is these two conditions are already there we want H satisfied condition that H of A prime is E naught where A prime is all the n phases A prime other than this i n cross 0 i n cross 1 and 1 cross i n of course is not there ok so that is what W consists of to if you just do not take A and take all other phases W but or i n cross 0 i n cross 1 they are also there so there you take the condition 8 ok and the rest of them you take all of them to a single point in other words on W everything is single point except on i n cross 0 it is alpha so can we get such an H is the question of A so where to use this one homotopy lifting property directly does not give you that so we have to appeal a trick okay so what is that trick I will take now okay define lambda from W to E by taking lambda of i n cross 0 is alpha i n cross n is E naught for all lambda A prime go to E naught for all other phases A prime so that is what I want H to be like that so on W I take this lambda then H is going to be lambda on this one we have to find H on i n plus 1 such that H restricted W is lambda and P composite H is capital H since H of the boundary of y n cross i by by the very choice of this homotopy is singleton B naught it will follow that capital H boundary of i n cross i is inside F that is also one of the requirement but that comes freely for us that will come to the proof okay so how to how to apply homotopy lifting property for this W instead of just i n cross 0 that is the trick so we appeal to the fact that there is a homomorphism tau from A to W A is remember A is one cross i i n one of the phases given by the radial projection from the point 2 comma half half half belong to i n plus 1 okay this radial projection is identity map on the common boundary boundary of A and boundary of tau just consists of the boundary of this A that is what it is full boundary of tau also okay on that this radial projection tau will be identity map okay so let us look at how it is caught in case of when n equal to 1 so this is my picture of i cross i here i n cross i everything and this red thing is i n cross 1 and this is 2 comma half of half of and so on from here you project radial projection each point x on i n cross this one cross i n goes to some point in W this blue part is W so why this is the homomorphism why the bijection all this is very clear first of all this projection so there is no problem about continuity and so on so take a point here okay i am going to instead of defining tau i am going to define tau inverse now take a point here say why how to determine this point it is very easy take this point take this point the line you can write down the line segment t times this point plus 1 minus t times that point that should have the first coordinate 1 so that is 1 cross i n put that condition immediately it gives you a unique solution this is all this is just a linear algebra okay you can write down the formula for tau inverse so that will complete the the claim that this is a homomorphism obviously when you take the boundary point here or here okay namely 1 cross boundary of i n is the boundary of this one okay so there it is in the projection you see at that point itself it coincides with the point of W okay so it is identity tau is identity on the boundary okay so that is my tau here okay which is identity on the common boundary now take phi to be boundary of i n plus 1 to boundary of i n plus 1 such that phi on the W part is tau inverse phi on a part is tau on the intersection its identity so they have to patch up to define a homomorphism phi from boundary of i n to boundary of i n finally take the linear affine linear transformation from r n plus 1 to r n plus 1 which interchanges the first coordinate and n plus 1 coordinate followed by a reflection in the point half so that is by formula t 1 t 2 t n t n plus 1 going to 1 minus t t n plus 1 t 2 t n as it is in the last coordinate is t 1 the first coordinate has come to last coordinate so this is an affine linear isomorphism obviously if t i's are between 0 and 1 that is a definition of i n then 1 minus t n plus 1 to t 2 t n are also between i n plus 1 and conversely so i n plus 1 goes to i n plus 1 and boundary of i n plus 1 goes to boundary of i n plus 1 okay if boundary of i n plus 1 is defined exactly by taking one of the coordinates at least one of the coordinates is equal to either 0 or 1 okay so boundary goes to itself therefore I can take this t from boundary of i n plus 1 to boundary of i n plus 1 and compose it with phi so I get a map from boundary of i n plus 1 to boundary of i n plus 1 which is a homomorphism after that you can extend it to a homomorphism of the i n plus 1 to i n plus 1 by taking the cone construction so this psi hat is the extension of psi to the i n plus 1 to i n plus 1 okay so this homomorphism has the following properties to sum up all these why I have done is the following property namely on i n both phi and psi hat phi is on the boundary psi hat in the intersection in clear map i n cross 0 homomorphically on to w so now the trick is revealed see we can control we want to control w but we can control i n cross 0 by the very definition of homotopy lifting property so use this homomorphism then we can do whatever you want to so now go back to our homotopy lifting diagram I have projection map p this vibration here I have an h here I want a capital H here such that restricted to w it is lambda and p composite h is h I cannot apply the homotopy lifting here because this w is not just i n cross 0 so what I do I take psi hat compute h s f and take the larger rectangle here on i n plus 1 i n plus 1 i raise to n plus 1 I take this map now namely it is h composite psi hat i n cross 0 just take whatever restricted to i n cross 0 whatever it comes out that happens to be just you know restricted to i n cross 0 it is psi right and psi goes i n cross 0 goes to w that is what we we examine that and there you take composite with lambda this is my g this is my f little f then homotopy lifting property of p gives you capital G here okay now all that I want to take capital H to be come here by psi hat inverse and then take g okay so g company psi hat inverse is capital H okay so that will give you whatever h we wanted okay now let us come to the the final statement of this theorem the proof is very easy namely take any vibration take a base point in the top space base points must be taken such that p of e naught is the base point below and a capital F is p inverse of b naught this is convention then we have a long exact sequence of homotopy groups and homomorphisms what is that pi n of f e naught to pi n of e e naught p check suddenly instead of relative homotopy group here pi n of b b naught and then boundary operator whatever pi n minus 1 of f e naught and so on so pi n minus 1 then again next one pi n minus 1 of e minus e pi n minus b and goes on and finally it will end up with pi n pi 1 of b b naught to pi naught of f to pi naught of e pi naught remember is the set of path components of f okay and pi naught of a is is again path components of f then this is the inclusion map okay the proof is now very clear if i replace this b here with pi n of e comma f comma b naught namely relative homotopy group okay and then this map by the inclusion map then I have an exact sequence the proposition says that the relative homotopy group is isomorphic to pi n of b b naught under p check so what this map I am going to do just p composite I check which is again p check so that is precisely what the proof says start with a start with the homotopy exact sequence of the pair e f okay pi n of e f is sitting here pi n minus 1 of f is the boundary boundary map here and this is a one inclusion map there is another inclusion map from here you go via p check which is an isomorphism to pi n of b b naught to take the composite it is just the restriction of instead of pairs it is just the same map e e e naught so this was a p check only this thing I have to define to be p check inverse followed by daba so delta is what daba composite p check inverse you define that way that is why there is different notation here automatically this will be an exact sequence so coming from here to here and come down here go that way and that is the precise the statement of this okay so that completes the proof of the big theorem okay homotopy exact sequence of a vibration of course it has several applications we will only mention a few of them which are immediate constant without much trouble we should be able to get one of the thing is that a covering projection is always a vibration it is a very peculiar vibration very very important vibration which has more properties than ordinary vibration in particular the fiber f is a discrete space when it is a discrete space what happens even pi naught will correspond to number of points in it and all other pi 1 pi 2 pi 3 all of them are all 0 so if you use that hypothesis here this pi n of f will keep appearing and it will be 0 this will be 0 so this will be isomorphism so this p check will be isomorphism that means what that means that p check from the top space x bar here instead of e to pi n of x instead of b it is b here this is an isomorphism for all n greater than or equal to 2 why 2 because when n equal to 1 your your problem will become pi pi naught of f naught that is not trivial pi naught of f naught is not a single point there are several components okay that is not a single point so n equal to 1 it will not work obviously for n equal to 1 we know exactly we have studied this one under covering space revolution so here is a case wherein it works even much better look at the look at the action of s 1 on s 2 n plus 1 think of s 2 n plus 1 as a unit sphere in c cross c cross c n times complex numbers taken n times product n times okay so on that s 1 x unit complex numbers the quotient is as we know if the compressor should face c p n this quotient map is a vibration that is not very easy to see and but we we cannot prove that one here it is a standard result and the standard result is the following if we have a lee group acting on at a manifold a smooth manifold so that is what if you lee group is compact and the smooth manifold is also compact then what we get is a vibration the quotient is a vibration okay this is the richest source of vibration by the way but discourse we cannot cover that one okay so this is a vibration and this is it has a name of vibration because when n equal to 1 here this is s 3 2 c p 1 here it is s 2 and this was the important contribution of the P check is an isomorphism for n greater than or equal to 3 so greater than or equal to what a 2 n plus 1 is what I have here okay in particular pi i of c p n is 1 for 1 less than or equal to i less than or equal to n minus 1 and pi 2 n of c p n is isomorphic to pi 2 n plus 1 of s 2 n plus 1 okay hence not trivial so non-triviality of this one is seen in many ways in one of the thing is we have seen it namely the identity map cannot be null homotopy okay this fact was proved while proving Brouwer's point theorem okay how do we get this one apply this apply this one here with e equal to s 2 n plus 1 and b equal to c p n the fiber is equal to s 1 and we know that the homotopy groups of s 1 n greater than or equal to 2 they are all trivial okay that is what you have to do so isomorphism n greater than or equal to 3 because 2 there will be a problem because pi 1 of s 1 is non-trivial it is infinite cycle by 2 onwards is trivial so I think you know 3 you get this okay so that is what I am telling you I repeated pi n of s n is non-trivial is a fact that we have proved while proving Brouwer's point theorem namely the identity map itself is not null homotopy okay indeed what happens is just like pi 1 of s 1 is infinite cycle you can prove that pi n of s n is also infinite cycle and that goes under the name half hoffs theorem okay hoffs degree theorem but we have this is not a part of this course okay usually that that result is proved in differential topology okay so one more remark that fact the pi 3 of s 2 is non-trivial was a great discovery by hoff when he did it in his time okay and it was a landmark result even today so he observed that the fibers of phi from s 3 to s 1 they are all s 1s all fibers are s 1s here they are linked linked in a very nice way namely simple way like this and that is that is precisely what they are called half links okay so this is a non-trivial link that is easy to see but hoff says using non-triviality of this one the map itself should know should be non-trivial non-trivial means now not null homotopy so that part I cannot explain you to more than that thank you okay so here are a few exercises which you can try on your own trying the exercises is a part of the learning process okay the trying is more important than just knowing the solutions okay so keep doing that hope you will learn a little more thank you