You are about to be entertained by some of the biggest names in show business for the next hour and 30 minutes This program will present in person such bright stars as Vivian Blaine, Jose Ferrer Sam Levine Ken Murray Magado Brian Gloria Swanson Fran Warren Meredith Wilson and my name darlings is to Lula Bankhead The National Broadcasting Company presents the big show The Big show 90 minutes with the most scintillating personalities in the entertainment world Brought to you this Sunday and every Sunday at this same time as the Sunday feature of NBC's all-star festival And here is your hostess the glamorous unpredictable to Lula Bankhead Well darlings, how did Santa Claus treat you? I must tell you about one beautiful present. I received a new mink coat My best friend sent it to me. I bought it myself I saw it in the window. I liked it. I decided I simply must have it I wrote out a check for ten thousand dollars and took the coat with me When I got home, I decided I'd been a little too extravagant. So I sent it back And what an odd coincidence the coat got back to the store just as my check came back from the bank But Christmas is behind us now and we have a show to do last week on our Christmas program One of our guest stars was Margaret O'Brien of the movies. She did so well Too well to suit me That she's with us again this week a sort of Christmas hangover for me. I Wish I could take an Anderson and make her disappear But she's been held over by popular demand not mine you understand the child is too talented much too talented After all a job is a job. I'm not trying to take your job miss Bankhead. Well darling little Margaret O'Brien I want to thank you miss Bankhead for your lovely Christmas present. Oh, do you like it darling? Oh, yes, it was sweet of you to send me a one-way railroad ticket to California. I Thought I wrapped it nicely Super it was what there it was super a chief of course But I'm not going back to California miss Bankhead. You're not I'm going to stick right close to you. You are not Because I've decided I want to be a great actress just like you are There's so much I can learn from you miss Bankhead. Oh Margaret you may call me Tallulah.  Yes, I do big Tallulah You see I think a person should have an ambition a goal in life But 13 years now. I've been drifting aimlessly Of course for the last seven years. I made a niche for myself in the movies.  I suppose Yes, those were bad years. I was disorganized confused tortured I couldn't decide whether I should be in the theater or the movies why I became so nervous I was eating two packs of chocolate cigarettes a day Yes, I I see you still have the chocolate stains on your index finger And I'll bet you used to hit that pablum bottle pretty hard too But now I know that the theater is my real love and you're the one I want to pattern myself after Sweet to be an actress like you Acclaimed by the critics applauded by the public a magnetic dynamic electric personality Soul it up. What's your language child?  Besides Margaret actresses never retire. They are always between plays between plays. Yes, remember that and besides Margaret I must warn you the theater is an exacting task master to become a fine actress. It will take you years Oh, I don't care. I want to become a fine actress like you Even it takes me years and years and years and years and years now just a minute just a minute I wonder where this child is getting her material Margaret here's lesson number two an actress is very sensitive about her age But then I wouldn't expect you to understand that at the tender age of 13 12 and a half I want to be just as sensitive as you are Oh Margaret you're just a child now. Why are we standing here talking about the theater such grown-up talk for a little girl And let's talk about the holiday season. Now. Let me tell you all about new year's eve No, don't tell me all about new year's eve Why don't you just tell me all about eve? So that's where she's been getting her material Well, I'll put a stop to this Meredith Meredith Wilson. Yes, miss bankhead I uh, I want to thank you Margaret for that christmas present. You're welcome. Of course. I have no plans to go to california right away What? Margaret sent me a one-way ticket to california and it was very nicely wrapped too By the way, miss bankhead. Thank you for your presence. It was just what I needed a box of fragile Meredith that was a five-piece set of cut gloss There's more pieces than that when I got it And well, I want to thank you Meredith for that darling scarf you sent me and that delightfully warm christmas card you enclosed 60 percent rayon 40 percent wool How warm can you get? Well now darling, how about some music Meredith? Well, sir miss bankhead I This is the big week in football the bowl games, you know So I wrote a song from a home state university Iowa. Oh, is our one of the bowl games? Well, not exactly They might have had a chance though. See Iowa was just nosed out in a game with Ohio State 83 to 21 That's quite a nose Well, Iowa just couldn't get going in that game Every time we started setting up a play somebody fumbled the ball and we couldn't get to our next play Always got caught between plays. I'm between plays too, Meredith Never mind Meredith. Let's hear the hour fight song you wrote for hour But which is dedicated to all the teams who didn't get into any of the bowl games tomorrow But who are going to by golly make it next year our bust Well, you've got quite a band there Tallulah, I was just listening to that Iowa fight song that wilson wrote kind of brings back old memories Oh, really darling you went to college an hour too. Oh, no no as a matter of fact I didn't go to college at all I I don't believe a man has to go to college to get an education and acquire a polish I'm proud to say that I learned all I know in the school of h. N School of h. N hard knocks. Well, they wouldn't have hurt you to have a short spell in college Oh No, not me Tallulah You see I started in showbiz when I was a kid never had a chance to go to school But I used to read books all the time right now I've settled down here in New York and I've got dr. Elliott's five foot bookshelf in my home But do you read the books in the five foot bookshelf? Oh sure. I read about three inches every night My you read quick Yeah, I read that too We uh, we all read in my family.  I got him a copy of bulldog drumming Of course, he's just starting to read books now when he was a puppy we broke him in on newspapers But Tallulah I came over here to your program for a very special reason. I'm not here to be entertaining What makes you think you have been darling? I Do a television program. How would you like to be a guest on my tv show?  I'm doing here But Tallulah radio is old hat, but can television is old movies I'm not on my show. I'd certainly like to have you on my television show with me though Oh, stop talking about it. Darling. Whenever anyone mentions television to me. I see red. I'll pay you $5,000 All of a sudden I see green Tell me more about it darling Well, there are a few things you'll have to change for instance if if you want to wear a black dress like you're wearing now You'd have to wear a red dress because you see red photographs black. You see Oh, I have a red dress But what about my hair darling? I'd wear that too Oh, oh, I'm sorry you mean the color of your hair. I'm so sorry. Well, we had a girl on the show with hair just those same colors But uh to make it photograph better we had to give her a blue rinse Boy was she saw Blue or top, huh? What about What about makeup? I suppose makeup is a big factor.  I forgot I want to introduce you to my protege my new protege She decided she wants to become a great actress in the theater and she's trying to pattern herself after me come here Margaret sweetie Margaret O'Brien. This is mr. Murray. Hello author Shall we dance? She sure is patterning herself after you Tallulah So, uh, you want to act in the theater Margaret. Uh, how old are you? 12 That's my girl who said that's Ken, why don't you put Margaret on your show?    I've made up my mind to be in the theater like Tallulah. Oh, what are you doing now Margaret? I'm between plays Oh, you've already been in some place. No, no, she's between her first play Well, have you seen any of the plays since you've been in town Margaret? Oh, yes, I went to sing King Lear by Shakespeare. That's a lot of laughs And I saw the the cocktail party by T. S. Elliott. Good man. T. S. I've I've got his five foot bookshelf, you know And I saw enemy of the people starring Milton burl I suppose Look Margaret, didn't you go to see any of the lighter things some musical comedies, maybe? Oh, no, I wouldn't go to musical comedies. They're so cheap and the prices are so high and besides I couldn't get any tickets You're right Margaret. I wanted to see one of the musicals this week I know the star of the show very well. She happened to be a personal enemy of mine So I went to the producer and I asked him for a pair of tickets and you know that I couldn't get them for love Our money Janula, I've got a ticket broke who gets all the tickets to the theaters for me. He got me a couple for guys and dolls Guys and dolls. I think that is of course. I had to send him a nice Christmas present No, well speaking of guys and dolls We happen to have two of the stars of that show with us today Vivian Blaine and Sam Levine And after Vivian sings our song Margaret you ask her for a couple of tickets I'm sure she has them Meredith darling darling Meredith. Are you ready for Vivian Blaine's song? Oh sure all set. Hi you Meredith Hello, Ken Murray. Well as I always say long time no see Yes, you do always say that and that's why no long time no see Meredith I want to thank you for your Christmas present. Oh, you're welcome Ken. I wrapped it up pretty nicely didn't think Yes, I'm very sorry. I can't use it. I don't sleep well on trains You don't mind. I'm sure I gave it to somebody for a Christmas present that one-way ticket is making a round trip Meredith what is Vivian Blaine gonna sing, huh? Well, uh, Vivian has a wonderful arrangement of what is this thing called love? Oh, that's wonderful. I love it Ladies and gentlemen Vivian Blaine with Meredith Wilson's orchestra and chorus in what is this thing called love? What is this thing? Oh This funny thing This This is not only for your song, but for the enormous success you've made in guys and dogs. Thank you very much You're very kind to Lula. Yes, I know Yeah, look Vivian little Margaret here is interested in the story of your musical comedy Why don't you tell her what it's all about? Oh, I'm sorry, but I can't do that We're not allowed to give away the plot. Oh, you can't even give it away You're so wrong to Lula. We're selling out every performance. I got in on a couple of passes Yes, that's what I heard the manager made one and the box office man made one You're just jealous because you can't get any tickets and you are in the show It just so happens to Lula darling that I have two very good seats with me. Yes, you have done And it might interest you to know that when I saw your show, I was sitting in the very front row I'm sure you must have seen me. Oh, no. I never look way up there And now just a moment. Why is it that everyone who comes on the show starts speaking of me? I try to be less What is it Margaret? Let me please Hello Vivian Hey, I haven't seen you in years Remember when I met you out in Hollywood when I was making pictures? Well, you remember you must have seen me in states there. Oh, yes, darling You won a blue ribbon for that, didn't you? That's my girl who said that Well, that's a new twist hiring a little girl to insult your guests. Oh, no, Vivian Margaret didn't really mean it She's just trying to help me out Very very interested in seeing your play now. You said you had a couple of tickets. Well, yes, indeed. I have I'll be glad to give them to her Wonderful, darling. I hope she'll be able to understand if the show is quite adult. I hear Uh, how old are you now Margaret? 11 Why she'll be able to understand it because by the time she can use these tickets she'll be 15 You have tickets four years in advance. Why not every night? There's a sign in front of the box office that says SRO standing room only so what when I was in private life. We had the sRO sign in the box office, too Yes, it was sRO Six rows only just a minute. Just a minute. If you two dolls will excuse me family being I've been standing here listening to you two brought you two Dolls beating each other's brains out This one says she's got two seats That one says why don't you try standing room? The other one says it's one of blue ribbons so enough already Now what does this kid want this little miss mackerel brian? All she wants darling is to buy two tickets to your show. That's all For this we went through this who ha and mishmash would there be him? Stop tumbling Two tickets to guys and dolls can be arranged. Oh, do you mean you have two tickets? Well, not with me Who carries that much cash?  What a question to ask sam levine Now I'd like to ask you a question for your own information Who has been on Broadway longer than I have? Oh, I'm sorry. That's an unfair question to ask you And mr. Levine, but what is the point besides the one your hat is on?  Look to lula what I'm trying to point out to one and all is that I happen to have connections with a certain highly placed gentleman Who can put a put their dukes on a pair of duckets for a friend anytime and I happen to be that friend All that it takes is a telephone call.  This is nbc. They have thousands of telephones Thousands of phones. What a location for a booking Oh when you stop to think how unfair life can be I got a friend benny the book has one lousy telephone They came and they tore it out by the roots and besides they arrested him. Oh Did they send him up the river? No, it was his first offense. He's just up the creek Sam you were going to make a phone call here use this one. Okay Yeah, I'm sure he'll be in this is sunday. They don't run anywhere on sunday Sam you're not calling a horse player to get tickets to your show. Why not? He's a mutual friend of mine A two-dollar mutual friend of yours Well, I haven't seen him in months the last time I saw him was uh, let's see may june july saratoga september I Oh, hello marvin Oh or even or marvin ain't there or even this is sam Could you ask joey to run across the street to mani max and eddies and ask sal to send marvin to the phone? Yeah, tell him it's sam levine Sam levine the actor.  I called for marvin and oi being said he would send joey to mani max and eddies. All right already Let's get the tickets Okay, so joey went to call marvin. It's a poison to poison call I would make the tickets cost five dollars extra. What's the five dollars for? Well, you can't expect joey to walk across the street for nothing He only makes 250 on it the other 250 is for the premium for the accident insurance in case while he's crossing the street He should get knocked down by an automobile What am I doing in radio? I could get myself a pair of track shoes and i'm in business Look to lulu i'm doing this for you out of the goodness of my heart plus a small fee for incidentals I wouldn't get tickets for anybody else in the world, but for you. I'm going through this trouble Well, if I'd known you had to put so many men on the job. I wouldn't have asked you How long was it going to take it'll take only long enough for joey to get marvin and then to come to the phone Well, joey should be back by now. Well, look figure it out First he's got a shave He's got to put on a shirt and a tie shave to go to manning max and eddies What is it one of those fancy restaurants where you can't eat unless you wear a tie at many max and eddies You cannot eat at any time. It's an auto supply store A formal auto supply store you have to dress. Well, they run a little handbook in the back And they could get great at any minute. So how would joey look in the lineup without a shave and a tie? Gossily, i'm sure By the way, I should mention in case they are rated. There'll be an extra 500 dollars added to the tickets bail Margaret dawning won't you reconsider that one-way ticket to california? Yes, maybe it would be cheaper Meredith, can you give me that railroad ticket back? Gee, I like to Margaret, but I gave it to ken Murray. Hey ken, if you're not going to use that railroad ticket I I'm sorry Meredith, but I gave the ticket away to somebody who did me a favor Maybe I could get it back for you if I can use the phone. Hello, Marvin Oh joey, so where's Marvin? Look, I want you should get me right away a couple of tickets to guys and dolls. All right guys and dolls So where's Marvin? He left town Somebody gave him a christmas present A one-way ticket to california Oh fine Well, Tallulah, I tried and I failed now. There's only one thing left to do here I'll give you these two tickets that I got in my pocket for tomorrow night Oh, Sam, do you mean that you had those tickets in your pocket all the time? Yeah, go ahead take them I'll let you have them for cost 40 dollars 40 dollars for a pair of fifth of tickets I'd rather wait till your scalper friend Marvin gets back And I can get them from him for less than that Tallulah, don't be a schlemiel Where do you think Marvin gets his tickets from? Ladies and gentlemen that was Meredith Wilson and his big show orchestra and chorus will be back in a moment darlings Just as soon as I ring my chimes. This is NBC the national broadcasting company The big show This is the national broadcasting company sunday extravaganza with the most scintillating personalities in show business The big show the sunday night feature of nbc's all-star festival is brought to you by rca victor world leader in radio First and recorded music first in television And by the makers of anison for fast relief from pain of headache neuritis and uralgia The big stars in this program are vivian plane hosé for air sam levine ken maré margaret o'brien gloria swanson Fran warren meredith wilson and the big show orchestra and chorus And every week your hostess the glamorous unpredictable Tallulah bankhead darlings in a few hours 1951 will be here I've devoted this entire day to thinking of the things i've done this past year that i shouldn't have And i've come up with the most darling resolutions I can hardly wait till midnight to start breaking them Meanwhile our show goes on and one of our guests little margaret o'brien keeps tagging after me because she's made up her mind She wants to be an actress in the theater just like i am I feel as if i'm her fairy grandmother That should be godmother That misprint was deliberate Oh tallulah Yes margaret darling I just saw glorious swanson and hosé for rare come into the studio. Yes margaret Yes darling they're going to do a scene later in the program From 20th century the play they're starring in on Broadway now. It's um, it's a drawing room comedy What's a drawing room comedy? Well, uh drawing room comedy is um Well, it's usually a play where a lot of rich people pay six sixty to see a lot of poor actors acting like a lot of rich people Gee it must be wonderful to be in a play on Broadway. I wish I was as great an actress as glorious swanson I beg your pardon child How about me? Oh, I mean you too. I wish we both were as great an actress as glorious swanson Darling, I love gloria. No one better. Why would we have very dear friends? But this is her very first play on Broadway. I've been in dozens of plays Oh, I know I know them all and what fun you must have had in private lives The little foxes skin of our teeth dark victory rain reflected glory Mr. Roberts I was never in mr. Roberts that's a play with all men in it. I know but but wouldn't it be fun? Why Missal, right But I was your age. I never Well, what were you saying darling? I was just thinking how wonderful it would be to be a big star in the theater And have your pictures and all the papers and the magazines I once saw your picture on the cover of life magazine How did you ever get them to put your picture on the cover of life? Well someday darling, I'll explain the facts of life Oh, I've been meaning to ask you can I have your autograph? Why of course dear child would you write it on these three pieces of paper? Well an autograph and triplicate. I am honored I need three because the kids outside the theater told me that for three Tallulah bank heads you can get one glorious swanson I was just stabbed Oh, I didn't mean what you think I meant what I said I mean I meant because everybody wants your autograph That's why I like three of them and very few people want glorious swansons You see Does that sound better? And darling have you ever thought of giving up the theater and becoming a surgeon? You put that knife in so gently Yes Ken Murray I just saw glorious swanson hosay for air committed the studio Yeah, so I've been told Gee that glorious swanson she she looks young for her age, doesn't she? I look younger for my age and she does for her age Gad I did it. I knew it would happen. I finally insulted myself Now wait a minute. Now wait a minute. Let me figure that thing out now If you say that you're younger for your age than she is for her age Then that makes you older age for age. Is that it? What I meant is that I'm younger for the age. I say I am Then she is the age. She really is And that's older than the age. She says she is or the age. I really am Would you mind repeating that question? And well what I'm trying to explain ken is you say she looks young for her age And I said that I'm younger for the age. I say I am Then she is for the age. She really is Which is older than the age. She says she is which is older than the age. I really am How many witches were in that sentence? Only two Ken may I ask you a question? Why yes Margaret. Why do you always hold that cigar when you're on stage? Oh, I don't know. It's an old habit sort of puts me at ease Here have one try Thank you Hello Tallulah. Well Fran Warren darling Say you know who I just saw backstage Gloria Swanson and Jose Pereira. She looks so young for her age. Doesn't she? He looks pretty young for her age too darling And Fran may I say that you look divine for your age? Whatever it is What are you gonna sing for sweetie pie? I've got the right to sing the blues at her age Look who's got a right to sing the blues. Go ahead darling sing it I see must be love say what you choose From rca victor As we look ahead to the gigantic tasks our country must perform in 1951 It's clear that every individual's working life is going to be busier and more complicated than ever before We're all going to need recreation in our home lives To erase the cares of each long day and recharge our batteries for the next one That's where television fits in perfectly And now is the time to see your rca victor dealer and choose from 18 beautiful models Each one seemingly more beautiful than the next You do well to choose a 19 inch set for pictures that are wonderfully clear and big Of course, they'll have that matchless quality which has made rca victor million proof television Far and away America's favorite Here's wishing you rca victor television And with it the high morale which will help so much to make 1951 a happier year for everyone You know darlings the holiday season is traditionally a time of extraordinary excitement in the theater But these holidays brought us a little more than the ordinary extraordinary Ante meaning American national theater and academy Marked a red letter day in its worthy history when it presented Gloria Swanson, Jose Ferrer and an all-star cast in mr. Ferrer's revival of that famous hit play of the 1931-32 season 20th century So tremendous has been the public response that the play is moving over to the photon theater for an extended run We'll give you a taste of the kind of evening you can look forward to at the photon by presenting now a scene from the play Starring miss swanson and mr. Ferrer Ladies and gentlemen the curtain is up on 20th century This is the story of an eccentric broadway producer named asker jaffe and his meal ticket a glamorous bundle of talent and temperament Lily garland This is the story of an overnight train trip on the 20th century limited from chicago to new york We are several hours east of the leader oh how as the scene opens Lily played by miss glorious swanson feigned sleep in her apartment Sadie the watchful maid is not at all surprised when the door opens and asker jaffe played by mr. Jose Ferrer who recognizes the situation Not a word Sadie we must not wake her Poor child nobody understands her She's very delicate If you don't mind i'll just sit here for a moment and breathe the air that surrounds her look at her little possessions and remember things Sadie who's in there? No, i'm sorry i woke you up So it's you you sneaked in while i was asleep What do you want scorpion?  Jaffe. I'm an oriental lily love blinded me That was always the trouble between us as producer and artist Oh, so that's what it was was it how about your name in electric lights bigger than everybody's Your grand illusions that you are a Shakespeare and Napoleon and the Grand Lama of Tibet all rolled into one You're absolutely right what i'm big enough to admit it I never appreciated your real greatness until i lost you why that last quibble We had about percentages gad how small how cheap i was What egotism not to know that it was lily garland and not oscar jaffe running all over town telling people That you had to put chalk marks on the stage so that i know where to stand That you had to teach me to talk like a parrot god it was despicable I could cut my throat but i've paid for it a thousand times since when i saw that last movie of yours I only blame myself. Oh, you've seen it. Well, you'll be glad to know that it's a tremendous success I'm marvelous in it super Here if you don't believe me look at this Now, where did you get this dreadful thing for bowling? Or read what it says The academy of motion picture Arts and sciences It's pathetic, isn't it? Don't fall for this sort of thing lily.  I couldn't get anything into his head I had to fight him all the time. It was sacrilege to throw you away on a man like that I wouldn't have him for my office boy And the lighting in that picture don't you remember how I always brought the lights up every time you stepped on the stage You became a radiant creature to the audience People left the theater feeling that they had gone through some great spiritual experience I left that movie house feeling that some magnificent ruby had been set in a platter of lard You put yourself back 10 years lily, but we can mend that you'll be greater than ever Listen oscar if all this adage is by any chance preliminary to a contract you can save your breath because i'm Who said anything about contract shame on you lily? What are you talking about you do anything to get my name on a contract This obscene led statue must be doing things to you. I didn't come in here with contracts I came with a dream we both had long ago the thing we planned as a climax to your career the last golden stare Look out the courtesan the great courtesan role. Oh look out. Oh, no So this is a big surprise you have for me Another part where i'm unworthy of the lieutenant's love and make the great sacrifice I wouldn't sneer if I were you all right What is it this time montezuma again or that big drama about hippie nanny the pride of the gas house? No lily, it's none of these things this happens to be the greatest woman of all times Just her memory has kept the world weeping for centuries the magdalene magdalene who Now you listen to me lily garland i'm going to put on the passion play in new york with lily garland as mary magdalene I've had it up my sleeve all this time waiting for the right moment the wickedest woman of her age sensual Heartless and beautiful Corrupting everything she touches running the gamut from the gutter to glory Can't you see her lily this little wanton reduced to helplessness standing in the street? Serving and wet through with her own tears I'm going to have paunches pilot ride by in a chariot and i'm going to splash mud all over her No, no, no wait a pilot sees me He does a take his horse his horse Bolts and paunches is thrown out on his feet with a broken neck. Oh, and I smile through my tears Lily that's an inspiration go on while you're in the creative mood Well, I'll tell you how I see the whole thing I can see the magdalene as a woman who was an aristocrat at the beginning and after being broken hearted by some man She loved madly and trusted she went down down down into the dead hating and despising all men laughing at them So cruel so terribly cruel. Yes, lily. I'm going to make it my greatest production gamble every penny on it I brought over an entire troop from europe smuggle them across the Alps right through four iron curtains It cost me my shirt, but I wanted them two of them are geniuses No, wait a minute asker lily if the play runs for five years. I won't make a dollar. You can have all the money I only want to stagger new york a desert scene with a hundred camels and real sand brought over from the holy land I'm going to have a Babylonian banquet that you give for your lover in the second act the governor of judia A punctious pilot with your slaves all around you.  You're crazy. What do you mean? Egos listen to you oscar. You're a pure case of leaping paranoia lily.   You're going to put on the passion play. Oh, you having a hundred dollars to your name I can raise millions millions. Yes, and I know how you intend to raise them Get my name on a contract and go out peddling it shake down some new angel on the strength of my reputation Well, no, thank you. I'm through being your meal ticket You're at liberty to call up any one of my banks in the morning your banks You mean the ones that are taking your theaters away from you. That's a lie.  It would be a blessing to all concerned Lily what in heaven's name are you talking about mr Web is no longer with me. I fired him for stealing.   Thank you, but I've decided to stay mortal with a responsible management Max jacob I can't believe it. No, read the papers in the morning then. He's got paresis I had to fire him to protect the health of my office horse He's a thief besides Illiterate he can hardly write his name. He writes them on checks. All right and great big checks, too It's money you want. That's what you want. Just another Broadway hand.   I gave them to you.  Well, as sure as there's a god in heaven Mildred Plotka, you'll wind up where you belong in burlesque Bring them on out to the whole train out to the whole world Mildred Plotka Conductor throw this man out throw him off the train Come here darling come over here. That was a fun that excerpt from your brilliant production of 20th century Thanks to Lula. I find it a lot of fun working in the theater too. I bet you do and hosey You directed the play for broadway didn't you? Well as a matter of fact, uh Oh, I read the wonderful notices the critics gave you. Yes, they certainly were not only for your direction But for your acting well, they were and I understand the theater is selling out But should make you very happy. Well, of course darling. I know you'd like to go on I was telling you how wonderful your play is, but I simply must interrupt you Well, if you'd only give me a chance to say something then you could interrupt me Oh, of course darling go right ahead Well, all I wanted to say was that I'd like to go up to my dressing room and change my shirt I'll be back in a moment. Oh, I of course darling go right ahead You're ringing where that's it right through there darling. You gave a wonderful performance You were superb and so beautifully directed. See you later darling Bull Well, Gloria, Gloria, it's so nice to have a motion picture star on the program Who isn't here just to plug some picture she just made Your picture was such an enormous success darling that doesn't need any plug Well, what's the news from out in Hollywood? You mean what's new along Sunset Boulevard? You slip on in didn't you darling? Well, let's forget business and just just talk some old-fashioned girl talk Just between the two of us. Yes a girl talk just between the three of us Oh, Margaret. I forgot all about you. Oh, Gloria. You know Margaret O'Brien of course. Yes. Hello Margaret Hello, Gloria darling Margaret is going to become an actress in the theater. Isn't that sweet? Well, Gloria, I bet you must be exhausted from working in the theater. Oh, yes, we'd have a cigarette Uh, no, thank you Tullula. I don't care for one now Have a cigar darling And no, thank you Margaret darling cigar. Oh, I just carry it to put me at my ease Well, Gloria, I was in Hollywood, you know just a couple of weeks ago I saw everybody and everybody was talking about the I'll change Everybody was talking about you know who? Oh, yes. He's been behaving terribly. I hear Terribly. He had me a country to come to the studio with the What's her name with what's her name? Where was her husband? Oh, darling. He was driving that blonde. Who's it down to palm of what's your what's him a college? Tullula, no You don't say darling Margaret sweet. You don't know what we're talking about. Oh, yes. I do. I've heard this story before what? This is the first time I heard the details Well, may I ask did you hear this story? Oh from some of the kids on the lot Dean Stockwell Lionel Barramore That kid Lionel is incorrigible. I'm gonna tell his kids sister Ethel about it Oh Tullula, I almost forgot and I I don't know whether I should mention this or not But I just read in the paper where that certain friend of yours got that wonderful award for the best motion picture performance of the year for the critic circle Which proved what I've always suspected the critic circle is a bunch of squares Well, don't you agree darling? Well, I'd like to but I might want to make another picture in another 20 years Well, now what was the matter with the picture you made that that sunset street? I thought it was brilliant It's sunset boulevard Tullula. Oh, well, I saw it in the neighborhood Well, whatever it was called it certainly deserved the award because the same thing you know happened to me a few years ago When I made a magnificent picture. Oh, yes, I saw it lifesaver, wasn't it? You were superb life boat darling. Well, whatever flavor it was. I I thought you gave the outstanding performance of the year Ladies if I may say a word Oh, you back her day speaking of great pictures You're forgetting a picture that I made this year Cyrano de Bergerac Darling, don't stick your nose into this argument Well, I made a picture once called Journey for Margaret and I thought it would win the critics award And when it didn't did I write them a nasty letter This child will someday grow up to be the president of the united states If you would like to know a quick easy way to ease the pain of a headache neuritis or neuralgia Then by all means try anisin Your own dentist or physician may at one time or another have handed you an envelope containing anisin tablets Then you already know how incredibly fast and effectively anisin brings relief Anisin is like a doctor's prescription That is anisin contains not just one but a combination of medically proven active ingredients For your own sake try anisin Anisin is sold to you on this guarantee If the first few tablets do not give you all the relief you want as fast as you want it You may return the unused portion and your money will be refunded You can get anisin tablets at any drug counter Anisin comes in handy boxes of 12 and 30 tablets and economical family size bottles of 50 and 100 Jose, I want you to have a little talk with Margaret O'Brien She's so interested in becoming an actress in the theater And I really don't know of a more expert artist she can come to for advice Well, that's quite flattering Kalula. I'd appreciate any help you can give me mr. Ferrer I know the child is quite young Nonsense one of the greatest parts of a written was for a young girl Because the character was supposed to have been 14 years old I'm referring of course to Juliet of the immortal Romeo and Juliet Uh, how old are you child? Oh, I just turned 14 You know you might well play it at that. Oh this little girl played Juliet Jose Some of the greatest actresses of the theater played it Jane Carl Julia Marlowe Captain Cornel, Miss Ethel Barrymore I know to Lula, but I've always thought it would be interesting to have the 14-year-old Juliet Played by a 14-year-old actress I wonder if you would read a scene with me Margaret, the famous balcony scene Oh, may I? Jose, are you mad? Now how can a 14-year-old child run the gamut of emotion necessary to portray the exacting role of a girl Torn from the arms of the man she loves Frustrated every turn by parents who finally drive the lover to their destruction What could this child possibly know about love? Why, when I was 14 years old I never Margaret, maybe you'd better try to play it Oh, excuse me to Lula before Mr. Ferrer and Miss O'Brien appear as Romeo and Juliet I wish to say that this portion of the program was brought to you by RCA Victor World leader in radio, first in recorded music, first in television And by the makers of Anderson For fast relief from pain of headache, urinus and neuralgia Now to Lula, will you bring your chime? This is NBC, the national broadcasting company This is The Big Show And Margaret O'Brien, one of the guest stars, is about to realize her lifelong ambition To become an actress in the legitimate theater All right everybody on stage, a star is about to be born I want you all to watch this, Vivian Blaine What's going on? Josef Ferrer is going to act out a beautiful scene with Margaret O'Brien That guy is going to act with that little doll Vivian, what is this guy's and doll's talk? You mean that you don't know what a guy is and what a doll is From the play of the same name where I talk like this? No, I don't know what a guy is and a doll is From the play of the same name where you talk like that, darling Well listen to me, I'll be glad to explain you And darling, they've been trying to explain me for years Well to Lula darling, I'll explain you very simple Do you ever go to Lindy's for a bite? If I'm going to be bitten, I'd rather be bitten at the store club What I mean is, do you ever go to eat at Lindy's? No, I rarely dress for dinner Yes, from this a person can catch a cold Well what about Lindy's? Well, we'll say for instance Lindy is packed to the gills It is impossible physically, if you'll pardon the expression, to squeeze If you'll pardon the expression, another person But at one table for four are sitting two fellas And the other two seats are bare If you'll pardon the expression So the two girls walk over to the table Where the two fellas are sitting with the two bare seats And they ask the two fellas, politely, are the two bare seats occupied But the fellas go on eating and don't even answer Well those two girls are dolls And the two men are guys They're slobs But if they invited the girls to have dinner with them, would there be guys? Well if it's Dutch treat, they're guys But if the guys paid for the girls' dinners Oh, well those guys would be dolls So those are the kind of people that are in your show, guys and dolls Would I fit into your show? Well, if you were in our show, we'd have to call it guys and darling Well Vivian, although your explanation was confusing, I must admit it was quite dull Likewise, I'm sure And so let's get back to Margaret O'Brien and the part of Juliet Vivian, have you seen Juliet? Not since the show opened I've been meaning to call her, but I've been so busy Vivian dear, Juliet has been dead for years No kidding! Now I'm really sorry I didn't call her You know, a patient should never put off till tomorrow Yes, well we all have to go sometime Sammy, Sam Levine, come over here I want you to watch this too What's the pitch? Margaret O'Brien and Jose Ferreira are doing a scene from Romeo and Juliet And for this you broke up my pinnacle game That's Sam It's that wonderful scene where Romeo meets Juliet on the balcony A very good place to meet a doll I met more dolls in the balcony of Lois Pitkin Theatre This balcony happens to be Lois Verona And Ken Murray, wait a minute, now where are you sneaking off to? Aren't you interested in Romeo and Juliet? Oh sure, I'm smoking one now I'm talking about Jose Ferreira That's a good cigar too I mean Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet Oh yes, Tallulah, I'm sorry, I know it very well Oh did you ever play Romeo and Juliet? Oh sure How did you do? Ran second, paid $16.80 to play Gloria Swanson, Fran Warren, let's listen to Jose Ferreira play Romeo to Margaret O'Brien's Juliet Go ahead, Jose Well Margaret, are you familiar with the lines of the scene? Oh yes, we kids on the lot used to play Romeo and Juliet all the time I'll bet that Lionel Balmore kid must have made a great Romeo Well now, why don't we try a few lines from the scene that begins But soft, what light through yonder window breaks Do you remember?  Deny thy father and refuse thy name O, if thou will not be but sworn my love And I'll no longer be a Capulet Shall I hear more, or shall I speak of this? Tis but thy name that is my enemy Thou art thyself, though not a Montague What's Montague? It is nor hand, nor foot, nor arm, nor face Nor any other part belonging to a man Be some other name, what's in a name That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet So Romeo would, were he not Romeo called Retain that dear perfection which he owes without that title And Romeo, doth thy name And for thy name which is no part of thee I take all myself I take thee at thy word Call me but love, and I'll be new baptized Henceforth I never will be Romeo But man art thou that thus be screened in night So stumblest on my counsel By a name I know not how to tell thee who I am My name, dear saint, is hateful to myself Because it is an enemy to thee Had I had written, I would tear the word My ears have not yet drunk a hundred words of thy tongue's uttering Yet I know the sound Art thou not Romeo and a Montague Neither fair maid, if either thee dislike How came this thou hither? Tell me, and wherefore The orchard walls are high and hard to climb And the place death Considering who thou art If any of my kinsmen find thee here With love's light wings that I owe approach these walls For stony limits cannot hold love out And what love can do, that dares love attempt Therefore thy kinsmen are no let to me It is almost morning I would have thee gone And yet no father than a wanton's bird Who lets it hop a little from her hand And with a silk thread plucks it back again So loving and jealous of his liberty I would I were thy bird Sweet, so would I Yet I could kill thee with much cherishing Good night, good night Harding is such sweet sorrow I shall say good night till it be morrow Thank you, darlings, and who say your little contribution Was as usual divine Isn't he sweet? Just a minute, kid I wouldn't bow that low if I were you Your rubber panties are showing Tallulah, I was only acknowledging the plaudits of the multitude I wish I had time to get to the famous death scene That might be a rainy start If you'll give me a moment to go out and get a little something I'd like to see you do the poison drinking scene But would you enjoy that, Tallulah?  I think she's done real good You think she's done real good? I think she did real good All right, did real good The little dolls got class But Sam, darling, the role of Juliet should be played by an actress Who's had much more experience than Margaret has had She's so young All right, I'll give you that She ain't no Irene did Well, make up your mind Juliet requires such a depth of perception Such inner fire Oh, Margaret did very well indeed But of course you can't... Well, you can't expect a child to have the third dimension that I have Well, it's as broad as it's long Personally, I think she made a fine Juliet I'd like to hear you do it better I was wondering when you'd stop ad-libbing and get to that line I'll show you a side of Juliet you never saw before From a balcony? Oh, Romeo, Romeo Wherefore art thou, darling? Right under the fire escape Deny thy father and refuse thy name Refuse my name? All right, so I'm Jessica Dragonette Don't you know the romantic story of Romeo and Juliet? Well, let me put it this way No You've never heard of Romeo and Juliet? So kill me, I never heard of it Sam, you're in the theater, where have you been all these years? Well, three men, a horse, room service, light up the sky, and now I'm in guys and dolls But this Shakespeare I don't dig already So don't dig it, let him lay there already And I'll tell you the story of Romeo and Juliet Or as you would call it, a guy and a doll And this guy, Romeo, comes from a wealthy family The Montague, they're in the woollen business Ice business? Legit Yeah And the doll's family is well-heeled too The Capulets, they operate a chain of flower stores And that's how she knows and arose by another name Still, if you'll pardon the expression, smell Well, that figures And from the flower shops, they make money? They're so all right They do a little book making him back at the store Well, that's So the guy and the doll, they got a yen for each other But the family's object Ah, before they married, they already got mother-in-law trouble No, it ain't the mother-in-law, it's the fathers You see, the old man in the Montague, he's in the woollen business And old man Capulet is in the flower business So where's the competition? The Montague's make suits without buttonholes and the lapels And it's ruining the Capulet flower business What a lousy trick So the guy and the doll want to get married, so they elope And later the doll's father don't know she's married So he wants her to marry another guy So the doll lays down on the bed and makes it look like she's dead And Romeo finds and thinks she is dead, so he kills himself And when the doll wakes up and she finds the guy has knocked himself off So the doll knocks herself off Well, that's the finish of the play That's the finish That is the finish Well, I don't know You don't know what? If they got some big hit songs, it's got a chance What's the name of that play again? Death of a Woollen Salesman What difference does it make? You wouldn't understand if I spent the rest of this year explaining it to you And there isn't much left of this year 1950 is almost over And in a few hours, it'll be 1951 A new year I don't know where the time goes It seems there should be another month in the year To do all the things we forgot to do A month to remember what we forgot October, November, December, remember Hit even rhymes, doesn't it, darling? A whole month of days To remember a kindly deed, we should have done it A soft word we could have spoken A friendly smile we should have restored Jose, what do you think? Well, I think that your month of remember should have at least 31 days We could all use 31 days of grace Devoted to undoing some of the unthinking things we did during the year Well said, Jose And I think we can carry the idea further And make it a month for the whole world to stop and remember What a wonderful place this could be to live in If man would really be brother to man You're so right, Gloria If the grown-ups would only take this month of remember Not to forget that the world they're making today Is a world the kids of my age are going to have to live in tomorrow Margaret, that's a beautiful pitch Every grift around Broadway Every crumb on every street corner Every tin horn on 42nd Street If we could only give them an extra month to remember They might have less to try to forget When they go to sleep at night Yes, Sam And with this extra month of remember What a chance it would be for the guys and dolls on Broadway and in Hollywood To remember that there's a real world outside the little dream world they live in You're so right, Vivian I sure could use that extra month Just to sit around and remember all the kind and unselfish people Who helped me up a few rungs of that long, rough ladder Fran, that's a beautiful sentiment You know, I didn't think too kindly about this extra month at first I got to thinking about the extra bills Would come in on the first to remember And the income tax on remember the 15 But believe me give me that extra month to remember some of the things I could have done better in the 12 months we've had And I'll pay those extra bills Can you're right But Tallulah, you know what I would do if We could make this a universal month I'd spend every one of the days talking to people everywhere in the world In the universal language Music Then tell the world, Meredith With some of the new and lovely words of that universal language Some of the great songs from some of the great shows of the year passed by It's the big show medley of the big shows of 1950 Opening with one of the newest and guest from the most recent of musical hits Meredith Wilson the big show orchestra and chorus in Guys and Dolls Music From South Pacific, Vivian Blaine sings I'm gonna wave that much that man Robertson Orchestra in Meredith's arrangement of Irving Berlin's smash hit from Call Me Madam A great 1950 hit Here's one of the best from Kiss Me Kate A big song of 1950 Oh Broadway and say that I'll be there Oh you darlings thank you darlings And now I think it would be very nice if the orchestra And all the cast and everybody would sing Old Lang Syne But Miss Bankhead we already did that You see nobody ever tells me anything on this program Blinks this winds up our new year show And we asked you to be with us at this time next week When our stars would be Fred Allen Marlene Dietrich Portland Huffer Edward G. Robinson Danny Thomas Fran Warren and others And of course Meredith Wilson And his big show orchestra and chorus Until then May the good Lord bless and keep you For the near or far away friend May you find that long In a time stand With sunlight shining And a bluebird in every tree Be yourself Fill your dreams with sweet tomorrows Never mind what might have been With a sunlight shot And a bluebird May there be a silver May the good Lord bless and keep you Until we meet again Frank Wilson The big show is directed and produced by D. Engelbach And written by Goodman Ace With George Foster and Mort Green And Alice later here at Theatre Guild State Fair on NBC


Hello everyone, I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor of the Department of Education, Mrs. Khanna Girls Trudy College, University of Allahabad and I am here to discuss with you all the history, significance and theme of International Women's Day which is annually celebrated on 8th March and I will discuss the theme of year 2024 with all of you. So let's start International Women's Day International Women's Day which is annually celebrated on 8th March. What is the history, since when, what is the reason for celebrating it, what is the importance and what is the theme and who decides its theme and every year according to the theme it is celebrated all over the world because it is International Women's Day. So if we look at its history according to UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, International Women's Day emerged from the activities of labour movements in North America and Europe in the 20th century. That is, according to UNESCO, the International Women's Day has emerged, it has arisen, it has arisen. Why? Because in North America and Europe, the labour movement in the 20th century, that is, you can say that it has been celebrated after their activities. So when was it celebrated? The first National Women's Day was observed in the United States on February 28, 1909. If we look at it this way, it is 100 years old but it is officially started later. So the first National Women's Day, well, this is the National Women's Day, after which it was celebrated only in the United States. Later it has been celebrated as International Women's Day. That is why its history has also changed. So the first National Women's Day was celebrated in the United States, it was celebrated for the first time on 28th March, 1909. In commemoration of the 1988 garment workers' strike in New York, during which women protested against harsh working conditions. That is, in 1908, in New York, the workers of Poshak used to work there. They striked and the women protested and opposed, because the harsh working conditions were put in front of them. Women protested against the government workers' strike and in the same memory, on 28th March, 1909, in the United States of America, the first National Women's Day was celebrated. After that, what happens? The United Nations Charter of 1945 became the first international agreement to affirm equality between men and women. Later in 1945, when this United Nations Charter came, the first International Women's Day was an agreement which took a positive response from all of them, that men and women should be equal among men and women. Later on, March 8, 1975, during International Women's Day, this International Women's Day was going on for a year. In that, the United Nations first official International Women's Day was celebrated on 8th March, 1975. That is, from 1975, each year, on 8th March, the International Women's Day is celebrated on the World's World's Washbix Charter. Since then, the UN has become the primary sponsor of the annual event. Since then, the primary sponsor of the United Nations Charter is the International Women's Day, which is the event of the Warshik. And has encouraged countries around the world to embrace its goal of celebrating acts of courage and determination by ordinary women who have played an extraordinary role in the history of their countries and communities. That is, the first International Women's Day was celebrated on 28th March, in the United States, which was the International Women's Day. Why was it celebrated? Because the government government strike, the workers' strike in New York. Why? Because there were harsh working conditions against them. Then, the United Nations Charter comes in 1945, which states that women and men should be equal among men. After that, on 8th March, the International Women's Day is celebrated on 8th March, and since then, the UN has been the primary sponsor of the event. And it encourages countries around the world that the ordinary women who work very hard every day in their countries and communities, should be equal among men. That courage, that courage, that determination, that determination, that determination, that determination should be celebrated by you. Then what is the significance of this day? International Women's Day is a global event. It is celebrated worldwide, in various places. Focused on recognizing the social, economic, cultural and political achievements of women. And since it is a special day for women, you should recognize those women who, as you can call them, are from politics, sanskritik, and art, they have achieved some very special achievements. Recognize them. Focused on that. IWD, the International Women's Day, serves as an opportunity to raise awareness. And this day is also because you can be a witness of awareness, of awareness, against whom, against gender inequality and gender equality issues, that there should be a sense of language. There should be no discrimination between men and women. There are many rules, many rules, all of these are as smooth as you can see. And advocate for progress towards a more equitable world. And when we advocate, as you call it, advocate means that you can talk to the right person, you can advocate for him, you can put a mark on him, that we shouldn't do that. There should be no discrimination between men and women. Through various events and initiatives, many events are held, many events are organized, many initiatives are given. IWD empowers individuals and communities to learn about the challenges women face and work towards solutions. If you can't feel it, you should be told, you should know that all the challenges women face, and we have to work towards those challenges. It is celebrated to spread the message of gender equality to create a better society free of gender bias. And this is why it is made that we can express this message that gender equality should be there. There should be language equality, there should be no discrimination based on the language, so that we can march in a society where there should be no language discrimination, there should be no bias, there should be no apprehension, there should be no myth that a boy can do this, a girl can do this. Everybody is an individual and has unique potentialities and capability within. So you should consider them individual. Why do you consider them gender-based? They celebrate women and addresses issues such as women's equal rights, violence and abuse against women and reproductive rights. You will know that you have to serve a trafficking organization and you will decide whether you want the women to act or not. Women will be satisfied because women can come into the community to prove themselves as agent and want to protect the就 like community to the whole society. Women even Start harassing I don't think they were in India or anywhere else. In fact, there are many laws here that have come before us. Okay, and the theme. Every year, the United Nations decides on its theme. This International Women's Day, 8th March, 2024, joined the United Nations in celebrating another theme. What is the theme this time? Invest in women, accelerate progress. They are saying that you should invest in women.  Invest in them so that you can accelerate progress. In comparison to if you invest in men. So, and what is targeting? Economic disempowerment. What we have been following since the past year, our GDP is less, our share price is less, we are not able to be self-dependent economically. That is their theme. However, the campaign theme for the same year is Inspire Inclusion. In other words, Inspire Inclusion. Procure it so that it can be a summary. Whose summary can it be? The women's summary can be a summary. Every place, every share price can be their summary. So, Inclusion is a big term. But here, the theme for Women's Day is particularly for women. So, the campaign theme is Inspire Inclusion. In which, what theme did the UN decide? Invest in women, accelerate progress. Okay, the campaign theme inspires Inclusion and emphasizes the importance of diversity and empowerment in all aspects of society. That is, in every aspect of the society, we can make women independent. And the importance of the diversity is given. This year's campaign theme underscores the crucial role of Inclusion in achieving gender equality. They are saying that if you include it, then we can pass on the language. It calls for action to break down barriers, challenge stereotypes and create environments where all women are valued and respected. They are saying that you do something that can break barriers and barriers that are against you. The stereotype set is that women can only do this, women can't do this, women can't do this. They have to challenge them, that is, we have to overcome them and create environments. And in this way, we have to implement all women's principles. They have to be given principles. They have to be devalued and respected. The world is facing many crises ranging from geopolitical conflicts to soaring property levels and the escalating impacts of climate change. They are saying that there are many difficulties in the world, there are many kinds of conflicts, there is poverty, climate change is being talked about, a lot of things have gone wrong. These challenges can only be addressed by solutions that empower women. We can address these challenges only when we challenge women. Why? Because women are a part of the population, so when half of your population is weak, the whole body can never be strong. By investing in women, we can spark change and speed the transition towards a healthier, safer and more equal world world. If we invest in women, then that change will come, that change will come, from which we will get a better, safer and equal society. We will get a better, safer and equal society. Investing in women and championing gender equality, turbocharges, a future where everyone in society can try creating a world of boundless opportunity and empowerment for all. They are saying that if you invest in women, then gender equality will come and a future like this, turbocharges will get a better, better power in the future where everyone in society can try to create a world of boundless opportunity and empower everyone. So, in this way, I, Dr. Rashmi Singh, wish you all a very happy new year. Wish you all a very happy international women's day. Thank you.


Hello everyone. In the last couple of lectures, we have talked about Microwave Theory and Technique course outline different books used. We talked about the Microwave Transmitter and Receiver Block Diagram. We also talked about Microwave components and it was followed by Link Budget. Today, let us just see what are the different systems we are going to cover in this particular course. So, let us start with something which you all people are used to your mobile phone. So, mobile phone actually speaking you can just see here a simple mobile phone, but in this particular simple mobile phone there are too many things are there. So, let us start from here. So, there is an antenna which is used for transmit as well as receive here. So, you are transmitting a signal and receiving a signal. So, now over here one can see there is a diplexer or filter because the transmitter and receive frequencies are different. So, over here you can see that this is the transmit chain and this is the receive chain. So, we had looked into the transmitter block diagram as well as receiver block diagram. So, you can see there are lot of similarities are there. So, you can say here there is a diplexer filter. So, which will only filter out the desired thing. So, it is also known as a double band band pass filter. So, one band is for this particular case and this is for the another one not this filter signal comes to the RF low noise amplifier. After that it goes to the mixer you can see here there is a local oscillator then it comes to IF amplifier there is a IF filter there is a demodulator. And so, you can see that this block diagram looks very similar to what I had shown you ok. Let us also look at the transmitter chain again. So, you can see that there is a modulator over here I will talk about these things little later modulator then there is an IF amplifier there is a mixer which does up conversion. So, this is slightly different than the block diagram which I had shown you, but otherwise you can see that all it is doing it is doing the up conversion. So, here modulation is done at lower frequency and then conversion is done to the higher frequency and this is the RF power amplifier. So, typically for a mobile phone this amplifier may give about roughly 1 watt of output power and in some system it may be even 2 watt output system then it goes through the filter and antenna. Now, what are these things over here? So, you can see here there is a microprocessor controller which actually has this all this human interface dialing memory battery power control and here is the data which you want to send which can be in the form of video data or speech. These things then go to because that may be a signal here could be you can say analog signal that is converted to the digital signal and then through the local oscillator some up conversion is done as I said this is done at a slightly lower frequency and then it is done at a higher frequency. So, this is what is a general block diagram. However, current mobile phones are much more complicated they have many many more things in there they also have a GPS receiver which is not shown over here. So, this is basically just to give you a general glimpse of the block diagram, but as I said the current mobile phones may have a GPS receiver they may have accelerator meter and so many things ok. So, now when there are too many mobile phones are there there is a requirement for jammer also. So, first of all what is a jammer? In fact, we also gave a name as silencer. So, what is a mobile phone jammer? Basically it generates noise which should be larger than the signal strength in that particular location. So, if the noise is larger then the signal received by the mobile phone will get confused and hence it will actually show that there is a no network available. Now, there can be different types of mobile phone jammer it can be a low power, medium power, high power basic purpose is a low power jammer will have a small range a high power jammer will have a larger range.  Now, these jammers can be single band jammer or multi band jammer that means, either you are just jamming only one particular band or multiple band you are doing. The antennas can be two type omnidirectional antenna which will actually speaking omnidirectional antenna has a radiation pattern which radiates in this particular direction equally, but in the vertical direction radiation is not there it has a radiation pattern in this particular fashion which makes a figure of 8. So, when we talk about antenna will talk more about it. Directional antennas are antennas which send signal in a particular direction. So, where do we need to use mobile phone jammer there are lots of application. So, I will actually first start with the prison. Now, these days there are several jails where prisoners are actually able to smuggle in the mobile phones and then they do anti social activities even though they are in the prison. So, we need to install jammers in the prison. Now colleges many colleges these days are installing jammers specially during the exam time. I mean if you had seen a Munna Bhai MBBS movie in that movie one of the hero actually uses mobile phone for cheating purposes. In fact, that has created lot of problems. So, many colleges now have started installing jammers and also students are using mobile phones in the colleges. So, they are not concentrating on their studies and hence many colleges are also installing jammers. In meeting seminar rooms I mean your meeting is going on and somebody is mobile phone rings. So, of course, it is a nuisance. So, many times they install these jammers even in religious places let us say if you are going to some place to do R T and some mobile phone rings it is very annoying. Now VIP movement required jammer because these days many of the bombs are getting triggered by remotely mobile phone. So, even in the court and theater people have started installing jammer. So, jammers have lot of applications that way. Now this is signal enhancer and repeater. Signal enhancers and repeaters are basically nothing but the devices which amplify the weak signal in a given particular area. Now these signal enhancers again can be single band or multi band, it can have a gain or power, it can be low, medium, high depending upon in how much area you want to amplify the signal again it may have omni or directional antenna. So, what are the applications? So, I will actually start first in general that many hotels actually speaking have in building solution. So, in building solution consists of lot of power dividers couplers filters antennas and repeaters. So, that is how they are able to give signal in almost every possible room. But so, here any room or any hall wherever there is a no signal sometimes in the open space there is a possibility that signal may be V. Inside the lift you know that if it is specially a metallic lift you might have noticed that your mobile phone does not work and garage or parking lot specially underground parking lot signal is very very weak. So, they do install signal enhancers over there. GPS and GSM modules now GSM modules of course, are there inside the mobile phone even many mobile phones have GPS, but these nowadays these are separately available also. So, you can buy separately GPS module you can buy separately GSM module. In fact, nowadays even combined GPS and GSM modules are also available. So, GPS works at a frequency of 15 75 megahertz and the bandwidth is plus minus 10 megahertz. So, GPS can be used for many many application. So, for example, you can save GPS data in a memory and you can retrieve it later or you can transmit the data using GSM module or you can transmit using transceivers. There are several applications are there of course, these days people do car booking another thing also. So, which has a location finder. So, which actually has a GPS and other thing, but so in general you can use it for vehicle tracking, remote monitoring, location identification even some people use it for people tracking also. Now RF transceivers, what is a RF transceiver basically you can say mobile phone is an example of RF transceiver. So, RF transceiver consists of transmitter receiver. So, the combination of this is known as transceiver you can see that trans coming from here and this part is coming from here ok. So, by using RF transceiver one can transmit the data at a specified frequency. Now in India we have to use wireless planning commission and this comes under the umbrella of DOT which is department of telecommunication. In USA the corresponding body is FCC. Now in India RF transmitters transceivers are there 433 866 2.45 5.8, but I just want to mention here 433 megahertz band has not been approved in India, but almost you can say majority of the other countries do use 433 megahertz as transceiver, but this is not allowed in India as of now. Of course, when you are talking about transceiver what are the important things, what is the data rate at which you can transmit and what is the bandwidth allocated for that particular band. And of course, there are many applications are there you can use it for security purpose you can use for sending alarm or you can use for distress messaging and so on. RFID I am sure many of you are familiar with radio frequency identification might have use active or passive tag. So, you can just see here this is a passive tag over here you can see a simple one there is a this is one is a RF reader through the RF reader antenna is there. So, in this particular case we transmit the signal and what passive tag really implies that there is a no battery. So, what happens it gets the signal through this transmitted power and that signal is converted to DC voltage and then it sends back the signal and that is how the identification takes place. In case of active tag this may actually have its own battery. So, the advantage of having a battery is that the range is much larger. The disadvantages of course, you need a battery and the battery needs to be changed at different times. So, there are several frequencies which have been approved by WPC wireless planning commission in India. So, 125 kilohertz 13.56 megahertz 866 megahertz 2.45 gigahertz 5.8. So, you can really see there is a huge spectrum starting from kilohertz up to gigahertz. So, that is why there are lots of applications are there. So, it can be used in the retail it can be used for library management, vehicle license plate, e-passport, product tracking, animal tracking, electronic toll collection and so on. So, let us talk about ground penetrating radar. What is a ground penetrating radar in a very simple manner what we have here? This is a transmitting antenna which is sending the signal down and let us say there is an object and the wave gets reflected from this particular object and this is the receiver antenna. So, what it does here? This is used for buried objects it can be used for land mine detection, buried objects can be even it can be a gold it can be just buried copper cables or it can be a you know buried steel and so on. So, basically what the principle is that reflected amplitude and phase are captured for reconstruction of images for underground object.   So, just you give a general idea if the frequency is around 1 gigahertz the depth of penetration can be about 40 to 50 centimeter, but if you want a larger depth then you have to use lower frequencies. So, radar systems are of course, used for defense system. So, I am not talking about the defense system right now most of the time they are secret things. So, let us not talk about the secret things. So, what are the public domain things let us talk about that. So, these days radar systems are being used for many automobile application. So, we have some of these lower frequency region compared to this it is lower of course, otherwise 10 gigahertz or 24 gigahertz are very high frequency just to give you a little bit of a perspective most of the mobile phones work at 1 to 2 gigahertz Wi-Fi works at 2.45 gigahertz. So, 10 gigahertz is definitely larger than that, but now these 10 gigahertz or 24 gigahertz radar systems these are actually being used to measure speed of the vehicle. So, you might be familiar with the speed gun. So, basically speed guns are nothing, but used to monitor the speed of the vehicle and majority of the police would have these kind of a speedometer. So, that they can actually find out who is driving very fast and of course, then you may get a ticket. Of course, in India speedometers are not very popular, but abroad almost all the other countries do have police vehicles which are actually have these radars to measure the speed, but here I am talking about one additional application and that is to measure length of the vehicle. So, there are now these 10 gigahertz 24 gigahertz radar systems. So, not only they can measure the speed of the vehicle, they can also measure the length of the vehicle. So, in fact, we have worked on some of these system. So, where we could actually speaking what we did that we actually put this particular radar system next to the highway and we went early morning around 6 30 a.m. and we could actually see that you know when a Maruti car goes or a bigger car goes or a truck goes. So, you get actually a larger signature and with this particular thing then you can measure the speed as well as length of the vehicle. In fact, when we were doing the testing we found these to be extremely sensitive also and we can even detect hand movement also, but of course, the distance is up to only about 5 to 10 meter. Now these days of many automobiles especially high end automobiles and of course, driverless automobiles are using 77 gigahertz radar system and these are again now collision avoidance for the vehicle. And recently now all these things are also available in the module form. So, you can actually speaking by the module in fact, 77 gigahertz module is just approximately about 10 centimeter by 10 centimeter size. You can see it is really small and you can actually mount in the vehicle and majority of all these driverless vehicles do have that. As I mentioned some of the high end vehicles like high end mercedes they do have these kind of a high power radars. Then this is a again a becoming a very very important topic which is a RF energy harvesting system. So, why it is important? First of all I will tell you these days in the atmosphere we have too many RF signals, we have too many cell towers working at CDMA, GSM 900, 1800, then 3G, 4G, we have Wi-Fi modems almost everywhere these days. We have Wi-Fi enabled airports, Wi-Fi enabled colleges, Wi-Fi enabled railway stations. Now they are talking about Wi-Fi enabled cities. So, these signals are available almost everywhere. So, what is this RF energy harvesting system that you can use some of these available signal in the available in the environment or you can actually use this as a stand alone unit also. So, first of all let me just tell you quickly the block diagram. So, what RF energy system has it has an antenna then along with an antenna there is a matching circuit in between basically this circuit is required. What we generally need is an antenna should receive the signal and that should go to RF to DC conversion, but the rectifier input impedance is very different than the antenna impedance. Hence we need a lossless matching circuit and in this particular course we will talk about lot of different type of lossless matching network. So, this combination again part comes from rectifier and this part is coming from an antenna. So, that is how the term is rectina. So, this now RF to DC conversion we got a DC voltage over here that can go to the charging circuit which can charge a battery or it can be used for low power devices also. So, may not require for example, as I said RFID really speaking does not have any battery, but it actually uses straight way. In fact, RFID would not have any of these thing RFID at this particular point only it will go to the circuit which will send the signal. So, now we have designed this particular circuit. So, just to show you here one of the example. So, here we have actually designed a broadband monopole antenna why broadband? So, that we can receive the signal right from CDMA which starts around 800 megahertz up to Wi-Fi which is 2.5 gigahertz. So, we designed this broadband antenna and then this portion what you see over here that has actually RF to DC conversion as well as matching circuits all of that fits over here ok and you can see the size idea you can get there is a mobile phone over here. So, now just to give the demonstration here then a mobile phone starts ringing. So, we initiated a call from here this antenna received the signal and now you see what is the DC voltage measured by this that is 6.76 volt that is huge voltage which is sufficient to charge a battery. Now, just to tell you what we also did. So, we made multiple units of this. So, we put one unit on this side and we put another unit over here and we took this DC output of this and DC output of this and we put combined and over here we got more than 13 volt. So, that means, you can put one rectifier circuit here another retina or RF energy harvesting system and put a mobile phone. So, if you actually speaking put mobile phone in the speaker mode. So, while you are talking speaker mode you can use this voltage and you can even use this voltage to charge a battery. So, that would be a simple thing for mobile phone, but this particular thing can also be taken next to the cell tower and in fact, we have done some of these experiments also. So, when we talk about energy harvesting system we will talk about some of these things in more detail. Let us look at what are the different types of microwave equipment. So, we have a something like a microwave generator there are varieties of microwave generators are there. There are microwave generators may give output of only up to 1 gigahertz or up to 3 gigahertz or 10 gigahertz or 20 gigahertz of course, there are microwave generators at 100 gigahertz also. Then these microwave generators may have other features also they may have things like amplitude modulation built in a frequency modulation or it may have a digital modulation built into it. So, that you know when you get an output you can get a modulated signal output also. So, here in general microwave generator you can change the frequency from a low frequency value to a higher frequency low frequency can be in kilohertz also up to gigahertz and the output power also can be changed from a very small value which can be even let us say minus 100 dB to up to even plus 10 to plus 20 dBm also. Now then there is a spectrum analyzer basically spectrum analyzer is a equipment which measures the spectrum of a given signal. So, what you see over here that there is a signal is present over here and this is nothing, but a noise floor. So, again in spectrum analyzer majority of the time what you do you actually set the start frequency and the stop frequency and then you can see the spectrum of a given signal. So, then we have a network analyzer. So, basically network analyzer is used to measure the S parameters of a device ah S parameters also we will discuss in more detail, but just in a simple form suppose if this device is an amplifier. So, we connect the input over here we connect the output over here. So, you can actually measure the gain of the amplifier. Now if you have done a simple experiment in the analog circuits lab.  So, generally speaking to get the frequency response measure. So, what you do let us say you want to do frequency response from 1 kilo Hertz to 20 kilo Hertz. So, you will give 1 kilo Hertz you measure there you give 2 kilo Hertz then measure the value then 3 then up to 20 and then you will sit down and plot the graph. Well network analyzer does all of those things in a very simple manner all you need to do it is you give the start frequency you give the end frequency you give the step frequency and then you connect this particular thing of course, before connecting you have to do one thing you have to do the calibration over here the calibrations are in the form of short circuit open circuit and match load. So, once you do this particular calibration network analyzer is ready to do the testing and you connect that and you will straight way get the plot you will get the plot of reflection coefficient also you will get the plot for transmission coefficient. So, what is reflection coefficient that will tell you what is the reflected power transmission coefficient will tell you what is the transmitted power. So, this can be used to let us say characterize a amplifier or let us say a filter or coupler or divider and so on and so forth. Now, let us look at various high power microwave system. So, of course, what you are familiar with the simple microwave oven. So, you can see a typical block diagram of a microwave oven. So, you can see here there is a power supply there is a transformer which goes to magnetron that magnetron generates a microwave frequency at 2.45 gigahertz through the waveguide it goes over here and that is actually going into the cavity where multiple reflections take place. Now, there may be a stirrer over here or there can be a turntable sometimes there may be both. So, that there is a uniform heating of the food which is kept in there, but however high power microwave systems are used also let us say communication ranges increase are just to tell you some of the defense system may even use 1 megawatt of power also and of course, microwave heating as I mentioned you may be familiar with the microwave oven, but there are many other applications are there it can be used for cooking it can be used for drying it can be used for food processing it can be even used for hyperthermia and of course, an extremely high power microwave can be used as microwave bomb alright. So, the what bomb does if this one actually basically microwave bomb transmits a very high power of small pulse which has actually a very wide bandwidth and this actually is used to destroy all the receivers. So, once a microwave bomb is put most of the receivers which actually work at a very low received power when they receive this very high power these receiver input signal get burnt. Now, microwave weapon is now reality where what they do they use high power microwave directed towards a certain segment and in fact, it has been now commercially used for crowd dispersal. So, you know that for crowd dispersal people do use tear gas or they use water cannon and here they have used high power microwave at millimeter wave frequency and by transmitting that people feel the burning sensation and they run away. Microwave imaging is now again becoming a very very important thing. So, here you can actually see that this person has concealed the gun inside the cloth, but just by looking at the image of that particular thing you can see that the gun is revealed. Now, microwave imaging can also be used in the medical thing. So, here is a one of the example where it can be used for breast cancer detection and there are many other applications are there. So, in conclusion I would like to mention that RF technology is rapidly changing lots of new advances are happening and specially now with the new two requirements which are coming up and that is 5G and IOT which full form is internet of things are just to tell you that 5G internet of things has been projected by the industry people as 7 trillion dollar market ok and just to tell you that as of now India's GDP is around 2 to 3 trillion dollar. So, you can imagine 7 trillion dollar is huge amount of money. So, there will be lots of things happening. So, I want to mention as far as India is concerned we miss the bus for 2G, 3G, 4G. So, all those things are getting imported in India. In fact, today India is one of the largest importer of let us say a apple phone. In fact, in India we have about 100 crore cell phone subscriber and only 10 crore cell phones are being manufactured in India. So, 90 crore or may be half of that 50 crore even if we say which are being imported and if you take an average price of 4000 rupees per mobile phone we are totally in you know we are importing about 2 lakh crore rupees worth of mobile phone and then all the infrastructure mobile phones and other thing are being imported. So, now 5G and internet of things if that is going to be let us say 7 trillion dollar market then Indian market itself may be touching 1 trillion dollar and that is like half to one third of the Indian economy. So, I think all the people, all the professors, all the researchers, all the industry people and students they should really seriously focus on microwave technology. So, that we should start designing in India and if we design in India then only we can make in India. So, make in India will be only successful if you do design in India. So, we really in fact, if these things are manufactured in India it will create lots of jobs in the manufacturing sector it will create lots of job in the design. So, all you engineers will get good possible job all you professors may get consultancy projects and all the engineers you have your hands full. So, I would like to mention that there is a requirement for innovating thinking to meet the demands and challenges and design is of course, the key thing and the design can be in two different segments. One thing is design would be which will be a low cost design. So, that would be very very important to compete with the rest of the world. The second thing is design could be that frontier technology you develop new technology. So, design can be from let us say low end to a very high end also. So, in this particular course we are going to look at different types of design and at different times I will tell you about what are the low cost design and where we need a high cost design especially when it comes to the defense and space application where performance is much more important and when we talk about commercial application then the cost is more important. So, we have to maintain a balance when we are doing the design of different component. So, now of course, in the next lecture I am going to first talk about microwave hazards because before you design anything whether it is a electronic product or whether let us say you are designing a bridge or the road you have to understand what are the safety requirements for that. So, in the next lectures I am going to talk about what are the health hazards possible because of the microwave radiation and what precautions need to be taken. Thank you very much. Bye.


I agree with Gorsuch, you know, you want to solve the border crisis, pass a law. You want to solve the issues, the underfunding of the courts, the underfunding of Border Patrol, the crazy asylum laws that we have, pass a law. You want to institutionalize Title 42 as forever, pass a law. The courts should not be here allowing the executive to use an order that was passed to deal with one emergency in order to deal with another emergency. I think it's wrong. I think it's a violation of the responsibility. It's a violation of the separation of powers.


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