So I actually filmed a video yesterday, but I was just freaking out. I was so upset I was screaming at the camera complaining about everything I said Let's take a more relaxed and reasonable approach today and I didn't do a video on Monday I just thought it was inappropriate in the context of what happened on Sunday and for those of you guys that didn't see that video The deal on this waterhouse didn't go through To merge my business with that one and actually create something profitable because for the last Seven months. I mean the bank accounts been basically the same and for the last two three years now running Frankie Syriah's meat I haven't had the potential for growth. You know can't afford to advertise the channel censored I can't keep consistent products due to the Inavailability of those products from my vendors which is causing me to lose customers, you know every single week when I can't get something so I Spoke to the slaughterhouse consultant yesterday and as I suspected that opportunity to buy that business was like very unusual Once in a lifetime to my understanding, so I don't know. I mean, I'm just disappointed It looks like I'm gonna be getting out of the meat business within the next six or seven months. I don't really know But yeah, everything just seems to be going wrong. I got to see high-jeter mess still that we'll talk about But first Shopify has blocked the main payments on organ supplements calm. They're telling me I'm not allowed to sell Selenium thyroid and NAC till cysteine. I mean like I don't understand. You can't sell selenium It's completely insane. You can still check out with PayPal on organ supplements calm But I'm gonna look at getting off Shopify as a platform. That's just absolutely crazy that like I don't know how to handle that it's just it's just Yeah, like what if they just go on my meat website and shut me down because I can't sell tendons like it It's absolutely ridiculous Speaking of ridiculous, you know that guy jerking me around for seven months not being able to get the loan Application submitted for the slaughterhouse like I kept asking it for paperwork but he just wanted to sell the business to that other seller and The SBA was no help at all the small business administration And I'm inclined to believe that the small business administration is just being used to launder money to see for society own businesses Because you got people like me that are looking at shutting down and they're waiting for months and months and months just for an email response, so maybe I'll do a separate video on the SBA, but Nothing nothing positive.  So the dehydrator I originally intended spending about $7,000 on the machine and the transportation. I think we're over $11,000 now invested. I had a couple of electricians come by I think four of them three of them didn't want want to touch it and the last guy tried He was actually like, all right, I think I got everything set up Let's turn it on and he turns it on yesterday and half the shit wasn't working So it's very very difficult the guy the guy tried labeling everything. He spent a couple hours here I paid him a couple hundred dollars and It's still not working It's just a mess. It's a nightmare that first electrician completely botched everything So now I have to buy a whole new control panel from China. Thankfully the new control panel is only 500 I thought I was gonna be out a few more thousand.  I don't even want to be down here for one second Let alone a couple of hours Yeah, I trusted that first electrician because he did three other jobs for me But he completely botched to this one Which is gonna cost me more money than all those other jobs combined that I paid him You know goes to show you he was greedy for, you know, five six hundred dollars And he's gonna cost a small business a few thousand I got to either call the guy or get my lawyer involved because that should not have happened That's I have to do something about it.  My tailor told me that her power went out, but I think I Think she took a couple days vacation or something. I know the power did go out in New York City I don't think for a couple days though So we should have that by early next week good news We did get our nature's glucose in so I'm gonna unbox this today. I'm gonna get it all bagged up with our labels and then Hopefully I can launch our new glucose product on Thursday. Did I say nature's glucose?  It's nothing special to look at but it's gonna be a One of my bigger product launches. Maybe after I launch this product some Secret Society scumbag is gonna offer me like two million dollars to buy out the business and then I'll get to retire to my Mexican beach with my Mexican So I got a bunch of orders to fill today for Frankie syringe foods organ supplements and then I want to bag that stuff up and I want to get out of here before too so I'm gonna get working and then I'll show you guys a little update and we'll wrap things up So we got most of the orders done for the non perishable businesses Frankie syringe foods organ supplements Wi-Fi shielding Frankie's naturals Just missing a couple things if you guys ordered water kefir grains or Moisturizing cream. I'll try to get that done within a day or two We did run out of a couple meat items this week. So if you guys ordered flank steak truck roast You might get your order next week instead Just haven't been a hundred percent on top of everything down here You guys have been waiting for the beef belly a while we have it back in stock one pound portions I think we got like three or four larger ones and Something that you guys haven't been buying is the short ribs We got plenty of like four or five pound racks six pound short rib racks You know no one really sells this stuff 100% grass fed so My guys are cutting up some beef liver and beef heart right now That's another thing if you guys ordered some beef heart might have to wait until next week My guys are a little bit behind on the cutting. I think we got like two or three days worth of stuff to cut up so we got to kind of Jump on that and keep it nice and fresh. I don't really Know what my game plan is over the next few months, but You know that farm property with the dairy the eggs and the custom slaughterhouse is definitely not gonna happen so I Just wanted to give you guys an update today. I Don't know we'll do the product launch probably tomorrow So keep an eye out for that. We're gonna do the new glucose products that a lot of you guys have been waiting for Friday, maybe we'll do like a general News update what all the nonsense going on in the world is and I don't know But thank you guys for joining me today Just check out Frank the eschel pound calm you can see all of my businesses on the website Just click each of them individually if you'd like to check them out, but outside of that. I'll see you guys tomorrow


Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA The Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. It is Monday in FIFA Ultimate Team. You know what that means. It's time for our market outlook. I want to take a look at the market this week with the headliners promo going on. Team of the year is now kind of pushed backwards. I want to take a look at these cards. Take a look at the market as a whole because I feel like this market has a lot more confidence especially knowing that team of the year is not happening just yet. People are going out trying cards, messing around with these new headliners, doing SBCs and basically playing with a little bit less, less just, I guess, confidence that team of the year is coming very, very soon. Although it still is, you know, it's not on our doorstep kind of like it was before. So I'm going to take a look at some of the headliners content. I think we could see this week.  I guess if you want to describe it that way, I feel like EA is going to be taking coins off of the market this week through different SBCs and we got another SBC yesterday on Sunday. We finally got our headliners SBC card. We got one of them. This is Malinkovic Savage or 21 Savage as people call him. Not a terrible card. I don't think a ton of people are going to do them just because he's kind of hard to link, but the stats are decent. It's a live item, of course, and it's not the most expensive card out there. I believe this SBC costs right around 150, 160,000 coins at the moment, which is not terrible, but it's not the best. I think people would rather use their 130 or 40K on doing Robin instead of this Malinkovic Savage. But speaking of what we could see this week, let's start with where the market is right now. Weekendly sell-off, full swing. A lot of stuff is definitely low. I'm taking a look at a lot of icons. I really am because these cards, people have confidence in icons. Again, it's what it seems. If you take a look at a lot of graphs from the weekend, a lot of cards kind of not rebounded back up a lot, but a lot of cards just kind of kicked back up, especially from some of the baby icons. Because last week in the middle of the week, we just saw a lot of panic selling and the icon market was just really dead. And I think now knowing that team of the year has pushed back, people that wanted to try out icons and do that sort of thing, they're feeling more free to do that because of the state of the market right now. This baby Garenche fluctuates a ton. He's one to eight at the moment. That's pretty low. This Raul was at 1.2 mil. And right now he's like 1, 1, 4 earlier today. Maldini has been bouncing around. A lot of the out-of-pack special cards have gotten low too. I was watching this Jamie Vardy card. I got one at 420K. And right now after rewards, we're seeing the market kick up a little bit as people are investing in some out-of-pack specials. And it looks like that Vardy is up. This Bruno looks to be down a little bit. He was at like 630, 640. He's right around the 600K range. So, you know, a lot of stuff is down, right? St. Max is 940. He was a mil during the weekend. This promise was 240. He was down to 220. Some of the freeze cards are down low. I was watching this Ben Yetter inform today because right now when I, of course, when Squad Battle rewards were happening tonight, I was noticing that this Ben Yetter inform is still very, very low compared to where his gold or compared to where his new item is. He's still 280,000 coins. And his new, his new headliners item, which by the way, EA Sports, you need to upgrade the quality type. So, I don't have to search special every time I do this. His new headliners item I think is right around a mil. Might be dipping underneath a million coins right now as we speak. And that's the one thing I do want to talk about today is these headliner cards. When do you want to buy them? When to invest? And can we invest in them? I want to take a look at some cards last year too. We'll take a look at that in the second half of this video. But I think this inform Ben Yetter, it's 270,000 coins and the live one that is plus one rating on that card is a mil. So, Monaco does not play until the sixth. So they do play this week, but I think they have a short span in between their games. Like they have two games in three days. So that means possibly this Ben Yetter price could be an interesting one to keep an eye on if they would win two in a row. Now, of course, that's one thing to keep an eye on, right? Is some of these headliners have already got one win under their belt, right? Bruno Fernandez in Manchester United. Zaha have a win. Meketarian have a win. Liverpool play today. That would be their first win for this card in terms of the streak of four games in a row. Atlético Madrid got a win yesterday. So Felix has got a W underneath his belt as well. And just kind of keep in mind that as these players get one, two, especially when they get to the third win, if it's a team that's on two wins, like let's say Atlético Madrid are on two wins and they've got an easy matchup for that third game and you know that heading into like weekend like sell-off that week. Maybe it's next weekend and you see the Bruno Fernandez card dropping a little bit. That could be a card that you would maybe want to pick up because that could be rising as the third win gets closed because when clubs get that third win in a row, we've seen with headliners, they do start to pick up. That's kind of like the point where it's kind of like the hype starts to build for those cards. And again, a lot of these cards have dropped off a little bit tonight with rewards. Ben Yedder is down a bit. Felix has been bouncing around. This guy is very rare. And again, it's Joao Felix. He's a very popular card in this game and his Player of the Month card is now gone. He only has now impacts this Inforum that is 100K and this card that is 720,000 coins, 740. Now, technically this Inforum, I haven't been watching it that closely, but this would be a card that I would expect to go up a lot this week. This would be a card I would keep my eyes on because now, again, he's been under 100K today, but his Player of the Month is no longer out. We're going to talk about Player of the Month here in just a second for La Liga because I think we are going to get that SBC today or not today, but this week. But I'm watching this Joao Felix Inforum because I'm going to go team of the week. There we go. I'm watching this card because I think it's going to continue to go up because he's a very hyped up card in this game. He's actually kind of rare on the market. So I would keep an eye on this guy too just because he's a very popular card and only two items in the game now. You can't get his Player of the Month. So keep an eye on that item. And then the rest of these headliners, as I was talking about, today at rewards, they did get a bit supplied and they have dropped a little bit, but I think people are also going to start to look to invest in these very soon. I sold some of my mobbies for lazy buyers over the weekend since they have not put the card type in the actual transfer market yet. A lot of these sell for lazies and these, of course, are live items. So they're going to fluctuate when they have games. I think there's some cup games this week. So even a man of the match performance, if they start dropping man of the match cards, we'll have to keep an eye on players that are in the headliner squad because those could get upgraded. But I don't think I'll be investing in headliners just yet because just like we had last week, right? We weren't expecting a big day on Monday.  Oh, they dropped a base or mid icon upgrade pack and the 86 plus, I think, or maybe that was on Saturday two days ago. But I don't know if I'm expecting big content today on Monday, but we do have upgrade packs out and this is just seeming like EA is trying to suck more coins off of this game. Now, one thing we could look for is if we see some sort of pack code where they would update like a party bag SBC to include headliners, then that would tell me that there's more coming this week in terms of a pack like that. I don't know if they would drop another party bag SBC if they would not include headliners in that pack. So maybe more icon SBCs could be on tap as well this week. We got Barnes, Torres and Hiro and there were six icons out before. Now there's just three. That could be something that we do see this week.  Maybe they drop another sort of headliners player SBC. I would expect one or two more of those this week. Maybe they drop another flashback since that seems to be pretty popular right now or like a special card, kind of like that Oxlade Chamberlain SBC. And then of course, I think we are going to get La Liga player of the month this week as well because the voting for that is over. And if we go take a look here on footband again, we took a look at this before, but it is looking like for La Liga to player the month. The voting, you know, it's definitely not decided, but you know, it's also a popularity contest. So I'm thinking that Benzema is going to win that player the month. Of course, he did have a pretty awesome month. Aspas technically had more contributions with four goals for assist. But I think we might see Benzema win, of course, because he is Real Madrid. Probably got a lot of those votes. That might be an interesting SBC to watch out for because you know, would they make it cheap? You know, it's probably not going to be that expensive, but a Benzema that would come out as an 80, it might be a 92 rated Benzema, honestly, because he has a 91 rated in form. And if EA wanted to sauce him up and give him 80 pace, that could be cracked. He might have 90 shooting. He'd have over 90 dribbling. And if they gave him 80 pace, that might be a card people would be interested in with four star, four star, four star. So just keep an eye out for that this week because that could be another SBC EA tried to do and maybe take some coins off of the market. But trading wise this week, I think since a lot of people are going to be grinding icon swabs and people are just kind of confident in the game again, they're not worried about team of the year being on the doorstep. I'm really looking at some of these cards to fluctuate around a decent amount this week. I got to spend Yetter for 277. All these buys were made tonight. Quadrata 113. I bought a Douglas Costa to link with the Mateus Cunha objective. I got this Vardia 420 right before rewards. This card is just very rare. I mean, I'm very confident that I'll be able to sell this Jamie Vardy for like 450, 460,000 coins in the next day or so. But the name of the game this week boys is honestly, and I got these Jutas for like low 70s. The name of the game this week is going to be flipping special cards, right? Team of the group sages road to the finals. Europa League road to the finals rule breakers. This Kula Bali card just today alone fluctuated between 450 and 500K and now it looks like he might be on his way back down. Just keep an eye on some of these cards because this Jarente is probably going to fluctuate between like the 245, 250 range and back up to 270. It's going to be a great week for traders to trade the out of pack special cards in my opinion because these cards continue to get bigger. And if you want to put the time in, it's going to be great to trade this week. I really do think it is. It was great to trade on the weekend. I think that continues, right? There was a Jarente there for 250. This promes card I kind of think could continue to rise of course because of the links to the Robin SBC that a lot of people did and maybe people weren't actually using Robin during weekend league. But maybe they're going to try them out during the week when playing rivals or something like that. So I kind of watched this promes card today and now he's back at 230. He was in the mid 220s and just like the same, the same thing that I was looking at with the Douglas Costa card, cards that link to objectives that rise when the objective first comes out and then dip with weak and link sell off. Those to me are great buys because an out of pack special that is OP that is meta like this Costa 320 is just sitting there right now. What's the next cheapest 320 and 330? Well, the 320 actually got bought but those are the type of cards that I like because people don't focus on the objectives that much during the weekend unless it's a very meta card they can use for weekend league. But I think that in that Cunha card people might be trying that out this week. Same thing with the Robin. So I like those types of cards. Just kind of keep that in mind when you're buying a card that has gone up a lot for an objective link. Just keep in mind that it might drop off after weekend league and you can see another rise in that week after. So that is something to kind of look out for this week with any more of those cards. Now, of course, dump freeze need that price range update that's kind of an issue stuff right there. But honestly, this week could probably be a pretty normal week with some content. I'm going to be trading some icons this week since I will have a little bit more time on my hands since the foot account has gone full-time FIFA. If you guys missed that announcement I'll put a link down below in the description if you didn't miss that one. But yeah, I'm pretty excited about that as well with daily streams on Twitch and even more videos. Going to be able to go up on the YouTube channel. I'm just excited to take the content to the next level. I know I haven't really expressed that to you guys here on the YouTube channel but a lot of you guys know through Twitter, through Twitch and everything. So I want to just kind of mention that again as well. But back to the headliners, back to business as we usually do on the channel. I was looking at these two squads and we'll take just a few minutes to talk about this. Our headliner is going to rise out of packs this year. Now last year, if we take a look at headliner squad one, I can't, you can't look at the squad from last year and look at these graphs and tell me that it's going to be exactly replicating of last year and you're going to see these guys rise up a decent amount from where they were in packs, right? Lewandowski was seven RK. He went to 1.1 mil on his third game. Byron actually lost that third game and he dropped down a bunch. I don't know if you guys remember that. But the biggest thing, the biggest difference from this year to last year with these headliner cards is team of the year has not happened yet. And if we look at all these graphs from the cards from last year, right? Nelson Samedo, just a very meta card that rose out of packs because he was very, very meta and it was the best version of this card available in the game, right? I don't think you're going to see the same rises as you saw last year. Honestly, just because team of the year is still on the horizon. Now, some of these cards might rise up until team of the year if a team quickly gets three wins in a row or something like that. But I'd be very careful with these guys holding a long term because yes, they might have a quick rise out of packs because these are cool cards. It's a really nice card design. Some of these guys are very meta, right? You know, Ben Joao Felix is a very meta card. Bamba is pretty good. People said that Player of the Month is a very good item. Some of these guys might just naturally rise out of packs or they might be invested in a lot. I think a Samavi is going to be a card that a lot of people invest in and you're going to see it rise because people invest in it, right? They're going to look at, wow, that Kamara Rule Breakers card as not as good a status as this Kamara and he was 60,000 coins. This card is 25K. So I would just be careful with some of that stuff but just kind of keep in mind that yes, these guys might rise a little out of packs and of course they are live items but I don't think you're going to see a massive rise and a rise over time since we're not after a team of the year. Now after a team of the year with this squad and headliners team too which are going to come out this Friday, I do think you will see them rebound nicely after a team of the year but not yet since we still have that on the horizon. I'm a bit, you're not sketched out about it but just a bit, I just want you guys to be careful with these headliner items that are on the game. Now they're also pretty rare still. So that's kind of an interesting point. This Jal Felix is a very, very rare item. If we compare price and go to the 59th minute like there's not a lot of supply for an 86 rated special card you know, that is impacts currently. There's just not a lot of supply. I actually, if I compare price on a Ben Yetter last night when I was looking at the market Ben Yetter had more supply than Jal Felix did. They both, we got to the 59th and a couple pages really quickly. But yeah, to a point I do think today after squad battle rewards people might invest these cards a little bit. You might see them bounce just a bit but that's just normal confidence I think in the market. I would say if you want to keep it low risk stay with the out of pack stuff.  Also tonight people are investing in team of the week because a lot of these cards are rebounded right at the start of squad battle rewards. Cancelo went from 51 to 55. Denier went from 28 to 32. Langley is up 10K from where it was last night. A lot of people are buying this my non card. So I think some people are investing in team of the week but I like staying liquid and just quick trading because team of the year is still in the back of my mind and some of these cards are crazy expensive. Cancelo is 188. He was 115K. That's wild. But I think just quick flips is going to be the name of the game this week. Mane is looking low right now. Bernardo Silva is getting kind of low. Dembele is low. St. Maximon is up like 25-30K coins from where he was at his point already tonight. Just keeping an eye on these out of pack specials is going to be the way to go this week because they're getting more and more rare as we get further on into this year in FIFA. And of course as we get content this week as we get more SPC players and stuff like that you'll find cards that link. You'll see market movements. SPC fodder is one thing I haven't talked about at the moment and I do want to take a quick peek at it. It's still pretty high. It's still pretty high. 84s are up. 85s are up because of Robin. We have multiple flashbacks with Benarfa that are out right now too. And we do have upgrade packs that are out so people might be trying to craft SPCs. And again as I said in the beginning of the video I feel like this is just a lot of coin suck happening from EA sports. Now one thing is I think the base does this icon SPC expire in the next couple of days. Base room and icon goes away in two days. I would not be surprised if maybe it's on Wednesday or Thursday this week. They re-release another one of these so that they keep it out if fodder would happen to drop between now and then then maybe you'd see an investment opportunity with SPC fodder. But yeah man just an interesting week on FIFA. A lot of people probably still grinding the icon swaps objectives and stuff like that. Since that is still fairly new people opening their 83 times 25 pack the 85 times five pack. I'm going to be holding those until team of the year and you probably hear a lot of complaints about gameplay this week as well because or especially squad battles because you have to play a lot more of these objectives in squad battles for the icon swaps this time around. There's six different objectives inside of squad battles and there were only well five technically just then one week in league. There were only three last time around. So squad battle rewards next week will probably have a little bit more market impact as well. Put some more coins on in the game because there would just be more packs open and stuff like that. So that's the market outlook for this week boys. Honestly it's kind of just a week depending on what kind of content he comes out with. We'll be watching the headliner cards will be flipping. It's just going to be a great week to continue to trade and to make coins flipping cards especially on the out of pack stuff and stacking up those coins and trying to get as many coins as you can as we head into the team of your time frame. That's a big grind for me. I want to get more coins that we can open the team of the year packs and all that sort of stuff. So that's the market outlook for this week boys. If you did enjoy it, smash your thumbs up on it. Comment down below if you have any questions and subscribe if you're new. It's been Nate the Foot Accountant. Catch you guys later. Peace out.


Good day, fellow investors. Today I want to talk about Warren Buffett's real estate investments. It is very important to understand why he also invested in real estate and how he approached those investments. It's essential because if we do the same in life, we're going to have great investment returns. Warren Buffett bought two real estate properties in his life, a farm in Nebraska and apartment building for students next to the New York University. Let's first start with the farmland in Nebraska. So in 1986 Warren Buffett purchased 400 acres of farmland located 50 miles north of Omaha and it cost him $280,000. A bubble had burst, he bought it for cheap, he bought it on a foreclosure, so he really bought when there was a terrible situation in the environment. However, he thought okay people are going to eat, that farmland is very valuable, I get a 10% return if I buy it now and then it's farmland. So it's really appreciate it will protect you from inflation and so on and so on. 30 years later, 28, because he wrote about it in his 2013 investment letter. Now we are four years later, so probably the investment is even more worth. He said it's five times the value what he paid. The earnings are three times what he paid, so on his investment he is now making 30%, not 10%, and he said he visited the property twice, he doesn't know anything about farming. The most important thing I take out of this, he bought it when it was cheap and it was something that has a moat. Nebraska farmland has a moat, nobody, you cannot compete, you cannot increase the farmland so much because and people, more people, more people, more people are going to eat, so very very interesting how he gave a margin of safety, so he couldn't lose, he knew he would get 10% a year on average, some good years, some bad years, and he didn't care later what was the price and he doesn't even care now what was the price, what is the price, current price of the acreage in Omaha, he knows in Nebraska, sorry, he knows that he's getting 30% on his investment per year, which is excellent returns and you don't have any, you don't even have to bother on what's going on and what's being sought. His second investment in real estate was made in 1993, when the bubble in real estate, especially in New York burst, there were a lot of companies selling buildings and somebody was a friend of his from Solomon was looking at a property apartment building close to the New York University. Of course Buffett bought in, the immediate return was above 10%, rents could have been increased and everything, now his return was after a few years, more than 35%, he refinanced the building twice, so he got immediately 150% of the purchase price back and he now enjoys steady cash flows, it's not a big deal in his entire richness, nevertheless it's important to see how he bought after a bubble burst again, so when it was cheap, again, New York University students are always going to flock there, so there's going to be demand for that real estate, just a great simple investment in a bad period, so always look, okay, is it a bad period and is it trend, the future trend positive? Of course, universities, they will never go bankrupt. So to conclude, really try to look for closures, buying value, where some other people didn't manage to buy value, especially when they're very leveraged, because when a company is very leveraged, then they have to really self make fire sales to cover for that leverage and at that moment, you can enter and really buy assets on the cheap, so really think, okay, the persons are leveraged, but the asset is quality, so very interesting to food forethought to think about and see how Buffett made different kinds of investments during his investment life. Thank you for watching, leave your comments below, looking forward to hear any other interesting sharing investment ideas, because it's always nice to learn from the best in the best. I'll see you in the next video.


Greetings. In your trigonometry course, you may have learned how to fit a sinusoidal model to specific data. The sinusoidal model is generally a sinusoidal equation. You may have even learned how to use your Texas Instruments graphing calculator to find the so-called sine regression equation that best fits the data. In this screencast, we're going to show how to do that using GeoGipro. We're going to show how to plot the points and to find the so-called sine regression equation. This sine regression equation is one that has a mathematical criteria that it satisfies to be categorized as the best fit equation for the data. We are not going to discuss what that criteria is, but just be aware that there is a criteria that is satisfied mathematically that allows us to call this the best fit, at least according to that criteria. Here's the data we're going to use. This shows the number of daylight hours for Edinburgh, Scotland. What we are going to do is use GeoGipro to plot these points and to determine the sine regression equation. We're going to let y be the number of hours of daylight and t be the time measured in months, with one for January, two for February, and so on. This is important to specify how you're defining your variables. Let's take a look at GeoGipro. One thing we want to do here is plot points. A very good option to do this is to use the spreadsheet view. Right now we have the algebra view and the graphics view visible. All we have to do is say, okay, let's take a look at the spreadsheet view. Now to save a little time, I have already entered half the data into the spreadsheet view. We might even want to shrink this a little bit. We are only going to use those two columns. Now what we do is fill in the rest of the data. In the first six rows, we're done in exactly the same manner. I'm going to try to save a little time and just go 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, but you should just feel free to enter the data as you best see fit. So 17.48 is the data for July, 16.03 for August, 13.82 for September, 11.52 for October, 9.18, and 7.40. And there we have the data entered. Now what we want to do is plot those points. And actually that's pretty easy in GeoGipro. With the spreadsheet, just select those 12 rows. Those are the 12 points we're going to plot. Come up here to this menu, which basically is create list, and what we're going to do is create a list of points. This will say, okay, what do you want to name that? And I'm just going to leave it at list one, but you can change that name if you desire. So say create. Okay, nothing really shows up because the data screen is not appropriate. So again, it might be nice to now dispense with the spreadsheet view and just have this. And now I start adjusting the viewing window. And in particular, it looks like we want to change that y-axis. Now you can see some of the points coming in. We might move this over and like to keep the origin in there. So we might need to adjust the x-axis slightly, and that should do a pretty good job. We can drop that a little bit. And there we go. So there's our data points. Now what we can do is basically enter what is called the fitSign command. Basically, I'm going to use function notation f of x equals, and that's basically fitSign. And if you notice the pop-up here, it says what you need are brackets and a list of points. So we put in the brackets, and the list we're going to use is right up here in the Algebra view, list one. So I just type in list one, hit enter, and there we have the sign fit. And again, we can even dispense with the Algebra view if we want, and we get something like that. Then again, it might be nice to readjust the viewing window, but we have a very nice image of that. Now here's another nice thing you can do, which we haven't done before. This is the first time it's introduced. You can enter text into your graphics window, and that's this insert text up here. Actually, it might be nice to have the Algebra view here for the time being.  And something will come up. Without going into a lot of details of this, there is what are called dynamic text, static text and dynamic text. We're going to use a dynamic text, and what you do is put a double quote, notice it says invalid input. That's okay, don't worry about that yet. Y equals, finish the quote. Now it says the preview is okay, and now all I'm going to do is type in the name of the function I want to follow that. It's just going to be F, and hit okay. And now that sign regression equation is part of the graphics view. If you want to change your rounding options, we can change that say to three decimal places. And we get something like that. You can even, if you right click on the text there, you can go down to object properties. And the text, this gives you the size. Actually, you can change the font, but instead of small, let's put in large. And what we will see, I hit okay on that, close that up, and now I've got a larger view of that. I can move that around and put that where I want that. So there is a very nice way to get the sign regression. I just closed the algebra view, and now we have a nice image of the points, the equation, and the graph of that equation. Nice way to do that, we can of course now copy this and paste it into a word processor. That's it for now, so long.


Okay, good afternoon. Then I'm going to do the presentation with the title From Digitization to Digital Repetuation and analyze the case that the International Dunhuang Project. So my presentation will contain five parts. First of all, I will introduce two specific concepts, the repatriation and digital repatriation. And then my research aims and research questions. And I think it's necessary for me to introduce the specific context of China and the historical background of Dunhuang materials, which the International Dunhuang Project refers to, to give you a general idea of this project. And the rest of the presentation will be the case study, which I will interpret the International Dunhuang Project as an ethical approach to address the issue of repatriation in the context of China and how it works in China. So now we're coming to the concept, repatriation and digital repatriation. Well, repatriation refers to the lost cultural properties which left their community or country of origin, well, warplundered, illicit trafficking, theft, and illegal excavation. And in digital repatriation, here concerns the delivery in appropriate formats of copies of images, recordings, notes, observations, and other records of the culture of the people. But I'm not going to discuss the digitized process of the International Dunhuang Project and the specific technologies in IDP, but I'm going to study the international collaboration in this project and the specific relationship it constructed between China and other participants in the project. So as you may know, China is the country who faced a large amount of cultural properties that leave this country and now collected in museums and libraries in the world. And while the repatriation in China actually is slightly different with the repatriation of indigenous people because it's kind of state to state repatriation. So my research aim is to analyze International Dunhuang Project as an ethical approach in the context of China to undertake the digital repatriation and to explore the potentiality and insufficiency of digital repatriation. So, and I got my research question in the context of China to what extent does international digitization project like IDP ask or engage in and impact digital repatriation? Well, we're going to, I'm going to introduce the specific context of China and the historical background of Dunhuang materials. International Dunhuang Project actually is the International Cooperative Project which organized by British Library since 1993. And it mainly focused on the Asian Dunhuang materials which was founded in the library cave in Dunhuang Grutos in the northwest of China. And this Dunhuang materials was unfirely sold by this Daoist monk Wang Yuan Lu to the western and Japanese expandations in the early 20th century and then dispersed from Dunhuang to the museums and libraries in the world. But Dunhuang Grutos actually plays an important role in the history of Asian China. It is on the way of the Asian Silk Road and it is the gate for Asian China to do the cultural and commercial exchange and communication at that time. So this is the famous Buddhism site and this is the place for Asian people to do their religious behaviors. And it was listed by UNESCO to the World Cultural Heritage List in 1987. And actually this is old picture of number 16 cave and we are going to say the number 17 cave. Number 17 cave has a mysterious story. This small door at the north wall of the number 16 cave is actually the number 17 cave, yes, it's the library cave.  And if nowadays you go to Dunhuang Grutos, you will say the number 17 cave is like this and how does this Asian Dunhuang materials disperse to the world? Well, there's a famous archeology that we have to mention here. The photo at the upper left corner is the most famous Hungarian-British archeologist, Sir Steen. He primarily known for his exploration and archeological discoveries in Central Asia and he played an essential role in discovering these hidden Dunhuang materials in the library cave as well since 1907. And well, actually I understand his efforts and the works but his works actually a little bit controversial in China. And he acquired 24 cases of Asian materials and including manuscripts and four cases of paintings and relics by unfirely transaction with that Daoist monk. I think the total value at that time is around 90 pounds so it's very cheap and his discovery even inspired a lot of Japanese, Russian, American and even Chinese treasure hunters and explorers. So the photo at the lower left shows the original look of these Asian Dunhuang materials. Actually in this small sealed library cave there are full of bunches of these Asian manuscripts as you can see in the right photo. This is also another famous archeologist from France named Power Palliott. And this photo shows he examined the Asian manuscripts in the library cave at that time and he went to Dunhuang in just one year after Mr. Sting in 1908. And all this Dunhuang materials refers to contains the scrolls, manuscripts that describe the local life and local cultural and also contains the religions contents which could help to study Dunhuang cultural deeper and more vivid of course. So which I want to say that digitization of this Asian Dunhuang manuscripts is actually very important. So under this historical background to establish online international database of this Dunhuang materials and make them freely online, freely available online in a variety of languages British Library started to cooperate with seven major institutions in the world to work on the digitization of this Dunhuang materials. China have two branches, the National Library of China and the Dunhuang Academy in Dunhuang. And this is the official website of IDP project. It was opened in 1998 and this database is open to the public from the school children to the scholars without any charges as long as it's used for research education only. And the advantage of this IDP project that I have to say first of all it's easy for researchers to access and reduce expenses. In early 20th century scholars who started the Dunhuang cultural has to go abroad and visit museums and libraries in the world which cost them a lot of money and also hard for them to get the permission as well. And the second one, second advantage is it helped to unify the retrieval standards and the catalogs. Well actually even in China a lot of museums and libraries themselves established their own database and they established their own standards which make scholars even in China hard to search. But in this website at the left they provide a great searching engine that you can search with the code, the catalog and the bibliography. And the third advantage of IDP is it can benefit related researchers. For example, the whole Asian Dunhuang manuscript actually was divided into a lot of pieces accidentally in the past and stored in different museums. And for scholars it's really hard for them to get all these original pieces and mix them together. So with the digital images it's largely helped scholars to combine these pieces in different museums in the world and then facilitate the research of the agriculture, the economics or even the costume at that time. And the last advantage is this as the director of IDP said in her paper this website value users experience very much and the reviews and comments of this website actually helped to develop the project itself. So this IDP project actually provided a new idea of sharing digital data with international partners to China and then proposed the concept of digital repatriation to China. And we have already discussed a lot of advantages but according to my field work in China there are still a lot of worries and disputes exist. I summarized two main questions. The first one is the digital manuscripts is not real manuscripts and the second question is the ownership belongs to whom? Well to answer the first question I want to classify the digital object and the real object. Well it is not to propose that a digital object can or ought to replace the physical object but simply that the two do different things and therefore complement each other. So I do acknowledge the cultural significance and the value of the real object of course but digital object also have its own cultural and educational significance and in specific context and it is the reproduction of the real project. And to answer the second question about the ownership as the organizer the IDP and the British Library actually provide us a great example. The British Library provide technology support and the separate internet servers to the IDP local branches and images was scanned uploaded by the local branches themselves and cannot be modified by the other participants which largely reduce the worries from Chinese scholars and the ownership of these digital copies belong to IDP local branches themselves and it also helps to bounded all the international participants and reduce their worries. So to summary for the short term advantages such international digitization project is much easier to achieve than physical repatriation and have much more potentialality to instill more digital repatriation cases in China and for the long-term benefits IDP actually help constructing a compromised win-win relationship and then move the issue of physical repatriation forward and I mentioned the concept here a compromised win-win relationship. I acknowledge that digital repatriation is sort of compromise approach in order to gain win-win in current situation in the context of China and compromise has been already started in politics, international relations and business but when you think about compromise you probably will think it is just tolerance and escape or surrender or call it this but for me I think being sensible compromise is worth to study and what win-win means because in this world giving and receiving are not just really mono-directional or online and have to be thought of as reciprocal and cyclical ongoing processes and win-win here means each participant gain something rather than nothing and it refers to a dynamic that balance of loss and gain among each party through international cooperation and the communication and this balance actually constantly changes and progresses through these discourses and the negotiations which means it's quite a free-dial relationship. It could be impacted by the free-dial international relations or even the government attitude and to maintain this balance members should keep tight communication and collaboration and then reach the acceptable result and the reciprocities on the basis of equality. So in short there are four key words that could help building the win-win relationship which is equal balance, negotiation and reciprocity. Well equal is the basis of this compromise win-win situation. Every member should be put into this equal situation in the power structure so that members voice can be listened finally and loudly and other members can think their voice carefully. Well balance actually is the characteristics of this compromise win-win relationship and it requires the mutual adjustment of interest. Well actually the idea of balance came from the one of the most important Asian ethical branches in China from the Confucianism. In Chinese it's He which means harmonious in English. Well harmonious means we act things our behavior should not go straight extremely. We should stand in the middle understanding the neutral position and do everything balanced. Well negotiation here actually is the approach to get this balance and win-win should be a long lasting and ongoing situation that requires common effort and get mutual development. Well during more and more negotiation actually Chinese scholars tend to self-reflection their past and they have to reconsider their past wrongs because Chinese scholars tend to realize that the Chinese government actually did something wrong in the past and this self-reflectivities actually could bring more opportunities for Chinese and other participants to build mutual trust and respect for further collaboration. Well then the last is the result of this compromise win-win is the reciprocity. So it is optimistic that some Chinese scholars nowadays began to accept and understand the advantages of ADP and although problems still exist for further discussion but learning from international Dunhuang project it is a realistic but potential mode for digital repatriation. It changes our mind of repatriation from simple digitization to the digital repatriation and from mutual hatred to mutual trust and the respect and understanding and from isolation to collaboration. So indeed from my perspective I think digital repatriation is not alternative of physical repatriation by the very beginning of it and IDP provides a win-win mode from digitization to digital repatriation which could help to move the issue of repatriation forward in the context of China. Thank you.


I'm corebin. I'm Rick equals instagram Person brought then all alcohols are worthy Light beer isn't worthy. Depends on the light beer. There's not one worthy. Light beer. Corona. Doseckis. Lemmy. When you said light, I was thinking like diet. Not light in amber colors or anything. Because yes, coronas are fine. Absolutely, but I'm talking like Bud Light. I used to think it was hilarious that Corona took a dip for a while in sales because of coronavirus. People are that dumb. You're the same people that stockpiled on toilet paper, Gorman. That's true. Today we're doing a, I don't know if it's going to be a fun video, but this is called Top 10, we'll be now. Yeah, well, Top 10 killer bouncer off the face in cricket. Oh no. So, I imagine there'll be a lot of that. I am, I am, okay, this is like when you see a compilation video of guys getting hit in the head in baseball. Yeah. On the one hand, you want to see it and make sure they were okay, but you don't want to see it. I'm assuming everybody in here is fine. I hope so. There are a few things in life more disconcerting for me than seeing a guy in Major League Baseball get beamed. Even now, the memory of the sound and what happens to somebody because if you've never stood in front of a 100 mile an hour fastball. Well, obviously cricket actually is a much bigger helmet area. So I'm guessing it would have to go through that little slit. Well, I've seen one bowler getting hit right back out and get hit in the face.  Well, it depends. It depends, I guess. It does depend. But that's a pretty big miss. If the umpire... It's a very big miss. If the umpire thinks you threw at the guy and you hit him in the head, you'll be ejected, suspended, and fined. Yeah, absolutely. A lot of times... You can kill somebody. And you can tell, by the way, it leaves the pitcher's hand because when a pitcher knows they lost it unintentionally, the minute they let go, they want to bring the ball back. You can see in their body language they're already running to home plate because they know the guy's going to get hit in the head. Yeah. Anyway, okay. Here we go. I don't know that I'm ready for this. He needs some alcohol. Okay. Here we go. Was that the helmet or the face underneath the caging? This is just incredible. Oh. Now, they're going to have to check the cleaning. I think the ball is still stuck in the grill. Oh. If this one's gone through, this is nasty. This is not nice. It looks like the ball has gone through and hit him in the mouth. This is nasty. It's not good. This damage being done. This is not Scott Sterling. This is not good at all. I bet his nose is broken. Let me see. Oh.  Yeah, it was the... Oh! Oh! Oh! Oh! Oh! Oh! Right through the gap. Oh! It's good to see all the people actually carrying them. Why does this feel like it hurt worse with the man's eyes? So what happens in that... Yeah, I know the rules in baseball. What happens in cricket? Wow. Sorry, look at this. He won't be able to see. Oh! He's out. He's out. Cracked him right on the back of the helmet. Lee is down there. The first man. Please tell me everything we're seeing, they survived this without problems. I hope that wouldn't be a compilation if somebody wasn't okay. Seriously. Is that a one to see people that got hurt and then they couldn't play anymore? Or function? Because baseball players have died with getting hit in the head. Oh, that's a bad one. I don't think that delivery was so short. I think he's just ducked straight into that. I mean, it wasn't going to be much about the thumb side, I reckon. What's wrong with his leg? It might have even been the fact that he didn't pick it up out of the bowl of sand. But he stuck the ball there that's not very short of a ball. He might have a concussion. Something like that, man. Can he hit in the back of that? That's not fun. I didn't even see that. I have no idea what happened. Third time round, he takes him on. And it's not... I think I just saw blood pouring out of his nose. I do like that everybody is actually caring. Obviously, everybody can see that that's... No one's... Yeah, you never want that. You never want... Yeah, he's already bleeding. I couldn't see what happened on that one, no. In sports, you never want your opponent to be hurt. You never want anybody hurt. And I think it got in my... Oh, yeah. I think it was... I think I don't think it went in. Oh. It seems like it's this universally happening to them in the swings. Did that get stuck? Yeah, you're hurting there, bro. Look, I think it got stuck in this... Ouch, man. You have to have a concussion. It hits you that hard, right? For sure. Be shocked that you're not. There's pitchers that get hit in the head with line drives that happened to a Yankee pitcher this past season. He got hit in the head with a line drive in spring training and astonishingly was okay. There was a line drive off of the bat of Aaron Judge. Oh, so what are the odds of... Did that even bounce? Did that even bounce? Was that in the head? No, that was in the elbow. Yeah. Ouch. It's got him on the elbow. It's a nasty delivery. Short... Like you hit the funny button or... Right on that elbow. Oh, yeah, that's... And especially because you could shatter your elbow like that. Very, very nasty blow. Oh. Oh. It's not the sort of stuff Ken you had in mind. Poor guy. Well, Kennedy, boy, unfortunately, has to go. He's out for one. Not for a while, probably. Oh. Oh, he's sweeted him. That's not nice. What are the odds, though? He's down. Something going in. I got him in the chin. That may have hit him in the throat. Yeah. That has hit him. That's push the visor back, I suspect. And that's his blood. I suspect, or is it the lip? The upper lip. Oh. That is a quick, quick bouncer. He was knowing all that. How often does this happen? Yeah, that's what I'd like to know. You watch him, he reacts after being hit. It's an awkward position. I couldn't see where it hit him. No, the camera was down to low. He's under his neck. Yeah, what's the frequency? How often does that happen? Because I can tell you how often it happens in Major League Baseball. Not often in the face. Very rare it hits in the face. Which is why we don't have this kind of guarding. I'd say somebody gets hit in the face in Major League Baseball. Anywhere on the field, once or twice a year, maybe. That's 160 games with dozens of teams playing. Ouch, man. That's what I would be scared of, though, if I was being pinched at. Because you don't know where that ball's going to go. I couldn't see it. Is it all British? Are you undoing this on purpose? Did you notice the majority of teams are on the swing? They swing and miss. A tooth? Like hockey players. There's some water. From Walker, please go to reception, which will find us behind me. What are you just going to do here? Instead of which time this is necessary to decide whether or what's to carry on. This is his most formidable for that neck to delivery. There's a tooth missing. There's an ambulance that'll be in a while at tonight. Well, the pain will probably come a bit later on, but I don't know if the adrenaline has come through. It won't feel too much, but I think it will. Probably hurt pretty bad. That's not as good. The sound of that was really bad. That was like a bad hit on the ball. That was the sound that happens when a guy in baseball gets beamed. That was really bad. That was, I don't believe any of that was helmet. I think that was just good. Probably helmet. I don't. That did not sound like helmet. Well, yeah, he's hurting that ball. That one was a hard seam as well. That probably did the damage. This is a slip there. It'll be the seam of the new ball. If we reach here. Oh, I hope he's okay. I hope he's okay. Must have got through the gap between the pit. That was a groove of a delivery. That too was damaged. Frickin' face. That was, oh. Now I told you this was not gonna be a fun thing. I am not. I am so unsqueamish. Like, I love watching surgery. The other day, Andrani was showing me this medical thing of doctors opening up enormous zits while I was eating my lunch. And so I'm watching it. And I literally said, it was one of them pops. I'm like, mm, looks like my mayonnaise. I don't get, but because of being, because baseball is the game I played. And I know what it feels like to get hit by a pitch. And I've heard the sound from a little, on my Little League team, one of my co-players was catching a fly ball and I watched it hit her straight in the face. I've seen guys get hit in the head at games. And I've heard it on TV. It is one of the most disconcerting occurrences I've ever had.  You can die. From something of that speed and force coming at your skull. And most baseball players who get hit in the head, particularly in the batter's box, it's very rare that a baseball player gets hit in the head and then comes back and is the same after that.  They typically aren't the same kind of hitter after that. Tough one, man. Man. Yikes.  How often does that happen? Because that is frightening. And to have one, you have a ton of protection. Why don't they, is it just for vision? Like in football, in American football, not soccer, a lot of players were advisors. Obviously they don't have hard balls coming at them. Obviously. But they still have to catch a ball in the air. And so it obviously doesn't impede their vision very much. Right. But I'm like, again, maybe it doesn't happen often enough to warn it. But like, man, well, you would think, I don't know. And this says right here, his comment is from four years ago. But on this video, mystery of how 70s batsmen without helmets coped with bouncers. Well, that was baseball and football. There were no helmets in baseball until people players started dying. Yeah. Yeah. You would die. Yeah. And then they came up with a helmet. And then if you notice catchers behind the plate, the reason catchers now with their mask have the throat protector is because Steve Yeager, who was a catcher for the Dodgers, a bat broke and a piece of the wood went into his throat. Did he die? No. Thankfully he didn't. But that's when they came up with that. And you'll notice that the catcher's mask has completely changed. It used to be a small thing you just put here. Plus they don't even allow wooden bats anymore. No. No, they only allow wooden bats. Wooden bats. That's right. Yeah. The metals now. But the catcher's masks are now more like a goalie's mask and hockey for Major League Baseball. It's a full enclosure, protect the ears, and a lot of batters, especially those who've been hit in the face, they'll have a full face shield that comes around here. I would. But the difference between a batter and baseball versus a batsman and cricket, a baseball, they rarely are fully exposed. They're typically it's just one side of their face. And also they never bounce it off the ground. Exactly. So it's like, you know where it's going. It's going somewhere in this general direction. And it's going to hit one side of your face. Yeah.  Frightening. Very frightening. I hope everybody from this video is okay.  Yeah. That's a terrible sound. That's the worst sound. It's a terrible sound. I saw a woman at a batting practice at Angel Stadium, same sound, man. We're on the field, right field, close to the foul pole, batting practice. And I see these people talking over here. They're not paying attention. And I just have a bad feeling about it. Because batting practice is going on. And we're in the range where the cage isn't covering it up. Yeah. Sure enough. And whenever that happens, I'm screaming, ball, ball. And I did, watch it go. They're not paying attention. A woman just sitting there talking, not paying attention.  Yikes. It'll lick it. Not good. Not good. Let us know what other fun cricket videos are. There are two reactions because we like cricket videos. That was Yikes. Need more alcohol.


Hello and welcome to module 30 of chemical kinetics and transition state theory. So, this is going to be kind of the last module directly related to transition state theory. We have covered as much theory as we want to actually and today we are just going to solve problems alright. So, let us start with that alright. So, let us start with our very first problem. So, we are going to look at the reaction of H 2 plus F 2 going to 2 H F and let us assume that the transition state is non-linear. So, the first part is that assuming translational partition function is given to be 10 to the power of 32 meter minus 3 per molecule, rotational partition function is 10 per degree of freedom and all other vibrational and electronic partition functions are 1. Use TST theory to estimate the pre-exponential factor at 300 Kelvin in specific units of later mole inverse and inverse. So, I really want you to pause this video right now, solve this problem on your own. This is not a hard problem actually. You should be able to solve this, pause the video and solve this problem ok. Hopefully, you have solved it on your own and you have a number with you. Now, we are going to do it together ok, not then alright. So, well as always whenever formulas are needed you will be provided formulas. You do not have to memorize formulas, I have provided all the formulas here. It will be up to you generally to figure out which formula will be useful and which formula will not be useful. So, we have to essentially figure out the partition functions right. So, K TST will be equal to KB T over H into the partition functions. So, let us simplify that partition function of transition state. So, that will be Q translational of transition state. I have been using small Q. So, let me not break my own notation. So, let me use small Q only Q not of transition state translational into Q not rotational. And since vibrational and electronic I am going to assume to be 1 anyway, I will not even bother writing ok. This divided by Q of H2 translational Q of H2 rotational into Q of F2 I am sorry translational Q of F2 rotational. So, this is your pre exponential that is what we want to calculate ok. So, KB is 1.38 into 10 to the power of minus 23 kilograms meter square per second square Kelvin into 300 Kelvin that is the temperature that is given to us divided by 6.6 into 10 to the power of minus 34 kilograms meter square per second ok that is H ok. Q translational per molecule is given to be 10 to the power of 32. So, transition state is 1 molecule. So, its partition function is 10 to the power of 32 rotational. So, the transition state is non-linear. How many rotational degrees of freedom are there for a non-linear molecule? 3. So, the rotational will be 10 into 10 into 10. Remember it is 10 per degree of freedom and I have 3 rotational degrees of freedom. So, I get 10 cube ok. H2 translational will be 10 to the power of 32. Now, how many rotations will H2 have? H2 is definitely linear and linear molecule has 2 rotational degrees of freedom. So, I get 10 square F2 will be exactly the same 32 meter minus 3 into 10 square. So, let me just pull out my notes first we have to make sure that our units are all right. So, kilogram meter square per Kelvin second kilogram meter square second. So, I will be left here with meter cube per second ok. So, let me just write this thing 1.38 I have not yet plugged it on a calculator divided by 6.6 into 10 to the power of minus 34 into 10 to the power of 32 cancels with 10 to the power of 32. I have 10 cube in the numerator 10 to the power of 4 in the denominator 3 of them I can cancel easy math minus 33 meter cube second inverse second inverse because of this meter cube because of this ok. So, let us write this once more I have 1.38 into 10 to the power of minus 23 I have forgotten into 300 sorry into 300 divided by 6.6 I am sorry 6.6 into 10 to the power of minus 34 into 10 to the power of 33 minus 33 my bad sorry for the interruptions meter cube second inverse we can write second like this, but remember that the unit I want is this liter mole inverse second inverse. So, we have done this a few times I am sorry 1000 liters in 1 meter cube in 1 meter cube into 6.02 into 10 to the power of 23 moles divided by mole yeah. So, that is our conversion from per molecule to per mole we multiply by the Avocandro number. So, meter cube cancels and I get units of liter mole inverse second inverse. So, now it is easy we just plug it all of it in a calculator and what I get is what I have written here 3.77 into 10 to the power of 6 liter mole inverse second inverse. So, this is easy you have to be just careful of units you have to remember to multiply by this do not if the units ask this liter mole inverse second inverse that is the unit you have to provide the answer in and look the answer is also somewhat in what we expect it is a bit lesser typically you get into the power of 8 or 9, but not too far off. So, we have little bit of confidence that we are not completely off the charts. So, now we will look at part B of this problem let us recalculate this, but from collision theory now the collision theory if you have forgotten by now the answer rate is provided here. So, again take a pause solve this problem get the answer in liter mole inverse second inverse and then come back. So, pause the video now. Hopefully you are back hopefully you have punched the numbers on a calculator and got a number out those are very important skills. So, let us calculate it on our own. So, k will be equal to pi r a plus r b r a is 0.12 nanometer plus 0.15 nanometer, but we will write everything in si units which is meter and 1 nanometer is 10 to the power of minus 9 meter into root 8 kb is 1.38 into 10 to the power of minus 23 kilogram meter square second square Kelvin into 300 Kelvin divided by pi into mu.  You can calculate it exactly, but I know that since hydrogen is so much lighter than it will flow in we will just say this is the mass of hydrogen, but you can work it out. So, the mass of hydrogen will be 2 into 1 gram per mole, but again we want it in si units 1 kilogram per 1000 gram. I am doing all of these problems so explicitly just so that you get used to this notion of units. They are very important and unless you work them out on your own and keep on listening to me you will not be able to solve them. You have to practice. So, if I plug the all of this in I get 1.6 into 10 to the power of minus 27 kilograms moles cancels with mole gram cancels with gram. So, I will use 1.6 into 10 to the power of minus 27 kilograms here. If you want to improve you can use the mass of fluorine as well and calculate what you get exactly, but it would not be very different. So, kilogram cancels with kilogram Kelvin cancels with Kelvin. So, if I plug all of this in I got 4.16 into 10 to the power of minus 16 units. Units are I have meter square here and I get another meter here. So, meter square into this meter square I take the square root I get meter. So, this becomes meter cube second inverse because I have a second square here. So, if I take the square root of that I get 1 over second. But we have to do the same thing as for transition state. We multiply it by 1000 liters over 1 meter cube into 6.02 into 10 to the power of 23 over moles. So, meter cube cancels here I get liter mole inverse second inverse I multiply all of this and I get 2.6 into 10 to the power of 11 liter mole inverse second inverse. So, these are numerics, but one point I want you to now notice notice what we got out of transition state theory roughly 4 into 10 to the power of 6. Now, notice what I have got out of collision theory 10 to the power of 11 5 orders of magnitude more. So, does that make sense this is not really written as a problem, but now you know transition state theory you now know collision theory can you explain this. So, the explanation really is the collision factor in collision theory. In collision theory we have assumed all collisions are equally reactive. So, when I write this formula here what I am assuming is that h2 and f2 can come in any orientation and they hit each other and a reaction is going to happen. But you of course know that is wrong h2 and f2 have to approach in a very special way for the reaction to happen right. So, h2 looks like this f2 looks like this and they have to come like this if it comes like this the reaction would not happen right. If it comes like this the reaction would not happen there are only a few orientations where the reaction will be happening. And so, as is usual collision theory will grossly overestimate the rate constant that is the usual case with collision theory. And now transition state theory has actually corrected for that you see the transition state theory naturally gave you a much lower rate constant. Final problem and this is a hard problem now, but I still want you to think about it at least. If h2 is replaced with d2 can you estimate the pre-exponential factor using transition state theory and collision theory. You can assume vibrational partition functions are independent of mass and you can assume geometries are independent of mass and you can assume that the mass of Lorentz is much greater than mass of h. This is m underscore f my bad m h, but hopefully you understand that. So, this is slightly hard here you will have to make certain assumptions. I also emphasize that this is slightly open ended without providing you full information and such a problem I will never give you in an examination setting. Well, but all teaching is not about examinations anyway right. So, this is you think about it and then we can discuss it together and I will provide you my thoughts on it. So, again take a pause and first attempt the problem on your own. Hopefully you have taken a pause and you should think on this problem because this is a slightly deeper problem alright. We will first start with collision theory that one is actually easy that one is not very easy. So, collision theory rate is provided here. So, if I have to work with k collision d 2 over k collision h 2 well you notice that first of all all geometry factors we have assumed to be same.  So, they will cancel out k t will cancel out, pi will cancel out. The only thing I will be left with is mu of h 2 divided by mu of d 2. Also please note that it is inversely proportional to mu the rate constant. So, k of d 2 over k of h 2 is mu of h 2 over mu of d 2 square root ok. So, this is easy I know that mass of deuterium is double of mass of hydrogen. So, the reduced mass will also be double. So, I get this is square root of 1 over 2 ok plain and simple. Now, let us work with transition state theory that is one is slightly more complex, but it is doable. So, k t s t of d 2 divided by k t s t of h 2 k t over h now I am looking at this formula. So, k t over h is the same for d 2 over h 2 the temperature is the same. What I have is q transition state of d 2 divided by q transition state of h 2 divided by q of d 2 divided by q of h 2 naught and fluorine is the same ok. So, this is one happily enough and the exponential also cancels. We are assuming all energetics remains the same ok. So, we have to now find these ratio of partition functions. We will start with q d 2 naught over q h 2 naught ok. So, the partition functions will comprise of rotation, vibration, translation and so on and so forth alright. Vibration we are ignoring and the reason actually why we are ignoring vibration is because frequency is large. So, either of d 2 or h 2 they are different, but they are much larger than room temperature nonetheless. And therefore, this factor does not matter this still comes out close to 1, beta h bar omega is still much less than 1 and therefore, this comes out close to 1 anyway for both d 2 and h 2. Therefore, I am ignoring vibrational partition function fine, but I still have translational and rotational. So, the translational partition function I will have m of d 2 to the power of 3 half here all other factors are going to cancel. So, I am not looking at this 2 pi k t and all that into the rotational. So, this is translational now I have to write the rotational. So, the rotational this is linear yeah d 2 has to be linear h 2 has to be linear and for linear the moment of inertia will go as mu r square. So, again this will be proportional to mass some proportionality constant let us say m of d 2 multiplied by some distance, but distance again we are assuming to be same. So, even if I write d 2 square I do not care similarly I will write this, but we are assuming all distances are equal. So, r h 2 equal to r d 2 that term cancels. So, I get this is equal to m d 2 over m h 2 to the power of 5 over 2 alright which is nothing, but 2 to the power of 5 over 2. Now somewhat harder thing to understand is for the transition state q d 2 of the transition state divided by q h 2 of the transition state. Again I will have translation and rotation sorry not d 2 and h 2 this will be h 2 f 2 let me clean this up ok d 2 f 2 and h 2 f 2 the mass I have the translational part translational part again is here which is m of d 2 f 2 to the power of 3 half divided by m of h 2 f 2 to the power of 3 half, but note that the mass of fluorine is much more than mass of hydrogen or deuterium. So, to a very good approximation I can say that mass of d 2 f 2 is almost the same as mass of h 2 f 2 this is remember the total mass. So, I am adding the masses. So, when I add the mass if I write h 2 which will give you a mass of 2 or if I write d 2 which will give you a mass of 4 the factor difference will be only 2. So, if I take this ratio and I add fluorine as well remember that and fluorine is very large. So, this is almost equal the hard part is the rotational part. So, this will be I a, I b, I c of d 2 f 2 divided by I a, I b, I c, h 2 f 2 again we have not discussed much of mechanics in this course. So, we have not went into this moment of inertia in great detail, but what do these moment of inertia physically represent they represent 3 kind of motions. So, let us just think about what this transition state is you know a little bit of your chemistry some structure like this. Now, now this structure can rotate in 3 possible ways. So, let us imagine this is my transition this is my center of mass I can draw a line like this and rotate the whole thing like this. I can draw a line like this and rotate about this axis and I have a line going through the plane of my board through the plane of the screen like this. So, those are my 3 axis and along all 3 axis I am rotating the molecule. The question is how will moment of inertia change with mass? What is your intuition? So, that is slightly open ended you do not you can calculate it if you want, but let us try to make educated guesses without doing proper math. The point is any motion that will involve moving fluorine a lot will require moment of inertia of fluorine atom, but the kind of motion where fluorine is not moving much assume fluorine is infinitely massive. So, in that limit one axis which is this axis which is almost passing through the 2 fluorines. If I rotate around this axis you see fluorines are not moving the 2 hydrogens are moving. So, the moment of inertia corresponding to this will be proportional to mass of hydrogen or deuterium depending whether this is H2 or D2. But if I rotate let us say about this axis you see this will be dominated by mass of fluorine because here fluorine is moving. So, this is a slightly more involved concept, but hope it has some sense also you can think of the third axis which is passing through the screen that also involves rotation of fluorine. So, that will also involve rotation of mass of fluorine. So, I have only one I which will depend on the mass of hydrogen or deuterium. So, this thing will become M D over M H2 to the power of only one half I B will cancel and I C will cancel. So, what have we got in total? This will be in the numerator I have the ratio of transition state. So, let me just write this as 2 to the power of half. So, this becomes equal to 2 to the power of half divided by 2 to the power of 5 over 2 which is what we had shown for the reactants. So, this will be equal to 2 to the power of minus 2 or 1 over 4. So, you can compare it against the collision theory which was 1 over root 2. So, again collision theory and transition state theory will give you qualitatively different results the ratio is very very different. So, we will stop here and in the next module we will solve a few more problems. Thank you very much.


Now today we are going to start with the joint arrangements. That is also a part of consolidation. Let's see first of all the learning outcome. It will enable the students to compare consolidation and joint venture arrangements. It is not at least separate, it is part of the consolidation but it is given a separate standard. How the joint venture and joint operation accounting is taken care and it will help them to understand the new terminology involved in IFRS 11. First of all the objectives. The objective of this standard is to establish principle for financial reporting by the entities that have an interest in arrangements that controlled jointly. So the important thing is that the control is jointly owned. No single person can not take any decision unless all of them agree to it. Joint control is contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement which exists only when decision about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent. This is the important thing. They all should agree whatever they are going to do, whatever decision they have to make so they should all agree to it. Of the parties sharing control and control the arrangement collectively. When they control the arrangement means simply a small activity, you can say a business. So that business should be controlled collectively. Now the definition. First of all joint control. The contractually agreed on joint sharing of control over the operations are of on asset. In an operation they are buying and selling. This is that if you take an asset and give it to the rent then you are not in the operation but you have joint control over it. Of an economic entity. In this also you have to make an entity from a different point of view. Or sometime you don't make a collection but you take responsibility of a certain party. Exists when the strategic and operational decision relating to the activity require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing the control. Long term decision if you want to take it or if you are in the operational decision then all parties should have unanimous agreement, if they agree then they can move forward. Joint venture. A contractual arrangement where by two or more parties undertake an economic activity subject to their joint control. You will see when we look into the numerical that how joint venture or A, B, C, whatever how they take care of this joint venture business. Joint arrangement a contractual arrangement whereby two or more parties undertake economic activity together and share decision making relating to the activity. The decision making is not done by one person but by all parties and if all parties give unanimous consent then it goes forward. Joint arrangement can be classified into three types. One is simply joint venture and this is mostly going on. And the other is joint operation. A joint operation is a particular activity where they get together and run it and share the results of whatever investment they have to make. And a joint asset. In this also you take a very big building and then give it to the earth and then to the cry. So that is a whole asset and you combine it and share it with two or three parties. Equity method is a method accounting whereby the interest in a joint controlled entity is initially recorded at cost and the money you invest on it is initially recorded. Now the question is that what will come from its operation and adjusted thereafter the post acquisition changes in the venture share of net assets of the jointly controlled entity. You will share the post acquisition profit in your consolidation and this is basically the equity method. Initially it is kept at cost but later we incorporate the post acquisition results in it and then we show it in the balance sheet. So that is the real consolidation. Now here is one thing that if you have started a different business or joint operation then the investments that are coming from there or the sales purchases and expenses are coming from there then this is that you can also add proportionately, a little cost, a net figure is added. One is that you take every item and put it in the sales portion of it, do remember that if you have three items then your share will be 40% and you will incorporate the proportionate items in your books. It is a method of accounting whereby a venture share of each of the assets, liabilities, income and expense of jointly controlled entity line by line with similar items in the venture's financial statement. So it is clear that the consolidation that is already being made in the statement, the venture's, in the operational statement you will add line by line figures and the same will be your accounting. Now here is a word that is being used, significant influence, one is the domination, in domination you are the boss, whatever you want to do, whatever you want to do, it is significant, is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decision of an economic entity is in control or control over those policies, significant. Jointly controlled operation is a jointly controlled operation, a venture shall recognize in its financial statement, the asset is controls and liabilities that it anchors, that is the asset's control over your liability, the asset of your asset, the liability, the revenue of your asset, the expenses that you will bring to your books. The expenses that is incurred and share of the income, it earns from the sale of goods and services by the joint operation, so what is the operation in this, that whatever your portion is made of, you will incorporate it in your income statement, in your balance sheet. Thank you very much.


Air France has halted flights over Belarus. The airline set this on Tuesday May 25th after EU leaders announced plans to buy European carriers from the country's airspace. The French airline, part of Air France KLM, joins its Dutch stablemate KLM, which stopped flying over Belarus on Monday May 24th.