So upon returning to my house today to start moving more, I slipped and fell on the stairs because my prosthetic leg didn't fully get up on the stairs, so I crashed down, twisted my leg in the process, bashed my jaw on the railing, bruised my cheek. We are off to a good start, folks. Let's set up the opening moving shot. Step one, leg off, because I'm not gonna fit in this moving box with it on. How am I supposed to step in the moving box without a leg? We improvised, that's how. That'll work. Hello there, my beautiful, lovely night friends. Welcome back to my channel. For the fourth time in the last year and a half, I am going to have to move, and I wanna talk about why. I also wanna give you guys a little home tour and bring you along for some of it because this is not something that I had planned long in advance. It is also something that is very difficult given my physical situation. My physical situation. I love implying it like it's not just vastly obvious. What am I doing? What am I doing with my life? All right, let's talk about it. But first, a quick word from our lovely sponsor. Hi, sorry, didn't mean to interrupt, but I need to for just a moment because I wanted to give a big thank you to our sponsor today, Thread Up. The season of pumpkin spice lattes and cozy sweaters is upon us, and I'm very excited to share with you some new wardrobe pieces from Thread Up, which is an online consignment and thrift store. So before Thread Up reached out to me, I had never personally used them before, but I knew friends who had recommended it to me, so I tried them out. I absolutely love them. I got these five different outfits for the colder weather, except for one really pretty dress that I just had to buy. So these are three of the sweaters that I got through Thread Up. I absolutely love the style and quality of each of these. This delightful pink sparkly one is from White House Black Market. I got it for $15.60, which is crazy affordable compared to what you're gonna see in stores. I also got this Club Monaco sweater. Same color, I actually didn't mean to do that. Apparently I love this color. This was just $32.50. This minty green Ralph Lauren sweater, I got for just $19.50. And oh my gosh, I absolutely adore this dress. It makes me feel so classy and pretty, I actually wore it recently on a date that I went to at a museum.  That's what classy museum ladies wear. Don't question me on that. And okay, this pattern is not one that I would normally wear, but I saw it online. The dress was literally under $10. So I thought, what the heck, let me give it a shot. Absolutely loved it. I wore it out on a night with friends recently and felt so fancy and different because I don't usually do bold colors or patterns, but this was super fun to wear. For me, it was kind of fun to experiment with different styles, things I might not normally purchase, but wanted to give a shot. And this is a website I will definitely be using in the future for clothing shopping because A, I found amazing things there, but B, it's a much more sustainable way to shop than buying new, fast fashion or anything like that. They have all different kinds of clothing styles. You name it, they probably happen. So check it out. If you use the code JOE at checkout, you will get 40, 40% off your first order. A huge thank you to Thread Up. You can check out these picks and similar ones. Make sure that you are using code JOE for 40% off your first order and let's get back into it.  Don't go for a drive? Get care. Let's take a little moving break for a second here. Get cozy. I forgot my coffee. Coffee, coffee, coffee, coffee, coffee. You know, I said I don't have a thing for this color in the ad read, but everything in my new house is this color. Maybe I'm just lying to myself. I just realized that this is the first time I sat down to like condense and talk about, hey, here's why I'm moving, but it's actually, it's really good, but it's been a very difficult thing for me. I've lived in the same city with a break of about 13, 14 months. Since I was 10 years old, I don't think of Colorado Springs as like my hometown or anything like that. I had a lot of negative associations with the place for a very long time, but it has been home. And I talked about leaving a lot, but I never pulled the trigger on it. And I finally did. So why did I have to move? A few months ago, I realized that I was very unhappy pretty much everything in my life. Not like drowning in despair, but I just felt so stuck and frustrated with what I was doing for work, the things that I was doing daily. Even people I didn't have a reason to be frustrated with. I was just so done and grumpy and angry and stuck. And I spent some time trying to dive in and think about that. And it didn't take long for me to come to the realization that I needed a real change. About a year and a half ago, I got divorced. And I had been in that relationship for the majority of my adult life since I was 21. So everything in that city and a lot of the people that I knew, a lot of the relationships, the places that I would go just memories in general were all in that place, right? And I toughed it out for a year and a half, but in all honesty, it is hard. God divorce is hard. Different video for a different time, right?  But why would I leave, right? You can get over bad unpleasant memories. And yes, you absolutely can. But I realized I had the option to be able to move to a completely different city I have never lived in before. And the timing was kind of like, why wouldn't I write? The only reason would be fear of the unknown change. Very legitimate concerns, by the way. And I was very scared to move somewhere as a single disabled woman with two big dogs. I kind of have a system for everything at my old place and my old life. I have people in place and services in place and all of that. And here I don't have the vast majority. Also, as a side note, I'm not gonna talk about where I moved in Colorado, but I am still in state. It's funny because I'm gonna go off on a little philosophical ramble here for a moment, but as long as I have lived in the springs past the age of about 20, I've wanted to leave the place. There were so many bad things that occurred to me there. A lot of trauma, a lot of bad memories. I'm even talking like outside the major relationship that I was in. There was a lot of stuff that occurred there that was just hard to have the weight of around all the time. And you can absolutely live with that. You can rewrite the story. You can make the place your own. And I did that in so many ways. But I reached a point where it just felt so heavy all of the time and was seeping into everything. And I kind of thought if I don't leave now, it's not that I never would. But I almost wonder if I would just stay comfortable even if it wasn't something that was good for me. And as I have done with many decisions, and I'll talk about this more in the next video, next week where I'm talking about making like life-changing hard decisions, like cutting my leg off or moving cities, things like that. When I am faced with something major like that, I usually agonize about it for quite some time and then just make a decision and I stick with that decision. And that's what I did here. I had one conversation with a close person in my life and was like, I think it's the place I live. I don't wanna be here anymore and I haven't wanted to be here for a while and it's complicating things and I just don't feel good. But I wouldn't leave because of this, this and that and realizing that the reasons I had to stay, the reasons that I was scared to leave were all things that could be dealt with, that could be addressed. I said, okay, I'm gonna do it. I told it to one person. I found a place to live, signed the lease and started the process of leaving. Sometimes I still struggle to talk about this aspect of it because it feels vulnerable and weird, especially in the last few years, in the last year. I've realized how very difficult it is to live life as an amputee. I'm not like pity farming there, but there are facets of my life that are very exhausting that take a lot more energy, that cause a lot of physical pain, that are just difficult to live with and I'm good. I can handle it, but sometimes it's a lot and there's also a lot of fear. Living in a society that's not really built for me, understanding that I will always need a little bit more help than the average person. It's really freaky to think that I can do this on my own. Maybe I won't be able to forever, but right now I can and so why not try it? I don't want to let fear of all the what ifs paralyze me from making a decision that would be better for my mental health. And two nights ago was the first night I spent up here and I went to go get stuff from the grocery store and I was almost in tears that like I'm not, I'm not driving past so many places that are like stocked with memories. I'm not running into the same people though they're lovely people, right? Like I'm, it's different. I actually did this. I'm actually taking a step in my life that's good for me. I don't wanna make moving sound like a bigger emotional thing that it is, it feels like a lot to me. I think it's a lot to a lot of people, but here I am. I have moved in to a tiny, tiny little home that has a big backyard for the dogs, which is why I rented it. Prices are just, has anyone been trying to rent lately in any state? It's so very expensive, but I sold a bunch of stuff. I donated a lot more stuff because this is crazy downsizing. And now I get to live in what I'm pretty sure is a converted garage. I'm pretty sure. I didn't say that in the listing, but looking at the layout, pretty sure. And I'll give you guys a quick tour in just a second. It's not moved in, but you can get the general layout. It's a new little adventure, right? It's something different. It works well enough for accessibility. All the major doorways, except for like the bathroom I can access with my wheelchair on days when it is painful to walk. It is entirely one level where the other house I had, I still had to deal with stairs. And the thought of not having to walk up and down stairs every time coming home, oh my God is amazing. It's one of those things that's just, it's just painful enough and just uncomfortable enough and just enough like extra energy on bad leg days that I am thrilled to just be on one level. And now I get to start a new life, right? Not like a brand new life. I'm still the same person. I still will maintain the same friendships, all of that. But I have a chance to build something different. And I am very excited about that. Also a little scared. I'm pretty sure that once I'm done with all the busy work of moving, I'm gonna have at least a couple days of like let down, maybe treat myself to an emotional breakdown. And by that, I mean just like cry because it is a lot of change and there is a lot of letting things go, but it feels right. So why not? I'm gonna give it a shot. Hope that it goes well. Okay, so let's take a quick home tour. I just realized in reviewing the footage that as I was sitting here, I didn't straighten this out. If anyone clicked off the video because of that, I understand. So the main moving day hasn't come yet, but I still have gotten pretty settled in. I feel like there are two different kinds of people when it comes to moving. Some people have boxes in their garage in their house for a very long time. Awesome. I can't stand that for me personally. I cannot stand seeing things that are like undone. So I get settled the second I get here Sophie's been a big help except, except I do wanna expose one crime. And when I left for about an hour, she did something she has never done, ever. Took a little nibble on the door frame. This beautiful baby girl gets a little anxious sometimes. Do you get anxious? Yeah. Which is strange because even as a puppy, she never destroyed things. I think she's felt a lot like the stress. It happens. I too went to chew on walls sometimes. Welcome to the bathroom. You will find bathroom here. Yeah, I used to be a real estate agent. You could say I'm pretty good at home tours. It's, yeah, it's a bathroom. Also, I tried something new and I think it looks a little weird. I painted my wall because it's like, oh, this is cool and different and matches all the pink that I have over here. But it just looks a little odd. I'm gonna put, I'm gonna put paintings up, get my dining room moved in and see what I think. I have a little office-y area. Obviously not moved in just yet. And then the bedroom, which I also painted. I actually really, I really like this. I was at Home Depot and kind of bored and I was like, let me, let me try something new. I think it's kind of fun and different and my bed spread is green, so it matches. And that is the full home tour, guys. It's pretty tiny. It's like 700 square feet. But honestly, I'm kind of excited about that. Like I said, it's forced me to get rid of literally everything I do not absolutely want and need. I think it'll be very cozy for the three of us. Also, Leo is at his foster parents. He is still a puppy and takes a lot more attention and kind of training than Sophie does. So she's chilling with me. He's having a grand time chilling with some friends at his foster parents' house. And in a couple of days, I'll pick him up and we'll get settled here. I'm really excited to be here and see what life brings when I'm here and process some of the emotions that I'm sure are coming. I will say that moving has physically been so, so very demanding. Leg pain is very high, but I've kind of just decided to deal with it until I'm actually here and then I'll spend some time resting, being off of it, but it's kind of, it's very difficult to move on crutches or in a wheelchair when you're doing a lot of moving yourself. Thank you again to Thread Up for sponsoring today's video. Check out the link down below for 40% off your first order. I will be living in the sweater any chance I get. And with that, friends, I'm gonna keep packing and keep moving for the rest of the day. Thank you so much for taking a few minutes out of your day to watch the video. A big thank you as always to my beautiful patron members. Thank you for your generosity and to you watching this video right now. Thank you for spending a few minutes out of your day here with me today. Checking out my new little place. You could be anywhere else in the world doing anything else, but you chose to hang out with me for a few minutes and I really appreciate that. I love you, I'm thinking about you guys and I will see you in the next video. Bye guys. Let me say bye. There she is. Talking to the microphone. Oh no, she just wants cuddles. She just wants cuddles, that's okay. That's okay. She has become so clingy and so needy, which I don't mind. I love shepherds because they're so clingy, but this is at an all time high because she's dressed out. So I'm giving her lots of love and lots of attention. You want to say bye? Bye guys. Yeah.


So one of the terms that everyone is talking about now that you'll certainly hear if you're in the cancer world is this term NGS. What does NGS mean? What NGS stands for is next generation sequencing. But it's used with a lot of different terms, right? So if somebody says, have you done molecular testing on your tumor? Have you done genomic profiling on your tumor? Have you checked for targetable or actionable mutations? This is all in the same bucket of this NGS concept. And this concept is an extremely important one. And let me tell you why. Because when we look at cancers, a lot of times the first thing patients want to know is, well, what kind of cancer is it? And you have an idea of kind of how that cancer behaves, right? Prostate cancer is kind of a different reaction than pancreatic cancer. And the reason is, is because they do behave in similar ways. So the way we treated it for that reason was generalizing them by their tumor type, right? And the chemotherapy regimens were saying, hey, we know the behaviors of some cancers like lung or ovarian are different than the behaviors of prostate or other things, colon cancer. The way you think of it when it relates to chemotherapy and doing it by the place where the cancer originated is like in a grocery store, right? You have different aisles. And you have an aisle that basically has, you know, your flour and baking soda and stuff. I don't do too much cooking. But then you have an idea of that versus the aisle, which has all of your drinks, for example, and your juices. Each aisle is kind of where the cancer originated. What NGS and molecular testing is, is looking at, let's see if there's something more specific on the aisle itself. So you're looking at the actual, you know, jar of pickles rather than being on the entire aisle. And that is a level of far more basically detail when it relates to a cancer than it is in a generalized chemo way. Now, is chemo necessary? Absolutely. Especially in the curative sense, it's very effective because it helps kill cells that replicate fast by basically poisoning the process of replication. But targeted and molecular therapies are extremely promising because they help especially in those stage four and metastatic settings. When you have cancer basically, that's in multiple places. So how do you attack something in multiple places when obviously you have good tissue there as well, right? Surgery, radiation, all of those things are great for one area, but you can't radiate the whole body. You can't resect the whole body. Molecular therapy targets the drivers. That's another term that help these cancers grow and replicate. If we can see which of those on switches or tools that our normal cells have that your whole life, your normal cells use to sometimes have to grow a little bit more. If you're like running or doing a marathon in certain muscles versus, you know, be chill, these cancers manipulate those with mutations and they get stuck on an on position. One of the ways that we learned this in a big way was with HER2 positive breast cancer. These cancers were super aggressive and they just like grew really fast, right? And it was because of this HER2 switch that was the tool. Well, guess what? There's all of these drugs that now attack specifically the mechanism which made that cancer so bad to begin with. And now we see amazing complete remissions and almost to the point of expectation when we target that specific, you know, driver, that driver mutation. When you are sequencing your tumor, what they're doing is taking basically that tissue that you have, that pathologist looked, stained it, saw kind of where it came from, and then you send it off. Almost every health insurance company will cover this. And a lot of the sequencing places will actually, you know, pay for it in a stage four setting if you have difficulty paying.  Then in 10 to 14 days when they've really split that, you know, tissue up and say, okay, it has this, it has that. Hey, here are all of the FDA approved therapies that we know with trials because we thought we found the target. We think we know that HER2 is something that's driving it. We think we attacked it effectively. And then we did trials to say, sure enough, it works. You'll get a list usually with the FDA approved therapies. The challenging thing that keeps me up as an oncologist is there's a whole bunch of other ones that right now drugs are being studied. And in some circumstances extremely effective that aren't FDA approved. That is also available on most all NGS sequencing or genomic profiling. When you have that, that is when you have truly all of the options on what exists that can help treat my tumor. That's why at XCURES, what we want to do is regardless of where you live, we want to be able to take all of those, you know, mutations that potentially could help control your cancer and use AI technology to query what are all the things under investigation as well as FDA approved that may relate to attacking that tumor specifically. It's a free service that basically enables the patient as well as the doctor to know the things that are quote-unquote under investigation or even in the long-term way, see and identify the mutations that need to be studied in the future for our kids, right, and the people generations before. If there's mutations that keep you from having a therapy be effective, you can recognize that only when you find a bunch of different people that says, aha, let's spare them those six weeks of seeing if it works because we know now that somehow makes that therapy not work. All of this is extremely important. It's the way we're going basically in the future with cancer therapies. And if you have not gotten your NGS or genomic profiling, strongly consider talking to your oncologist about it. And if you want to be able to query all the drugs under investigation, then XCURES.com will provide that for you under the patient portal, which we included the link below.


This is the first tutorial that we're going to explore Python. In particular, we're going to explore the data types of numbers and texts, some variables, and some lists. So let's get stuck into it. Hey crew, it's The Surfing Scratcher here, teacher-surfer programmer, and on this channel I help curious learners just like you along on your learning journeys. This video is a continuation from our From Scratch to Python series, where we started with the Scratch project and we're converting it now into a Python project. So to kick off, let's explore the data types. So over here in the left hand pane, I've just got our Scratch project editor, and you see I've got our variables and our lists here. If I click on these reporter blocks, you'll see that we get a data type, and this data type is a number. And if I click on say text output, you can see we get a text data type. Now in Python, text is actually called string. So I just want you to get familiar with that language, a string. Numbers are just numbers. There are different types of numbers in Python. There's actually two. There's one that's called an int, and an int is an integer, and integers are just whole numbers, and they can also be negative numbers as well. There's a different type of number, and it's called a float. And a float is just a decimal. So 9.0 is actually a float, like 9.1 is. And these can also be negative numbers. Okay. To test that out, I'm just going to go down here in the Python console here. I'm going to type the function type, and just put two brackets there, or parentheses. And I can put the number 9.0 in there and click enter, and see how it tells me that it's a float. Now if I press up on the keyboard, it'll just bring that back. And if I go in and delete that .0 now, and I click enter, you can see that we've got a class of int.  So we've just split what we know about numbers into two kinds of numbers, an int and a float. Now I don't want these lines of code to execute, so I'm just going to comment them out just so you can still see them. The next thing I want to talk about is a string. So a string is just a text value. So surfing, scratcher, let's turn that into a string. And the way that you turn text values into strings in Python, and most other programming languages for that matter, is you put them inside double quotes here. So you can use the double quote, or I'm just going to duplicate that line, and you can also put them inside single quotes here. Now this has turned it into a string, and we can just go back down into our console here, and let's get that type function back. I'm just going to paste in surfing, scratcher, and click enter. And you can see that we get the class str, and str is just the shorthand for a string. So strings are pretty important, and we're using both of these data types throughout our project. Now if you want a string to extend over multiple lines, what you'd need to do is put three quotes there. So you can see I've got three quotes now, and the color of our variables and lists here, you can see that they've turned into the string color. If I click enter and I put in three more quotes, as you can see, we've just got our comments back, and anything that I put inside of here, so anything I put inside becomes a string, and that happens over multiple lines as well. So the key questions and the key takeaways is how can you create a string in Python, and what's the difference between an int and a float number in Python? Okay, so we've covered numbers and strings, but on their own, they're not really that useful. What we need to do is find a way to store them. Remember, storing them is a way for the computer when our program runs to be able to remember what we're doing, and that's what variables and lists do. You know that we've got variables and lists in Scratch, and a quick refresher is that a variable is used to store a data type. So to store a text value, or to store an int value or a float value. And over in Scratch, we've got lists that are basically multi-line variables. Now variables work exactly the same in Python, so I can write the variable colon position, and I can assign it a number. So let's just check what the value of colon position is over here, is equal to six, and you can see here, I've used this equal sign as an assignment. Okay, so whenever I want to make colon position, the name of this variable equal to something, we assign it by a single equal sign. Okay, now if I go and click and run this project, and in the console, I ask what is colon position here? It says it's equal to six. Oh, cool. So what you can go ahead and do is you can assign it different values as well. So let's make it 10, and let's just check the value of it. Cool, it's now equal to 10. Just like in Scratch, how you can assign either text or numbers to a variable, you can do the same thing in Python as well. So let's assign a text value to colon position. Let's make colon position equal to the text colon position, and we'll just check that value now. There we go. Now we get the string colon position. Now I'm not going to go into the full ins and outs of a string. You can jump onto YouTube and check out some other tutorials on that. We're just going to continue to press through to convert our Scratch project into this Python project here, and you'll sort of learn some aspects of strings and numbers along the way. Okay, let's check out the last comment here, and we want to talk about lists. So recall that in Scratch, a list is really just a whole group of variables grouped by an index, a number, a position in that list. So here we've got a list called lines, and in position one in lines, we've got a text value. You can see here we've got a string, you could even say. Okay, and we've got 10 items in our lines list. Now over in Python, we kind of combine the variables in lists. So see how we have assigned the number 6 to colon position? Well, we do something similar for a list in Python. So if we want to create a lines list, we need to type lines, and we need to assign to it a new list. And the way that we can assign a new list is just by using two square brackets. This is now a list. To check that out, let's run the program, and down here we'll get the type function back out, and let's type in the lines, and let's check its type. Its type is now a list. Now there are lots of other types of ways to sequence values in Python that we're not going to get into in this series. We're just going to focus solely on lists here. Now usually when you start up a new program, you're going to use some what's called dummy data. Eventually we want our Python program to read the same text file that we're using here in our Scratch program. And if you're not sure what that is, I'll get that up on the screen just now. You can see here that we've got a text file called lines.text, and we've got all the lines that we want to spell. And remember that common position, that variable, is the value of the position in that line, the common position in that line. So what we're going to do, rather than reading this file straight away, because that's a little bit trickier, we're going to create a list. It's a good opportunity to learn about lists. So what I'm going to do now is open up this file, this text file. I'll just double click it. You can see that we've opened up a text editor here. And I'm actually just going to copy all these lines, and then close down the text editor. Let's jump back over to Replet. And then what I'm going to do is just give ourselves some space here. So I'm going to click Enter once. You can see it's put that angle bracket on the same line of indentation as lines. And we're kind of in one indentation here. My indentation level is set to four. So what I'm going to do now is I'm going to hit Command V, or Control V for Windows, and paste in that list. Whoa, okay, that's looking pretty gnarly. What I'm going to do is select all that text where I've got up to Bath, and I'm going to hit Tap. So now it's all on the same line. But there's going to be a huge problem if we click and run this already. And I wonder if you already know what that problem's going to be. But let's just check it out just so you can see.  In the file main.py at line 18, which is here, saying dash colon, should you try and make a dash for the car? We've got an invalid syntax. Okay, so the console is telling us here that we've got an error here, a syntax error. Do you know what this error is? To give you a hint, we've covered it already in this tutorial of what all these should be. Well, we want all these values to be strings, but they're not yet. We need to do something special to convert them into strings. They need to be wrapped in quotes. So what I'm going to do is select the whole line here. And the cool thing in Replet is if you select the whole line and you press the quote button, it will wrap it in single quotes. But our job isn't done yet. What we need to do is get to the end of the line and we need to put a comma there. And that will just signify that, hey, this is the first item in our list. I can do the same for our second line here.  To spare you the pain of watching me do that for all of them, I'm just going to go through and do that now. And I want you to do the same if you're following along with me. So I've just gone through and magic that. And the last thing I'm going to do here is I'm going to change the name of our variable and make our lines variable all uppercase here. And the reason I'm doing that is this refers to a constant. And a constant means that I don't intend to change this as a variable. Like it's going to stay the same. Once I've said it, I don't want to change it. Of course, I could still change it, but it's just best practice. If you make things uppercase and you would have seen that in some of my scratch tutorials, if you've been following me through the journey, that is just to signify to other people that, hey, this is just going to remain the way it is. Now if I click and run this project, and I type that variable down here into the console, you can see that it outputs our list here of lines, which is exactly what we're looking for. I'm just going to clear that console and I'm going to introduce you to a neat little function that we can use to call on lists, to check the size of them. This function is called len. And we can call len to figure out the length of the thing that we passed to it. And the thing we're passing to it is lines. I'll click enter. And it says that we have 10 there. We can do the same thing for strings. We can see the length of the string serving scratcher and it outputs the in value of 17. I just want to finish up this tutorial mentioning one big gotcha that is sure to trip you up at some point. And that is the difference between single quotes and double quotes. Let's just say you want to have a string value that is possessive. That could be something like dot's bone because dot is a dog. But we've got a problem here because we've got an apostrophe here with a single quote. So that's going to be a problem because our string value is actually just dot and we've got this S bone that's hanging off the edge here. And that's no good for us. So the way that we can go to get around that is to cut that and insert them inside of the double quotes here. So we can use a single quote as many as we like in a side because we're using double quotes. So more often than not, you'll find me using double quotes just for this. There is another way that we can go about that. If you are hell bent on using the single quotes there, you can use what's called an escape value. So you could use a backward slash and then escape the character that you're wanting to include and then continue on writing that and then finish it up. But that's a little bit trickier and we're not going to get too much into these escaping. But I just wanted to share it with you. The rule of thumb for now is let's just use double quotes for strings. All right, congratulations. You should now have a Python file with some lines and all of the lines of text that we're going to read. In the next tutorial, we're going to unpack this set column position in line. We're going to write out first function with all these variables. Explore some looping as well. There's lots to cover. We're going to hit the ground running and I can't wait to see you in it. So until then, I'm off to find a wave. I'll catch you in the next one.


This study aims to develop accurate landslide maps using machine learning methods such as Artificial Neural Network ANN, Support Vector Machines, SVM, Random Forest, RF, and Deep Learning Convolution Neural Networks, CNNs. The authors used optical data from the RapidEye satellite and topographic factors to analyze the potential of these methods for landslide detection in the highly landslide-prone Razowa district in Nepal. They created 20 different maps using ANN, SVM, RF, and different CNN instantiations and compared their results with extensive fieldwork through mean intersection over union MIU, and other common metrics. The study found that the small window-sized CNN using spectral information only achieved the best result of 78.26% MIU. However, the authors concluded that CNNs do not automatically outperform ANN, SVM, and RF, and their performance strongly depends on their design, input window sizes, and training strategies. The study suggests that deep learning can improve landslide mapping in the future if the effects of different designs are better understood, enough training samples exist, and the effects of augmentation strategies to artificially increase the number of existing samples are better understood. This article was authored by Omid Gorbanzadeh, Thomas Blashk, Khalil Golania, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


over to you. I am going to unmute so thank you Leon for this nice introduction and welcome indeed everybody so today well we have our our colleagues from Vietnam going to present and share their their works with us they will present their improved motivation and ability their MOTA framework for agricultural transformation innovation in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. I have understood that Khun is currently in Paris on a train but he is working on this together with his colleagues Luan Tu and Bin. I would propose that well one of them takes the stage I do not know who is going to take the lead for this presentation now and if they have a presentation sharing abilities to share their screen I'm looking now at Leon on the other side I probably need to do that. Yeah thank you Yap I'm Luan and I will take the lead in the presentation can I share my screen yes you can if you have that ability then of course if participants have questions for Luan and I would propose that we wait until he finished his presentation and then by raising hands via the zoom tool we can give people words accordingly or you could share a question maybe in the chat box with that said Luan yeah can you see my screen now yes we can thank you very much yeah can I start yes please yeah thank you everybody for joining our webinar so this case is a briefing of our work on improving a tool to analyze agricultural transformation in which we try to make it fit to the complex social system so our work starts with a very classic paradigm which is the diffusion of innovation in which agricultural transformation understood as a linear process starting from innovation itself and then we have some early adopters and when the adopters reach a critical mass by the work of extension service and then the innovation will take off and we have a transformation on a large scale so what impact in this paradigm is a linear way to understand about transformation and it's best described by the S curve here you see at the bottom left of the screen so the transformation start by the innovation and then when after early adoption reach a critical mass and then you do have a mass adoption of the innovation so the paradigm is very successful in some historical case and but it also we see some critics because like the critics that it to promote the individualism in transformation even though you know you see in the the compartment the many elements of diffusion innovation you see the the social system and so on the communication channel but it's still very individualism and like it looked of a transformation system as a it's a compartment with it's all wrong and it missed the how the complex how complex the system is and for that it usually missed to comprehend the the context of the transformation next we see the agricultural treadmill we see that this is a derivative of the diffusion of innovation so they are similar in that they promote the idea of individual individualism in uh agricultural transformation so if you are on the treadmill uh there are one single rule that uh you you have to follow that uh is that you better run with the advice if your run is slower or you you you stop then you withdraw our treadmill and uh this uh uh so uh this fits very well to uh the agricultural transformation in uh in in in the west uh country like uh when uh farmer they incapable farmer they they fail to to catch up with the innovation and uh they uh they they become less efficient and they will drop out of the sector and later they will join uh the the industry or the service sector uh this uh happened in the history of uh the west country like america or uh european country so um uh the the treadmill uh promote the idea of uh efficiency in uh agricultural sector like uh uh so for example while you have one park sale plan uh you want to get the best out of it or if you fail to do so uh you will drop out of the the the the business agricultural business and you give land to uh another couple uh the other capable farmers and uh those uh capable farmers uh they can uh innovate uh they can uh turn the market and they will take up land and become uh large farmer and uh you see the result of the treadmill in the west uh country now like uh you got a very large farmer with a very large land vast land landscape of a large land unlike in developing uh uh country you see a very small land very heterogeneous landscape with a small owner um so that uh the story of the the treadmill in uh develop uh society but uh does uh it hone in uh uh developing uh society like in vietnam or african country featured by uh vast majority of small owner uh we uh so you see in the first photo uh that uh it's not relevant to the agricultural sector but uh uh within this uh very relevant it's a photo of a migrant uh so in every uh holiday the year and the year and holiday they they travel back home from the urban area uh uh so uh we uh we did try that uh uh uh and uh uh there's a a leakage uh effect of uh the school of uh optimal management uh in uh agriculture uh agricultural sector uh optimal optimal management target uh efficiency like uh you you want to drop out you want uh in uh incapable farmer or weak farmer to drop out of the the business uh so uh so that uh capable farmer can uh can check up the land and uh and gain more on the the the tech up uh park sale of land but there is a a leakage uh effect like uh uh for in here in this uh from this school of optimal management uh than that uh leakage effect effect uh has impact on uh uh another system like the urban system now you have uh in uh like in uh in vietnam or you know Ho Chi Minh city uh people from nearby rural area when they are uh previously land-based uh who live on land-based livelihood uh when they they can uh do uh uh agricultural uh activity anymore and they uh they they they will migrate to the city to search uh to do some uh precarious uh livelihood and uh it's also of course uh uh a threat to the security of the urban area which is uh the city is very infrastructure is not uh capable enough of uh the way of uh uh immigrant uh so uh just uh understand about that and i think uh this uh uh this is very popular in any developing uh society and uh it's western there is a western about the um uh is uh the dominant narrative in uh agricultural transformation target uh efficiency does it hold uh or there is dominant narrative whole uh everywhere uh and uh can we ask um um is there any other narrative that uh fits better to develop in society uh and uh we we raise a concern about uh the two uh narrative uh that uh we we we don't like uh deny the uh higher efficiency in the agricultural sector but uh we want to ask if there's another narrative that uh target the uh end up in condition like the institution or the infrastructure that supports small hunter in uh end up small hunter so that they they're more capable of doing what they're doing so that they don't have to migrate to the other to the urban area uh and uh also the the normative concern that's uh totally missed from the higher efficiency narrative uh you know uh in higher efficiency narrative which promotes the role of the role of individual individualism they uh it consider farmers of entrepreneur and as a entrepreneur they have to innovate and so they have to maintain to to survive so they're concerned about the environment or uh the the extra the social cost of uh farming activities uh is not that does not fit into the entrepreneur model um and uh these two uh the the concern about the end up in condition and the concern about the normative aspect of uh transformation is uh are the two entry points for us to navigate our our later research so this is uh how we can integrate these two entry into the MOTA framework so um so normally uh Quan has to introduce the MOTA framework for you but uh he's like busy now so I will very briefly introduce the the MOTA framework it's a framework to uh to analyze the farmer such in case of uh agricultural research uh analyze is how researcher to analyze uh the adaptability uh of uh innovation so uh adaptability uh is uh include um like uh many dimension like uh include the two-man dimension uh motivation and ability like uh motivation like uh they uh do do farm a thing uh data by adopting this technology they can improve their profit uh uh does it uh fit the the hydro logical condition in uh their farming area about ability uh like uh are they uh technically uh capable of uh uh adopting such a technology or are they uh financially capable uh so that uh about the the MOTA framework our experience with adopting the MOTA framework in uh in uh agricultural research uh so that uh there are some setbacks uh in uh in the way we uh we use it to uh to understand farmer behavior like uh firstly uh we only use it uh with the focus on farmer at the man agent of uh transformation but uh uh we we think uh we uh uh so agricultural system uh include many actors and uh they they have uh influence on the the transformation of the system and not only farmers uh another aspect of the MOTA framework that uh is uh based on uh resumption about uh rational behavior of farmers uh as i mentioned uh like uh the the the adaptability of farmer is very much controlled by the motivation and ability and uh they based on uh the the the assumption that uh farmer uh has uh ability to to make a rational choice like uh when they hear about the solution or the technology they they can uh balance the the trade off um uh and when they they they adopt the solution they uh and uh and then they can choose uh the option that uh maximize their benefit but uh our experience with uh we're going to interview with the farmer so that the rational choice uh it's not always uh um valid in all in in every case uh we did see that uh farmers uh and uh it's very uh sometimes they are very much uh um like uh they they they the decision is not always uh rational they uh sometimes they're very affect by uh cultural bias and later when uh if we have time we i can give you some example of this uh cultural bias uh in uh um in in in the farmer when uh in in case of Vietnamese and make home delta um cultural bias like uh they um uh they more um that decision is more influenced by the rule uh of the the system they live in uh and uh it's not about individual um rational choice anymore um so uh also uh the more time is uh sometimes uh miss the the the context analysis uh so uh we uh like in miss uh to see the the the the agricultural system in uh in the systemic way uh previously uh um we see that uh the more time promote the idea of uh you know analyze the system uh in like uh analyze it a bit compartment like decision maker farmers uh trader and so on but it's only uh they look at uh each um actor in uh uh like uh uh systematic way like uh like when it doesn't look uh and it means the complexity of of the system uh and uh to explore uh to understand the complexity of the system we recommend that uh the the uh a systemic systemic understanding uh for to see the constraint and uh opportunity uh for uh for for for the intervention uh so uh uh so what uh pretty uh uh the more time uh only are tough on uh pretty analytical analytical choice uh like so because of uh the the characteristics of uh the the government funding in uh vietnam like uh we always start with uh the the solution itself uh we we we rarely have a chance to uh to diagnose for the system to see uh if if the solution fits or is there any uh uh constraint opportunity to promote uh the such uh solution um so that uh why call it a pretty analytical analytical choice and sometimes uh it totally uh uh miss its target and uh stop at uh like on the self uh um research uh it's no uh has no uh social impact um the two last uh setback that uh we think uh we need to improve is uh multi uh target uh quantitative result and has a descriptive aim uh i think uh uh we think that these two uh uh link together like uh uh when you describe uh when you adopt uh when we adopt uh quantitative approach uh for uh social research uh you see that uh their tendency towards uh uh reductionist way to look into uh the the social system and they totally miss the complexity of the system like uh we want to uh to narrow down the scope but it's uh to some uh some major dimension but uh the social system and the agricultural system is very complex you see uh a network of actors everyone of them uh has a role and a relation and the these activities are powered by some rules and informal or formal so uh a reductionist way uh uh promotes by uh uh quantity approach to uh sometimes it's totally miss uh this uh complexity uh and lastly it's have a descriptive aim like uh it will it aim at uh uh describe uh what uh what the system is uh it's not the style with the western life how the system should be uh that's why uh we uh uh and a lot of time it it miss uh the the the the norm the normative concern about uh the the the transformation that we mentioned previously uh so our our suggestion uh for um redesign the MOTA uh and which uh we are also working on now uh manage better uh to address uh these disadvantages uh like uh we propose that uh the MOTA should uh has uh uh suit target a monthly actor uh and uh firstly uh uh it should uh based on the understanding uh the system in a systemic way uh to realize the end up in condition for to the design uh in intervention to promote uh the uh sustainable and just uh transformation and uh it should have uh it should start with uh this descriptive aim rather than descriptive uh like uh to address the normative uh concern of uh this transformation like the the normative about uh concern about inequality and uh environmental cost of uh the transformation so uh um we uh mentioned a lot about the normative uh concern of transformation and this slide uh uh explain uh our idea uh explicitly uh there are two major concerns about the transformation uh including uh the social distribution of uh the of the transformation is it uh uh distributed uh equally uh or somebody else uh worked homogenalized by uh these uh transforming transformation policy and uh and secondly it's about the the distribution of uh externality of uh the transformation like uh is uh anyone uh has to pay for the transformation anyone has to pay so that uh somebody uh can gain from the transformation uh so we suggest that like any uh research into agricultural uh of uh agricultural transformation should start with the two normative western uh like uh who benefit from the transformation and who pay for that uh and uh by asking these normative western uh we uh we can address uh the uh we well um we can address the the the the concern about uh just the transformation transformation that uh um benefit everyone not homogenalize uh anyone uh so the last slide uh some uh some idea for well we we're gonna work you know to to redesign the the the multi so that it can promote uh it can uh analyze uh and uh promote the the the uh sustainable and just a transformation in the agricultural sector we believe that uh uh the multi should uh conduct in a step why why like uh we can uh because the social system is too complex you cannot start with uh uh an operational framework and uh to decide what's in there and go out there to collect quantity data and come up with some uh uh inclusion but it's totally missed the context so uh a step-wide approach uh combining between uh qualitative and uh quantitative is uh a better way to to comprehend comprehend see uh comprehend uh uh to to understand the on one side to explore the complexity of the system uh and uh to uh and uh and uh so uh the the the key point is uh the most important uh step uh like uh like you have to diagnose the system uh first uh to uh to on uh firstly to understand the complexity of the system and uh secondly to to understand the the end of clean condition so that our desire of intervention uh can uh fit uh better to the to the context uh and lastly uh we uh uh so the the multi now is no has no mechanism for uh reflexive uh analysis uh we will we will we can we can have the and uh graphs and understanding about how the system is but uh we don't have have no mechanism to see how the dynamic of the system how it changes over time and uh what's the different between groups and uh here we propose that uh uh to combine the the the um the final data analysis and uh randomized control uh for uh to reflect the evaluation of uh the desire intervention so uh this uh some uh uh uh just a brief frame of what we are doing now uh more will come in uh I think uh later and uh there's some key reference that uh we use for this uh presentation uh about uh agricultural innovation system and uh uh to my college uh we will present uh uh the the the improved mortal framework uh so if if you have any lesson uh maybe uh we can uh start after the presentation are you here yeah thank you so I will say my ring now yes if there are any immediate short questions for one um then maybe we can deal with them now before two is continuing no then I would say uh to please uh please continue hello everyone my name is Tung from the city and uh you hear the presentation of uh that uh in the Muta we are looking the environmental contest in analyzing the transformation and the adoption of uh and innovation and the reason why uh uh the team of ICD are doing to improve the Muta uh in in the sense that we want to improve the application of the Muta in uh in adoption of innovation in the Mekong Delta and uh this is the the the framework developed by Dr. Binh one of our research team uh we're in uh in Vietnam and uh in his bible booklet uh last year uh he analyzed the transformation of our carol system in the Mekong Delta and in his research he he presented to analyze the uh the transformation of our carol system we need to analyze the whole the value chain uh that means we need to analyze the license where the farmer live uh the producer um uh dimension sushi uh result a bit availability or knowledge attitude and we also need to analyze the market drivers in good condition or the our good condition and we also need to analyze uh the policy rival the circular land in the implementation with uh some time to resolve the the farming level and uh we are uh landing to apply this uh into the Muta uh by this and uh as you see in the presentation of Mr. Lin there are no feature of uh environmental content or the setting of uh transformation and there is some why Dr. Binh want to uh ask one more of the rival transformation of the 4b of chain like policy rise like a reducer uh to the the lean between the impact of adoption to uh the ticker by acting uh learning and feedback uh that mean uh the multi the ability of the reducer will affect the perception and then affect the motivation and then it will have to an action of the rebound and then lead to the outcome and uh with the outcome it will impact a different group and musical scale and then uh the impact will affect the whole rival of transformation for example policy or right or late or reducer uh via the learning and feedback and uh we aim to uh apply this kind of uh uh ramp work into a case study in the coastal air of the Mekong Delta by exploring the uh transformation of rise to uh stream or right rim in the coastal yard and uh you can see in the uh in the uh figure that uh the different busway uh from rise to right rim or stream and uh we apply the the developer to understand why some number uh seep from rise to stream and uh some number uh seep to right rim and uh from the jump from make some room rise to a right rim or stream it's also different impact on different style of farm work and then it will affect the adoption or the rejection of uh farmer in the next fight of the the transformation and uh did the another approach that we want to link between the inclusion and innovation theory and the multi-ramp work and uh the theory of diffusion innovation a uh by uh Mr. Lung from City of Four characteristics the part one the innovation the second one is communication channel and the third one is time dimension and the fourth one is a social system and then uh we want to ask before uh characteristic of diffusion innovation into the multi-ramp work that you can see in the right hand of figure and I will explain in more detail uh the character of the theory of diffusion innovation before uh I give a contribution of big kind of theory into the multi-ramp work and uh they mentioned by role you there are four main element of the diffusion innovation the first one is the time dimension uh the second one is the innovation attribute uh the third one is the communication channel and the fourth one is the social system and on the feature will affect the adoption of any innovation and uh among the feature the innovation attribute such as the relative advantage of capability, complexity, credibility, observability, in the main factor that influence the adoption of people and the communication channel are also the factor affects the the adoption of people like via mass media or interpersonal communication and also uh social system which uh will uh last fight into the formal chapter informal social chapter and will determine which kind of adoption uh taken by the farmer for example of no innovation decision or collective innovation decision or authority innovation decision uh that mean the adoption is uh conducted or authorized by the authority and uh then we put on for the future into the the wrap book in the right hand side uh we can see in the multi-ramp work we don't have the the social system and we don't have the communication channel and also the link between the outcome and the chica also not clarifying in detail and uh in this framework um we uh listed on of the five car third innovation they mentioned before like relative advantages and uh observability and so on so it will help the wrap work can be uh um applied more easily but we we know which kind of perception we should measure or analyze and uh according to the theory uh the relative event the car third of the innovation can have plans for 49 to 87 percent of the variant of the right adoption innovation so the one of the main rival of adoption and also the social system and communication channel are very important especially in the in the context of now because the dissemination of agricultural innovation many organizations in the department of agriculture and rural development and it belong in agency and also people committee or farm association and union and rural women union and uh it's by uh all the scholars the social network also like very important role in the adoption of any innovation because also into an order factor like a set of information or markets already or subsidized and the self-de-net of farmers and depending on the different adoption the social network of uh a person or the formal network can have a immortal role in the adoption and uh the third one that we have to verify the link between the outcome of the trigger because not only the in the motor we analyze the impact of the adoption on the trigger but we think that the impact of adoption could also be on the whole system for example the trigger the ability and also the communication channel because by over time there are more people involved or adopt the innovation then it will affect the communication channel and also the structure of the social and then it will in turn affect the adoption and uh it can land for the right adoption over time why some people after adoption they live uh the implementation and uh with the uh soft um presentation on what we are learning to improve the motor thank you very much thank you also too um and luan if you might be able to see there have been some questions posed in the in the chat box um and maybe luan you could give an uh an answer also to uh well i i want to say a question by joana but it is leon of course that wrote the question in the box so interesting ideas and concepts more fit to study agricultural transformations with all the limitations of mota for these types of processes why do you still want to work with mota as a starting point what is useful about mota for studying or monitoring or support transformations so maybe it's a it's a it's a question to the whole vietnam team and maybe also in a further response to the whole team of the project yeah leon hi am i yeah you are a mute queen yeah thank you you want to uh answer this go like uh uh i'm going you you want to answer you want to address this question you you you can go first okay you you can go first oh yeah okay yeah thanks leon i'm sorry everyone turning a bit difficult enough in the in the station yeah um yeah thanks leon for the question uh actually we um i think we in this study we still based of course on on developing uh mota so uh i think um what what we've been working on especially over the last uh last term i think we uh we didn't have enough time to to go really more on that theoretical uh aspect uh especially uh looking at also more um behaviors related to uh topic and i think in this one leon presented we wanted to supply more uh yeah to develop more uh inside on that at at a theoretical one what is really uh resemble uh behind the motivations or especially the the motivations and uh at the same time we'll so look at a bit picture picture as at the framework which is two is presented where we try to link the motor with the uh agricultural transformations and and especially the innovations aspect so because um example as you see in in some picture we have the rise stream model which we call it kind of innovations um uh practice in the make home data because it's a multiple benefit but uh but yeah so so how this can link to to the motor also another uh thing that we wanted to improve so basically we have two key on for for this from theory background but also more on framework background which is um linked to using make home as a case study yeah yeah so of course yeah motor we have been using and yeah i think this is uh it's useful in a lot yeah of course but now also um because when we we we found quite some challenges when we developed the questionnaire and and also to really take it out as quantitative methodology i mean meta quantitative assessments so this time we also try to use this uh so that later we can apply some now quantitative but explanations uh uh using let's say a guy of a econometric yeah econometric uh uh resgressions analyzes something like that yeah so that's that's what he's trying to improve yeah now i'm sorry i could not it's the same earlier but maybe for those who who haven't know about motor i think we want to apply it in all many other contexts apart from agriculture i think if you can stay with you some other difference we do it for urban flooding contexts but also uh biodiversity uh yeah some ecology and so yeah so this can be applied but we still see that the the inside the theory we still can be able to improve a bit yeah i think the multi actor already is is stressed by some of the papers but you know some other works uh but this one uh i think last time we used more on that uh system uh i mean separated actors but now we try to get more resemble the papers we work with the dorians we also look at it from a government's perspective and and other working with farmers so this time we we wanted to look at it also through uh the value chains because it seemed to be very important in in agriculture transformation so yeah i think maybe you try to that's very a bit yeah thank you thank you uh could uh luan would you like to add something to it or can i go to a next question yeah i think that's enough okay thank you because maybe the next question is maybe for you or for uh too as well and i i think i'm going to merge some of the questions inside the chat box which is a question in relation to the the the communities you are working with in your research or do you have specific communities farming communities that you are working with and in relation then to also the transformation and the time aspect how long have you maybe already been working with these communities and are you tending to continue working this and that might relate also to that aspect um asked about the understanding of the earlier adopters and do we need to see early adoption maybe in a time scale or maybe more in a scale of the the quantity of people taking it up how can we you presented also the that normal distribution over time of early adopts how can we see that maybe in relation to transformations but maybe first part of the questions with what farming communities are you working with and is this a long-term relationship uh continuing yeah uh we start our research with um our understanding of our agricultural system in the area we uh we're working at and uh also some secondary data publication we rely on secondary data and publication uh to to pick the the the actor of the system uh that uh we uh we will become to to do uh our research and uh but normally we we want to start uh as uh broad as possible like the recent case when we go to the coastal area and make home delta we uh we have uh had interview with the trader uh decision maker at uh many level uh provincial to uh district level and uh uh we will so uh talk with uh farmer uh uh stream stream farmer at uh also at um many times of stream farmer like extensive semi-extensive uh intensive stream farmer and uh industrial intensive stream farmer and uh the our experience here the the social system of agricultural system social system is uh very uh very diverse uh very diverse uh in uh stockholder complex very very complex uh and uh complex is uh another aspect uh where they are personally uh they're very diverse and uh their relation and uh and uh role in relation in the system is very complex uh so uh my understanding till now i'm not sure it's correct or not but uh we uh we should start if you're using the first case and then we just should start as uh broad as possible and try to utilize uh any uh material available to us uh and uh and uh and uh the bigger case that uh the familiar the most uh to to us to like uh in uh later they say you you have to uh choose a domain to to act on uh um before firstly you have to choose a domain like uh agricultural you want to work on uh sustainable agricultural what type of uh actor you want to to work with uh how many types of farmers uh out there you you want to uh do to come to and uh yeah my uh my answer is uh it's flexible yeah since I never start with a fixed uh set of farmer yeah thank you um maybe this is more uh then you can add also a bit uh on on the adaptation from bp so it was yes so thanks uh thank you uh yeah um we we work for example the the one I mentioned example on um on the agricultural innovation practice the rice swim models it had been I had a very long time now in the moopong delta but uh recently it's get more intent uh in in intentions by uh by both local and also national uh governments yeah so especially the last the thing for years it's getting more so there are some uh because it's it's it's really a multiple benefits uh solution and also highly uh resilient to um to the climate change uh but in the case we are working now in the bin chair province it's it's going good but now it's getting again like going down because uh people seeing is not really bring enough benefits for them so they're more for example changing to intensive stream farming so so that if you see in the picture of learning about uh the development of innovation so it's going up but then it's going down but there are quite some constraints with the uh political agenda so institutions related aspect uh I think it's two things it's really um uh really interesting yeah and also we also like to have more on the cultural uh yeah things which is um cultural but also a try off values which is for example this system style from practice can also reduce capital on emission but it's not yet payment so if we can include this and we can get more favorable uh solution meaning the farmer can get that's income then this may have for this transformation process yeah so you want to add more to I have a follow-up question to what you have mentioned thank you uh Kuhn and Luhn and it relates maybe to an earlier question um by Marissa in uh in the chat box um and that's maybe also it's more about the the feedback given from populations but maybe also then in relation to what you mentioned so some of these transformations in rice shrimp farming you see that they are now maybe developing towards more intensive what is then your position as a research team also in feeding that information from the field maybe back to the the policy domain and how maybe things could be steered towards more sustainable uh transformations maybe I asked some of my ideas about the the time of the the kind of transformation we make on them and I think the the the chamber rise to a rise stream stream taking place in the Mekong Delta like 1990 like several decades ago and it's a continuous process that means what is happening in a few uh community in the Kothu Yon and then because the effect of saluting, choosing or other faster uh the error with change to rye rim or rim have been seeped further in land for example the the farmer in the Kothu Yon thought they adopted rye rim or stream and then uh later on the community inside the Dupurai or Chippurai Yon and um I think there are some kind of feedback between the adoption of of change for some of the farmers in the in the Kothu Yon they see from uh rise to rye rim or stream then uh the salinity choosing will be linked into the Dupurai field then the farmer in the nearby community have to share something like this and uh for the the western on the the palm scale I think now we can see a little in the figure uh presented by uh Mekong Delta for the first 50 percent of the people in the community uh the rye of adoption will be in free overtime but then the rye of adoption will be in free overtime because there are no uh remaining adopters in the community for adoption anymore and uh usually for the 2 percent of the people who adopted in the community we call the innovator and then we have early adopters for 14 percent of the population and then we have early adoption and late adoption and late gap who are the person who did not apply and if it's kind of blamed by the us up for in in in of adoption we have the rye of us in free overtime until 50 percent and then it is free overtime I was uh reminded by leo that I was muted and that took me extra time to be realized that I was muted thank you uh to thank you Luan thank you uh Gwon thank you Vietnam team I'm looking at the clock it's almost uh 2 pm uh central european summer time that means that we are uh towards the end of um this first webinar I found it very interesting thank you I would like to give the floor to Anamika our project leader in this case to to give maybe some of her final insights first before we close this first webinar thank you thank you yeah and thank you to the Vietnam team for this very interesting presentation and um very happy that you took the initiative now that the ball is rolling we hope that many more will come up and fill up the form uh thank you yeah and your team as well for taking this up and uh let's hope that this continues um we will meet in this week sometime soon the mail will be sent out for the you know monthly meeting we can decide how often we want to do these webinars but for now thank you very much and we look forward to listening to others as well and uh for sharing this very interesting framework uh Vietnam team thank you thank you Anamika and indeed as you have said it was pasted in the chat box by Leon if you want to share your your knowledge your work any interesting ideas into a webinar you can find the google docs form link in the chat box I will paste Leon's message again so it's at the bottom have I done it no I have not well we will also share it again I think by Neil but please share submit your ideas to be able to further organize these webinar sessions thank you very much yep can you please save also the the charts because I cannot do it but we can look at because we cannot address all the question uh yeah so we will get it and this works without a team yes we will um then I give the final final words to the person that opened this meeting and that is Leon oh that's nice well then then just thank you everyone I think I have nothing more to add to all the other closing words but it was really nice to see uh uh not just the interesting presentation on on the motor and and the new thoughts about how it applies to transformations I think there is a further further challenges ahead there but but very interesting but actually also for everyone joining us including I think even in in the very early hours from Mexico but that is assuming that that is where Marisa is so that is very much appreciated and hope to see you all soon for project meeting but also for the for the next webinar and thanks yep for the nice facilitation I'll stop the recording bye


Hey guys it's Tilly and if you guys don't know who I am I used to make YouTube videos. My track record at the moment is pretty terrible but I'm back today with a video that I hope a few of you guys might like and it's basically just book recommendations on YA books that have little to no romance. Come on don't we all kind of just want to read some books sometimes where people don't fall in love and have a happy ever after? We're not really asking for much. So I'll get started straight away and the first one that I have as a recommendation is A Monster Calls by Patrick Ness. This is an original idea by Siobhan Dowd or I hope I'm saying that correctly it could be Siobhan down. Either way this book has just been adapted into a movie and it is quite an amazing movie as well but I still wouldn't ever forget the emotional reading of this story. This book I think mainly focuses on family more than anything else. It follows a story of a young boy called Connor and something terrible is happening in his life and on one night a monster shows up and this monster is hungry for one thing only and that is the truth and like I said it is an emotional toll. This book it's fantastic but it will definitely make your heart hurt. The next book is Demon Road by Derek Landy. I have yet to read this book but I have heard amazing things about it from several people and they have told me that this book has little romance in it. It's about a young girl called Amber and Amber has to go on the run when she basically finds out that her family secret is that she is a demon. Yay! And now for historical fiction that has a little romance in it. Between Shades of Grey by Rita Sepides. Rita Sepides is absolutely amazing and fantastic writer and every time she writes a new book I automatically buy it because she is wonderful. This follows the story of a family that basically taken from their home and taken to Siberia to work in camps there and it is I think the mom, the younger brother and the daughter who get put into the same camp. Their father is taken into a different one and you follow their story as they pretty much just try to survive and this too is a very emotional story but it is really really good. I have like hay fever really bad at that moment so if I'm like sniffling or I sound like I got a block nose or my eyes are going red just pretend that I look okay please. Next up is a really fun read. This is kind of middle grade but I'm pretty sure you guys have all like read this book. I heard of it at least and that one is Magnus Chase and the Sword of Summer and I'm sorry I grabbed the ARC copy but there's the title. This one is by Rick Rodin who is pretty much known to writing really fun easy to read hilarious books that everyone can pretty much enjoy and in this one there is no romance. The second one is out now and I haven't actually read it yet so I don't know if there will be but this was really really good. It just follows a bunch of kids as they try to survive really. Another book that I think is kind of like middle grade slash YA but is also fantastic at the same time is Akane by Lynette Noni. This is also a book based on magic and friendships and it's really really good. I do think that there will be romance later on in the series and I think it's been hinting at it in the second book but in this book it is literally just Alex and her friends as she tries to figure out her magical powers in this magical new world. And for more fantasy, Sabriel by Garth Nix. This one is really really good. It is a big high fantasy and has no romance in it so make sure you guys pick it up. You guys thought that this book would make an appearance in the video. Pfft. Pish Posh. We have The Book Thief by Marcus Zuzak. This one has a little romance in it. There is like little bits of it woven throughout the story but it is never the main plot of this book and so I think it definitely includes being here especially because it's an amazing book.  Either way, read it, you'll find out. Another book that I give high praises to is Bird by Crystal Chan. It follows the young story of a girl called Jewel and the day that she is born her brother ends up dying. And she basically lives in his shadow the rest of her life and as she's coming of age she decides that she really just wants to get down to the roots of the story and what happened and bring her family all back together. It's kind of a funny story by Ned Vazzini. Once again this one has little romance in it. There is parts of it but it's not the main point and this book it's kind of eye-opening. It gives you a lot to think about and it's really really great contemporary and I'm sure you guys have heard of it before but it is really good and I know I just said it's good like six times but just trust me it's good. And lastly this book I'm not entirely sure. Some people might say there's romance in it. I don't think there is romance in it. I think it's kind of like the second book might have it in it but this one does not and that is This Savage Song by Victoria Schwab. So this is another fantasy and it's really hard to describe the world that they have but it's kind of like split in two and there's these monsters and it's like really hectic but anyway you've got these two kids that are just trying to survive but they're supposed to be also like arch enemies and I'm doing a terrible job at explaining this. Either way if you guys like Victoria Schwab she also wrote A Darker Shader Magic and Vicious and I think something else but I can't think up top of my head. Maybe not. Maybe it's just this I don't know but she's a really good writer and if you guys like her then you guys should read that. So you guys have some book recommendations that have no romance in it because what is better than romance? Puppies, reading, many many other things who really needs it right? Not my lonely heart. Remember you guys are a brave, strong, independent and wonderful people and I love you all very much and thank you guys for sticking by me in this time of really undecidedly uploading of videos. I hope you guys have a lovely bookish day and hopefully I shall see you guys again soon. Bye! Hey guys it's Chilly and I swear one day I will go back to posting videos regularly. At the moment I just can't seem to reach that deadline.


The Special Collections Digital Teaching Collections Guide includes a list of topics covered by our collections underneath the home and navigation tabs on the left-hand side. Within each subject area, you'll find some featured items representing our collection holdings related to that topic. Some pages are even divided up into further categories. These example items can be great jumping off points for research, but keep in mind that they are just the tip of the iceberg for what our digital collections have to offer. Each topic page also includes links to full digital collections related to that subject area. To learn more about browsing and searching these collections, see the full digital collections video.


Hi, this is George and welcome back to the LinkedIn course. Okay, so what we're gonna do now is we're going to continue optimizing your LinkedIn profile. Let me actually expand this bit here. We're gonna continue optimizing your LinkedIn profile by editing your summary section. Actually, no, I'm sorry, not the summary section. First, we're gonna do the number of job position in your experience area. Let me show you what I mean. The experience area is I'm on my LinkedIn profile, and if I scroll down, the experience area is this part, this place that says experience, and this is where you can add positions. Basically your previous jobs, the current roles that you hold in your business, et cetera, et cetera. So let's take a look to see what the tips are here. So the more key words that you have in the title and company fields, what I mean by title and company fields. This is a title field. This is a company field. Again, further down. This is a title field. This is a company field. Okay, further down. This is a title field. This is a company field. Further down. This is a title field. This is a company field. Okay, so the more key words, remember we talked in the last lecture about key words, what your ideal clients are probably searching for in search engines, such as Google and LinkedIn. The more of such keywords you have, right, so you may actually, one great assignment for you is to write down, first on a separate document, all the keywords that your ideal clients are looking for on Google and LinkedIn, you're gonna be guessing at first. And you're gonna refine those keywords by searching on LinkedIn, looking at other people's profiles and notice what phrases and words they use, but you also refine your keywords by just working with your clients and noticing what kinds of needs that they keep asking you about, what kinds of goals that they keep asking you to help them achieve, okay? Okay, so the more of those keywords are in the job title and the company name, the more you're gonna be found on LinkedIn because the LinkedIn search engine greatly prioritizes the job title and the company name. I would say that from my research, they most prioritize the professional headline keywords and then secondly, they prioritize the keywords and the job title and company name, okay? So be sure to be aware of that and then having, so given that LinkedIn prioritizes the keywords and those things, having more job positions on your experience area would therefore be beneficial. And you might say, well, George, how can I add more jobs than I've held? And here's what I mean by that, is if you have held, for example, in a previous job, let's say you have been in a particular manager position, let's say you were managing human resources and then you shifted in that company to doing more marketing management or some kind of operations management or something, those you can add as two separate positions on LinkedIn because those were two separate roles that you held. Now, if you held that role for only a week or only a month, that might not be worth putting on LinkedIn, but if you held that role for several months and certainly several years, that would be worthwhile to separate out in your LinkedIn profile, so you have more keywords on your profile, okay? Same thing, in your business, if you have held multiple roles, significant roles, write those roles out. Also, here are some more ideas of things to add. Talked about previous employment, current employment. If you have more than one service in your business, consider adding them as separate positions. So for example, or if you have more than one program, like more than one coaching program. So for example, in the past, I used to do two separate coaching programs in one business. I used to train people on social media, so that was my social media training program, and I also used to coach people on how to run webinars. So that was my webinar method coaching program. So those were two separate positions on my LinkedIn and you can see, and okay, another example is, I have a podcast and I build community around that podcast. So that's a separate role I have currently in my business. Also, I run my coaching program, my one-to-one business and marketing coaching program, and I even put my coaching program's name as the company name. Now, when I do this, okay, when I edit the company name, when I edit the company name and click save, sometimes LinkedIn is going to ask me, do I want, it's not doing that right now, but sometimes it's gonna ask me, do I wanna set up a company page? Now, my opinion on this is that it's not really worth setting up a company page unless you're gonna keep that company page active. A company page is like a separate profile except it's for your company. I don't recommend setting up a company page for a product or a service. The way that LinkedIn's company pages are set is it's supposed to be a company and multiple people who work at that company will add that company page as part of their profile. So that's really, the company pages are really designed for medium to larger companies that are trying to recruit more people into their company. So people who are potential candidates for that company will go to that company page, follow that company, see what positions are available, that kind of contact of people who are in that company for informational interviews. That's really what it's for. And of course, recruiters can go to that company page and follow that, et cetera. But it's, for those of us who are solopreneurs or really tiny businesses, it's, I don't know, I don't think it's worth setting up a company page in my opinion, because it's another thing to manage. Then not that many people will follow your company pages because it's not a household name yet. So I like to use the company page field for my program, my coaching programs. Or if I wrote a book, that would be author and then the book title would be where the company page field is. Okay, further down, as you can see, a founder. So this was a project that I ran for 10 months. That's a significant amount of time in my business and I invest this significant amount of energy into that project. So I put that as a separate program. I also ran a project for another company called the Shift Networks. I put that here and I use the company. So as you can see, Change Company, this was actually a, see, when I put in, when I start putting in a company name, right? And I put in the Shift Network, it will give me a listing of all the available company pages. So I selected the right one because I recognized their logo and then I click Save. And so now when people come to my profile, they will see the logo for the company associated with this position. Makes sense? And they can even hover over this and follow the company or I'm already following. So if I click here, I would stop following but I want to follow this company. So scroll down further. Your highest work was my previous business name. And so I was running that for about a year under that name. And so I kind of put some keywords the roles I held in that company, in that business. And each of these roles was quite similar for me. So I put them in one position. Another kind of business project that I was creating was called the Business Alliance and I ran that for about a year. So as you can see, one of the things that I have learned that I hope you'll learn as well in entrepreneurship, it's about experimenting more. Good entrepreneurship is about experimenting more, learning from your experiments and further on experimenting more. So you can see in my job positions I've experimented a lot with different projects, right? One year here, one year here. And I learned a lot as a result. See webinar method coaching program, there it is. Webinar method coach, serving consultants, clients. So here I'm putting in more keywords so that those who are looking for that kind of person will tend to find me. My program name is there as in the company name. And then again, my social media program was in a separate position, okay? Other things that you might want to use, as I mentioned, if you're an author, you've written a book or several books, if you've written more than one book, those can be separate positions on your LinkedIn profile. If you've been a creator or host of a major event of some kind, a tele-summit, a conference, a workshop you run on ongoingly, that can be a separate position, the name of your workshop, and then what you do in that, the title is workshop, host, coach, sort of some rules that you play within that workshop teacher, et cetera. If you are a frequent guest blogger on a well-known website that people in your industry would recognize, you might want to put that as a separate position as well. So this is so important. That's why I wanted to kind of spend extra time on this. In the next lecture, we will talk about what to write in your summary section, which is one of the first things people look at when they come and look at your LinkedIn profile. So I'll see you in that lecture.


As an Army leader trying to avoid projecting arrogance, how do you apply humility when balancing confidence and authority? I think humility helps to set the tone and I think it sets the conditions for both the leader and the subordinates. If you practice humility, then your subordinates and your peers will feel comfortable coming to you. And they will feel comfortable opening to you and having that open discussion and dialogue. And this allows your organization and your team to better able identify gaps and help to solve problems. Conversely, I think if a leader is arrogant, then people have a tendency to avoid that person. They may be fearful. Maybe they don't want to contradict that person. They may be afraid of reprisal. But in that in and of itself may create a situation where it lends itself almost to a travesty. Because if you're not able to identify problems early, those problems could potentially become systemic. And so I think humility allows you again to better able identify problems before they do become systemic in an organization. And a final point I'd like to make is I think humility just allows for deeper relationships both up and down the chain of command. What advice would you give a subordinate who is not practicing humility? You have to remember that the Army rolls on. If you're on leave, everything still has to go forward while you're gone. Or after you change out of the position, you're not going to be there forever. So I went from two years of command to being the lowest ranked person in my organization shoveling the snow on the sidewalk outside. And that's okay. There's nothing wrong with that. But you can't let the temporary position that you're in go to your head and make you feel that you are above doing what you would ask the lowest ranking person in your organization to do. As a commander, I never had to shovel snow because it was taken care of. But I would shovel snow. And I think that's something that you can't lose sight of. You have to make sure that you'd be willing to do what you ask of those you lead. Describe a time when you observed skillful balance of humility and confidence. You know, I think I see it every day when I was asked the question, I work with both uniform and civilian folks. I'm an instructor. So we're interacting with students every day. The uniformed and civilian folks, when they make mistakes, they own those mistakes. Not just in private, but publicly they will say, you know what, I made a mistake. The one example that really stands out to me is Mr. Kim Summers. He's the former director of the Army Management Staff College. He's a former uniform member as well. He commanded a garrison before he retired. He was absolutely confident. He was erudite.  Very confident, very confident. But when he asked you a question, it was clear to me that he wanted to hear what I had to say. He was humble enough to hear what I had to say, to respond, to recognize the value of what I said. And because he did that, I felt like I was a more valuable piece of the organization as well. So that little bit of humility helped me to see him in a different light. But it helped me to see myself in a different light as well. And he had a great deal of influence on me as I transitioned from uniform to civilian service. What do you believe are characteristics of a humble leader? This is going to sound kind of cliche, but the Army values. If a leader follows the Army values and the Golden Rule, they will never fail. Not one Army leader will fail. If they live the Army values and actually follow them and treat others the way they want to be treated and they will be successful. As a prior service military officer, how do you balance humility when during your military career you have outranked your current supervisor? That's a very good one and a challenge in Army culture. As someone who served as a colonel on active duty, who currently as a civilian works for officers who retired as lieutenant colonels, it's very easy for me and it should be easy for others. Once you take the eagle off or you take the oak leaf off, the boss is the boss. So you do that by allowing him or her to be in charge and embracing what they want to do. There are some techniques that I personally use. I make sure my boss understands that he or she is in charge and I'm not. And over time we don't have a problem with the working relationship. If we can get people to step away from their active duty military rank, embrace their civilian position, and to allow the other person to lead and to treat them the way they would want to be treated if they were in charge, then it's not a problem. I have watched some officers struggle with that, especially colonels.  You are now a GS-13 or a GS-14 and the GS-15 is in charge. If that GS-15 served as a lieutenant colonel or not, or if that GS-15 never served in the Army, he or she is still the boss and deserves to be treated with dignity and respect.


A group in collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme have advocated the inclusion of persons living with disabilities in all electoral processes. Speaking in Zango Katif, in Kaduna State, the facilitators emphasised the need for PWD's vote and be voted for. They also called for more sensitisation of the new electoral act that imparts people with special needs at the society. We want Nigerians to see them as part of us because the situation that some of them got to weigh they out by natural disaster, some maybe by economical factor. So I want Nigerians to see them as one of us, they are part of us. The days when they sit down back home and they feel the government, the society doesn't need them at anywhere possible but we're here to inform them that they are part of the society. They are the leaders of tomorrow also as we people who have no disability look at ourselves. So we're here to give them that courage, that notion that they should come out, they have the right to be voted and be voted and be voted for. For their act, being disabled is not a weakness as they can contribute to nation-building in their unique ways. There is ability in disability. Though we are disabled it does not mean that we cannot partake in what people are doing. So I am happy, I want to advise the government that they should involve us, the disabled into these things because we are the people that know the problem of disabled. We are people that have vision like the able people. And we can also help our fellow disabled. I learned that even us disabled have a right to be voted for. Be because I will be able to choose the person I like.