So a lot of people have questions about how to bid wiring jobs how we bid them and kind of the process and I'm starting outside for a reason because the type of building makes a big difference. This is a my building and it's a single-story strip mall with UPS driving by right now and So I'm gonna start there and we're gonna come back to some of the why but it comes down to this is gonna vary from location location, but it comes down to building codes and Some of the building codes means there's gonna be fire stops in a wall And we're gonna talk about that when we get inside because it's something you're gonna have to consider When you're doing the wiring when you're doing the cabling and now we're gonna start walking through the building Can't show you how we look at it And then in the end I'm gonna show you actually how these bids go into the system that we use and how we actually sound to the Client get approved and get the job done and get paid now I'm doing this at my building because one I have access to it to a lot of times I can't take the camera in like for example, we bid these medical jobs or any other buildings. They're actively being used We're adding drops to them I can't just wander around their building with a camera showing you stuff there comes a lot of legal issues So showing you my building is easy because I have permission from me the owner to do this. Alright, so let's go inside First place to start is go to their back room maybe a D mark which demarcation is gonna be where The phone lines come in data lines come in cable comes in in our case We don't even have any of that old stuff in our building We ripped all of it out because it wasn't necessary, but a lot of the companies you're gonna went to are still using Years playing telephone lines or at least have a room that comes in and it's often where the cable comes in That is not always the same in a multi-tenant building as where their server will be but in some cases it is So you got to determine where the wires coming into where you're running them to in this case We have a cabinet and we have a patch panel now not everyone does so you either have to add a patch panel in no big deal Just add the price in there. We'll talk about pricing later in the video. You put the patch panel in Or see how many ports they have open on there Something else to note is was it even done properly ours is neat and clean because we put it in But we have ports open and I can look behind and You can see that there's slack on the wire if someone who punched it down I had no idea what they're doing. This happens a lot and you're gonna see this When they do that you want to make sure you can service this patch panel We've seen some that we just declared it's easier to put another patch panel in Because of the way all the wires were kind of rigged in there We're like look we don't unless they want to pay us for cleanup We don't want to try and pull those back out because they just didn't leave us enough tension To get behind the patch panel so we can just put either another one in or you can go with a modular So we have to make sure there's enough ports on the switch enough ports on the patch panel or we add switches and patch panels Those are first things to think about second thing to think about is how far away is this from where they want the wires? So I often like to start here So I know where all the wires are going to be landing where all my poles are going to be landing So all the poles come to the ceiling come down here And I look around to make sure there's no obstructions. This is a standard drop ceiling building So there's not any instructions. Let's talk about distance That's the next thing you have to think about once you've established. Okay, this is where it is And it's not always in the ideal place. I mean ideally you like it centrally located That's just not how buildings always laid out ours is the back of the building because that was the Easiest best place to put it where it's most out of the way and all the servers can be back here Versus, you know, trying to put it centrally in the building to make all the run short We're gonna talk about how an IDF and MDF kind of complement each other and why we have two of them here So I'm about midway through my office and so the server is back there And to get you an idea when you're looking around and I'm gonna pan the camera around here This is how you figure out the distance the easiest way I mean, it's great if you have one of those little wheels to measure it out You can try to set tape measures on the floor. You might the wheels for pretty cheap That's got the little measure or so feet if you really care about exactly how many feet it is The most important part is does it exceed the 300 foot rule of how far you can have 100 meter 300 foot I've gotten that wrong before in our videos, but that's roughly the distance that you can have for Standard cat 5 cat 6 cabling before there's a drop-off and if you're using cat 6a You can get 10 gigabit over the full length and you're using cat 6 standard It only goes for 37 meters before the drop-off That's a whole other video But just a couple considerations there most of the time the majority of offices here in 2018 are still just using gigabit Because that's the standard equipment you're gonna find on there So pretty much all your jobs are gonna be well removed mostly to cat 6. There are some people still at cat 5 I've had a few people comment that the price difference isn't there anymore.  We're talking about actual copper. You do not want the aluminum clad Stuff don't get that you see those boxes for really cheap avoid that you're avoiding a headache and potential fire hazard If they try to use it over PoE, it's just not good cable. Don't get copper clad aluminum That's the cca cable crap stuff and like I said now I've got the camera back by the server and Facing forward and these are your standard two foot by four foot ceiling towels They're very popular in a lot of offices and sometimes you'll see square ones Sometimes you'll see easier standard drop ceiling and these are for access for ventilation ducting and of course This is where a lot of cabling goes now you can just simply count them That's all the easiest ways when we go into a building We'll just look up and do a walk count the ceiling tiles and when you're measuring a cable you got to figure Okay, how far off the ceiling we have a particularly kind of a lower ceiling here But you got to think about okay the up and then back down distance, which okay? Let's say eight feet in this case eight foot high ceilings So we get eight foot up and down it's gonna come down close to the floor of the wall So there's eight feet of cable plus the distance from here to wherever it is and you're not necessarily Going to go directly down this hallway. You may you may not depending on what obstructions on the walls Most of ceilings in a standard construction like this You're gonna have hollow walls and the only go just a little bit above the ceiling towels Because he started out as you know empty when he built the strip and all they started empty built like this So there's not generally anything up and over but bring a step soul with you Take a peek in the ceiling see if there's anything that's gonna obstruct getting it from the Demarcation or server room or IDF MDF in the back to any other locations And then start planning out your cabling from there awesome if they have a schematic of the building They just don't scribble it down on paper so you can start you know figuring out where these things go All right, so now we're at the front of my building now. What do we have here? So? We measured out my building. We're about counting ceiling tiles It's gonna be about 50 feet from where I'm standing to the MDF or main distribution frame where we started in the very back Once you've started there you could okay now. I'm gonna have 50 foot runs That means every time I run the cable up to the front here There's gonna be 50 feet of cable use so you got to kind of keep that in your head How much cable do I need for the job and start making some mental notes for the for the assistance now? Our place here is a little unique for a computer store. You may not wire a lot of computer stores Maybe you're wearing your computer store. We wanted a high density of cables up in this area Now we run into this a lot with trucking companies and that we work with because they have dispatch areas or call centers Whenever they have a call center the call center may be and for example One of them has a call center next to their shipping area because they coordinate there It's at the very corner of their building and this is where the MDF IDF comes in So main distribution frame at the back where we started you may go You know what's easier is to put a IDF intermediate distribution frame over here now What we did in our building is at the front where we have all these jacks.  This has led to us having this other cabinet put in now they call this cabinet an IDF or Intermediary distribution frame so instead of running all these I think there's 33 or 34 drops in here Maybe a few more didn't count exactly. I would if I was actually bidding it When you put these in you're like, okay Do you want to run 33 drops all the way to the back and home run them back to the server? That's great But that's not always the most practical especially like I mentioned with some of the transportation companies They're in large warehouses. That means you have to have one pole going from there to here Or sometimes two because you want to bond them together. So here's where speed considerations come in We are perfectly fine and actually a majority of companies are for example for a cost that are phone calls Do not require a massive amount of bandwidth So one run going from here to there is fine at gigabit But fibers consideration if it comes a greater distance or running a cat 6a and getting a switch that supports 10 gigabit Is also an option that way you have a 10 gigabit pipe because these you know 33 connections need to get back at the same Time to there and if they squeeze down to the lowest speed That's where the bottleneck would end up being but for the most part when you're talking about a call center with Voight Honestly, it's it's perfectly fine to run gigabit voice quality is look up how many kilobits per call I mean do some math on this in case they have more phones than you think they will but generally speaking voice compresses well voice does not take a lot of bandwidth and Getting it across to the back over a gigabit line is generally adequate because you got to think about all those calls Generally leave the building at much less than gigabit. So it's something to think about there But so once you have the speed consideration figured out You may want to put one of these in because when we start putting all these different cables in now We have a real short runs to do and punch them all here and it makes the job a whole lot easier There's a lot less cabling in the ceiling and the job actually ends up going a lot faster So whether or not you need one make that consideration But of course if you need one and you got to consider the extra cost of adding a cabinet switches up here and Documentation to it So you then have to think about okay? Everyone's got to connect here What if they need VLANs well then you got to make sure that you trunk the ports that go across and these are just some Of the scaling considerations you need to have when you're putting these in so We did do it in our building. We do it in a lot of the transportation buildings So it's one of those things think about that you don't want to just run everything back across the building Now the wiring itself. This is where we're talking about being in a strip mall So fire code here in Michigan the way it's worded is when you have two adjacent Buildings on a strip wall. This is the wall. So the windows right there. This is the wall by which Separates me and the other tenants and of course the other wall same thing versus the middle walls They're going to be hollow. They have to put fire stop in here. I imagine this is common throughout a lot of the states I don't know the rules in there, but this is one of those things that will get you you're like, oh, yeah I can put wiring drops here on this wall. We put them above because they are for Computers, but most time you're probably going to want them on the floor that's going to vary or into the cubicles themselves so when you're doing this The wall is not hollow there. They put a Bar across there to two by fours across That means there's no way to get directly down from here to here without Special drill bits. How does that work? It's a pain You have to get long drill bits and drill through that to get the wire through because you can't just wallfish it down So this becomes a real pain in a butt now our solution was actually and that's why there's this corner piece here this corner piece is Just your standard fiber tubing, but we all the cat 5 cables run down through that orange tube over here so they come from the ceiling down to get to The back area and a couple of the other wires that do go through the ceiling for things that we can run through the ceiling up here But then the bottom down is because we actually had to go down and then this way into the wall and how do you go that way into all on our studs well we actually cheated and We ran that same conduit tube underneath here and when we did that We then pulled out of the tube and went up to bring the cables up sometimes you got to get tricky on them They're kind of an exception, but I wanted to note that that's something you'll run into in strip malls The other thing you're going to run into is when people want things in the very front of the building This becomes really tricky.   Those are kind of one-off exceptions They're not part of your regular Bidding but you have to think about that and if you run into those you just add Extra half hour labor how much longer you think it's gonna take you to do those and we get to the bidding part We'll talk about those breakdowns there. All right, so I'm at the front of the building my front lobby Just so you know and there's a drop now the good news is there's a window here, but the drop is on the other side So it's standard drop ceiling. We came through the ceiling Went down put a jack on the wall pretty straightforward now because this is like I said This is a mid mid wall because now you're looking back at that front counter area This is a mid wall which means we're gonna be able to get right into the ceiling on it No problem and pull the wire straight down through. That's not a big deal at all So the shops are pretty straightforward to do. There's not not much to it Now a couple tricks to help with where the hell do the wires go? This is one of those things you kind of explain to the client that hey They should go in the walls here. They should not go directly under. I can't get it underneath So you got to explain that because they may not understand and then you just tell them So when it comes to the day of the job, please have you post it note exactly where you want them? This saves you a lot of trouble. It's cool. If you want to draw on the walls put an X on it However, they want to do it But post it notes are easy because that way in case they put it too far where you can't put it And you just say hey can I move this post and over this is where it'll go You write down the number drops to go to that location to in this particular instance Even though there's one cable plugged in we did run to and then you just tell them write the number two and Get a post it note on there and bring some post it notes with you Hand them to the client because just in that off chance to turn office without post it notes That makes a big difference. This helps you so much that way the day the cabling job comes in You know where everything is it's marked now cool If they have a schematic and you can actually draw it on the schematic But the schematic is still going to miss how high each one needs to go unless you make that note on there Actually, you know Mike like turned off Auto lights so when you're doing that those post it notes help a lot that way you and the client know where everything goes And I even go a step further a lot of times when my guys are out on jobs I have them taking photos Before they actually start cutting holes if we think the client's really picky We worked with a building contractor who we get along with great We just know how picky they are with everything which is fine and we always comply with that Okay, so you did the walkthrough you know the wiring is gonna go you got the physical part figured out You find out how much wire you're gonna run you figured okay this customer wants and we're using my building as an example here You know about 50 drops Let's say and we know that if we ran them all to the back You know it would cost us 50 times 50 and cable 50 feet links the cable But we're actually running them up front so there's a little bit less cabling you can sit and do all the math on that I'm not gonna break that down for you in detail But can you get the idea those are different things so you want to know how much you know cable to purchase and make the decision on that When I'm using invoice ninja, I've talked about this before so I'm gonna walk you through the process Actually, how we do it in our system and how we send the bid to the client now Here's our client McTess face which you've used before and we're gonna click on data drop and I'll show you what we have here now Installed data drops we have it here and I just edit it as needed so it's wallfish tested plated That means from the wall plate all the way back to wherever the you know If it's the IDF MDF wherever the patch panel is it means all the way back tested and plugged in and working and I've showed Tools on here. I've got like the client tester reason to make sure the cables working fine make sure it's all good and That is how we break down the pricing now I like to keep it as simple as possible But no simpler and what I mean by that is some people like to break down each individual wall plate They like to break down every little piece of it I've seen people break down even what they refer to as like the mud ring and you can look up some of this Like for the actual physical install part they break it all down and they line item all of it I've had people say oh, no, this is how we make our money You know we mark up this mark up that reality is you're making it complicated because now you have to adjust if the customer starts with and we said 51 drops here and An established rate of 180 You then have to go and adjust all of those to quantity of 51 keeping it simple and keeping it all Consolidated for the network drop means if the client says you know what? You know when you did the bid, but I decided can I add one more drop sure and they can also themselves look at it They see it's the unit cost which that will get to in a second is really easy to just adjust this number and If they decided to go with less drops or more drops Becomes really simple now the unit cost How much you're going to charge per drop completed is something you kind of have to figure out for the job so think about the overall cable you're going to use for the job and Especially the labor that is where the big part is so even if we did had 50 drops at 50 feet So if we said 50 times 50 feet we're using 2,500 feet of cable, you know, of course, there's gonna be some slack in some little bit of waste here in there So that's three about 3,000 foot boxes of cable. Well cable is not that expensive Matter of fact, you're looking at $9,000 for this project at 180 a drop But your box as a cable or for nice cat 6 cable is going to be roughly I don't know $130 a box It's not most of the cost here the big thing you have to think about when you're adjusting your unit cost is the labor because Insulting the drops the wall plates they're cheap wall plates are a couple dollars at most Generally when you're buying a bulk pack of wall plates They're under a dollar for the wall plate the little rings and little job boxes that attach to them same thing Really cheap you're talking about a few dollars going into the drop and cable wise you're only using a few dollars with the cable The rest of it is gonna be the time you have to put into you like I talked about the plate at the top of the wall The board the runner board across the top you have to drill through that and pull the wires to now This unit cost also varies greatly depending on location. We here in Michigan in the Detroit area This is a general going rate. We see But sometimes we've seen it go a little bit lower We've seen some people trying to charge way less which doesn't make any sense to me Is I don't think the family at the time and we've seen in other states They charge way more this is because some states as I understand and when we go out of the country It goes this problem persists where they need special licenses to do it So the cost can be a lot higher because you're have to pay your text more because the cost of living the area Or you have to pay more because you have to keep up with certifications and licensing So don't look at this price and go that's what I'm gonna charge And that's what I'm gonna do to make money if you're in California I can tell you that you're not charging enough if you're in a rural area You may have to just bump for drive time because sometimes you drive more and some people like to roll that into the unit cost That's up to you I like to line item if there's drive time in there the other thing this does is It's a quantity game and you can come up with this for the client So hey, you know if you're looking at a project two ways You can say well, if you're only gonna go with the 10 drop project, I'm gonna charge you 190 but if you go with the 50 drop project, I'll charge you 170 and you can put these things together and adjust it accordingly now Everything is a drop when it comes to the wall So if there's a four game plate, that's not one drop That's four drops and make sure when you're doing the bid you're telling that to the client because Sometimes just confusion they say I want three workstations and they told you each workstation needs a phone line and a data line No problem because they don't want to do the pass you through the phone. No problem We can do that But that means each station needs two drops and make sure you tell it at the point when you're bidding it because there's been confusion where you send the bid over to like you've sent it for double the quantity of What we wanted and we're like no we did what you wanted So always make sure that you're clear that each one's a drop and that's how you bill it now granted This is where you can also offer a discount because once you've drilled the hole once and you're pulling four cables down to the same wall fish Well, you can if there's a bunch of them like that you play the laws of averages here and do discount the rate It's up to you, but this becomes complicated. It's just generally not how we do it We've not had a problem. We've done some of these larger 300 400 drop jobs and done it exactly like this where we Just put it in without doing like okay when it's a four game plate. It's this rate, but it's a one game plate It's this great that makes it complicated for the client So generally speaking come up with a unit cost for this particular job And also let them know because we've had times when we installed a lot of drops for a client And then they changed your mind You only want us to one run drop and they want the one drop price No by the time they come out there running one drop for this lower rate I'm gonna have to add some time to come out there so those are some of the factors that go into there and You check around you can find out what people are charging and kind of see what your market is For that and don't just go undercutting the other people There's probably a reason they have that price based on there There's a lot of things you need to have I carry liability insurance Obviously the cost of client acquisition has to be factored in there You know how much we spend on marketing how much time we spend going to events to even get some of these jobs and networking events and Everything else you have to think about all that has to go in here It's not just what you pay the technician. It's everything that leads up to this is how you set any of your rates for things you charge But keeping it this simple makes it real easy and this is all we put on the line items here And now you can see we've got an $8,500 job out of 50 drops at 170 a drop next piece It is we talked about This right here So we have this nine you rack and we showed the rack up there So this has to be put in there where you find these well, they're pretty cheap on Amazon We've actually had and I taught did a video about this recently We talked about how much better of a deal frequently we find on Amazon with things Then we find with some of the other places. So here's a nape point nine you deluxe cabinet 19 inch deep and there we go and We don't always depends. I'll pick you the client is nape point deluxe it wall mount cabinet rack Or you can just call it it won't call that rack 19 enclosure keep it simple client knows that it is It's the wall mount enclosure that you quoted to put on there. So put the description in there now Here's the next question. How much do we mark it up? General rule I have is maybe 20% markup on this. So add a few dollars to this Then you have to add the time is going to take you to assemble the mounted This doesn't ship assemble think about that. So I'm gonna put it together We know these things really well So we know how to put them together doesn't take us much time So you can't base it on the first time you put it together kind of get an average idea My staff can put one of these together and maybe 15 20 minutes and then mount it on the wall We actually prefer to do all the assembly parts in the office and bring them delivered unless Unless something's prohibiting us from doing that that way if there's any little problems We found them all here if there was a screw missing hasn't happened But just in case it's less embarrassing to find a screw missing at a client compared to just oh look We just needed to have one more screw so you get this and then you got amounts on the wall Make sure you mount it properly if you're wiring cabling, please know how to do that You know find the studs bolted in there so you get an add an hour So we you know we started at a unit cost of 149 let's say we add like you know 35 40 dollars now Now I don't recommend marking things up too much because this is where clients get often angry I've seen people do discounted labor when they break everything down and then quadruple all the parts Guess what someone's going to do and they're gonna copy that and they're gonna paste it and They're gonna hey look Tom reviewed one of these by the way right here. They found the first result is Amazon they're gonna know how much you paid for it. Do clients do that? Yeah, that happens people get curious about that So I never try to put much markup on the parts. That's not where I try to make my money We've always tried to be very forthcoming. We make it on labor. I'll tell them that if they ask me You know, we're all in here to business make money So we for the trouble of wording it will say we'll mark this up to I don't know 169 so I had 20 bucks to it add another hour of labor and whatever your labor it is so It starts at 149 and we'll split 25 for an example And then we'll add an hour of labor which we charge 120 hours. So 294 becomes the installed price and Then what we're doing here, and this is just something invoiced as it does we put the three pounds assemble assemble Mount cabinet, all right typos, sorry And when the pound signs do when they show you down here as it's building the quote see how it just puts a little Gray under here. So when you're detailing it out, we have that information in there. So great. There's parts What's the other parts we need? Now I could break these down different we generally just listen as the parts before they put the description in here Actually, I might have the 48. Yeah, we have the gigabit switches in here and stuff like that if there's any switches Network 48 port switch This is all depends on how you set up your system I'm just gonna list under parts because I don't have an item for this But 48 port patch panel same thing go to Amazon. How much is that? Patch panel. Here's a network distribution cat 648. They're 50 bucks put a few dollar markup on there's not really extra on that So, you know, we'll put this at 65 bucks couple dollar markup quantity one quantity one Anyway, we go now we have the total here for 8,000 69 you've made it very simple for the client the only thing that you may have to want a client about is We knew some we're gonna go in this front IDF some are going in the back. So 50 does exceed 48 But some are going to the back and you could always Relist your data drops and put data drops to the back IDF data drops to the front That's not a big deal to split that so we know where they're going and you can also Have to let the client know that in this happened recently with our clients We told them look, you know, they wanted 42 drops. So 40 port patch panel. No problem We get there they decided that they wanted 10 more Well, you know, we suggested that they get a bigger patch panel and my guys keep one in a truck They kept a 24 in a truck. So we hadn't to add another patch panel on their parts list So they're cheap keep a few we keep a handful of these in stock at any given time So there's something you should have but it's also something you have to adjust to the client say Hey, if you exceed this, you will need a bigger patch panel But generally the clients are just doing this or just going here and either changing it to a couple dollars Last a couple dollars more by adjusting the quantity and that makes it really easy. Like I said, this keeps the Simplicity of how you do the bidding with the clients because there's always changes and adjustments now We're gonna add another one here I'm gonna bring this one up because I just like when it looks when it's up And I put this in a second time because this is another thing we do wallfish tested plated install network drops for WAP and And this is with your wireless access point. We still have a rate for those and the same thing We're just gonna change it to wired Wired tested mounted and this is for putting in WAPs So we'll put these in so your wireless access points and the same thing you come up with the rate for each WAP This makes it easy for the client now This is where a lot of times we make it even simpler for them and let's talk about like a unify AC so for we'll put in a AC-LR So we put that in there. So now what we're going to do is there's the 180 we need to add and how much is the ACLR Look them up real quick. So what are they going for? Now with the unified stuff like right here's one of the long-range ones pretty straightforward I usually go by the MSRP price, which I think is 119 So that's the mark enough Marco to me as MSRP once again if you're buying these in quantity You can get them a little cheaper, but if the customer looks this is what it is So there's our little unified long-range. So which one are we using? We'll just go ahead and there we go paste that in So that's 119 plus 180. So that's 300 now the client if they're wavering back and forth about installing these how many they want well They may say, you know three is good But later before you get there or whatever maybe they change your mind about the quote And they only want two or they want four Now you've got an easy way for the client who you give them the prices to put this in It's really easy for them to go. Hey, I can change it now. They don't have to change two numbers on an invoice They can calculate this themselves, and it's really easy to do. So here's the 48 port page panel There's the four wireless access points and a way we go now if you saw a PoE switched and it's another piece You'll have to calculate in here is making sure there's enough ports enough wattage on a PoE to run this But you kind of get the idea of keep it very simple So you can communicate with the client because reality is we are technicians love all the doodads and Details that go into this we are fascinated by all the technology at least a lot of us are I know I am and That's great. They are looking at this as a tool so their company can operate like anything else They have a lot of other things and I come back to some of the transportation clients. They have a lot of stuff to calculate I'm sure the guy selling them a large truck loves to talk about how many, you know Horsepower and all kinds of cool wheezing things that go on inside the engine with it But they're going I just need something to haul freight because I am paid to haul freight Will this thing haul the freight I want will this bring the data I want so my customers can answer the phone So when we call my my staff can do their job So can we have wireless all throughout our building and you know in the areas that you quoted and if I need more Wireless how much does that cost? Well, cool. I need one more now They know and you right now we're not talking tech you're talking business to them You've created us to a simple template that your customers can easily work with you on and make adjustments to The pricing to get the job done and you've now eliminated some of that barrier if you make this convoluted and really long They start looking for line items and they're like I just get it done if you make it very easy to go Okay, you know what we wanted a couple more jobs This is just kind of this ethos that we try to keep with our clients and try to really be this way with them Now a couple quick notes about purchasing the parts and a few you've asked about this spot We purchased things from Amazon We do work with other vendors besides Amazon of course kind of an eye as needed and who's there but do not do this This has come up a couple times with this cabling someone says cat six cabling's cheaper than cat five And why do you even do cat five? Some clients when they're really on a budget will do cat five because gigabit is more than enough just to do the phones And they're fine with that cat six if you see it for really cheap like 56 bucks a box You're probably looking at CCA cable copper-clad aluminum. Please run away from this stuff stay away from it You can do your own searching and find out reasons why but in short you're talking about copper-clad aluminum when you do this You want standard cat six? Full copper or depending on how the code works for you You need plenum or riser now This does have the factor into your billing Most cities here in Michigan and the state itself do not have any specialized rules regarding plenum plenum as a fire rated stuff And we're talking about going into the ceilings like a drop ceiling that airspace is the plenum where air may circulate that may come in Contact with people so if there's a fire it would circulate there when it's all said and done This type of job because we label everything as we go We don't actually add too many extra notes But one thing we might add for notes is when we do like one and two drops is like we just had a job where we installed two Access points. Well, we just labeled the ports we put them on because we handed off as we were contracted by another IT company So we'll sometimes put in there and on there in here or even in the notes like a installed port 22 and 23 for wireless access Point so they know where to finish plug them in but that's it and then we email the quote to them and It's ready to go now you last thing I will talk about we'll need a deposit of $0 to get started may not be your process It depends on the client generally speaking. We look at a 50% deposit. So we got $9,800 here. So maybe you want a partial deposit of 4900. That's kind of an up-to-you thing It's how you want to work with the companies generally we like to get any new client We're gonna ask for 50% down to get things started We're not sure how the engagement is going with them We sometimes ask for more when we're dealing with some of these out-of-state companies because they can be a little bit more of a pain We've learned so we ask for a larger deposit 60 or 70 percent down Because we're having someone out-of-state contract us to wire their local building What's really hard to chase them for money sometimes. So it's a risk. You have to take a business But getting at least a larger deposit helps mitigate some of that risk on there But then we send it off to them and I'm gonna show you real quick here. So email the quote And now it says 4900 This is just a feature that invoice ninja has to make this easy Hitting mark send is kind of the same as emailing it and this is kind of a cool thing That I like is this frequently can we we do this and its emails on the quote They see it then they go, you know, I want to change they call me or emails back And you know, can you add this and we just had this happen the other day They wanted a few more added So we'll bring this back up to a 52 Save quote And this is something really handled really well in our system So now we just email the same quote again by changing that and it updates and revises The system forum it also is kind of cool because it does keep a quote history in here So we can look at each quote and who'd edit it because sometimes I'm the one that may have created the quote or maybe one of my other staff created the quote they contact me and Then we go back and forth. So this is just a couple of things to think about And how we do the quotes and how we send them out and this is the process This isn't like me making something up and telling you this is kind of like how we do it This is what a job looks like for us except for it's usually not to be with some but head It's to real customers every day. We do a lot of cabling a lot of wiring and this process and people can tell me I'm wrong. I've been doing it for years. We're profitable and you know This is it's not something you need to overthink that much do come up with your pricing You're gonna have to adjust it if you go if my pricing is a basis you may make a lot of money You may make very little because the cost of living and everything is so much more expensive where you are like California Seattle New York some of those places where you just have a lot of other Expenses you kind of got to do look at a big picture. So there's some bigger thought you have to have But this is running a quote. This is it once it's done It gets approved and money goes in the bank and that quick you go through a small office Even as small as ours granted 50 jobs kind of a lot for this big of a building But when you're building out like a dispatch center call center areas, there's a lot of drops to go in I mean these jobs get up there $20,000 easily for a small business and you know catching a winter moving in now I know a lot of people say how do you get the clients? I've talked about this before sales sales more sales meetings Chamber everything. There's some more information on channel more videos coming on some of the sales stuff But that is a tough part of it. There's not a magical place You could just have business land on you Maybe one day I'll invent it, but I haven't found it if someone knows one. Let me know Thanks for watching if you liked this video go ahead and click the thumbs up Leave us some feedback below to let us know any details what you like and didn't like as well because we love hearing a feedback Or if you just want to say thanks leave a comment If you wanted to be notified of new videos as they come out go ahead and subscribe and the bell icon that lets YouTube know That you're interested in notifications. Hopefully they send them as we've learned with YouTube Anyways, if you want to contract us for consulting services You go ahead and hit Lawrence systems calm and you can reach out to us for all the projects that we can do and help you We work with a lot of small businesses it companies even some large companies and you can farm different work out to us Or just hire us as a consultant to help design your network Also, if you want to help the channel in other ways, we have a patreon We have affiliate links. You'll find them in the description You'll also find recommendations to other affiliate links and things you can sign up for on Lawrence systems calm once again Thanks for watching and I'll see you in the next video


Hello, my name is Ava. I'm a PhD student at Group Lens at the University of Minnesota, and today I'm going to be talking about our projects, policy deliberations in Wikipedia talk pages, and how editors construct knowledge about mental health. So in this presentation, I'll go over a quick overview of our work, the research questions, our data collection process, and I'll also talk about our future methods and plans for analysis. So it's following that mental health is a topic of global concern. And for the last years, society has been pushing efforts to improve access to mental health information, resources and support services. The term mental health literacy describes someone's knowledge about these things, and research has shown that it has a myriad of benefits, such as increasing help seeking behavior and having a lower risk for mental health disorders. So with this in mind, it's really important that mental health knowledge is accessible, accurate, up to date and coming from multiple perspectives. And this is where Wikipedia comes in, because values like easy access, accuracy, and diverse perspectives are central to the Wikipedia community. This is reflected in the Wikipedia community guidelines, policies and principles. A 2020 study also indicated that Wikipedia's health content is the most frequently visited resource for health info online. Wikipedia has over 100 mental disorder articles and many more that are mental health related. All this being said, little is known about how mental health knowledge is constructed on Wikipedia, in particular, who's contributing knowledge, how do they do it, and how is this process facilitated by Wikipedia guidelines and policies. So this study seeks to answer those questions with three specific research questions. The first probes at patterns and policy discussions in the talk pages of mental health articles. Our second research question looks at the impact of policy discussions on the article information and quality. And our third research question seeks to have a larger discussion about how policy discussions and general editing behaviors on mental health articles might align with or do not align with Wikipedia values like pluralism and neutrality. So our methods for doing this start with gathering articles about mental health and will analyze the talk page data in the main article text data of those articles. Now, we're in the early stages of this project, so I'll discuss that first step of gathering articles and then I'll briefly describe some analysis plans for the future. So the first step is to define what mental health articles are and given that mental health is kind of a vague term and pretty general and Wikipedia also lacks a clear demarcation of what mental health articles are. We created our own definition for this study and for the purposes of data collection.  And so with that in mind, we to collect our articles about mental health. We start from a core set, a core set that very clearly aligns with our definition. And we start with the list of mental disorders on Wikipedia, which is an article with around, I think, 217 articles about mental health. The idea here is to use this list of articles that clearly align with our definition as a jumping off point to collect more articles about mental health. So here's a screencap of that article and it lists 217 wiki links to mental disorder articles, all of which are included in the DSM or ICD, which are diagnostic and psychiatric manuals. So with our core set, we plan to our goal is to collect candidate articles by extracting all of the wiki links included in those core articles. For example, major depressive disorder, which is a core article in our set has a large list of wiki links. We'll grab all of those and add it to our set of candidate articles. So we do this for 217 articles and it wind up with 9,499 unique candidate articles. The next step is to filter. So to filter our candidate articles, we ask the question of is the candidate article similar enough to our core set of articles. And by similar enough, I mean we use a threshold of cosine similarity to determine how similar the text of a candidate article is to the text of articles in our core set. Next, we want to analyze the talk pages and the main articles of our whole data set. To do this, we have an approach for each research question, which I'll briefly describe. So for our key one, which probes about policy discussions and mental health article talk pages, we obviously first need to identify what policy discussions are. Thankfully, previous work has done this for us already. Next, we want to know how policy is used. So just a very descriptive understanding of like frequency of policy enactment, which policies are enacted. On a deeper dive, we hope to look at the motivations and purposes and the contextual contextual and situational factors for policy usage. And we'll do this with an unsupervised dialogue at detection method used in previous research on Wikipedia. So we'll be looking for dialogue active features like asking questions or object making objections or clarifying. We'll also look at domain specific topics from the context of a conversation or discussion. Some domain specific topics might include symptomatology or talk of controversial treatment options. For RQ2, we want to take these policy discussions and map them to simultaneous edits in the main article space. So we basically want to see if there are patterns in the editing behavior in the main article in the presence or not in the presence of policy discussions. So we can use computational methods inspired by monkey at all to predict editing behavior in or not in the presence of simultaneous policy discussions. And by editing behavior, we mean deletions, insertions, reburts, etc. So for this last RQ, which is more broad and open, bigger, more broad and bigger picture, we aim to connect our whole investigation and mental health articles to an exploration of how editor practices, like policy usage, reinforces or contradicts Wikipedia values. So in our project, policy usage is one way that editors operationalize Wikipedia values, like citing W and POV. But another and more implicit way is through the composition of editors for an article, namely the spread of administrative editors versus content oriented editors. For the cognitive diversity of editors. So some final thoughts. Little is known about how Wikipedia editors leverage guidelines and policies during the editing process, including how this might reflect community values like pluralism. And so given the social importance of mental health info, we feel that mental health articles are a fruitful pathway for this work. Thank you for listening. And I look forward to hearing your feedback.


The title of this book is The Smallest Gift of Christmas. Written by Peter Reynolds. Look at this giant stocking and these three smaller stockings. This one says Rowland. There was a little boy named Rowland. Rowland was eager for Christmas Day. He raced downstairs to see what was waiting for him. He looked around for his presents. He was so excited. But when he saw his present, it was the smallest gift he had ever seen. He was not impressed. Had he waited the whole year for this tiny gift, Rowland closed his eyes and hoped and wished as hard as he could for a bigger gift. And when he opened his eyes, there was a bigger gift. You called that big? Rowland asked. He had been wishing for something much bigger.  That one isn't much bigger than me. Rowland said, I'm not very big. He stomped and yelled. He looked outside. Big? That's not even as big as my house. When I say big, I mean big. He yelled with his scarf and hat and coat on. Rowland stomped off. Sure, there was a bigger gift for him somewhere. In the distance, he saw a present wedged between two buildings. That, Rowland thought. That is pretty big. But still not big enough. Rowland was determined. He climbed up a ladder into a rocket. So off he went in the rocket to search the universe as the rocket went through the universe. He searched and searched, but all he could see were billions of stars and no presents. Rowland peered into his telescope. He could just make out a tiny dot in the distance. His home. His family. Now, just a speck growing smaller and smaller. Rowland realized that he was very, very far from home. He was far from his family. And if he continued to search, that little dot would disappear. Rowland never thought he'd want something so small.  As the rocket headed toward it, the dot grew bigger and bigger. As Rowland's rocket landed gently, Rowland realized that the smallest speck was his biggest gift. Rowland was home. You see now, Rowland with his family, hugging them tightly, his mother, his father, his sister, all holding each other near. He was home now. What was the smallest gift? Family. A small gift in actuality means the most.  Like Rowland going out in his rocket, searching the universe for the biggest gift. And then realizing, he wanted the smallest gift of all that had the most meaning and was the most cherished of all gifts. The story is trying to tell you. Appreciate small gifts. Small gifts can bring very good things. G-I-F-T Gift E-A-G-E-R Eager H-O-P-E Hope D-E-T-E-R-M-I-N-E-D Determined Determined P-E-C-K A small speck R-O-C-K-E-T Rocket That is the end of the story. I hope you enjoyed it.


We can participate in different ways in the lives of our participants. We can be less or more involved and participate in tasks that are peripheral or central to their lives. For the sake of explanation, we can say there are different degrees of participation. Sometimes we find ethnographers taking on the roles of the very people they are interested to learn from. In these instances, the researcher attempts to experience the way of life, the daily activities and the tasks of the participants. So we see ethnographers taking on the role of taxi drivers, factory workers, musicians, midwives and so on. By critically reflecting on their own experiences in this new role, they try to understand the perspectives of their participants. Some ethnographers choose to live in the context but maintain their own personal space within it. Laura Ring's work in Karachi is such an example. For the period of her research, Ring lived in the apartment in the very building that formed the location of her fieldwork. She lived alongside but not with her participants. Doing this enabled her to maintain a boundary between her personal life and her research. There are also plenty of cases where researchers step in and out of the context. The work of Beatrice Potter Webb is one such example. Potter Webb is considered among the earliest of participant observers. She was interested in studying the lives of working class people in newly industrialized England. So she would take on certain jobs that enabled her to gain access and study the lives of her participant population. She is known to have worked as a rent collector and as a seamstress in the working class neighborhoods of London. She would do these jobs for brief periods of time such as a few weeks or a few months. During the period in which she was employed in one of these jobs, she would go do her research in working class neighborhoods in the daytime. And in the evening, she would return to her home in an affluent part of the city. In this way, she would step in and out of the life of the rent collector and her own life. And her engagement remained limited to the working conditions and not the living conditions of her participants. Ethnographers may also participate in tasks that are peripheral to the phenomena. Anthropologist James Laidlaw spent many years living in Jaipur studying the Jain community. Laidlaw was interested in exploring how religious ideas of the Jains intermingled with their social and economic practices. And so he became quite familiar with Jain philosophy and religion. He was not living with his participants nor was he partaking in their religious practices. Yet, he was often a welcome observer in their temples, homes and shared spaces. He also engaged in discussions on Jain philosophy and religion with many practitioners of Jainism. In this way, he participated in the context but in a peripheral way, basing most of his research on observations and conversations. Let us pause here for a moment and return to the mind map you made earlier. Add to it the different degrees of participant observation that we have discussed. And for each degree that you note, write down one unique feature. Okay, let's return to our discussion. As we do our fieldwork, we may feel overwhelmed or confused by all the different categories and ways of engaging. Active, partial, peripheral and so on. Sometimes it is hard to know if we are trying to gain access or immerse ourselves. Are we observing our participants or participating with them? These are valid confusions and part of the non-linear structure of ethnographic research. There is a considerable overlap between one aspect of the practice and another. And the degree of our involvement is also determined by the comfort levels shared between participants and us. As we participate or immerse ourselves, we must be careful not to overstep the line that may make us or the other uncomfortable. You may recall the story of my interaction with the Fakirani Jats in Kutch. It is important to remember that we may not be welcomed to participate in all phenomena and activities. We should be aware of the role that we have acquired so far in our participant community and interact in accordance with that role. Let us look at an example to further understand this. Karen O'Reilly wanted to study members of a formal club, so she joined in as a volunteer. She offered to take on the task of making coffee for staff members before a big club meeting. Driven by her enthusiasm, she stayed on to serve the coffee to the members who came for the meeting. After the meeting, the manager of the club was quite upset with O'Reilly. She had upset the regular staff by serving coffee during the meeting. This was supposed to be their job and not the job of volunteers like O'Reilly. She learned that enthusiasm in participating is not always a good thing. It is also important to remember the differences between our belief systems and those of the other and then work in accordance with theirs. A researcher working in a village in North India learned this. She was invited to eat dinner at the home of her participant, an agricultural entrepreneur. She had only known the participant for a few days, so this invitation was an important step in building their relationship. The meal went off just fine. As she finished her food, the researcher insisted on putting away her used plate. In her logic, she was being a well-mannered guest. But to her host, this was an insult to their hospitality and against the norms of their home. Her small act of politeness resulted in an uncomfortable situation she did not even anticipate. In both these examples, we see that sometimes we need to participate less and observe more. As we observe, we are likely to learn the social behavior of our participants and we may act accordingly. But there are also contexts where we cannot participate. These include areas of highly specialized skills such as that of a doctor or a surgeon or a dentist or areas and activities where outsiders are simply not allowed to participate such as sacred rituals and religious ceremonies. The tools and tools of participant observation change as our role changes among our participant community. For instance, recall the researcher who caused discomfort by putting away her used plate. Perhaps if she had spent more time getting to know the household members, building familiarity with them, her action may have been more acceptable. As someone familiar to them, the participants may not have minded her entering the kitchen or the washing area to keep her plate. Or possibly if she had been invited to a meal with only the women of the house, she may have been treated differently. Who knows, she may have even been invited to help with cooking the meal. Either way, when we feel that our involvement may discomfort participants, we should focus on learning through other methods such as observation and listening. Let us take a moment here and return to the mind map exercise. Can you think of a few situations where you may not be able to do participant observation? Add these to your mind map and note down possible reasons for not being able to participate. And post this on the forum where we can discuss your answers.


so we're here with the make block who are you and this is Alice from make block and you have booths here you're showing a whole bunch of stuff yeah what's going on here this is a 3D printer so the users can DIY the 3D printer by themselves so it's printing the elephants right now printing this yeah this is the elephant printed by this 3D printer so it requires good quality so in the future people can can build their own printer to print everything in the home yes definitely all right yeah so this one is print by this print as well you see this cute toy so the kids and the parents can print their own toy at home so what else are you showing here oh we have the demo right over the arms here you can shoot this nice this is like homeland yeah cool is this easy to make oh yes very easy we have the kid robot drop the arms kid we have these ultimate kids so this is their product and so it's what we have instruction very easy for people to build this robot arms with this product you see these boxes is able to build 10 different shape robots 10 yeah yeah can this this other one this one this one you can see the play yeah for shooting yeah what is this oh this is our new new new products make space cave you know there's a lot of countries in their middle school or universities they trying to build maker space or labs for the students or the teachers to be able to build many different kind of projects but before it's very difficult for them to find the solution now with these kids they have 17 different boxes with many different parts they are able to build all kind of robots projects so this is a nice one that's going right here it goes in every direction interesting yeah all right all right yeah you can go everywhere yeah and so this uh you people can build tanks tanks everything if they have idea in your head then it's possible for them to turn their idea into reality you see the boxes here so they total they have they have 17 boxes so i filmed the make make open that was really cool so what's what's the response after what's going on all these teams more people want to do this against them yeah this is the second one coming the teams when they're doing this they say we won't come it come back again they're very excited about this and other team want to join yeah they won't do it again it's like very interesting games for them how about other country other country we told them like we just come back from singapore we told some uh the university in singapore they want oh this is very interesting we want to join next time so you're considering right now yeah we're considering we want to we want to make a big open this year so people should just contact you and maybe you will uh say yes yes sure all the teams yeah we want the we want the teams from different country and to join this to join this make open to join you sell this everywhere where do you sell this which country can we go buy this to about 60 countries already yeah so you have people who can buy this in like in europe and yeah in u.s in germany in japan yeah what's going on there oh this is our xy culture the basic function is join the victors then we add the extra these are so they can do this they join the beauty work beautiful women enjoy whatever right yeah we also have the free software depends on my company software it's very easy to doing the drawing what is it called m draw m draw the software it's free to download open source open source yeah all right what is that oh this is a m bar actually it's very popular in many countries in many schools a lot of teachers and uh and the kids like it for them for them and to know more about electronics and the robotics yeah also in the country too free books and what are we looking at under here what is all these uh the sensor there what is that okay this is the sound of our electronics to show here so this is the meat but it's it's based on the art you know this this part is very it's very easy for people to to connect the different different models you see the colors you just put the red to red part so not easy to make mistakes nice yeah very easy and all these different centers yes yeah all right all this is available available we have more our website it is more coming yeah designing more parts more centers because we have like a 70 employee in my company every month they have new products lunch every month new new parts new products yeah we'll be launched so people just follow your website yeah a lot of people yeah follow our website to see what's new there is there a place for the maker to ask uh request new parts uh huh where you ask them what they need if they have questions they can go to uh they can send us email although they can go to our community


My question is about security, and I've listened to one of your talks about quantum computing. You had said that we can assume that the NSA has quantum computing currently. So my question is, how can Bitcoin safeguard against quantum computing? Because once that's reached, they'll be able to essentially break into the wallets simultaneously. That's a very good question. Quantum computing isn't an on-off thing. That's a double pun, actually. It's not like you either have quantum computing or you don't have quantum computing. The question is, how powerful is it? How many qubits of quantum computing do you have? The number of qubits you need to break the encryption that you have in wallets, the current set of encryption you have in most blockchains, is far greater than even the wildest speculation or what might exist in intelligence agencies. That doesn't mean it doesn't exist, but I'm not worried about the NSA having quantum computing. One of the things that is a very basic concept in security is the idea that, if you have a very powerful secret weapon, you do not use it. You wait until you have a very good reason to use it. One way of explaining that is what happened in Coventry when the British had broken enigma. The most important secret was keeping secret the fact that they had broken enigma, otherwise they would go change the encryption code. To keep that secret, they had to do parallel construction. If they found out that someone was going to get bombed, they had to capture a German soldier who knew about it, and then say that he told them so that they would have a different reason. When they didn't have a different reason, they let the Germans bomb Coventry. Thousands of people died to protect the secret of enigma. All I'm saying is, if the NSA has a quantum computer and people not know that quantum computer, which can also break all of the encryption keys on all of the nukes in the world, all of the communication keys, nuclear subs, military intelligence networks, and all of the commercial networks, I don't think they're going to use it to break Bitcoin, if you know what I mean. That small fish to them. The real problem becomes when you have broad commercial availability of quantum computing, but not broad enough that all of us can use it on our wallets. There's that interim period that's a bit awkward. During that interim period, Bitcoin needs to change its algorithms. One of the interesting things that happens is that, while you can change the algorithms on all of the active wallets, some wallets have lost keys, or the people who had those keys are dead. They can't change the signing algorithm, which means that those wallets will get captured by quantum computers. One of the interesting things that happens is that we will know when quantum computing exists, when Satoshi's coins move. That's one of the reasons they'll move. Eventually, they will move, because someone will be able to break the keys. But for the rest of the ecosystem, we can migrate quite easily to another algorithm. It's not really as big a threat as people think it is. The next question comes from JJ, about Satoshi's one million coins and quantum computing. If the protocol has to be upgraded to resist quantum computers, will such an upgrade likely require manually moving funds to a new type of address? Would this mean that everyone, including Satoshi with one million coins, be forced to move their funds? If they can't move them, then the funds might be claimed by a quantum computer, along with all of the funds from lost keys, by essentially cracking those lost keys with a quantum computer. Does quantum computing mean that at some point all lost coins could be reclaimed, because they can't be moved to an upgraded address? JJ, yes, that is the case. First of all, we don't know that Satoshi has one million coins. It's difficult to attribute exactly how many were mined directly by Satoshi. That's an estimate, but let's call it one million. There's a lot more bitcoin that's been lost over the years. I've lost keys and lost small amounts of bitcoin, and I'm sure many others have too. What happens with those? Quantum computing would basically mean that the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm would be vulnerable. There are two different categories of algorithms that are used within bitcoin. One is a hashing algorithm, SHA-256, and the other one is a digital signature algorithm, ECDSA elliptic curve. Quantum computing will most likely affect the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm first. Whether you can use a quantum algorithm to shortcut SHA-256, I'm not sure about that. I don't know if there is a quantum algorithm for that, or how easy it is. That's a different class of algorithm, and it might require a different approach to cracking. Let's say that ECDSA is affected. Ironically, if you lost your keys, but you had previously used that address, then a signature, together with a public key, will be visible and available on the blockchain. When you spend from an address, you leave behind a public key and a digital signature. Whereas Satoshi, for example, never spent, never moved any of the initial coins. If Satoshi had a million coins, and if those are sitting on the blockchain, because they haven't been spent, we don't have a signature, and we don't have a public key. What we have is an address, and an address is the result of a double hash, and is not the result of the ECDSA algorithm. Which means that if a quantum computer can crack ECDSA, but it can't crack SHA-256, then Satoshi's coins are safe. The only coins that are affected are the ones where those addresses had been reused several times. It's one of the reasons why it's a best practice to only use an address once. The first time a signature appears on the blockchain is when those funds have already moved, they're empty, that address never gets used again, that key never gets used again. Even if the public key can be cracked in the future, it results in a private key that doesn't control any funds. You only use it once. Ironically, people who don't follow that best practice may have their keys affected by quantum computing, long before people who do use that practice, and Satoshi, whose one million coins never got moved, and therefore never had signatures attached to them. Quantum computing doesn't necessarily mean immediately that all coins are vulnerable. It's only the case for those where perhaps a digital signature is visible on the blockchain. If SHA is vulnerable, but ECDSA isn't, then you can take the address and reverse it to a public key. That would require very big vulnerability in SHA. That's not simply finding a collision, that's reversing a hash algorithm, which is a whole different class of problem. In that case, you would still have to figure out from the public key that you have as a result, what the private key is. You'd have to break both SHA-256 and the ECDSA to move funds from an address that has never been reused or spent. It's not as simple, but the bottom line is that if quantum computing causes a problem, yes, we will need to move funds to a new type of address that uses a digital signature algorithm, or something like that that is quantum secure. Not a problem for the foreseeable future, of course.