We are very excited to be joined today by Elder David A. Bednar of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Elder Bednar, thank you for being with us today. Thank you, Brother Webb.  Thank you for being with us tonight. I'm sure you've noticed that this format is a little different than the traditional evening with the general authority. A number of years ago, Elder Bednar reminded us that teaching is not telling, that it includes listening and observing and discerning, and includes certainly an invitation of the Holy Ghost to teach us. And so in that spirit, we wanted this format to be a little different to invite that type of experience and that type of interaction with you tonight. And so we would invite you each to have a prayer in your heart to invite the Holy Ghost to teach us and we're excited to learn together through this experience. So again, thank you. We'll just jump right in. We have a number of questions and Elder Bednar will respond and maybe ask some questions and engage you in the conversation. And so we wanted to start by asking you a little bit about personal revelation. President Nelson has taught us about the importance of personal revelation recently and we wanted to ask you what you might add to that, what you would teach us about what you've learned as an apostle and personal experience about receiving personal revelation? I think the first thought that comes to my mind is that we often make it hard on ourselves to receive personal revelation. By that I mean the covenant promise is that as we honor our covenants we may always have the Holy Ghost to be our constant companion. But we talk about it and we treat it as if hearing the voice of the Lord through His Spirit is the rare event. And that just strikes me as a little curious. It's like I have to follow these four steps. Everywhere we get checklists, we get formulas, do these four things and the Holy Ghost is going to speak to you and you're going to hear it. And I go, wait a minute, we shouldn't be trying to recognize that when it comes we should be recognizing what happens that causes it to leave. It ought to be with us all of the time, not every nanosecond, but if a person is doing his or her best, you don't have to be perfect, but if you and I are doing our best and we're not committing serious transgression then we can count on the Holy Ghost guiding us. So I think we sometimes start from a disadvantage in believing I have to gear up to recognize it when it ought to be there all the time. Secondly, I think in the culture of the church, especially in the western world we seem to believe that the Holy Ghost is dramatic and big and sudden when it's still and small and incremental over time and that you don't have to recognize that you are receiving revelation in the moment that you are receiving revelation. And so because we think it's got to be big and I have to know it we have all of these things that I think are just exactly the opposite of what really happens as we receive revelation. I think Nephi is the perfect example of this model. He went not knowing beforehand the things that he should do and what is striking to me about that experience is that he's writing this after it happens. So he has to look back and reflect on his experience and I don't mean to use casual language but in the vernacular of today I think he's saying I was absolutely clueless how this was going to work but he goes, he goes and as he's going he's being guided but I'm not sure he knows that in every instant that he is pressing forward and going. Now the reason that's at the very beginning of the Book of Mormon is so every one of us will read it 48 million times in our lives. It's before the Isaiah chapters I think that may be intentional so you get there and you get stuck and you go back and you read that over and over and over and over but we never make the connection that what happened to him is probably how it ought to be working for us. I find members of the church who are terrified I'm going to make a mistake. Didn't Nephi make a mistake the first time when they drew lots? Didn't work out but boy did he learn a lesson in his family. Didn't work out when they tried the gold and all their possessions but they learned a lesson. So it doesn't have to be big dramatic quick all at once and it works every time it's just probably the opposite of that but somehow we've come to the conclusion I think those assumptions get in our way. I think that's a really great response for us in teaching young people especially. In conversations I've heard you also refer to that being true when Revelation comes through the leaders of the church for members of the church and the way we see that and respond to Revelation from President Nelson and other leaders of the church. Would you add anything in our understanding about Revelation when it comes to responding to the Revelation of those who lead? I'd be happy to. Again, many members of the church are talking about how much Revelation has come just since President Nelson became the president of the church. And again, I hope none of this sounds sarcastic but thank goodness because we didn't have much with President Monson and we didn't have very much with President Hinckley. The things that are coming forth now have been worked on for years and decades. I think the perfect illustration for people of our age maybe just old guys like me President McKay in the 1950s is highlighting the importance of the family. In the 1950s and the 1960s, TV programs are called Father Knows Best and Leave It to Beaver. They cannot be any more clean than this. So why in that era is President McKay emphasizing the family? Because you needed it for today and it would be 70 years too late if you were starting today. So this is not new. In many instances, the Revelation is not what to do. The Revelation is when to do. President Hinckley, small temples. Everyone attributes small temples to President Gordon B. Hinckley. He came home from his mission. He worked for the church in the missionary department and in the communication department. David O. McKay invites him to his office and says Brother Hinckley, we're going to build a temple in Europe and we need to present temple ordinances in many different languages even at the same time. They'd never encountered that challenge before. Gordon B. Hinckley didn't do this by himself but that was the beginning of exploring the use of audio-visual means of presenting temple ordinances. In the 1960s, as a member of the 12, he's in Asia. I've read minutes from the Quorum of the 12 where Elder Gordon B. Hinckley writes from Asia and says the methods that we use for temple ordinances in the large temples in Utah won't be appropriate for what we need to do here. This is in the 1960s. In the 1970s, he's a member of the First Presidency. With Spencer W. Kimball, the first small temples are built. Then he becomes the president of the church and we tell the story, he's in northern Mexico. He's concerned about the saints there who don't have access to the temple. And on the napkin, in the back of the car as he's driving along, this is the revelation. The revelation to President Hinckley was not the idea of a small temple. We're going to have 100 of them by the year 2000. It was the win, not the what. Thank you. I think that's really helpful for us as we teach young people about revelation and responding to revelation and in our own lives as we learn to counsel together and work toward growing into revelation and to the answers that we need. So that's really helpful. If I could just make a suggestion and that is that in church education, we work very hard not to teach people that this is formulaic. Do these three things. There are principles related to the receiving of revelation. For example, probably everyone in this setting and everyone listening has read President Packer's talk about the Snow White Birds. There's a very important teaching about revelation in his introductory comments. I can't quote it, but he said, as I was preparing for this message, to deliver this message, I had to do my preparation in very small snippets of time between other obligations. And he said, one of the steps of my preparation was to come to this campus and walk around. And I went to the Maser Building at BYU and stood there because that was the venue where he was going to deliver the message. And he said, Harold B. Lee taught me that revelation is more readily recognized when you're in the place related to the need for the revelation. And then all he said was, presently it was right. What he's telling you is, if I'm delivering this message on this campus, there's value in being in the place, pondering and praying and seeking for help. And that has huge implications for today in terms of ministering. Everybody thinks a text is enough. There are occasions where you need to be in the home and you need to look the people in the eyes because you're going to receive impressions and inspiration in the home that you'll never get any other way. That's really great. It causes me to think of another implication and that would be as teachers as we prepare and we're praying for the students we're teaching, maybe going over a roll with their names in our minds, right? We're seeking inspiration for those that we're teaching and ministering to. So, again, lots of times there will be a sudden stroke of inspiration and you'll have a name come to your mind or you might even see a familiar face. I would suggest that when it comes suddenly that that's exactly what the prophet Joseph said, sudden strokes of intelligence. And those are quite remarkable. Thank you. That kind of leads me to another set of questions. Are we okay to move to another idea? No, I want to ask them a question. All right, perfect. So, help me know if any of that was confusing or needs additional clarification before we move on. What did you hear in what was just said? Please. Let me reach. We'll pass this back, please. I guess I'm trying to understand exactly it's not what to do, it's when to do. Every once in a while we will receive revelation on what to do as well. Don't make it mutually exclusive. It's not one or the other. But many times what to do is pretty clear. But it's the timing and the when to do that we struggle with. So, it's both not one or the other. That's a great question. Is that clarifying? That help? Yes. Okay, let's pass it back over here, please. Thank you. A little clarification, maybe I misunderstood. The idea of receiving revelation we don't want to have a prescriptive list more principle based, correct? But yet in the scriptures we see Joseph F. Smith. We see Joseph Smith. We see Nephi. Read the scriptures. Listen to the words of a prophet. Read the scriptures and receive revelation. So are those principles or is that a pattern? I think you feast upon the word of God so you can hear the Lord's voice. So principle. Yeah. Thank you. See, it's when we turn that into do these three things and this is what's going to happen. We have to wait upon the Lord. He delivers it, we don't demand it. And so we have to be aware of and responsive to his timing not our demands about timing. So the way I understand it is that we should live our lives in such a way that we're always ready for the revelation whenever the Lord is ready to pour it out on us. Hold it. Not ready for. See that language suggests to me whenever it comes you're living in the revelation. Right. So we have a daily walk. That phrase I think is significant instead of thinking we cruise along. Oh, I gotta stop what I'm doing now and I gotta get geared up to receive revelation. You're always in it that we may always have his spirit to be with us. Now there are people who will be extreme and think I have to, you know, about the can of beans at the grocery store. This does take a little common sense as well. But to think that somehow our daily life is divorced from that ongoing influence of the spirit and it only comes when we gear up somehow according to the formula, I think it's in the way and messes us up. Excuse me, go ahead. Oh, I was just thinking, I think probably you gave the talk about having a constant communication with God and how we pray in the morning and then we're constantly communicating with him just as the way we can always have love in our heart. We can always have a prayer in our heart and so that it's not really just gearing up for that revelation, but we're always walking and being tutored by God all throughout our lives throughout every day. Think of how Oliver Cowdery came to become Joseph Smith's scribe. He hears about golden plates. He hears the story about Joseph Smith and he has a desire to go meet him. Well, where did that come from? This is the sixth section of the Doctrine and Covenants. Let me quote this real quick. I think, again, this is in the sixth section of the Doctrine and Covenants. Nephi is in chapter four of the Book of Mormon. I think there's a reason why they're at the beginning of these books. If thou wilt do good, yea, and hold out faithful to the end, thou shall be saved in the kingdom of God, which is the greatest of all the gifts of God, for there is no gift greater than the gift of salvation. I often say just be a good boy or be a good girl and go. Will that come if thou wilt do good? Verily, verily, I say unto thee, blessed art thou, it's talking to Oliver, for what thou hast done, for thou hast inquired of me, and behold, as often as thou hast inquired, thou hast received instruction of my spirit. If it had not been so, thou wouldst not have come to the place where thou art at this time. Behold, thou knowest that thou hast inquired of me, and I did enlighten thy mind. Now the next sentence in this verse to me is the most compelling. Oliver was being inspired, and he had no idea that he was being inspired. He was receiving revelation, and he had no idea he was receiving revelation. So a revelation comes through Joseph to Oliver to tell him he had been inspired and was receiving revelation. And now I tell thee these things that thou mayest know, that thou hast been enlightened by the spirit of truth. So that's what I mean about we're in it, not just stopping to try to get it. Thank you. Same question. Is this confusing or is this helpful? I think the implications that I'm hearing from these principles, especially receiving revelation in the place that you are speaks volumes to what we do in church education to be where the students are. If we only think about our profession of being in the classroom just teaching, we may miss the opportunity to be receiving revelation for our students so that we can teach to their needs. That means talking to priesthood leaders. It means calling home. It means going to a ball game. It means being with them, not just looking at a role but looking in their eyes and learning their stories so that we can teach to them. I think all of that is a part of our preparation so that when we are in the classroom, our teaching can be with greater power and greater authority that comes from the Holy Ghost. I think one of the greatest sources of insight that you have are the questions that your students will ask. Over a number of years, I've had a practice of using my iPad. Now, I'm not recommending this. I'm just describing this, okay? For example, just recently I was in a place, met with 1,700 young people on a Friday night. I give them a phone number and they then can anonymously text questions to my iPad. I did this in a devotional at BYU Idaho. We had 15,000 students in the BYU Idaho auditorium. We had people listening on the radio and it was being live streamed. And that night, let me make sure I don't embellish this, I got 14,000 questions. When you read those questions, it's one of the greatest learning experiences anybody can have who's working with young people. And I am of the opinion that we have no idea where they are. When you read those questions and they're anonymous and they're really asking what they're troubled by and what they need help with. So that's the beginning. How do we know what to say until we know where they are? That's a very important element in this, I think. Anything else? Yes, ma'am. Let me grab the microphone. Just yesterday I listened to the talk and Elder Holland cast not away there for their confidence and he spoke about Oliver Cowdery and how he missed the opportunity to translate. And Elder Holland said he missed the opportunity of a lifetime within the lifetime of the opportunity and I thought about that when you said the win. And so the confusing part to me is how do we know we need to do something? How can we ensure that we do it at the right timing? Because for me I have so many weaknesses and I mess up. Like how you spoke about Nephi that he'd cast lots and then the gold, how do we know that we're doing it right? I think you will find my answer wholly unsatisfactory. Nephi didn't mess up. It was a learning experience. Line upon line, precept upon precept, he was being prepared to go back not knowing beforehand the things that he should do. And I'm a really simple-minded person. If you're doing your best, you're consecrated, you're devoted, you're not going to mess somebody up. Heaven is in charge of this, not you, not me. So as a member of the Twelve, I have assignments all the time that I just cannot possibly do, but you just have to go.  You just do your very best. I remember President Hinckley when I was a younger man and I would ask him questions and he would say, well, it all just works out. And I believed that and I thought, come on, there's more than that. The older I get, the more I understand that's the only answer there is.  So if you do your best, it'll work out. And you'll learn lessons along the way. Now, please help me know if that was lame or if that was helpful. It was heavenly. It was not. Thank you. Anything else about this topic and what's not clear? To me, I think one of the most important questions we'll get to this comment, but be thinking about this. So as we discuss this, what are you hearing that's not being said? Not said by people who are commenting, not said by me. What are you hearing that is not said? First to the brother who had your hand. So for the students, as I'm thinking how I'm going to teach that to a student to be always in it and to have revelation, a constant flow in their lives. I'm thinking about what I just taught a couple of hours ago and it's all wrong. And I'm trying to... Well, I'm glad we got here in time. But I just went through First Nephi 11 and teaching that process of revelation that Nephi is going through. And now I'm wanting to go back and teach it differently. But for a student's perspective of hearing that they need to constantly be in that mode of revelation, how do we teach that to students who feel inadequate and feel that that may be a daunting task for them? What do you think? I feel that that would be personally for me as a student. That's a daunting task for me. But my own thoughts turn to as I draw closer to the Savior and all that I do and recognize and have faith in the Atonement than I'm equal to that task and can be if you ask me to do it. Let me suggest something and tell me what you think. Okay? Instead of thinking what am I going to tell them, the focus is on what would I ask them. And not only what would I ask them, but what would I invite them to do? There could be some portion of the time devoted to a really honest discussion. This is intimidating for all of us. So help me know what do you think, given where you're at and how overwhelming that looks. Where would you start? The very act of asking them that question is inviting them to act. And if that student will begin to give voice to some answer, that is an expression of faith in Christ. Faith is a principle of action and of power. As we act in accordance with the teachings of Christ, then we are blessed with His power. What all of us want is the power so we can act. That doesn't work. So our instinct ought to be not, what do I tell them? But the question is what can I invite them to do? What inspired question can I ask, which if they are willing to respond, will begin to invite the Holy Ghost into that person's life? That individual is inviting the Holy Ghost to answer the question. We can't, but he can. And our role is to make it safe to discuss those things and to invite them to act so that the Holy Ghost can teach. What's your response to that? That's wonderful. Now the task is for me to be prepared and to be in tune with the Spirit to ask the right question to help them understand that. See, at a part of what we always want to do in the Western world is here's the formula for asking the right question. If you love the kids and you look at them and you listen to them, the questions are really very simple. So given what you just heard, what are you learning? And each one of those observations then allows you to, that was talked about over here, you got to know where they're at. You're learning a little more about where they're at. You're better able to aim it appropriately in what you ask and in what you say. I think one of the things that makes me the saddest is to find incredibly faithful members of the church who have done all that you can do that is right and good and they don't think they measure up because they don't have all these dramatic experiences that people talk about in fast and testimony meetings. And in one setting, I talked about the fact that that's not normal. You're normal. If you're just kind of plugging along and sometimes you go down the wrong street and you turn around and come back out, that's kind of how it's supposed to work. And if you're honoring your covenants and pressing forward, you don't just find and you're normal. I had a sister, remember the church for 40, 50 years, sore arms around me and say, oh, I've just wondered if I can measure up. How come we have so many members of the church beating themselves up with that and it's because I think they start at the wrong place? It's big, it's dramatic, it's all at once. Everybody talks about that. That's what I see in the scriptures. That doesn't happen to me so there's something wrong with me. No, you're normal. And when you point out that Saul was not converted by the light and Alma the Younger was not converted by the angel, Alma the Younger didn't talk in public about the angel very often, like never, except to his kids. He says, I fasted, I prayed. It wasn't the angel that did it. Great question, thank you. Okay, let me grab the microphone. So what are you hearing that has not been said? Does that question make any sense to you? Hello? So what are you hearing? Yes, ma'am. Would you please pass that back? I'm hearing that I should trust my connection with heaven and the relationship that I have with my Heavenly Father and my Savior and to trust that they're guiding me in my choices and in my interactions with people, in my family, in my callings, in my responsibilities that I have. Yeah, see that trust let virtue garnish thy thoughts unceasingly and thy confidence shall wax strong in the presence of God. Not confidence in you, confidence in them to get done what none of us can do. Great observation. Anybody else? May I be a participant for a minute? Well, of course. Can you answer your question for me? Yep. I think this is really helpful and I was thinking of two things. One quickly is Moroni 7, right? That which persuades us to do good, to believe in Christ is of God. We might be someday surprised by the thoughts that we thought were ours that really were the Holy Ghost. It's just as we try to do good, as you say, our thoughts will be guided and our desires will be guided by the Holy Ghost. The other thought I think is really interesting is I've been thinking about President Nelson's talk on Revelation and how he said, pour out your heart, speak with Heavenly Father, be honest with him, and then listen, write down the impressions that come and act on them and then he said, if you will do it day after day, week after week, month after month, you will grow into the principle of Revelation. For me personally, most of the inspiration that has come in my life did not come while I was praying, right? I pray, I ponder, I try to write down impressions that come, but as you go to work, then the inspiration comes. During the lesson, the inspiration comes when you're singing to him or talking to somebody or in other settings, answers to prayer start to come. So I just think this is a really important thing to teach people, this process, and it's just a part of who we are and not an event as you talked about. We try to make it linear. I say my prayers, now the answer comes. It's not that quick and it's not that easy. So thank you, it's been really helpful. One other thing, we're not done yet with what are you hearing that's not said. We have to be careful. People all over the world are going to listen to this and the means or the modes of Revelation can vary, not by geography, but for example, in many parts of Africa, people have remarkable dreams. Now I wouldn't speak for anybody else in this room or anybody else who's listening, but I don't have dreams like some of the faithful saints in Africa do. It's not uncommon for the missionaries to come to teach someone. They encounter someone on the street and the people will say, I saw you in a dream and you have a message from God. I want to hear what you have to tell me. I don't know that missionaries in Los Angeles have many of those experiences every day. So what we also have to be careful to do, we teach largely from our own experience. We can impose a pattern on people that's not a pattern they've experienced. It doesn't mean that their pattern is any less valid or useful, but it's a variety of different ways that the Spirit of the Lord can connect with somebody's mind and heart. Anything else you're hearing that's not being said? Yes, ma'am. Well, what I heard and what I felt is that really what it boils down to is understanding and having faith in my divinity, that I'm a child of God, a Heavenly Father that loves me and wants my successes and wants to talk to me and communicate with me and I think our youth, especially if they can understand who they are that Heavenly Father is, we can have the Spirit with us always, that revelation always. He wants to communicate with us and if we're trying to do good and be good and draw close to Him, He's always there. Thank you very much. Anybody else? Yes, sir. Thank you. So as we've been talking about how we often fall into the trap of trying to follow a formula or follow a specific process, I've been thinking about why is that the case and why does that happen so often? I think all of us could relate to that. And I think it's because at least one reason is because we lack confidence in ourselves to be able to do it on our own. So we want to rely on a process that somebody else has come up with that has worked for them. And so I guess the question is how do we increase our confidence in being able to receive revelation on our own and not try to rely on a process we've heard from someone else? Now you know my first question to you. What do you think? I guess, you know, any way I've increased my confidence is by experience. But I feel like it's a little bit difficult in this situation because if you don't have those experiences often, you know, you don't get a chance to build up that confidence. Okay, let me read a quote. This is Joseph F. Smith. This is a credible source for someone who is beginning this journey. It says, how do I get confidence in this? President of the church. Show me Latter-day Saints who have to feed upon miracle signs and visions in order to keep them steadfast in the church. And I will show you members who are not in good standing before God and who are walking in slippery paths. It is not by marvelous manifestations unto us that we shall be established in the truth. But it is by humility and faithful obedience to the commandments and laws of God. Anybody can do that. I think that builds a little bit of at least hope if a president of the church is talking about seemingly simple and ordinary things. I can do that. Anybody can do that. Another one from Joseph F. Smith. As a boy, I would frequently ask the Lord to show me some marvelous thing in order that I might receive a testimony. But the Lord withheld marvels from me and showed me the truth line upon line until he made me to know the truth from the crown of my head to the soles of my feet. And until doubt and fear had been absolutely purged from me, he did not have to send an angel from the heavens to do this. Nor did he have to speak with the trump of an archangel. By the whisperings of the still small voice of the spirit of the living God, he gave to me the testimony I possess. Now, I'm not quite done. I think anybody can do that. Any struggling young person, any of us who are struggling, can take the first steps into what Joseph F. Smith did. And by this principle in power, he will give to all the children of men a knowledge of the truth that will stay with them. And it will make them to know the truth as God knows it and to do the will of the Father as Christ does it. And no amount of marvelous manifestations will ever accomplish this. Does that make any sense? Does that help? Yes, it does. I think we have a lot of people in the church who want to see a light on the road to Damascus. And then I'll believe. Really? Was Paul in any console, in any condition to recognize the still small voice? He had to have a spiritual slap upside the head. If I could just see an angel the way Alma the Younger did. Really? Is that what you want? I don't think Alma was in any condition to receive the still small voice. And Joseph F. Smith is saying, it's not the angel, it's not the light, it's the still small voice. Just go and do. Now, the other point I have to make is that if we're not keeping the commandments, then we can't have that confidence and we won't have the companionship of the Spirit. And so there are young people who need to repent and there are young people who are so hard on themselves that they never think they're good enough. You don't have to be perfect. You just have to be good, doing your best and pressing forward. Help me know if this responded at all. Yeah, it did. Thank you. What did you learn and what we just did? What did I learn and what we just did? And what we just did in the last two or three minutes? I learned that it's not a matter of magnitude or how strong a feeling you have or how impressive something is or great however you want to describe it, but it's a matter of small and simple things that build up over time and that something like that cannot be replaced by any one or multiple large experiences, if you would say it that way. And what did you learn about helping a young person to start that journey? That was the real crux of your question that you asked. The most important thing is to just go try and to do your best and that we don't have to be perfect but that we just have to try and if you take that first step forward, you'll keep building on that but if you wait until you feel like you're ready, you're never going to feel like you're ready. And you began to get the answer to your question when you started trying to answer it because the Holy Ghost then illuminates your mind, expands your understanding. Now, someone will turn that into a formula and they'll say every time a person asks you a question just, well, what do you think? You've got to love them and you have to be genuinely concerned. That may work with you. It may not have worked with someone else. So don't make it formulaic. You have to be open to a wide range of things that you might invite and entice somebody to do so they can act and learn for themselves. Great question. Okay, what do you want to do? I have some other questions if that's all right. I want to make a quick editorial comment I think though for our teachers because I think what we've just learned is remarkably helpful but also the model. I know we've just been cautioned not to turn this into a formula but there's a principle here behind being focused on students and their progress and not just what we say and to respond with it. So what you don't want formula is I hope you pay attention to the model and the principles behind the model and what it means to be centered on students and not on just what we say. Anyway, thank you for the teachers. If you love them and if you really are trying to do what heaven wants you'll just be guided in the simplest of ways. The questions are not complicated. You're just trying to find out where they are because you really care. And so my question actually built off of that really you've spoken a lot and written a lot about being student centered and focused on their progress and I just wondered if there's more that you would like to teach us about inviting the Holy Ghost into that process and teaching for learning not just to have said something if that makes sense. A point among yourselves, a teacher and let not all be spokesmen at once but let one speak at a time and let all listen unto his sayings that when all have spoken in spite of all and that every man and woman may have an equal privilege. A point among yourselves, a teacher. This is, I'm not suggesting that this is what this phrase means but it's something to think about. We're not the teachers the Holy Ghost is. That is an admonition to appoint the Holy Ghost to be the teacher and a pattern, not the only pattern a pattern is to let one speak at a time and let all listen unto his sayings. That sounds so simple and it might even look easy. This is not a TV talk show. Hey, what do you think? If people feel safe and they can give voice to some of their questions and what they're not sure about they don't learn from other people in the room but they participate in a collective expression of faith in the Lord Jesus Christ as everyone in that setting is asking, seeking and knocking and in that individual and collective exercise of faith we invite. The word of point doesn't mean designate. We can't designate the Holy Ghost to be the teacher but we can invite and entice the Holy Ghost to be the teacher. I want to tell you just quickly about a missionary meeting. We had been discussing a number of issues and I asked the missionaries what are you hearing that has not been said? Now we've had that question here. You ready for this answer from an 18-year-old missionary in the field for four weeks? His answer was, Elder Bednar if I hear it in your voice or in the voice of another missionary that's a message for everyone. If I feel it in my heart or have a thought in my mind that's from God and it's just for me. Are you dazzled by that answer? How long would it take to lecture somebody or to create some kind of role-player or other experience where an 18-year-old would have that spiritual insight? I just don't know how you do that. So inviting them to act to exercise their faith helps to entice the Holy Ghost to teach them individually and everybody collectively. And I think everything about this it's not just being learner-centered it's being learner-centered and inviting the Holy Ghost to be the teacher. We have a role to play. We do the inviting and the enticing and some of the not facilitating we don't direct, we don't facilitate we guide. But then the Holy Ghost does things in remarkable ways. So I don't want to get ahead of what you would do to direct this conversation but I think people are really trying to do this and have questions and even obstacles in doing this well in their efforts to do this. Do you mind if we ask the same question or maybe allow them to ask you questions about this topic? Certainly. I don't remember where we left the mic though. Where's the mic? Thank you. Questions? You'd like to ask the Brother Wedd but we'll be eager to answer. Please. Thank you. I guess my question comes with somewhat of an illustration. The question is how do we then help ourselves and the youth to identify that it's them hearing it from the Spirit and not them hearing it from someone around them. I had a young lady by illustration walk up and tell me one day that I was the best seminary teacher she ever had. It made me feel fantastic. And then she said do you remember the day that you said this? I said I didn't say that. But do you remember we were talking about this and this is what you told me and it's changed my life forever. Do you remember the day you said that? And I could absolutely remember the day and with total clarity remember not at all what I said. In fact I wouldn't tell her this. It's not at all what we were talking about and she kind of missed the point of what I was trying to tell her. I don't want to sidetrack you. Isn't that incredibly great? That's the whole point. And she was very sweet because I said that wasn't me that was you from the Spirit. How do I help her to see that she has this beautiful relationship with the Savior and that she is in the revelation constantly and receiving it from Him and help her to identify that so she can have that confidence to seek it more for herself and to tune out every day and tune into the Spirit. How do I help her to see that? What might you invite her to do so that she would have eyes to see and not be foreseen? Something that helps me pondering, reflecting, writing down so that I can identify that experience. The Holy Ghost will bring all things to our remembrance. I'm just trying to come up with an illustration so this doesn't just fly at 80,000 feet. She's had this remarkable experience where she heard something that clearly was not being said and you help her identify that one. Ask her to think through her experience. Come back in two or three days. Can you find one or two more episodes like that? And do you find a pattern in those two or three things that have taken place and what brought that about? Have her think about that and when she comes back she's going to dazzle you with something like if I hear it in the voices of everyone that's intended for everybody but if it's just to me that's from God to me individually. Now I understand we have a wide range of young people and they have all kinds of challenges and issues but we ought to expect them to be what we tell them they are and we ought to invite them to act and you will stand all amazed at what they come up with. So I don't know this girl I haven't looked at her but that's an example of think first of all what do you invite them to do so that they can learn what they need to learn instead of thinking how do I help her or what do I tell her to do? But look on your face as going hmm I see other faces and other students and now you've got me thinking I don't have you thinking Very good point So can you take just a second what's happening to you right now as you think about that? For lack of a better term I'm marinating in the spirit and you've got I'm now engaged in a moment where I'm thinking deeper and the spirit's prompting me and hopefully I can look into her eyes and when the time comes and that student or another student will be able to engage in a process where she then recognizes that it's the spirit prompting her Okay Thank you very much Anybody else? You're afraid to ask a question because you think I'm just going to turn it back on you So we've talked a lot about listening today and observing and those kind of things I think we're really good at seeing and hearing and not so good at observing and listening and so I would love more insight into I don't know if we even train it we say you should listen and we don't talk a lot about how you listen and do that Can you help us understand or maybe learn how to better listen and better observe so that we can see people so that we can do what's going on here The answer is no I can't You can get it I would recommend that you get a copy of the Book of Mormon inexpensive paperback copy read it from beginning to end don't do a computer keyword search and look for every instance of eyes to see and ears to hear and do that in the Doctrine and Covenants and do that in the New Testament do it in all of them Um there are not words to describe what I'm about to try to describe as you go into the Scriptures as an agent asking, seeking and knocking and your question is how do I see what I usually don't see, how do I hear what I don't usually hear and you go into the Scriptures with those questions the Holy Ghost will tutor you individually and provide the answer to your question I can't give it to you I can use words like you just have to really love them and you know that but for you as you do that in the Scriptures the Holy Ghost will teach you individually, privately and personally what that answer is for you so I can't tell you the answer is that responsive to your question? it's probably better than the answer so thanks for inviting me to act thank you see your comment triggers an episode with my wife Susan is, always has been the best visiting teacher in the history of the church there has never been anybody who's done it the way she does, it's just amazing when President Nelson said higher and holier she listened and she wanted to figure out what that was now you talk about simplify you ready for this? she said David I've been thinking about this and praying and I've come to a pretty stunning conclusion I can't minister until I know what the people to whom I'm supposed to be a minister tell me what it means if it's higher and holier so the inspiration to her was to go to the sisters visiting teaching for a long time and she said what does it mean to you that ministering will now be higher and holier? now that's the simplest question it's the most obvious question you could ask and nobody asks it which is why you have to be inspired to ask it the responses she got from the sisters that she knew blew her mind so one sister who's in a setting where a spouse is not supportive of her membership in the church she said I need to be with women who believe like I believe can you and your companion find it in your schedule to go to the temple and maybe more than once a month I need that can we go to lunch and just talk how about if we had a general conference now this is coming from the person it's not her telling the lady what we're going to do the ladies telling her what higher and holier means to her and the woman says what if we pick a general conference talk every month and then we go another time and have lunch and we can talk about the conference talk and Susan is going what did I do wrong that she never told me this before everybody what did I do you didn't do anything wrong but now it's higher and holier eyes have been open to see that in ways it hasn't been seen before that's really simple and what we try to do is complicate it most of the time anybody else on this one okay well we're actually coming toward the end of our time together so any final things you want to highlight anything you want to correct no I think I can speak for all of us we love you and sustain you and we're just really grateful for what you've taught us today and the invitation of the Holy Ghost to teach us and to act on the things we've heard so that we can continue to learn so thank you very much we want to give you the last few minutes however much time you want in fact to share whatever you feel to share in your testimony before we close well the very first thing that comes to my mind to everyone who hears this evening with a general authority I love you I love who you are I love what you're striving to become I love what you do we can all improve but I say thank you to live on the earth in this season of the dispensation of the fullness of times is the blessing of a lifetime I say thank you on behalf of the First Presidency and the Quorum of the 12 and the Church Board of Education thank you a number of years ago when I was in Rexburg President and Sister Hinkley were there and we were having a dinner to express gratitude to people who were supporting the University and I was seated next to President Hinkley and we were talking about his schedule and all the talks that he had to prepare and there was a moment where my hands were just up on the table and kind of suddenly he just patted my hand and he said David this is the greatest season in the history of the restored church David it wasn't better in the days of Joseph it wasn't better in the days of Brigham never has the church been as well regarded as recognized as it is today in all the world David never have we had the resources to move this work forward in all the world David this is the greatest season in the history of the restored church and he's right absolutely right think of the things we are blessed to see consider that we live this year in the 200th anniversary of the first vision and we see the church in Papua New Guinea where a temple has been announced in Nampen, Cambodia who would have thought I'm old enough to remember when I could not have conceived the thought that we would have missionaries in the Soviet Union now we have a temple in Ukraine and missionaries in formerly communist countries this is the greatest season in the history of the restored church and we have a particular responsibility in this day there's not a gracious way to say this when I was the president of BYU Idaho every Tuesday we had a devotional and every single devotional speaker began his or her message with you're the finest generation you have been saved for this day I've had that up to here I'm just tired of hearing it that's right in Arkansas where I lived for a long time there's a saying when you pick up a stick you get both ends if they've been saved for this day it's because they have a lot to do and we have a role in helping them to be ready for that there's a lot to do and we need to be ready for that this is the greatest season in the history of the restored church the greatest opposition the greatest opportunities I love you because together in this day we have this opportunity to serve, to bear testimony to minister and to sucker to the less satisfied I am with words but I pray the Holy Ghost will fill the gap between the words I express and what I yearn to convey I witness that the father and the son did appear to Joseph Smith 200 years ago I witness that the father is our father and he is the author of the plan of happiness Jesus the Christ I know, I testify and I witness is the only begotten son of the eternal father and I witness that he lives he is resurrected the tomb is empty he is not here for he is risen I witness that through the prophet Joseph Smith priesthood authority priesthood keys have been restored to the earth that the appearance of the father and the son initiated the restoration of the gospel and I witness that that restoration is ongoing my beloved brothers and sisters I witness that all of these things are true wherever you may be anywhere in the world I invoke this blessing upon you that in your desire to serve you'll be magnified and enlarged that in your capacity you'll be illuminated strengthened and that your capacity will be enriched it will bless your individual life your family and those whom you serve now and forever I bear that witness and I express my love to you in the sacred name of the Lord Jesus Christ Amen


Hey folks, morning it's 11.30, I think we're going to go ahead and get started here. My name is John Benedict, I'm a technical marketing engineer with NetApp, and I'm based out of Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, and I'm very happy to be here today with Rodney Peck of eBay PayPal and my colleague, Shiva Chinia, from the Advanced Technologies Group also at NetApp. Today we're going to go over considerations and lessons learned in deploying OpenStack in three different examples. I'll be talking about things in regards to a converged infrastructure. Rodney is going to talk about his experiences with OpenStack at eBay PayPal, and Shiva is going to talk about DevTest within NetApp, so we've got, after that we're going to hopefully leave 10, 15 minutes for some QA. So let's dive right into some challenges that are not necessarily unique to enterprise, but certainly challenges within the enterprise nonetheless. So from an operational standpoint, anytime you're adding in something new like OpenStack that has a fairly substantial learning curve, there's complex administration involved. In the enterprise you always have those project life cycles, data life cycles, things going from DevTest, staging production, projects going from high priority to lower priority and then off to archive. You've got to be able to handle changes in a very graceful manner, whether those changes are planned or unplanned, and of course you've got to be able to spin up, scale out, scale up in a graceful manner as well. And last but not least, there's always going to be some kind of security and compliance certifications to achieve security and compliance issues to consider. Design challenges, you don't always have time to do a six-month POC to design something that you can scale out yourself. At the end of that six months, if it works out, great. If it doesn't, you have to go back to the drawing board. You may end up with a management team that says, we're out of time and money. You need to go. You need to go forward with what you've already got. So from there, obviously whatever that design, it has to be scalable, it has to make the best of the resources and obviously when you scale out and scale up, you've got to have some predictable performance. So some things up there, you really have to have a scalable, repeatable, manageable design and then from the enterprise standpoint, when you go from traditional virtualization to hybrid cloud, enterprise customers don't necessarily want to give up the support, integration and predictable performance that they've come to expect. So along with those technology changes, we've found that there's also changing roles that some of the nuances for the folks that actually work in the data center. SysAdmins, NetworkAdmins, folks that do the racking, stacking, so on and so forth. Those changes, those changing roles means that your traditional builders and operators are now brokers of services that have to roll with all of those changes and updates in a rolling fashion. Essentially everyone has to think as a service provider, whether you're the overall architect or you're one of the teams that does the racking of stacking everywhere in between. So one way of solving these challenges is with the converged infrastructure. We happen to put this together on FlexPod. You could potentially use something else. But the big benefits to a true converged architecture is that somebody has already done the hard work in terms of putting it together, running it through the gauntlet, making sure that all of the different components work together really, really well. It's not a bolted-on approach. Everything's been scaled out and tested, scaled up, scaled out, break things to see how things react when things fail. Secure multi-tenancy is always a big deal, especially in regards to open stack. And possibly the most important feature beyond scale up, scale out and performance is the fact that a true converged infrastructure is going to provide you the ability to have full automation over that environment. Your typical 1U2U server is easy to set up and it's fairly easy to manage, but it's not necessarily easy to automate from that mythical single pane of glass or those couple of tools that you have to manage your environment. Whereas something like a FlexPod provides a rich set of APIs that you can affect everything from a wide standpoint, from a granular standpoint everywhere in between. So the basis of that converged infrastructure is NetApp clustered on tap. And I'll make this very quick. This is not an advertisement. So a lot of folks raise an eyebrow, NetApp and open stack. The truth is, is we've been involved from the beginning. We've had, we joined the foundation at the gold level right after it started, right after the foundation was created. And we've done most of our work around the sender drivers, allowing folks to take advantage of things like deduplication, thin provisioning, cloning, copy, offload, things that existing NetApp customers already know and love about us. You can take that with you in open stack. Additionally, that's kind of a no-brainer that we're doing that with iSCSI, but possibly the big news is the fact that we've added in the file services drivers by way of NFS. So you can do that today with NetApp sender drivers. It's been upstream since S6 Folsom time frame. And we're also in the process trying to break that those file services drivers outside of sender into its own project called Manila. What's a Manila folder do? Holds files. So we had to keep with the clever naming scheme on that. So the basis for Clustered On Tap is we have one or more two node HA pairs bound together with a 10 gig cluster interconnect that provides a single namespace for both SAN and NAS. And can also support as the foundation for Object Store. From your NAS and SAN clients, i.e. sender services attached to the namespace by way of lifts, logical interfaces. These are storage connections are completely decoupled from the underlying hardware. The storage volumes themselves are completely decoupled from the underlying hardware. And then the other virtual piece here is the concept of the storage virtual machine. In this case, we have a yellow one and a purple one. It's just a logical container that can be part of one node or it can span the entire cluster. What these things allow you to do is a, you've got secure multi-tenancy built right into the cluster. And we can do some pretty crazy things with the storage interfaces and the storage volumes that we can live migrate them just like you would a virtual machine. So how does that impact and enable OpenStack? Well, it means that from the same cluster we can put together, we can mix and match different controllers of different speeds and memory footprints. We can put together different disk drive types. So high capacity SATA, pretty well performing SAS, high performing SSD, so that we can handle multiple SLAs, multiple workloads. We can handle the complete lifecycle of a piece of data as it goes from dev to test to staging to production. You can promote those volumes from the lower priority higher density left hand side to the higher performing SSD drives to the right or anywhere in between. So what we did from the enterprise testing was we put all of our ice fizzy bootlums on the far left. With the idea that we would have tier one workloads on the far right, tier two and tier three somewhere in the middle, dev test staging again somewhere between the left and the middle. So again, being able to handle all of those different service level agreements simultaneously, handle those life cycles, absolutely applies to what enterprise folks want to do with OpenStack. So some other things that we have that absolutely speak to OpenStack. We've got eight major areas here, two of which are not unique to NetApp. So for example, continuous operations and seamless scaling, whether it's our traditional enterprise competitors or some of the cool commodity storage solutions. Everybody's got something that's worthwhile with continuous operations and seamless scaling. But some of the other things we feel like we've got some unique capabilities around secure multi-tenancy the way we handle that quality of service. Again, being able to handle multiple SLAs in the same environment, the unified architecture, being able to support NFS, SAN and NAS from the same storage controller, same cluster. Again, the Cinder and Manila drivers that we're working on upstream. Service automation, again, not only the converged infrastructure being able to be handled from a full automation standpoint, but the storage itself. Being able to say I want 100 terabyte or 100 gigabyte volume with it's going to be on SSD, it's thin provisioning, deduplication, and oh yeah, that's my platinum volume. So anytime I ask for a platinum volume, that's what you're going to give me. And everything else that you would want to do to affect the storage. Data mobility, again, being able to migrate those volumes, not only from within the same cluster, but if you need to mirror from site to site, cross-country, cross-campus, we can do this. Storage efficiency, I mentioned deduplication, thin provisioning, cloning, copy offload, things like that. So again, these are things that absolutely apply to being able to really help scale and make the best out of OpenStack. And more importantly, the application workloads on OpenStack. So that's the foundational piece for our converged infrastructure in the enterprise. The Cisco pieces in the middle represent both the compute and network spaces. And this really is a modular approach to the compute and networking. Again, fully automated, probably the best concept that comes out of the UCS in my mind from the automation and stateless computing standpoint is the concept of the service profile, which allows you to take the identity of the server and move it to other servers within that framework. So the magic smoke escapes from one of the important chips on the server motherboard. Instead of having to adjust your network and your configuration for new MAC addresses, new WWPNs, new ISCSI initiators, firmware levels, that's what that service profile is. You just take that service profile and apply it to a different server, and that's it, no other configuration necessary. So unified fabric that again allows full automation at that layer. So what about, how do we do the networking with this deployment? We ended up going fairly simple with really good results. We essentially used OpenVswitch as a VLAN provider. My friend and colleague, Stephen Carter, was a big help with all of that. He's got some pretty big name customers on the West Coast that will remain nameless, but this is essentially how some of them have decided to do it. The VLAN, using it as a VLAN provider not only means we can carve up the 10 gig in a very easy way, but it also means that we're keeping those VMs as close to the physical network as we can. It ends up being very highly performing. RELL-OSP, why didn't we pick RELL-OSP for this particular enterprise approach? Again, with some of the enterprise angles in terms of support, integration, things like that, it was kind of an easy choice for us. Things like the fact that Red Hat treats RELL-OSP as an extension of RELL means that things like SE Linux and C Groups are built right into, RELL-OSP is able to take advantage of. The fact that they've got a world-class security team, a security response team that takes care of security concerns very, very quickly. Complete life cycle that they've taken from RELL and applied it to RELL-OSP is a pretty big deal. The learning curve, addressing the learning curve of going from traditional virtualization to hybrid cloud and then being able to show certification and master those skills through certifications. And arguably the most important piece is support. Again, enterprise customers don't want to give up supportability as they move from virtualization to hybrid cloud, so this is a pretty big deal. They, year after year, they rank pretty highly in terms of support. Enterprise customers typically also want to know that they're dealing with a leader in the community. Red Hat is consistently one of the top contributors to the code, showing their commitment, certainly doubling down on OpenStack for the next many, many years. The other thing is a lot of folks don't have, a lot of data centers don't have folks that they can dedicate to actually coding in OpenStack and contributing code. They're limited to resources that can work on the databases, work on the actual application that they're known for, they're money makers, so to speak. So Red Hat can be a conduit for getting feature requests and it's not a guarantee by any stretch of the imagination but at the same time, knowing that Red Hat is a top contributor means that someone has a decent chance of, hey, this is a big deal to us. It's a very common case that it's a big deal to other enterprise customers as well. So that's the top layer of our converged infrastructure. So if you're looking for some documentation on that, we've got, I don't have time to leave this up for the entire time, that's okay. We have, you can snap a picture of it. You can also find QR codes to download these at the NetApp booth downstairs. So with that, I'm gonna go ahead and turn things over to Mr. Rodney Peck of eBay PayPal. Sorry about all the noise here. It's very interesting. Okay, my name's Rodney. I'm from eBay and this is an example of using Cinder in a typical environment. The situation we've got is we need to upgrade a hypervisor. This is a very common sort of thing for a large company. We have no physical space available in a data center. There's no place to put more hardware but we need to do a security upgrade on a hypervisor. The hypervisor's totally full. So we need to find some place to create more VMs so we can take the data offline. In this example, I'm gonna keep the microphone. In this example, we've got four hypervisors. Each has six VMs on them. The hypervisor itself, I'm sorry about the math. I just noticed it doesn't add up but work with me. This is a 1.2 terabyte hypervisor with six 200 gigabyte VMs on it. That takes up all the local disk. However, the hypervisor has 32 processors, not 16. And we're only using two per VM. So we're using 12 processors and 48 gigabytes of RAM. So there's a lot of space left over on these hypervisors and the VMs are mostly idle. So we could run more VMs on these hypervisors and free up space on the first one but there's no more local disk to boot from. This is where Cinder is the solution. We can solve it using Cinder and a filer as a backend just with software config. There's no hardware to deploy, nothing like that. We've already got a NetApp in the data center. It's got available space. It's just a matter of using it. So again, here's the full hypervisors and John's redone my slides so I don't know which ones which. So the ones on the right here now, we've used Cinder to boot from volume and we have now seven through 12 these new hypervisors running off a NetApp. Totally easy thing to do. The NetApps are connected with 10 gig networking. The disk IO is actually faster than the local disk IO which is kind of a surprise to legacy people. So with that installed, there's other things you could do. You could do VM instances backup if they're running all on the local disk, running on Cinder instead of local disk. You can do snapshots in the filer to do backups. You could clone them. You could just NetApp clone into a new volume and boot that volume so you can build machines much, much faster. Because the machines are attached with Cinder, if the hypervisor dies, if the magic smoke leaks out, for example, you can just start up another Nova and attach it and you don't lose any of your local data. If you're using local disk and the machine dies or your switch connecting the machine to the network dies, you can't get your logs. You can't get any of the explanation of why the machine died. If it's attached to Cinder, all that data will be on your NetApp and you can just attach another VM to it and look at the logs and fix your problem or move the VM to another place. Also, in PayPal, we have really large volumes that we clone. So we have 400 gigabytes. Instead of moving it through Glantz to create a new system, we have 400 gigabytes. We can clone it in the NetApp in seconds into another copy of 400 gigabytes. So that's a fantastic application of Cinder as well. So I had 10 minutes to talk. I think I blasted through a little fast. Lessons learned, it works very well. It unblocks the VM migration. But the main issue is that unless you have bonded networking off your hypervisors, you've only got one data path to the Cinder. So if the switch should glitch or anything like that, you're gonna have totally hung VMs. So it's important to have very reliable networking if you're gonna use Cinder for boot for volume. That's all I have. Thank you very much. After this, we'll be available for questions and such. Thanks Rodney. So I'm Shiva from Advanced Technology Group in NetApp. So I'll be describing the work that I did with the test dev team in NetApp to solve their use cases. And I'll be describing some experiences and some analysis of our OpenStack installation that transformed the test dev infrastructure there. So the specific use case that we were looking at was the data on tap test dev infrastructure. So the infrastructure provides the basis for NetApp developers and QA to add and test new changes in data on tap, which is the storage OS that underpins our fast series. And it's a completely virtualized infrastructure which simulates data on tap and it's sort of medium scale with thousands of users spawning VMs daily and they deploy on tap to test any new features that come out in releases. A typical deployment of a test bed in this infrastructure can range from a single VM running data on tap to complex multi-VM stacks which could be a combination of data on tap VMs and test client VMs, which could be running load on the data on tap. So apart from the regular properties that you would see in a test dev infrastructure, there are two sort of unique things that we found in the test dev infrastructure which didn't immediately suit our OpenStack sort of use case. One thing we found is that most of the on tap VMs run custom images that are compiled and built by the user before they start, immediately before they deploy it on the infrastructure. So at any given time, you have all these VMs running kernels that are all unique and custom modified data on tap. The other thing about the data on tap VM is because it simulates storage functionality and because it's replicating all the functionality that's there in fast, typically the number of virtual disks that are connected to a VM are much more than 20 and so on. And we noticed that this is not the typical use case that is solved by sender. So I just wanted to point out these two things that were unique to the test dev infrastructure use case. So here's a quick comparison of how the physical fast box on the left looks in comparison to a virtual data on tap. All the storage resources that's required for the work by the virtual data on tap, which could be NVRAM storage or the data disks are all completely virtualized into and mapped to virtual disks that are all consolidated on net app, actual net app storage underneath. So why was a team interested in sort of adopting OpenStack and moving to OpenStack? And that's where we sort of came in and we initially explained to them the benefits of OpenStack. We all know the goodies of OpenStack and that's why we're all gathered here. But the specific benefits that they were looking for was really seamless support for multiple hypervisors within their test form. And currently they're using VMware as the underlying hypervisor to run data on tap VMs. But the promise of OpenStack to support multiple hypervisors and thereby expanding their test coverage on different vendors really appeal to them. The other thing that they really liked is the intuitive user interface of deploying and managing VMs. And for that reason, Horizon dashboard and the ability to use heat to single click provisioning multiple stacks of VMs and not placing the onus on developers to define all these complex stacks and having to manage them by themselves really appeal to them. So that was one of the real benefits too that they were looking for from an OpenStack-based implementation. The administrators of the test of infrastructure are currently sort of managing multiple tools to monitor the entire stack starting all the way from VMs to storage. And CELO meter was one tool that they were interested in sort of using because it provided that potential to be this one stop unified monitoring tool that can provide visibility into all the resources that are used by the test step. And while we are working on a sort of a pilot infrastructure for them, one of the main transition goals was to seamlessly integrate with their existing infrastructure. And as you can see in the pilot architecture that we built, we try to cater to that a little bit. So it's a combination of all the OpenStack services installed on their farm coupled with a legacy service that currently runs in the test of infrastructure. I'm calling it the ONTAP service. And this ONTAP service, it does a lot of things that are very specific to the workflow that currently exists. For example, the build environment. So I mentioned that users have to compile the ONTAP code initially and then transport these images to the OpenStack-based service. So the ONTAP service acts as a bridge in order to accomplish that. And it also does several other things which I can go offline if you guys are interested in talking about that. And then we made a few point changes to some of the services. I'll be explaining a couple of them. So some of the changes, we are looking to push them upstream. And then there are some changes that we made which are more custom and most suitable only for our use case. Yeah, and then one thing I wanted to mention here is the actual hardware infrastructure that we use to build this prototype is FlexPod, which John was talking about. So it's a convert solution that includes Cisco UCS blades and clustered ONTAP underneath. So try to summarize some of the benefits that we were looking for. And after building the infrastructure, these were the key highlights that we were able to derive from our work. The single click deployment of complex stacks that include ONTAP VMs and test clients was a big plus for us. And I mentioned that data ONTAP VM uses NVRAM storage, tries to simulate NVRAM storage and the data disks. And essentially those two different storage data models, the VM requires multiple service levels from them because typically the expectation of performance from NVRAM is much faster than the data disks. And we were able to simulate that with the help of SLO differentiated backends that sender supports with multiple volume types. The multiple hypervisor support for VMware, Zen, KVM and so on as the list is growing is really a big plus for us to expand the test coverage. And then the vendor agnostic monitoring and reporting again as a nice bonus to have. So in the next few slides, I'll be talking about a specific technical sort of analysis that we were able to derive from our study. And one thing we found out was in the Havana release, which was a target for our pilot infrastructure, we noticed that the compute scheduler of NOAA was left behind compared to some of the enterprise grade schedulers like VMware, DRS, distributed resource scheduling. And what was nice to see was in the ISOs release, they seem to have immediately addressed that problem. So for example, one thing that OpenStack NOAA does not do is look at instantaneous resource utilization of the VMs and the host to make more intelligent decisions of placement of these VMs. It seems to only look at the headroom based on configuration sizes. And in the ISOs release, I noticed that OpenStack NOAA has created a framework where you can look at resource utilization metrics and schedule based on that. And as that work is going, it'll be really useful for us to leverage that and make our infrastructure more protection based. Automatic load balancing is something that will be really useful for the infrastructure because we have a lot of ebbs and flows in the workloads with a lot of VMs being spawned and torn down and a lot of debugging going on and users rebuild and launch VMs again. So really effective utilization of resources and consolidating all of them and as for your hypervisor, host as possible, this is a key requirement in infrastructure. And obviously the benefits to using OpenStack NOAA compared to something like VMware DRS because it's extensible, you can make changes. We noticed that the API is pretty flexible in defining your own metrics for scheduling, which is pretty useful for our use case. So one thing I mentioned earlier is the nature of how sender volumes are used in data on-tap VM. A typical configuration requires more than 20 sender volumes to be attached to our VM. And what we noticed in the NOAA volume attach architecture is when you attach all these volumes with one single command through the NOAA attach API, internally it still seems to do all of them serially one by one by talking to the hypervisor. So in this case, I've shown a picture in which we're talking to vCenter and we're trying to serialize here all the attaches of the sender volumes. So this was a significant time drain for us in the context of VM provisioning. It added about 40 seconds for a single VM provisioning. And we fixed this with a simple solution where we leveraged vCenter's API that can enable actually bulk attach of all the virtual disks in one single command. And this is an example of one thing that you can do with open source code like NOAA and make these changes to suit your use cases. So this change has really improved our performance of provisioning by about a factor of two or three and we're looking to push this upstream. So the other thing I talked about was the use of silometer and the promise of silometer for the infrastructure. And what we are noticing with silometer is it's still evolving. A lot of features are being added in ISOs. We didn't see support for VMware in Havana but we now see support in ISOs. And as we speak, I think we're adding lot more metrics and monitoring which will be really useful for both diagnostics, charge back and what all the use cases that can be built on top of silometer. And this is something that we really like to use for other automated things like an automated ticket filing if something goes wrong in the farm and so on. So we're really using silometer for that purpose. So to summarize some of the lessons that we learned from our use case with test of infrastructure and NetApp is we really like the fact that OpenStack is highly customizable and extensible. We added changes, we added our own service, we were able to combine it with the OpenStack installation to suit our use case. The seamless support for multiple hypervisors for maximum test coverage is a big plus for us. Silometer capabilities are still evolving but the potential of one-stop monitoring service is highly desirable for us. The other thing I'm noticing is that the capabilities of NOAA scheduler to bridge the gap with an enterprise-grade scheduler as that continues to shrink, it makes our transition a lot more simpler. Thank you. But, John. So with that we're gonna go ahead and open up for questions. We've got a microphone in the aisle here. If you don't wanna get up in the aisle, you can raise your hand. We'll still answer your questions to the best of our ability. Yes, sir? Sure, so. Yep, so from the storage perspective, ah, yes. It was asking about secure multi-tenancy. How do we implement that? It starts with the storage. Talked about the storage virtual machine, to secure entity within the storage cluster. In traditional NetApp, you would create a volume, export that volume, or carve a line out of a volume and share that out. With Clustered On Tap, you don't do that from the admin account anymore. You have to create an SVM. That can handle NFS, or SAN, or both. And that SVM, if you want it to share name IP spaces with the other SVMs, you can. But it can have its own routing tables. It can have its own IP space. Things like that. You can lock down ports just like you would with Linux. You can say AD and 443 and 22, and other ports. You can shut a lot of things down. There's some pretty good granularity in how you can secure the storage. On top of that, obviously we can do VLANs between the storage and the network, and that can go all the way up to the application. The Cisco Nexus and the Cisco UCS have some capabilities that extend that virtualization, that the security, and of course, REL has IP tables, C groups, SE Linux, so on and so forth. It's not just one mechanism. There's multiple layers of security at each layer that complement each other. And then that can be used, tenet to tenet. So we can keep Coke separate from Pepsi. We can keep marketing separate from sales, so on and so forth. Yes, sir? Yeah, I may have missed this because I was a little late, but could you elaborate a bit on what distro you used of OpenStack, or did you do it? Absolutely, so. And you mentioned something about a FlexPod, and does that come with a distro of OpenStack, or how does that fit in? So we ended up using REL OSP Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack platform for multiple reasons, including being a top contributor in the ecosystem, support, lifecycle training, a lot of the security certifications that they've already achieved with REL OSP, and the fact that there's a lot of things that are attractive to enterprise customers. The FlexPod refers to a converged infrastructure built around Cisco and NetApp. That is not part of the distribution. It is an example, converged infrastructure. There's other converged infrastructures out there that you can choose from if you choose to go that route, but from our standpoint, obviously NetApp has a vested interest in FlexPod, but from our standpoint, enterprise customers can really benefit from the pre-validated designs, the fact that you can do a full automation of the entire stack top to bottom. Anybody else? Okay, great. Thanks, guys. One quick question. Can you talk a little bit about whether or not you guys felt a need for segregating your storage traffic versus all of the other types of traffic that the stack brings? And if so, then kind of what was your approach? And if you can get into the details on the Cisco side, it'd be interesting to hear that. Yeah, so the question was did we separate the storage traffic from the other traffic and how did we do that? The answer is absolutely yes. I'm of the, my professional opinion is, not only do I like to keep storage traffic separate from management traffic, separate from data traffic, but I like to segregate even the individual storage, keeping NFS separate from iSCSI. And in a true secure multi-tenant environment, I would even go so far as to say that tenant A gets its own NFS VLAN. Tenant A gets its own iSCSI VLAN. It's a little bit more on the front in administration and configuration, but from the standpoint of keeping everybody separate, keeping everybody in their own swim lanes, it's critical, especially to not only enterprise customers, public sector customers, things like that. So the means of separating that is not only through VLANs, but through different IP spaces and things like that. So obviously a lot of layer two stuff there and layer three, but that's pretty much how we achieve that. So configured in the next switches and then configured in the storage and in the Linux side as well. Yes, so Rodney was asking how many tenants per VLAN or per, it could, I mean you're looking at, the question was what's the limit on the VLANs and I'm pretty sure that's gonna be down to the Cisco switches. I'm not sure what the upper end, no, it's more than that. It's more than 100 for sure. I would think it's in, there's a couple thousand if not mistaken. 4,000? Yeah, 4,000 VLANs. Thank you, thank you. Anybody else? You coming up or you leaving? Oh, he's leaving. If you wanna know more about the sender drivers that we're working on, all of that is available at the NetApp booth downstairs. So the sender drivers is under a document called the NetApp installation and administration guide. It has everything you wanna know about the sender drivers and what will become the Manila drivers. So thanks.


or even super brief. Yeah, I just wanted to quickly use this moment to share some important work we did in Vioprost recently to update our metrics stack so we can give you all those useful insights about all IPFSIO gateway operations. So the TLDR of that was basically we just outgrown our old stack and needed to revitalize that a bit. So we took the opportunity to really look at that from the ground up and managed to get some wins in terms of extensibility, cost reductions too. You can see that it's like over 80 percentile because we managed to leverage some spot instances and things like that. So it's like a huge win from conscious of time. So I guess the big TLDRs are just wanted to say thanks to Nikolai and the team for leading the efforts there and all the hard work they did and that it's the one implication of this is that we'll be sunsetting our old elastic search and Prometheus instances, but there'll be some upcoming announcements about that to publicize that and give everybody a chance. That's it for me. Thank you.


Today we talk about Kors Seltzer with a mission. Hey there, NJRoot22.com here with another low carb keto carnivore chat slash booze review. And it's about the Kors Seltzer, basically a low carb Seltzer. Now I'll give you the basics here, I'll just get these out of the way.  And they have four simple flavors. Dairy, mango, lemon lime, and grapefruit. I like simple flavors. And the cost is okay, I think they're about 15 bucks a pack. And I think the more you buy you might get a case discount. There's a little bit of bad news with these things. They have, while it says only 2 grams of carbs, which I can allow that every now and then, 2 grams of carbs isn't the end of the world. But it's 2 grams of sugar. 2 grams of sugar, entirely sugar. I'm gonna throw this little prop out of the way. I have my image up on the screen anyway. That's a deal breaker for us to be truthful. Because the taste, you know, it's taste. And I put that in quotes because it's a taste. It's a chemical reaction in your body. Taste isn't just ooh, it tastes good. I mean, just like, that's like someone saying drugs feel good. It's a bad thing happening in your body. The tongue isn't the only part of the body. And this is owned by Molson Kors, the largest alcohol company in the world. And what bugs me about this a little bit more than the sugar is their virtue signaling that they had to include in their marketing. And this is called Cours with a Mission. It's about restoring the rivers.  What they say on their marketing material and website is that a one 12-pack restores 500 gallons of river water. And just so you know, this mission that they have, it's only a 12-month mission. It expires, I think, in August of 2021. And by then everybody forgot about it because they'll remember the Cours seltzer as the river-saving seltzer. I really, really hate these add-ons to all these drinks and other products. It's like they're literally forced to come up with some sort of feel-good slant to the product. They've already had a boardroom full of people, let's do this, let's do that, let's save monkeys, let's do this, let's do that, let's make it cheaper. No, no, let's save the rivers. And they say, all right, they take a vote and so on. And I think they probably aim it at the millennial generation and younger because they feel like they can't buy anything without saying that, hey, I'm drinking and maybe they can get a marketing agreement for their Instagram. I'll promote your rivers, I'm a rafter. Here, send me a 12-pack and I'll lie to the camera to tell everybody how great it is to save the rivers. Older people like me, I'm a geezer.  It's just marketing and gimmicks. You should see it. I don't care how good it is and how much you can't really bash them for saving a river. It's just marketing and gimmicks. You can do anything these days as long as you have a mission and charity attached to it. Hey, I'm a crack dealer and I like breaking into cars and stealing rims. But I donate 10% of my theft to charity. Oh, okay, I guess you don't have to go to jail. I don't know. And this reminds me of Tom's shoes and I really just hate that company. They give one pair of shoes away to somebody somewhere in the world for every pair you buy from them. Why shouldn't I be able to opt in? Wouldn't I rather pay 50% less for a pair of shoes than paying for someone else's shoes that I don't even know or care about? I mean, that type of stuff bugs me. And you can see that they go, what are they doing? How do you know they're giving 50% of it away? I mean, maybe these shoes cost 10 cents because they're made in a sweatshop somewhere somewhere in the world. You know what I'm saying? At what point did they stop this stuff? We're never going to purchase these things again. I don't care how they taste.  We're not done. We're just completely done. I don't care if it's the last pack in the store and it's five minutes to closing time. I will not drink that night. That's how much I don't like it. So if you like this video, hit the bell and subscribe. And I'll see you next time.


Words with more than one pronunciation. Close or close. Close, adjective, near, loyal and friendly. Close, verb, shut, opposite of open. They are close friends. She's going to close the door. Live or live. Live, adjective, happening now. Live, verb, to be alive, reside. It's a live concert. They live in a small house. Lead or lead. Lead, guide, take charge or responsibility. Lead, noun, heavy metallic element, symbol PB. She's going to lead the meeting. Lead is a common element. Read or read. Read, see and comprehend written words. Read, verb, past tense of read. They read the newspaper every day. I just read the assignment. Tear or tear. Tear, verb, rip, pull apart. Tear, noun, drop of water from the eye. I'm going to tear the paper in two. That's a big teardrop. Bow or bow. Bow, bend one's body in respect. Bow, decoratively tied ribbon. They bow when they meet. That's a nice bow. Use or use. Use, verb, utilize, employ for a purpose. Use, noun, function or application. He likes to use a hammer. What's the use of this object? Excuse or excuse. Excuse, verb, forgive or pardon. Excuse, noun, justification for unusual behavior. Please excuse me. What's your excuse? Wind or wind? Wind, noun, movement of air, breeze. Wind, verb, make a spiraling motion. The wind is really strong. I'm going to wind the thread. Wound or wound? Wound, noun, injury, harm to the body. Wound, verb, past tense of wind. He had a terrible hand wound. I wound up the wire. Note, there are many more. These are just some of the most common ones. To see more videos like this, click on the link above. Or check out our websites for more free English learning resources, eslgold.com and freeenglishstudy.com.


but baby the devil is working okay hey girl what is poppin welcome back to another vlog if you're new here my name is Cara do not forget to like comment and subscribe so we're about to get started to get ready for the night I have reservations at no boo I'm busy and um yeah they just built a noble out here in Atlanta so I'm pretty excited to see how it looks I'm ready to try all the food I'm hungry but I'm not messing with this weather and it's a Tuesday but anyhoo so I'm about to start getting ready for that but I want to show y'all my new phone case my new phone case is from a case to buy if you aren't new you already know I love case to buy cases all my cases have came from case to fight and if you watched my previous videos I wanted to work with them so bad cuz those are all those are all the cases that I have because case to fight is the number one most popular tech accessory brand in the world so you know you're about to get some good protection case to buy is a bounce case and clear cases are available at case by calm so make sure you click my link for 15% off your order you can choose over 2000 prints for your phone case to customize it to you and what you like and your personality so this is my bounce case I got the motherboard bounce case it's powered by eco shock and this has a drop protection up to 21 feet so if you're somebody that's always dropping your phone you need to grab one of these just want to show y'all how good case to buy cases are okay I'm just I I know they are but I'm gonna show y'all okay let's do a drop test so yeah she's good I did pick up some clear cases and this has a drop protection up to 6.6 feet one of case to fight slim is phone cases so if you don't really like that bulky look but you still want your phone to be protected this one is the one for you I cannot wait to alternate all my cases throughout this season yeah but for now we're gonna stick with bounce case make sure you shop case to fight cases this holiday season you and also make sure you shop my link because the case to fight cases are just where it's at you get to customize from over 2000 prints and you will find what case works for you thank you so much case to fight for sponsoring this video so yeah so I'm just about to get ready I got a video uploading girl I'm really I'm really stressed out okay because I'm just trying to be vlogmas great but baby the devil is working okay so I got I always check my songs before I put them in my blog so one of them got checked I don't know if it got overlooked or what but they did one of the songs in the check that copyrighted so I didn't use it but the other one didn't and normally it would tell me but it didn't oh my god but it didn't so yeah I have I had to re-upload and then I still gotta get ready cuz I don't want to be late so I'm getting ready at like 645 reservations is at 8 so I'm trying to wait for this video and I already took a shower everything I've really just got to do my hair so we're gonna do that in a second after I get this situation because it's really irritating me because I don't want to go through this I have anxiety right now anyways I'm gonna come back when we get our hair situated cuz I want to try that viral TikTok pack for the heatless girls so we'll see y'all so I'm trying out outfits for tonight and I'm gonna definitely do this number but the hats that this company sent me they don't think it's why does my head have to be so big but I think this is what we're doing tonight so it's 630 I'm about to sit down and do my makeup at 645 I'm glad I did this so I don't be sweating and I have my fan charging I really just don't want to rush so I'm about to get undressed and freshen up a little bit and then we're gonna start okay so it's time to do our hair I really didn't want to put heat on my ear but I gotta put some on it slowly though yeah I'm so stressed out I need to I need to take a ashore ashawana because I'm so stressed out right now yeah I'm about to take one because I need to chill I just don't like when things don't go my way obviously I wake up early to get things done but girl I thought my blog is smooth blogs were short they're a little long so 40 freaking minutes I thought they're gonna be short but I think after the first couple ones they're gonna start getting shorter because this blog was a lot I'm not stressing it like whatever I get vlog footage I get is what I get okay 10 minutes 16 minutes 20 minutes as long as I deliver you know I'm saying but I didn't think this is going to take so long today literally and then I had to change my songs I actually was done with it the song just like the copyright stuff just irritates me like I need my own DJ at this point can you make something for me one too a little one too but we're gonna have a good night and I have an 8 all day I'm on a calorie deficit like I'm not eating over like 1800 calories a day so I didn't eat today that's probably why my body is just like done with it's like we're all feeding like what are you doing oh my god so we're gonna try the leggings trick so I don't even know if this is gonna work so all you do is twist it around the leg part alright hair set so now let's just go do our makeup that's what takes the freaking longest yeah I'm over here I took a shower and my brushes are so like there's a blue on this like everything is just irritating me right now my brushes are big I should have took these out like what I'm stressed out the I should want I need to kick in because baby I'm brash my video finally got done checking huh this cannot happen again I have to be on my peace and queues with this so I'm trying not to get too worked up about it it's done the overweight moving forward it's 716 I plan on being done like 730 and I'm gonna be at my best I need to do some affirmations I'm gonna be at my best I am a good night you're gonna look bomb is buck flawless is buck filtered as buck out of the tongue baby power of the tongue hi Danielle um I'm sorry I thought um I didn't know I thought this was one driver cuz I met him through Uber and I was gonna ask him what's he driving tonight um just a ride to Nobu um like 750 745 but that's like soon yeah he's like finishing up a ride right now what I can do is I'm gonna just have to look for next time because I don't have time no but he's such a nice man like many weird experiences with these overdrivers girl one time I asked the overdriver if he could stop at Starbucks girl he said who do you think I am I said excuse me um you're my overdriver and if I can add a stop I should be able to do so I don't understand you know big issue big see big drama I'm so I'm trying to calm down what is this for yeah when I was in Miami I forgot my nose contour so I'm gonna use what I use cuz I really want my same makeup because it was just too good out there this is not the color and I use this makeup by Mario palette to contour my nose I think I'm gonna use this for now on because snatching it's snatching it's in this brown color right here and this is the fix plus spray I sprayed throughout doing my makeup because this is so good their makeup is gonna last so long it's gonna be and I like to mix the Laura Mercier translucent and also the hood of beauty together together I really want to be done by me here at 745 I'm really just trying to be the girls there I'm trying to see if I can but 750 is not bad because it's literally down the street and I really like these lashes they're so wispy and I like my natural the natural lash for every day but I cut the ends of like these wispy lashes and they just look so good they make my eyes look so lifted so if you have a lash company girl cuz I literally get all my lashes from my stash of lashes when the girls have send them in the PO box I literally have lashes for days so if you have like a wisp like it's like wispy like I don't know how to explain it but it's so good send them DM me send them I want to support you and 721 725 the girls just text the group chat talking about they leaving now she powder the pink one I'm just put in my hand and I just like to go in in the middle so hello oh that's cute I don't know because I feel like the other one is giving like it's covered up but it's still giving sexy for the holidays you know what I'm saying okay y'all so I just got dressed so I'm wearing h24 as my set of the night mix with a whole bunch of stuff girl but it's too far is the main character okay so we out I'm probably gonna block up my phone cuz it doesn't fit so yeah I'm just ending this video off last night was fun we wrote a bull we went to U bar had drinks noble was it was good I love the wagyu tacos they're so good and I had to see bass was really it and also the crispy rice was okay the rice was good but you couldn't really taste the tuna and then oh my god my face is so swollen and then what else that I like she ordered they ordered something that I tried new the one it looks like yellow so but it wasn't yellow so that was really good and then the yellow so alone it was really good so overall seven out of ten atmosphere it's too like it's not secluded like you can look at people and see them for real and people are just you can just see people and it's and yeah you can like see people so yeah but my memories going I enjoyed it I would go back or whatever but you bar was definitely a vibe but yeah it was a good night so that wraps up this vlog this vlog and I'm probably gonna be giving away a target gift card so all you need to do is go comment down below what you liked about the vlog and then a screenshot your comment send it to me in your Instagram DM and then send me your email as well so in the DM will be your screenshot of your comment and then your email so I can send it to you via email but I love you all so much and I will see you on next video


A palimpsest is a page or a leaf from a document where the original text has been either washed away or scraped away in order to reuse that writing material for a new document. Essentially parchment which was quite often used as the writing material at the time was quite an expensive commodity to come across and to make so for any of these areas where there was a high demand for writing materials parchment would be reused for any of these ancient texts. So they would take the parchment and clean off the original text and then reuse that to put writing on top of it again. If the area itself didn't have a high percentage of papyrus or paper available in the area and parchment was predominantly used as the writing material then quite often it would be reused rather than using new materials which weren't available. Multispectral imaging helps us to read palimpsests by using a range of different lights in order to enhance any of the different chemical compositions in the manuscript itself. So differences between ink and parchment become quite apparent under different lighting conditions. The applications of multispectral imaging for the British Library include recovering erased and faded text, recovering information that has been lost due to damage over time, water damage, fire damage, anywhere where this text that has become illegible over time. We found using multispectral imaging on this manuscript that there are three different texts within the original manuscript and the parchment palimpsests that have been used are partial folios. Quite often they've been inserted to improve the strength of the original folios. In the future I imagine we will be combining imaging techniques such as 3D imaging with something like multispectral imaging which we currently use at the British Library. Combining these techniques which allow us to recover faded and lost information with information about the internal structure of objects would be critical.


Protest organizers could be financially liable when their event leads to property damage in Minnesota under a proposed bill. Republicans who control the House say the bill would help prevent damages to infrastructure, but Democrats and other critics say it's a vile, veiled attempt to chill free speech. The bill passed the House Committee Wednesday over Democratic objections and now heads for a full vote on the House floor. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.