Section 11 of Notes of a War Correspondent. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Richard Kilmer. Notes of a War Correspondent by Richard Harding Davis. A War Correspondents Kit. I am going to try to describe some kits and outfits I have seen used in different parts of the world by travelers and explorers and in different campaigns by army officers and war correspondents. Among the articles the reader may learn of some new thing which, when next he goes hunting, fishing or exploring, he can adapt to his own uses. This is my hope, but I am skeptical. I have seldom met the man who would allow anyone else to select his kit or who would admit that any other kit was better than the one he himself had packed. It is a very delicate question. The same article that one declares is the most essential to his comfort is the very first thing that another will throw into the trail. A man's outfit is a matter which seems to touch his private honor. I have heard veterans sitting around a campfire proclaim the superiority of their kits with a jealousy, loyalty and enthusiasm they would not exhibit for the flesh of their flesh and the bone of their bone. On a campaign you may attack a man's courage. The flag he serves, the newspaper for which he works, his intelligence or his camp manners and he will ignore you. But if you criticize his patent water bottle he will fall upon you with both fists. So in recommending any article for an outfit one needs to be careful. An outfit lends itself to dispute because the selection of its component parts is not an exact science. It should be, but it is not. A doctor on his daily rounds can carry in a compact little satchel almost everything he is liable to need. A carpenter can stow away in one box all the tools of his trade. But an outfit is not selected on any recognized principles. It seems to be a question entirely of temperament. As the man said when his friends asked him how he made his famous cocktail it depends on my mood. The truth is that each man in selecting his outfit generally follows the lines of least resistance. With one the pleasure he derives from his morning bath outweighs the fact that for the rest of the day he must carry a rubber bathtub. Another man is hearty, tough and anewered to an out-of-door life.  But another man, should he sleep all night on the ground the next day would be of no use to himself, his regiment or his newspaper. So he carries a folding cot and the more fortunate one of tougher fiber laughs at him. Another man says that the only way to campaign is to travel light and sets forth with a raincoat and field-glass. He honestly thinks that he travels light because his intelligence tells him it is the better way. But as a matter of fact he does so because he is lazy. Throughout the entire campaign he borrows from his friends. And with that camaraderie and unselfishness that never comes to the surface so strongly as when men are thrown together in camp they lend him whatever he needs. When the war is over he is the man who goes about saying some of those fellows carried enough stuff to fill a moving van. Now look what I did. I made the entire campaign on a toothbrush. As a matter of fact I have a sneaking admiration for the man who dares to borrow. His really is the part of wisdom. But at times he may lose himself in places where he can neither a borrower nor a lender be and there are men so tenderly constituted that they cannot keep another man hungry while they use his coffee-pot. So it is well to take a few things with you if only to lend them to the men who travel light. On hunting and campaigning trips the climate, the means of transport and the chance on the road of obtaining food and fodder vary so greatly that it is not possible to map out an outfit which would serve equally well for each of them. What on one journey was your most precious possession on the next is a useless nuisance. On two trips I have packed a tent weighing with stakes fifty pounds which, as we slept in huts, I never once had occasion to open. While on other trips in countries that promise to be more or less settled, I had to always live under canvas and sometimes broke camp twice a day. In one war in which I worked for an English paper we traveled like major generals. When that war started few thought it would last over six weeks and many of the officers regarded it in the light of a picnic. Consequence they mobilized as they never would have done had they foreseen what was to come and the mess contractor grew rich furnishing not only champagne, which in campaigns in fever country has saved the life of many a good man but cases of even port and burgundy which never greatly helped anyone. Later these mess supplies were turned over to the field hospitals but at the start everyone traveled with more than he needed and more than the regulations allowed and each correspondent was advised that if he represented a first class paper and wished to save his face he had better travel in state. Those who did not found the staff and censor less easy of access and the means of obtaining information more difficult but it was a nuisance. If when a man halted at your tent you could not stand in whiskey and sparkled soda Egyptian cigarettes compressed soup, canned meats and marmalade your paper was suspected of trying to do it on the cheap and not only of being mean but as this was a popular war on patriotic when the army stripped down the work all this was discontinued but at the start I believe they were carried with the column as many tins of tan leather dressing as there were rifles. On that march my own outfit was as unwieldy as a gypsy's caravan it consisted of an enormous cart two oxen three bustos ponies one Australian horse three servants and four hundred pounds of supplies and baggage moved across the plane it looked as large as a fall riverboat later when I joined the opposing army and was not expected to maintain the dignity of a great London daily I carried all my belongings strapped to my back or to the back of my one pony and I was quite as comfortable, clean and content as I had been with the private car and the circus tent throughout the Greek war as there were no horses to be had for love or money we walked and I learned then that when one has to carry his own kit the number of things he can do without is extraordinary while I marched with the army offering my kingdom for a horse I carried my outfit in saddle bags thrown over my shoulder and I think it must have been a good outfit for I never bought anything to add to it or threw anything away I submit that as a fair test of a kit further on should any reader care to know how for several months one may keep going with an outfit he can pack in two saddle bags I will give a list of the articles which in three campaigns I carried in mine personally I am for traveling light but at the very start one is confronted with the fact that what one man calls light to another savers of luxury I call 50 pounds light in Japan we were each allowed the officer's allowance of 66 pounds Lord Woolisie in his pocket book cuts down the officer's kit to 40 pounds while Nesmont of the forest and stream claims that for a hunting trip all one wants does not weigh over 26 pounds it is very largely a question of compromise you cannot eat your cake and have it you cannot under a tropical sun throw away your blanket and when the night dew falls wrap it around you and if after a day of hard climbing or riding you want to drop into a folding chair to make room for it in your carry-all you must give up many other lesser things by traveling light I do not mean any lighter than the necessity demands if there is transport at hand a man is foolish not to avail himself of it he is always foolish if he does not make things as easy for himself as possible the tenderfoot will not agree with this with him there is no idea so fixed and no idea so absurd as that to be comfortable is to be effeminate he believes that roughing it is synonymous with hardship and in season and out of season he plays the Spartan any man who suffers discomforts he can avoid because he fears his comrades will think he cannot suffer hardship is an idiot you often hear it said of a man that he can rough it with the best of them anyone can do that the man I want for a bunkie is the one who can be comfortable while the best of them are roughing it the old soldier knows that it is his duty to keep himself fit so that he can perform his work whether his work is scouting for forage or scouting for men but you will often hear the volunteer captains say now boys don't forget we're roughing it and don't expect to be comfortable as a rule the only reason his men are uncomfortable is because he does not know how to make them otherwise or because he thinks on a campaign to endure unnecessary hardship is the mark of a soldier in the Cuban campaign the day the American forces landed at Sibony a major general of volunteers took up his headquarters in the house from which the Spanish commandant had just fled and on the veranda of which Casper Whitney and myself had found two hammocks and made ourselves at home the Spaniard who had been left to guard the house courteously offered the major general his choice of three bedrooms they were all on the first floor and opened upon the veranda and to the general staff the tent could have been no easier of access obviously it was the duty of the general to keep himself in good physical condition to obtain as much sleep as possible and to rest his great brain and his limbs cramped with ten days on shipboard but in a tone of stern reproof he said no I am campaigning now and I have given up all luxuries and with that he stretched the poncho on the hard boards of the veranda where while just a few feet from him three beds and with white mosquito nets gleamed invitingly he tossed and turned besides being a silly spectacle the sight of an old gentleman lying wide awake on his shoulder blades was disturbing and as the hours dragged on we repeatedly offered him our hammocks but he fretfully persisted in his determination to be uncomfortable and he was the feeling of his unhappy staff several of whom were officers of the regular army who had to follow the example of their chief were toward mornings hardly loyal later at the very moment the army moved up to the battle of San Juan the same major general was relieved of his command on account of illness had he sensibly taken care of himself when the moment came when he was needed he would have been able to better serve his brigade and his country in contrast to this pose is the conduct of the veteran hunter or old soldier when he gets in the camp his first thought after he's cared for his horse is for his own comfort he does not wolf down a cold supper and then spread his blanket wherever he happens to be standing he knows that especially at night it is unfair to ask his stomach to digest cold rations he knows that the warmth of his body is needed to help him sleep soundly not to fight chunks of canned meat so no matter how sleepy he may be he takes the time to build a fire and boil a cup of tea or coffee it's warmth aids digestion and saves his stomach from working overtime nor will he act on the theory that he is so tired he can sleep anywhere for a few hours the man who does that may sleep the sleep of exhaustion but before day breaks he will feel under him the roots and stones and when he awakes he is stiff, sore and unrefreshed ten minutes spent in digging holes for hips and shoulder blades in collecting grass and branches to spread beneath his blanket and leaves to stuff in his boots for a pillow will give him a whole night of comfort and start him well and fit on the next day's tramp if you have watched an old sergeant one of the Indian fighters of which there are now too few left in the army when he goes into camp you will see him build a bunk and possibly a shelter of bows just as though for the rest of his life he intended to dwell in that particular spot down in the Garcia campaign along the Rio Grande I said to one of them why do you go to all that trouble we break camp at day break he said do we? well maybe you know that and maybe the captain knows that but I don't know it and so long as I don't know it I am going to be just as snug as though I was halted here for a month in camping that was one of my first and best lessons to make your surroundings healthy and comfortable the temptation always is to say oh, it's for only one night and I am too tired the next day you say the same thing we'll move tomorrow what's the use? but the fishing or shooting around the camp proves good or it comes on to a storm and for maybe a week you do not move and for a week you suffer discomforts an hour of work put in at the beginning would have turned it into a week of ease when there is transport of even one pack horse one of the best helps toward making camp quickly is a combination of panniers and bed used for many years by EF Knight the times work corresponded who lost an arm at Grass Pan it consists of two leather trunks which by day carrier belongings slung on either side of the pack animal and by night act as uprights for your bed the bed is made of canvas stretched on two poles which rests on the two trunks for traveling in Upper India this arrangement is used almost universally Mr Knight obtained his during the Shitrol campaign and since then has used it in every war he had it with Kuroki's army during their last campaign in Manchuria a more compact form of the lease and bed combined is to carry all or any of the many makes of sleeping bags which during the day carry the kit and at night when spread upon the ground serve for a bed the one most used by Englishman was Lord Walsely's the lease and sleeping bag it was complicated by a number of strings and required as much lacing as a dozen pairs of boots it has been greatly improved by a new sleeping bag with straps and flaps that tuck in at the ends but the obvious disadvantage of all sleeping bags is that in rain and mud you are virtually lying on the hard ground at the mercy of tarantula and fever I carry all is nevertheless to my mind the most nearly perfect way in which to pack a kit I have tried the trunk the lease and sleeping bag and vastly prefer it to them all my carry all differs only from the sleeping bag in that instead of lining it is so that it may be used as a bed I carry in its pocket a folding cot by omitting the extra lining for the bed I save almost the weight of the cot the folding cot I pack is the gold metal bed made in this country but which you can purchase almost anywhere I once carried one from Chicago to Cape Town to find on arriving I could buy the bed there at exactly the same price I had paid for it in America I also found them in Tokyo where imitations of them were being made by the ingenious of us Japanese they are light in weight strong and comfortable and are undoubtedly the best camp bed made when at your elevation of 6 inches above the ground you look down from one of them upon a conrad in a sleeping bag with rivulets of rain and a tide of muddy water rising above him your satisfaction as you fall asleep is worth the weight of the bed my carry-all is of canvas with a back of waterproof it is made up of three strips six and a half feet long the two outer strips are each two feet three inches wide the middle strip four feet at one end of the middle strip is a deep pocket of heavy canvas with a flap that can be fastened by two straps when the kit has been packed in this pocket the two side strips hold it over it and the middle strip and the hole is rolled up and buckled by two heavy straps on the waterproof side it is impossible for any article to fall out or for the rain to soak in I have a smaller carry-all made on the same plan but on a tiny scale in which to carry small articles and a change of clothing it goes into the pocket after the bed chair and the heavier articles are packed away when the bag is rolled up they are on the outside of and form a protection to the articles of lighter weight the only objection to the carry-all is that it is an awkward bundle to pack it is difficult to balance on the back of an animal but when you are taking a tent with you or carrying your provisions it can be slung on one side of the pack saddle to offset their weight on the other I use the carry-all when I am traveling heavy by that I mean when it is possible to obtain pack animal or cart when traveling light and bivouacking by night without a pack horse, bed or tent I use the saddle bags already described these can be slung over the back of the horse you ride or if you walk carried over your shoulder I carried them on the outer way in Greece in the transfall and Cuba during the rebellion and later with our own army the list of articles I found most useful when traveling where it is possible to obtain transport or as we may call it traveling heavy are the following a tent seven by ten feet with fly, jointed poles tent pins a heavy mallet I recommend a tent open at both ends with a window cut in one end the window when that end is laced and the other open furnishes a draft of air the window should be covered with a flap which in case of rain can be tied down over it with tapes a great convenience in a tent is a pocket sewn inside of each wall for boots, books and such small articles the pockets should not be filled with anything so heavy as to cause the walls to sag another convenience with a tent is a leather strap stretched from pole to pole upon which to hang clothes and another is a strap to be buckled around the front tent pole and which is studded with projecting hooks for your lantern water bottle and field glasses this ladder can be bought ready made at any military outfitters many men object to the wooden tent pin on account of its tendency to split and carry pins made of iron with these an inch below the head of the pin is a projecting barb which holds the tent rope when the pin is being driven in the barb is out of reach of the mallet any blacksmith can beat out such pins and if you can afford the extra weight there are better than those of ash also if you can afford the weight it is well to carry a strip of waterproof or oil cloth for the floor of the tent to keep out dampness all these things appertaining to the tent should be rolled up in it and the tent itself carried in a lightweight receptacle with a running noose like a sailor's kit bag the carry-all has already been described of its contents consider first an importance a folding bed and second an importance I would place a folding chair many men scoff at a chair as a cumbersome luxury but after a hard day on foot or in the saddle when you sit on the ground with your back to a rock and your hands locked across your knees to keep yourself from sliding or on a box with no rest for your spinal column the chair is not a luxury but a necessity during the Cuban campaign for a time I was a member of General Sumner's mess the general owned a folding chair and whenever his back was turned everyone would make a rush to get into it one time we were discussing what in the light of our experience of that campaign we would take with us on our next and all agreed Colonel Howes Captain Andrews and Major Harmon that if one could only take one article it would be a chair I carried one in Manchuria but it was of no use to me as the other correspondents occupied it relieving each other like sentries on guard duty I had to pin a sign on it reading do not sit on me but no one ever saw the sign once in order to rest on the chair I weakly established a precedent by giving George Lynch a cigar to allow me to sit down on that march there was a mess contractor who supplied us even with cigars and occasionally with food and after that whenever a man wanted to smoke he would commandeer my chair and unless bribed refuse to budge this seems to argue the popularity of the contractor's rather than that of the chair but nevertheless I submit that on campaign the article second in importance for rest, comfort and content is a chair the best I know is one invented by Major Elliott of the British Army I have an Elliott chair that I have used four years not only when camping out but in my writing room at home it is an armchair it is as comfortable as any made the objections to it are its weight that it packs vocally and takes down into too many pieces even with these disadvantages it is the best chair it can be purchased at the Army and Navy and Anglo-Indian stores in London the chair of lighter weight and one fourth the bulk is the Williston chair of green canvas and thin iron supports it breaks into only two pieces and is very comfortable Sir Harry Johnson in his advice to explorers makes a great point of their packing a chair but he recommends one known as the Wellington which is a cane bottomed affair, heavy and cumbersome Dr. Hartford the instructor in outfit for the Royal Geographical Society recommends a steamer chair because it can be used on shipboard and can be easily carried afterward if there is anything less easy to carry than a deck chair, I have not met it one might as soon think of packing a folding stepladder but if he has a transport the man who packs any reasonably light folding chair will not regret it as a rule a cooking kit is built like every other cooking kit in that the utensils for cooking are carried in the same pot that is used for boiling the water and the top of the pot turns itself into a frying pan for eight years I have always used the same kind of cooking kit so I cannot speak of others with knowledge but I have always looked with envious eyes at the Preston cooking kit and water bottle why it has not already been adopted by every army I do not understand for in no army have I seen a kit as compact or as light or one that combines as many useful articles and takes up as little room it is the invention of Captain Guy H. Preston 13th Cavalry and can be purchased at any military outfitters the cooking kit I carry is or was in use in the German army it is made of aluminum weighs about as much as a cigarette case and takes up as little room as would a high hat it is a frying pan and coffee pot combined from the Germans it has been borrowed by the Japanese and one smaller than mine but of the same pattern is part of the equipment of each Japanese soldier on a days march there are three things a man must carry his water bottle his food which with the soldier is generally carried in a haversack and his cooking kit Preston has succeeded most ingeniously in combining the water bottle and the cooking kit and I believe by cutting his water bottle in half he can make room in his coffee pot for the food if he will do this he will solve the problem of carrying water, food and utensils for cooking the food and for boiling the water in one receptacle which can be carried from the shoulder by a single strap the preparation I have made for my own use in Captain Preston's water bottle enables me to carry in the coffee pot one day's rations of bacon coffee and biscuit in Tokyo before leaving for Manchuria General Fukushima asked me to bring my entire outfit to the office of the general staff I spread it out on the floor and with unerring accuracy he selected from it articles of greatest value they were the gold medal cot the Elliott chair and Preston's water bottle he asked if he could borrow these and understanding that he wanted to copy them for his own use and supposing that if he used them he would of course make some restitution to the officers who had invented them I foolishly loaned them to him later he issued them to the general staff as I felt in a manner responsible I wrote to the secretary of war saying I was sure the Japanese army did not wish to benefit by these inventions without making some acknowledgement or return to the inventors but the Japanese war office could not see the point I tried to make and the general staff wrote a letter in reply asking why I had not directed my communication to general Fukushima as it was not the secretary of war but he who had taken the articles the fact that they were being issued without any return being made did not interest them they passed cheerfully over the fact that the articles had been stolen and were indignant not because I accused the Japanese general of pilfering but because I had accused the wrong general the letter was so insolent that I went to the general staff office and explained that the officer who wrote it must withdraw and apologize for it both of which things he did in case the gentlemen whose inventions were borrowed might if they wished take further steps in the matter I sent the documents in the case with the exception of the letter which was withdrawn to the chief of the general staff in the United States and in England in importance after the bed cooking kit and chair I would place these articles two collapsible water buckets of rubber or canvas two collapsible brass lanterns with extra eyes and glass sides two boxes of sick room candles one dozen boxes of safety matches one axe the best I have seen is the marble safety axe made at Gladstone, Michigan you can carry it in your hip pocket and you can cut down a tree with it one medicine case containing quinine kalamel and sun cholera mixture in tablets toilet case for razors toothbrushes and paper folding bathtub of rubber in rubber case these are manufactured to fold into a space a little larger than a cigar box two towels old and soft three cakes of soap one Jagger blanket one mosquito head bag one extra pair of shoes old and comfortable one extra pair of riding breeches one extra pair of gaiters the former regulation army gaiter of canvas laced rolls up in a small compass but little one flannel shirt gray least shows the dust two pairs of drawers for riding the best are those of silk two undershirts, ball-burgan or woollen three pairs of woollen socks two linen handkerchiefs large enough if needed to tie around the throat and protect the back of the neck one pair of pajamas not linen one housewife two briar wood pipes six bags of smoking tobacco Durham or Seal of North Carolina pack easily one pad of writing paper one fountain pen self-filling one bottle of ink with screw top held tight by a spring one dozen linen envelopes stamps wrapped in oil silk mucilage side next to the silk one stick sealing wax in tropical countries mucilage on the flap of envelopes sticks to everything except the envelope one dozen elastic bands of the largest size in packing they help to compress articles like clothing into the smallest possible compass and in many other ways will be found very useful one pack of playing cards books one revolver and six cartridges the reason for most of these articles is obvious some of them may need a word of recommendation I placed the water buckets first in the list for the reason that I have found them one of my most valuable assets with one as soon as you halt instead of waiting for your turn at the well or waterhole you can carry water to your horse and one of them once filled and set in the shelter of the tent later saves you many steps it also can be used as a nose bag and to carry fodder I recommend the brass folding lantern because those I have tried of tin or aluminum have invariably broken a lantern is an absolute necessity when before daylight you break camp or hurry out in a windstorm to struggle with flying tent pegs or when at night you wish to read or play cards a lantern with a stout frame and steady light is indispensable the original cost of the sick room candles is more than that of the ordinary candle but they burn longer are brighter and take up much less room to protect them and the matches from dampness or the sun anyone who has forgotten to pack a towel will not need to be advised to take two an old sergeant of troop G third cavalry once told me that if he had to throw away everything he carried in his roll but one article he would save his towel and he was not a particularly facidious sergeant either but he preferred a damp towel in his roll to damp clothes on his back every man knows a very wholesome camp when the rain pours outside or the regiment is held in reserve for times like these a pack of cards or a book is worth carrying even if it weighs as much as the plates from which it was printed at present it is easy to obtain all the modern classics in volumes small enough to go into the coat pocket in Japan before starting for China my name is Thomas Thomas Nelsen's and double day page in companies pocket editions of Dickens Thackery and lever and as most of our time in Manchuria was spent locked up in compounds they proved a great blessing in the list I have included revolver following the old saying that you may not need it for a long time but when you do need it you want it damned quick press guides and mule-drivers, it is not an essential article. In six campaigns I have carried one and never used it, nor needed it but once, and then, while I was dodging behind the four-mast, it lay under tons of luggage in the hold. The number of cartridges I have limited to six. On the theory that if in six shots you haven't hit the other fellow, he will have hit you and you will not require another six. This, I think, completes the list of articles that, on different expeditions, I either have found of use or have seen rendered good service to someone else. But the really wise man will pack none of the things enumerated in this article. For the larger his kit, the less benefit he will have of it. It will all be taken from him. And accordingly, my final advice is to go forth empty-handed, naked and unashamed, and borrow from your friends. I have never tried that method of collecting an outfit, but I have seen never it fail, and of all travelers the man who borrows is the wisest. Recording by Richard Kilmer, Real Medina, Texas.


and away from security matters now to fuel subsidy blues. For more vice president for the World Bank's Africa region, Dr. Orby Ezequistly says, if reforms and the regulations are done properly on sectors that are close to the market, they will be prepared for market forces to determine prices. Recall that the NNPC limited had attributed the recent fuel price hike to the forces of demand and supply. Now, Dr. Ezequistly spoke while feeding questions on the fuel price hike and subsidy removal during the use of flame conference, which held in Lagos this weekend. Earlier, the former minister edged the youth to realize the duality of purpose they have been given in this life. Now, come on, sends Guru Alumi Day Immanuel through his way behind the fuel subsidy removal. So there are sectors in the economy that would normally say are close to the market. That's the term that is used in describing them. What does that mean? It essentially means that those sectors are sectors where the price mechanism of demand and supply that we know in basic economics would hold true. So in those kinds of sectors, you don't need an administrative approach for determining what things would cost. Something like aviation sector or the petroleum sector, these are sectors that are also close to the market. And if you did reforms well, if you deregulated sectors or liberalized those kinds of sectors well, what will happen is that you will prepare those sectors for market to determine pricing. Removal of subsidy is the right decision. The only thing we now need to begin to discuss is how do we manage it? How do we make this easy? How do we pilot this in place? And that's what they're trying to do right now. But to remove subsidy, we have to get out of that trap because it's been a major bondage to the entire nation. Everybody just needs to do what needs to be done to tighten their belt. But as we are tightening our belt, the leaders should be tightening their belt. So you can't tell the people to tighten their belt and they are doing 70 billion to buy these, 40 billion to buy, no, no, no. Everybody should tighten their belt. And then in a matter of time, there's also called the gestation period of a policy. It takes just six months to two years for a policy to normalize. Meanwhile, other speakers say the essence of the use of limb conference is to raise young people who can add value to the society by getting the right information that can impact them positively. I say something morosely every time that when you want to have a return on your investment, invest your pocket in your brain. When you want to have a return on your investment, quality returns invest your pocket in your brain. The first investment in people is investing their brain. The first department is not giving them money or giving them the first thing is if you have a strong mindset, you are knowledgeable, you know what you want to do with your life, then that's the first stage. Then after this, then we'll bring them into clusters. One of the things we'll do with this myth is I'm going to put people in different sectors in their sphere of influences, whatever, maybe you are going to education and entertainment so that you have that cluster of young people that can encourage you, iron, sharpness, iron. So that when opportunity comes, then you are aware. And then the last thing we are doing is we are bringing one of the things we are doing with this myth is that we are getting CVs of young people. We have companies, we have CIPM here now and other organizations that are going to help them review their CV and ensure that they can package it in a way that they are employable. It's a practice where you administer medicine, that you administer leadership. But there are pillars that make leadership effective. Whether it's a nation, whether it's a nation's leader or a business leader, a community leader, a pastoral leadership. There are things that make leadership extremely effective. Number one, at the top of leadership is the idea of empathy. Empathic leadership is extremely important. Empathic leadership is saying that I feel your pain. I know what you are going through. I understand. I've worked your shoes. Very important. Empathic leadership. The second one is the ability to really provide, to really engage. Our resources are not meeting up to the demands of the market right now, to the demands that we have in our country. It's a sad occurrence. But then that is why we are here as well, that we would also, in a few years' time, when we are able to take authority and take position, we'll be able to make the right choices and right decisions for our nation that would. The Bible says that when the righteous are in rule, the people rejoice. That righteousness will exalt our nation and there will be joy in the land.


Hi everyone, I'm Dr. Andrew Hughes here from the ONU to talk about my research into why it is negative political advertising does not work. Before we can do that though, let's look at an ad which does work, which really gets our attention and keeps it all the way from second one. This is Ryanville. This is a car ad from the US Super Bowl this year. It's a great example of an ad which does work. There's a celebrity in it for sure, but look at the speed, the music.  This is a great watch. We can enjoy watching this. Now that's the key to effective advertising, but you enjoy watching the ad because it means you like it and you recall the information quite favorably and you develop a preference towards the brand talked about in the message. It's a great example of why advertising can be effective. Okay, now we've seen one which does work. Let's see one which does not work and that's a political ad. This is from Bill Shorten from this year's campaign. Okay, first thing we can see it's Bill Shorten. So our attitude towards politicians comes up in our heads, which is unfavorable. And then we've got all these words here on the screen. Now, there's one over here. You can see some words appear about their messaging and even though it's a very short ad, there's a lot of content in that for us to remember and engage with and really connect with and at the same time, it's a political ad. We're switching off them, not on them. So even though it's a positive ad, what my research found is that that still is not effective at getting our attention and making us recall the message in it. Okay, surely that's one example. There's others. Let's look at this one here from Malcolm Turnbull. Again, a positive message. And he's the prime minister. So he should be able to get our attention from second one. But at the same time, he's a politician. So I think about our awareness in politics at the moment. It's there, but at the same time, we're sick of this campaign. But here's where it's going wrong. Look at all these words on the screen here. They want us to remember and read and engage with these words, what we're seeing on the screen. But we don't because our attitude towards the ad is negative. Even though it's a positive message, our attitude is negative. So we're not going to pay any attention to these words here on the screen, which means all these words here are a waste. We're not going to remember them. And if we're not going to remember them, then it's pointless having them there in the first place. So which is what my research found is that people don't remember these words here on the screen. They're not recalled by people from watching these ads. OK, let's look at an example of an ad which does work. This is a political ad which worked really well. And my research found this to be the most liked and recalled message of all the ones I studied and examined. And you can see why. Look at this. The words here on the screen, simple, the easy for us to read. They come up on the screen slow. We have time to engage in it.  It was made by an advertising agency for a TV show. So when the shackles are removed and advertising agencies are given free rein, they make an ad like this, positive, nice music, engaging all the way through, picked up by the fact that down here so far it's got 40 nearly 40,000 views on YouTube. The other ads I've shown you have only got a couple hundred at best. So it's a case in point where the market does speak. And as marketers and advertisers, you know, we need to engage with our market. And that's a good sign that we are down here. OK. But can negative advertising ever be effective? Can it ever get our attention to some point or description? Good question, right? So it can if we use humor and humor takes off the edge as it were on the negativity of the message itself. So we tend to watch it because it's funny, it's amusing. But at the same time, we're not liking the message because it's still negative and it's still from a politician. So even though we're engaged with the message somewhat and we can recall parts of the ad, what we recall is that we hate the message because it's negative. So that's my research fan is that people record negative ads. Yes, they did. But what they recall is how much they hate these things when they see them. So if anything, it was turning people off the message and off the politics. All right, let's see if there's someone out there in politics who believes me and supports what I'm saying. Is there someone there is? Oh, I'm safe. And it's fact from Labor and it's from Sam Dustyari. And it's proving here why negative ads don't work. You can see out of the mouths of these kids themselves. Kids are all so honest with their opinions about things, aren't they? And you can hear what they're talking about. They don't like the negative ad. And does Sam, let's see what he thinks. Of course. So if you're wondering, even politicians themselves recognize the fact that negative political ads don't work. All right, thanks for listening. I hope you found this enjoyable and interesting. More information, please go to our website. You'll find more information there.


Hello friends, welcome back to another episode here on the channel. I hope you're all doing great and for anyone new to the channel, my name is Lee, also known as Osiris. In today's episode, we are going into week 10. It is the final week of the schedule matches in the X9 draft league and we are going up against Nekra and her shout cast Sylvian. So if we hop over first, we can take a look at Nekra's team and check out what she be bringing to the party this week. It's a very tough team and obviously with the current standings as well, I'll throw those up on this screen right now so you can take a look at where everyone's rankings are and how we're looking going into this final week. Cause it's this, this is it really. If we win, we've got a good chance of a slim chance, I think of making playoffs if Nekra wins, then she's kind of guaranteed it. So there's a lot on the line for both of us going into this one. Obviously I've done commenting with Rose before, so it's exciting to kind of finish off the whole X9 league like this. If it does end up like this, it's going to be very tough. So like I say, we're 5-4 at the minute. If we can take 6-4 after this week, that would be incredible. But it's going to be very tough, right? It's going to be really tough. So you can see now I'll throw Nekra's team up on the screen and you can see that she's got a, she's had an amazing draft. I think one of the best drafts. I think when she was doing the draft itself, I was like, wow. Yeah, she's got some really, really good Pokemon in here. And it was very tough to kind of build against coming into this week. You've got the Glastria, the X-Gadrill, they're kind of big picks. And they've got the Tel, Volcarona, Bronzon, Aerodactyl, Obstagoon, Milotic, Sylvian, Rotomor, and Hippoudon. So she's got the Sandcore, which isn't the best of things against a kind of a Sun team. It's kind of what you would kind of expect to do very well against a Sun team. But of course, there's no Tyranitar in there, thankfully. But you know, the one thing that I would say that does jump out to me throughout is there's a lot of Pokemon in here that are going to be like heavy hitters like the Glastria, like the Aerodactyl and the X-Gadrill. Have I said X-Gadrill, Aerodactyl, Glastria, X-Gadrill? All susceptible to intimidate. So Scrafty's great in this matchup. But the thing is, she's got competitive Pokemon in got the Tel. So we can't ignore that. That could be something that we see instead of the Shadow Tag. There's the Milotic as well. And then you've got Obstagoon with its Defiant ability that it gets access to as well. So there's a lot of issues around bringing Intimidate and Scrafty, but I do feel like I need to. I need to just to support the rest of the team. What am I expecting there to bring? Honestly, Powder makes a lot of sense to disrupt the weather. Aerodactyl, I think, is a guaranteed. I could see Bronzong Volcarona coming as well. Milotic, I'd say it's kind of difficult because I think it's obvious that I'm bringing Venusaur right. And I think the same for Sylveon. And I think maybe probably X-Gadrill, Glastria, probably rounding off. But I wouldn't be surprised if we saw Gotha Tel anyway. So that's her team. What we'll do now is we'll jump over into our game and I'll give you a rundown of what we're running this week. We've got the Venusaur. Opted for Weatherball here. Can take advantage of the Sandstorm as well. If it's in effect, especially against things like Volcarona that we'll otherwise find a little bit more tricky to deal with. Ideally, we don't really want to be going head-to-head against Volcarona with Venusaur. But against most other things, as long as we've got Intimidate Support, we should be all right with it. We've got the Mimikyu here. We need Trick Room, I think, to support the Tocall or reverse it. Taunt is necessary for things like Gotha Tel shutting it down. Milotic, stop it setting up. Willow is going to be super handy against things like X-Gadrill. And Phantom Force was the move that I kind of opted to pick here. We've got Tocall. No fire type move. I don't feel like we need it. And I think this set will be way more beneficial than anything else because we can put things to sleep with your own. We might see safety goggles all over the shop on Pokemon. Could see stray things like Lum as well. But I honestly feel like the Iron Defense body press were not at any risk of not being able to hit anything on her team with the body press. So I feel a little bit more open to doing that. You know what we're doing? I get caught out like we did against Bryce and then the Charizard. It's coming back this week. We have got the Charley Berry on it. Got to watch out for the Aerodactyl. Obviously, Unnerve stops us using that. But if we can remove the Aerodactyl early on, the Charley Berry could come in handy against things like X-Gadrill had powered on later on in the game. So this, that's the reason why we've got it on there. And then we've got Scrafty, bulk up set. I feel like we're going to have room to utilize the bulk up set. Got Citrus Berry on it because the Leftovers is on Tocall. And then rounding off with our favorite, he's back, Jolteon with the Life Orb. Just because it gives us such a good way to deal with Aerodactyl, it gives us a way to one-shot things like Got to Tell, things like Bronzon even with the Max Fantasms. So that's kind of the team in a nutshell. As I say, I'm really kind of nervous about coming into this one this week. I think because there's a lot on the line. Obviously, we could have done ourselves a lot of favours in previous weeks where we lost and just picked up a little bit of a win. And we didn't perform very well against Colin last week. So got to come back stronger this week. I'm looking forward to it. We'll, we'll get into the battle in a couple of seconds, friends. So sit tight while we hook up with Necrime. We're getting to game one. Okay, we hooked up and we are just getting the rules sorted. I will decide myself and I will select the correct rules this week. Series nine, which I forgot last week. So again, apologies to Colin. Select a team ready to go locking in. Good luck to Necrime. Obviously, for everyone watching this video, please make sure you check out everything over on Necrime's channel. All her socials will be linked down below in the description. It's always great to get this perspective from the other player as well, especially because there's such high stakes on this one, you know? So what have we got? Let's double check what's missing. So we've got the Aerodactyl, the Excadrill, the Glastria, the Rotomor, Bulkrona and the Gothatel. Ah, you know, it would make sense to be Shadow Tag, Gothatel and competitive to take advantage of the, the, the Scrafty Intimidate, you know? Okay, game plan, game plan, game plan. I think what we'll do is we'll go Jolteon because I just worry so much about the Aerodactyl, right? I really do.  I think Scrafty up top and Tocall, we leave our trick room and we go Vino. And let's not pull the trigger so quickly on the Jolteon. I think that's what we got to do. I think we just, we don't pull the trigger too quick on going Dynamax with Jolteon, I think because we want to try Max Vino if we can. I think that's the, that's the, that's the goal. Charizard would be very good here. You know, Charizard would be amazing if, if we didn't have, what am I talking about? What am I talking about? Charizard would be amazing if we can get rid of the Aerodactyl, if we can get rid of the Aerodactyl. But we'll see how this first game plays out. We've got to just take our time, okay? We got, we got this game to kind of get our feelers out. Big high stakes. Just got to take it one turn at a time and try and get the result on this first one. Excadrill and Aerodactyl. Okay. Well, it's not so bad because I feel like Aerodactyl Max is to get the sound up, but then Excadrill could just Max itself to get the sound up itself, you know? Um, got to watch out for dual wing beat on the Aerodactyl. And there is the Y-Turb on the Excadrill. So, um, it's dangerous switching anything into Jolteon, right? We could fake out and just Max and go after Aerodactyl. We could totally do that, but then we probably lose, we probably lose Jolteon here. We could detect, we could detect, but then we risk the, I think we do detect. And I think we switch, do we switch veneer? No, I switch to toggle in. I'm going to switch to toggle in for Scrafty and then we can cycle back the Intimidate the next turn. Okay. At least we know the Y-Turbs there. See if anything Max is here. Maybe not. Maybe we just see a tail wing from the Aerodactyl, which would, would not be ideal. But again, it wouldn't be the worst. We are seeing the Max. So, is it going to be Aero or is it going to be Excadrill? I feel like Excadrill is going to be the thing that Max is here. The thing is now we've got our sun up, it's going to be the Aerodactyl. And the problem with switching in something like Tocall here is the fact that they're probably going to overwrite our sun, right? And we might just see an earthquake. At least Jolteon should get away. It's got free this turn, right? Max Airstream. Not ideal in the slightest. We take that pretty well with Tocall. We're going to see an earthquake come out now, I think, from the Excadrill. Yeah. So we're in a bit of trouble. Ooh, High Horsepower. We get away with that. We get away with that. Scott, free. We do, really. We really do. Okay. So, we can get Scrafty back onto the field now in the place of Tocall, I feel. Or we protect Tocall and get Scrafty back on the field in place of Jolteon. And keep Jolteon for later on in this match. Because I feel now we're more likely to see Max Rockfall, High Horsepower. I think that the Scrafty switch is pretty... The thing is, I'm kind of tempted to go for an eye in defense here. Because I think we'll take the double up from... No, I don't think we will. I think we're going to see Max Rockfall. I think we see Max Rockfall. But it could be into... Do I take the leap? The leap of faith? No, I think we just... We play it a bit safe. We just stall at these Max turns. Don't need to make risks right now, right? That's the thing. Don't need to take the risks. We don't need to take the risks. We need to just play this slowly, slowly, slowly does it. We lose Tocall. Then the Glastria matchup gets way, way more difficult. We don't want to lose Scrafty either. Max Airstream. Ah, that's a... We don't want to see that. We don't want to see that. Are they doubling up into that Jolteon slot? Maybe. Maybe. Yeah. Doubling up. And we don't get a Citrus Berry either, which is not ideal. And now I think they double up into Tocall. But I think we've got room to do this. We could go on as well, you know? I think we just eye in defense because... Tocall in a great spot. If it gets an eye in defense up, then we can just start body pressing everything. This is the Aerodactyl's last turn. Excadrill's minus one. I think you go Airstream into Scrafty. And I think you go High Horse Par into Tocall. Although we could see Max Rockfall. High Horse Par. And get rid of Tocall. Try and go for it, you know? Excadrill going to protect on the potential fake out coming out, which is perfect for us. So it means, yeah. Okay, well, we're going to get slammed here, but... We take that pretty well. We take that pretty well. All things considering, right? And now Jolteon in a great spot. Well, it's not in a great spot, you know? The thing is, I think we go after the Excadrill now. With a body press, I think we protect Jolteon. Because the thing is, I think you go High Horse Par into Jolteon. May switch out as well. Let's see the other thing. But the Jolteon, we could Max, right? And we would take a High Horse Par from the Excadrill. I just thought, I think we detect here. And I think we go body press into Excadrill. Because we know it's got the White Herb. And I'm pretty confident now that we'll be able to take High Horse Par and Rock Slide. If that's what they've got. So we need to be mindful as well about Venus all coming in. If we want the Sun up, do we want the Sun up or not? It depends, it depends. The Sun's going to be valuable to us. Especially for Weatherball, if something like the Glastria is in the back. But we do have a Citrus Berry to proc as soon as the Aerodactyl goes down here. Yeah, Aerodactyl is going to switch out. That's fine. Glastria are going to come in. Okay, that's still all right. That's all right. Because if Rose goes for the High Horse Par here... Into the Jolteon, that's perfect for us actually. Now we get the body press. We'll get rid of that Excadrill, which is... Ideal. And we could double up into Glastria this next turn. Because you've got to expect maybe it's got a Solvest. It would make sense in this team. You know, it could have weakness policy, but the thing is... And the speeds are reset now. So like the Aerodactyl coming back in is going to speed tie with the Jolteon. And the Glastria is not really as much of a threat anymore. At all. And we still got Scrafty in the back. So we do have that plus for us. So I really wanted to bring Rhyperia to this match. But I just felt like I couldn't ignore the Aerodactyl threat. I think the Aerodactyl is so much of a threat. Like it's too much to ignore. Now Aerodactyl could protect here. It could protect, right? And the smart thing for us to do would be probably... Get Scrafty onto the field. Get the Intimidate. And then go body press into Aerodactyl. And that will allow us to potentially get a Citrus Berry. But I don't know if that's going to happen. You could see the Aerodactyl just protect here as well, you know? So the Glastria has got a free shot of Jolteon. Okay, there's the Tailwind. Which is fine. The whole spot. Okay, that's perfect. That's literally perfect. Because if we remove the Aerodactyl here, we get our Citrus Berry. Yep, okay. That's excellent. A Nerve Gone. That was the most scary ability as well, you know? Coming into this match, I was like... A Nerve just stops everything. Like Charity Berry, everything. Okay, so... Talk all. Doing the biz for us so far. But whittling away with its health. So I'm not in the best spot. And we'll be able to see what the last Pokemon is now. But we do have Active Fakeout as well, so it's Volcarona. Okay. We don't want to allow it to get... We do not want to allow it to get a Quiver Dance. Because that would be super bad. That would be really, really, really bad. I don't know if I'm a body presser. I mean we could fake out and yawn it. It's kind of tempting. But I don't want to give the Glastria kind of a free ride either. I think we body press Glastria. Fake out Volcarona. I don't want it to get the Quiver Dance up. It does fake out. Even if we get burned here, it's fine. It's super fine. Which we don't. Another High Horse Power coming out. Take that like a champ. We'll be able to see what item this Glastria has got, you know? But it is enough to take it down. So it comes down to just the Volk versus everything else. All right. Well, I wonder how much a body presser is going to do. I think we just crunch body press and just try and catch the Quiver Dance if it comes up. Because the Quiver Dance could still be very dangerous from this position. I mean, could yawn as well? Could yawn. But we give away the yawn. Do we want to give it away? Yeah. I think we yawn. I think we yawn. In case we can't get off. Just to get an attack off Heatwave coming out. Do we take it? No, we don't take it with either. But that's kind of fine. Because now we get Venusaur in. We get Jolteon in. Sansom subsides. Oh, we needed it for the weather ball. We needed it for the weather ball. Okay. Well, it's kind of all right. Venusaur should take, should take. Venusaur should take a Heatwave. I'm just going to max lightning the Volcarona. And that should wrap this one up. Yeah. Very close towards the end. But Tokul, doing all the good things here for us. So let's see how powerful is this Jolteon. Is it going to be able to knock it out? I'm pretty confident it will. Jolteon with a life orb is scarily strong. And we should take at least a Heatwave. Ooh, it's scarfed. Skaft, Skaft Volcarona. It's the burn. Skaft Volcarona. It's a nice shout. Ooh, we don't. We just missed. Just missed the knockout. But the sludge bomb should be enough to take it. So we'll be able to wrap this one up. Which is a little bit relieving. But still doesn't make it any easier. Because we still got to win one more. Which is not going to be easy. Especially against this team. So I think we did well installing out the Aerodactyl. At the time I think. We didn't take any huge risks. That would have put us in an awkward position. We just played it pretty straight down the line. When we didn't really need to do anything else. So we'll play with the same rules again. And we're getting to game 2. I don't know. Do I expect roles to change things up? I don't know if our game plan was too far wrong. I really like the white herb on the X-Gridroll. I kind of hate it. I hate it for myself. This is an option. Because it really makes X-Gridroll a lot more dangerous. Could we see something different in this game? Potentially. I think. Mimikyu could be a shout. I think Scrafty is imperative to us here. Like Scrafty is so important to us. We know that the Aerodactyl is not sashed either. So I think we got the option where we could potentially. We could potentially go. And Scrafty. But then I think it forces the X-Gridroll to maybe max there. Rather than anything else. I mean we could go Venus or Scrafty. Switch straight out into Tocall. And then just go after the X-Gridroll. And start getting that damage onto the field. Kind of the same 4, but a little bit different. You get what I mean? I think yeah. We'll go Scrafty. We'll go Venus. And do we want Mimikyu here? Or do we want actually Jolteon again? Because Jolteon, I think we need Jolteon. Do we need Jolteon? We kind of don't need it. I think maybe like Charizard could be the one. Let's bring Charizard. Let's bring Char. Because like Volcarona Scuffed is not going to really threaten Charizard. Rotomore is not going to want to face Charizard. X-Gridroll in the sun don't want to face Charizard. So, it could work. It could work. Let's see, let's see, let's see. Aerodactyl Volcarona. Okay, that's actually not ideal. Not ideal. Because the Volcarona causes us a few issues. They're like Venus or not in the best of spots here at all. But we can fake out the Volcarona, right? We can fake the Volcarona out and we can go after the Aerodactyl if we want. They're going to go Max Airstream, regardless. But we could start that residual damage, you know? That's the big thing. I think Scraft is really important to us here. But I think in this instance, it's probably quite important to kind of stop the Volcarona attacking. And we could just literally go for G-Max Vynelash into the Aerodactyl. They're minus one. Yeah, let's do it. Let's do it. Let's pull the trigger. Let's go full Venomode here. But in the Volcarona scuffed, watch it Max here. Watch it Max. But I think they're going to... Well, what do they go for? Do they go after the Scrafty here? Because it was so frustrating to deal with in that first game. You kind of want to remove it as soon as you can. We'll take an Airstream for sure. And it does potentially mean that Venus would get a free turn here, technically. Which is exactly what we want. Fake out. And there's a Flame Body. It's a risk we had to take. We had to take it. We didn't have to take it, but I think it was worth it. Dual Wing Beat. Okay, that's fine. But no Tailwinds. So that makes things a little bit easier for us for sure. Because... Okay, can we take the Aerodactyl down though? That's the thing. I don't think we can. Okay. So I think what we'll do now is we'll switch Tollcall in. And we will go for G-Max. Well, no, we'll go for the Weather Ball. We'll go for the Weather Ball. We should outspeed Volcarona in the sun. Just see, clicking into that. Yeah. This should be enough to get the Volcarona. Because we can outspeed like... I specifically sped Venus all. So we get the jump on plus one Volcarona. I can't remember if that was Modest or Timid. I'm pretty sure it would have done Timid. Pretty sure. Soon find out. Ah, we get it. Okay. Yeah, so we did do the right Calx here. That should... Oh, it doesn't. But we will be able to clear the field after this. There's a Tailwind. That's fine. You have to kind of contend with that. That's all right. Heatwave. Yeah. Do we take it? Take it with Venus. So we've got one more turn with Venus. We kind of... Well, there is going to be the issue of sand. And I think Excadrill is the big problem for us now. Of course. Okay. Well, Tailwind up. Not ideal. But... Torco can come in and just get some health back. Because that's what we want. Glass... It's going to be Glastria in Excadrill, I think. In Excadrill. Yeah. In Glastria. Oh, we've got the Tal. We can't switch. We cannot switch. But we should outspeed the Excadrill. With Venus all. No, no, no, no, no, no. No, of course we don't. They've got a Tailwind. They're not plus one. Let's stop talking silly talk here. What we could try and do is get a yawn off into Excadrill. But there's active fake out, which makes things a little bit more tricky here. Way more tricky. Excadrill just targets Venus all. We can't really do anything. I think we need to let Venus all go down here. So we can switch something in. Like Scrafty. And get that Intimidate. Yeah, because Excadrill here is going to go through town. Unless you target the Torkall. But I don't feel like you do. Depends how fast the Gotha Teller is here. Is it competitive as well? Could be. We should have checked to see if we could have switched. Because switching here would have been so good. Even if we were proccing a competitive ability. On the Gotha Tell. Excrock 4. Yeah. Makes sense. Unless you go off to the Torkall. Yeah, you do. Okay.  No good attack into the Excadrill. And we'll lose Venus all here. Potentially. Yeah. Okay. It's a fast Gotha Tell. Okay. It's competitive. 100% competitive. 100% competitive. We're going to proc it. I think we can potentially do something here. I think. I think we switch in Scrafty now. I think we've got to make a brave switch from Torkall to Charizard. And hope that Rose goes max quick into the Torkall. And then we can switch Scrafty out to our... Let's see. Is it competitive? If not, then we're a bit knackered. We're a bit knackered. But it would make sense if it was super fast. Now there's White Herb. It's Shadow Tag. It's not ideal. Okay. We can try and bulk up, I guess. We can try and bulk up. Can we switch? Let's just see if we can. I don't think we're going to be able to. No, we can't. We can't. We're just making sure. Okay. Well, I think now we just Body Press and I think we bulk up. Or we could fake out into Gotha Tell here just to stop it attacking this turn. Yeah. I mean, let's just do that. They're going to go after Torkall anyway. They go help in hand. We could have bulked up. Okay. Well, the extra damage, I guess, is going to be useful. Depends what the expert goes for here. Max quick. It's going after the Torkall. I doubt we take this. It's neutral. No. Okay. Well, we need to just stall out these Tailwind turns because Charizard can still win this for us. Except the special defense is massive now on that Excadrill. Is that the last turn? I've got one more turn. One more Max turn. I think one more Max turn is what we've got. Okay. The Vine Lash coming in. Super, super useful. There's the Citrus Berry. Okay. Right. Well, we bulk up next turn. We bulk up regardless. Whatever we do. We still got Citrus Berry. We could still do this with Scrafty. We could still do this with Scrafty. Okay. So they've got one more Max turn. I think in one more turn of Tailwind, we have to protect Zard. We're going to take a Max Rockfall for our Troubles. And we've got to hope that the Charty Berry comes to our rescue here. Yeah. Let's bulk up because I think Scrafty could be a wincon in this maybe. Depends what the Gothatels got as well. So we know it's got help in hand, fake out, sidekick. Has it got hypnosis? So there's a help in hand. We're going to go after the Zard. It makes sense to just to get rid of it. It's a big threat. Now they're going after the Scrafty. Okay. That's a really nice play from Ross. I like a super nice play. Yeah. And that pretty much all but locks it up now for us because now the plus two special defense means that we can't really, I mean, can we take a rock slide? Right? Can we? Because that's all it's going to come down to. Can we take a rock slide? Can we take a rock slide? And can two heat waves clear the field? I don't know. It's going to be incredibly close. All we can do is click the heat wave button. Come on, Zard. I haven't brought you very much this season. This is where we need you to do some work and get the win for us right now. Help in hand coming out. If we can take one of these, that would be amazing. Okay. Heat wave coming out. I don't know if another one's going to be enough. Help in hand boosted as well. I don't know if this is going to be it. We take it but the sand, the sand, the sand is going to take us down anyway. So no good. All right. Well, okay. Good game, Rose. Let's go into game three. Let's go into game three. And this is where, I mean, this is good for you guys, right? Terrible for first playing it, but great for expected. All right now. Hmm. What are we going to do? The X scuttle is the big old fat problem for us, isn't it? I think Gotha Tell is a big fat problem for us as well. Also the Volcarona. Do we switch things up with Mimmy here? Go trick room. Because this, like talk all in trick room is phenomenal, right? I'd just go scrafty talk all here. Get an iron defensive. Like we did game one. It worked so well for us, right? It worked really well for us. It's just the problem is keeping the sun up on the field at that point, right? And I got a feeling that Gotha Tell is going to outspeed most things. It's just very passive if we lead scrafty talk all where we could lead potentially char as our talk all. But I mean, it's so likely she's going to lead Aerodactyl, right? She's going to bring it. Has to. No. I think we go, I think we bring Jolteon again, you know? And I think we bring Vinu as well. I think we go with what we went with game one. We'll revert back. Although I do feel like MimmyQ could have been very good here as well. But we'll see. Kind of don't want to see the Volcarona. Although I do think it's probably going to come out as a lead here. Problem with bringing Charizard when Aerodactyl is coming out every time is like, Okay. It's Gotha Tell in Mexico Drow. Okay. Well, we ironed a fence and we bulk up. Ironed a fence and bulk up. 100%. Uh, are we on? Are we on? Are we on? We could protect as well. That would be something. I think you've got to go after talk all here. Could we get away with a yawn? And we could bulk up again. No, I think we ironed a fence because I think the fact that Scrafty hasn't got protect doesn't make it ideal for us. Oof. I'm not feeling super good about this. Being trapped in with the Excadrill. With helping hand support next to it. The wide herb wasn't something I really accounted for. Let's see. I don't know. I can talk or I'll take this. Can it? Can talk or I'll take this? Go after Scrafty. Scrafty can take it. Okay.  I mean, that's huge, huge for us. That's huge for us. That is so big for us, right? We get a citrus berry.  We can max if we want with Scrafty. Go after the Gotha Tel. I mean, at some point as well, the Excadrill's got to go max Rockfall, right? I think you probably go. I mean, we could even go for a yawn now. That might even be a good play now into the Excadrill. Yawn, Excadrill. And go crunch into the Gotha Tel. Maybe you go after... Okay, Steel Spike. Go on for that. It's fine. I don't think we take that though. Nope. And then the Psykick from the Gotha Tel, I think, into Tocall. But if you get the yawn off, that's pretty huge for us. Shuts that Excadrill down for the rest of the... Well, not the rest of the game, but... Makes it more difficult for it to do anything, but we're kind of locked in to go in for Venusol now onto the field, you know? That Psykick does so much damage. So much. All right. Special defense boost, not ideal. Use her. But... Let's see. Gotta go after the Gotha Tel, really, haven't we? Gotta go after it. I think if we protect Tocall here... Max and Sludge Bomb. It's just Psykick, Max Quake. It's gonna be quite obnoxious to deal with. But they're gonna Max Rockfall. 100% Max Rockfall. They're going to Max Rockfall. So we could... I think we take a Max Rockfall with Tocall as well. Let's say help and hand it. I don't think they do that. I think we yawn into Gotha Tel. I think we Max. Got Max who's into Gotha Tel as well. I think we double in. Go for the yawn into it.  Stop that support line.  And then we can just kind of just pick whatever we want off after that. As long as Tocall can kind of get through this turn. And if not, then we can get the Excadrill the following turn with Venu. And then we've got to hope that we've got enough in the tank with what we've got left to deal with potentially Aerodactyl Volcaron in the back. But it may not be... may not be those two. Gotta go Maxus because we need the boost. We need the boost to do the damage that we need onto these Pokemon. Because you've got to remember there's two Max Quakes come out from this Excadrill right now. Max Rockfo... Oh, Max Quake again. Okay. That's fine. And a Psyche I can imagine. Now the Excadrill is going to be a sleep. Yep. I think we'll take another one of those though. Okay and Tocall gets Waste got free this turn. Now we can go after the Excadrill. Because we'll take another Psyche. Just whether or not we want to go for a body press here into the Gothatel or if we want to protect. But I think you go after... I think you go after Venus all day long. Whereas we could go for another Iron Defense here. But I think the extra damage onto the Gothatel is kind of nice anyway. So I think we go Yeah. Let's go from Max... G Max Vine Lash into the Excadrill. Yep. That'll be gone in two turns. See where's the Psyche coming. I mean it's more useful probably at this point into Tocall gets away with it and we take it with Venus. So that's good. We're going to get one more turn. Get the body pressed. Should get some nice damage stacked up with the G Max Vine Lash. Oh, it does nothing. Does nothing. Nothing. We'll prop that citrus very now though. Wow. Wow. And the Gothatel asleep. So we get a free turn this last one. Where we can go for... Yeah. I think we probably go Max Oos again. How many turns has this one got though? That's the thing. We want to probably go body pressed Max Oos. Maybe. How many turns has this one got left? One. It's not super useful. We've got Iron Defense again. I think we go Max Vine Lash into Gothatel. Yeah. And Iron Defense. We just need the extra damage onto the Gothatel to be honest. And Gothatel going to stay asleep this turn. 100%. And we can protect the tocall the next turn if we need to. Or we could double protect the next turn if we needed to. Get that second Iron Defense up. So... The Vine Lash will take the extra drill down. No, not this turn. Not this turn. It's kind of better if the sun goes away now honestly. And let's see. Is it going to be enough? It's not going to be enough to get the Gothatel this next turn. I think we've got a sludge bomb it. Sludge bomb the Gothatel here. Or we could leave Storm it. It's just risky because I think we protect tocall. Or do we need to protect tocall? I just don't want to take a psychic right? Yeah, we don't want to take a psychic. So we protect tocall, we sludge bomb into Gothatel. That should clear the field. With the G Max Vine Lash stacked on top of it. And then we got Jolteon. Okay. Do we dodge this? I don't think we do. No. Okay. On that stitch. Attempt to get. An attack off with extra drill. So let's wake up. Gothatel wakes up. He's well gone for that psychic. Okay, well that's fine. Because Jolteon can take down the Gothatel this next turn. Extra drill's gone which makes it a little bit easier for Jolteon to perform. Extra drill's on its last legs. So... It does depend on what comes in obviously. So it makes it a little bit more tricky if you've got something like vocal runner in the back. Because it can come in and just disrupt. But I mean we've got the protection here with Jolteon. If it's Aerodactyl. We've got a free one shot. I mean we can go for the speed tie here. If we get it. If we win the speed tie, then we're in the money, you know? But I don't know if we necessarily want to risk it. Because the thing is, right? If we lose the speed tie, we lose the speed tie. Then they're going to get the tail wind up. Gothatel gets the psychic off, right? So it doesn't really matter. I think we check the Gothatel whatever and we go for body press into Aerodactyl. I think Aerodactyl's got to go for a tail wind. We do win the speed tie there. If it is a speed tie, get the Gothatel. It makes such a big difference for our Tocall right now. Because, yeah, the tail wind, we should be able to get rid of the Aerodactyl and then it comes down to Tocall versus whatever's left. If it's a Glastria, then we are fine. If it's Glastria, if it's Volcarona, it's a little more tricky. Because obviously the body press is not doing as much, but we do have Yorne. So I think we go Yorne into whatever comes in. Could be Lumbury though. But not Volcarona, we know. So we can... What do you go for if you're Volcarona? I think we go Yorne. Do we just go... Yeah, I think we just thunderbolt. I think we just thunderbolt here. It's going to get a heatwave off. It has to go heatwave. Thankfully the sun's not up. Jolteon takes it, so that's good. Get the thunderbolt. Get the Yorne. And now we can double protect. It goes to sleep. And then we can lock it up after that. And not worry about the tailwind. And that will be that, hopefully. So Jolteon was the right call in the end. Charizard would have been a bad call. Because we would have got decimated by a rock slide. So that wouldn't have been ideal. Jolteon is... Well, the MVP of the team is 100% Tocall. Tocall has carried us in this. Every match that we've brought it, it's been incredible. Especially in this last one. We've been clicking these Yorne buttons a little bit more. But Jolteon has definitely done some good work here. So is the thunderbolt going to be enough? Or is Tocall going to get all the glory? Thunderbolt probably is going to be enough, I think, from the previous damage. Yep, okay.  That was a nuts match. I can't wait to see it from Rose's side of the field. Make sure, like I said at the start of the match, go and check out it from her side. Because I think how it's come to a game three, it's made for an amazing set. I've had an incredible time playing her. Great game, Rose. And I hope... I think there's a chance that Rose will still make the playoffs. Because I think we're tying on record now. So there is a chance that she will make it. And I will keep my fingers crossed for her. Yeah, check out her side of the match. We finished six and four. So, I mean, we managed to get a win in this last week. It's been super tough. Felt like this is probably being the toughest challenge. And now, friends, we just need to keep our fingers crossed and hope that we've done enough to get into playoffs. I really want to make the playoffs. I've been having such a blast in the X9 League. It's full of amazing players, amazing people. And I really don't want it to end. I want it to continue. Let me know down below. No, send some positive vibes down below. Send some luck down below. Just send some luck, anything, anything. Just send luck down below and we might squeeze in. And if we have, we know it's down to your help. And also let me know what your thoughts are on today's game. Because it would be really great to hear how you've thought the battle went. Thank you so much as always for tuning in. We'll be back on the channel soon with more action. If we do make the playoffs, I'll do a quick update video just to let you know the final standards. Who's through what is next in the X9 League and we'll wrap up there. Really good games to Rose once again. And I will see you all for another episode very soon. Until then, take care. Bye-bye.


I am Milka Jagle, working as assistant professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering, Walsham Institute of Technology, Solapor. Today, we are going to learn about sensors. At the end of this session, learners will be able to identify various types of sensors. So these are the contents for today's presentation. So these are the various types of sensors and we are going to see the various types of sensors which we found in our day-to-day life. So let us define what is a sensor. According to the Instrument Society of America, sensors can be defined as a device which provides a usable output in response to a specified measurement or it can also be defined as an element which subjected to some physical change experiences a relative change or when input is physical quantity and output is electrical then it can be called as a sensor. So here you can see the block where the physical parameter is converted into electrical output that is when the input is physical quantity and the output is electrical quantity then that can be called as a sensor. So what type of sensors we should use? There is a certain criteria on which the sensors can be selected. So the criteria are the accuracy, environmental condition, usually has a limits for temperature and humidity, the range that is measurement limit of a sensor and the calibration which is essential for most of the measuring devices as the readings change with time to time. So for every sensor calibration is one of the important aspect that should be taken into consideration. So now I want you to pause the video and just think about what are the different types of sensors you come across in your day-to-day life. For example, temperature sensor that is thermometer, flow sensor that is orifice meter or venturi meter or pitot tube. So list down the various sensors that you come across. Further we are going to discuss about what are the various sensors. So just list down those sensors. So first temperature sensor is a thermocouple. So as we see a thermocouple is made up of wires which form a measuring junction by one end. This measuring junction is open to the elements being measured and the other end of the wire is terminated to a measuring a reference junction is formed. The current flows through the circuit since the temperature of the two junctions are different. Figure one shows the thermocouple where there are two junctions that is cold junction and hot junction. The two wires that is wire of type A and wire of type B. The next temperature sensor is thermistor. They are another kind of thermal resistor where a large change in resistance is proportional to small change in temperature. Figure two shows the thermistor. The next type of sensor is a torque sensor. Torque sensor torque transducer or torque meter is a device for a measuring and recording the torque on a rotating system such as engine, crankshaft, gearbox, transmission, rotor, a bicycle crank or cap torque tester. The torque is relatively very easy to measure. A torque sensor or transducer converts torque into electrical signal. The strain gauge is bonded to a beam or structural member that deforms when a torque or force is applied. The deflection induces a stress that changes its resistance. A withstone bridge converts the resistance change into calibrated output signal. Figure number three shows the torque sensors which are used to measure the torques. The next type of sensor is a flow sensors. The flow rate sensor measures the velocity of water in studying the discharge, flow patterns and sediment transport of a stream or a river. The type of fluid flow meters are orifice, venturis, nozzles, rotameters, pitot tubes, calorometrics, turbine, vortex, electromagnetic, Doppler, ultrasonic and thermal. Figure number four and five shows the flow rate sensor and a rotameter which are used to measure the flow rate. The next type of sensor is infrared sensors. This device emits and detects infrared radiations to sense a particular phase in the environment. Generally, the thermal radiation is emitted by all objects in the infrared spectrum. The infrared sensor detects this type of radiation which is not visible to human eye. The advantages of infrared sensors are they are easy for interfacing and readily available in the market. The disadvantages are they get disturbed by the noses in the surrounding such as radiations and ambient lights etc. Figure number six shows infrared sensor. The next type of sensor we will see is ultraviolet sensor. The sensors measures the intensity or power of incident ultraviolet radiation. This form of electromagnetic radiation has wavelength longer than x-rays but is still shorter than visible radiation. An active material known as polycrystalline diamond is being used for reliable ultraviolet sensing. Ultraviolet sensors can discover the exposure of environment to ultraviolet radiation. Figure number seven shows ultraviolet sensor. Magnetic field sensor. Magnetic field sensors are used for power steering, security and current measurements on transmission lines. Figure number eight shows magnetic field sensor. Similarly the figure number nine also shows the magnetic field sensor. Ultrasonic sensors. The ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using ultrasonic sound waves. An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and receive ultrasonic pulses that they rely back information about an object's proximity. Figure number six and seven shows ultrasonic sensors. The next type of sensor is a force sensor. Force sensors use load cells to weigh objects and prevent machinery from overloading. Force sensors are load cells transducers that convert force into measurable electrical outputs. The force sensors are majorly electronic equipments whose material can be force sensing register. Generally the working principle of force sensor is that they respond to the applied load and weigh and then transforms them into quantifiable output. Figure number eight shows load cell sensors whereas figure number nine shows force sensors. These are the applications of sensors in various fields that is shock detection, machine monitoring applications, vehicle dynamics, low power applications, structural dynamics, medical aerospace, nuclear instrumentation as pressure sensor in mobiles that is touch key pad, lamps which brighten or dim on touching its base and the finally that is touch sensitive buttons in the elevator. There are many applications which are using sensors but for time being we are we have jotted down just these applications. These are the references the book by Bolton, book by Shetty and Coke and book Mahalik by Tata McGraw-Hills. Thank you.